ELOLILF RZNEN]C OA]AFLPLH
@csusuh Niaf L`hlh Li Pfnrcq
:72<<:<72!
Rlh"" h""cf ]l#u$rn $rn
:72 :72<<:<7 :<72
%LO&IPL] %LZEL]C &HC'AZ]CPL &HC'AZ]C PL] ] RL@(L@(LZLH (LHPCHLH)NZ :2<*
+L+ C RAH@LF&I&LH <, Il$l Il$lrr +ai +aill-lh lh" " Onhsap prnensc oasafltlh earuplolh pahkaejlhklh `lrc onhsap pah`c`colh oasafltlh, ylhk
jarilhksuhk sadlilh `ahklh parujlflh plrl`cke oasafltlh elsylrlolt (pujicm falitf). Rarujl Rarujlflh flh plrl`c plrl`ckel kel oasafl oasafltlh tlh elsylr elsylrlolt lolt tardl`c tardl`c lhtlrl lhtlrl ilch ilch locjlt locjlt jarujl jarujlfhyl fhyl pnil pnil pahyloct, klyl fc`up, onh`csc oafc`uplh, ichkouhklh oafc`uplh, `lh `aenkrlgc. Rl`l lwli paroaejlhklhhyl, oasafltlh elsylrlolt `cgnousolh pl`l glotnr-glotnr ylhk eahcejuiolh rcscon rcscon oasafltlh oasafltlh sapartc sapartc u`lrl, lcr, pahyloct-pahy pahyloct-pahyloct loct jarsuejar jarsuejar elolhlh sapartc pahyloct pahyloct pahyloct ilch ylhk jarfujuhklh `ahklh oaecsochlh `lh onh`csc oafc`uplh ylhk juruo. @lile paroaejlhklh sailhduthyl, `csl`lrc jlfwl onh`csc oasafltlh dukl `cpahklrufc niaf klyl fc`up elsylrlolt (@apoas !., "##$). %otc&ctls prnensc oasafltlh eahurut Rclkle 'ttlwl l`lilf l`&nolsc l`&nolsc (l`&nmltchk) (l`&nmltchk),, paejar`lyllh paejar`lyllh (ahljichk) `lh ea`clsc ea`clsc (ea`cltchk) (ea`cltchk).. ailch ailch ctu, dukl `crueusolh onepnhah utlel prnensc oasafltlh ylctu* +) eaejlhkuh oajcdlolh pujicm jarwlwlslh oasafltlh (juci` falitfy pujicm pnicmy), ") eahmcptlolh ichkouhklh ylhk eah`uouhk (mralta suppnrtc&a ah&crnheahts), ) eaeparoult karlolh elsylrlolt (strahktfah mneeuhcty mneeuhcty lmtcnh), $) eaejlhkuh eaejlhkuh oatarlepcil oatarlepcilh h ch`c&c`u ch`c&c`u (`a&ainp (`a&ainp parsnhli parsnhli socii), socii), `lh ) ranrca ranrcahtl htlsc sc pailyl pailylhlh hlh oasafl oasafltlh tlh (ranrc (ranrcaht aht falitf falitf sar&cm sar&cmas) as).. ar`ls ar`lslro lrolh lh Rclkle Rclkle 'ttlwl 'ttlwl tarsajut, `crueusolh strltakc `lslr prnensc oasafltlh, ylctu aepnwareaht (paejar`lyllh elsylrlolt), snmcli suppnrt (jchl sulslhl), `lh l`&nmlm y (l`&nolsc) (/', "##2). asulc `ahklh paroaejlhklh prnensc oasafltlh tarsajut `c ltls, pl`l tlfuh "##2 /' eaejarcolh pahkartclh prnensc oasafltlh sajlklc prnsas eahkuplylolh ch`c&c`uch`c&c`u `lh elsylrlolt uhtuo eahchkoltolh oaelepulh earaol eahkah`licolh glotnr-glotnr ylhk eaepahklrufc oasafltlh, safchkkl `lplt eahchkoltolh `arldlt oasafltlhhyl. artnilo `lrc pahkartclh ylhk `crueusolh /' tarsajut, `c !h`nhascl pahkartclh prnensc oasafltlh `crueusolh sajlklc uplyl uhtuo eahchkoltolh oaelepulh elsylrlolt eailiuc paejaildlrlh `lrc, niaf, uhtuo, `lh jarslel elsylrlolt, lklr earaol `lplt eahninhk `crchyl sah`crc, sartl eahkaejlhkolh oakcltlh ylhk jarsuejar `lyl elsylrlolt, sasulc `ahklh ju`lyl sataeplt `lh `c`uouhk niaf oajcdlolh pujico ylhk jarwlwlslh oasafltlh (@apoas !., "##$).
ylhk nptceli `cjutufolh tahlkl oasafltlh ylhk `lplt eaejarcolh pailylhlh, `lh slrlhl prlslrlhl ylhk jaroulictls (paeuicflh oasafltlh). %pntaoar sajlklc slilf sltu tahlkl oasaflt oasafltlh lh ylhk `clouc `clouc niaf niaf paearc paearchtl htlf, f, eaecic eaecicoc oc parlh parlh `lile `lile paejlh paejlhkuhl kuhlh h oasafl oasafltlh tlh tarutlel oasafltlh elsylrlolt. %pntaoar sajlklc prngasc oasafltlh ylhk eaecicoc onepatahsc `lh oalficlh `c jc`lhk oaglrelsclh (sa`cllh glrelsc `lh lilt oasafltlh) jartlhkkuhk dlwlj `lile pahdlechlh oulictls `lh oatapltlh njlt pl`l saiuruf prnsas tarolct sa`cllh glrelsc (!%!, "#+#). :, Pu.ulh .ulh Rrn/ns Rrn/nscc Oasafl Oasafl$l $lh h
:udulh ueue `lrc prnensc oasafltlh l`lilf eahchkoltlolh oaelepulh ch`c&c`u, oaiulrkl, oain oainep epno no elsy elsylr lrlol loltt uhtuo uhtuo fc`up fc`up safl safltt `lh `lh eahk eahkae aejl jlhko hkolh lh uply uplyll oasa oasafl fltl tlh h ylhk ylhk jarsuejar `lrc elsylrlolt sartl tarmcptlhyl ichkouhklh ylhk onh`uscg uhtuo eah`nrnhk tarjahtuohyl oaelepulh tarsajut.
+L+ CC C]C
L, Rah"a Rah"ar$ r$clh clh Rrn/ns Rrn/nscc Oasafl$lh
Rrnensc Rrnensc oasafltlh l`lilf oakcltlh oakcltlh pah`c`colh pah`c`colh
oasafltlh, ylhk `cilouolh =
`ahklh eahyajlrolh paslh, eahlhleolh oaylochlh, safchkk safchkkll elsylrlolt tc`lo sldl sl`lr, tlfu `lh eahkartc, tatlpc dukl elu `lh jcsl eailouolh sasultu lhdurlh ylhk l`l fujuhklhhyl `ahklh oasafltlh (%=wlr,+20 1 7lmfgna`=, at li ., ., "##). :udulh prnensc oasafltlh sah`crc l`lilf eahkujlf parcilou eahkujlf parcilou elsylrlolt oa lrlf parcilou saflt safchkkl tarmlplc `arldlt oasaf oasaflt ltlh lh elsylr elsylrlol loltt ylhk ylhk nptce nptceli. li.
`arldlt
oasafltlh
ylhk ylhk nptceli, tahtuhyl parujlflh parcilou ylhk
`cflrlplolh satailf eaharcel prnensctc`lo `lplt tardl`c saolickus (/arcduiclhtc, "##"). 7ahurut (7lmfgna`=, at li ., ., "##), "##), Rrnensc Rrnensc oasafltlh earuplolh prnsas parujlflh, ylhk jartudulh eahkujlf ch`c&c`u, ch`c&c`u, oain oainep epno no `lh elsylrlolt eahudu fli-fli ylhk pnsctcg samlrl tarahmlhl eailiuc prnsas eailiuc prnsas jaildlr. jaildlr. Rarujlflh tarsajut eahmloup lhtlrl ilch pahkatlfulh, pahkatlfulh , scolp `lh oatarlepcilh eailiuc prnsas prnenscoasalfltlh. %`lpuh tudulh prnensc dlhkol plhdlhk l`lilf tarmcptlhyl parcilou saflt `lh tudulh dlhkol tudulh dlhkol eahahklf l`lilf l`lilf tarmcpt tarmcptlhyl lhyl pahkartc pahkartclh, lh, scolp, scolp, hnrel, hnrel, `lh `lh sajlklchyl. a`lhkolh tudulh dlhkol pah`ao clilf tahtlhk dlhkolulh oainepno slslrlh ltlu jcsl dukl eahylhkout tariloslhlhyl oakcltlh-oakcltlh oakcltlh-oakcltlh pahyuiuflh pahyuiuflh.. +, ]lslrlh ]lslrlh Rrn/nsc Rrn/nsc Oasafl$ Oasafl$lh lh @lile pailoslhllh prnensc oasafltlh `coahli l`lhyl (tckl) dahcs slslrlh, ylctu (+)
slslrlh prcear, (") slslrlh saouh`ar `lh () slslrlh tarscar. +. ls lslrlh lrlh Rrc Rrce ear lslrlh prcear (utlel) uplyl prnensc oasafltlh sasuhkkufhyl l`lilf plscah, ch`c&c`u saflt saflt `lh oaiu oaiulr lrkl kl (rue (ruelf lf tlhk tlhkkl) kl) sajlk sajlklc lc onepn onepnha hah h `lrc `lrc elsy elsylrl lrlol olt. t. 7ara 7araol ol chc chc `cflrlpolh eahkujlf parcilou fc`up earaol ylhk tc`lo jarscf `lh tc`lo saflt eahdl`c parcilou fc`up jarscf `lh saflt (R/). %olh tatlpc `csl`lrc jlfwl eahkujlf parcilou juolhilf sasultu ylhk eu`lf. Rarujlflh parcilou plscah, ch`c&c`u saflt `lh oaiulrkl (ruelf tlhkkl) lolh suict `cmlplc dcol tc`lo `c`uouhk niaf* cstae hcilc `lh hnrel-hnrel snscli sartl hnrel-hnrel fuoue ylhk `lplt `cmcptlolh;`coaejlhkolh niaf plrl paeuol elsylrlolt, jlco paeuol chgnreli elupuh paeuol gnreli. Oatail`lhlh `lrc plrl paeuol elsylrlolt, jlco paeuol chgnreli elupuh paeuol gnreli, `lile eaeprlotcoolh R/. ulslhl ichkouhklh snscli ylhk onh`uscg (snmcli prassura) `lrc oainepno-oainepno elsylrlolt `lh pah`lplt ueue (pujicm npchcnh).
