M2000 Command Reference(V200_02)

M2000 V200

Command Reference

Issue

02

Date

2009-10-31

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Huawei Technologies Technologies Co., Ltd. provides customers with comprehensive comprehensive technical support and service. For any assistance, please contact our local office or company headquarters. headquarters.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Address:

Huawei Industrial Industrial Base Bantian, Longgang Shenzhen 518129 People's Republic of China

Website:

http://www.huawei.com

Email:

[email protected]

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2009. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Trademarks and Permissions and other Huawei trademarks are the property of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All other trademarks and trade names mentioned mentioned in this document are the property of of their respective respective holders. holders.

Notice The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document document may not be within the purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information, information, and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations of any kind, either express or implied. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and recommendations recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.


Huawei Technologies Technologies Co., Ltd. provides customers with comprehensive comprehensive technical support and service. For any assistance, please contact our local office or company headquarters. headquarters.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Address:

Huawei Industrial Industrial Base Bantian, Longgang Shenzhen 518129 People's Republic of China

Website:

http://www.huawei.com

Email:

[email protected]

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2009. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Trademarks and Permissions and other Huawei trademarks are the property of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All other trademarks and trade names mentioned mentioned in this document are the property of of their respective respective holders. holders.

Notice The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document document may not be within the purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information, information, and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations of any kind, either express or implied. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and recommendations recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.


Command Reference

Contents

Contents About This Document.....................................................................................................................1 Document.....................................................................................................................1 1 M2000 Commands................................................ Comman ds...................................................................................................................... ......................................................................1-1 1-1 1.1 kill_svc............................................................................................................................................................1-3 kill_svc............................................................................................................................................................1-3 1.2 start_svc...........................................................................................................................................................1-3 start_svc...........................................................................................................................................................1-3 1.3 stop_svc...........................................................................................................................................................1-4 stop_svc...........................................................................................................................................................1-4 1.4 svc_adm -cmd -cmd reload......................................................................................................................................1-4 1.5 svc_adm -cmd -cmd status.......................................................................................................................................1-5 1.6 svc_adm -cmd -cmd status -sysagent all..................................................................................................................1-5 1.7 svc_profile.sh Script........................................................................................................................................1-6 svc_profile.sh Script........................................................................................................................................1-6 1.8 svc_ps..............................................................................................................................................................1-6 svc_ps..............................................................................................................................................................1-6 1.9 svc_stacks........................................................................................................................................................1-7 svc_stacks..... ...................................................................................................................................................1-7

2 Operating System System Commands..................................................... Commands................................................................................................. ............................................2-1 2-1 2.1 Files and Directories........................................................................................................................................2-3 Directories........................................................................................................................................2-3 2.1.1 cd............................................................................................................................................................2-4 cd............................................................................................................................................................2-4 2.1.2 chgr p.......................................................................................................................................................2-4 2.1.3 2.1 .3 chmod.....................................................................................................................................................2-5 2.1.4 chown.....................................................................................................................................................2-7 2.1.5 cp............................................................................................................................................................2-8 cp............................................................................................................................................................2-8 2.1.6 ls.............................................................................................................................................................2-8 ls.............................................................................................................................................................2-8 2.1.7 mkdir....................................................................................................................................................2-10 mkdir....................................................................................................................................................2-10 2.1.8 mv.........................................................................................................................................................2-10 mv.........................................................................................................................................................2-10 2.1.9 pwd.......................................................................................................................................................2-11 pwd.......................................................................................................................................................2-11 2.1.10 rm.......................................................................................................................................................2-11 rm.......................................................................................................................................................2-11 2.1.11 rmdir...................................................................................................................................................2-12 rmdir...................................................................................................................................................2-12 2.2 Backup and and Compression..............................................................................................................................2-13 2.2.1 com press...............................................................................................................................................2-13 2.2.2 2.2 .2 gtar........................................................................................................................................................2-14 2.2.3 2.2 .3 gzip.......................................................................................................................................................2-15 2.2.4 pack......................................................................................................................................................2-16 2.2.5 tar..........................................................................................................................................................2-16 2.2.6 uncompress...........................................................................................................................................2-18 2.2.7 unpack..................................................................................................................................................2-18 Issue 02 (2009-10-31)


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2.3 File View and Modification..........................................................................................................................2-19 2.3.1 cat.........................................................................................................................................................2-20 2.3.2 clear......................................................................................................................................................2-20 2.3.3 diff........................................................................................................................................................2-21 2.3.4 echo......................................................................................................................................................2-22 2.3.5 grep.......................................................................................................................................................2-23 2.3.6 head......................................................................................................................................................2-23 2.3.7 less........................................................................................................................................................2-24 2.3.8 more......................................................................................................................................................2-24 2.3.9 tail.........................................................................................................................................................2-25 2.3.10 vi.........................................................................................................................................................2-26 2.4 Account Management...................................................................................................................................2-28 2.4.1 groupadd...............................................................................................................................................2-29 2.4.2 groupdel................................................................................................................................................2-29 2.4.3 grou pmod............................................................................. ................................................................2-29 2.4.4 passwd..................................................................................................................................................2-30 2.4.5 useradd.................................................................................................................................................2-30 2.4.6 userdel..................................................................................................................................................2-31 2.4.7 usermod................................................................................................................................................2-32 2.5 Find and Help................................................................................................................................................2-33 2.5.1 find.......................................................................................................................................................2-34 2.5.2 man.......................................................................................................................................................2-36 2.5.3 wher eis.................................................................................................................................................2-37 2.5.4 which....................................................................................................................................................2-37 2.6 System Information.......................................................................................................................................2-38 2.6.1 date.......................................................................................................................................................2-39 2.6.2 df...........................................................................................................................................................2-40 2.6.3 du..........................................................................................................................................................2-41 2.6.4 hostname...............................................................................................................................................2-42 2.6.5 prtconf..................................................................................................................................................2-43 2.6.6 uname...................................................................................................................................................2-45 2.6.7 who.......................................................................................................................................................2-46 2.7 Process-Related.............................................................................................................................................2-47 2.7.1 kill.........................................................................................................................................................2-47 2.7.2 prstat.....................................................................................................................................................2-49 2.7.3 ps..........................................................................................................................................................2-49 2.7.4 top.........................................................................................................................................................2-50 2.8 Network Communications.............................................................................................................................2-51 2.8.1 finger....................................................................................................................................................2-51 2.8.2 ftp.........................................................................................................................................................2-52 2.8.3 ifconfig.................................................................................................................................................2-54 2.8.4 netstat...................................................................................................................................................2-56

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2.8.5 ping.......................................................................................................................................................2-58 2.8.6 route......................................................................................................................................................2-59 2.8.7 telnet.....................................................................................................................................................2-62 2.9 Other Common Commands...........................................................................................................................2-63 2.9.1 bc..........................................................................................................................................................2-63 2.9.2 script.....................................................................................................................................................2-64 2.9.3 pkgadd..................................................................................................................................................2-65 2.9.4 pkgrm...................................................................................................................................................2-65

3 Summary of Commonly Used Cluster Commands.............................................................3-1 4 Common Commands and Parameters of the Veritas Cluster............................................4-1 5 Common VVR Commands and Parameters..........................................................................5-1

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Command Reference

Tables

Tables Table 2-1 Common options in symbol mode of the chmod command ...............................................................2-6 Table 2-2 Option description of the ls command.................................................................................................2-9 Table 2-3 Descriptions of gtar command options..............................................................................................2-14 Table 2-4 Option description for the tar command...........................................................................................2-17 Table 2-5 Option description about the diff command options..........................................................................2-21 Table 2-6 Option description of the echo command..........................................................................................2-22 Table 2-7 Option description of the more command..........................................................................................2-25 Table 2-8 Operations in the text input mode......................................................................................................2-27 Table 2-9 Operations related to moving the cursor in the text input mode........................................................2-27 Table 2-10 O peration for exiting the text input mode and switching to the command mode............................2-27 Table 2-11 O perations related to deleting characters in the command mode.....................................................2-27 Table 2-12 Commands for exiting the vi editor.................................................................................................2-28 Table 2-13 O ption description of the useradd command............................................................. ......................2-31 Table 2-14 O ption description of the usermod command..................................................................................2-32 Table 2-15 Conditions for file search.................................................................................................................2-34 Table 2-16 Logical operators of conditions........................................................................................................2-35 Table 2-17 Format of the command output........................................................................................................2-39 Table 2-18 Description of the uname options....................................................................................................2-46 Table 2-19 Examples of the finger command....................................................................................................2-52 Table 2-20 Common ftp commands...................................................................................................................2-53 Table 2-21 Description of routing flags.............................................................................................................2-57 Table 2-22 Description of the route commands.................................................................................................2-59 Table 2-23 Description of routing flags.............................................................................................................2-61 Table 3-1 Common maintenance commands of the Cluster3.0........................................ ....................................3-1 Table 4-1 Common maintenance commands of the VCS....................................................................................4-1 Table 5-1 Common VVR commands and parameters.......................................... ................................................5-1

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About This Document

About This Document

Purpose This document provides the M2000 system routine maintenance common commands.

Related Versions The following table lists the product versions related to this document.

Product Name

Version

M2000

V200

Intended Audience The intended audiences of this document are network administrators.

Update History 02(2009-10-31) Second commercial release. Compared with V200 01 issued on June 30 of 2009, this version has the following modifications: The content descriptions are optimized in 3 Summary of Commonly Used Cluster Commands .

01(2009-06-30) Initial release. Also, the first formal release. Issue 02 (2009-10-31)


1

Organization

Command Reference

Organization 1 M2000 Commands

This describes the functions of common commands related to the M2000 service, along with application examples. The path M2000 Server Installation Path/bin stores all the commands used for the M2000 system maintenance. Before running commands, ensure that the database works properly and that you already run the M2000 environment setting script svc_profile.sh. M2000 commands can run both the Solaris operating system and Linux operating system. 2 Operating System Commands

This provides the reference to the common commands on the Solaris and Linux operating systems. The commands consist of files and directories commands, backup and compression commands, file view and modification, account management commands, find and help commands, system information commands, process-related commands, network communication commands, and other common commands. 3 Summary of Commonly Used Cluster Commands

This describes the common maintenance commands of the Cluster 3.0. 4 Common Commands and Parameters of the Veritas Cluster

This describes the common commands and parameters of the Veritas Cluster. 5 Common VVR Commands and Parameters

The following table describes the common VVR commands and parameters.

Conventions Symbol Conventions

The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Symbol

Description Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if not avoided,will result in death or serious injury. Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk, which if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury. Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not avoided,could result in equipment damage, data loss, performance degradation, or unexpected results. Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save time. Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement important points of the main text.

General Conventions 2


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Organization

The general conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Convention

Description

Times New Roman

Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.

Boldface

Names of files, directories, folders, and users are in boldface. For example, log in as user root.

Italic

Book titles are in italics.

Courier New

Examples of information displayed on the screen are in Courier New.

Command Conventions

The command conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Convention

Description

Boldface

The keywords of a command line are in boldface.

Italic

Command arguments are in italics.

[]

Items (keywords or arguments) in brackets [ ] are optional.

{ x | y | ... }

Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by vertical bars. One item is selected.

[ x | y | ... ]

Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by vertical bars. One item is selected or no item is selected.

{ x | y | ... } *

Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by vertical bars. A minimum of one item or a maximum of all items can be selected.

[ x | y | ... ] *

Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by vertical bars. Several items or no item can be selected.

GUI Conventions

The GUI conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Convention

Description

Boldface

Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, window, and dialog titles are in boldface. For example, click OK .

>

Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">" signs. For example, choose File > Create > Folder.

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Organization

Command Reference

The keyboard operations that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Format

Description

Key

Press the key. For example, press Enter and press Tab.

Key 1+Key 2

Press the keys concurrently. For example, pressing Ctrl+Alt +A means the three keys should be pressed concurrently.

Key 1, Key 2

Press the keys in turn. For example, pressing Alt, A means the two keys should be pressed in turn.

Mouse Operations

The mouse operations that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

4

Action

Description

Click

Select and release the primary mouse button without moving the pointer.

Double-click

Press the primary mouse button twice continuously and quickly without moving the pointer.

Drag

Press and hold the primary mouse button and move the pointer to a certain position.


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Command Reference

1 M2000 Commands

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M2000 Commands

About This Chapter This describes the functions of common commands related to the M2000 service, along with application examples. The path M2000 Server Installation Path/bin stores all the commands used for the M2000 system maintenance. Before running commands, ensure that the database works proper ly and that you already run the M2000 environment setting script svc_profile.sh. M2000 commands can run both the Solaris operating system and Linux operating system. 1.1 kill_svc This describes the function of the kill_svc command and the users authorized to run this command. This also gives examples for the application of this command. Use the kill_svc command only in the case of a deadlock and an abnormal process. 1.2 start_svc This describes the function of the start_svc command and the users authorized to run this command. This also gives examples for the application of this command. 1.3 stop_svc This describes the function of the stop_svc command and the users authorized to run this command. This also gives examples for the application of this command. 1.4 svc_adm -cmd reload This describes the function and user identity of the svc_adm -cmd reload command. The command is used to update the M2000 configuration information. This also gives an example to explain the application of the command. 1.5 svc_adm -cmd status This describes the function of the svc_adm -cmd status command and the users authorized to run this command. It also provides an example to explain the application. 1.6 svc_adm -cmd status -sysagent all This describes the function of the svc_adm -cmd status -sysagent all command used for viewing the status of the M2000 services and the users authorized to run this command. This also provides some application examples for the command. This command is applicable to only the Solaris operating system. 1.7 svc_profile.sh Script

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This describes the function, path, and method of running the svc_profile.sh script. Before you run the commands on the M2000, you must run svc_profile.sh to set the operating environment. 1.8 svc_ps This describes the function of the svc_ps command and the users authorized to run this command. This also gives examples for the application of this command. 1.9 svc_stacks This describes the function of the svc_stacks command and the users authorized to run this command. It also provides an example to explain the application of this command.

