m21

Y R A L U B A C O V EVERYDAY LIVING WORDS ◆

Health and Safety

◆

Responsible Citizenship

◆

Car and Driver

◆

Nutrition and Cooking

VOCABULARY

in co cont ntex extt context

E VERYDAY LIVING WORDS HISTORY M EDIA

AND AN D

AND AN D

M USIC , AR T, S CIENCE

GEOGRAPHY WORDS

MARKETPLACE WORDS AND AN D

AND AN D

WORKPLACE

LITERATURE WORDS

TECHNOLOGY WORDS AND AN D

CAREER WORDS

Three Watson Irvine, CA 92618-2767 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.sdlback.com Development and Production: Laurel Associates, Inc.

EVERYDAY LIVING WORDS

CONTENTS

▼

Introduction

.....................

4

...... ...... ...... ...... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... 55 UNIT 3 Preview ... LESSON

UNIT 1

Preview

...... ... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .. 5

LESSON

1

1

Glossary .. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 56

2

Buyi Bu ying ng Life Life Insu Insura ranc nce e ....... 59

3

Megavitamins: A Go Good od Id Idea ea?? ............... ....................... ........ 62

Glossary .. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 6

2 Ar Are e You “Te “Test st-Wi -Wi se se”? ”? ........... 9 3

Beware of Telephone Sca ms ... ...... ...... ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .. 12

4

Understanding Mass Mailings .. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 65

4

Keep Your Cool! Cool! .. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. 15

5

Prac Pr acti tici cing ng Co Cons nser erva vati tion on ... 68

5

Controlling Contr olling Pes Pests ts .. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. 18

6

Wash ashing ing Your Your Car .. ...... ...... .... ...... .... 71

Car’s r’s Sa Safe fety ty 6 A Ca Features .. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 21

7 Voca Vocabu bula lary ry St Stre retc tch h ............. 74 ▼

7 Voca bu bula lary ry St Stre retc tch h ............. 24 ▼

Unit 1 Review

..... .. ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .. 27

Unit 3 Review

...... ... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... ... 77

...... ...... ...... ...... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... 80 UNIT 4 Preview ... LESSON

...... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .. 30 UNIT 2 Preview ... LESSON

1 2

3

1

Glossary .. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 81

2

Readin Rea ding g Food Food Labe Labels ls .... .... ...... .... 84

3

Tools and Tasks .. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. 87

4

Communities Against Graffi ti ... ...... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... ... 90

Glossary .. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 31 Computers and Heal th ... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .. 34 Easy Biscuits .. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 37

INTRODUCTION

Welcome to VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT! A wel well-d l-deve evelop loped ed voc vocabu abular lary y pay payss off in man many y imp import ortant ant ways. Better-than-average “word power” makes it easier to understand everything you read and hear—from textbook assignments to TV news reports or instructions on how to re pair a bicycle. And word power obviously increases y our effectiveness as a communicator. Think about it: As far as oth other er peop people le are concerned, your ideas are only as convincing as the words you use to express them. In other words, the vocabulary you use when you speak or write always significantly adds or detracts from what you have to say. VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT was written especially for you for you.. The program was designed to enrich your persona l “word bank” with many hundreds of high-frequency and challenging words. There are six thematic books in the series— Everyday Living , Workplace and Careers, Science and Technology , Media and Marketplace , History and Geography , and Music, Art, and Literature. Each worktext presents topic-related readings with key terms in context. Follow-up exercises provide a wide variety of practice activities to help you unlock the meanings of unfamiliar words. These strategies include the study of synonyms and antonyms; grammatical word forms; word roots, prefixes, and suffixes; connotations; and the efficient


UNIT 1

PREVIEW

Here’s an introduction to the vocabulary terms, concepts, and skills you will study in this unit unit.. Answers An swers are upsi upside de down d own on the t he botto b ottom m of the page page.. TRUE OR FALSE

falsee. Write T or F to show whether each statement is true or fals 1. __ ____ ___ _ Soap Soap and and toi toile lett pape paperr are are two two staples that people keep in their homes. 2. _____ Adjectives are words that describe adverbs. 3. _____ Gullible people are sometimes known as con artists. 4. _____ Solicitors are important safety features in your car. 5. _____ Road rage is usually an effect of excessive stress. 6. _____ Pesticide is an antonym of insecticide. 7. _____ Analogies are statements of relationship. 8. __ ____ ___ _ It ca can n be be dan dange gero rous us to recline your seat-back while you are driving. ELEMENTS OF VOCABULARY

Draw a line to match each item on the left with an appropriate example on the right.

UNIT 1

Lesson 1


GLOSSARY

glossary sary is an alphabetical list of useful terms. In this book, glossary entries are A glos drawn from the various activities of everyday life. academic having to do with formal

schooling analyze to study something part by

part; to examine it carefully ballot paper or card on which a voter

marks his or her choice bank account money deposited in a

bank where it is held ready for withdrawal by the depositor consumer person who buys products

or services cultivate to prepare soil and grow

crops detour route used when the regular

route is blocked or closed to traffic entrée the main dish of a meal

WORDS IN CONTEXT

etiquette rules of proper conduct;

good manners obligation a legal or moral duty or

responsibility passage a section of a speech or a

piece of writing pedestrians people who are walking

instead of driving or riding prohibited describes something not

allowed; often forbidden by law schedule a plan showing dates and

times when parts of a project should be completed; a timetable staples common articles or food items

kept in readiness for use thrive to grow in a strong, healthy way

3. When you sign a contract contract,, you you take take on a legal legal _________________________. 4. A customer customer in a store store can also also be called called a ________ ____________ _______ _______ _______ ______. ___. 5. On an essay essay test, you might might be asked to _______ ___________ ________ ________ _______ ______ ___ the causes caus es of America’s Ameri ca’s Civil War. War. 6. When you arrive arrive at at a polling polling place place,, you you will will be given given a _________________________. 7. At most most interse intersectio ctions, ns, a crosswa crosswalk lk is provide provided d for _________________________. 8. Your ________ ____________ ________ ________ ________ _____ _ history history is an important important part of your résumé. 9. In order order to establish establish a ________ ____________ ________ ________ _______ _____, __, you must must fill out a form and deposit some money. 10. To ________ ____________ _______ _______ _______ ______ ___ a garden garden plot, you will need need a shovel, a trowel, and a hoe. 11. Suga Sugarr and flour flour are _______ ___________ ________ ________ ________ ______ __ found found in most most people’s kitchen cupboards.

14. The teache teacherr asked Tim to read a ________ ____________ ________ ________ _______ _____ __ from Romeo and Juliet. 15. When roads roads are are being being repaired, repaired, drive drivers rs usually usually have have to make make a _________________________. 16. Chec Check k the bus _______ ___________ ________ ________ _______ ______ ___ to see where where you will will have to transfer to another route.

LOOK IT UP!

Check a dictionary to find the information you need to complete the sentences. 1. Th The e no noun un fo form rm of academic is __________________________. 2. Th The e ve verb rb fo form rm of consumer is __________________________.

prohibit is __________________________. 3. Th The e no noun un fo form rm of prohibit 4. Th The e adj adjec ecti tive ve fo form rm of obligation is __________________________. 5. Two dif differ ferent ent mea meanin nings gs of of the the word word passage are: a. ________ ________________ _________________ _________________ ________________ _________________ _________________ ____________ ____ b. ________ ________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ ____________ ___ 6. Two dif differ fer

t meani meanings ngs of the the word word staples

UNIT 1 EVERYDAY LIVING WORDS

Lesson 2

Are You “Test-Wise”?

Here are some useful strategies to help you improve your performance on objective testss at scho test school. ol.

1. Budget Budget your time. time. Glance Glance over over the test, noting the types of questions and the number of points each section is worth. Start with the easiest questions. Allow most of your time for questions that are worth the most points.

5. If you still still can’t can’t answer a question question,, try these strategies:

2. Read the questions and all possible answers carefully.

• Try paraphrasing paraphrasing the question. question. Then try to recall some examples.

3. Underline key words words and qualifiers qualifiers such as all of the above, none of the above, never, always, and so on.

• If there is no penalty penalty for for guessing, guessing, answer all the questions, even if you have to guess blindly.

4. Afte Afterr you answer answer the question questionss you know, reread the questions you didn’t answer the first time.

• If you have have time, time, check check over the exam before you turn it in. Change an answer only if you have a good reason to do so.

• For a multiple-c multiple-choice hoice item, eliminate those choices you know are not correct. Then choose among the remaining alternatives.

WORD SEARCH

1. What

n-le

adjective adjec tive in the readi

WORDS IN CONTEXT

Circle a letter to show the meaning of the boldface word or phrase as it is used in each sentence. 1. Never Never change change a test test answer answer unle unless ss you you have have a good good reason for doing so. a. budget

b. justification

c. tutor

2. If yo you u ha have ti time me,, check over your exam before you turn it in. a. review

b. revise

c. add check marks

3. Ski Skillf llful ul test test-ta -taker kerss know know how how to to budget their time. a. equate time with money

b. work very quickly

c. plan how to best use

4. Paraphrasing a test question sometimes helps you to understand it better. a. reading it aloud

b. restating it in your own words

c. reading it backward

5. Em Empl ploy oyin ing g cert certai ain n strategies can help you get better test grades. a. techniques used to accomplish something

b. studying during peak hours

c. hiring a tutor to coach you

ANALOGIES

Analogies Analo gies are statements of relationship. Find the relationship between the first two

SYNONYMS

Complete the crossword puzzle with words from the reading. The clue words are synonyms synon yms (words with similar meanings) of the answer words. ACROSS

1

3. finalize

2

6. part 9. choices

4

C

DOWN

E

6

1. important

5

I

S 7

2. select 4. reject

C

3

10. remember

K

8

T

S

9

A

5. upgrade 7. exams 8. begin

10

R

SYLLABLES

syllable abless (word parts spoken Find the two words in the crossword puzzle that have four syll with a single si ngle sound sound). ). On O n the th e lines li nes belo below, w, use u se each ea ch word w ord in two t wo origi o riginal nal sent sentences ences.. 1. _________ _________________ ________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _____________ _____ ________________________________________________________________

UNIT 1

Lesson 3


Beware of Telephone Scams

Some con artists swindle gullible people over the telephone. To avoid becoming a victim of telephone fraud, follow these tips provided by the police: 1. Never give give a stranger stranger any any personal personal information. (This rule applies to any unknown persons seeking information in person or by mail as well as by telephone.) Particularly, Particularly, do not reveal your address, Social Security number, bank account number, or credit card number.

offer is a fraud, note the following details and include them in your report to the police:

2. If a solicitor solicitor bothers bothers you with with requests for money or tries to argue, simply hang up.

• what the caller call er promised promis ed or offered

3. If the call call includes includes just just about about any promise of sudden riches, call the police. If you suspect the telephone

• the name or title title the caller caller used to identify himself or herself • what the person person said said about the the firm that he or she claimed to represent

• what the caller caller told told you to do (Give personal information? Mail money, or arrange for someone to pick it up?)

WORD SEARCH

1. What seve seven-le n-letter tter verb in the the readi reading ng means means

ANTONYMS

Complete the crossword puzzle with words from the reading. Clue words are antonyms (words with opposite meanings) of the answer words. ACROSS

2

1

G

1. so soph phis isttic ica ate ted d

U

3. to seek

4

3

A

V

5. customer 7. public

5

6

S

R

DOWN

2. familiar 4. aggressor 6. withhold

7

P

ANALOGIES

Analo gies are statements of relationship. Figure out the relationship between the first Analogies two word words. s. Then T hen comp complete lete the anal analogy ogy with a word wo rd from f rom the read reading ing that show showss the th e same relationship. 1. Climb is to climber

4. Write is to keyboard

as call is to

as speak is to

_________________________. c

__________________________.

t

DESCRIPTIVE WORDS

Cross out two words that could not be used to describe each boldface item. Use a dictionary if you’re not sure of a word’s meaning. 1. con artists charming

reputable

criminal

convincing

compassionate

2. stranger sibling

outsider

nonacquaintance

mentor

unidentified

3. fraud bargain

trickery

hoax

opportunity

scheme

SYNONYMS

Unscramble the words from the reading. Then write each unscrambled word next to synonyms nyms (words with similar meanings). its syno

LURE ___ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___

NOINIFORTAM NOINIFORT AM ___ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ____ _

ERCHIS ___ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ____ _

LUCYTARPRAIL LUCYT ARPRAIL ____ _______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___

LUGBILEL ___ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ _____ __

NUDSYLED ___ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ____ _

1. inexp inexperien erienced, ced, innocent innocent,, __________ ______________ ________ ________ ________ ____ 2. guide guideline line,, standard, standard, __


Lesson 4

Keep Your Your Cool!

Anger affects your health. People who habitually yell and argue create much unhappiness and cause a lot of trouble. Such behaviors also raise blood pressure, trigger heart attacks, and contribute to strokes, ulcers, and digestive problems. And road rage—uncontrolled anger while driving—can be deadly deadly.. Besides, getting mad doesn’t solve problems. Here are some expert tips on how to “simmer down”:

Be honest. If you have a problem with anger, anger, admit it. Someone else may have “started it,” but that doesn’t excuse your own bad behavior. Ask yourself what mistake you are making. When you’re driving, for example, do you follow other cars too closely?

Work on it it.. Decide to change your behavior, and then practice new ways of behaving. Stop attracting trouble by tailgating, for example. Practice saying “Be my guest” if another driver cuts you off or gives you a rude gesture. Responding quietly—instead of blowing your top—alters your breathing pattern and slows the damaging physical effects of stress. Distract yourself. Do you really want to give other people the power to make you upset? Try Try counting to 10 or taking deep breaths for a minute or two. Don’t set yourself your self up for anger. Watch your intake of caffeine and alcohol. Caffeine promotes anxiety and irritability. Alcohol slows your thinking and spurs you to act out.