0
ueja uejarr `lyl `lyl `lh `lh ltlu ltlu slrl slrlhl hl ylhk ylhk `cpa `cpari riuol uolh h jlkc jlkc tarm tarmcp cptl tlhy hyll R/ R/,, ylhk ylhk `lplt `lplt `cupl `cuplyl ylolh olh ltlu ltlu `cjl `cjlhtu htu pahy pahya`c a`cll llhhy hhyll niaf niaf eara earaol ol ylhk ylhk jartl jartlhk hkku kuhk hk dlwl dlwlj j `lh jaroapahtchklh (stloafni`ars), ofusushyl parlhkolt paearchtlflh `lh `uhcl uslfl. ". lsl lslrl rlh h aou aouh` h`ar ar lslrl lslrlh h saouh`a saouh`arr l`lilf l`lilf plrl plrl paeuol paeuol elsyl elsylrlol rlolt, t, jlco jlco paeuol paeuol chgnre chgnreli li (ecsli (ecslihyl hyl paeuol l`lt, paeuol lklel `lh ilch-ilch) elupuh paeuol gnreli (ecslihyl patukls oasafltlh, oasafltlh, padljlt padljlt paearchtlfl paearchtlflh h `lh ilch-ilch) ilch-ilch),, nrklhcsls nrklhcslscc oaelsylrlolt oaelsylrloltlh lh `lh ea`cl elssl. elssl. 7araol 7araol `cflrl `cflrlpol polh h `lplt `lplt turut turut sartl sartl `lile `lile uplyl uplyl eahchk eahchkolto oltolh lh R/ R/ plscah plscah,, ch`c&c`u ch`c&c`u saflt `lh oaiulrkl (ruelf tlhkkl) `ahklh mlrl* arparlh arparlh sajlklc plhutlh `lile eaeprlotcoolh R/. :urut eahyajlriulsolh chgnrelsc tahtlhk R/ `lh eahmcptlolh sulslhl ylhk onh`uscg jlkc R/. arparlh sajlklc oainepno pahaolh (prassura krnup) kuhl eaeparmaplt tarjahtuohyl R/. . lsl lslrl rlh h :a :arsca rscar r lslrlh tarscar l`lilf plrl paejult oajcdlolh pujico ylhk jarupl parlturlh paruh`lhkuh`lhklh `c jc`lhk oasafltlh `lh jc`lhk-jc`lhk ilch ylhk jarolctlh sartl earaol ylhk `lplt eaeglscictlsc eaeglscictlsc ltlu eahya`clolh eahya`clolh suejar `lyl. 7araol `cflrlpolh `cflrlpolh turut sartl `lile uplyl eahchkoltolh R/ plscah, ch`c&c`u saflt `lh oaiulrkl (ruelf tlhkkl) `ahklh mlrl* •
•
7aejarilouolh oajcdlolh;parlturlh paruh`lhkuh`lhklh ylhk tc`lo earukcolh oasafltlh elsylrlolt `lh jlfolh eah`uouhk tarmcptlhyl R/ `lh oasafltlh elsylrlolt. 7aejlhtu eahya`clolh suejar `lyl (`lhl, slrlhl `lh ilch-ilch) ylhk `lplt eaeparmaplt tarmcptlhyl R/ `c olilhklh plscah, ch`c&c`u saflt `lh oaiulrkl (ruelf tlhkkl) pl`l
ofusushyl sartl elsylrlolt iuls pl`l ueuehyl. , ]$rl$a"c ]$rl$a"c Rrn/nsc Rrn/nsc Oasafl$ Oasafl$lh lh 7ahyl`lr 7ahyl`lrcc ruecthy ruecthyll flocol flocoltt `lrc `lrc parcil parcilou, ou, elol elol pariu pariu `cilos `ciloslhl lhlolh olh strlta strltakc kc prnens prnenscc oasafltlh plrcpurhl ylhk tar`crc `lrc (+) paejar`lyllh, ylhk `c`uouhk niaf (") jchl sulslhl `lh () l`&nolsc, sartl `cilh`lsc niaf saelhklt ($) oaectrllh.
1
Raejar Raejar`lyl `lyllh lh l`lilf l`lilf paejar paejarclh clh chgnre chgnrelsc lsc `lh pah`lep pah`lepchk chklh lh `lile `lile eahmakl eahmaklf f `lh eahlhkkuilhkc elslilf oasafltlh, kuhl eaejlhtu ch`c&c`u, oaiulrkl ltlu oainepnooainepno elsylrlolt eahdlilhc tlflp-tlflp tlfu, elu `lh elepu eaeprlotcoolh R/. chl chl suls sulslhl lhl l`lil l`lilf f paej paejah ahtu tuolh olh suls sulslh lhll ichk ichkou ouhkl hklh h snsc snscli li ylhk ylhk onh` onh`us uscg cg `lh `lh eah`nrnhk `cprlotcoolhhyl R/ sartl pahmcptllh plhutlh-plhutlh `lile eahkl`npsc R/ `lh eaiastlrcolhhyl. a`lhkolh l`&nolsc l`lilf pah`aoltlh `lh entc&lsc tarfl`lp pcflo-pcflo tartahtu ylhk `cparfctuhkolh `lplt eah`uouhk oajarflscilh paejchllh R/ jlco `lrc sakc eltarc elupuh hnh eltarc
)l/lr <, ]$rl$a"c Rrn/nsc Oasafl$lh
+. Rae Raejar` jar`ly lyll llh h @lile uplyl prnensc oasafltlh, paejar`lyllh elsylrlolt earuplolh jlkclh ylhk slhklt pahtchk `lh jlfolh `lplt `coltlolh sajlklc uduhk tnejlo. Raejar`lyllh l`lilf prnsas paejarclh chgnrelsc oapl`l ch`c&c`u, oaiulrkl ltlu oainepno (oicah) samlrl tarus-eaharus `lh jaroaschlejuhklh eahkcoutc paroaejlhklh oicah, sartl prnsas eaejlhtu oicah, lklr oicah tarsajut jarujlf `lrc tc`lo tlfu eahdl`c tlfu ltlu sl`lr (lspao ohnwia`ka), `lrc tlfu eahdl`c elu (lspao lttctu`a) `lh `lrc elu eahdl`c elepu eailoslhlolh parcilou ylhk
7
`cparoahliolh (lspao prlmtcma). 'iaf sajlj ctu, sasulc `ahklh slslrlh (oicah)hyl `lplt `cja `cja`lo `lolh lh l`lhy l`lhyll (l) (l) paejar paejar`ly `lyll llh h ch`c ch`c&c &c`u, `u, (j) (j) paeja paejar` r`ly lyllh llh oaiu oaiulr lrkl kl `lh `lh (m) (m) paejar`lyllh oainepno;elsylrlolt. @lile @lile eahkup eahkuplylo lylolh lh lklr lklr oicah oicah tlfu tlfu `lh sl`lr sl`lr,, ouhmchy ouhmchyll tariat tariatlo lo pl`l pl`l oajarfl oajarflsci scilh lh eaejult eaejult oicah oicah tarsaj tarsajut ut eaelfle eaelflecc jlfwl jlfwl sasult sasultu u (ecsli (ecslihyl hyl @clra) @clra) l`lilf l`lilf elslil elslilf f jlkchyl `lh jlkc elsylrlolthyl. aplhdlhk oicah ylhk jarslhkoutlh jaiue eahkatlfuc `lh eahyl`lrc jlfwl sasultu ctu earuplolh elslilf, elol oicah tarsajut tc`lo lolh jarsa`cl eaharcel chgnrelsc lpl puh iajcf ilhdut. llt oicah tailf eahyl`lrc eah yl`lrc elslilf ylhk `cfl`lp `cfl`lpchy chyl, l, elol elol oapl`lh oapl`lhyl yl flrus flrus `cjarc `cjarcolh olh chgnre chgnrelsc lsc ueue ueue iajcf iajcf ilhdut ilhdut tahtlhk tahtlhk elslilf ylhk jarslhkoutlh. Rarujlflh `lrc tlfu oa elu pl`l ueuehyl `cmlplc `ahklh eahyldcolh glotl-glotl `lh eah`rleltcslsc elslilf. :atlpc sailch ctu dukl `ahklh eahklduolh flrlplh jlfwl elslilf tarsajut jcls `cmaklf `lh ltlu `cltlsc. @c schc `lplt `coaeuololh glotl ylhk jarolctlh `ahklh plrl tnonf elsylrlolt sajlklc plhutlh (ecslihyl tahtlhk sanrlhk tnonf lklel ylhk ylhk `cl `cl sah` sah`cr crcc `lh `lh oaiul oaiulrk rklhy lhyll tlo tlo parh parhlf lf tars tarsar arlh lhk k @clr @clraa olra olrahl hl parci parcilou lou ylhk ylhk `cprlotcoolhhyl). cilelhl sanrlhk ch`c&c`u ltlu sajulf oaiulrkl su`lf lolh jarpch`lf `lrc elu oa elepu eailoslhlolh, jniaf dl`c lolh taroah`lil niaf `ceahsc aonhnec. @lile fli chc oapl`l ylhk jarslhkoutlh `lplt `cjarcolh jlhtulh ilhksuhk. :atlpc ylhk sarchkolic `cprlotcoolh l`lilf `ahklh eahkldlohyl oa `lile prnsas paejar`lyllh oainepno;elsylrlolt eailiuc pahknrklhcslsclh elsylrlolt (mneeuhcty nrklhc=ltcnh) ltlu paejlhkuhlh elsylrlolt (mneeuhcty `a&ainpeaht).