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1 M2000 Commands

1.1 kill_svc This describes the function of the kill_svc command and the users authorized to run this command. This also gives examples for the application of this command. Use the kill_svc command only in the case of a deadlock and an abnormal process.

Function The kill_svc command stops services and processes of the M2000 system through the process killing mechanism supported by the primary layer operating system. Running this command may lead to service data loss or abnormal services. Therefore, use this command only when all other measures to restore the services of the system fail. Generally, the stop_svc command is used to stop the M2000 services. Therefore, run kill_svc only in the case of a deadlock and an abnormal process.

Permitted Users User root is authorized to run the kill_svc command.

Example # kill_svc

1.2 start_svc This describes the function of the start_svc command and the users authorized to run this command. This also gives examples for the application of this command.

Function The start_svc command starts all M2000 services. After the system starts, this command attempts to start each service again and displays a message to indicate that the service is started. NOTE

If the installed match version is of V200R0051.a.0.0.XX or of earlier, run the start_svc command. The following message is displayed. iManagerM2000_SGSN_MATCH_ENG_V200R005C01B002 has not been executed commands{DcNeIns and DcInit}, please run them if necessary! OMCSTMATCH-GGSN_1.a.0.0.30 has not been executed commands{DcNeIns and DcInit}, please execute them if necessary!

Ensure that the M2000 system services are stopped. Initiate the mediation layer.

# cd /opt/OMC /med/ RNCNE/iManagerM2000_RNC_MATCH_ENG_V200R008C03SPC001 # DcNeIns -i . # DcInit Run the command start_svc to start the M2000 system service.

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Example # start_svc ==================== Starting Services ... TAO Naming Service is running TAO Notification Service is running Monitor_Service already running. imapsysd already running. LogServer [starting... ] svc_adm:info:service with this name is already running ... ============================ Finished Starting Services.

1.3 stop_svc This describes the function of the stop_svc command and the users authorized to run this command. This also gives examples for the application of this command.

Function The stop_svc command stops all M2000 services. If the system is not started, this command attempts to stop each service and then displays error messages.

Permitted Users User root is authorized to run the stop_svc command.

Example # stop_svc ============= Stopping System ... SystemMonitor [stopped ] EventManager [stopped ] LogServer [stopped ] ... ==================== Finished Stopping System.

1.4 svc_adm -cmd reload This describes the function and user identity of the svc_adm -cmd reload command. The command is used to update the M2000 configuration information. This also gives an example to explain the application of the command.

Function This command loads the configuration file to the configuration module to update the configuration in real time. This means that the M2000 services are not stopped when the system updates the configuration information.

Permitted Users Users root and omcuser are authorized to run the svc_adm -cmd reload command. 1-4


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Example -bash-3.00$ svc_adm -cmd reload After you run the command, the data in the configuration module is the same as the data in the configuration files.

1.5 svc_adm -cmd status This describes the function of the svc_adm -cmd status command and the users authorized to run this command. It also provides an example to explain the application.

Function The svc_adm -cmd status command is used to check the operational status of all the M2000 services.

Permitted Users Users root and omcuser are authorized to run the svc_adm -cmd status command.

Example -bash-3.00$ svc_adm -cmd status The status of the M2000 services is Running, or Not Running.

1.6 svc_adm -cmd status -sysagent all This describes the function of the svc_adm -cmd status -sysagent all command used for viewing the status of the M2000 services and the users authorized to run this command. This also provides some application examples for the command. This command is applicable to only the Solaris operating system.

Function This command is used for viewing the current running status of the M2000 services in the M2000 single-server system, HA system, or SLS system.

Authorized Users Users root, omcuser, and dbuser are authorized to run this command.

Application Example l

In the M2000 single-server system Log in to the server and run the following command:

# svc_adm -cmd status -sysagent all The system output displays the running status of the services. The status can be Running, or Not Running. Issue 02 (2009-10-31)


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In the M2000 HA system Log in to the active node and run the following command:

# svc_adm -cmd status -sysagent all The system output displays the running status of the services on the active and standby nodes. The status can be Running, or Not Running. l

In the M2000 SLS system Log in to the master node and any of the slave node and run the following command:

# svc_adm -cmd status -sysagent all The system output displays the running status of the services on each node. The status can be Running, or Not Running.

1.7 svc_profile.sh Script This describes the function, path, and method of running the svc_profile.sh script. Before you run the commands on the M2000, you must run svc_profile.sh to set the operating environment.

Function Before you run the commands on the M2000, run svc_profile.sh. This script sets the user operating environment such as the searching path and the dynamic searching path.

Path The script is saved in the M2000 Server Installation Directory.

Operating Method There are two ways to run the script: manually and automatically. l

Run the script manually

Take the M2000 default directory /opt/OMC as an example. To manually run the script, run the following command:

-bash-3.00$ . /opt/OMC/svc_profile.sh NOTE

The symbol . exists before the command, and a space exists between the mark . and the mark /. l

Run the script automatically

After the system is installed correctly, the script is added to the .profile file of user omcuser and user root. If you log in to the system as user omcuser or user root, the system automatically runs the script.

1.8 svc_ps This describes the function of the svc_ps command and the users authorized to run this command. This also gives examples for the application of this command. 1-6


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Function The svc_ps command is used to check the operational status of the M2000 service processes.

Permitted Users Users root, omcuser are authorized to run the svc_ps command.

Example -bash-3.00$ svc_ps The command result shows all the M2000 processes that are running.

1.9 svc_stacks This describes the function of the svc_stacks command and the users authorized to run this command. It also provides an example to explain the application of this command.

Function The svc_stacks command collects the stack information on the M2000 service processes for locating and debugging system faults.

Permitted Users User root is authorized to run this command.

Example # svc_stacks The queried stack information is stored in the file / M2000 server installation path/var/logs/ imap_stacks.YY _ _ _ _ MM DD __ HH NN SS .trace. The default installation path of the M2000 server software is /opt/OMC . The result file is identified on the basis of the query time. In the file name, YY stands for year, MM for month, DD for day, HH for hour, NN for minute, and SS for second.

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2 Operating System Commands

2

Operating System Commands

About This Chapter This provides the reference to the common commands on the Solaris and Linux operating systems. The commands consist of files and directories commands, backup and compression commands, file view and modification, account management commands, find and help commands, system information commands, process-related commands, network communication commands, and other common commands. 2.1 Files and Directories This describes the reference of the Files and Directories common commands. This also gives function descriptions and examples. 2.2 Backup and Compression This describes the functions of the commands used for backup and compression and provides some application examples. 2.3 File View and Modification This describes the functions of the file view and modification and provides some application examples. 2.4 Account Management This describes the functions of the account management commands and provides some application examples. Only user root and authorized users can add, modify, or delete users and user groups. 2.5 Find and Help This describes the functions of the find and help commands and provides some application examples. 2.6 System Information This describes the system information commands and provides some application examples. 2.7 Process-Related This describes the process-related commands and provides some application examples. 2.8 Network Communications This describes the commands used for network communications and provides some application examples. Issue 02 (2009-10-31)


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Command Reference

2.9 Other Common Commands This describes the functions of other common commands and provides some application examples.

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2.1 Files and Directories This describes the reference of the Files and Directories common commands. This also gives function descriptions and examples. 2.1.1 cd This describes the function and example of the cd command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.1.2 chgrp This describes the function, format, option, parameter, and example of chgrp command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.1.3 chmod This describes the function, format, option, and example of the chmod command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.1.4 chown This describes the function, format, option, parameter, and example of the chown command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.1.5 cp This describes the function, format, option, and parameter of the cp command. It also provides an example of the cp command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.1.6 ls This describes the function, format, option, parameter, and example of the ls command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.1.7 mkdir This describes the function and example of the mkdir command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solar is operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.1.8 mv This describes the function, format, and example of the mv command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.1.9 pwd This describes the function and example of the pwd command. The pwd command is used to view the curr ent working folder. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.1.10 rm This describes the function, format, option, and example of the rm command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.1.11 rmdir This describes the function and example of the rmdir command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

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Command Reference

2.1.1 cd This describes the function and example of the cd command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The cd command is used to switch the current folder to another folder. This command applies to both absolute and relative paths.

Example l

To switch to the home folder, run the following command:

# cd l

To switch to the system root directory, run the following command:

# cd / l

To switch back one folder, run the following command:

# cd .. l

To switch back two folders, run the following command:

# cd ../.. l

To switch to the /export/home folder by the absolute path, run the following command:

# cd /export/home NOTE

If you run the cd command that is not followed by any parameter, the system is switched back to the home folder.

2.1.2 chgrp This describes the function, format, option, parameter, and example of chgrp command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The chgrp command is used to move all files from the user group to which you belong, to another user group. That is, you belong to at least two user groups at the same time.

Command Format chgrp Option group file

Option Description

2-4

l

-f : runs the command forcibly without displaying errors

l

-R : recursive folder Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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Parameter Description l

Group: the modified user group

l

File: the file the user group of which is to be modified

Example To change the user group file to new_group, run the following command:

# chgrp new_group file

CAUTION

The new user group to which a file is moved should be created. Run the groups command to list the groups to which you belong. After the owner or group of a folder is changed, the folder does not belong to that user or user group any more. The attributes of the subfolders and files in the folder, however, are retained. Run the chown command to modify the owner and the user group of a file at the same time:

# chown omc:staff file1 For example, run the command to modify the owner of file1 to omc and the group to staff.

2.1.3 chmod This describes the function, format, option, and example of the chmod command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The chmod command is used to change the access rights of a directory or a file.

Format chmod option directory or file

Based on different notation methods of the option in the command, two modes are available: l

Symbol mode chmod objectoperatorrights file

l

Digit mode chmod lmn file

Option Description l

Symbol mode Table 2-1 lists common options in symbol mode of the chmod command.

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Table 2-1 Common options in symbol mode of the chmod command

Option

Option Detail

Description

Object

u

Owner of a file

g

Users sharing the same group with the file owner

o

Other users except the file owner and the users sharing the same group with the file owner

a

All users

+

Add a right

-

Cancel a right

=

Set a right

Operator

l

Digit mode The option lmn represents the following digits: – l:

the rights of the owner

– m: the rights of the users sharing the same group with the owner – n:

the rights of other users in the system

The value of each digit is equal to the sum of the values of r (read right), w (write right), x (execute right), or - (no right) in each group. In each group, r = 4, w = 2, x = 1, and - = 0. In the following example -rwxr-xr-- 1 rms sbsrms 46098432 May 12 16:02 sdh*, the access rights of the file sdh is represented by the symbols rwxrxr--. The nine symbols are divided into three groups, with three symbols as a group. The three groups represent the rights of the file owner, the rights of the users sharing the same group with the file owner, and the rights of other users in the system. The three groups can be represented in digits 754, which is calculated according to the formulas: 7 = 4 + 2 + 1, 5 = 4 + 0 + 1, and 4 = 4 + 0 + 0.

Parameter Description File: indicates the name of the file whose rights are changed.

Example l

Symbol mode Authorize the file1 owner with the read, write, and execute rights. Authorize the users sharing the same group with the file owner with the read and execute rights. Authorize other users with the read and execute rights. Run the following command:

# chmod u=rwx,go=rx file1 To authorize all the users with the read and write rights, run the following command:

# chmod a=rw file2 l

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Authorize the file1 owner with the read, write, and execute rights. Authorize the users sharing the same group with the file owner with the read and execute rights. Authorize other users with the read and execute rights. Run the following command:

# chmod 755 file1 To authorize all the users with the read and write rights, run the following command:

# chmod 666 file2 NOTE l

To configure the rights of a file for users in a group and other users in the system in symbol mode, you must authorize these users with the execute right of the directory where a file exists. Run the following command for the directory that requires you to set rights:

# chmod u=rw,+x . You can also run the following command:

# chmodu=rwx,go=x . In this command, the symbol "." indicates the current directory. l

In digit mode, r = 4, w = 2, x = 1, and - = 0. These mappings are set according to the binary mode. For the three symbols in a group, which represent the read right, the write right, and the execute right, assign the binary value 1 if a symbol has the corresponding right and assign the binary value 0 if a symbol does not have the corresponding rights. Take the previous file sdh as an example. The file rights are represented by the symbols rwxr-xr--. After converting the symbols into a binary value, you can obtain "111101100". The binary value is divided into three 3-digit groups, with each group representing a file right. After converting the binary value of each group into a decimal value, you can obtain three values: 7, 5, and 4.

2.1.4 chown This describes the function, format, option, parameter, and example of the chown command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The chown command is used to modify the owner of a file. In most Unix/Linux systems, this command can be run only by the super user.

Command Format chown Option owner file


-f : runs the command forcibly without displaying errors

l

-R : recursive folder


Owner : the modified owner

l

File: the file of the owner to be modified

Example l

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# chown new_owner file l

Assume that there is a user M2000 in the system. Change the owner of all files in the / export/home folder and the subfolders to M2000:

# chown -R M2000 /export/home

2.1.5 cp This describes the function, format, option, and parameter of the cp command. It also provides an example of the cp command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The cp command is used to copy the contents of a file to another file.

Command Format cp option source file object file

Option Description The option -r indicates recursively copying a folder. That is, when copying a folder, copy the files and subfolders included in the folder, and files and subfolders in the subfolders until the last level of the folder.

Example To copy the old_filename file in the current folder to the file new_filename, run the following command:

# cp old_filename new_filename

2.1.6 ls This describes the function, format, option, parameter, and example of the ls command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The ls command is used to list the files and subfolders in a folder. Run the ls command without any parameter to list the content of the current folder. Run the ls command with parameters to list the information about the size, type, and privileges of the file, and the date when the file was created and modified.

Command Format ls Option Directory or File

Option Description Several individual options and a combination of options can be used for the ls command. Place the prefix - before the options. Table 2-2 lists some common options. 2-8


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Table 2-2 Option description of the ls command

Option

Description

-a

Lists all files including the hidden files, that is, the files starting with a dot ., for example, the .login file.