3. What seve seven-le n-letter tter noun in the the readin reading g means means “a motion made with some part of the body to express a feeling or idea”? _______________________

g

4. What eigh eight-let t-letter ter verb in the the readin reading g means means “to divert or draw away one’s attention to something else”? _______________________

d

SYNONYMS

Complete the crossword puzzle with words from the reading. Clue words are synonyms synon yms (words with similar meanings) of the answer words. ACROSS

1

2. changes

R

2

A

6. lethal

3

4

T

S

8. results 5

DOWN 6

1. elevate

A 7

D

Y

3. su sugg gge est stio ions ns 4. tension 5. confess

8

E

7. shout WORDS IN CONTEXT

Circle a letter to complete the sentence or show the meaning of each boldface word or words. 1. Seve Severe re frustr frustratio ation n and stre stress ss can can result result in in stomach stomach ulcers.

4. A pers person on who is suff sufferi ering ng fro from m anxiety feels a. distressed, nervous, uneasy.

b. bored, drowsy, lethargic.

c. confident, sure, dominant.

5. A behavior that is consistently repeated without thinking about it has become a. expert.

b. incurable.

c. habitual.

ANTONYMS

Find the mystery words (reading from top to bottom) by filling in the blanks with words from the read reading. ing. Answ Answer er words w ords are antonyms (words with opposite meanings) of the clue words. 1. de destroy

___

___

___

___

___

___

2. deceitful

___

___

___

___

___

___

3. happy

___

___

___

___

___

___

___

___

___

___

___

___

___

___

___

___

___

___

___

___

4. po polite

5. focus

___

___

6. deny 7. halt 8. agree

___

___

___

___

___

___

___

___

___

___

UNIT 1

Lesson 5


Controlling Pests

Have you ever been surprised to see a long line of ants parading across your kitchen counter? When the outside temperature falls, ants come indoors to seek warmth. How do you get rid of ants? Try to control them with the least toxic products. Using a pesticide spray should be your last resort. The first line of defense is cleanliness. Even tiny crumbs attract ants. That’s why you should wipe down counters thoroughly after preparing food. Also make sure that food is stored in tightly sealed containers. Put the sugar bowl—and every other sweet thing—in the refrigerator. And empty the kitchen trash can every day. Don’t forget that ants, like any pests, need food and water. That’s

WORD SEARCH

why ants are often found crawling around the bathroom sink and tub. To keep things dry as well as a s clean, fix leaky faucets and pipes. Break up ant trails. You can clean up ants with a vacuum or spray them with soapy water and wipe them up with a sponge. Soap washes away the chemical trail that ants follow. follow. If you must use an insecticide, choose the least toxic one. Ant baits are usually less toxic than sprays. Remember that even small traces of pesticides washed down the sink drain into waterways and harm sensitive aquatic life.

ANTONYMS

Solve the crossword puzzle with words from the reading. Clue words are antonyms (words with opposite meanings) of the answer words. ACROSS 1

4. carelessly

2

H

T

3

7. attract

C 4

5

T

L

8. sizable DOWN

1. foster

6

2. loosely

C

L

7

R

3. reject 5. short 8

T

6. filthy SYNONYMS

Unscramble the words from the reading. Then write each unscrambled word next to synonyms yms (words with similar meanings). its synon

ITCO IT COX X __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __

CAUFT CA UFTES ES

____ __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __

HAR HA RTS

MURBSC

____ __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ___ _

____ __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ___ _

ANALOGIES

Analo gies are statements of relationship. Figure out the relationship between the first Analogies two word words. s. Then T hen compl complete ete each anal analogy ogy with a word wo rd from f rom the read reading ing that show showss the th e same relationship.

p

1. Welcome is to guest as unwelcome is to _________________________.

k

2. Tu Tub b is to bathroom as sink is to _________________________.

f Milk is to pitcher as sugar is to _________________________. b _________________________. Attack is to offense as repel is to d Scrub is to brush as wipe is to _________________________. s

3. Drink is to water as eat is to _________________________. 4. 5. 6.

THE LATIN ROOT cide

Many English words are based on Latin roots. The root cide , for example, means “kill.” Use words that end in cide to complete the sentences below. 1. An _______ ___________ ________ ________ _____ _ is a poison poison especially especially formula formulated ted to kill kill insects. 2. A ________ ____________ ________ ________ ____ is a chemica chemicall substance substance used used to kill kill a wide range of plant and animal pests. 3. Any illegal illegal killin killing g of one one human human being being by anoth another er is called called a ____________________. 4. Pe People ople who who kill themselve themselvess commit the the act of ________ ____________ ________ ________ ____..


Lesson 6

A Car’s Safety Features

SEAT BELTS

AIRBAGS AIR BAGS

Seat belts are the single most effective safety device in your automobile. When worn correctly correctly,, a seat belt can prevent serious injury or death in a crash.

Airbags supplement the protection that seat belts give to the torso and legs. They provide a cushion to help restrain and protect the head and chest.

When properly worn, seat belts: • keep you connected connected to the vehicle. This allows you to take advantage of the vehicle’s built-in safety features. • hel helpp protect you you in almost any type of crash, including frontal, side, and rear impacts as well as rollovers. • keep you from being be ing thrown around the inside of the vehicle and against other occupants. • prevent your ejection ejection from the vehicle. • hold you in the best best position position in case case the airbags deploy.

Here are some important facts about airbags: • If you have a moderat moderatee to severe severe frontal collision, the airbags will instantly inflate. • After inflating, inflating, airbags deflate deflate immediately. They won’t interfere with the driver’s visibility. • Most occupants of the vehicle vehicle will not realize that the airbags deployed until they see them lying deflated on their laps. • Airbags can be hazardous to children. An inflating front airbag can strike with enough force to seriously injure—or even kill—a small child.

WORD SEARCH

1. What What six-le six-lette tterr noun noun in the the readi reading ng mean me anss an “i “ins nstr trum umen ent” t” or “m “mec echa hani nism sm”? ”?

____ __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ___ _

2. What What eighteight-let lette terr verb verb in the the readin reading g means to “control” or “hold back”?

_______________________

3. What What eighteight-let lette terr noun noun in the the readin reading g means “forced departure”?

_______________________

d r e

SYNONYMS

synonyms nyms Complete the crossword puzzle with words from the reading. Clues are syno (words with similar meanings) of the answer words. ACROSS

1. significant

1

2

S

C

5. activate 3

6. permit 5

7. car

A

1. slip 7

3. trunk 4. power

F 6

D

DOWN

2. crash

4

T

A

2. ad adje ject ctiv ive e form form of of the the noun noun vision __________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 3. ve verb rb fo form rm of th the e nou noun n inflation ___________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 4. ve verb rb fo form rm of th the e nou noun n collision ____________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ANTONYMS

First unscramble the boldface words from the reading. Then draw a line to match each word with its antonym (word with the opposite meaning). 1. NOTRALF

________________________

a. extreme

2. FIVEFECET

________________________

b. assist

3. RIFTEENER

________________________

c. rear

4. TRADEMOE

________________________

d. useless

WORDS IN CONTEXT

Read the sentences. Then use words from the reading to complete the sentences. 1. When you you drive, drive, you and and your passenge passengers rs are _______ ___________ ________ ________ _____ _ of the vehicle.

UNIT 1

Lesson 7


VOCABULARY STRETCH

Get out your dictionary and thesaurus! The challenging words in this lesson were especially chosen to stretch the limits of your vocabulary. LOOK IT UP!

Circle the word that correctly completes each sentence. Before selecting a word, (1) read the dictionary definitions of all the boldface word words, s, and a nd (2) ( 2) check c heck out the context clues in each sentence. 1. Som Some e people people who who lose lose their their jobs jobs beco become me ( indigent / impeccable ). 2. Brad’ Brad’ss soluti solution on to to the the proble problem m may may not not be ( malleable / viable ). 3. Rita’s ( profligate / requisite ) spending makes us worry. 4. Steven’s ( austere / vapid ) remarks in class are annoying to the teacher. 5. In a mate materia rialis listic tic soci society ety,, ( decorum / avarice ) is common. Now write sentences of your own, using the boldface words you did not use to complete the sentences above. 1.

WORD:

_______________________

SENTENCE :

______________________________

________________________________________________________________ 2.

WORD:

_______________________

SENTENCE :

______________________________

SYNONYMS

1

W

Complete the crossword puzzle with synonyms synon yms (words with similar meanings) of the clue words. If you need help, check a thesaurus. AC R O S S

2

F 3

P

4

D OW N

3. indigent

1. viable

5. profligate

2. vapid

G

5

W

4. avarice

WORDS IN CONTEXT

Unscramble the words you studied on the previous page. Then use one of the unscrambled words to correctly complete each sentence.

LAMEBAL LAMEB ALEL EL

____ __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __

MOREDUC MOREDU C __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __

CAMPECLIBE ___ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ _____ __

EASERUT ________ ___________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___

ETISIUQER _____ _________ _________ __________ ________ ___

1. Work that is faulty or imperfect in some way could never be called ______________________. 2. Art cl class is is optional at our school; it is not a _______________________

EVERYDAY EVERYDA Y I DIOMS

idioms, ms, or expressions, that cannot be understood literally. Every language has idio English has many thousands of idiomatic expressions. That’s why understanding idioms is an important part of vocabulary development. Write a letter le tter to match m atch each idio idiom m on the left with its mean meaning ing on the t he right r ight.. 1. _____ to hold your tongue

a. mo move ve to an anot othe herr pla place ce

2. _____ to pull up stakes

b. ho hold ld your your emo emotio tions ns in chec check k

3. _____ to blow your own horn

c. re refr frai ain n fro from m spe speak akin ing g

4. _____ to keep a stiff upper lip

d. bra brag g or or boas boastt abou aboutt you yourse rself lf

IDIOMS IN CONTEXT

Circle a letter to show the meaning of each boldface idiom. 1. Gary got raked over the coals by the shift supervisor. a. praised

b. warned

c. scolded

2. Am Amy y made made the the all all-s -sta tarr team team by the seat of her pants . a. by sheer luck and little skill

b. by warming the bench

c. in spite of falling

3. We dec decid ided ed to go ou outt on the spur of the moment .


UNIT 1

REVIEW

Here’s your chance to show what you’ve learned in this unit! SENTENCE COMPLETION

Use words from the unit to correctly complete the sentences.

s

1. One _________________________ for answering a multiple-choice question is to eliminate wrong answers first.

p

2. Jayw ywal alk kin ing g is is _________________________ on most city streets.

A

3. _________________________ are words with opposite meanings.

t Soap So ap wa wash shes es aw away ay th the e c _________________________ trail left by ants. Air irba bags gs ca can n be be h _________________________ to small children. Frustrat Frus trated ed peop people le shou should ld wat watch ch the their ir i _________________________ of

4. Un Unco cont ntro roll lled ed an ange gerr can can _________________________ heart attacks. 5. 6. 7.

caffeine and alcohol.

i

8. An _________________________ person cannot afford to buy groceries. ANALOGIES

Analogies Analo gies are statements of relationship. Find the relationship between the first two

HIDDEN WORDS PUZZLE PUZZLE

Find and circle the words in the puzzle. Words may go up, down, across, backward, or diagonally. Check off each word as you find it. ___ OBJECTIVE ___ ALTERNATIVES ALTERNATIVES ___ SWINDLE

___ GULLIBLE ___ INTAKE INTAKE ___ EJECTION EJECTIO N

___ DISTRACT

___ AQUATIC AQUATIC

___ TOXIC

___ ANXIETY

___ DEPLOY

___ FRAUD

E

I

J

S

N T A T

K E M O C W S D E

H C D

I

E M E

V

E F

R O U A A W L V

L G O

I

C O

D A

O

T

N

E

S

E

R C

T

I

X

T

U

T

T R O C O E T M N O H A C

I

F

I

D A

F

A

T

S H D E

O R

C O U

N

T

H Q

N

I

K

R R

E

X

J

U

P

E

M D

H

E

T

L

Z

E

L

B

I

A

Q U

A

E

U

L

D

J

D

F O D

X

E

B

E

I

O R

E

V

P

O

A

Y

B

E

Y

U

R

L

D

L

L

U G M

T

A R O

Y

T

I

C

A

Y

L

H D

I

I

L

Y

Now use each puzzle word in a sentence of your own. Be sure that your sentence makes the word’s meaning clear. 1. aquatic ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2. distract ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 3. fraud __________________________________________________________

6. objective _______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 7. toxic ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 8. anxiety ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 9. gullible ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 10. alternatives ___________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 11.. swindle ________________________________________________________ 11 ________________________________________________________________ 12. ejection ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ CATEGORIES

Cross out one word that does not fit in each category.

UNIT 2


PREVIEW

Here’s an introduction to the vocabulary terms, concepts, and skills you will be studying in this unit. Answers are upside down on the bottom of the page. TRUE OR FALSE

falsee. Write T or F to show whether each statement is true or fals 1. __ ____ ___ _ Th Ther ere e are are sile silent nt let lette ters rs in in the the word wordss mortgage and autumn autumn.. 2. __ ____ ___ _ Be Befo fore re bak bakin ing g bisc biscui uits ts,, you you mus mustt knead the flour. 3. _____ The wo word volunteer can be used either as a noun or a verb. 4. ___ _____ __ A toma tomato to pla plant nt gro grows ws bes bestt if if it it is is tied tied to a steak steak.. 5. __ ____ ___ _ A ment mental ally ly heal health thy y pers person on alw alway ayss feel feelss contentment contentment.. 6. _____ The suffix -ology means “the study of.” 7. _____ A consortium consortium is a partnership of groups making a joint effort. 8. _____ The prefix en- means “not.” ELEMENTS ELEM ENTS OF VOCABULARY

Draw a line to match each boldface item on the left with appropriate examples.


Lesson 1

GLOSSARY

glossary sary is an alphabetical list of useful terms. In this book, glossary entries A glos are drawn from various activities of everyday life. accessories extra things added for

lease agreement to use something for

convenience, comfort, or decoration

a certain amount of time and for a certain amount of money

agent someone, such as an insurance insuran ce

agent, who takes care of business for you curriculum the course or plan of

study in a school delegate one who officially represents

others estimate a quoted price for goods or

services inference a conclusion reached by

careful reasoning interstate between or among the

states of a federal government inventory a complete list of goods

possessed; stock on hand junction junc tion the place where highways,

railroads, etc. join or cross

mortgage agreement in which a

borrower gives the lender a claim to property as a pledge that the debt will be paid property a person’s belongings,

especially land or real estate reimburse to pay back money owed

for services, expenses, loss, etc. relevant to the point; having to do

with the subject being discussed restriction a limiting condition such

as a rule revoke to cancel or repeal a license,

permit, law, etc. utilities public services such as gas,

electricity, water, etc.

