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CHAPTER 1 Overview of project 1.1 Introduction The Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming popular with research and industries. The basic idea is that IoT will connect objects around us (electronic and electrical) to provide seamless communication and contextual services provided by them. The objective of this paper is to build Home Home automation using IoT using ESP8266 Wi-Fi module and control it wirelessly using the smart phone. The forces that are driving it and the benefits that are motivating it are increasingly numerous. The number of connected devices on the IoT network will be huge. One estimate says that the number will be nearly 40 billion, which is approximately 30 devices for each and every active social network user in the world. Smart phones have in-built Internet accessibility, so an external Wifi module along with the microcontroller unit which is NodeMCU is used for wireless communication. The Wifi module receives command from the mobile phone. So, according to the input signal, with the help of Nodemcu, relay module can be used to vary the voltage given to the loads. Loads are turned on and off with the help of rela y module.

1.2. Aim of the system: The main objective of this system is to automate the home appliances using NodeMCU board which is being controlled by an android app through internet. This reduces the manual work and reduces the power wastage.

1.3. Methodology The problems that surfaced during the project were selecting the right kind of device and interfacing these devices appropriately. The approach used was to minimize costs and complexity and at the same time not sacrifice the objectives of the project. Hardware Specifications: 

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NodeMCU Relay Module 1

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Software Specifications: Specifications: 

Arduino IDE

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Language: Embedded C or Assembly Language

1.4. Significance of the project To control the electronic devices devices through android mobile device via wifi module.

1.5. 1.5 . Organization of the project In this report, Chapter 1 deals with a brief introduction and aim of the project. Chapter 2 covers the information about Embedded systems and the block diagram of the project. Chapter 3 covers the t he information about hardware components used in t he project. Chapter 4 covers the advantages and application about the project. Chapter 5 deals with the results obtained. Chapter 6 deals with future scope. Chapter 7 deals with the references used in the project.















CHAPTER 2 Hardware Description

2.1. Introduction with Block Diagram

Fig 2.1. Block diagram

2.2. NodeMCU – ESP8266 ESP8266 2.2.1. Introduction NodeMCU is an open source development board and firmware based on the widely used ESP8266 used ESP8266 -12E WiFi module. It allows you to program the ESP8266 WiFi WiFi module with the simple and powerful LUA programming language or Arduino IDE. With just a few lines of code WiFi connection can be established and input/output pins should be defined according to user needs exactly like arduino, turning ESP8266 ESP8266 into a web server and a lot more. It is the WiFi equivalent of ethernet module. Now internet of things (IoT) real tool is implemented. With its USB-TTL , the NodeMCU Dev board supports directly flashing from USB port. It combines features of WIFI accesspoint and station + microcontroller. These features make the NodeMCU NodeMCU extremly powerful tool for for Wifi networking. networking. It can be used used as access point and/or station, host a webserver or connect to internet to fetch or upload















2.2.2. Pin Diagram

Fig 2.2. pin diagram of NodeMCU While writing GPIO code on NodeMCU, addressing cant be done with wit h actual GPIO Pin Numbers. There are different I/O Index numbers assigned to each GPIO Pin which is used for GPIO Pin addressing. Refer following Fig 2.3 to check I/O Index of NodeMCU GPIO Pins – Pins –

NodeMCU Dev Kit v1.0 pin descriptions GPIO (General Purpose Input Output) Pins: NodeMCU has general purpose input output pins on its board as shown in above pinout diagram. It can be made digital high/low and control things like LED or switch on it. Also, PWM signal on these GPIO pins can also be generate d.

ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) channel (A0):















Fig 2.3. pin specification of NodeMCU

SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) Pins: NodeMCU based ESP8266 has Hardware SPI (HSPI) with four pins available for SPI communication. It also has SPI pins for Quad-SPI communication. With this SPI interface, any SPI enabled device can be connected with NodeMCU and make















I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) Pins: Node MCU has I2C functionality support on ESP8266 GPIO pins. Due to internal functionality on ESP-12E and all its GPIOs cannot be used for I2C functionality. So, do tests before using any GPIO for I2C applications.

UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) Pins: NodeMCU based ESP8266 has two UART interfaces, UART0 and UART1. Since UART0 (RXD0 & TXD0) is used to upload firmware/codes to board, they can‟t can‟t be be used in applications while uploading firmware/codes.

2.2.3. Features 

Programable WiFi module.

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Arduino-like (software defined) hardware IO.

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Can be programmed with the simple and powerful Lua programming language or Arduino IDE.

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USB-TTL included, plug & play.

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10 GPIOs D0-D10, PWM functionality, IIC and SPI communication, 1-Wire and ADC A0 etc. all in one board.

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Wifi networking (can be used as access point and/or station, host a web server), connect to internet to fetch or upload data.

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PCB antenna.

2.2.4. Technical specifications Developer - Esp8266 Opensource Community Type - Single board microcontroller Operating System - XTOS CPU - ESP8266 Memory - 128 kilobytes Storage - 4 Megabytes Power - USB (3.3V)

2.2.5. Conclusion

















2.3.Blynk App 2.3.1.Introduction Blynk is a Platform with IOS and Android apps to control Arduino, Raspberry Pi, NodeMCU and the likes over the Internet. It's a digital dashboard where one can build a graphic interface for the project by b y simply dragging and dropping widgets. Blynk is not tied to some s ome specific board or shield. s hield. Instead, it is supporting hardware of our choice. Whether our Arduino or Raspberry Pi is linked to the Internet over Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi, Ethernet or this new ESP8266 chip, Blynk will get us online and ready for the Internet of our things.

2.3.2How Blynk Works Blynk was designed for the Internet of Things. It can control hardware remotely, remotely, it can display sensor data, it can store data, visualize it and do many other cool things. There are three major components in the platform: Blynk App – App – allows allows to create amazing interfaces for projects using various widgets that are available. Blynk Server - responsible for all the communications between the smartphone and hardware.Blynk Cloud can be used or run the private blynk server locally. It is an opensource, could easily handle thousands of devices and can even be launched on a NodeMCU. Blynk Libraries - for all the popular hardware platforms - enable communication with the server and process all the incoming and outcoming commands. Now imagine every time when the Button in the Blynk appis pressed, the message travels to the Blynk Cloud, where it magically finds its way to hardware. It works the same in the















Set of easy-to-use eas y-to-use Widgets Widgets Direct pin manipulation with no code writing Easy to integrate and add new functionality using virtual pins History data monitoring via History Graph widget Device-to-Device communication using Bridge Widget Sending emails, tweets, push notifications, etc.

Fig 2.4. Pictorial representation of connectivity of blynk app

2.3.4. What do I need to Blynk?

2.3.4.1. Hardware An Arduino, Raspberry Pi, NodeMCU or a similar development kit.Blynk works over the Internet. This means that the hardware chosen should be able to connect to the internet.















2.3.5. Procedure to interface android app with NodeMCU Create a Blynk Account After downloading the Blynk App, new Blynk account need to be created. This account is separate from the accounts used for the Blynk Forums.It is recommended to use a real email address because it will simplify things later.

Fig 2.5. Picture of creating blynk account

Create a New Project After successfully logged into account, start by creating a new project.















Give it a name.

Fig 2.7. Picture Picture of assigning project name in blynk

Choose the Hardware Select the hardware model which is used.















Auth Token It is a unique identifier which is needed to connect our hardware to our smartphone. Every new project created will have its own Auth Token. Auth Token automatically appears on email after project creation. It can also be copied manually. manually. Click on devices section :

Fig 2.9. Picture Picture of accessing Auth token token in blynk

And token will be appeared

















Create a button It‟s very convenient to send it over e -mail. Press the e-mail button and the token will be sent to the e-mail address used for registration. Token Token line can also be copied copied to the clipboard. Now clipboard. Now press the “Create” button.

Fig 2.11. Picture of creating a button in project

Add a Widget















Tap and hold the Widget to drag it to the new position. Drag-n-Drop - Tap

Widget Settings - Each Widget has it‟s own settings. Tap on the widget t o get to them.

Fig 2.13. Picture of button settings settings of a project The most important parameter to set is PIN.The list of pins reflects physical pins defined by our hardware. If LED is connected to Digital Pin 8 - t hen select D8.