-F

Specifies the type of a file by suffix signs. The meaning of the suffixes are as follows: l

/: for folder files

l

=: for pipe files

l

@: for sign-linking files

l

*: for executable files

Lists the detailed information about a file, such as the file type, privileges, number of links, owner, file group, file size, file name, and the date of the last modification.

-l

If the file is a sign-linking file, then the -> sign is added at the end of the file name for pointing to the linked file.

Example To view the long-form content of the files in the current folder, run the following command:

# ls -l |more total 11094632 drwxr-xr-x 2 drwxr-xr-x 14 drwxr-xr-x 3 drwxr-xr-x 2 -rw-r--r-1 drwxr-xr-x 2 drwxr-xr-x 7 drwxr-xr-x 2 drwxr-xr-x 2 drwxr-xr-x 7 drwxr-xr-x 3 -rw-r--r-1 -rw-r--r-1 drwxr-xr-x 2 drwxr-xr-x 2 drwxr-xr-x 6 -rw-r--r-1 -rw-r--r-1 drwxr-xr-x 5 -rw-r--r-1 drwxr-xr-x 8 --More--

root root root root root root root root root root root root root root root root root root root root root

staff staff staff staff staff staff staff staff staff staff staff staff staff staff staff staff staff staff staff staff staff

1024 Sep 5 2001 bin 512 Sep 5 2001 charsets 512 Sep 5 2001 collate 512 Sep 5 2001 config 2048000000 Mar 6 09:50 data_dev.dat 512 Sep 5 2001 devlib 512 Sep 5 2001 diag 512 Sep 5 2001 hs_data 512 Sep 5 2001 include 512 Sep 5 2001 init 512 Sep 5 2001 install 268 Sep 5 2001 interf.old 402 Oct 29 15:25 interfaces 1024 Sep 5 2001 lib 512 Sep 5 2001 license 512 Sep 5 2001 locales 2048000000 Mar 6 10:51 log_dev.dat 2048000000 Mar 6 10:36 log_dev1.dat 512 Sep 5 2001 pad 5242880 Feb 19 10:10 phase2.dat 512 Sep 5 2001 sample

After you run the ls -l command, the result may be displayed in several screens. To view the file contents, one screen at a time, run one of the following commands: l

# ls -la | more

l

$ ls -la>ccc

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Save the command output to the ccc file, and then run the following command to view the output on screen at a time:

# more ccc After you run the ls -l command, seven columns of information are displayed, which are described as follows: l

l l

The first column consists of 10 characters. The first character indicates the file type. For example, the character - refers to a common file and the character d refers to a folder. The following nine characters are three triplets indicating the access privileges of the file owner. The first triplet pertains to the owner, the middle triplet pertains to members of the user group, and the right-most one pertains to other users in the system. For example, the characters r, w, and x indicate that the user has the privileges to read, write, and execute a file, whereas the character - indicates that the user does not have any relevant privileges for the file. The second column indicates the number of links of the file. The third and fourth columns display information such as the owner of the file, and the user group to which the file belongs.

l

The fifth column shows the size of the file in bytes.

l

The sixth column shows the time and date when the file is last modified.

l

The seventh column shows the file name.

2.1.7 mkdir This describes the function and example of the mkdir command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The mkdir command is used to create a folder. When the path to the created folder is determined, absolute and relative paths can be used.

Example To create a subfolder data in /home1/omc, run the following command:

# mkdir /home1/omc/data If the current folder is /home1/omc, run the following command:

# mkdir data

2.1.8 mv This describes the function, format, and example of the mv command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The mv command is used to move and rename a file. 2-10


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CAUTION l

After you run the mv command, only the target file instead of the source file exists.

l

After you run the cp command, the source file still exists and the target file is generated.

Command Format mv source file object file

Example To move the old_filename file in the root directory to the /home1/omc folder, and rename the source file to new_filename, run the following command:

# mv old_filename /home1/omc/new_filename

2.1.9 pwd This describes the function and example of the pwd command. The pwd command is used to view the current working folder. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function View the current working folder.

Example # pwd /export/home NOTE

Unlike DOS, the Solaris/Linux system does not always display the folder name. You must run the pwd command periodically to view the current working folder.

2.1.10 rm This describes the function, format, option, and example of the rm command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The rm command is used to delete a file.

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CAUTION l

l

In the Unix/Linux system, a file, once deleted, cannot be restored. Therefore, use the -i option to avoid the deletion of a file by mistake. To delete a folder, run either of the following commands: rmdir or rm -r. The difference between the two commands is: rmdir deletes only empty folders but rm -r deletes any folder.

Command Format rm Option file

Option Description l l

-i: refers to interactive operations. Your confirmation is required before a command is run. -r: recursively deletes a folder. That is, when deleting a folder, delete the files and subfolders included in the folder, and files and subfolders in the subfolders until the root folder.

Example To delete the old_filename file in the current folder, run the following command:

# rm -i old_filename

2.1.11 rmdir This describes the function and example of the rmdir command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The rmdir command is used to delete an empty folder.

CAUTION l

l

If the folder to be deleted is not empty, you must delete the files in the folder before running the rmdir command. To delete the current folder, you must switch to the upper-level folder.

Example To delete the data subfolder in the /home1/omc folder, run the following command:

# rmdir /home1/omc/data If the current folder is /home1/omc, run the following command:

# rmdir data 2-12


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2.2 Backup and Compression This describes the functions of the commands used for backup and compression and provides some application examples. 2.2.1 compress This describes the function, format, and example of the compress command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.2.2 gtar This describes the function, format, parameter options, and instance of the gtar command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.2.3 gzip This describes the function, format, parameter options, and application example of the gzip command. You can run the gzip command to compress files. The command is only used on the Linux operating system. 2.2.4 pack This describes the function, format, and example of the pack command. The pack command is used to compress files and save memory space. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.2.5 tar This describes the function, format, option, and example of the tar command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.2.6 uncompress This describes the function, format, and example of uncompress command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.2.7 unpack This describes the function, format, and example of the unpack command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

2.2.1 compress This describes the function, format, and example of the compress command. The usage of t he command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The compress command is used to compress files and save the memory space. The name of the compressed files ends with .Z. The command for decompressing such files is uncompress .

Command Format compress file

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# compress file

CAUTION

The difference between the tar command and the file compressing commands is as follows: The tar command packs or combines files and packs many folders or files into a package. To compress the combined files *.tar, use the compress or pack command.

2.2.2 gtar This describes the function, format, parameter options, and instance of the gtar command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The gtar command can merge multiple files into an archive and store it in tapes or disks. You can obtain the required files from an archive, if required.

Format gtar function options modification options file to be backed up or restored


Function option: sets the actions of the gtar command, such as read or write.

l

Modification option: modifies the actions of the gtar command.

Table 2-3 lists some options. Table 2-3 Descriptions of gtar command options

Option

Example

Description

Function option

r

Adds the specified file to end of an archive.

x

Reads a file in the archive. If the name is a directory, its sub directories are also read. This option is common.

c

Creates a new archive. This option is common.

g

Creates a file from the beginning of the archive instead of the end of the last file.

v

Starts the display mode. The gtar command can display all names of the processed file. This option is common.

w

Activates the confirm mode. The gtar command requests you to confirm before processing each file.

Modification option

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Option

Example

Description

f

Indicates that the archive is a file. Omission of this option indicates that the object is the preset disk or tape. This option is common.

Instance l

Run the gtar command to back up files. In the current directory, back up all the files and folders in /export/home/sybdev to the default device. During the backup, the file information is displayed.

# gtar cv /export/home/sybdev In the current directory, back up all the files and folders in /export/home/sybdev and save them as databak.tar. During the backup, the file information is displayed.

# gtar cvf databak.tar /export/home/sybdev l

Run the gtar command to restore files. Restore the files of default devices in the backup files to a hard disk. During the restoration, the file information is displayed.

# gtar xv In the current directory, decompress the backup file databak.tar to /export/home/ sybdev. During the restoration, the file information is displayed.

# gtar xvf databak.tar

CAUTION l

There is no - symbol before the function option and modification option of gtar.

l

The gtar command can pack multiple files. The command is as follows:

# gtar cvf filebak.tar file1 file2 file3 l

l

This command packs the three files, that is, file1, file2, and file3, into the file named filebak.tar. Under different UNIX systems, when using gtar to back up or restore files, note that names of the floppy disk and tape are different. Ensure that you use the right names.

2.2.3 gzip This describes the function, format, parameter options, and application example of the gzip command. You can run the gzip command to compress files. The command is only used on the Linux operating system.

Function The gzip command can compress files. To extract files, use the gunzip command. The compressed files are in .gz format. Issue 02 (2009-10-31)


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Format gzip file name

Application Example The command for compressing filename file is as follows:

# gzip filename

2.2.4 pack This describes the function, format, and example of the pack command. The pack command is used to compress files and save memory space. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function Run the pack command to compress files. The name of the compressed files ends with .Z. The space achieved through compression depends on file types. To extract files, use the unpack command.

Command Format pack file

Example To pack a file, run the following command:

# pack file

CAUTION l

Do not run the pack command to compress files of small sizes. To compress such files, use the pack command with the option -f for forced compression.

# pack -f filename l

The difference between the tar command and the file compression commands is as follows: The tar command packs or combines files and packs many folders or files into a package. To compress the combined files *.tar, use the compress or pack command.

2.2.5 tar This describes the function, format, option, and example of the tar command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The tar command is used to combine several files into one archive and save it to a tape or disk. When one of the files is required, obtain the file directly from an archive. 2-16


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Command Format tar function options modification options file


function options: sets the actions, such as read and write, of the tar command

l

modification options: modifies the actions of the tar command

Table 2-4 describes the options of the tar command. Table 2-4 Option description for the tar command

Option

Specified Option

Description

Function options

r

Adds the specified file to an archive.

x

Reads a file in an archive. If the file name is a folder, this option reads the subfolders included in the folder. This option is often used.

c

Creates an archive. This option is often used.

g

Creates a file at the beginning of an archive rather than add the file in the last file.

v

Activates the display mode. The names of all the processed files are displayed. This option is often used.

w

Activates the confirmation mode. Your confirmation is required before each file is processed.

f

Indicates that an archive is a file. If this parameter is skipped, the preset tape or disk is used as the object. This option is often used.

Modification options

Example l

Run the tar command to back up files. To back up all the files and subfolders in the /export/home folder in the current folder to the default device and view the file information during the backup, run the following command:

# tar cv /export/home In current folder, back up all the files and subfolders in the /export/home folder to the databak.tar file, and to view the file information during the backup, run the following command:

# tar cvf databak.tar /export/home l

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To restore the files in the default device to a hard disk, and to view the file information during the restoration, run the following command:

# tar xv In current folder, restore the databak.tar file to the /export/home folder, and to view the file information during the restoration, run the following command:

# tar xvf databak.tar

CAUTION l

Do not enter "-" on the left of the function and modification options in the tar command.

l

Run the following tar command to pack several files into a package:

# tar cvf filebak.tar file1 file2 file3 l

l

Run the previous command to pack file1, file2, and file3 into a package named filebak.tar. The names of the disk and tape devices used in file backup and restoration in the tar command may vary according to the operating system. Check carefully before running the command.

2.2.6 uncompress This describes the function, format, and example of uncompress command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The uncompress command is used to decompress the compressed files. The command for compressing files is compress .

Command Format uncompress compressed file ending with ".Z"

Example To decompress the file.Z file, run the following command:

# uncompress file.Z

2.2.7 unpack This describes the function, format, and example of the unpack command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The unpack command is used to extract the packed files. To pack files, use the pack command. 2-18


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Command Format unpack compressed file ending with ".Z"

Example To extract the file.Z file, run the following command:

# unpack fi le.Z

2.3 File View and Modification This describes the functions of the file view and modification and provides some application examples. 2.3.1 cat This describes the function, format, option, and example of the cat command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.3.2 clear This describes the function and example of the clear command. The command is only used on the Solaris operating system. 2.3.3 diff This describes the function, format, parameter options, and application example of the diff command. You can run the diff command to compare files. The command is only used on the Linux operating system. 2.3.4 echo This describes the function, format, option, and example of the echo command. The command is only used on the Solaris operating system. 2.3.5 grep This describes the function, format, and example of the grep command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.3.6 head This describes the function, format, and example of the head command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.3.7 less This describes the function, format, parameter options, and application example of the less command. You can run the less command to view files. The command is only used on the Linux operating system. 2.3.8 more This describes the function, format, option, and example of the more command. The more command is used to view a file one screen at a time. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.3.9 tail This describes the function, format, and example of the tail command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.3.10 vi Issue 02 (2009-10-31)


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This describes the function and format of the vi command. The vi command can be used to create and modify text files. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

2.3.1 cat This describes the function, format, option, and example of the cat command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The cat command is used to view the contents of a text file.

Command Format cat option file


-n: number of each line of the displayed text

l

-v: to view nonprinting characters rather than TAB and RETURN

Example To view the contents of the cat_Table.txt file, run the following command:

# cat cat_Table.txt Name Object_type ----------------------------- ---------------------tbl128Addr user table tbl128IP user table tbl128Name user table tblAdapterIP user table tblAdjCell user table ... ...

Owner -----------------------------cat cat cat cat cat ...

NOTE

To view several files at the same time, run the following command:

# cat file1 file2 file3

2.3.2 clear This describes the function and example of the clear command. The command is only used on the Solaris operating system.

Function The clear command is used to clear the contents on the screen. 2-20


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Example To clear the screen, run the following command:

# clear

2.3.3 diff This describes the function, format, parameter options, and application example of the diff command. You can run the diff command to compare files. The command is only used on the Linux operating system.

Function You can run the diff command to compare files and display differences between the files. It can be used to compare single files or directories. NOTE

The diff command is applicable to text files.

Format diff option file1 file2

Option Description For details about options of the diff command, see Table 2-5. Table 2-5 Option description about the diff command options

Option

Description

-b

Compare any number of space characters that are regarded as new line tags at the end of each line with other space character strings except new line tags. The space characters in front of new line characters are ignored.

-w

Ignore the spaces and TAB characters and consider all the strings of blanks as the same. For example, "if ( a == b )" is considered the same as "if(a==b)".