3. What What eight eight-le -lette tterr adject adjective ive in in the the reading is a synonym of pertinent? pertinent?

___________________________ r

4. What What eight eight-le -lette tterr noun noun in the the readin reading g has a silent letter?

___________________________ m

WORDS IN CONTEXT

Use entry words in the glossary to complete the sentences. 1. Is there there a _________ _____________ ________ ________ _______ ____ _ on pets in your your apartmen apartmentt house? 2. Her scarf scarf and pin are are perfect perfect _______ ___________ ________ _______ _______ _______ ___ for for her new suit. 3. Our wareho warehouse use worke workers rs are busi busily ly doing doing the endend-of-ye of-year ar _________________________. 4. ____ ________ ________ _______ _______ ________ ______ __ payment paymentss on a car are usually usually less less expensive than purchase payments. 5. Is French French included included in your school’ school’ss _________ _____________ _______ _______ ________ _____? _? 6. That real real estate estate _________ _____________ ________ ________ ________ ____ has has sold three three houses houses this month. 7. You can drive from Seattle to Boston Boston on ________ ________________ ________________ ________ 90. 8. The company company will will ____

_ you for all all of your

SYNONYMS

Complete the crossword puzzle with words from the glossary. Clue words are synonyms synon yms (words with similar meanings) of the answer words. 1

ACROSS

E

2

J

3. topic

3

S

4. eliminate 6. owned

4

5

C

L

DOWN

1. non one ess sse entia iall 6

2. crossroads

P

4. specific 5. creditor

MYSTERY WORDS

Unscramble the words from the reading to correctly complete the sentences. 1. Our LEADTEE LEADTEEG G ________ ____________ ________ _______ _______ ______ __ to the the United United Nations is a former senator. 2. The mechani mechanic’s c’s STEAMT STEAMTIE IE ________ ____________ ________ ________ ________ _____ _ for

UNIT 2

Lesson 2


Computers and Health

Your comp c omputer uter can hav havee adve a dverse rse effects on your health. Have you ever heard of carpal tunnel syndrome ? This painful condition is quite common. It is a consequence of working at a computer for long periods of time. Using the same hand motions over and over again causes nerves in the wrist to swell and become pinched. Computer users are now being warned about another computerrelated malady. This one is called computer vision syndrome , or CVS . Symptoms include headaches, blurred vision, light sensitivity sensitivity,, and difficulty in focusing. CVS is a temporary condition. It can be relieved by frequent, short breaks from staring at the computer screen.

Here are some preventive measures to help alleviate CVS: • Posit Position ion the monitor monitor to avoid glare from windows and other light sources. If necessary, place a filter over the screen. • Make sure the monitor monitor is positio positioned ned 20 to 28 inches away from your eyes. • Rest your eyes regularly regularly.. Look out the window every 20 minutes. After two hours of computer use, take a 15-minute break. • Remem Remember ber to blink. blink. Most people blink less often when they are using a computer. Experts also recommend that people who work long hours on a computer should get more frequent eye exams. Some may need special glasses designed for computer use.

3. What three three-wor -word d name in the the reading reading descr describes ibes a condi condition tion caused by repetitive compression of a nerve that passes through the wrist into the hand? _____ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ c

t

s

___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ____ ___ _

4. What What nine-l nine-lett etter er adver adverb b in the the readin reading g means “happening often enough to form a kind of pattern”?

___ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ __

_________________________ r

ANTONYMS

Complete the crossword puzzle with words from the reading. Clue words are antonyms (words with opposite meanings) of the answer words. ACROSS 1

2. permanent

O

5. attract 2

6. short

3

T

7. different DOWN

4

P

A

5

A 6

L

1. rarely 3. pl ple eas asur urab able le 4. helpful

SYNONYMS

7

S

MULTIPLE-MEANING MUL TIPLE-MEANING WORDS

Some words have entirely different meanings when they’re used in different contexts. First unscramble the words from the reading. (Read the definitions for help.) Then writee sentenc writ se ntences es of o f your yo ur own, o wn, using u sing the word wordss as defi defined. ned. 1. SURESAME

_________________________

• finds out out size, size, amount, or extent extent of something _______________________________________________________________ • actio actions ns intended intended to bring bring about about a desired desired result result _______________________________________________________________ 2. ROSEDIP

_________________________

• dots used used to punc punctuat tuate e the end end of statem statements ents _______________________________________________________________ • rep repeat eating ing cycl cycles es of of time time _______________________________________________________________ 3. REKAB

_________________________

• to split split or or crack crack into into piec pieces es _______________________________________________________________ • a reces recesss or inte interru rrupt ption ion _______________________________________________________________


Lesson 3

Easy Biscuits

Yea rs ag Years ago— o—be befo fore re co comm mmer erci cial ally ly made bread was widely available— many homemakers made biscuits every day. The following recipe makes about 20 flaky biscuits.

EASY BISCUITS 2 cups flour 3 teaspoons baking powder 1 teaspoon salt 1

/4 cup shortening

3

/4 cup milk

Heat oven to 450 degrees.Combine flour, baking powder, and salt in a large bowl. Mix well. Add shortening to the dry ingredients. Use a fork or a pastry blender to “cut in” shortening

until the mixture looks like meal. Stir in almost all the milk. Add a bit more milk if the dough isn’t pliable. Dough is just the right consistency when it is soft and puffy and will roll out easily. easily. (Too much milk makes the dough sticky; not enough makes the biscuits dry.) dry .) Round up the dough on a lightly floured board. To ensure a fine texture, knead lightly about six times. Pressing gently with a rolling pin, roll dough until it is about 1 /2 -inch thick. Cut biscuits close together with a 11/2-inch round biscuit cutter. For biscuits with soft sides, place biscuits close together on an ungreased baking sheet. For biscuits with crusty sides, place biscuits one inch apart. Place on middle rack of oven, and bake for 10 to 12 minutes. Serve piping hot.

3. What What ingred ingredien ientt in the the recipe recipe cont contain ainss baking soda and an acid that makes dough rise? _____________ _______________ 4. What What tool tool name named d in the rea readin ding g is a heavy, smooth cylinder made of wood or some other material?

b

p

r

p

_____________ _______________

SYNONYMS

Complete the crossword puzzle with words synonyms yms from the reading. Clue words are synon (words with similar meanings) of the answer words. 2

1

C

ACROSS

3

F

2. blend

4

P

4. flexible 6. delicate

5

M

7. crisp

6

F

DOWN

1. firmness 3. crumbly 5. stir

C

7

C

2. The texture of a perfect biscuit should be a. rough and grainy.

b. dense and rich.

c. light and airy.

3. Th The e co coo ok wi will ll knead the dough by a. baking it homemade.

b. pressing, rolling, and squeezing it.

c. allowing it to rise.

SILENT LETTERS

Many English words have letters that are not pronounced when the words are spoken out loud. Cross out the silent letters in the words below. The first one has been done for you. biscuit

so l e m n

science

knee

receipt

n ui s a nc e

slick

knead

ANALOGIES

Analo gies are statements of relationship. Figure out the relationship between the first Analogies two word words. s. Then T hen show the same rela relation tionship ship by compl c ompletin etingg the th e analog an alogyy with wi th a word from the reading. 1. Dry is to flour to flour as wet is to _________________________.

4.

2. Skillet is to fry to fry

5.

m

Sticky is to adhesive as stretchy is to _________________________.

p

Soft is to crusty

UNIT 2

Lesson 4


Will You Lend a Hand?

Do you have a little time to give to a worthy cause? There are many ways for volunteers to get involved in any community. Here’s a list of typical organizations and agencies that are looking for helping hands. H AV AV E A HE HE AR AR T T he he Am A m er er ic ic an an Heart Association needs volunteers to help with office work, health fairs, and special fundraising events. FOSTER HOMES FOR ANIMALS Can you care for puppies and kittens in your home until they reach adoptable age? The Humane Society provides volunteer training and covers food and medical expenses. A R T L OV O V E R S WA N TE T E D T he he Uptown Museum needs docents to give weekday tours to fourth and fifth graders. The docent training workshop begins Sept. 1.

HOSPIC HOSP ICE E VOL VOLUN UNTE TEER ERSS We ne need ed individuals to provide emotional and practical support to terminally ill patients and their families. Bereavement volunteers are also needed. FOOD BANK FOOD BANK The Eme Emerge rgency ncy Con Consor sortiu tium m needs assistance with warehouse and office activities. The food bank is open from Mon. through Sat. PA RT RT NE N E RS RS IN IN RE RE AD AD IN IN G n ee ee ds ds one-on-one tutors for adults who read below eighth-grade level. A commitment of two hours per week for six months is required. SUICID SUIC IDE E PR PREV EVEN ENTI TION ON The He Heal alth th Dept. will train you to answer its crisis hotline. Trainees Trainees must be over 21. B E A ME M E NT N T OR O R Tu rn r n in i n g P oi oi n t Counseling Center needs adult volunteers to counsel at-risk youth. Bilingual a plus.

3. What What seven seven-le -lette tterr word word in the the readin reading g means “a homelike place where dying people are cared for and made comfortable”?

___________________________ h

4. What What seven seven-le -lette tterr adject adjective ive in in the the reading describes something that is “a true representative example of its kind”?

___________________________

t

ANTONYMS

Use words from the reading to complete the crossword puzzle. Clue words are antonyms (words with opposite meanings) of the answer words.

1

2

3

ACROSS

A

3. child 4. take 6. ext xtrrao aord rdin inar ary y

4

G

7. few DOWN

5

6

1. optional 2. useless 5. closed WHO’S WHO?

P

7

T

M

O

R

THE SUFFIX -able SUFFIX -able

The suffix -able means “capable of being.” In the reading, the word adoptable means “capable of being adopted.” Rewrite the boldface words below, adding the suffix -able. Hint: Some of the spellings are tricky! Check a dictionary before you write your answ answers. ers. 1. So Some meon one e you you can can alw alway ayss rely on is _________________________. 2. An exp expla lana nati tion on tha thatt can can be understood is ________________________. 3. A pro proje ject ct th that at ca can n be managed is _________________________. 4. So Some meth thin ing g that that has has gre great at value is _________________________. WORDS IN CONTEXT

Circle a letter to show the meaning of each boldface word or phrase. 1. The The Dow Downt ntow own n Hou Housi sing ng Consortium works to provide shelter for the homeless. a. partnership of several organizations

b. meeting of church officials

c. cluster of apartment buildings

2. Tutors are needed to help people learn to read better. a. financial sponsors

b. private teachers

c. trumpet players

3. Docents are needed at the art museum. a. maintenance workers

b. gift shop clerks

c. tour guides and lecturers


Lesson 5

A Gardening Project

Growing tomatoes is a good project for a beginning beginnin g gardener. The easiest way to get started is to buy young plants from a nursery. Look for pot-grown tomatoes with healthy green leaves and no flower bunches. The plants should be about eight inches tall. Avoid buying plants with thin, scraggly, yellow stems. These plants have been stuck in their pots for too long. Find a spot in your yard that gets an abundance of sunshine but is sheltered from gusting winds. Before planting, enrich the soil there with compost or well-rotted manure. After the last frost, plant each tomato in a large hole. Support each plant with a wire cage or a stake. This will help flower and fruit production by keeping tomatoes off the ground

and away from insects. Be sure to give your plants a steady supply of water. Don’t let them dry out. Check the plant regularly as it grows. Pinch off the top of a plant once it has grown four bunches of yellow flowers. That will allow the plant to stop growing taller and use its energy to ripen its fruit instead.

Tomato plants bear delicious, ju ic icy y fr ui t fr om ea rl y su mm er to early fall. The average plant—which spreads about three feet across and reaches about four feet in height— will yield a crop of about four pounds of tomatoes.

3. What What two two sea season sonss of of the the yea yearr are named named in the readi reading? ng? ___ ______ _____ _____ ______ ______ _____ __ __ _____ ______ ______ ______ _____ _____ ___ 4. What eigh eight-le t-letter tter adjec adjective tive in the read reading ing means “uneven, ragged, or irregular”?

s

____________________

PREFIX en- PREFIX en-

The prefix en- at the beginning of a word can mean: (1) “to put into or on” (enthrone —put on a throne); (2) “to make” ( enrich —to make richer); or (3) “in or into” (entangle—to tangle in). Unscramble the words beginning with the prefix en- . Check a dictionary if you need help. 1. When you you ENGEAROUC ENGEAROUC ______ __________ ________ ________ ______ __ people, people, you give them them new confidence and hope. 2. You ENRANES ENRANES _______ ___________ _______ _______ ______ __ an animal animal when you catch catch it in a trap. 3. Po Police lice officer officerss ENCROFE ENCROFE ________ ____________ ________ ________ ____ the the law when they they issue speeding tickets. 4. A huge wave wave can easily easily ENFULG ENFULG ________ ____________ _______ _______ _____ _ a swimmer. swimmer. 5. Sunn Sunny y weather weather will ENRUS ENRUSE E ________ ____________ ________ ________ ____ large large attendance at the fair. 6. You ENSURTT ENSURTT _________ _________________ ___________ ___ only only your your closest closest friends with your deep, dark secrets.