;
Raejar`lyllh lolh iajcf jarflsci dcol `ciloslhlolh eailiuc oaectrllh sartl eahkkuhlolh eatn`a `lh taohco ylhk taplt. Rl`l sllt chc jlhylo `cdueplc iaejlkl-iaejlkl swl`lyl elsylrlolt (67) ylhk jarkarlo `c jc`lhk oasafltlh ltlu pa`uic tarfl`lp oasafltlh. 67 chc flrus `cklilhk oardlslelhyl, jlco `c lhtlrl earaol elupuh lhtlrl earaol `ahklh paearchtlf, lklr uplyl paejar`lyllh elsylrlolt `lplt jar`lylkuhl `lh jarflscikuhl. atail atailf f ctu, ctu, sasulc sasulc mcrc-m mcrc-mcrc crc slslrl slslrlh, h, sctuls sctulscc `lh onh`csc onh`csc,, iliu iliu `ctatl `ctatlpolh polh,, `cl`lol `cl`lolh h `lh `ckuhlolh eatn`a `lh ea`cl oneuhcolsc ylhk taplt. ". chl ul ulslhl chl chl ulslhl ulslhl l`lilf l`lilf uplyl uplyl eahmcp eahmcptlo tlolh lh ichkou ichkouhklh hklh snscli snscli ylhk ylhk eah`nr eah`nrnhk nhk ch`c&c ch`c&c`u `u lhkkntl elsylrlolt uhtuo elu eailouolh parcilou ylhk `cparoahliolh. asanrlhk lolh tar`nrnhk uhtuo elu eailouolh sasultu lpljcil ichkouhklh snscli `c elhl puh cl jarl`l (oaiulrkl `c ruelf, nrklhcslsc scswl;elflscswl, sarcolt paoardl;olrylwlh, nrlhk-nrlhk ylhk eahdl`c plhutlh;c`nil, oainepno lrcslh, eldaics lklel `lh ilch-ilch, `lh jlfolh elsylrlolt ueue) eahyatuduc ltlu eah`uouhk parcilou tarsajut. 'iaf olrahl ctu, uhtuo eaeparoult prnsas paejar`lyllh, ofusushyl `lile uplyl eahchkoltolh plrl ch`c&c`u `lrc glsa tlfu oa glsa elu, pariu `cilouolh jchl sulslhl. :ar`lplt tckl oltaknrc prnsas jchl sulslhl, ylctu (l) jchl sulslhl ch`c&c`u, (j) jchl sulslhl oainepno `lh (m) jchl sulslhl pujico. . %`&nolsc %`&nols %`&nolscc l`lilf l`lilf uplyl uplyl ltlu ltlu prnsas prnsas ylhk ylhk strlta strltakcs kcs `lh tarahm tarahmlhl lhl uhtuo uhtuo eah`lpl eah`lpltolh tolh onecteah `lh `uouhklh `lrc pcflo-pcflo ylhk tarolct (stloafni`ars). Rcflo-pcflo ylhk tarolct tarolct chc jarupl tnonf-tnonf tnonf-tnonf elsylrlolt elsylrlolt (gnreli `lh chgnreli) chgnreli) ylhk ueuehyl ueuehyl jarparlh jarparlh sajlklc hlrlsuejar (npchcnh ial`ar), ltlu pahahtu oajcdlolh (hnrel) ltlu pahylh`lhk `lhl. 3ukl jarupl oainepno-oainepno `lile elsylrlolt `lh ea`cl elssl ylhk `lplt jarparlh `lile eahmcptlolh sulslhl onh`uscg, npchc pujico `lh `nrnhklh (prassura) jlkc tarmcp tarmcptlhy tlhyll R/ R/ elsylr elsylrlolt lolt.. %`&nol %`&nolsc sc earupl earuplolh olh uplyl uplyl uhtuo uhtuo eahyuos eahyuosaso asolh lh jchl jchl sulslhl `lh paejar`lyllh ltlu prnsas paejchllh R/ samlrl ueue. Rariu `csl`lrc jlfwl onecteah `lh `uouhklh ylhk `cuplylolh eailiuc l`&nolsc dlrlhk `cparniaf `lile wlotu schkolt. Rl`l `crc slslrlh l`&nolsc ueuehyl jarilhksuhk tlflplh6
tlflplh, ylctu (+) eahkatlfuc ltlu eahyl`lrc l`lhyl elslilf, (") tartlrco uhtuo cout eahkltlsc elslilf, () pa`uic tarfl`lp paeamlflh elslilf `ahklh eaepartcejlhkolh jarjlklc litarhltcg paeamlflh elslilf, ($) saplolt uhtuo eaeamlfolh elslilf `ahklh eaecic eaecicf f slilf slilf sltu sltu litarh litarhltc ltcgg paeaml paeamlflh flh elslil elslilf f `lh () eaeutus eaeutusolh olh tch`lo tch`lo ilhdut ilhdut oasaploltlh. @ahklh `aecoclh, elol l`&nolsc flrus `cilouolh samlrl tarahmlhl, marelt `lh taplt. lflh-jlflh l`&nolsc flrus `csclpolh `ahklh eltlhk, ylctu* • • • • • •
asulc echlt `lh parfltclh slslrlh l`&nolsc 7aeult rueuslh elslilf `lh litarhltcg paeamlflh elslilf 7aeult parlh sc slslrlh `lile paeamlflh elslilf ar`lslrolh oapl`l glotl ltlu a&c`ahma-jlsa` @coaels samlrl eahlrco `lh dails asulc `ahklh wlotu ylhk tarsa`cl
ajlklc ajlklcelh elhll paejar paejar`ly `lyllh llh `lh jchl jchl sulslh sulslhl, l, l`&nols l`&nolscc dukl dukl lolh lolh iajcf iajcf agaotc agaotcgg jcil jcil `ciloslhlolh `ahklh prchscp oaectrllh. 4lctu `ahklh eaejahtuo dadlrchk l`&nolsc ltlu gnrue oardlslel. @ahklh oardlslel, eailiuc paejlkclh tukls `lh slichk-`uouhk, elol slslrlh l`&nolsc lolh `lplt `clrlfolh uhtuo sleplc oapl`l tudulh ylhk `cflrlpolh. ajlklc onhsaouahschyl, eatn`a `lh ea`cl l`&nolsc puh flrus `ctahtuolh samlrl marelt, safchkkl oardlslel `lplt jardlilh jlco. $. Oaectrllh Oaectrllh flrus `cklilhk jlco `lile rlhkol paejar`lyllh elupuh jchl sulslhl `lh l`&nols l`&nolscc kuhl eaejlhk eaejlhkuh uh oardls oardlslel lel `lh eah`lpl eah`lpltol tolh h `uouhkl `uouhklh. h. @ahklh @ahklh `aecoc `aecoclh lh oaectrllh pariu `cklilhk lhtlr ch`c&c`u, oaiulrkl, padljlt ltlu chstlhsc paearchtlf ylhk tarolct `ahklh uruslh oasafltlh (ichtls saotnr), paeuol ltlu tnonf elsylrlolt, ea`cl elssl elssl `lh ilch-i ilch-ilch lch.. Oaectr Oaectrllh llh flrus flrus jarilh jarilh`ls `lsolh olh pl`l tckl tckl prchsc prchscp p `lslr `lslr,, ylctu ylctu (l) oasatlrllh, (j) oatarjuollh `lh (m) slichk eahkuhtuhkolh. @, Ea$n`a Ea$n`a Rrn Rrn/nsc /nsc Oasafl Oasafl$lh $lh
7atn`a Rrnensc Oasafltlh Oasafltlh `lplt `ckninhkolh `ckninhkolh jar`lslrolh jar`lslrolh :aohco :aohco Oneuhcolsc, Oneuhcolsc, lslrlh ylhk `cmlplc `lh !h`arl paharcel `lrc slslrlh prnensc. +. ar`ls ar`lslro lrolh lh :ao :aohco hco Oneuhc Oneuhcols olscc 3
l. 7atn 7atn`a `a pahy pahyui uiuf uflh lh ilhk ilhksu suhk hk.. @lile fli chc plrl pahyuiuf ilhksuhk jarfl`lplh ltlu jartltlp euol `ahklh slslrlh. :arelsuo `c schc lhtlrl ilch * ouhduhklh ruelf, partaeulh `csousc (?9@), partaeulh `c jlilc `asl, partaeulh `c Rnsylh`u, `ii. j. 7atn`a ylhk tc`lo ilhksuhk. @lile fli chc plrl pahyuiuf tc`lo ilhksuhk jarfl`lplh samlrl tltlp euol `ahkl `ahklh h slsl slslrl rlh, h, tatl tatlpc pc cl eahy eahyle leplc plcol olh h pasl paslhhy hhyll `ahkl `ahklh h parl parlht htlr lrll (ea`c (ea`cl) l)..
ch`a ch`arl rl pahki pahkicf cflt ltlh lh,,
sapa sapart rtcc
* Rahae Rahaepai pailh lh Rnst Rnstar ar,, Rael Raelsl slhkl hklh h
9lejlr;Rfntn, Raelslhklh Onrlh `ch`chk, Raeutlrlh ?cie j. 7atn`a R58@589%%8. @lile fli chc paslh `ctarcel niaf slslrlh eailiuc ch`arl pah`ahklr, ueplelhyl * Rahyuiuflh iawlt rl`cn, Rc`ltn, >arlelf, `ii m. 7atn`a 7atn`a BO'7!8 BO'7!8%! %!L. L. @lile fli chc tarelsu tarelsuo o * @aenhstrl @aenhstrlsc sc mlrl (`cicfl (`cicflt, t, `c`ahklr,`cmcue, `crljl `lh `cmnjl) A, 7a`cl Rrnensc Oasafltlh 7a`cl ltlu lilt parlkl `lile prnensc oasafltlh `lplt `clrtcolh sajlklc lilt jlhtu uhtuo prnensc oasafltlh ylhk `lplt `cicflt, `c`ahklr, `crljl, `crlsl ltlu `cmcue, uhtuo <2
eaeparilhmlr eaeparilhmlr oneuhcolsc oneuhcolsc `lh pahyajlriulsl pahyajlriulslh h chgnrelsc chgnrelsc.. 7a`cl prnensc 7a`cl prnensc oasafltlh l`lilf saeul slrlhl ltlu uplyl uhtuo eahlepciolh paslh ltlu chgnrelsc ylhk chkch `csleplcolh niaf oneuhcoltnr, jlco ctu eailiuc ea`cl matlo, aiaotrnhco (:J, rl`cn, oneput oneputar, ar, `lh ilch-i ilch-ilch lch)) `lh ea`cl ea`cl iulr iulr rulhk, rulhk, safchk safchkkl kl slslrl slslrlh h `lplt `lplt eahchk eahchkolt olt pahkatlfulhhyl ylhk lofcrhyl `cflrlpolh `lplt jarujlf parcilouhyl oalrlf pnsctcg tarfl`lp oasafltlhhyl. %`lpuh tudulh ea`cl prnensc oasafltlh `clhtlrlhyl (8ntnlten`dn, "##) * l. 7a`cl 7a`cl `lplt `lplt eaepare eaepareu`l u`lf f pahylepl pahyleplclh clh chgnr chgnrels elsc. c. j. 7a`cl `lplt eahkfch`lrc oaslilflh parsapsc. m. @lpl @lpltt eaepar eaeparda dail ilss chgnr chgnrel elsc sc `. 7a`cl 7a`cl `lplt `lplt eaepar eaepareu` eu`lf lf pahka pahkartc rtclh. lh. a. 7ahkur 7ahkurlhk lhkcc oneuhc oneuhcols olscc ylhk ylhk &arjlic &arjlicstc stco o g. @lplt @lplt eahlep eahlepcio ciolh lh njyao njyao ylhk tc`lo tc`lo jcsl jcsl `ctlhk `ctlhkolp olp `ahklh `ahklh eltl. eltl. k. 7aep 7aepari arilh lhml mlrr oneuhc oneuhcols olsc. c. %, 3ahcs 7a`cl Rrnensc Oasafltlh l. ar`ls ar`lslro lrolh lh jahtu jahtuo o ueue ueue pahkkuh pahkkuhllh llh (8ntnl (8ntnlten ten`dn, `dn, "##) "##) +) lflh lflh jlmllh jlmllh * 7n`ui, 7n`ui, juou ruduol ruduolh;j h;jlmll lmllh, h, gni`ar gni`ar,, ialgi ialgiat, at, eldlilf, eldlilf, juiatch, juiatch,
`lh sajlklchyl. ") lflh lflh parlkll parlkllh h * Rnstar Rnstar tuhkkli, tuhkkli, pnstar pnstar sarc, sarc, picpmfl picpmflrt, rt, trlhplr trlhplrlh, lh, sic`a, sic`a, gcie, gcie, `lh satarushyl. j. ar`lslrolh mlrl prn`uoschyl, ea`cl prnensc oasafltlh `coainepnoolh eahdl`c* +) 7a`cl 7a`cl matlo, ylctu ylctu sultu sultu ea`cl stltcs stltcs `lh eahkutle eahkutlelol lolh h paslhpaslh-pas paslh lh &csuli. &csuli. 7a`cl matlo pl`l ueuehyl tar`crc `lrc klejlrlh sadueilf oltl, klejlr ltlu gntn `lile tltl wlrhl. ?uhksc utlel ea`cl matlo chc l`lilf eaejarc chgnrelsc `lh eahkfc eahkfcjur jur.. %`lpuh %`lpuh elmleelmle-elm elmleh lehyl yl l`lilf l`lilf pnstar pnstar,, ialgia ialgiat, t, jrnsur jrnsur,, eldlilf, surlt oljlr, iaejlr jlico, stcmoar, `lh pl egiat.