-s

Inform you of identical files. The different files are not mentioned.

-i

Be not case sensitive. For example, letter "a" in lower case is considered the same as letter "A" in upper case.

If the file is a sign-linking file, then the -> sign is added at the end of the file name for pointing to the linked file.

System Output The system outputs of the diff command are as follows: l

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l

If 1 is displayed, you can infer that differences are found.

l

If >1 is displayed, you can infer that errors occur.

Application Example To compare the chap1.bak file and the chap1 file, run the following command:

# diff chap1.back chap1 The system output displays the differences between the chap1.bak file and the chap1 file.

2.3.4 echo This describes the function, format, option, and example of the echo command. The command is only used on the Solaris operating system.

Function The echo command is used to send a character string to a standard output device such as the monitor screen.

Command Format echo character string option

Option Description Table 2-6 lists five options that are frequently used. Table 2-6 Option description of the echo command

Option

Description

\c

The RETURN character is not displayed.

\0n

n is an 8-digit ASCII character code.

\t

The TAB character is displayed.

\n

The RETURN character is displayed.

\v

The vertical TAB character is displayed.

Example # echo $HOME /export/home /export/home displayed on the screen is the meaning of the character string "$HOME".

To prevent the system from displaying RETURN, run the following command:

# echo $HOME "\c" 2-22


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/export/home Or:

# echo "$HOME \c" /export/home NOTE

The options \c, \0n, \t, \n, and \v are displayed in the character string enclosed in quotation marks. The quotation marks can quote either one option or multiple options.

2.3.5 grep This describes the function, format, and example of the grep command. The usage of t he command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The grep command is used to search for a character string in a text file and to print all the lines that contain the character string.

Command Format grep character string file

Example To search the character string operation in the ifconfig.txt file, run the following command:

# grep operation ifconfig.txt used to control operation of dhcpagent(1M), the DHCP client operation, be used to modify the address or characteristics dhcpagent wakes up to conduct another DHCP operation on the given, and the operation is one that requested operation will continue.

To search the character string "The following options are supported" in the ifconfig.txt file, run the following the command:

# grep "The following options are supported" ifconfig.txt The following options are supported: NOTE

The character string "The following options are supported" includes spaces. Remember to enclose the character string within quotation marks in the command line.

2.3.6 head This describes the function, format, and example of the head command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

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Command Format head value file

Example To view the first three lines of the A_Table.txt file, run the following command:

# head -3 A_Table.txt Name Owner Object_type ------------------------------ ------------------------------

2.3.7 less This describes the function, format, parameter options, and application example of the less command. You can run the less command to view files. The command is only used on the Linux operating system.

Function A text file is displayed on a PC by page. The function of the less command is the same as that of the more command. You can run either command to view a file by page. The difference is that, the less command enables you to turn to the previous or next page. For details about the more, see 2.3.8 more.

Format less option file

Application Example To view the contents of the cat_Table.txt file on screen at a time, run the following command:

# less cat_Table.txt NOTE

To view a file on screen at a time, press the following keys to perform relevant operations: l

b: Turn to the previous page.

l

p: Turn to the next page.

l

q: Exit.

2.3.8 more This describes the function, format, option, and example of the more command. The more command is used to view a file one screen at a time. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function View a file one screen at a time. You can also use this command to browse the previous screens and to search for character strings. 2-24


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Command Format more option file

Option Description Remember to insert the prefix - before the options when multiple options and combination of options are used. Table 2-7 lists four options that are frequently used. Table 2-7 Option description of the more command

Option

Description

-c

Clears the screen before the content is displayed.

-w

Indicates that the system does not exit at the end of the input but waits for the prompt.

-lines

Displays the number of lines on each screen.

+/mode

Searches files in a preset mode.

Example To view the contents of the cat_Table.txt file on screen at a time, run the following command:

# more cat_Table.txt Name Object_type ----------------------------- ---------------------tbl128Addr user table tbl128IP user table tbl128Name user table tblAdapterIP user table tblAdjCell user table ... ...


NOTE l

To view a file on screen at a time, press the following keys to perform relevant operations: Space key: to view the next screen Return key: to view the next line q: to exit h: to view the online help b: to switch back to the previous screen /word: to search the character string "word" backward

2.3.9 tail This describes the function, format, and example of the tail command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris oper ating system and the Linux operating system. Issue 02 (2009-10-31)


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Command Reference

Function The tail command is used to view the last few lines of a text. By default, the last 10 lines are displayed.

Command Format tail value file value file

Example To view the last ten lines of the cat_Table.txt file, run the following command:

# tail cat_Table.txt Name Object_type ----------------------------- ---------------------tbl128Addr user table tbl128IP user table tbl128Name user table tblAdapterIP user table tblAdjCell user table ... ...


NOTE

A special function of the tail command is to view the latest changes of a log file, because all the latest changes are added at the end of the log file. The command format is as follows:

# tail -f commdrv.log The option -f refers refers to the function of monitoring a file.

2.3.10 vi This describes the function and format of the vi command. The vi command can be used to create and modify text files. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function As a powerful text editing tool, the vi editor is used to create and modify text files. The vi editor works in two modes: l

Text input mode: to enter the text

l

Command mode: to enter the control command

l

To start the vi editor, enter the following command:

Format vi file name 2-26


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2 Operating System Commands l

Table 2-8 lists the operations in the text input mode. Table 2-8 Operations in the text input mode

l

Command

Function

a

Insert text immediately after the cursor (append).

A

Insert text at the end of the line where the cursor is.

i

Insert text immediately before the cursor (insert).

I

Insert text before the first nonblank character in the line where the cursor is.

o

Insert a new line below the current one and insert text (open).

O

Insert a new line above the current one and insert text.

Table 2-9 lists the operations related to moving the cursor in the text input mode. Table 2-9 Operations related to moving the cursor in the text input mode

l

Command

Function

h

Move the cursor one character left.

j

Move the cursor one character down.

k

Move the cursor one character up.

l

Move the cursor one character right.

Line No. G

Move the cursor to a specified line. For example, 1G means that the cursor is moved to the first line.

G

Move the cursor to the end of the text.

Table 2-10 lists the operation for exiting the text input mode and switching to the command mode. Table 2-10 Operation for exiting the text input mode and switching to the command mode

l

Command

Function

ESC

Exit the text input mode and switches to the command mode.

Table 2-11 lists the operations related to deleting characters in the command mode. Table 2-11 Operations related to deleting characters in the command mode

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Command

Function

x

Delete a character. Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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Command Reference

Command

Function

dd

Delete a line.

Exit the vi editor. All the commands commands that exit that exit vi editor must be run in the command mode. Therefore press ESC before running the commands. Table 2-12 describes the commands for exiting the vi editor. Table 2-12 Commands for exiting the vi editor

Command

Function

:wq

Save a file and exit the vi editor.

:q

Exit from the vi editor without saving the file.

:q!

Exit from the vi editor and discard all the changes.

:w

Save a file other than exit the vi editor.

2.4 Account Management Management This describes describes the functions of functions of the account management commands and provides some application examples. examples. Only user root and authorized users can add, modify, or delete users and user groups. 2.4.1 groupadd This describes the function, format, and example of the groupadd command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.4.2 groupdel This describes the function, format, and example of the groupdel command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.4.3 groupmod This describes the function, format, parameter, and example of the groupmod command. The command is only used on the Solaris operating system. 2.4.4 passwd This describes the function, format, and example of the passwd command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.4.5 useradd This describes the command function, command format, command option, and example of the useradd command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.4.6 userdel This describes the function, format, and example of the userdel command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.4.7 usermod 2-28


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This describes the function, format, parameter, and example of the usermod command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

2.4.1 groupadd This describes the function, format, and example of the groupadd command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The groupadd command is used to add a user group in the operating system.

Command Format groupadd user group name

Example To add the user group staff1 in the operating system, run the following command:

# groupadd staff1

2.4.2 groupdel This describes the function, format, and example of the groupdel command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The groupdel command is used to delete a user group in the Unix/Linux system.

Command Format groupdel user group name

Example To delete the user group staff1, run the following command:

# groupdel staff1

2.4.3 groupmod This describes the function, format, parameter, and example of the groupmod command. The command is only used on the Solaris operating system.

Function The groupmod command is used to modify the information about a user group.

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Command Reference

Parameter Description -n name: the name of the modified user group

Example To modify the name of the user group staff1 to staff2, run the following command:

# groupmod -n staff2 staff1

2.4.4 passwd This describes the function, format, and example of the passwd command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The passwd command is used to set a password for an added user or to change the user password.

Command Format passwd user name

Example Assume that the user omc1 is added. To set the password of omc1, run the following command:

# passwd omc1 New Password: Re-enter new Password: passwd: password successfully changed for omc1 NOTE

The input password is not displayed.

2.4.5 useradd This describes the command function, command format, command option, and example of the useradd command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The useradd command is performed to add a user in the Unix/Linux system.

Command Format useradd option new user name

Option Description You can combine options of the useradd command. Add the prefix - before these options. Table 2-13 lists the common options. 2-30


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Table 2-13 Option description of the useradd command

Option

Remark

-c comment

Indicate the comment.

-d directory

Indicate the home folder.

-m

Indicate the automatic creation of a home folder if the home folder does not exist.

-g group

Indicate the user group that the user belongs to.

-s shell

Indicate the shell that the user uses.

-u uid

indicates the user ID. A user account has a unique ID.

-k directory

indicates that a template file in a specified directory is copied to the main directory. Common template files include .profile and .cshrc. Template files enable each user to operate in the same environment. If you plan to run the useradd command to copy a template file to the main directory, you must check whether the main directory exists. If the main directory does not exist, run the useradd -m command to create one. If the main directory exists, the user group to which the created user belongs must have the read, write, and execute rights over the main directory.

Example Create a user named omc1 in the Unix/Linux system. The user omc1 belongs to the staff user group and the home folder is /home1/omc that is created automatically. In addition, the comment is Test User and B shell is applied. To create a user named omc1 in the Unix/Linux system, run the following commands:

# useradd -c "Test User" -d /home1/omc -m -g staff -s /bin/bash omc1

CAUTION

After a user is added, set the password for the added user. For details of setting the password, refer to 2.4.4 passwd. After the password is set, the user can log in as a new user.

2.4.6 userdel This describes the function, format, and example of the userdel command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. Issue 02 (2009-10-31)


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Function The userdel command is used to delete a user. Some operating system systems do not allow deleting users completely. Run the userdel command to revoke the privileges granted to the user.

Command Format userdel user name

Example Assume that there is user omc1 in the system. To delete user omc1, run the following command:

# userdel omc1 If the following message is displayed, you can infer that no timing task created by the user is being performed. no crontab for omc1

CAUTION

When a user has logged in, do not run the userdel command to delete the user. If you run the userdel command, the following error message is displayed:

UX: userdel: ERROR: omc1 is in use. Cannot remove it.

2.4.7 usermod This describes the function, format, parameter, and example of the usermod command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The usermod command is used to modify the user login information.

Command Format usermod option user name

Option Description The combined option of the usermod command can be used. Add the prefix - before the options. Table 2-14 lists the common options. Table 2-14 Option description of the usermod command

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Option

Description

-c comment

Modified comment Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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Option

Description

-d directory

Modified home folder

-m

Create a home folder automatically if the home folder does not exist

-g group

Modified user group

-s shell

Used shell

-l new_logname

Modified user name

Example To modify the login information about omc1, you need modify the user name to test, user group to new_group, home folder to /home1, and comment to Tester. Run the following command:

# usermod -c "Test User" -d /home1 -g new_group -l test omc1

CAUTION

Do not run the usermod command to modify a user when the user has logged in. If you use the usermod command, the following error message is displayed:

UX: usermod: ERROR: omc1 is in use. Cannot change it.

2.5 Find and Help This describes the functions of the find and help commands and provides some application examples. 2.5.1 find This describes the function, format, parameter, and example of the find command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.5.2 man This describes the function, format, and example of the man command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.5.3 whereis This describes the function, format, option, parameter, and example of the whereis command. The whereis command is used to view the location of a source file, binary file, and online help of a command. The command is only used on the Solaris operating system. 2.5.4 which This describes the function, format, and example of which command. The command is only used on the Solaris operating system.

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2.5.1 find This describes the function, format, parameter, and example of the find command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The find command is used to search for a file that meets the preset conditions in the specified folders and subfolders. By using this command, you can find the file even if you forget the correct path of the file.

Command Format find folder condition


l

Folder : indicates the folder to be searched. You can enter multiple folder names. Separate the folder names by using spaces. Condition: indicates the conditions for file search, such as the file name, owner, and time of the last modification.

Table 2-15 describes the conditions for file search. Table 2-15 Conditions for file search

2-34

Condition

Description

-name name

The name of the file or folder to be searched. Wildcards, such as -name '*.c' , can be used.

-print

Prints the path that meets the conditions.

-size n

Searches for the files that use n blocks.

-type x

Searches for files by file type. The file type x includes: l

d: directory

l

f : file

l

b: block

l

c: character

l

p: pipe

-user user

Searches all files of user. The value of user can be a user name or UID.

-group group

Searches all files of the user group. The value of group can be a user group name or GID.

-links n

Searches all files with the number of links as n.

-atime n

Searches the files accessed before n days.

-mtime n

Searches the files modified before n days. Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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Condition

Description

-exec command {}\;

Uses the found file as the object of the command to be run. Put the parameters to be used in the command execution between { and }.

Table 2-16 describes the logical operators of conditions. Table 2-16 Logical operators of conditions

Logical Operator

Mean ing

Example

Description

!

non

! -name "*.c"

All the files except those with the extension name as .c

-o

or

-size +10 -o -links 3

All the files with more than 10 blocks or with 3 links

and

-size +10 -links 3

All the files with more than 10 blocks and with 3 links

In the preceding table, +10 stands for more than 10 blocks and -10 for fewer than 10 blocks.