MATCHING MA TCHING WORDS AND MEANINGS

Use the definitions to help you complete the crossword puzzle with words from the reading. 1

ACROSS

2. far farm pr pro odu duct ct grown in the soil 4. blow blowin ing g sud sudde denl nly y and strongly

2

C 3

C 4

P

G

6

5

M

R 7

J

5. deca decaye yed d anim animal al waste 8

7. desc descri ribe bess fru fruit itss containing lots of liquid

Y

8. the amo amount unt of some someth thing ing prod produce uced d DOWN

1. cone-shaped wire support for a plant

3. squeeze between thumb and forefinger

2. rotted vegetable matter

6. to mature

SYNONYMS

synonyms nyms (words with similar meanings) of The boldface words listed below are syno words from the read reading. ing. Write the corr correct ect word from the read reading ing on each ea ch line. l ine. 1. tasty ______________________

4. protected __________________

2. bugs

5

blossoms

UNIT 2

Lesson 6


Good Mental Health

There is no single definition of “good mental health” that everyone accepts. So it isn’t surprising that there is no foolproof formula for good mental health. Still, a majority of people would agree that a mentally healthy person feels content— most of the time . But even “being content” is hard to define. Generally speaking, it means many things: feeling love, satisfaction, and joy; freedom from worry or overwhelming hardships; simply having peace of mind. Psychologists tell us that contentment is a result rather than a cause. Their studies of mentally healthy people show four important causes, or conditions, that make contentment possible:

1. Self-respect (liking and honoring yourself as a good and worthy person) 2. Self-acceptance (admitting your own limitations as inescapable conditions of being human) 3. Self-control (the ability to discipline your own emotions and behavior) 4. Awareness of others (understanding that, like you, everyone else has strengths and weaknesses, and wants to feel worthwhile) The words “most of the time” are crucial. Mentally healthy people do have troubling emotions that cause them problems. But their realistic understanding of themselves and other people provides contentment most of the time .

3. What What seven seven-le -lette tterr noun noun in the the readin reading g means “the power or skill required to do something”?

___________________________

4. What What seven seven-le -lette tterr noun noun in the the readin reading g is a synonym for recipe recipe??

___________________________

a f

GIVING EXAMPLES

Complete the sentences with appropriate examples of the boldface terms. 1. A pe pers rso on sh shows self-respect whe when n __ _____ ______ _____ _____ ______ ______ ______ _____ _____ ______ ____ _ ________________________________________________________________. 2. A per perso son n sh shows self-acceptance whe when n ___ _____ _____ ______ ______ _____ _____ ______ ______ _____ __ _______________________________________________________________. 3. A per perso son n sh shows self-control whe when n __ _____ ______ _____ _____ ______ ______ ______ _____ _____ ______ ____ _ ________________________________________________________________. 4. A per perso son n sh shows awareness of others wh when en __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __ ________________________________________________________________. 5. To me, “contentment” means means

______ ___ ______ ______ _____ _____ ______ ______ ______ _____ _____ ______ ____ _

2. A doct doctor or who spe specia cializ lizes es in cardiology works with diseases of the _________________________. 3. Seismology is the study of _________________________. 4. The scient scientific ific study study of crime crime and and crimina criminals ls is calle called d _________________________. 5. Pa Paleontology leontology is the study of _________________________. 6. The study study of animals animals is called called ________ ____________ ________ ________ ________ _____. _.

SYNONYMS

Complete the crossword puzzle with words from the reading. Clue words are synonyms synon yms (words with similar meanings) of answer words. ACROSS 1

1. one, only 4. important, critical

F 5

4

C

7. reco cog gniz ize es, abides by

1. as asttonis ish hin ing g

F

3

6. rest restra rain intt or control

DOWN

2

S

6

D

R


Lesson 7

VOCABULARY STRETCH

WORDS IN CONTEXT

Read the dictionary definitions of the ten boldface word choices. Then circle the word that best compl completes etes each sente sentence. nce. 1. The ( acute / timorous ) kitten hid under the couch. 2. The They y say say tha thatt a rob robin in is is the the ( harbinger / siege ) of spring. 3. The sen senato ator’ r’ss oppon opponen ents ts will will try try to ( stymie / embellish ) the passage of his bill. 4. On a cle clear ar nigh night, t, you can se see e a ( paucity / myriad ) of stars in the sky. 5. You mi might ( mollify / encroach ) a barking dog by throwing it a bone. Now write five original sentences, using the boldface words you did not circle above. 1.

WORD:

_______________________

SENTENCE :

______________________________

________________________________________________________________ 2.

WORD:

_______________________

SENTENCE :

______________________________

________________________________________________________________

SYNONYMS

synonyms nyms Complete the crossword puzzle with syno (words with similar meanings) of the clue words. Use a thesaurus to find synonyms that fit.

1

H

ACROSS 2

3. mollify

F

3

4. harbinger 5. myriad

S

4

F

DOWN 5

1. stymie

P

2. timorous

SENTENCE COMPLETION

Unscramble the words you studied on the previous page. Then use the unscrambled words to corre c orrectly ctly comp complete lete the sent sentence ences. s.

CHORENAC CHORENA C ___ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___

ESIGE _____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___

BIMESHELL _____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ____ _

TUCEA ______ _________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ____ _

CAUTIFPY

_________ _____ _________ __________ ________ ___

IDIOMS IN CONTEXT

idioms, ms, that cannot be understood literally. All lang languages uages have cert certain ain expr expressi essions, ons, or idio English has many thousands of idiomatic expressions. That’s why understanding idioms is an important part of vocabulary development.

• Circle a letter to show the meaning of each boldface idiom. 1. Some Some very very succes successfu sfull people people were were born born on the wrong side of the tracks. a. in small towns

b. into poverty

c. to beat the odds

2. That ro rookie can’t hold a candle to the seasoned veteran. a. be as skillful and powerful

b. have confidence and trust in

c. earn as much money

3. We’l e’lll be all all right right as long long as as no one one rocks the boat. a. gets nervous

b. causes trouble

c. makes a mistake

4. Inst Instead ead of of using using a prepa prepared red mix, mix, she she made made that that cake cake from scratch. a. o ov ver the campfire

b. w wiith professional help

c. using basic ingredients

• Now use each of the above idioms in an original sentence. Make sure the context of your sent sentence ence makes the idio idiom’s m’s mean meaning ing clea clear. r. 1. _________ _________________ ________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _____________ _____ ________________________________________________________________ 2. _________ _________________ ________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _____________ _____

UNIT 2


REVIEW

Here’s your chance to show what you know about the material you studied in this unit. WORDS IN CONTEXT

Complete the sentences with appropriate words from the reading.

u

1. Your ______ __________ _______ _______ _______ ___ bills bills may go up if there there is an energ energy y shortage. 2. Comp Computer uter visio vision n syndro syndrome me (CVS) (CVS) may inclu include de a

s

____________________ to light.

b

3. Years ago, ago, many many homemakers homemakers made _________ _________________ ___________ ___ every day day..

c

4. Volun olunteer teerss are sometimes sometimes required required to make a _________ _____________ _______ _______ ____ for a certain time period.

n

5. Tomat omato o plants bought bought at a _______ __________ _______ _______ ______ ___ should should be about about eight inches tall.

m

6. The store store manager manager must must try to _______ ___________ ________ ________ _____ _ the angry angry customer.

r

7. Psych Psycholog ologists ists say that that contentmen contentmentt is a ____ ________ ________ ________ ________ ____ rather rather than a cause.

3. suffixes

-less

-ment

4. plural

stems

lens

5. people

delegates

intro-

-ance

deer

causes

docents

hospices

mentors

ANALOGIES

Analo gies are statements of relationship. Find the relationship between the first two words. Analogies Then show the same relationship by completing the analogy with a word from the unit. 1. Synonym is to thesaurus as definition is to _________________________.

4. en- is to prefix to prefix as -ology is to _________________________.

2. Buy is to rent as purchase is to _________________________.

5. Scrambled is to unscrambled as tencod is to _________________________.

3. Single is to several to several as symptom as symptom is to _________________________.

6. Hands are to keyboard to keyboard as eyes are to ________________________.

d l

s

s

d

m

HIDDEN WORDS PUZZLE

Find and circle the words in the puzzle. Words may go up, down, across, backward, or diagonally. Check off each word as you find it. ___ EMBELLISH EMBELLI SH

___ ADVERSE

___ ADOPTABLE ADOPTABLE

___ ACUTE

C G

P

O

E N

B

Y

I

E

S G

L

D

A O H

P O D

I

A

N T

ORIGINAL SENTENCES

Now use each word from the hidden words puzzle in a sentence of your own. Be sure that your sent sentence ence make makess the th e word’s wo rd’s mean meaning ing clear. If you y ou need n eed help, check a dictio di ctionary. nary. 1. counsel ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2. adverse ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 3. embellish ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 4. content _______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 5. acute __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 6. adoptable ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 7. foolproof ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 8. consistency ____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 9. yield ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________


UNIT 3

PREVIEW

Here’s an introduction to the vocabulary terms, concepts, and skills you will study in this unit unit.. Answers An swers are upsi upside de down d own on the t he botto b ottom m of the page page.. TRUE OR FALSE

falsee. Write T or F to show whether each statement is true or fals

1. _____ The prefix mega- means “one thousand.” 2. _____ The words feasible and unrealistic are synonyms. 3. ___ _____ __ A custo customer mer’s ’s reg regula ularr payme payments nts to to an insu insuran rance ce comp company any are called premiums. 4. _____ The suffix -ant means “one who does something.” 5. _____ The wo word supplement can be used as a noun or a verb. 6. _____ The words reprocessed and recycled are antonyms. 7. __ ____ ____ On Onee kin kind d of of meg megav avit itam amin in is ca call lled ed a chamois. 8. ___ _____ So Some meon onee who do doees a heinous deed deserves punishment. ELEMENTS ELEM ENTS OF VOCABULARY VOCABULARY

First, circle the correctly spelled word in each pair. Then write noun , verb, adjective, or adverb to show that word’s part of speech.

UNIT 3

Lesson 1


GLOSSARY

glossar ssary y is an alphabetical index of useful terms. In this book, glossary A glo entries are drawn from the various activities of everyday life. adamant not giving in easily; firm;

unyielding

lackluster dull; not bright, interesting,

or forceful

bigot a prejudiced, narrowminded

libel the crime of printing something

person with strong, stubbornly held opinions

that unfairly damages a person’s reputation

expunge to

erase

or

remove

completely

net what is left after certain amounts

have been subtracted

feasible possible; capable of being

nostalgia a wishing for something

done under conditions as they are

that happened long ago or is now far away

gross total; entire; with nothing

taken away hoard to collect and stow away,

often secretly innate given by nature; seeming to

have been born in a person jettison jett ison to throw away or get rid of

WORDS IN CONTEXT

nurture to care for; to help someone

or something grow and develop permeate to pass through or spread

through every part roster a list naming members of a

group, such as students, soldiers, or teammates

3. Your _____________ ______________________ _________ salary is also called called “take-home “take-home pay.” pay.” 4. They had had to ________ ____________ ________ ________ ______ __ cargo cargo to keep their their sinking sinking ship afloat. 5. When remem rememberin bering g their youth, youth, olde olderr people people may get get carried carried away with ______________________. 6. The congress congresswoman woman was was ________ ____________ _______ _______ _______ ___ about about her refusal to run for reelection. 7. The judge judge has the power power to ______ __________ _______ _______ _______ _____ __ the criminal record of a rehabilitated person. 8. As the campers campers enter entered ed the bus, bus, the scoutma scoutmaster ster called called roll roll from his ______________________. 9. As the bread bakes, bakes, a wonderful wonderful aroma aroma will _________ _____________ ________ _______ _____ __ the air. 10. The famous famous actor’s actor’s performance performance was strangely strangely _______ ___________ ________ _______ _____. __. 11. Only a ______ __________ _______ _______ _______ _____ __ would would make such a hatefu hatefull remark. 12. My brother brother likes likes to ________ ____________ _______ _______ _______ ___ candy candy in a coffee coffee can hidden under his bed.

ANTONYMS

Complete the puzzle with words from the glossary. Clue words are antonyms (words with opposite meanings) of the answer words.

1

L 2

I 3

E

ACROSS 4

2. acquired

J 5

5. neglect

N

6. distr triibute 7. uncertain DOWN

1. brilliant

6

H

3. engrave 4. salvage

7

A

LOOK IT UP!

Check a dictionary to find the information you need to complete the sentences.

1. The adjective forms of bigot and nostalgia are ____________________ and ______________________. 2. The words nurture, libel, and hoard can be used as _________________ as well as verbs. 3. The

dition dit ion

e of bei

bigot is called ____________________.

UNIT 3

Lesson 2


Buying Life Insurance

How much do you know about the vocabulary of insurance? The chart below lists life insurance rates for people of various ages. Read the explanatory notes under the chart.