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Oaiajcflh ea`cl matlo `clhtlrlhyl l`lilf * l) :lflh ilel, j) 7ahmloup jlhylo nrlhk, m) clyl tc`lo tchkkc, `) :c`lo pariu icstrco, a) @lplt `cjlwl oa elhl-e elhl-elhl, lhl, g) @lplt @lplt eahkuh eahkuhkoc koctt rlsl rlsl oach`lf oach`lflh, lh, k) 7ahchk 7ahchkolt oltolh olh
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klcrlf jaildlr. Oaiaelflh ea`cl matlo ylctu * l) 7a`cl chc tc`lo `lplt eahstceuicr agao
sulrl `lh agao karlo, j) 7u`lf taricplt (8ntnlten`dn, "##). ") 7a`cl 7a`cl aiaotrnh aiaotrnhcol col ylctu ylctu sultu sultu ea`cl jarkar jarkarlo lo `lh `chlec `chlecs, s, `lplt `cicflt `cicflt `lh `c`a `c`ahkl hklrr `lil `lile e eahy eahyle leplc plcol olh h paslhh paslhhyl yl eail eailiu iucc lilt lilt jlhtu jlhtu aiao aiaotr trnhc nhcol. ol. %`lpuh %`lpuh elmle-e elmle-elmle lmle ea`cl ea`cl tarsaj tarsajut ut l`lilf l`lilf :J, :J, rl`cn, rl`cn, gcie, gcie, &c`an &c`an gcie, gcie, mlssata, >@, J>@. Oaiajcflh Oaiajcflh ea`cl aiaotrnhcol aiaotrnhcol `clhtlrlhyl `clhtlrlhyl * l) u`lf `coahli `coahli elsylrlolt, elsylrlolt, j) • 7ahkcoutsartlolh saeul plhml ch`rl, m) 6ajcf eu`lf `cplflec, `) 6ajcf eahlr eahlrco co olra olrahl hl l`l l`l sulr sulrll `lh `lh klej klejlr lr jark jarkar arlo lo,, a) art artlt ltlp lp euol, euol, g) Rahyldclh `lplt `coah`licolh, k) 3lhkolulh railtcg iajcf jaslr, f) ajlklc •
lilt `csousc `lh `lplt `cuilhk-uilhk. Oaiaelflh ea`cl aiaotrnhcol `clhtlrlhyl * l) clyl iajcf tchkkc, j) a`coct ruect, m) Rariu icstrco, `) Rariu lilt mlhkkcf uhtuo prn`uoschyl `lh parsclplh eltl eltlhk hk,,
a) Rarl Rarlil iltl tlh h
oatar oatarle lepci pcilh lh
sail sailiu iu jaro jaroae aejl jlhk hk `lh `lh
pahy pahyce cepl plhlh hlh,,
jaru jarujl jlf f
g) Rariu Rariu tarle tarlepci pci `lil `lile e
sart sartll
pari pariu u
pahkn pahknpar parls lscl clh h
(8ntnlten`dn, "##). ) 7a`c 7a`cll iulr iulr rulhk rulhk ylctu ylctu ea`c ea`cll ylhk ylhk eahyl eahylep eplc lcol olh h paslh paslhhy hyll `c iulr iulr rulhk rulhk samlrl ueue eailiuc ea`cl matlo `lh aiaotrnhcol samlrl stltcs, ecslihyl* Rlplh raoilea ylctu pnstar `lile uourlh jaslr ylhk `lplt `cicflt samlrl ueue `c pardlilhlh, splh`uo ylctu sultu paslh `lile jahtuo tuicslh `lh `csartlc klejlr ylhk ylhk `cjult `cjult `c ltls ltls samlrc samlrco o olch olch `ahklh `ahklh uourlh uourlh tarklh tarklhtuh tuhk k oajutuf oajutuflh lh `lh `cplslhk `c sultu taeplt ylhk strltakc lklr `lplt `cicflt niaf saeul nrlhk, plearlh, jlhhar `lh :J ilylr iajlr (@5RO5 !, "##M). Oaiajcflh ea`cl iulr rulhk `clhtlrlhyl * l) ajlklc chgnrelsc ueue `lh • fcjurlh, j) 7ahkcoutsartlolh saeul plhml ch`rl, m) 6ajcf eu`lf `cplflec, `) 6ajcf eahlrco olrahl l`l sulrl `lh klejlr jarkarlo, jarkarlo, a) artltlp artltlp euol, g) Rahyldclh `lplt `coah`licolh, k) 3lhkolulh railtcg iajcf jaslr, f) @lplt eahdl`c taeplt jartlhyl iajcf `atlci, c) @lplt eahkkuhlolh saeul plhml ch`rl samlrl ilhksuhk, `lh ilch-ilch. <:
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Oaiaelflh ea`cl iulr rulhk `clhtlrlhyl * l) clyl iajcf tchkkc, j) a`coct ruect, ruect, m) %`l %`l ylhk ylhk eaeari eaeariuol uolh h icstrc icstrco, o, `) %`l ylhk eaeari eaeariuolh uolh lilt lilt mlhkkcf uhtuo prn`uoseyl, a) Rariu parsclplh eltlhk, g) Rarliltlh sailiu jaroaejlhk `lh jarujlf, k) Rariu oatarlepcilh pahyceplhlh, f) Rariu
oatarlepci `lile pahknparlsclh (@5RO5 !, "##M). ), lhmlhklh Rahkaejlhklh 7a`cl Rl`l tlflp chc `crlhmlhk ltlu `crahmlhlolh jarjlklc strltakc `lh en`ai chtar&ahsc ylhk eahdailsolh jajarlpl onepnhah utlel, ylctu * l. 7ahatlpolh tudulh :udulhhyl l`lilf sultu parhyltllh tahtlhk sultu oal`llh `c elsl `ltlhk ylhk lolh `cmlplc eailiuc pailoslhllh oakcltlh tartahtu (8ntnlten`dn,"##). amlrl ueue `lplt `coltlolh jlfwl tudulh flrus * +) alicstcs, lrtchyl jcsl `cmlplc juolh flhyl lhklh-lhklh. ") 3ails `lh `lplt `cuour. ) %pl ylhk lolh `cuour. $) clpl slslrlh ylhk lolh `cuour. ) ajarlpl jlhylo parujlflh ylhk lolh `cuour. M) arlpl ilel `lh `c elhl pahkuourlh `cilouolh. Rahatlplh tudulh l`lilf sajlklc `lslr uhtuo earlhmlhk ea`cl prnensc oasafltlh `lh `lile earlhmlhk a&liulsc. 3col tudulh ylhk `ctatlpolh tc`lo dails `lh tc`lo nparlscnhli
elol
prnkrle
eahdl`c
tc`lo
gnous
`lh
tc`lo
agaotcg
(8ntnlten`dn,"##). j. 7ahatlpolh sakeahtlsc slslrlh akeahtlsc slslrlh l`lilf sultu oakcltlh eaecicf oainepno slslrlh ylhk taplt `lh `clhkklp `clhkklp slhklt eahahtuolh oajarflscil oajarflscilh h prnensc prnensc oasafltlh. oasafltlh. :udulhhy :udulhhyll l`lilf eaejar eaejarcolh colh pailyl pailylhlh hlh ylhk sajlco sajlco-jl -jlcohy cohyll `lh eaejarc eaejarcolh olh oapulsl oapulslh h pl`l elschk-elschk sakeah. @lplt dukl uhtuo eahahtuolh oatarsa`cllh, dueilf `lh dlhkolulh prn`uo. ailch ctu dukl `lplt eahkfctuhk dahcs ea`cl `lh eahaepltolh ea`c ea`cll ylhk ylhk eu`l eu`lf f `clos `closas as niaf niaf oflily oflilylo lo slsl slslrl rlh. h. aja ajaiu iue e ea`c ea`cll prne prnens nscc oasafltlh `ciuhmurolh fah`lohyl par!u eahkuepuiolh `ltl slslrlh sapartc * +) @ltl @ltl olrlot olrlotarc arcstc stco o parcil parcilou ou oflilyl oflilylo o slslrl slslrlh, h, ") @ltl @ltl apc`aec apc`aecnin ninkc, kc, ) @ltl @ltl `aenkrlgc, $) @ltl kankrlgc, ) @ltl psconinkc (8ntnlten`dn,"##). m. 7ahkae 7ahkaejlhk jlhkolh olh pnscsc pnscscnhc nhchk hk paslh paslh Rnscsc Rnscscnhc nhchk hk l`lilf l`lilf sultu sultu prnsas prnsas ltlu ltlu uplyl uplyl uhtuo uhtuo eahaep eahaeplto ltolh lh sultu sultu prn`uo prn`uo paruslfllh, ch`c&c`u ltlu lpl sldl `lile lile pcocrlh earaol ylhk `clhkklp sajlklc sajlklc slslrl slslrlh h ltlu ltlu onhsuea onhsueahhy hhyl. l. Rnscsc Rnscscnhc nhchk hk juolh juolh sasult sasultu u ylhk ylhk `cilou `cilouolh olh <=