Example To search for files in the /tmp folder with the file name starting with c, and then print the paths, run the following command:

# find /tmp -name "c*" -print /tmp/ctisql_0WBJgt /tmp/ctisql_0dznJ_ /tmp/ctisql_0CpW34 /tmp/ctisql_0FO4vs

To search the file test in the current folder and then print the paths, run the following command:

# find . -name test -print ./Report/reloc/resin1.2.0/conf/test ./Report/reloc/resin1.2.0/doc/examples/login/WEB-INF/classes/test ./Report/reloc/resin1.2.0/doc/examples/tags/WEB-INF/classes/test

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NOTE l

The search may take several minutes. To save time, you can run this command in the background. That is, the output for the command is exported to a file for later query. End the command line with & so that the operating system runs the command in the background. For example,

# find / -name "abc*" -print > abc.file & l

After the search is complete, run the following command to view the result of the search:

# cat abc.file l

Different users may have different privileges for the same file. Therefore, ordinary users may find only some files of the system. To list all the files that meet the set conditions, log in as a super user and search from the root directory.

2.5.2 man This describes the function, format, and example of the man command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The man command is used to view the online help about a command.

Command Format man option command

Example To view the online help about the pwd command, run the following command:

# man pwd Reformatting page.

Wait... done

User Commands

pwd(1)

NAME pwd - return working directory name SYNOPSIS /usr/bin/pwd DESCRIPTION pwd writes an absolute path name directory to standard output.

of

Both the Bourne shell, sh(1), and the also have a built-in pwd command.

the

Korn

current

working

shell,

ksh(1),

ENVIRONMENT See environ(5) for descriptions of the following environment variables that affect the execution of pwd: LC_MESSAGES and NLSPATH. EXIT STATUS --More--(30%) NOTE

Not all parameters in the man command are command names. For example, the man ascii command displays all the ASCII characters and their expressions.

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2.5.3 whereis This describes the function, format, option, parameter, and example of the whereis command. The whereis command is used to view the location of a source file, binary file, and online help of a command. The command is only used on the Solaris operating system.

Function The whereis command is used to view the location of a source file, binary file, and online help of a command.

Command Format whereis option command


-b : to view the location of the binary file

l

-m: to view the location of the help manual

l

-s: to view the location of the source file

Parameter Description command : the command for which the location is to be displayed

Example l

To view the exact location of files of various versions for the ls command, run the following command:

# whereis ls ls: /usr/bin/ls /usr/ucb/ls /usr/man/man1/ls.1 /usr/man/man1b/ls.1b l

To view the exact location of the binary file for the ls command, run the following command:

# whereis -b ls ls: /usr/bin/ls /usr/ucb/ls l

To view the exact location of the help manual for the ls command, run the following command:

# whereis -m ls ls: /usr/man/man1/ls.1 /usr/man/man1b/ls.1b

2.5.4 which This describes the function, format, and example of which command. The command is only used on the Solaris operating system.

Function The which command is used to view the location where a command is run. The result may be an absolute path or alias of the command found in the user environment variant PATH. Issue 02 (2009-10-31)


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Command Format which command

Example To view the position where the commands pwd, who, and which are run, run the following command:

# which pwd who whi ch /usr/bin/pwd /usr/bin/who /usr/bin/whi ch NOTE

If the command to be located does not exist in the file, the following error messages are displayed after you run the which command:

# which qqqq no qqqq in /usr/bin /usr/ucb /etc

2.6 System Information This describes the system information commands and provides some application examples. 2.6.1 date This describes the function, format, parameter options, and application examples of the data command. The data command is used to view the current date and time of the system. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.6.2 df This describes the function, format, option, and example of the df command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.6.3 du This describes the function, format, option, and example of the du command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.6.4 hostname This describes the function, format, and example of the hostname command. The command is only used on the Solaris operating system. 2.6.5 prtconf This describes the function, format, parameter options, and instances of the prtconf command. The command is only used on the Solaris operating system. 2.6.6 uname This describes the function, format, parameter options, and application examples of the uname command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.6.7 who This describes the functions, command format, option description, parameter description, and example of the who command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2-38


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2.6.1 date This describes the function, format, parameter options, and application examples of the data command. The data command is used to view the current date and ti me of the system. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The data command is used to view the current date and time of the system. The super user can run the date command to set the system date and time.

Format date option +format


-u: to use the Greenwich mean time.

l

+format: to specify the command output format.

Table 2-17 describes the format of the command output. Table 2-17 Format of the command output

Format

Description

%h

Abbreviation of the month: from January to December

%j

A day in a year: from 001 to 366

%n

Switch to next line

%t

The tab key

%y

The last two digits of the year: from 00 to 99

%D

Output format of the date: month/date/year

%H

Hour: from 00 to 23

%M

Minute: from 00 to 59

%S

Second: from 00 to 59

%T

Output format of time: hour:minute:second

Example l

To view the current date and time of the system, run the following command: date Mon Feb

l

4 20:26:16 GMT 2002

To view the current system date and time in the Greenwich Mean Time, run the following command: date -u

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2 Operating System Commands Mon Feb l

Command Reference 4 12:27:26 GMT 2002

To view the current date of the system in the format of month/day/year, run the following command: date +%D 02/04/02

2.6.2 df This describes the function, format, option, and example of the df command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The df command is used to view the free disk space. The system administrator runs this command frequently to check the usage of the disk space to avoid disk failure due to data overflow.

Command Format df option file system


-l : the local file system

l

-k : to view the free disk space (unit: KB)

Example To check the free disk space, run the following command:

# df -k Filesystem /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 /proc fd /dev/dsk/c0t1d0s7 swap

kbytes used avail capacity 2053605 997684 994313 51% 0 0 0 0% 0 0 0 0% 35009161 2562019 32097051 8% 3431792 6664 3425128 1%

Mounted on / /proc /dev/fd /export/home /tmp

The command result contains the following information: l

File system name

l

File size (unit: KB)

l

Used space

l

Free space

l

Capacity percentage of the filled file system and the mounting point

When you run the df command without any parameters, the free disk space in each mounted device is displayed. When the free disk space is reduced to the bottom line, the system administrator must take immediate measures to locate the faulty file system. 2-40


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2.6.3 du This describes the function, format, option, and example of the du command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The du command is used to view the disk space used by a specific folder or file.

Command Format du option folder or file


-a : to view the disk space used by each file

l

-s: to view the used total disk space

l

-k : to view the result (unit: KB)

l

To view the disk space used by the files in the /etc folder, run the following command:

Example # du -k /etc |more 4 4 84 157 721 52 16 8 44 44 285 81 28 16 84 8 32 4 12 4 4 850 40 8 93 181 16 12 108 2345 4 4 16 4 4 12

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/etc/X11/fs /etc/X11/twm /etc/X11/xdm/pixmaps /etc/X11/xdm /etc/X11/xkb/rules /etc/X11/xkb/types /etc/X11/xkb/semantics /etc/X11/xkb/geometry/ibm_vndr /etc/X11/xkb/geometry/digital_vndr /etc/X11/xkb/geometry/sgi_vndr /etc/X11/xkb/geometry /etc/X11/xkb/compat /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/sun_vndr /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/fujitsu_vndr /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/macintosh_vndr /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/nec_vndr /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/digital_vndr /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/sony_vndr /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/xfree68_vndr /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/hp_vndr /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/sgi_vndr /etc/X11/xkb/symbols /etc/X11/xkb/keymap/sun_vndr /etc/X11/xkb/keymap/digital_vndr /etc/X11/xkb/keymap/sgi_vndr /etc/X11/xkb/keymap /etc/X11/xkb/keycodes/digital_vndr /etc/X11/xkb/keycodes/sgi_vndr /etc/X11/xkb/keycodes /etc/X11/xkb /etc/X11/xsm /etc/X11/lbxproxy /etc/X11/fvwm2 /etc/X11/xserver/C/print/ddx-config/raster /etc/X11/xserver/C/print/ddx-config /etc/X11/xserver/C/print/attributes


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Command Reference

245 /etc/X11/xserver/C/print/models/PSdefault/fonts --More ― l

To view the disk space used by all file systems in the current folder and send the results to the sort command for sorting, run the following command:

# du -s * |sort -rn |more 28672 opt 3757 X11 2522 cups 1282 bootsplash 822 xscreensaver 808 sysconfig 661 services 661 init.d 473 postfix 428 apparmor 416 mono 389 joe 193 profile.d 165 ssl 165 apparmor.d 164 ssh 145 pam.d 145 lvm 112 fonts 109 xinetd.d --More ― l

To list the first ten file systems according to the file size, run the following command:

# du -s * |sort -rn |head -10 28672 3757 2522 1282 822 808 661 661 473 428

opt X11 cups bootsplash xscreensaver sysconfig services init.d postfix apparmor

2.6.4 hostname This describes the function, format, and example of the hostname command. The command is only used on the Solaris operating system.

Function The hostname command is used to view or set the host name.

Command Format hostname host name

Example To view the host name, run the following command:

# hostname 2-42


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2 Operating System Commands NOTE

If you run the hostname command without parameters, the host name of the equipment is displayed. If you run the hostname command with parameters, the host name is set. Only the super user can run the hostname command.

2.6.5 prtconf This describes the function, format, parameter options, and instances of the prtconf command. The command is only used on the Solaris operating system.

Function The prtconf command is used to check the system configuration information.

Format prtconf option device path

Instance l

Check all the configuration information about the system.

# prtconf System Configuration: Sun Microsystems Memory size: 4096 Megabytes System Peripherals (Software Nodes):

sun4u

SUNW,Netra-240 scsi_vhci, instance #0 packages (driver not attached) SUNW,builtin-drivers (driver not attached) deblocker (driver not attached) disk-label (driver not attached) terminal-emulator (driver not attached) dropins (driver not attached) kbd-translator (driver not attached) obp-tftp (driver not attached) SUNW,i2c-ram-device (driver not attached) SUNW,fru-device (driver not attached) SUNW,asr (driver not attached) ufs-file-system (driver not attached) chosen (driver not attached) openprom (driver not attached) client-services (driver not attached) options, instance #0 aliases (driver not attached) memory (driver not attached) virtual-memory (driver not attached) SUNW,UltraSPARC-IIIi, instance #0 (driver not attached) memory-controller, instance #0 SUNW,UltraSPARC-IIIi, instance #1 (driver not attached) memory-controller, instance #1 pci, instance #0 network, instance #0 network, instance #1 pci, instance #1 isa, instance #0 flashprom (driver not attached) rtc (driver not attached) i2c, instance #0 i2c-bridge (driver not attached) i2c-bridge (driver not attached) motherboard-fru-prom, instance #0 (driver n

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chassis-fru-prom, instance #1 (driver not a alarm-fru-prom, instance #2 (driver not att power-supply-fru-prom, instance #3 (driver power-supply-fru-prom, instance #4 (driver dimm-spd, instance #5 (driver not attached) dimm-spd, instance #6 (driver not attached) dimm-spd, instance #7 (driver not attached) dimm-spd, instance #8 (driver not attached) rscrtc (driver not attached) nvram, instance #9 (driver not attached) idprom (driver not attached) gpio, instance #0 (driver not attached) gpio, instance #1 (driver not attached) gpio, instance #2 (driver not attached) gpio, instance #3 (driver not attached) gpio, instance #4 (driver not attached) gpio, instance #5 (driver not attached) power, instance #0 serial, instance #0 serial, instance #1 (driver not attached) rmc-comm, instance #0 pmu, instance #0 i2c, instance #0 gpio, instance #0 usb, instance #0 ide, instance #0 disk (driver not attached) cdrom (driver not attached) sd, instance #3 pci, instance #2 scsi, instance #0 disk (driver not attached) tape (driver not attached) sd, instance #0 sd, instance #1 (driver not attached) sd, instance #2 (driver not attached) sd, instance #4 (driver not attached) sd, instance #5 (driver not attached) sd, instance #6 (driver not attached) sd, instance #7 (driver not attached) sd, instance #8 (driver not attached) sd, instance #9 (driver not attached) sd, instance #10 (driver not attached) sd, instance #11 (driver not attached) sd, instance #12 (driver not attached) sd, instance #13 (driver not attached) sd, instance #14 (driver not attached) sd, instance #15 (driver not attached) st, instance #1 (driver not attached) st, instance #2 (driver not attached) st, instance #3 (driver not attached) st, instance #4 (driver not attached) st, instance #5 (driver not attached) st, instance #6 (driver not attached) ses, instance #1 (driver not attached) ses, instance #2 (driver not attached) ses, instance #3 (driver not attached) ses, instance #4 (driver not attached) ses, instance #5 (driver not attached) ses, instance #6 (driver not attached) ses, instance #7 (driver not attached) ses, instance #8 (driver not attached) ses, instance #9 (driver not attached) ses, instance #10 (driver not attached) ses, instance #11 (driver not attached) ses, instance #12 (driver not attached) ses, instance #13 (driver not attached) ses, instance #14 (driver not attached) ses, instance #15 (driver not attached)

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2 Operating System Commands scsi, instance #1 disk (driver not attached) tape (driver not attached) sd, instance #16 (driver not attached) sd, instance #17 (driver not attached) sd, instance #18 (driver not attached) sd, instance #19 (driver not attached) sd, instance #20 (driver not attached) sd, instance #21 (driver not attached) sd, instance #22 (driver not attached) sd, instance #23 (driver not attached) sd, instance #24 (driver not attached) sd, instance #25 (driver not attached) sd, instance #26 (driver not attached) sd, instance #27 (driver not attached) sd, instance #28 (driver not attached) sd, instance #29 (driver not attached) sd, instance #30 (driver not attached) st, instance #8 (driver not attached) st, instance #9 (driver not attached) st, instance #10 (driver not attached) st, instance #11 (driver not attached) st, instance #12 (driver not attached) st, instance #13 (driver not attached) ses, instance #16 (driver not attached) ses, instance #17 (driver not attached) ses, instance #18 (driver not attached) ses, instance #19 (driver not attached) ses, instance #20 (driver not attached) ses, instance #21 (driver not attached) ses, instance #22 (driver not attached) ses, instance #23 (driver not attached) ses, instance #24 (driver not attached) ses, instance #25 (driver not attached) ses, instance #26 (driver not attached) ses, instance #27 (driver not attached) ses, instance #28 (driver not attached) ses, instance #29 (driver not attached) ses, instance #30 (driver not attached) ses, instance #31 (driver not attached) pci, instance #3 network, instance #2 network, instance #3 iscsi, instance #0 pseudo, instance #0

2.6.6 uname This describes the function, format, parameter options, and application examples of the uname command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The uname command is used to view the information about the operating system. If you run this command without parameters, only the name of the operating system is displayed. If you run this command with parameters, more details about the operating system are displayed.