AFFORDABLE LIFE INSURANC E NON-TOBACCO RATES (MONTHLY) $10 $1 01,0 ,000 00

$250 $2 50,0 ,000 00

$500 $5 00,0 ,000 00

MALE MA LE FEMAL FEMALEE


TOBACCO RATES (MONTHLY)

$1,0 $1 ,000 00,0 ,000 00

ISSUE AGEE AG

MALE MA LE

20–25 20– 25

11.7 .77 7

11.24 18.8 8.81 1

26

11.7 .77 7

11.2 .24 4

27

11.86

11.3 .33 3 19. 9.03 03

17.7 .71 1 31.06 28 28.4 .43 3

55..12 55

28

11.86

11.3 .33 3 19. 9.03 03

17.7 .71 1 31.06 28 28.4 .43 3

29

11.86

11.3 .33 3 19. 9.03 03

17.7 .71 1 31.06 28 28.4 .43 3

30

11.86

11.3 .33 3 19. 9.03 03

31

11.86

32

$10 $1 01,0 ,000 00

MALE MA LE

FEMA FE MALE LE

ISSUE AGEE AG

17.50 30.62 30.62

28.00 28. 00 54.2 54.25 5

49.00 49. 00

20–25 20– 25

16.7 6.72 2

17.50 30.6 30.62 2

28.0 28 .00 0 54. 54.25 25 49 49.0 .00 0

26

16. 6.98 98

49.8 49 .87 7

27

55..12 55

49.8 49 .87 7

55..12 55

49.8 49 .87 7

17.7 .71 1 31.06 28 28.4 .43 3

55..12 55

11.3 .33 3 19. 9.03 03

17.7 .71 1 31.06 28 28.4 .43 3

11.86

11.3 .33 3 19. 9.03 03

33

11.86

11.3 .33 3 19. 9.03 03

34

11.94

35

11.94

36

FEMA FE MALE LE


$500 $5 00,0 ,000 00

14.0 4.07 7 31.06 24. 24.50 50 55.12

42.00 42. 00 103. 03.25 25

77.00

14.15

31.7 .71 1

24.7 24 .71 1 56 56.4 .43 3

42.4 42 .43 3 105 05.8 .87 7

77.8 .87 7

16. 6.98 98

14. 4.24 24

31.7 .71 1

24.9 24 .93 3 56.43 56.43

42.8 42 .87 7 105 05.8 .87 7

78.7 78 .75 5

28

16. 6.98 98

14. 4.24 24

31.7 .71 1

24.9 24 .93 3 56.43 56.43

42.8 42 .87 7 105 05.8 .87 7

78.7 78 .75 5

29

16. 6.98 98

14. 4.24 24

31.7 .71 1

24.9 24 .93 3 56.43 56.43

42.8 42 .87 7 105 05.8 .87 7

78.7 78 .75 5

49.8 49 .87 7

30

16. 6.98 98

14. 4.24 24

31.7 .71 1

24.9 24 .93 3 56.43 56.43

42.8 42 .87 7 105 05.8 .87 7

78.7 78 .75 5

55..12 55

49.8 49 .87 7

31

17.0 .07 7

14. 4.24 24 31.9 .93 3

24.9 24 .93 3 56 56.8 .87 7

42.8 42 .87 7 106 06.7 .75 5

78.7 78 .75 5

17.7 .71 1 31.06 28 28.4 .43 3

55..12 55

49.8 49 .87 7

32

17.0 .07 7

14. 4.24 24 31.9 .93 3

24.9 24 .93 3 56 56.8 .87 7

42.8 42 .87 7 106 06.7 .75 5

78.7 78 .75 5

17.7 .71 1 31.06 28 28.4 .43 3

55..12 55

49.8 49 .87 7

33

17.0 .07 7

14. 4.33 33 31.9 .93 3

25..15 56 25 56.8 .87 7

43.3 43 .31 1 108 08.50 .50 79 79.6 .62 2

11.3 .33 3 19. 9.25 25

17.7 .71 1 31.50 28 28.4 .43 3 56. 56.00 00

49.8 49 .87 7

34

17.2 .25 5

14. 4.33 33 32.37 32.37

25..15 25

43.3 43 .31 1 108 08.50 .50 79 79.6 .62 2

11.4 .41 1 19. 9.25 25

17.9 .93 3 31.50 28 28.8 .87 7 56. 56.00 00 50 50.75 .75

35

17.4 .42 2

14. 4.5 51 32 32.8 .81 1

25.59 25 .59 58.62 58.62

44..18 11 44 110. 0.25 25

81.3 .37 7

12. 2.03 03

11.50 19. 19.46 46

18.15

31.9 .93 3

29.3 29 .31 1

56.8 56 .87 7

51.6 .62 2

36

17.7 .78 8

14. 4.68 68 33.68 33.68 26 26.0 .03 3 60 60.3 .37 7 45 45.06 .06 113. 3.75 75

83..12 83

37

12.12

11.59 19. 19.68 68

18. 8.37 37 32.3 32.37 7

29.7 29 .75 5

57.7 .75 5

52.50 52 .50

37

18. 8.1 13

15. 5.04 04 34.56 34.56 26 26.90 .90 62 62..12

38

12. 2.2 21

11.7 .77 7 19. 9.90 90

18. 8.8 81 32 32.8 .81 1

30.6 30 .62 2 58. 58.62 62 54 54.2 .25 5

38

18. 8.57 57

15. 5.39 39 35.65 35.65

27.7 .78 8 64 64.3 .31 1 48 48.56 .56 121.6 .62 2

39

12. 2.39 39

11.94 20.3 20.34 4

19. 9.25 25 33.68 33.68

31.50 60 60.3 .37 7

56.0 56 .00 0

39

19. 9.1 19

15.7 5.74 4

28.65 28. 65

40

12. 2.56 56

12. 2.2 21 20.78 20.78

19. 9.90 90 34.56 34.56

32.8 32 .81 1

58.6 58 .62 2

40

20.0 20 .07 7

16. 6.27 27 39.37 39.37

37.18

MALE MA LE FEMA FEMALE LE

$1,0 $1 ,000 00,0 ,000 00 FEMA FE MALE LE

62..12 62

FEMA FE MALE LE

$250 $2 50,0 ,000 00

MALE MA LE

18. 8.8 81

MALE MA LE

57.7 .75 5

46.8 46 .81 1 117.2 .25 5 86. 86.62 62 90..12 90

67.3 .37 7

50.31 50.3 1 127.75 93. 93.62 62

29.96 29 .96 71.7 .75 5

52.9 52 .93 3 136 36.50 .50 98. 98.87 87

Other amounts available upon request. Premiums are based on applicant’s age at nearest birthday. Policies are non-canc elable as long as premiums are paid. Premiums may be paid by bank draft, annually, semiannually, or monthly. (A no-cost medical exam may be required depending on age, health, or amount of coverage desired.) Above premiums pre miums are preferre pre ferredd rates. Level death dea th benefit benefi t to age 95. Premiums Premium s increase increas e annually. All policies are issued and subject to underwriting by ABC Insurance Company.

2. What What twelve twelve-le -lette tterr verb verb in the the readin reading g means “officially assuming liability to the amount of a specified sum”?

________________________

3. What What eighteight-let letter ter nou noun n in the the readi reading ng means “payments “payments made by an insurance company”?

________________________ b

4. What What eighteight-let letter ter nou noun n in the the readi reading ng means “regular payments made to keep an insurance policy in force”?

________________________

u

p

READING A CHART

Use information from the chart on the previous page to answer the questions.

1. What monthly monthly premi premium um would would a 30-year 30-year-old -old,, non-s non-smokin moking g woman pa pay fo for a $250,000 li life in insurance po policy? ______________ 2. How much much more woul would d the same woman hav havee to pay pay each month if she were a smoker?

______________

3. Are month monthly ly life life insur insurance ance rates high higher er for for males males or females?

______________

4. Does the chart chart list month monthly ly premiu premium m rates rates for for 15-year-olds?

______________

5. What monthly monthly rate would would a 38-ye 38-year ar-old -old,, non-s non-smokin moking g male pay for a $500,000 life insurance policy? ______________ THE SUFFIX -ant

SYNONYMS

Complete the crossword puzzle with words from the read reading. ing. Clue Cluess are ar e synonyms synon yms (words with similar meanings) of the answer words.

2

1

A

A

ACROSS

1. yearly

3

A

3. sums

4

D

5. obtainable 6. closest 5

A

DOWN

2. in inex exp pens nsiv ivee 6

4. wanted

N

WORDS IN CONTEXT

Circle a letter to show how each sentence should be completed. Hint: Pay attention to the boldface words. Check a dictionary if you need help.

1. An insur insuranc ancee compa company ny consi consider derss your your issue age to be a. your age at death. 2. Insurance rates are

b. the date you were born.

c. your age when the policy is written.

UNIT 3

Lesson 3


Megavitamins: A Good Idea?

Have you read anything about megavitamin therapy ? Some people believe that taking massive doses (called megadoses ) of vitamins can cure certain medical problems. Studies by the American Medical Association, however, have not proven this. The AMA warns that large doses should be taken only after a specific need has been identified by yo ur doctor. People who d o take dietary supplements without a prescription should read the precautions on the label carefully. They should be especially guarded if they:

• are allerg allergic ic to to any prescription or nonprescription medicine, • are pregnant pregnant or breastfeeding breastfeeding,, • are currently currently using using any other other prescribed or over over-the-counter -the-counter (OTC) medicine, • have any other other medical problem problems. s. Vita minss sho Vitamin shoul uldd be sto store redd awa away y from heat and direct light—and out of the reach of children. Heat or moisture can break down vitamin supplements. Vitamins Vita mins in an oral ora l liquid liqui d form should shou ld be kept from freezing. Outdated dietary supplements—or those no longer needed—should be promptly discarded.

WORD SEARCH

1. What What four four-le -lette tterr adjec adjective tive in the the reading means “by mouth”? 2. Wha Whatt five-l five-lett ett

lural lur al noun noun in in th

o

__________________________

ANTONYMS

Complete the crossword puzzle with words from the read reading. ing. Clue Cluess are ar e antonyms (words that mean the opposite) of the answer words.

1

2

D

W

3

L

ACROSS 4

5

P

3. solid

O

4. debunked 7

6

6. eventually

P

M

DOWN

1. saved 2. invites 5. fresh 7. tiny

THE PREFIX mega- mega-

mega-- means “one million.” In a figurative sense (nonliteral), mega mega-- means Literally, mega “large, great, or powerful.” If you need help, use a dictionary to find the mega word that corr correctl ectlyy complet co mpletes es each e ach sente sentence. nce.

1. To describe describe a wealthy wealthy man, man, you you might use use the slang slang expression expression:: “That guy has _________ _________________ _____________!” _____!” 2. A _____

__ is a funnel-sh funnel-shaped aped device device designed designed to

WORD HISTORY

Unscramble the words to complete the word history below. Use context clues for help.

The word GYLREAL _________ _________________ ________ is an Americanism that came into English from the NAMREG _________________ _________________ language. The NAMREG ________ ________________ __________ word was coined from the ancient KEGER ________ _________________ _________ adjective allos, meaning “other,” and another KEGER _________________ word meaning “work” or “action.” The combination was meant to give the ADIE _________________ _________________ of a reaction to a GORENIF _________________ substance. WORDS IN CONTEXT

Use words from the reading to complete the sentences.

1. If you eat a well-b well-balanc alanced ed diet, diet, your your vitamin vitamin needs needs will be be met without taking a ______________________. 2. The quality quality of of a vitamin vitamin supplem supplement ent can can be reduce reduced d by exposur exposuree to heat or ______________________. 3. The ______ _________ _______ _______ _______ ______ __ on a dietary dietary suppleme supplement nt usually usually lists certain precautions precautions.. 4. A manufactur manufacturer er of vitamin vitaminss does not not know know your perso personal nal medical medical

UNIT 3

Lesson 4


Understanding Mass Mailings

Retailers sometimes solicit business through a mass mailing. Have you ever received a flyer like the one below? Read the details carefully to figure out the terms and conditions of this sales promotion.

STARMART ST ARMART C E RTI RTIFI FICA CATE TE VALID VALI D TH UR URSDAY, SDAY, FEB RUA RUARY RY 1 THR THROUG OUGH H SATURDAY, SATU RDAY, FEB FEBRUA RUARY RY 10

10

%

10 DAYS ONLY! ALL REGU REGULAR LAR-PRICE -PRICED D

OFFF MERCHANDISE OF

003199105010 12-DIGIT 12-DIGI T Authorization Number

Consumer: Present this certificate to the StarMart register operator for your 10% discount on eligible merchandise prior to processing your purchase. This promotion is limited to on-h on-hand, and, in-s in-stock tock merc merchand handise ise only. The 10% disc discount ount may not be appl applied ied to sale or clearance merchandise, tobacco, or alcoholic beverages, co-pay on prescriptions, deli foods, gift certificates, the portrait studio, layaway purchases, or special order merchandise. State and local taxes due on StarMart purchases may not be discounted. Quantities are limited. No sales to dealers or distributors for purpose of resale. 2001 © StarMart Corporation REGISTE R OPERA REGISTER OPER ATOR: Ring purchase as an Associate Discount. Enter the authorization number as the associate number. number.

THIS COUPON REDE EMABLE AT STARMART STARMART LOCATIONS LOCATIONS ONL ONLY Y

PREFERRED PREFE RRED CUSTOME CUSTOMER R

2. What nine nine-lett -letter er plural plural noun in the read reading ing means “sellers of goods in small amounts to customers who will use them”? _________________________

r

3. What What eight eight-le -lette tterr adjec adjectiv tivee in the reading means “qualified for”?

_________________________

4. What What six-le six-lette tterr noun noun in in the the readi reading ng means “part of a printed ad that gives the holder certain rights”?

_________________________

e

c

SYNONYMS

Complete the crossword puzzle with words from the readi reading. ng. Clue Cluess are ar e synonyms synon yms (words with similar meanings) of the answer words.

1

3

C

4

ACROSS

3. 5. 6. 7.

buyer seek restricte ted d to buy

D 5

S

6

L

DOWN

1. amounts 2. previous 4. numeral WORDS IN CONTEXT

7

P

2

Q

P

3. This sa sales promotion does not provide a discount on tobacco products. a. authorization

b. campaign

c. business

4. Th Thee dis disco coun untt cou coupo pon n is is valid only until February 10. a. purchasable

b. legal

c. in effect

5. The register operator will ring up your purchase. a. repair person

b. sales clerk

c. operations manager

6. An it item pu put on on layaway is not eligible for the 10 percent discount. a. to be paid in full at a later date

b. charged on a debit card

c. bedding items such as sheets

WORD FORMS

Complete the chart. Write either the noun form or the verb form of the boldface words. VE RB FORM

N O U N F OR M

_________________________

authorization

solicit

_________________________

_________________________

distributors

_________________________

promotion

UNIT 3

Lesson 5


Practicing Conservation

As the world’s population grows, so does the need for conservation—the wise use of Earth’ Earth’ss resources. Here are some simple steps you can take to create a sustainable future. 1. Drive less. Each gallon of gas your car burns creates 20 pounds of a gas called carbon dioxide— which contributes to global warming. Walk, bike, carpool, or use public transit instead. 2. Reduce, reuse, recycle. B u y only what you need, and purchase used goods when you can. Buy in bulk. Look for recyclable and minimal packaging. Compost organic waste. 3. Protect and save water. Don’t dump waste into storm drains. Use non-toxic cleaning and garden products. When you landscape, use drought-resistant plants. 4. Eat fewer meat and dairy products. Producing one pound of beef consumes up to 30 times more energy than producing one

one pound of meat. Eat more vegetables. 5. Plant more trees. Trees do more than provide oxygen. They also cool buildings naturally—saving the energy required for air conditioning. 6. Be “energy smart” at home. • Insul Insulate ate doors and windows windows.. • Use energy-efficient energy-efficient light bulbs bulbs and appliances. • Set your thermostat ther mostat at 68 maximum. Sleep with socks on.

°

• Turn down your refrigerator refrigerator and hot water heater settings to the lowest recommended temperature. • Light only only the room you you are using at the moment. (A dim

2. What What eight eight-le -lette tterr adjec adjectiv tivee in the reading describes something that has been re reprocessed to to be be us used ag again?