tarfl`lp tarfl`lp prn`uo tatlpc sasultu ylhk `cilouolh `cilouolh tarfl`lp ntlo mlinh onhsueah ltlu oflilylo oflilylo slslrlh. slslrlh. /li chc juolh strltakc strltakc prn`uo tatlpc tatlpc strltakc strltakc oneuhcolsc. oneuhcolsc. @c schc jarfujuhklh `ahklh jlklcelhl mlinh onhsueah eaha epltolh prn`uo oasafltlh `c `lile ntlohyl (8ntnlten`dn,"##). `. 7ahaht 7ahahtuolh uolh strlta strltakc kc pnscsc pnscscnhc nhchk hk Rl`l prchscphyl sasanrlhk ylhk chkch eailouolh oakcltlh pnscscnhchk eaeariuolh sultu oataouhlh `lh oadarhcflh jarpcocr `lile eaelh`lhk prn`uo `lh plslr ylhk tahklf `cuslflolh. 6lhkolf-ilhkolf ylhk pariu `cilouolh (8ntnlten`dn, "##). +) !`ahtc !`ahtcgco gcolsc lsc plrl plrl pasl paslchk chk.. :udulhhyl l`lilf eailouolh c`ahtcgcolsc ltls sadueilf paslchk ylhk l`l `c elsylrlolt. ") Rars Rarsap apsc sc onhsu onhsuea eah. h. :udulhhyl l`lilf eaeparniaf sadueilf ltrcjut ylhk `clhkklp pahtchk niaf oflilylo slslrlh. ) 7ahaht 7ahahtuolh uolh pnscsc pnscsc paslch paslchk. k. 7ahkat 7ahkatlfu lfucc pnscsc pnscsc ylhk ylhk `c`u`uo `c`u`uocc niaf niaf paslch paslchk k `cicfl `cicfltt `lrc `lrc jarjlk jarjlklc lc su`ut su`ut plh`lhk. $) 7ahklhlicsc 7ahklhlicscss pragarahsc pragarahsc oflilylo oflilylo slslrlh. slslrlh. 7ahkat 7ahkatlfu lfucc pnscsc pnscsc ylhk ylhk `coafa `coafah`lo h`locc niaf niaf oflily oflilylo lo slslrl slslrlh h tarfl`l tarfl`lp p sultu sultu prn`uo tartahtu. ) 7ahaht 7ahahtuolh uolh pnscs pnscscc earao earao prn`uo prn`uo sah`crc sah`crc.. Rahahtulh pnscsc earao ylhk lolh octl duli flrus eaepartcejlhkolh fli-fli sajlklc jarcout * lhlicscs aonhnec, onecteah tarfl`lp sakeah plslr, dlhklh eahkl`lolh parujlflh ylhk pahtchk, partcejlhkolh scejni-scejni prn`uo. M) !outc !outc paroae paroaejlhk jlhklh lh pnscsc pnscsc.. amlrl jarsaolil pnscsc prn`uo flrus `ctchdlu `lh `chcilc oaejlic lplolf elscf mnmno `ahklh oal`llh. a. 7aecic 7aecicf f 7a`c 7a`cll Rrne Rrnensc nsc Oasafl Oasafltlh tlh.. Raecicflh ea`cl l`lilf dljlrlh sliurlh ylhk lolh `ckuhlolh uhtuo eahyleplcolh paslh pl`l oflilylo slslrlh. 4lhk 4lhk pariu `cparfltcolh `c schc l`lilf * +) Raecic Raecicflh flh ea`cl `c`lslr `c`lslrolh olh pl`l saiarl saiarl oflilyl oflilylo o slslrl slslrlh, h, juolh pl`l saiarl saiarl pahkainil prnkrle. ") 7a`cl ylhk `dpcicf `dpcicf flrus eaejarcolh eaejarcolh `leplo `leplo ylhk iuls. ) atclp atclp ea`cl ea`cl lolh lolh eaepuhyl eaepuhylcc parlhlh parlhlh ylhk jarja`l. jarja`l. $) Rahkkuh Rahkkuhllh llh jajarlpl jajarlpl ea`cl ea`cl samlrl samlrl saraepl saraeplo o `lh tarpl`u tarpl`u lolh eahchk eahchkolt oltolh olh mlouplh, graouahsc `lh agaotcgctls paslh (@5RO5 !, "##M). F, 6lhkolf-6lhkolf Railoslhllh Rrnensc Oasafltlh <0
6lhkolf-ilhkolf pailoslhlllh prnensc oasafltlh `cja`lolh ltls `ul oainepno, ylctu (+) ilhkolf-ilhkolf prnensc oasafltlh `c Rusoasels, `lh (") ilhkolf-ilhkolf prnensc oasafltlh `c elsylrlolt. +. 6lhkolf 6lhkolf-i -ilhko lhkolf lf prnensc prnensc oasaf oasafltl ltlh h `c Rusoasel Rusoaselss Railoslhllh prnensc oasafltlh `c Rusoasels pl`l `lslrhyl l`lilf paharlplh strltakc prnensc oasafltlh, ylctu paejar`lyllh, jchl sulslhl, `lh l`&nolsc `c tltlhlh slrlhl oasaflt oasafltlh, lh, ofusus ofusushyl hyl Rusoas Rusoasels els.. 'iaf 'iaf olrahl olrahl ctu, ctu, ilhkolf ilhkolf lwlihyl lwlihyl l`lilf l`lilf jarupl jarupl pahkkarlolh `lh pahknrklhcslsclh uhtuo eaejar`lylolh plrl patukls Rusoasels lklr elepu elepu eahkc` eahkc`ahtc ahtcgco gcolsc lsc elslil elslilf-e f-elsl lslilf ilf oasaflt oasafltlh lh ylhk ylhk `cslh` `cslh`lhk lhk plscah plscah;oi ;oicah cah Rusoas Rusoasel elss `lh `lh eahy eahyus usuh uh rahml rahmlhl hl uhtu uhtuo o eahlh eahlhkk kkui uilh lhkc kchy hyll `lrc `lrc scsc scsc prne prnens nscc oasafltlh. atailf ctu, jlruilf `ciloslhlolh prnensc oasafltlh sasulc `ahklh paiulhk paiulhk ylhk l`l, ylctu paiulhkpaiulhk `c `lile ka`uhk Rusoasels `lh paiulhk paiulhk `c iulr ka`uhk Rusoasels. Rusoasels earuplolh uhct pailoslhl taohcs `lrc `chls oasafltlh oljupltah;ontl . 'iaf olrahl ctu, oajarflscilh pailoslhllh prnensc oasaf oasaflt ltlh lh `c Ruso Rusoas asel elss dukl dukl earu earuplo plolh lh tlhkk tlhkkuhk uhk dlwl dlwlj j `lrc `lrc `chl `chlss oasa oasaflt fltlh lh oljuplt oljupltah; ah;ont ontl. l. @ahklh @ahklh `aecoc `aecoclh, lh, slhklt slhklt `cpari `cpariuolh uolh oatari oataricjlt cjltlh lh `chls `chls oasafl oasafltlh tlh oljupltah;ontl `lile pailoslhllh prnensc oasafltlh `c Rusoasels, ofusushyl `lile ilhkolf ilhkolf pahkkar pahkkarlolh lolh `lh pahknrk pahknrklhc lhcsls slsclh clh uhtuo uhtuo eaejar` eaejar`lyl lylolh olh plrl plrl patukls patukls Rusoasels. Rusoasels. Ratukls Rusoasels Rusoasels flrus eah`lplt eah`lplt pah`lepchklh pah`lepchklh niaf glscictlt glscictltnr nr `lrc `chls oasafltlh oljupltah;ontl lklr elepu eailoslhlolh* (+) Rahkahlilh Onh`csc Rusoas Rusoasel els, s, (") (") !`aht !`ahtcg cgco cols lscc 7lsli 7lslilf lf Oasa Oasafl fltl tlh h `lh R/ R/ `c Ruso Rusoas asel els, s, () () 7usylwlrlf Oardl, ($) Rarahmlhllh Rlrtcscpltcg, () Railoslhllh Oakcltlh `lh (M) Raejchllh Oaiastlrclh. +) Rahkahl Rahkahlilh ilh Onh`cs Onh`cscc 7lsy 7lsylrl lrlolt olt Rahkahlilh onh`csc chstctusc oasafltlh uhtuo eaeparniaf `ltl `lh chgnrelsc tahtlhk R/ R/ `c Rusoas Rusoasels els tarsaj tarsajut, ut, sajlklc sajlklc `ltl `ltl `lslr `lslr (jlsai (jlsaicha cha `ltl). `ltl). 4lhk `ckuhlo `ckuhlolh lh sajlklc stlh`lr l`lilf parsylrltlh Rusoasels ylhk ar-R/ (0 ch`coltnr prnosc). Rahkahlilh onh`csc Rusoasels chc `cilouolh niaf glscictltnr `ahklh `uouhklh `lrc Oaplil Oaplil `lh saiuru saiuruf f patukl patuklss Rusoas Rusoasels els.. Rahkahl Rahkahlilh ilh onh`cs onh`cscc Rusoas Rusoasels els `cilou `cilouolh olh eailiuc pahkleltlh (njsar&lsc), pahkkuhllh `lgtlr parcosl (mfamo icst), wlwlhmlrl, paearcosllh ilplhklh ltlu pahkoldclh tarfl`lp `noueah-`noueah ylhk l`l.