Format uname option

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Option Description The options of the uname command can be combined. Add the prefix - before the options. Table 2-18 lists some frequently used options. Table 2-18 Description of the uname options

Option

Description

-a

Views all the information.

-i

Views hardware information.

-m

Views the name of the equipment hardware. It is recommended that -p be used instead of -m.

-n

Views the name of the network equipment.

-p

Views the ISA of the host or the type of the processor.

-r

Views the serial number of the operating system of the host.

-s

Views the name of the operating system of the host (it is the default option).

-v

Views the version of the operating system of the host.

-S system_name

Sets the host name of the machine.

Example To view the name, version, and serial number of the operating system on the host, run the following command:

# uname -svr

2.6.7 who This describes the functions, command format, option description, parameter description, and example of the who command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The who command reports the login information about all the users in the current system.

Command Format who Option 2-46


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Option Description l l

-b : display the system date and time of the last startup -m: display the related information about the users who run the command (the same as the command who with two parameters am i

Parameter Description am i: display the login information about the users who run the command

Example l

Display the login information about all the users in the current system:

# who root root root l

pts/3 pts/5 pts/6

Feb 4 10:08 Feb 4 08:45 Feb 4 11:25

(10.129.16.60) (10.129.28.44) (10.129.16.60)

Display the login information about the users who run the command:

# who am i root

pts/5

Feb

4 08:45

(10.129.28.44)

Feb

4 08:45

(10.129.28.44)

or:

# who -m root

pts/5

2.7 Process-Related This describes the process-related commands and provides some application examples. 2.7.1 kill This describes the function, format, option, and example of the kill command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.7.2 prstat This describes how to use the CPU to check the function and user identity of the prstat command. It also provides an example to explain the application. The command is only used on the Solaris operating system. 2.7.3 ps This describes the function, format, option, and example of the ps command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.7.4 top This describes the function and application example of the top command. It also describes the users authorized to run the top command. You can run the top command to view the CPU usage. The command is only used on the Linux operating system.

2.7.1 kill This describes the function, format, option, and example of the kill command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. Issue 02 (2009-10-31)


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Function The kill command is used to terminate a process.

Command Format kill option process No.


-l : lists the names of all the signals

l

-s signal: sends a signal named signal to the processes

Parameter Description Process No.: the ID of the process to be terminated, that is, the process ID

Example l

To list all the signal names on the Solaris operating system, run the following command:

# kill -l EXIT HUP INT QUIT ILL TRAP ABRT EMT FPE KILL BUS SEGV SYS PIPE ALRM TERM USR1 USR2 CLD PWR WINCH URG POLL STOP TSTP CONT TTIN TTOU VTALRM PROF XCPU XFSZ WAITING LWP FREEZE THAW CANCEL LOST RTMIN RTMIN+1 RTMIN+2 RTMIN+3 RTMAX-3 RTMAX-2 RTMAX-1 RTMAX l

To list all the signal names on the Linux operating system, run the following command:

# kill -l 1) 5) 9) 13) 17) 21) 25) 29) 35) 39) 43) 47) 51) 55) 59) 63) l

SIGHUP SIGTRAP SIGKILL SIGPIPE SIGCHLD SIGTTIN SIGXFSZ SIGIO SIGRTMIN+1 SIGRTMIN+5 SIGRTMIN+9 SIGRTMIN+13 SIGRTMAX-13 SIGRTMAX-9 SIGRTMAX-5 SIGRTMAX-1

2) 6) 10) 14) 18) 22) 26) 30) 36) 40) 44) 48) 52) 56) 60) 64)

SIGINT SIGABRT SIGUSR1 SIGALRM SIGCONT SIGTTOU SIGVTALRM SIGPWR SIGRTMIN+2 SIGRTMIN+6 SIGRTMIN+10 SIGRTMIN+14 SIGRTMAX-12 SIGRTMAX-8 SIGRTMAX-4 SIGRTMAX

3) 7) 11) 15) 19) 23) 27) 31) 37) 41) 45) 49) 53) 57) 61)

SIGQUIT SIGBUS SIGSEGV SIGTERM SIGSTOP SIGURG SIGPROF SIGSYS SIGRTMIN+3 SIGRTMIN+7 SIGRTMIN+11 SIGRTMIN+15 SIGRTMAX-11 SIGRTMAX-7 SIGRTMAX-3

4) 8) 12) 16) 20) 24) 28) 34) 38) 42) 46) 50) 54) 58) 62)

SIGILL SIGFPE SIGUSR2 SIGSTKFLT SIGTSTP SIGXCPU SIGWINCH SIGRTMIN SIGRTMIN+4 SIGRTMIN+8 SIGRTMIN+12 SIGRTMAX-14 SIGRTMAX-10 SIGRTMAX-6 SIGRTMAX-2

To terminate the process with PID as 256, run the following command:

# kill -s KILL 256

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2 Operating System Commands NOTE l

The previous signal names can be expressed by code. For example, -1 for HUP, -2 for INT, -3 for QUIT, -9 for KILL, -15 for TERM. The signal KILL can be replaced with -9. This signal is the most frequently used one in the kill command, and thus it has the highest priority. The default signal 15 is used when no option is specified for the kill command. Run the following command to terminate the process with the PID as 256:

# kill -9 256 l

l

Run the ps command to check the execution of the kill command by listing the PIDs of the terminated processes. The kill command may lead to a data loss. Run this command with care.

2.7.2 prstat This describes how to use the CPU to check the function and user identity of the prstat command. It also provides an example to explain the application. The command is only used on the Solaris operating system.

Function The CPU usage may be high when a large number of NE alarms are reported in a short period. This command is used to find out the cause of these alarms.

Permitted Users Users root, omcuser, and dbuser are authorized to run the prstat command.

Example -bash-3.00$ prstat The command result contains the CPU usage of each process.

2.7.3 ps This describes the function, format, option, and example of the ps command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The ps command is used to view the status of the processes currently running in the system..

Command Format ps option


-e : to view the status of all the processes that are running in the system

l

-l: to view the running processes in a long-form list

l

-u user : to view the process status of a specific user

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-f : to view all the status information about the processes that are running in the system

l

Example To view the status of all the running processes controlled by the login device (the terminal), run the following command:

l

# ps PID TTY 13726 pts/5

TIME CMD 0:00 ksh

To view the complete information about the active processes, run the following command:

l

# ps -f UID root

PID 1489

PPID 1426

C STIME TTY 0 Jun24 pts/4

TIME CMD 00:00:00 -bash

To view the process related to the "xinetd", run the following command:

l

# ps -ef | grep xinetd root root

26930 1 4346 29413

0 Oct15 ? 0 10:01 pts/1

00:00:00 /usr/sbin/xinetd 00:00:00 grep xinetd

NOTE l

l

l

After you run the ps command without any parameters, the screen displays information about all running processes that are controlled by the login device (terminal). After you specify the -f parameter, more information is displayed. The information includes the user name (UID), process ID (PID), parent process ID ( PPID), technical number that indicates the running time of the process (C), process start time ( STIME), name of the terminal that activates the process (TTY), and the process name (CMD). If TTY displays ?, infer that this process is not associated with the terminal. To view all the processes related to specific characters, for example, the process related to the "xinetd", run the grep command with the ps command.

2.7.4 top This describes the function and application example of the top command. It also describes the users authorized to run the top command. You can run the top command to view the CPU usage. The command is only used on the Linux operating system.

Function The CPU usage may be high when a large number of NE alarms or performance data are reported in a short period. This command is used to find out the cause of these alarms.

Authorized Users User root and user omcuser are authorized to run the top command.

Application Example # top The system output contains the CPU usage of each process.

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2.8 Network Communications This describes the commands used for network communications and provides some application examples. 2.8.1 finger This describes the function, format, parameters, and example of the finger command. The command is only used on the Solaris operating system. 2.8.2 ftp This describes the function, format, parameter options, and application example of the ftp command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.8.3 ifconfig This describes the function, format, option, and example of the ifconfig command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.8.4 netstat This describes the function, format, options, and example of the netstat command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.8.5 ping This describes the function, format, parameter options, and application examples of the ping command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.8.6 route This describes the function, format, parameter options, and application example of the route command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.8.7 telnet This describes the functions, format, parameters, and example of the telnet command. The telnet command is used to log in to remote hosts through network connection. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

2.8.1 finger This describes the function, format, parameters, and example of the finger command. The command is only used on the Solaris operating system.

Function The finger command is used to view the information about online users of the UNIX system.

Command Format finger user name@host domain|IP address


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user nam: the user that has currently logged in to the local system. Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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l

host domain: the UNIX host domain.

l

IP address: the IP address of the UNIX host.

Example Table 2-19 lists some common examples of the finger command. Table 2-19 Examples of the finger command

Example

Description

# finger

View the information about all local users.

# finger root

View the information about user root.

# finger @omcsyb2

View the information about all users in the host omcsyb2.

# finger @omcsyb2.Huawei.com.cn

View the information about all users in the host omcsyb2.Huawei.com.cn.

# finger abc@omcsyb2

View the information about user abc in the host omcsyb2.

# finger [email protected]

View the information about user abc in the host 129.6.114.202.

2.8.2 ftp This describes the function, format, parameter options, and application example of the ftp command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The ftp command is used to transfer files between the local computer and the remote host. You can transfer one or multiple files at a time between the remote operating system and the local computer.

Format ftp IP address or domain


IP address: the IP address of the remote host

l

Domain name: the domain name of the remote host

Example Run the ftp command on the local computer. Assume that the IP address of the remote host is 129.9.169.143. 2-52


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Choose Start > Run on the local computer. In the displayed dialog box, enter ftp 129.9.169.143 and click OK . When the ftp window is displayed, enter the operating system user name and password.

User (129.9.169.143: (none) : ) ftpuser Password: password of ftpuser 230 Login successful. ftp> NOTE

Enter the password after Password: . The password is not displayed.

Enter the ftp command behind the prompt ftp>. Table 2-20 describes the ftp commands that are commonly used. Table 2-20 Common ftp commands

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Description

!command

Use a local command and return to ftp immediately.

?|help command

View the command help.

ascii

Transfer files in ASCII format (default).

binary

Transfer files in binary format.

cd folder

Modify the remote folder.

close

Break the remote connection.

dir r- folder l- file

View the remote folder. r- folder refers to the remote folder. l- file refers to the local file. If there is a local file, save the result to the local file.

get file1 file2

Copy the remote file1 to the local file2.

cd folder

Modify the local folder.

ls r- folder l- file

Same as dir, but the display format is different.

mget several files

Copy several remote files to the local computer.

open IP address or domain

Reestablish a connection.

put file1 file2

Copy the remote file1 to the local file2.

pwd

List the folders of the current remote host.

quit|bye

Exit from the ftp.

status

View the current ftp status.


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Copy all the files in the path C:\mydoc on the local computer to the /usr/local/tmp folder on the remote host.

ftp> binary ftp> lcd c:\mydoc ftp> cd /usr/local/tmp ftp> mput *.* l

Copy the .login file in the /usr/home/rms folder on the remote host to the path C: \mydoc folder on the local computer.

ftp> ascii ftp> lcd c:\temp\from ftp> cd /usr/home/rms ftp> get .login l

Copy all files in the /usr/home/rms folder on the remote computer to the path C:\temp \from on the local computer in binary format.

ftp> binary ftp> lcd c:\temp\from ftp> cd /usr/home/rms ftp> mget * l

To exit ftp.

ftp> quit

CAUTION

The Telnet and FTP protocols belong to the TCP/IP family. They are the protocols at the application layer. They work in client/server mode. The telnet/ftp program running on the local computer is a telnet/ftp client program. The telnet/ftp program connects to the server program in the remote host through the TCP/IP protocol. Any system installed with the telnet/ftp serverside software can serve as a remote host. In addition to the default network protocol TCP/IP, the Unix/Linux system supports the Telnet/FTP protocols. Because a Unix/Linux host is installed with both the telnet/ftp server software and the client software, the Unix/Linux host can serve as either a telnet/ftp server or a telnet/ftp client. Please do not put or get the files on PC's desktop. Special characters in file name, including spaces, may fail the upload or download operations. Please quote the file names with “ ” while transferring files with ftp.

2.8.3 ifconfig This describes the function, format, option, and example of the ifconfig command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The ifconfig command is used to view the IP address of the host. 2-54


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Command Format ifconfig option

Option Description -a: to view all the address information

Example To view the IP address of the host on the Solaris operating system, run the following command:

# ifconfig -a lo0: flags=849 mtu 8232inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000 hme0: flags=863mtu 1500 inet 129.9.169.143 netmask ffff0000 broadcast 129.9.255.255 hme0:1:flags=863 mtu 1500 inet 129.6.253.136 netmask ffff0000 broadcast 129.6.255.255

To view the IP address of the host on the Linux operating system, run the following command:

# ifconfig -a bond0

Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1A:4B:07:C1:18 inet addr: 10.121.77.235 Bcast:10.121.77.255 Mask:255.255.254.0 inet6 addr: fe80::200:ff:fe00:0/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:3065894 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:33607 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:261315320 (249.2 Mb) TX bytes:3767548 (3.5 Mb)

eth0

Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1A:4B:07:C1:18 inet6 addr: fe80::21a:4bff:fe07:c118/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1533670 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:16806 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:130737659 (124.6 Mb) TX bytes:1906432 (1.8 Mb) Base address:0x1000 Memory:f0080100000-f0080120000

eth1

Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1A:4B:07:C1:19 BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) Base address:0x1040 Memory:f0080120000-f0080140000

eth2

Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1A:4B:07:C1:18 inet6 addr: fe80::21a:4bff:fe07:c118/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1532224 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:16801 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:130577661 (124.5 Mb) TX bytes:1861116 (1.7 Mb) Base address:0x1200 Memory:f0180480000-f01804a0000

eth3

Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1E:0B:83:71:A1 inet addr:192.168.9.140 Bcast:192.168.9.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

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lo

Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:4337 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4337 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:404946 (395.4 Kb) TX bytes:404946 (395.4 Kb)

sit0

Link encap:IPv6-in-IPv4 NOARP MTU:1480 Metri c:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

NOTE

In the Unix/Linux system, a network adapter can bind several logical IP addresses, which realizes communications between different network segments.