________________________

3. What What nine-l nine-lett etter er noun noun name namess a catego category ry that includes things like cardboard boxes, cellophane wrapping, etc.?

________________________

4. What What six-le six-lette tterr noun noun in in the rea readin ding g names a clear gas that has no odor and is a chemical element?

________________________

r

p o

ANTONYMS

Complete the crossword puzzle with word wordss from fr om the t he readi r eading. ng. Clue words are antonyms (words that mean the opposite) of the answer words. AC R O S S

2

1

D

N

3

M

D OWN

3. maximal

1. bright

5. local

2. artificially

6. more

4. highest

4

L 5

G

6

L

WORDS IN CONTEXT

Circle a letter to show the meaning of the boldface word or words.

3. Your house house will be more energ energy-eff y-efficien icientt if you insulate your doors and windows. a. replace wood with steel

b. carefully clean and paint

c. seal cracks to prevent drafts

4. When you bu buy in bulk, you reduce waste and save money. a. very bulky items

b. large amounts of something

c. multiple small packages

THE PREFIXES non- AND un-

The prefixes non- and un- both mean “not.” How do you know which one to use? Often, your ear will tell you. For example, which word sounds right—unviolent or nonviolen nonvi olent t ? (Nonviolent is the correct word.) If you’re still not sure after saying the words alou aloud, d, check c heck a dictio di ctionary. nary.

1. a _____fatal heart attack

4. a _____ fiction book

2. _____cooked foods

5. an _____ confirmed appointment

3. fe feel elin ing g ___ ______ welcome

6. a _____resident

SYNONYMS

Unscramble the words from the reading. Then draw a line to match each word with synonym nym (word with similar meaning). its syno

1. SCOSK _______________________________

a. cereal

2. PEELS _______________________________

b. slumber


Lesson 6

Washing Your Car

Cleaning your car frequently helps preserve its beauty and protect your investment. Here are some helpful dos and don’ts about the proper way to wash and wax your car car.. • Wash the car in a shady shady area rather rather than in direct sunlight. If the car has been parked in the sun, move it into the shade so it can cool down before you start. • Use only solvents solvents and cleaners recommended recommend ed in your car’s Owner’s Manual Manu al . Some strong cleaners and chemical solvents can damage the paint, metal, and plastic on your car. • First, use use cool water water to rinse the car thoroughly (from the top down) to remove loose dirt. • Fill a bucket bucket with cool water water and add a mild detergent (such as dishwashing liquid). Wash the car, working from the top down, using this solution and a soft-bristle

• Check the car for for road tar, tar, tree sap, etc. Remove these stains with turpentine, and rinse off immediately. Even if the rest of the car does not need waxing, remember to rewax these areas. • After rinsing the whole exterior, exterior, dry the car with a chamois or soft towel. (Letting it air-dry will cause dulling and water spots.) • If water doesn’t form form into beads beads or droplets on the car’s surface, it’s time to wax the car—including the metal trim. Be sure to use a quality liquid or paste wax, and follow the directions on the container. A wax coats the finish, protecting it from damage by exposure to sunlight, air pollution, and so on.

2. What What ten-le ten-lette tterr noun noun in in the the readi reading ng names a colorless oil made from tree sap that’s used as a paint remover?

________________________

3. What What eighteight-let letter ter plu plural ral noun noun in the the reading means “substances that can be used to to di dissolve an another su substa tan nce”?

________________________

t

s

SYNONYMS 1

Complete the crossword puzzle with words from the readi reading. ng. Clue Cluess are ar e synonyms synon yms (words with similar meanings) of the answer words. ACROSS

F

3

2

B

C

4

L

2. pail 5. promptly 6. certain DOWN

1. often

5

I

2. droplet 3. package 4. permitt ttiing

6

S

WORDS IN CONTEXT

Complete the sentences with words from the reading. For help, use context clues (hints given by the other words in the sentence).

4. Tree sap sap and road road tar can put ______ _________ _______ _______ _______ ______ __ on your your car’s finish. 5. You protect protect your _______ ___________ ________ ________ _______ ___ in your your car when you maintain its appearance appearance.. 6. Daily _____ ________ _______ _______ _______ _______ ___ to blazin blazing g sunshine sunshine can can fade your car’s paint. ANTONYMS

First unscramble the words from the reading. Then draw a line to match each unscrambled word with its antonym (word that means the opposite).

1. GLUDNIL 2. DAYSH

________________________

____________________________

a. apply b. interior

3. OTERIXER ________________________

c. sunny

4. EVMORE

d. brightening

________________________


Some words have entirely different meanings when they’re used in different contexts. Write an origi o riginal nal sent sentence ence for each defi definiti nition on given. g iven.

1. solution (answ (answer er to a problem) problem) ____ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ _______ _______ _______ ___ _________________________________________________________________

UNIT 3

Lesson 7


VOCABULARY STRETCH


Read the dictionary definitions of the ten boldface words. Then circle the word that correctly completes each sentence. Hint: For additional help, use context clues.

1. Sama Samant ntha ha tr trie ied d to to ( cajole / inundate ) her brother into doing some of her chores. 2. To win the debate debate,, Carl had had to succ successfu essfully lly ( exhort / refute ) his opponent’s argument. 3. Ricky was was frightene frightened; d; his confide confident nt appearan appearance ce was was only a ( façade / enigma ). 4. The The moun mountai tain n clim climbe berr had had a ( heinous / precarious ) foothold on the steep slope. 5. Making Making the All All-St -Star ar team team wa wass the the ( gamut / acme ) of Katy’s softball career. Now write sentences of your own, using the boldface word choices you did not use to comple c omplete te the t he sente s entences nces abov above. e.

1.

WORD:

_______________________

SENTENCE :

______________________________

________________________________________________________________

5.

WORD:

_______________________

SENTENCE :

______________________________

________________________________________________________________ 1

SYNONYMS

R

Complete the crossword puzzle with some of the t he words w ords you stud studied ied on the previous page. Clues are synonyms synon yms (words with similar meanings) of the answer words.

2

H

4

3

I 5

C

AC R O S S

2. 3. 6. 7.

wicked overwhelm peak unsecure

D OW N

6

A

1. disprove 4. urge 5. flatter 7

P

WORDS IN CONTEXT

Unscramble the boldface word wordss to corr correctl ectlyy complet co mpletee the th e senten se ntences. ces. (Ans (Answers wers are words you stud studied ied on the t he previ p revious ous page page.) .)

1. The locati location on of of the stole stolen n painting painting is still still an NIMAG NIMAGE E ______________________. 2. We hope the teache teacherr doesn’t doesn’t NUTNADIE NUTNADIE _________ ____________ _______ ________ ______ __ us with homework this weekend.

E

ANTONYMS

Draw a line to match each boldface word with its antonym (word that means the opposite). If you need help, check a dictionary.

1. heinous

a. nadir

2. cajole

b. berate

3. acme

c. firm

4. precarious

d. holy

EVERYDAY IDIOMS

idioms ms, that cannot be understood literally. All lang languages uages have cert certain ain expr expressi essions, ons, or idio English has many thousands of idiomatic expressions. That’s why understanding common idioms is an important part of vocabulary development. Write a letter le tter to match m atch each idio idiom m on the left with its mean meaning ing on the t he right r ight..

1. _____ to bark up the wrong tree

a. impr improv ovee wh what at do does esn’ n’tt need improvement

2. _____ to walk a tightrope

b. hav havee man many y res respon ponsib sibili ilitie tiess

3. _____ to gild the lily

c. pr proc ocee eed d very very cau cauti tiou ousl sly y

4. _____ to wear more

d. ask ask the the wr wron ong g per perso son; n; make the wrong choice

than one hat IDIOMS IN CONTEXT

Circle a letter to show the meaning of each boldface idiom. Hint: Use context clues for help.

1. When we we eat at an expen expensive sive restaur restaurant, ant, my friends friends and and I always always go Dutch. a. use our b. take turns c. split the


UNIT 3

REVIEW

Here’s your chance to show what you’ve learned in this unit! WORDS IN CONTEXT

Complete the sentences with words you studied in Unit 3. Use context clues for help.

1. A ________ ____________ ________ ________ ______ __ is a group group of letter letterss added added at the end end of a word to change its meaning. 2. Life insur insurance ance rates are higher higher for peopl peoplee who use ______________________ than for people who don’t. 3. Massi Massive ve doses doses of vitamins vitamins are called called _______ ___________ ________ _______ _______ ____.. 4. If you have have a ________ ____________ ________ ________ ______ __ that entitles entitles you you to a store discount, you will save money. 5. As the world’ world’ss population population grows grows,, so so does does the need need for for ______________________ of Earth’s resources. 6. To keep drafts drafts out and heat in, you should should _______ __________ _______ _______ _______ ______ your doors and windows. 7. It takes 16 pounds pounds of of ________ ____________ _______ _______ _______ ___ to produc producee one pound pound of beef.

3. An an anto ton nym of enter enter is TIXE _________________________. 4. An an anto ton nym of interior is REXRIOTE _________________________. pail is TECKUB _________________________. 5. A sy synonym of of pail ANALOGIES

Analo gies are statements of relationship. Find the relationship between the first two words. Analogies Then complete the analogy with a word from the unit that shows the same relationship.

1. More is to less as gross is to

3. Premium is to benefit as life is to

_______________________. 2. Child is to children as bigot is to

_______________________. 4. “Again” is to reas “not” is to

_______________________.

_______________________.

HIDDEN WORDS PUZZLE

Find and circle the words in the puzzle. Words may go g o up, up , down, do wn, acros a cross, s, backw b ackward, ard, or diagonally. Check off each word as you find it. ___ NONTOXIC NONTOXIC

___ INSURANCE INSUR ANCE

___ ENERGY

___ EXPOSURE

___ APPLICANT

___ REFUTE

___ THERAPY

___ FAÇADE FAÇADE

___ ELIGIBLE

___ WAX WAX

A

Y G R

E N

E O

L

I

F

N

P

B

F

E

D

A

C

A

F

M

O

A

P

G

Z

W R

E

J

H

X

N

R

C

L

V

B

R

A

S

E

R

T

E M Y

I

U O

L

C

L

P V

O H

A

J

S

C K

N B

I

X

T

P

O

K

L

L

O

G C

I

C

P

B M R

D N

U

I

E

C

X

A

W U

E

R

Y

T

B

P

E

U

P

S

A

S

D

F

E

L

U

R

T

N

O

P

E

T

U

F

E

R

A

2. consumer ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 3. bulk ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 4. insurance ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 5. eligible ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 6. wax ____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 7. exposure _______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 8. energy _________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 9. applicant ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 10. refute

UNIT 4


PREVIEW

Here’s an introduction to the vocabulary terms, concepts, and skills you will study in this unit unit.. Answer An swerss are ar e upside up side down on the t he botto b ottom m of the page page..

false. e. Write T or F to show whether each statement is true or fals 1. ___ _____ __ Th The e abbr abbrev evia iati tion on mg stands for milligram milligram.. 2. ____ _____ _ Cheese Cheese and and lettuc lettuce e are two popu popular lar condiments used in sandwiches. 3. __ ____ ___ _ You wi will ll nee need d a drill to repair a leaky faucet. 4. ____ _____ _ Two multi multiple ple-me -meani aning ng words words are are saw and coat coat.. 5. __ ____ ___ _ Th The e wor words ds indispensable and and essential essential are synonyms. 6. ____ _____ _ Every langu language age has has exactl exactly y the the same same idioms. 7. __ ____ ___ _ Th The e wor words ds vandal and tagger are antonyms. 8. __ ____ ___ _ Mo Most st tra traff ffic ic fatalities fatalities occur on Friday and Saturday nights. WORDS IN CONTEXT

Complete each sentence with a word from the box. Use context clues to help you select the right word. te na cio us p re v a l e n t

l u c ra t i v e in cle me nt

n eg li g ib le p re c i s e

re d u n d a n t mul ti tud in ou s


Lesson 1

GLOSSARY

glossary sary is an alphabetical index of useful terms. In this book, glossary A glos entries are drawn from the various activities of everyday life. corroborate to confirm or add proof

to a supposed fact discretion prudence; care in what

one says or does divulge to reveal or make known efficiency the quality or fact of

redundant unnecessary; more than

enough status rank or standing; state or

condition tangible real, solid; able to be touched

or felt

accomplishing a task with the least waste of time, effort, etc.

transaction task or piece of business

gratuity a tip; money given in return

veteran someone who has served in

for some service inclement rough or stormy liability the condition of being

obliged by law to pay physique the form or shape of a

person’s body recipient a person or thing that

receives something

carried out or completed the armed forces veto to prevent or forbid something

to be done virulent deadly; very harmful or

poisonous waive to give up a right, claim, or

privilege of some kind

3. The ______ _________ _______ _______ _______ ____ was was finalized finalized when when all parties parties signed signed the contract. 4. Can anyone anyone ________ ____________ ________ ________ ____ your your whereabou whereabouts ts on June June 10? 5. Will you you track track the ____ ________ _______ _______ _______ _____ __ of my rush rush order? order? 6. Mrs Mrs.. Currier Currier leaves leaves a generous generous _______ ___________ ________ ________ _____ _ when she gets especially good service. 7. Will the the suspect suspect _______ ___________ _______ _______ ______ __ his right right to call call a lawyer? lawyer? 8. Barry Barry’s ’s _______ ___________ ________ _______ _____ __ was greatly greatly improved improved by long long hours of exercise and lifting weights. 9. It’ It’ss wise to use _______ __________ _______ _______ ______ ___ when when dealing dealing with stranger strangers. s. 10. AIDS is a ________ ____________ ________ ________ ____ disease disease on the the African African contin continent. ent. 11. Joe apprec appreciated iated everyo everyone’ ne’ss thanks, thanks, but he had had hoped hoped for a ____________________ reward. 12. If you’re wearing wearing suspen suspenders ders,, a belt is _______ ___________ ________ ________ _____. _. 13. No matter matter how how much we we begged begged her, her, Meliss Melissa a wouldn’t wouldn’t ____________________ her secret. 14. Jonathan Jonathan’s ’s dad is

____ of the the Vietnam W

ANTONYMS

1

Complete the puzzle with words from the glossary. Clue words are antonyms (words with opposite meanings) of the answer words.