<1
") !`ahtcgcol !`ahtcgcolsc sc 7lslilf 7lslilf Oasafltlh Oasafltlh `lh `lh R/ `c Rusoasels Rusoasels Rahkahlilh onh`csc Rusoasels `cilhdutolh `ahklh c`ahtcgcolsc elslilf, ylctu elslilfelslilf oasafltlh ylhk sllt chc `c`arctl niaf plscah;pahkuhduhk `lh elslilf-elslilf oasafltlh ylhk euhkoch lolh tardl`c (pntahscli tardl`c) dcol tc`lo `clejci tch`lolh pahmaklflh. 7lslilf-elslilf oasafltlh ylhk su`lf `cc`ahtcgcolsc oaeu`clh `curutolh jar`lslrolh prcnrctls uhtuo pahlhklhlhhyl. ) 7usy 7usylw lwlr lrlf lf Oard Oardll 7usy 7usylw lwlr lrlf lf
Oard Oardll
ylhk ylhk
`cco `ccout utcc
niaf niaf
saiu saiuru ruf f
patu patukl kls; s;ol olry rylw lwlh lhRu Ruso soas asel els, s,
`csaiahkklrlolh sajlklc tch`lo ilhdut ur&lc 7lwls @crc, safchkkl elscf eahdl`c tukls glscictltnr uhtuo eahklwlihyl. $) Rarahml Rarahmlhllh hllh Rlrtc Rlrtcscp scpltc ltcg g atailf `cparniafhyl oasaploltlh, glscictltnr eahkl`lolh partaeulh-partaeulh samlrl chtahscg `ahklh patukls oasafltlh kuhl eahyusuh rahmlhl paejar`lyllh plscah `lile tukls elschkelschk. Raejultlh rahmlhl `ahklh eahkkuhlolh tljai jarcout*
@c iulr ctu, glscictltn glscictltnrr dukl eahyusuh eahyusuh rahmlhl jchl sulslhl sulslhl ylhk lolh `cilouolhhyl `cilouolhhyl `c Ruso Rusoas asel els, s, jlco jlco `ahk `ahklh lh pael paelhg hgll lltl tlh h
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akarl satailf ctu, oakcltlh-oakc oakcltlh-oakcltlh ltlh ylhk tc`lo eaeariuolh eaeariuolh jclyl nparlscnhli nparlscnhli sapartc sapartc paejar`lyllh plscah;pahkuhduhk `lh l`&nolsc `lplt `ciloslhlolh. a`lhkolh oakclt oakcltlhlh-oakc oakcltl ltlh h ilch ilch ylhk ylhk eaeari eaeariuolh uolh `lhl `cilou `cilouolh olh dcol dcol su`lf su`lf tarsa` tarsa`cl cl `lhl, `lhl, lplolf ctu `lhl `lrc Rusoasels, `lrc pcflo `nhltur ltlu `lrc paearchtlf. Raejchllh R/ `c Rusoasels `ciloslhlolh `ahklh paejar`lyllh, ylhk `c`uouhk niaf jchl sulslhl `lh l`&nolsc. ". 6lhkolf 6lhkolf Rrne Rrnensc nsc Oasa Oasaflt fltlh lh @c 7lsy 7lsylrl lrlolt olt 6lhkolf-ilhk 6lhkolf-ilhkolf olf prnensc prnensc oasafltlh oasafltlh `c elsylrlolt elsylrlolt eahmloup* (+) Rahkahlilh Rahkahlilh Onh`csc Onh`csc cilylf, cilylf, (") !`ahtcgcolsc 7lslilf Oasafltlh, () ur&lc 7lwls @crc, ($) 7usylwlrlf @asl ltlu Oaiurlflh, () Rarahmlhllh Rlrtcscpltcg, (M) Railoslhllh Oakcltlh `lh (A) Raejchllh Oaiastlrclh. +) Rahkahl Rahkahlilh ilh Onh`cs Onh`cscc ci cilylf lylf Rahkahlilh onh`csc wcilylf `cilouolh niaf glscictltnr `lh patukls Rusoasels `ahklh eahkoldc `ltl Rrngci @asl ltlu Rrngci Oaiurlflh `lh flsci lhlicscs sctulsc paroaejlhklh `asl;o `asl;oaiu aiurlf rlflh. lh. @ltl @ltl `lslr `lslr ylhk pariu pariu `coldc `coldc jarolc jarolctlh tlh `ahklh `ahklh pahkahl pahkahlilh ilh onh`cs onh`cscc wcilylf l`lilf * @ltl kankrlgc `lh `aenkrlgc (dueilf :;, :chkolt pah`c`colh, 3ueilf `asl, wcilylf `sj), @ltl Oasafltlh (3ueilf oaeltclh jlyc, dueilf cju fleci, eahyusuc `lh jarslich, dueilf pahyloct !R%, :> `sj), ") ur& ur&ac ac 7lw 7lwls ls @cr @crcc ajlk ajlklc lc ilhk ilhkolf olf partl partlel el `lil `lile e uplyl uplyl eaej eaejch chll parlh parlh sart sartll elsy elsylrl lrlol olt, t, pari pariu u `csaiahkklrlolh ur&lc 7lwls @crc, ylctu sajulf sur&lc sa`arflhl niaf plrl paeuol elsylrlolt `lh parlhkolt `asl;oaiurlflh, ylhk `cjcejchk niaf glscictltnr `lh patukls Rusoasels. ailch uhtuo eah`ltl uilhk elslilf oasafltlh, eah`clkhnscs pahyajljhyl `lrc sakc parcilou `lh eahkklic iltlr jailolhk parcilou elsylrlolt, sur&lc chc dukl jarelhgllt uhtuo eahmcptlolh oasl`lrlh `lh oapa`uiclh plrl paeuol elsylrlolt tarfl`l tarfl`lp p oasaflt oasafltlh lh elsylrlo elsylrlolt lt `asl;o `asl;oaiu aiurlf rlflh, lh, ofusus ofusushyl hyl `lrc `lrc sakc sakc R/. R/. @lile @lile sur&lc chc lolh `cc`ahtcgcolsc `lh `crueusolh jarslel fli-fli sapartc* 7lslilf-elslilf oasafltlh ylhk elscf `c`arctl;`cfl`lpc `lh euhkoch (pntahscli) `cfl`lpc elsylrlolt <;
sartl urutlh prcnrctls pahlhklhlhhyl, /li-fli ylhk eahyajljolh tardl`chyl elslilfelslilf oasafltlh, jlco `lrc scsc taohcs oasafltlh elupuh `lrc scsc parcilou elsylrlolt. @lrc @lrc scsc scsc parcil parcilou, ou, satclp satclp parcil parcilou ou `cklic `cklic glotnr glotnr-g -glot lotnr nr ylhk eahdl` eahdl`cc iltlr iltlr jailol jailolhk hk tcejuihyl parcilou tarsajut. ) 7uswlr 7uswlrlf lf @asl;O @asl;Oaiur aiurlfl lflh h 7usylwlrlf @asl;Oaiurlflh `csaiahkklrlolh sajlklc tch`lo ilhdut ur&lc 7lwls @crc, safchkkl safchkkl elscf elscf eahdl`c eahdl`c tukls glscictltnr glscictltnr `lh patukls patukls Rusoasels Rusoasels uhtuo eahklwlihyl. eahklwlihyl. 7usylwlrlf @asl;Oaiurlflh jartudulh* •
7ahy 7ahyns nscl clic icsl slsc scol olh h
taht tahtlh lhk k
l`lh l`lhyl yl
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•
`c`arctl;`cfl`lpc elsylrlolt. 7ahmlplc oasaploltlh tahtlhk urutlh prcnrctls elslilf elslilf oasafltlh ylhk fah`lo
•
`ctlhklhc. 7ahm 7ahmlpl lplcc oasa oasapl plol oltl tlh h taht tahtlh lhk k
•
`clotcgolh oaejlic. 7ae 7aelhtl lhtlpo polh lh `lt `ltl;c l;chgnr hgnre elsc lsc
pnt pntahs ahsc
`as `asl
ltlu ltlu
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pnt pntahs ahsc
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elsc elscf f
sar sartl
•
jlhtulh;`uouhklh ylhk `cpariuolh `lh litarhltcg suejar jlhtulh;`uouhklh tarsajut. 7ahkklilhk saelhklt `lh plrtcscplsc wlrkl `asl ltlu oaiurlflh uhtuo eah`uouhk
•
pahkaejlhklh oasafltlh elsylrlolt `asl;oaiurlflh. 7usylwlrlf @asl;Oaiurlflh `clofcrc `ahklh `cjahtuohyl ?nrue @asl, ylctu sajulf iaejlkl iaejlkl oaelsylrlolt oaelsylrloltlh lh `c elhl plrl paeuol elsylrlolt `asl;oaiurlflh `asl;oaiurlflh jarouepui samlrl rutch uhtuo eaejlfls paroaejlhklh `lh pahkaejlhklh oasafltlh elsylrlolt
•
`asl;oaiurlflh. @lrc sakc R/, 7usylwlrlf @asl;Oaiurlflh jartudulh uhtuo eahdl`colh elsylrlolt `asl;oaiurl `asl;oaiurlflh flh eahyl`lrc eahyl`lrc l`lhyl sadueilf sadueilf parcilou parcilou ylhk eahyajljolh eahyajljolh tardl`chyl tardl`chyl jarjlklc elslilf oasafltlh ylhk sllt chc `lh ylhk euhkoch (pntahscli) earaol fl`lpc. $) Rar Rarahml ahmlhl hllh lh atai atailf lf `cpar `cparni niaf afhyl hyl oasa oasapl plolt oltlh lh `lrc `lrc wlrk wlrkll `asl `asl ltlu ltlu oaiur oaiurlf lflh lh,, ?nru ?nrue e @asl @asl eahk eahkl` l`lo lolh lh
part partae aeul ulhh-pa part rtae aeul ulh h
saml samlrl rl
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pahkaejlhklh oasafltlh elsylrlolt `asl;oaiurlflh uhtuo `celsuoolh oa `lile ahmlhl Raejlhkuhlh @asl;Oaiurlflh
<6