2.8.4 netstat This describes the function, format, options, and example of the netstat command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The netstat command is used to display the current network status. The netstat command is powerful but complex in format. This describes common applications of the netstat command.

Command Format netstat options


For viewing all the sockets and routing tables (netstat -anv) – -a: views all socket information. – -n: views the information by number. If

you do not specify this parameter, the information is displayed by logical name.

– -v: views the information about sockets and routing tables of the additional information. l

For viewing the IP address of the network adapter ( netstat -i -I interface interval interval) – -i: views the information about the network interface. – -I interface: specifies an

interface, for example, hme0:1

– interval: indicates a time interval. l

For viewing the routing table status ( netstat -r -anv) – -r: views the information about the routing table. – -anv: refers to For viewing all the sockets and routing tables.

l

For viewing the broadcast information (netstat -M -ns) – -M: views broadcast routing tables.

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2 Operating System Commands – -s: summarizes the status of each protocol. l

For viewing the DHCP status ( netstat -D -I interface) -D: views the DHCP information.

Example Use the command netstat -rn to view the information about the routing tables:

root@ts-007 # netstat -rn Routing Table: Destination 10.105.28.0 10.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 127.0.0.1

Gateway 10.105.28.202 10.105.31.254 10.105.28.202 127.0.0.1

Flags U UG U UH

Ref 4 0

Use 2

Interface hme0

0 4 0

0 896

hme0 lo0

A router can be in any of the following five different flags: U, G, H, D, and M, as described in Table 2-21. Table 2-21 Description of routing flags

Flag

Description

U

U indicates that a route is currently available.

G

G indicates that a route is destined for a gateway such as a router. If this flag is not set, you can infer that the destination is connected directly. Flag G distinguishes between direct and indirect routes. Flag G is unnecessary for direct routes. The difference is that the packet sent through a direct route carries both the destination IP address and the link-layer address. In the packet sent through an indirect route, however, the IP address points to the destination and the link layer address points to the gateway (for example, the next router).

H

H indicates a route destined for a host. That is, the destination address is a complete host address. If this flag is not set, you can infer that the route leads to a network and that the destination address is a network address: either a network number or a network. The part in the address for the host is 0. When you search the routing table for an IP address, the host address must exactly match the destination address. The network address, however, is required to match only the network number and subnet number of the destination address.

D

D indicates that a route is created by a redirected packet.

M

M indicates that a route is modified by a redirected packet.

The Ref (Reference count) column lists the number of routing progresses. The protocol for connection, such as TCP, requires a fixed route when a connection is established. If the telnet connection is established between the host svr4 and the host slip, the Ref is 1. If another telnet connection is established, its value is changed to 2. The next column (Use) displays the number of packets sent through a specified route. After you run the ping command as the unique user of this route, the program sends five groups and the Issue 02 (2009-10-31)


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number of packets is displayed as 5. The last column (Interface) indicates the name of the local interface. The second row of the output is a loop-back interface. The interface name is permanent set to lo0. Flag G is not set because the route is not destined for a gateway. Flag H indicates that the destination address, 127.0.0.1, is a host address and not a network address. Because flag G is not set, the route here is a direct route and the gateway column shows the outgoing IP address. Each host has one or multiple default routes. That is, if a particular route is not found in the table, the packet is sent to the router. In addition, the current host can access other systems through the Sun router (and the slip link) on the internet, based on the settings of the routing table. The flag UG refers to the gateway.

2.8.5 ping This describes the function, format, parameter options, and application examples of the ping command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The ping command is used to check the physical connection of the network when the communication between a user computer and the hosts in the network is interrupted.

Format ping IP address of a host

Example Check the physical connection between the current host and the host whose IP address is 129.9.0.1 on the Solaris operating system.

# ping 129.9.0.1 129.9.0.1 is alive

Check the physical connection between the current host and the host whose IP address is 10.71.15.1 on the Linux operating system.

# ping 10.71.15.1 PING 10.71.15.1 (10.71.15.1) 56(84) bytes of 64 bytes from 10.71.15.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 64 bytes from 10.71.15.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 64 bytes from 10.71.15.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255

data. time=11.5 ms time=7.11 ms time=7.77 ms

The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is used through the ping command to check the network connection. An ICMP echo request message is sent to a specific host to request an ICMP echo response message. If the response message is not received within a specified time, the Host unreachable message is displayed on the screen. The Host unreachable message is displayed in the following cases:

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l

The specified host is invalid.

l

The physical connection of the network is not secure. Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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The two communicating hosts do not support the same communication protocol.

To analyze the causes, run the ping command to connect to other hosts in the same network segment. If the ping command is successful, you can infer that the connection is functional. In this case, check the physical connection and the operational status of the specified host. If the ping command fails, check whether the physical network connection of the current host is secure or whether the TCP/IP protocol is set correctly only for Windows 95 users.

2.8.6 route This describes the function, format, parameter options, and application example of the route command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The routing table relays IP address between network segments. The route command is used to modify and maintain the routing table.

Format route -fnvq command modifiers args route -fnvq add | change | delete | get host/net destination gateway args route -n monitor route -n flush NOTE

The meaning of "|" is the same as that of the word "or".

Parameter Description Options of the route command can be combined. Table 2-22 lists some common options. Table 2-22 Description of the route commands

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Option

Description

-f

Refresh routing tables for all gateways.

-n

View the information in characters instead of symbols.

-v

View the additional information.

-q

Suspend all outputs.

-commond

Have the command add/chang/flush (clear the gateways in the routing table)/get/monitor.

-destination

Indicate the destination network segment. For example, 10.0.0.0 stands for section 10, and 10.11.0.0 stands for section 10.11.

-gateway

Indicate the IP address of the gateway. Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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Command Reference

Option

Description

net

Indicate the network segment. For example, 10.11.12.0 stands for section 10.11.12.

host

Indicate the IP address of the host.

The example of running on the Solaris operating system l

Obtain the routing information about network segment 10.

root@ts-007 # route -n get 10.0.0.0 route to: 10.0.0.0 destination: 10.0.0.0 mask: 255.0.0.0 gateway: 10.105.31.254 interface: hme0 flags: recvpipe sendpipe ssthresh rtt,msec 0 0 0 0 l

rttvar 0

hopcount 0

0

mtu expire 1500

Clear the gateways in the routing table.

root@ts-007 # route -n flush 10

10.105.31.254

done

root@ts-007 # netstat -rn Routing Table: Destination -------------------10.105.28.0 224.0.0.0 127.0.0.1

Gateway Flags Ref Use Interface -------------------- ----- ----- ------ --------10.105.28.202 U 4 6 hme0 10.105.28.202 U 4 0 hme0 127.0.0.1 UH 0 1500 lo0

root@ts-007 # telnet 10.129.3.4 Trying 10.129.3.4... telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Network is unreachable

After the gateways in the routing table are cleared, the network segments beyond 10.105.28.202/34 are no longer accessible. l

Add a routing record.

root@ts-007 # route add 129.9.0.0 10.105.28.202 add net 129.9.0.0: gateway 10.105.28.202

root@ts-007 # netstat -rn Routing Table: Destination -------------------10.105.28.0 129.9.0.0 10.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 127.0.0.1

Gateway Flags Ref Use Interface -------------------- ----- ----- ------ --------10.105.28.202 U 4 2 hme0 10.105.28.202 UG 0 0 10.105.31.254 UG 0 0 10.105.28.202 U 4 0 hme0 127.0.0.1 UH 0 313 lo0

NOTE

129.9.0.0 10.105.28.202 UG 0 0 is the newly-added routing record. l

Modify the routing table.

root@ts-007 # route change 129.9.0.0 1.2.3.4 change net 129.9.0.0: gateway 1.2.3.4

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root@ts-007 # netstat -rn Routing Table: Destination -------------------10.105.28.0 129.9.0.0 10.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 127.0.0.1

Gateway Flags Ref Use Interface -------------------- ----- ----- ------ --------10.105.28.202 U 4 2 hme0 1.2.3.4 UG 0 0 10.105.31.254 UG 0 0 10.105.28.202 U 4 0 hme0 127.0.0.1 UH 0 445 lo0

NOTE

129.9.0.0 1.2.3.4 UG 0 0 is the routing record of the modified gateway.

The example of running on the Linux operating system Use the command netstat -rn to view the information about the routing tables:

root@ts-007 # netstat -rn Routing Table: Destination 10.105.28.0 10.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 127.0.0.1

Gateway 10.105.28.202 10.105.31.254 10.105.28.202 127.0.0.1

Flags U UG U UH

Ref 4 0

Use 2

Interface hme0

0 4 0

0 896

hme0 lo0

A router can be in any of the following five different flags: U, G, H, D, and M, as described in Table 2-23. Table 2-23 Description of routing flags

Flag

Description

U

U indicates that a route is currently available.

G

G indicates that a route is destined for a gateway such as a router. If this flag is not set, you can infer that the destination is connected directly. Flag G distinguishes between direct and indirect routes. Flag G is unnecessary for direct routes. The difference is that the packet sent through a direct route carries both the destination IP address and the link-layer address. In the packet sent through an indirect route, however, the IP address points to the destination and the link layer address points to the gateway (for example, the next router).

H

H indicates a route destined for a host. That is, the destination address is a complete host address. If this flag is not set, you can infer that the route leads to a network and that the destination address is a network address: either a network number or a network. The part in the address for the host is 0. When you search the routing table for an IP address, the host address must exactly match the destination address. The network address, however, is required to match only the network number and subnet number of the destination address.

D

D indicates that a route is created by a redirected packet.

M

M indicates that a route is modified by a redirected packet.

The Ref (Reference count) column lists the number of routing progresses. The protocol for connection, such as TCP, requires a fixed route when a connection is established. If the telnet Issue 02 (2009-10-31)


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connection is established between the host svr4 and the host slip, the Ref is 1. If another telnet connection is established, its value is changed to 2. The next column (Use) displays the number of packets sent through a specified route. After you run the ping command as the unique user of this route, the program sends five groups and the number of packets is displayed as 5. The last column (Interface) indicates the name of the local interface. The second row of the output is a loop-back interface. The interface name is permanent set to lo0. Flag G is not set because the route is not destined for a gateway. Flag H indicates that the destination address, 127.0.0.1, is a host address and not a network address. Because flag G is not set, the route here is a direct route and the gateway column shows the outgoing IP address. Each host has one or multiple default routes. That is, if a particular route is not found in the table, the packet is sent to the router. In addition, the current host can access other systems through the Sun router (and the slip link) on the internet, based on the settings of the routing table. The flag UG refers to the gateway.

2.8.7 telnet This describes the functions, format, parameters, and example of the telnet command. The telnet command is used to log in to remote hosts through network connection. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function NOTE

Before running the telnet command, ensure that a local computer is connected to the remote host according to the TCP/IP protocol.

Telnet is the software used to log in to remote hosts through network connection. Telnet takes the local computer as a simulated terminal of the remote host and enables you to log in to the remote server from the local computer. After you log in to the remote host successfully through telnet, you become a remote simulated terminal user and you can use the local computer as a real terminal. In this case, the resources and functions available and the operating mode depend on the settings of the remote host and the access privileges of the login account.

Command Format telnet IP address or domain name

Parameter Description l l

IP address: the IP address of a remote host Domain: the domain name of a remote host

Example Run the telnet command on a local computer and log in to a remote host. Assume that the IP address of the remote host is 129.9.169.143. On the local computer, choose Start > Run. Enter telnet 129.9.169.143 and click OK . The Telnet dialog box appears and prompts you to enter the user name and password of the remote host. 2-62


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login: root Password:root password NOTE

Enter the password on the right of Password:. The entered password is not displayed.

The previous steps are the same as those when you operate on the host.

2.9 Other Common Commands This describes the functions of other common commands and provides some application examples. 2.9.1 bc This describes the function and example of the bc command. The command is only used on the Solaris operating system. 2.9.2 script This describes the function, format, parameter options, and application examples of the script command. You use this command to record all the screen input and output in a script file. You must start recording the screen input and output after running the script command and end recording them after running the exit command. The command is only used on the Solaris operating system. 2.9.3 pkgadd This describes the function, format, option, and example of the pkgadd command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system. 2.9.4 pkgrm This describes the function, format, and example of the pkgrm command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

2.9.1 bc This describes the function and example of the bc command. The command is only used on the Solaris operating system.

Function The bc command is used to perform a simple calculation.

Example To multiply 4 by 5, run the following command:

# bc 4*5 20 NOTE

To get the result, run the bc command, and then press Enter. Type the formula 4*5, and then press Enter. The result is displayed on the screen. Press Ctrl+D to exit from the bc program.

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2.9.2 script This describes the function, format, parameter options, and application examples of the script command. You use this command to record all the screen input and output in a script file. You must start recording the screen input and output after running the script command and end recording them after running the exit command. The command is only used on the Solaris operating system.

Function

CAUTION

Close the script file before running the exit command to terminate the recording of the screen I/O. If you do not close the script file, the script file builds up and hinders the normal operation of the system. Record in a script file all the screen input and output that occur from the time when the script command is run to the time when the exit command is entered. The script command is helpful for programming and debugging.