2

ACROSS

4

V

3

C

R

I

2. disprove

5

D

5. withhold 7. claim

6

8. donor

V

7

W

DOWN

1. wholesome 8

3. necessary

R

4. fine 6. approve LOOK IT UP!

If you need help, use a dictionary to find the information you need to answer the questions. 1. What four verbs are used as answers in the crossword puzzle? ____ __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __

____ __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __

____ __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __

____ __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __

2. What are the two silen silentt letter letterss in the word waive waive?? ____ ________ ________ _______ ______ ___

UNIT 4

Lesson 2


Reading Food Labels

Most of us use condiments every day. These are the seasonings, dressings, or relishes we use to make foods taste better. Some familiar condiments are pepper,, mustard, ketchup, mayonnaise, and other sauces. pepper Study the product labels below to learn more about the ingredients and nutritional value of three condiments. KETCHUP Nutrition Facts

Amount/serving

%DV*

Amount/serving

%DV*

Total Fat 0g

0%

Total Carb. 4g

1%

Sat. Fat 0g

0%

Fiber 0g

0%

Cholest. 0mg

0%

Sugars 4g

Sodium 190mg 8%

Protein 0g

Serv. Size 1 Tbsp (17g) Servings about 66 Calories 15 Fat Cal. 0 *Percent Daily Values (DV) are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.

Vitamin A 6% • Vitamin C 0% • Calcium 0% • Iron 0%

INGREDIENTS: TOMATO CONCENTRATE MADE FROM RED RIPE TOMATOES, DISTILLED VINEGAR, HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRU P, CORN S YRUP, SALT, SALT, ONION POWDER, SPICE, NATURAL FLAVORING

MAYONNAISE Nutrition Facts Serv. Size 1 Tbsp (14g) Servings Per Container 64 Amount Per Serving

INGREDIENTS: soybean oil, whole eggs, egg yolks, distilled vinegar, water, salt, sugar, spices, lemon juice, and calcium

40 oz. (1.13kg)

MUSTARD Nutrition Facts Serv. Size 1 Tsp (5g) Servings About 113 Amount Per Serving

*Percent Daily Values (DV) are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. INGREDIENTS: DISTILLED VINEGAR AND WATER, NO. 1 GRADE MUSTARD SEED, SALT,

WORD SEARCH

1. What fivefive-lett letter er verb verb in the read reading ing mean meanss “to “t o exa exami mine ne fo forr the the pu purp rpos ose e of of lea learn rnin ing” g”?? 2. What What seven seven-le -lette tterr noun noun in the the readin reading g names a sour, fermented liquid used to flavor or pickle foods?

____ __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __ s

______________________ v

3. What fivefive-lett letter er noun noun in the the readi reading ng means “coarse foods, such as cereals, that help move wasste pr wa pro odu duct ctss thr throu ough gh th the e in intes esttin ine es” s”?? ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ __

f

ANTONYMS

Complete the crossword puzzle with words from the readi reading. ng. Clue Cluess are ar e antonyms (words that mean the oppos opposite) ite) of the t he answer a nswer word words. s. 3

ACROSS

1. 5. 8. 9.

W

delayed subtracted boil strange

SYNONYMS

2

R

N

6

A

C

7

D

8

green partial artificial irritable nightly

4

P

5

DOWN

2. 3. 4. 6. 7.

1

9

F

R

3. Pa Packag ckaged ed food labels labels provide provide INRUINTOT INRUINTOT ______ __________ _______ _______ _______ ___ facts about your body’s daily requirements for nourishment nourishment.. 4. Pe People ople use use GINSASEN GINSASENOS OS ________ ___________ _______ _______ _____, __, or spices spices,, to make their foods tastier. ABBREVIATIONS

Choose the word from the box that matches each abbreviation . Hint: You will not use all the words in the box. m i l l i g ra m

g ra m

m eg al it er

o u n ce

q ua nti ty

g ra i n

k i l o g ra m

qu art

mi ll il i ter

t ea spo on

ta bl esp oo n

ozo ne

1. ml _________________________

5. oz. _________________________

2. kg __ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___

6. qt qt.. ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ __

3. mg ____ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___

7. tbs bsp p __ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ _

4. g __ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___

8. tsp ___ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ _

COMPARING LABELS

Use information from the labels on page 84 to answer the questions. 1. Which Which condim condiment ent has the high highest est numb number er of calories per serving? Which has the lowest?

____________________ ____________________


Lesson 3

Tools and Tasks

Most young people look forward to moving out on their own. But independent living carries new responsibilities as well as new freedoms. Who will do simple building projects and fix things that break? Every young adult—male and female alike—should be prepared to deal with simple household tasks. You’ll need n eed more m ore than th an a bed be d and a few groceries to be self-sufficient. You’re You’ re go goin ingg to re requ quir iree so some me ba basi sicc tools for routine repairs (leaky faucets, loose doorknobs) as well as for everyday projects (hanging a picture, putting up shelves). Following is a list of essential tools that everyone should own and learn how to use:

Hammer A basic claw hammer is a necessity for most projects from hanging pictures to tacking down loose carpet. Adjustabl Adju stablee wrench wren ch This basic tool

Screwdrivers Both a standard and a Phillips-head screwdriver are necessary for most assembly work as well as for tightening loose screws. Drill A handheld drill is perfect for drilling holes in wood or metal. Most drills come with screwdriver bits. Saws An old-fashioned hacksaw is great for cutting through pipe and plastic. When you need more power, a circular saw is your best option. Pliers Reach for the pliers to get a firm grasp on a nut, bolt, or piece of pipe or wood. Needle-nose pliers are best for gripping small items or fitting in tight spots. Tape measure Few projects can be accomplished without precise measurement. A 10-foot tape measure is fine for most basic projects.

2. What What four four-le -lette tterr noun noun in the the readin reading g names a heavy metal, threaded pin used with a nut to to hold hold parts parts togethe together? r? ___ _______ _______ _______ ________ _______ _______ ______ __

b

3. What What eight eight-le -lette tterr plural plural noun noun in the the reading means “organized activities activities,, tasks, or undertakings”?

___________________________ p

ANTONYMS

Write an antonym (word that means the opposite) of each boldface word from the reading. 1. new / _________ _________________ ______________ ______

3. male /___________ /____________________ ____________ ___

2. more / ________ ________________ ______________ ______

4. best / ________ _________________ _______________ ______


Many words have entirely different meanings when they’re used in different contexts. Write two sent sentences ences for each boldface word from the reading. Make sure the word’s meaning is entirely different in each sentence.

nut

______________________________________________________________

nut

______________________________________________________________

bits ______________________________________________________________ bits ___ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ ___

SYNONYMS

1

G

Complete the crossword puzzle with words from synonyms nyms (words with the readi reading. ng. Clue Cluess are ar e syno similar meanings) of the answer words.

2

E

3

T

ACROSS

4. exact

4

P

5. choice 6. unc ncom ompl plic icat ate ed DOWN

5

1. grip

O

2. in indi disp spe ens nsab able le 3. jobs

6

S

WORDS IN CONTEXT

Unscramble the words from the reading to correctly complete the sentences. 1. You can use RESLIP RESLIP _____________ ____________________, _______, a tool like small pincers pincers,, to bend wire. 2. The solid solid metal metal head on a REMAH REMAHM M ________ ____________ ________ ________ ____ can can be used to shape metal. 3. A plumber plumber usually usually uses a CHEWRN CHEWRN ______ __________ ________ ________ ______ __ to hold hold and turn a pipe. 4. To tighten tighten a loose loose doorknob doorknob,, you will will need need to use a REDWERC REDWERCVIRS VIRS ____________________.

UNIT 4

Lesson 4


Communities Against Graffiti

Some young people make a sport of defacing structures like buildings, street signs, walls, and fences. These “graffiti artists” usually work together as a “tagging crew.” They go on “bombing runs” with the express purpose of putting their tag names on both public and private property. Many communities are demanding harsher penalties for those who commit graffiti vandalism. Juvenile offenders are now required to complete more community service hours than ever. Enforcement teams are now being made up of police officers and community volunteers. They are multiplying their efforts at surveillance, investigation, and apprehension. One large city in California has come up with a program called Tag, You Lose . This program mandates the following new penalties for taggers

1. A minimum minimum of 66 weekend weekend hours hours removing graffiti. A second offense will impose 132 hours of graffiti cleanup. 2. First time time offenders—and offenders—and their parents—are required to attend a class taught by a police officer. 3. Like all vandals vandals,, taggers taggers will be held responsible for restitution to property owners. 4. Graffiti vandals can lose their their driver’s licenses for one year. If they don’t yet have a license, their eligibility to get one will be delayed for one year year.. Enforcement team members are hopeful that the tougher penalties will

3. What elev eleven-l en-lette etterr noun noun in the the read reading ing means “the condition of being qualified for something”?

____________________

4. What elev eleven-l en-lette etterr noun noun in the the read reading ing means “the act of paying back for what has been lost or damaged”?

____________________

e

r

ANTONYMS

• First, unscramble the words from the reading. Then write each unscrambled word next to its antonym (word with the opposite meaning). EVILJUNE EV ILJUNE

____ __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ___ _

EYELADD EYELAD D ___ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ____ _

EDGAFNIC EDGA FNIC

____ __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ___ _

TRAPVIE TRA PVIE ___ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ____ _

1. public / ___________________

3. enhancing / ____________________

2. adult / ____________________

4. advanced / _____________________

• Now add vowels ( a, e, i, o, u ) to write a word from the reading next to its antonym listed below.

5. apart / T ___ G ___ T H ___ R

7. rarely / ___ S ___ ___ L L Y

6. less / M ___ R ___

8. win / L ___ S ___

SYNONYMS

Complete the crossword puzzle with words from the synonyms nyms reading. Clues are syno (words with similar meanings) of the answer words.. words

1

4

ACROSS

1. game

2

S

T

3

M

H

5

A

5. arrest 6. pu pun nis ish hme men nts DOWN

6

2. gr graf affi fiti ti ar arti tist stss

P

3. increasing 4. mo more re puni nittiv ive e

WORDS IN CONTEXT

Circle a letter to show the meaning of the boldface word or words. 1. The police kept the suspect under surveillance for several nights. a. being repeatedly questioned

b. watched over closely

c. fully informed of his rights

2. Fea earr of bei being ng cau caugh ghtt will will deter some vandals from striking.


Lesson 5

How to Paint a Room

The following instructions appear on a one-gallon can of paint. It is important to follow the directions in order. 1. Prepare the surface. Clean to remove dirt and dust. Sand lightly to brush off loose paint and dull any shine on the surface. Fill cracks and holes with spackling paste to smooth uneven areas. When dry, sand and cover repairs with a primer. 2. Mix paint thoroughly. Stir, but do not thin. 3. Paint the ceiling first. Begin by brushing a 3-inch border around the edges. Then fill a lint-free roller with paint. A full roller should cover a 2-ft. by 2-ft. area in one coat. Roll a V over a 2-ft. square section. Then roll across the V to fill in the section. Roll from dry areas into wet. Use the V technique to finish painting the ceiling. 4. Paint the walls. Brush a 3-inch border around the top, bottom, and

5. Paint trim and woodwork last. Use a 2-inch brush. 6. If necessary, apply a second coat. Allow the paint to dry four hours between coats. 7. Clean up. Wash your hands and tools with warm, soapy water water.. Use a nylon scrub brush to remove paint from brush bristles. Use a scrub sponge to thoroughly clean paint trays and brush handles.

2. What nine nine-let -letter ter nou noun n in the read reading ing means means “a method or procedure for rendering art or carrying out an operation”?

t

______________________

3. What seve seven-le n-letter tter noun in the the readin reading g means means “the “t he to top p part part of of a room room opp oppos osit ite e the the floor” floor”?? ____ __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __

c

WORDS IN CONTEXT

Circle a letter to show the meaning of each boldface word or phrase. 1. Fol ollo low w the the dire direct ctio ions ns in order. a. one at a time

b. alphabetically

c. chronologically

2. Aft After er paint painting ing the the wall walls, s, pai paint nt the the woodwork. a. window moldings, doors, etc.

b. wooden workbench

c. things like picture frames

3. Use spackling paste to fill cracks and holes. a. flour-based paste that sparkles

b. special lubricating compound

c. patching substance made of powder and water

4. Afte Afterr spackling spackling,, sand sand and and cover cover the area area with with a primer. a. liquid glue or adhesive

b. special paint used for a first coat

c.

first quality wall paint

ANTONYMS

Unscramble the words from the reading. Then write each unscrambled word next to its antonym (word with the opposite meaning).

SYNONYMS

Complete the crossword puzzle with words from the reading. Clue words are synonyms synon yms (words with similar meanings) of the answer words. ACROSS 1

1. to dilute 5. eradicate

3

6. directions

4

5

F

T

2

N

C R

8. cavities 6

DOWN

7

I

T

2. required 3. crevices 4. to co complete

8

H

7. implements ANALOGIES

Analo gies are statements of relationship. First figure out the relationship between the Analogies first two words. Then show the same relationship by completing the analogy with a word from the read reading. ing. 1. Outside is to roof as inside is to _________________________.

c

4. Prepare is to verb as shelf shelf is is to _________________________.

n

UNIT 4

Lesson 6


Safe Driving Quiz

Here’a a quick quiz to test your “safe driving” knowledge. light ht cha change ngess whi while le you you’re ’re Q If the lig in a crosswalk, what should you do? A If you can’t avoid getting caught

in a crosswalk, stay put. If you back the car up, you might hit a pedestrian crossing behind you. If you go forward, you may obstruct traffic and cause an accident. Q Who has the right-of-way when

two cars approach an intersection at the same time?

Q Which contributes more to

accidents—alcohol or speeding? A In a recent review of traffic

fatalities, alcohol contributed to 38.6% of all accidents. Speeding was the second most prevalent factor. About three in every ten Americans will be involved in an alcohol-related crash at some time in their lives.

A No one has the right-of-way!