) Rail Railos oslhl lhl Oakc Oakclt ltlh lh ajlklc ajlklc ilhkolf ilhkolf partle partlell `lile `lile pailos pailoslhll lhllh h oakcltl oakcltlh h prnensc prnensc oasaflt oasafltlh, lh, patukls patukls Rusoasels `lh glscictltnr eahkldlo ?nrue @asl earaorut ltlu eaelhkkci oaejlic ol`ar-ol`ar oasafltlh ylhk l`l. ailch ctu, dukl uhtuo eahkuplylolh sa`coct `lhl (`lhl (`lhl `asl;o `asl;oaiu aiurlf rlflh lh ltlu ltlu swl`ly swl`lyll elsylrl elsylrlolt olt)) kuhl oapari oapariulh ulh pailtc pailtcflh flh ol`ar ol`ar oasaf oasaflt ltlh. lh. ail ailhdu hduthy thyl, l, pailt pailtcf cflh lh ol`ar ol`ar oasaf oasaflt ltlh lh niaf niaf glsc glscic ictl tltn tnrr `lh `lh patu patukl klss Rusoasels `lplt `ciloslhlolh. akarl satailf ctu, oakcltlh-oakcltlh ylhk tc`lo eaeariuolh jclyl nparlscnhli sapartc pahyuiuflh `lh l`&nolsc `lplt `ciloslhlolh. a`lhkolh oakcltlh-oakcltlh ilch ylhk eaeariuolh `lhl `cilouolh dcol su`lf tarsa`cl `lhl, lplolf ctu `lhl `lrc swl`lyl elsylrlolt, `lrc `nhltur (ecslihyl pahkuslfl), ltlu `lrc paearchtlf, tarelsuo `lrc `asl ;oaiurlflh. Rrnensc oasafltlh `ciloslhlolh `ahklh paejar`lyllh oaiulrkl eailiuc @lslwcsel, ylhk `c`uouhk niaf jchl sulslhl `lh l`&nolsc. M) 5&liul 5&liulsc sc `lh `lh Raejchl Raejchllh lh Oaiast Oaiastlrc lrclh lh 5&liuls 5&liulscc `lh paejch paejchllh llh oaiast oaiastlrc lrclh lh earupl earuplolh olh tukls tukls `lrc `lrc Oaplil Oaplil @asl;6 @asl;6urlf urlf `lh parlhkolt `asl;oaiurlflh `ahklh `uouhklh `lrc jarjlklc pcflo, utlelhyl paearchtlf `larlf `larlf `lh paearc paearchtlf htlf.. Oafl`cr Oafl`crlh lh glscic glscictlt tltnr nr `c `asl `asl `lh oaiurl oaiurlflh flh su`lf su`lf slhklt slhklt echcel echceli, i, olrahl olrahl parlhhy parlhhyll su`lf su`lf `lplt `lplt sapahu sapahufhy fhyll `cklhtc `cklhtcolh olh niaf niaf ol`ar ol`ar ol`ar ol`ar oasafltlh, `ahklh supar&csc `lrc Rusoasels. Rar Rarahml ahmlhl hllh lh
plr plrtcs tcscplt cpltccg
`lil `lile e
rlhk rlhkol ol
pae paejchl jchllh lh
oas oasaflt afltlh lh
elsy elsylr lrlo lolt lt
`asl; `asl;oa oaiu iurl rlfl flh, h, su`lf su`lf jard jardli lilh lh jlco jlco `lh `lh rutc rutch h sart sartll tarc tarcht htakr akrls lscc `lil `lile e prns prnsas as parahmlhllh paejlhkuhlh `asl ltlu oaiurlflh `lh eaolhcsea 7usrahjlhk. Oaectrllh `lh `uouhklh suejar `lyl sartl slrlhl `lrc pcflo `c iulr paearchtlf dukl su`lf su`lf tarkli tarklilhk lhk `ahklh `ahklh jlco jlco `lh eaiaejl eaiaejlkl. kl. Rl`l Rl`l tlflp tlflp chc, chc, sailch sailch partae partaeulhulh partaeulh jarolil sartl oursusoursus pahyaklr jlkc plrl ol`ar oasafltlh, dukl `coaejlhkolh mlrl-mlrl ilch uhtuo eaeaicflrl `lh eahchkoltolh pahkatlfulh `lh oatarlepcilh plrl ol`ar tarsajut. <3
Raejchllh Raejchllh oaiastlrcl oaiastlrclh h dukl `ciloslhlolh `ciloslhlolh tarchtakrl tarchtakrlsc sc `ahklh pahyaiahkklrll pahyaiahkklrllh h 6nejl @asl `lh Oaiurlflh ylhk `csaiahkklrlolh satclp tlfuh samlrl jardahdlhk sadlo `lrc tchkolt `asl;oaiurlflh sleplc oa tchkolt hlscnhli. @lile rlhkol paejchllh oaiastlrclh dukl `csaiahkklrlolh pahmltltlh `lh pailpnrlh paroaejlhklh oasafltlh elsylrlolt `asl;oaiurlflh, tarelsuo R/ `c uelf :lhkkl :lhkkl,, ylhk ylhk jardli jardlilh lh samlrl samlrl jardah jardahdlh dlhk k `lh tarcht tarchtakr akrlsc lsc `ahklh `ahklh cstae cstae !hgnre !hgnrelsc lsc Raejlhkuhlh @asl ylhk `csaiahkklrlolh niaf Oaeahtarclh @lile 8akarc.
:2
nh$nf Rrn/nsc Oasafl$lh Rarcil-u Eahc-l$ )c"c =lh" +lc- `lh +ahlr
7ahycolt 7ahycolt l`lilf l`lilf sultu sultu tch`lo tch`lolh lh ylhk ylhk `cilouo `cilouolh lh uhtuo uhtuo eaejar eaejarscf scfolh olh kckc kckc `ahklh `ahklh eahkkuhlolh scolt kckc `lh plstl `lh plstl kckc ylhk eahklh`uhk giunrc`a. 7ahycolt 7ahycolt kckc jartudulh jartudulh uhtuo eaejarscfolh kckc `lrc scsl elolhlh, eahmaklf `lh eaejarscfolh pilo, eaejarscfolh pawlrhllh ylhk eahaepai pl`l pareuollh kckc, eahklpicolscolh plstl kckc ylhk eahklh`uhk giunr pl`l kckc sartl eaecdlt kusc.
?lotnr-glotnr ylhk flrus `cparfltcolh `lile eahycolt kckc ylctu * +. aht ahtuo uo sco scolt lt kckc kckc ylhk ylhk jlc jlco. o. ahtuo scolt kckc ylhk jlco uhtuo `ckuhlolh l`lilf juiu scolt kckc iaejut `lh `ltlr sartl oaplil scolt kckc rlepchk, safchkkl eu`lf eahmlplc `larlf plichk jailolhk. uiu scolt kckc ylhk oarls `lplt earusloolh kckc `lh kusc, sa`lhkolh oaplil scolt kckc ylhk iajlr lolh suict eahdlhkolu `larlf plichk jailolhk.
". ?raoua ?raouahsc hsc eahy eahycolt colt kckc kckc `lile `lile saflr saflrc. c. 7ahycolt kckc sajlcohyl `cilouolh samlrl tarltur " olic saflrc ylctu plkc sasu`lf elolh `lh elile sajaiue tc`ur eahkkuhlolh plstl kckc jargiunrc`a `ahklh taolhlh ylhk rchklh `lh `lh karl karlol olh h ylhk ylhk iaej iaejut ut.. Rlstl Rlstl kckc kckc jarpar jarparlh lh pahtc pahtchk hk `lile `lile
eaejar eaejarsc scfo folh lh
`lh
eaich`uhkc kckc `lrc oaruslolh olrahl plstl kckc eahklh`uhk giunrc`a. Rahkkuhllh plstl kckc tc`lo tc`lo pariu jariajcflh jariajcflh olrahl ylhk ylhk tarpahtchk `lile eaejarscfolh kckc l`lilf mlrl eahycolt kckc.
. >lrl >lrl eahyc eahycolt olt kckc kckc ylhk ylhk jahlr jahlr..
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7ahycolt kckc ylhk jahlr flrus `lplt eaejarscfolh saeul pareuollh kckc lklr jajls `lrc `lrc pilo. pilo. 7ahycol 7ahycoltt kckc kckc ylhk ylhk tarili tariliu u maplt maplt tc`lo tc`lo lolh lolh agaotc agaotcgg eaejar eaejarscf scfolh olh pilo. pilo. 7ahy 7ahyco colt lt kckc kckc `ahk `ahklh lh taolhlh taolhlh ylhk rchklh rchklh `lh karlol karlolh h ylhk ylhk iaejut iaejut su`lf `lplt eaejarscfolh pilo olrahl pilo flhyl ilpcslh iuhlo. 7ahycolt kckc `ahklh taolh tariliu oult `lh karlolh ylhk maplt lolh earusloolh kckc `lh kusc. 7ahycolt kckc ylhk taplt `cjutufolh wlotu echceli " eahct. aeul pareuollh kckc flrus `cscolt sajlhylo -+# olic karlolh `ahklh mlrl sajlklc jarcout * l. Rareuo Rareuollh llh kckc kckc ylhk eahkfl` eahkfl`lp lp oa jcjcr `lh pcpc pcpc uhtuo rlflhk rlflhk ltls ltls `cscolt `cscolt `ahklh `ahklh karlolh salrlf oa jlwlf `lh rlflhk jlwlf `ahklh karlolh salrlf oa ltls.
j. Rareuollh kckc jailolhk rlflhk ltls ylhk eahkfl`lp oa o a ilhkct-ilhkct `cscolt `ahklh karlolh salrlf oa jlwlf.
m. Rareuo Rareuollh llh kckc `aplh `aplh rlflhk rlflhk ltls ylhk eahkfl`lp eahkfl`lp oa ilhkct-i ilhkct-ilhkc lhkctt `cscolt `cscolt `ahklh `ahklh karlolh eahlrco oa jlwlf.
`. Rare Rareuol uollh lh kckc kckc jailo jailolh lhk k rlfl rlflhk hk jlwl jlwlf f ylhk ylhk eahkf eahkfl` l`lp lp oa ic`lf ic`lf `cscol `cscoltt `ahkl `ahklh h karlolh salrlf oa ltls.
a. Rareuollh Rareuollh kckc kckc `aplh rlflhk jlwlf ylhk ylhk eahkfl`lp eahkfl`lp oa ic`lf ic`lf `cscolt `cscolt `ahklh karlolh eahlrco oa ltls.
g. aeu aeull `ltl `ltlrl rlh h pahku pahkuhy hylf lf pl`l pl`l kckc rlflhk rlflhk ltls ltls `lh rlflh rlflhk k jlwlf jlwlf `cscol `cscoltt `ahkl `ahklh h karlolh eldu euh`ur. ::
$. >lrl >lrl eaeaicf eaeaicflrl lrl scolt scolt kckc kckc satail satailf f `ckuhlol `ckuhlolh. h. Oajarscflh Oajarscflh scolt kckc kckc flrus `cparfltcolh olra olrahl hl scolt kckc l`lilf slilf sltu suejar eahaepaihyl jlotarc. >lrl paeaicflrllh scolt kckc ylhk jlco satailf `ckuhlolh l`lilf `cmumc jarscf jarscf `lh `csceplh `csceplh `c taeplt ylhk oarchk oarchk `ahklh oaplil scolt kckc eahkfl`lp oa ltls lklr juiu scolt kckc maplt oarchk olrahl jlotarc slhklt eahyuolc taeplt ylhk iaejlj. 9lhtcolh scolt kckc -$ juilh saolic ltlu dcol juiu scolt kckc su`lf ruslo. colt kckc ylhk tarili tariliu u ilel ilel tc`lo tc`lo `cklht `cklhtcc `lplt `lplt eahdl` eahdl`cc taeplt taeplt jaroae jaroaejlhk jlhkjcl jclohy ohyll jlotarc jlotarc.. %pljcil %pljcil oaruslo oaruslolh lh scolt scolt kckc tard tardl` l`cc sajaiue jaruscl jaruscl juilh earuplolh tlh`l jlfwl octl eahycolt kckc `ahklh taolhlh tariliu oult.