Run The Project When done with the Settings - press the PLAY button. This will switch from EDIT mode to PLAY mode where one can interact with the hardware. While in PLAY mode, it will not be able to drag or set up new widgets, press STOP and get back to EDIT mode. A message saying “Arduino UNO is offline” is offline” is popped.















Upload the sketch to the board and open Serial Terminal. Wait until something like this is found: Blynk v.X.X.X Your IP is 192.168.0.11 Connecting… Blynk connected! Go back to the Blynk App, push the button and turn the LED on and off! It should be Blynking.















microcontroller and the high power circuit. The relay protects each circuit from each other. The each channel in the module has three connections named NC, COM, and NO. Depending on the input signal trigger mode, the jumper cap can be placed at high level effective mode which „closes‟ the normally open (NO) switch at high level input and at low level effective mode which operates the same but at low level input.

Fig 2.17. Relay Module connected to NodeMCU

















2.4.3. Specifications VCC: 5V DC COM: 5V DC IN1: high/low output IN2: high/low output GND: ground

2.4.4. Basic design A simple electromagnetic relay consists of a coil of wire wrapped around a soft iron core (a solenoid), an iron yoke which provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux, a movable iron armature, and one or more sets of contacts (there are two contacts in the relay pictured). The armature is hinged to the yoke and mechanically linked to one or more sets of moving contacts. The armature is held in place by a spring so that when the















with the help of relays. Relays controls the voltage supply given to loads. When relay switch is closed, load turns ON.When relay switch is opened, load turns OFF.

2.4.6. Applications 

Relays are used wherever it is necessary to control a high power or high voltage circuit with a low power circuit, especially when galvanic isolation is desirable. The first application of relays was in long telegraph lines, where the weak signal received at an intermediate station could control a contact, regenerating the signal for further transmission. High-voltage or high-current devices can be controlled with small, low voltage wiring and pilots switches. Operators can be isolated from the high voltage circuit. Low power devices such as microprocessors can drive relays to control electrical loads beyond their direct drive capability. In an automobile, a starter relay allows the high current of the cranking motor to be















CHAPTER 3 Software Description 3.1 Arduino Software (IDE) - Introduction: The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it easy to write code and upload it to the board. It runs on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The environment is written in Java and based on Processing and other open-source software. This software can be used with any Arduino board. 

Arduino was born at the Ivrea Interaction Design Institute as an easy tool for fast prototyping, aimed at students with or without a background in electronics and programming.

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Arduino is an open-source prototyping platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software.















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Open source and extensible software - The Arduino software is published as

open source tool and the language can be expanded through C++ libraries.

3.3 Programming ESP8266 ESP-12E NodeMCU using Arduino IDE Node MCU Dev Board is based on widely explored esp8266 System on Chip from Expressif. It combined features of WIFI accesspoint and station + microcontroller and uses simple LUA based programming language. ESP8266 Node MCU offers

Arduino like hardware IO

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Event-driven API for network applicaitons

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10 GPIOs D0-D10, PWM functionality, IIC and SPI communicaiton, 1-Wire and ADC A0 etc. all in one board















Step 1: NodeMCU ESP-12E Pin Mapping

















for your project by simply dragging and dropping widgets. It's really simple to set everything up and you'll start tinkering in less than 5 mins. Blynk is not tied to some specific board or shield. Instead, it's supporting hardware of your choice. Whether your Arduino or Raspberry Pi is linked to the Internet over Wi-Fi, Ethernet or this new ESP8266 chip, Blynk will get you online and ready for the Internet Of Your Things. How does it work?















Step 4: Setting Up Blynk With Arduino IDE





























Now after restarting the Arduino IDE , go to Tools->Boards and select Node MCU board , mine was version 0.9

Step 5: Setting Up Blynk Step 6: Uploading the Code















4. Then you would see your dashboard with a button 5. Press Play button on the top most right corner of the app 6. Press the Button and you would see the LED Turn ON!!

Conclusion Here, software we used in this project is discussed. After the successful implementation of above steps, output can be observed.

















CHAPTER 4















commands are fed to Wi-Fi module. The Wi-Fi module is configured to access internet















CHAPTER 5















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Outdoor lawn irrigation systems















CHAPTER 6



















































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