According to the law, the driver on the left should yield, but the law doesn’t give the right-of-way to anyone. When you reach an intersection, it’s best to be prepared to yield—regardless of your position. Your courtesy and caution may prevent a collision. What’ss the most dangerous time Q What’ of the week to drive? A Saturdays. More than 18% of all

Q When you’re taking a trip, how

many miles should you plan to

WORD SEARCH

1. What What ten-l ten-lett etter er noun noun in the the readi reading ng names a person who is traveling around town on foot?

_________________________ p

2. What What nine-l nine-lett etter er compo compound und word word in in the reading means “a lane marked off for peop pe ople le to us use e whil while e cro cross ssin ing g a str stree eet” t”??

____ __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ___ _

3. What What ten-l ten-lett etter er plur plural al noun noun in the the reading means “deaths”?

_________________________

c f

ANTONYMS

First unscramble the words from the reading. Then complete each sentence by writing an unscrambled word next to its boldface antonym (word that means the opposite). NECTER ___ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ _____ __

LATER LA TER ___ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ____ _

DIOV DIO VA ___ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___

FELT FEL T ________ ___________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___

1. Mr Mrss. Ha Hans nson on tr trie ied d to to (pursue) ____________________ a conversation with her nosy neighbor. 2. When you’r you’re e looking looking at a map, map, west is on the (right) ____________________ side.

SYNONYMS

Complete the crossword puzzle with word wordss from fr om the t he readi r eading. ng. synonyms nyms (words Clues are syno with simi similar lar mean meanings ings)) of the answe answerr words. wo rds.

1 3

2 P

E

O

ACROSS

3. impede

4

4. perilous

D

5. deadly DOWN

1. common 2. fatigue

5

F

3. ideal WORDS IN CONTEXT

Circle a letter to show the meaning of each boldface word or phrase. 1. Regardless of your position, be prepared to yield the right-of-way. a. without sending regards

b. in spite of

c. in regard to

2. A recent review of fatalities listed the main causes of deadly traffic accidents. a. criticism

b. commentary

c. examination


Lesson 7

VOCABULARY STRETCH


First, look up the ten boldface words in your dictionary. Think about the definitions. Then circle the word that correctly completes each sentence. Hint: For additional help, use context clues. 1. Hect Hector’ or’ss long, long, rambl rambling ing story story was was not not very very ( sporadic / coherent ). 2. That ( impetuous / lucrative ) boy often takes dangerous risks. 3. Brittany’ Brittany’ss explanati explanation on of the the problem problem was was quite quite clear clear and ( voracious / succinct ). 4. The big big crowd crowd at the the champio championship nship game was was unusua unusually lly ( raucous / emaciated ). 5. His ( tenacious / furtive ) behavior should have aroused our suspicions. Now write sentences of your own, using the boldface word choices you did not use to comple c omplete te the t he sente s entences nces abov above. e. 1.

WORD:

_______________________

SENTENCE :

______________________________

________________________________________________________________ 2.

WORD:

_______________________

SENTENCE :

______________________________

SYNONYMS

1

2

C

Complete the crossword puzzle with word wordss you yo u studie st udiedd on the previous page. Clue words are synonyms synon yms (words with similar meanings) of the answer words.

3

R

S

4

AC R O S S

D OWN 5

1. clear, sensible

2. rowdy, noisy

5. rash, hasty

3. brief, concise

6. persistent, determined

4. sly, sneaky

F

I

6

T

WORDS IN CONTEXT

Complete the sentences with some of the words you studied on the previous page. Use context clues for help. 1. The faces faces of the starving starving people people were pitifull pitifully y _________ _____________ _______ _______ ____.. 2. ____ ________ ________ _______ _______ _____ _ bursts bursts of laughter laughter could could be heard heard from the the playground. 3. Over the the years years,, Kelly’ Kelly’ss business business has grown grown and and become become ____________________. 4. The ______ _________ _______ ________ _______ ___ teenag teenagers ers asked asked for more more pizza. pizza. 5. The frighte frightened ned child child had had a ____

____ grip grip on his his

EVERYDAY IDIOMS

idioms ms , that cannot be understood literally. All lang languages uages have cert certain ain expr expressi essions, ons, or idio English has many thousands of idiomatic expressions. That’s why understanding common idioms is an important part of vocabulary development. Write a letter le tter to match m atch each idio idiom m on the left with its mean meaning ing on the t he right r ight.. 1. _____ to breathe down someone’s neck

a. join join oth other erss in sup suppo port rtin ing g someone or something

2. _____ to blow the whistle on

b. wat atch ch so some meon one e clo close sely ly

3. _____ to let your hair down

c. spe peak ak fr fran ank kly an and d intimately

4. _____ to climb on the bandwagon

d. rep repor ortt so some meo one ne’’s wrongdoing

IDIOMS IN CONTEXT

Circle a letter to show the meaning of each boldface idiom. Hint: Use context clues for help.

me that I could find you here. 1. A little bird told me a. your little sister said

b. learned from a secret source

c. a prophet predicted

2. Sandy never lets any grass grow under her feet. a. keeps her yard well-mowed

b. doesn’t stop; keeps moving

c. prefers a flat, smooth surface

UNIT 4


REVIEW

Here’s your chance to show what you’ve learned in this unit! WORDS IN CONTEXT

Use words you studied in Unit 4 to complete the sentences.

s

1. That patien patient’s t’s _____ _________ _______ _______ ________ ____ has has recently recently been been upgraded from poor to fair.

n

2. Infor Informatio mation n about a canned canned food’s food’s _________ _____________ _______ _______ ____ value value can be found on the label.

p

3. You can grip a very tiny item with needle-n needle-nosed osed _______ ___________ ________ _______ ____. _.

v

4. Tagge Taggers, rs, like all ________ ________________ ____________, ____, must make restitution restitution for the damage they’ve done.

c

5. Pa Paint int the ______ __________ ________ ________ ______ __ of the room room before you you paint the the walls. 6. Near Nearly ly one-third one-third of of all Ameri Americans cans will will one day day be involve involved d in an ____________________-related car accident. a 7. Art’ Art’ss _________ _____ _______ _______ ____ _ explanatio explanation n of the water water cycle c _______ earned him an A in science.

2. The noun form of the adjective tenacious is ______________________. 3. The adverb form of the adjective prompt is ______________________. 4. The verb form of the noun transaction is ______________________. 5. The plural form of the noun fatality is ______________________. 6. The noun form of the verb impose is ______________________. ANALOGIES

Analo gies are statements of relationship. First figure out the relationship between the Analogies first two words. Then complete the analogy with a word from the reading to show the same relationship. 1. Ham is to meat

3. Apprehension is to apprehend

as mustard is to

as deterrence is to

___ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ _. c

___ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ _.

2. Sandpaper is to remove

d

4. Confirm is to corroborate

as roller is to

as reveal is to

___ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ _. a

___ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ _.

d

HIDDEN WORDS PUZZLE

Find and circle the words in the puzzle. Words may go up, down, across, backward, or diagonally. Check off each word as you find it. _____ PREVALENT

_____ ELIGIB ELIGIBILITY ILITY

E S D T A N G I

B L E G

L A W E S O P M I I

X C R

D C Q C W X R B N U A

Now use each puzzle word in a sentence of your own. Be sure that your sentence makes the word’s meaning clear. To get ideas, check the dictionary definitions. 1. fiber ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2. discretion _____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 3. prevalent ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 4. eligibility ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 5. graffiti _________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 6. waive __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 7. tang tangible ible ___ _______ _______ _______ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ _____ _ ____________________ ________________________________________________________________ 8. wrench ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 9. prompt ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________


EN D-OF-BOOK TEST TEST

WORD FORMS

2

1

P

Complete the crossword puzzle with a different form of each boldface word from the read readings. ings. Answe Answerr words wo rds are the part of speech shown.

R

A A 6

V

promotion 1. VERB : __________ NOUN:

abundance ADJECTIVE: __________

6.

VERB :

8.

ADJECTIVE:

N

5

ACROSS

3.

4

3

7

NOUN:

F

vandalize NOUN: __________ sensitive NOUN: __________

8

S

DOWN

relevant NOUN: __________

2.

ADJECTIVE:

4.

necessity ADJECTIVE: __________ NOUN:

5.

analyze NOUN: __________

VERB :

7.

frost ADJECTIVE: __________ NOUN:

HOMONYMS

First, cross out the incorrect word in each sentence. Then rewrite the sentence, replacing

3. If you knead more writing paper paper,, just just ask for it. it. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4. Who will council council me about which which classes to take next year? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ COMPOUND WORDS

Write a compoun co mpoundd word wor d to comp complete lete each sent sentence. ence. Hint: Answe Answerr words wor ds combi c ombine ne one on e word from Box A and an d one on e word wor d from fr om Box B ox B. B. BOX A

B OX B

w ay s

ga te

p ro o f

c ro s s

l ay

wa te r

work

aw ay

w al k

foo l

tai l

wo o d

1. Our country’s country’s ________________ ____________________ ____ are endangered endangered by chemical pollutants. 2. If you don’t have the whole purchase purchase price, price, you you can put that coat on ____________________. 3. To be a safe safe driver, driver, you must not ___________ ___________________ _________ _ the driver in front of you. 4. Stop if you see a pedestrian pedestrian entering entering the ___________ ___________________ _________. _. 5. Paint the the trim and _____________ ____________________ _______ after after you paint the walls. walls. 6. The brochure brochure claims that the assembly instructions instructions are so easy

SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS

Find and circle the hidden words. Words may go up, down, across, backward, or diagonally. Check off each word as you find it. When you have circled all the words, writee each writ ea ch word wo rd next n ext to its i ts synon s ynonym ym or anton antonym. ym. ___ TOXIC TOXIC ___ TEMPORARY ___ PLIABLE ___ DETER

___ THRIVE ___ OPTIMISM ___ REFUTE ___ SCRAGGLY SCRAGGLY

___ ROSTER

___ PROMPT

___ WORTHY

___ INFLA INFL ATE

T O X

C H W O P O R S A

H S C R A G G L

Y O C N E

R

P U O

F

I

O T C E

T M

I

N

V

B

A

S

E

L

O

I

N X

N

I

L

A

T

E

A N M Q O E C T

V M E

I

C M R P

L

U

Y O U

F

A C E

R M R A O N D S

N E

S

I

V

H

T

R E T

S

P

E D A

R O M P L

Y H

T

R

A M O E B D

G P O G R H C A P O B S

SY N O N Y M S

I

U R S O

T R O W M P H D

ANTO NYM S

1. ra ragg gged ed / __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __

1. pe pess ssim imis ism m / __________________

2. dis dispro prove ve / __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ___ _

2. un unde dese serv rvin ing g / ________________

3. list list / ___ _____ _____ ______ ______ ______ _____ _____ _____ __

3. per perman manent ent / _________________

4. fle flexib xible le / __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __

4. de deflate flate / _____________________

5. pre preven ventt / __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __

5. he heal alth thfu full / ___________________

6. pun punctu ctual al / __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ___ _

6. wi with ther er / _____________________

3. Your insurance ( grat gratuities uities / premiums ) may increase annually. 4. Psychologists say that ( contentment contentment / vandalism ) is a result rather than a cause. 5. Your car’s car’s airbag will ( encroach / deploy ) if you have a collision. 6. Some telephone ( solicitors / applicants ) may be clever con artists. 7. Everyone should should know know how to to use a few ( viable / essential ) tools. 8. When you’re angry angry,, try to ( distract / inundate ) yourself by taking deep breaths. MULTIPLE-MEANING MUL TIPLE-MEANING WORDS

Find two multiple-meaning words in the box. Then write four original sentences, using each word in two different ways.

1.

te na ci ous

o rga ni c

ca jo le

de sert

i n f e re n ce

re s o r t

e ti que tt e

p re c a r i o u s

WORD:

______________________

SENTENCE

1:

__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

SENTENCE

2:

__________________________________________________________


WORD LIST

A bbreviation bbreviation abundance academic accessories acme acquired acute adamant adjustable adverse affects agencies agent aggressor allergy alleviate alter alternatives analyze anxiety applicant apprehension aquatic artificial

Ballot bandwagon behavior benefits berate bereavement bewildering bigot bilingual biscuits bolt bristle budget

Caffeine cajole campaign carbohydrate ceiling certificate chamois chemical chronologically coherent

condiments consequence conservation consistency consortium consumer contentment corroborate counsel coupon crevice crosswalk crucial crusty cultivate curriculum cylinder

Debunked deceitful decorum defacing deflated delegate

EVERYDAY LIVING WORDS WORD LIST

discretion disprove divulge docents

Efficiency ejection eligibility eligible eliminate emaciated embellish encroach enforce engulf enigma enrich ensnare ensure entangle enthrone entrée entrust essential estimate etiquette

fatalities feasible fiber filter firm flatter foolproof forerunner formula foster fraud frequent frontal frost fructose furtive

Gamut gesture graffiti grain grasp gratuity gross gullible gusting

hinder hoard hospice

Identify impact impeccable impetuous impose inclement independent indigent indispensable inference inflated ingredients injury innate insecticide insulate insurance intake intersection interstate inundate inventory


K etchup etchup

Nadir

knead

necessity negligible net nontoxic nostalgia nursery nurture nutritional

Lackluster layaway lease liability libel limitations lucrative

obligation obstruct occupants offense optimism optimum organic overwhelming

policy precarious precautions precise premium prescribed prevalent preventive primer production profligate profusion prohibited promotion prompt property prudence psychologists punitive

Paraphrase

Raucous

particularly passage pastry paucity pedestrian

realistic reasoning recall recipient recline

Objective Majority malady malleable mandate manure marital mass massive maximum megadose megavitamins mental mentor merchandise moderate


repetitive requisite responsibilities restitution restrain restriction résumé revoke right-of-way robust roster roughage routine

Salvage scam schedule scraggly seasonings self-acceptance self-control self-respect self-sufficient sensitive severe shortening

spurs staples status strategies stymie succinct suicide supplement support surveillance suspenders sustainable swindle symptoms syndrome

Tagger tailgating tangible technique temporary tenacious terminally texture therapy thrive

turpentine tutors typical

Ulcers underwriting upright utilities

V andalism andalism vapid vehicle veteran veto viable vinegar virulent visibility volunteer voracious

Waive waterways wax whereabouts woodwork

m21

Recommend Documents