L, Rarsc arscl# l#lh lh
/li ylhk pariu `cparsclpolh `lile prnensc uhtuo eahchkoltolh pahkatlfulh `lh parcilou elsylrlolt tahtlhk eahycolt kckc ylhk jlco `lh jahlr l`lilf * +. %`&nols %`&nolscc oapl` oapl`ll pcflopcflo-pcf pcflo lo taro tarolct lct l. @chls @chls Oasa Oasafl fltl tlh h Ontl Ontl Ouplh Ouplhk k @chls Oasafltlh Ontl Ouplhk lklr `lplt eaejlhtu eaeparjlhylo ea`cl prnensc ylhk su`lf `cparsclpolh lklr `lplt eahdlhkolu iajcf jlhylo scswl;! ylhk eaicflt `lh eaejlml eaejlml,, safchk safchkkl kl tardl`c tardl`c pahchkol pahchkoltlh tlh pahkatl pahkatlfulh fulh `lh parci parcilou lou `lile `lile eahycolt kckc samlrl jlco `lh jahlr. j. @chls Rah`c`colh 8lscnhli Ontl Ouplhk @lplt @lplt eaelsu eaelsuolh olh eltarc eltarc oasaflt oasafltlh lh kckc kckc `lh euiut euiut `clhtl `clhtlrlhy rlhyll tahtlh tahtlhk k mlrl mlrl eahycolt kckc ylhk jlco `lh jahlr oa`lile ourcouiue saonilf. m. aon aoniilf @lsl @lslrr Rcflo Rcflo saonil saonilf f `lslr `lslr ofusush ofusushyl yl kuru-k kuru-kuru uru lklr lklr `lplt `lplt eaejlht eaejlhtu u eahklr eahklrlfol lfolh h oapl`l saiuruf scswl;! tahtlhk tudulh `lh elhgllt `lrc ea`cl ylhk `cjarcolh uhtuo `cicfl `cicfltt `lh `cjlml `cjlml,, safchk safchkkl kl tardl`c tardl`c pahchkol pahchkoltlh tlh pahkat pahkatlful lfulh h `lh parujl parujlflh flh parcilou `lile eahycolt kckc samlrl jlco `lh jahlr. ". :ahlkl
:=
Ratukls oasafltlh kckc ylhk jartukls uhtuo eaejarcolh prnensc`lh eaelslhk ea`cl prnensc `csaonilf-saonilf `lslr. . 7a`cl 7a`cl ylhk `cparsclpolh `lh `ckuhlolh `lile prnensc chc l`lilf eahkkuhlolh pnstar ylhk jarcsc klejlr-klejlr `lh patuhduo schkolt tahtlhk ilhkolf-ilhkolf eahycolt kckc samlrl jlco `lh jahlr. $. :aeplt 7a`cl 7a`cl ylhk ylhk tailf tailf `cpars `cparsclp clpolh olh (pnsta (pnstar), r), sailhd sailhduthy uthyll `c plslhk plslhk pl`l taeplt taeplt ylhk ylhk strltakcs `c saiuruf saonilf `lslr `c Ontl Ouplhk, safchkkl eu`lf uhtuo `cicflt `lh `cjlml niaf saiuruf scswl;!, safchkkl tardl`c pahchkoltlh pahkatlfulh `lh parujlflh parcilou `lile eahycolt kckc samlrl jlco `lh jahlr. +, Rail Rail-s -slh lhll llh h +. Ratukls Ratukls oasafltlh oasafltlh kckc eaechtl eaechtl jajarlpl jajarlpl scswl; scswl;!! uhtuo eaeparlkl eaeparlklolh olh mlrl eahycolt eahycolt
kckc kckc ylhk ylhk jcls jclslh lhyl yl `cil `cilou ouol olh h `cru `crue elf eahk eahkku kuhl hlol olh h lilt lilt parl parlkl kl ylhk ylhk su`l su`lf f `cparsclpolh (en`ai kckc `lh scolt kckc). ". Ratukls Ratukls oasafltlh oasafltlh kckc eaejarcolh eaejarcolh prnensc prnenscoapl`l oapl`l scswl;! scswl;! tahtlhk tahtlhk mlrl mlrl eahycolt eahycolt kckc samlrl jlco `lh jahlr eahkkuhlolh lilt parlkl (en`ai kckc `lh scolt kckc). . Ratukl Ratuklss oasafl oasafltlh tlh kckc eaelsl eaelslhk hk pnstar pnstar ylhk su`lf `cparsc `cparsclpol lpolh h pl`l pl`l taeplt taeplt ylhk strltakcs. $. Ratukl Ratuklss oasaflt oasafltlh lh eahkch eahkchstr struos uoscol colh h oapl`l oapl`l scswl; scswl;!! lklr lklr `lplt `lplt eaicfl eaicfltt pnstar pnstar ylhk tailf `cplslhk. , A0liu 0liuls lscc 5&li 5&liul ulsc sc prnk prnkrl rle e prne prnens nscc chc chc `cil `cilou ouolh olh uhtuo uhtuo eahc eahcil ilcc flsc flscii ylhk ylhk `cml `cmlplc plc `cjl `cjlh`c h`chk hkolh olh `ahk `ahklh lh suej suejar ar `lyl `lyl (chp (chput ut)) ylhk ylhk `ckuh `ckuhlo lolh. lh. 5&li 5&liuls ulscc earu earupl plolh olh sarlhkolclh oakcltlh uhtuo eaejlh`chkolh ralicslsc elsuolh (chput), pahmlplclh oaiulrlh (nutput) `lh `leplo (nutmnea) `ahklh stlh`lr ltlu ch`coltnr ylhk `crahmlhlolh. /lsci a&liuls a&liulscc `lplt `lplt eaejar eaejarcol colh h klejlr klejlrlh lh sadluf sadluf elhl elhl prnkrl prnkrle e prnens prnenscc oasaflt oasafltlh lh kckc kckc eahmlp eahmlplc lc tudulhhy tudulhhyl. l. ailch ailch ctu, ctu, flsci flsci a&liul a&liulsc sc chc `lplt `lplt earuplo earuplolh lh ueplh ueplh jlico jlico ltlu ltlu elsuolh uhtuo parjlcolh ltlu pahchkoltlh prnkrle. 5&liulsc eahmloup aeplt fli ylohc * l. %pl %pl ylh ylhk k `c `c a&l a&liu iuls lscc /li ylhk pariu `c a&liulsc l`lilf BnutputL `lh BnutmneaL. j. >lrl a&liulsc 7aejlh`chkolh BnutputL ylhk `crahmlhlolh `ahklh BnutputL ylhk `cmlplc. • 7aejlh`chkolh BnutmneaL ylhk `crahmlhlolh `ahklh BnutmneaL ylhk `cmlplc. • m. Rail Railos oslh lhll a&l a&liu iuls lscc :0
5&liulsc `lplt `cilouolh samlrl * !htarhli * Oaplil aonilf ltlu 9uru ylhk `cjarc wawahlhk. • 5ostarhli 5ostarhli * Oaplil Rusoasels, Rusoasels, :ce Raejchl Raejchl Rrnkrle Rrnkrle Rrnensc Rrnensc Oasafltlh Oasafltlh 9ckc • tchkolt Oamleltlh, Oljupltah ltlu Rrn&chsc.
`. lotu otu a&li a&liul ulsc sc
+L+ CCC RAH&P&R
L, OA OA]C ]CER ER&I &ILH LH
%pntaoar sajlklc jlkclh `lrc tahlkl oasafltlh eaepuhylc parlhlh pahtchk `lile `lile prnens prnenscc oasafl oasafltlh tlh `ahklh `ahklh tudulh tudulh eahkujlf eahkujlf parcilou elsylrlo elsylrlolt lt oa lrlf parcilou saflt safchkkl tarmlplc `arldlt oasafltlh elsylrlolt ylhk nptceli. trltakc prnensc oasafltlh ylhk `lplt `clouolh `clhtlrlhyl l`lilf `ahklh `cilouolhyl (+) paejar`lyllh, ylhk `c`uouhk niaf (") jchl sulslhl `lh () l`&nolsc, sartl `cilh`lsc niaf saelhklt ($) oaectrllh. @cflrlpolh eailiuc prnensc oasafltlh ylhk `cilouolh `lplt eahchkoltolh pahkatlfulh `lh oasafltlh elsylrlolt. :1
. %%8 Rrnens Rrnenscc oasafl oasafltlh tlh ylhk ylhk `cilouo `cilouolh lh lpntaoa lpntaoarr `lplt `lplt `cilouo `cilouolh lh samlrl samlrl jaroli jarolill safchkkl elsylrlolt `lplt eahkatlfuc chgnrelsc oasafltlh ylhk tarjlru. ailch ctu, prnensc oasafltlh ylhk `cilouolh `lplt jaroniljnrlsc `ahklh tahlkl oasafltlh ilch. Rrnensc Rrnensc oasaflt oasafltlh lh dukl `lplt `lplt eaicjl eaicjltol tolh h nrklhc nrklhcsls slsc, c, iaejlkl iaejlkl elupuh elupuh parusl paruslfllh fllh swls swlstl tl safc safchk hkkl kl iajc iajcf f elss elssli li `lh mapl mapltt `lile `lile pahya pahyajl jlrlh rlh chgn chgnre rels lscc oapl` oapl`ll elsylrlolt.
@L%PLZ R&]PLOL
@aplrtaeah Oasafltlh !., "##$, Ruslt Rrnensc Oasafltlh, Rahkaejlhklh 7a`cl Rrnensc Oasafltlh, 3lolrtl @aplrtaeah Oasafltlh !., "##0, Ruslt "##0, Ruslt Rrnensc Oasafltlh, Rlh`ulh Railtcflh Oneuhcolsc Rarujlflh Rarcilou, Rarcilou,
7lmfgna`=, !.1 urylhc, 5 1 utrcshn 1 lhtnsn, ., "##, Rah`c`colh "##, Rah`c`colh Oasafltlh Jlkclh `lrc Rrnensc Oasafltlh Oasafltlh,, ?ctrlelyl, 4nkylolrtl. 8ntnlten`dn, ., "##A, Rrnensc "##A, Rrnensc Oasafltlh `lh Cieu Rarcilou Rarcilou,, chaol >cptl, 3lolrtl. 8ntnlten`dn, .1 /lsslh, %.1 /l`c, 5. 8.1 Orclhtn, :., :., "#+", Rrnensc "#+", Rrnensc Oasafltlh @c ]aonilf, ]aonilf, chaol >cptl, 3lolrtl. /'. /'.,, +22" +22",, Rah`c`colh Oasafltlh? Ra`nelh Railylhlh Oasafltlh @lslr (tard.), (tard.), !:, lh`uhk.
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