Format script option file

Option Description -a: appends the screen I/O content to a file. If you do not set this parameter, the screen I/O overwrites the content of the file.

Parameter Description file: the file used to save the screen I/O content. If you do not specify the file name, the screen I/O content is saved to the typescript file.

Example To save the screen I/O content in the default destination file typescript, run the following commands:

# script Script started, file is typescript

# ps PID TTY 775 pts/8

TIME CMD 0:00 ksh

# pwd /export/home

# date Mon Feb

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# exit Script done, file is typescript

To view the content of the typescript file, run the following command:

# cat typescript Script started on Mon Feb 04 19:11:49 2002 $ ps PID TTY TIME CMD 775 pts/8 0:00 ksh $ pwd /export/home $ date Mon Feb 4 19:12:14 GMT 2002 $ exit script done on Mon Feb 04 19:12:24 2002

2.9.3 pkgadd This describes the function, format, option, and example of the pkgadd command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The pkgadd command is used to send a file package to the system for execution. To remove a package from the system, run the pkgrm command.

Command Format pkgadd option file package name

Option Description -d device: to install or copy a package from the device. The device can be an absolute path, the identifier of a tape, or a disk such as /var/tmp or /floppy/floppy_name, or a device name such as /floppy/floppy0.

Example To send a file package in the current folder to the file1 file, run the following command:

# pkgadd -d . file1 The dot in the command indicates that the folder is the current folder.

2.9.4 pkgrm This describes the function, format, and example of the pkgrm command. The usage of the command is the same on the Solaris operating system and the Linux operating system.

Function The pkgrm command is used to remove a package from the system. To pack and send a package to the system, use the pkgadd command. Issue 02 (2009-10-31)


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Command Format pkgrm option file package name

Example To remove the file1 file, run the following command:

# pkgrm file1

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3 Summary of Commonly Used Cluster Commands

3

Summary of Commonly Used Cluster Commands

This describes the common maintenance commands of the Cluster 3.0. Table 3-1 Common maintenance commands of the Cluster3.0

Command

Description

scstat

Check the Cluster status.

scstat -g

Check the status of a resource group.

scrgadm -a -g oss_rg

Create the resource group oss_rg.

scrgadm -r -g oss_rg

Delete the resource group oss_rg.

scrgadm -a -g oss_rg -h osssvr-1,osssvr-2

Register osssvr-1 and osssvr-2 to the resource group oss_rg.

scrgadm -a -L -g oss_rg -l osssvr

Register the logical host osssvr to the resource group oss_rg.

scrgadm -a -j ossdg_rs -g oss_rg -t SUNW.HAStoragePlus -x FilesystemMountPoints=data,/export/home

Register the volume group ossdg_rg-t and mounting point data,/export/home to the resource group oss_rg.

scrgadm -a -t HW.M2000

Register the resource type HW.M2000 in the Sun Cluster 3.0. The link file named HW.M2000 must be created in the /usr/ cluster/lib/rgm/rtreg folder.

scrgadm -r -t HW.M2000

Delete the resource type HW.M2000 .

scrgadm -a -j ossapp_rs -t HW.M2000 -g oss_rg

Add the resource ossapp_rs of the HW.M2000 type to the resource group oss_rg.

scrgadm -r -j sybase_rs

Delete the resource sybase_rs.

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3 Summary of Commonly Used Cluster Commands

Command Reference

Command

Description

scswitch -Z -g oss_rg

Start all resources in the resource group oss_rg, including the resources deactivated by scswitch -n -j.

scswitch -F -g oss_rg

Close the resource group oss_rg.

scswitch -z -g oss_rg -h osssvr-1

Start the resource group oss_rg on the host osssvr-1.

scswitch -S -h osssvr-1

Set the disk device group and resource group to offline state at the osssvr-1 node. If the disk device group at the osssvr-1 node is online, the disk device group is switched to the osssvr-2 node after you run the command. If both the disk device group and resource group at the osssvr-1 node are online, they are switched to the osssvr-2 node after you run the command.

scswitch -e -j sybase_rs

Activate the resource sybase_rs and enable the Cluster monitoring over the Sybase.

scswitch -n -j sybase_rs

Deactivate the resource sybase_rs and stop the Cluster monitoring over the Sybase.

NOTE

3-2

l

After you run the command scswitch -S -h nodename, all online resource groups are switched to the target PC. The offline resource groups on the original host remain offline on the target PC.

l

After you run the command scswitch -z -g rgname -h nodename, the resource group rgname is switched to the target PC.


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4 Common Commands and Parameters of the Veritas Cluster

4

Common Commands and Parameters of the Veritas Cluster This describes the common commands and parameters of the Veritas Cluster. Table 4-1 Common maintenance commands of the VCS

Command

Meaning

Example

hastart

Starts the VCS.

hastart

NOTE After you run the command on a certain node, the VCS service is started on this node. The nic_rs resource is automatically started at the same time. If this node serves as the active node, the other resources of the oss_sg resource group are also automatically started.

Stops the VCS.

hastop -all

hastop -all

NOTE After you run the command, all resources in the HA system and the VCS service are stopped. Therefore, run the command with caution.

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hastop -all -force

Forcibly stops the VCS. If you fail to stop the VCS by running the hastop -all command, you need to use this command to forcibly stop the VCS.

hastop -all -force

/opt/VRTSvcs/ bin/hahb -add hb

Adds a heartbeat link.

/opt/VRTSvcs/bin/hahb -add IcmpS

/opt/VRTSvcs/ bin/hahb -delete hb

Deletes a heartbeat link.

/opt/VRTSvcs/bin/hahb -delete IcmpS


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4-2

Command Reference

Command

Meaning

Example

/opt/VRTSvcs/ bin/hahb -display

Displays the detailed information about a heartbeat link.

/opt/VRTSvcs/bin/hahb -display

/opt/VRTSvcs/ bin/hahb -state hb

Displays the status of a heartbeat link.

/opt/VRTSvcs/bin/hahb -state IcmpS

/opt/VRTSvcs/ bin/hahb -list

Lists the information about a heartbeat link.

/opt/VRTSvcs/bin/hahb -list

/opt/VRTSvcs/ bin/hahb -modify hb attr value

Modifies the parameters of a heartbeat link.

/opt/VRTSvcs/bin/hahb -modify IcmpS Arguments 10.10.10.31 clus osscluster-2

hagrp -add group

Adds a resource group.

hagrp -add OssService

hagrp -delete group

Deletes a resource group.

hagrp -delete OssService

hagrp -link parent Sets the dependency between group child group resource groups. dependency

hagrp -link OssService RvgService dependency

hagrp -unlink Deletes the dependency parent group child between resource groups. group

hagrp -unlink OssService RvgService

hagrp -clear group

Clears the fault state and no persistent state of each resource in a resource group.

hagrp -clear OssService

hagrp clearadminwait group -sys system

Clears the ADMIN_WAIT state of each resource in a resource group.

hagrp -clearadminwait OssService -sys osssvr-2

hagrp -flush group -sys system

When a resource in a resource group is blocked due to an exception during the online or offline process, you can run this command to stop the online or offline process and set the resource to the to-be-started state or the stopped state.

hagrp -flush OssService -sys osssvr-1

hagrp -online group -sys system

Starts a resource group.

hagrp -online OssService -sys osssvr-1

hagrp -offline group -sys system

Stops a resource group.

hagrp -offline OssService -sys osssvr-1

hagrp -switch group -to system

Switches a resource group.

hagrp -switch OssService -to osssvr-1

hagrp -freeze group -persistent

Freezes a resource group permanently.

hagrp -freeze OssService persistent


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Command

Meaning

Example

hagrp -unfreeze group -persistent

Unfreezes a permanently frozen resource group.

hagrp -unfreeze OssService persistent

hagrp -freeze group

Freezes a resource group temporarily.

hagrp -freeze OssService

NOTE A temporarily frozen resource group is unfrozen after the VCS is restarted.

hagrp -unfreeze group

Unfreezes a temporarily frozen resource group.

hagrp -unfreeze OssService

hagrp -enable group

Activates a resource group. A resource group can be started only after it is activated.

hagrp -enable OssService

hagrp -disable group

Disables a resource group. A resource group cannot be started after it is disabled.

hagrp -disable OssService

hagrp enableresources group

Activates all the resources in a resource group.

hagrp -enableresources OssService

hagrp disableresources group

Disables all the resources in a resource group.

hagrp -disableresources OssService

hagrp -display

Displays the detailed information about a resource group.

hagrp -display

hagrp -state

Displays the status of a resource group.

hagrp -state

hagrp -list

Lists the names of resource groups.

hagrp -list

hagrp -value group attr

Displays the values of the parameters of a resource group.

hagrp -value RvgService Probed

hagrp -dep

Displays the dependency between resource groups.

hagrp -dep

hagrp -resources group

Displays the resources of a resource group.

hagrp -resources OssService

hares -add res type group

Adds a resource.

hares -add oss_app Application OssService

hares -delete res

Deletes a resource.

hares -delete oss_app

hares -link parent res child res

Sets the dependency between resources.

hares -link oss_app oss_sybase_back

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4-3


Command

Meaning

hares -unlink Deletes the dependency parent res child res between resources.

4-4

Command Reference

Example hares -unlink oss_app oss_sybase_back

hares -clear res

Clears the alarms of a resource.

hares -clear oss_app

hares -online res sys system

Starts a resource.

hares -online oss_app -sys osssvr-1

hares -online force res -sys system

Starts a resource forcibly.

hares -online -force oss_app -sys osssvr-1

hares -offline res sys system

Stops a resource.

hares -offline oss_app -sys osssvr-1

hares -probe res sys system

Monitors the status of a resource.

hares -probe oss_app -sys osssvr-1

hares -dep

Displays the dependency between resources.

hares -dep

hares -display res

Displays the detailed information about a resource.

hares -display oss_app

hares -state res

Displays the status of a resource.

hares -state oss_app

hares -list

Lists the names of resources.

hares -list

hares -value res attr

Displays the values of the parameters of a resource.

hares -value oss_app Type


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5 Common VVR Commands and Parameters

5

Common VVR Commands and Parameters The following table describes the common VVR commands and parameters. Table 5-1 Common VVR commands and parameters

Command

Meaning

Example

vradmin -g diskgroup createpri rvg_name dv01_name,dv02_name. .. srl_name

Creates the active node in an RVG.

vradmin -g ossdg createpri ossrvg exportsync,fmdb_data_lv001,fmd b_data_lv002 srl

vradmin -g diskgroup addsec local_rvgname pri_hostname sec_hostname

Adds the standby node in the created RVG.

vradmin -g ossdg addsec ossrvg 192.168.8.20 192.168.8.22

vradmin -g diskgroup changeip local_rvgname attrs....

Changes the IP address of vradmin -g ossdg changeip ossrvg newpri=10.10.10.30 an active or a standby newsec=10.10.10.31 replication link.

vradmin -g diskgroup -l repstatus local_rvgname

Displays the replication relation of an RVG.

vradmin -g ossdg -l repstatus ossrvg

vradmin -l printrvg

Displays the information about the active and standby nodes in an RVG.

vradmin -l printrvg

vradmin -g diskgroup -l printrvg local_rvgname

Displays the information about the active and standby nodes in a specified RVG.

vradmin -g ossdg -l printrvg ossrvg

vradmin printvol

Displays the volume information in an RVG.

vradmin printvol

vradmin -g diskgroup printvol local_rvgname

Displays the volume information in a specified RVG.

vradmin -g ossdg printvol ossrvg

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5-2

Command Reference

Command

Meaning

Example

vradmin -g diskgroup pauserep local_rvgname sec_hostname

Pauses the synchronization of data to the standby node.

vradmin -g ossdg pauserep pauserep ossrvg 192.168.8.22

vradmin -g diskgroup resumerep local_rvgname sec_hostname

Resumes the synchronization of data to the standby node.

vradmin -g ossdg resumerep resumerep ossrvg 192.168.8.22

vradmin -g diskgroup -a startrep local_rvgname sec_hostname

Uses automatic synchronization to synchronize data to the standby node and establish the replication link.

vradmin -g ossdg -a -a startrep ossrvg 192.168.8.22

vradmin -g diskgroup stoprep local_rvgname sec_hostname

Stops copying data to the standby node.

vradmin -g ossdg stoprep stoprep ossrvg 192.168.8.22

vradmin -g diskgroup syncrvg local_rvgname sec_hostname....

Compares the data based on the volumes, and then synchronizes the different data to the standby node based on the RVGs.

vradmin -g ossdg syncrvg syncrvg ossrvg 192.168.8.22

vradmin -g diskgroup syncvol local_vols_list remote_hostname....

Compares the data based on the volumes, and then synchronizes the different data in a specified volume to the standby node.

vradmin -g ossdg syncvol syncvol exportsync,fmdb_data_lv001,fmd b_data_lv002 192.168.8.22

vradmin -g diskgroup verify syncrvg local_rvgname sec_hostname…

Checks the data differences between the synchronization volumes of the active and standby nodes, and then generates a report.

vradmin -g ossdg -verify -verify syncrvg ossrvg 192.168.8.22

vradmin -g diskgroup addvol local_rvgname volume_name

Adds a specified volume to an RVG.

vradmin -g ossdg addvol addvol ossrvg oss_v1

vradmin -g diskgroup delvol local_rvgname volume_name

Deletes a specified volume from an RVG.

vradmin -g ossdg delvol delvol ossrvg oss_v1


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Command

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Meaning

Example

vradmin -g diskgroup migrate local_rvgname newprimary_name

Switches the replication relation between the active and standby nodes. After the switchover, the original active node becomes the new standby standby node and the original standby node becomes the new active node. In addition, the data synchronization direction changes.

vradmin -g ossdg migrate migrate ossrvg 192.168.8.22

vradmin -g diskgroup takeover local_rvgname

Takes over the Primary role of the original active node and enables the fast failback function.

vradmin -g ossdg takeover takeover ossrvg

vradmin -g diskgroup autofb takeover local_rvgname

Takes over the primary role of the original active node, enables the fast failback function, and automatically synchronizes data to the original active node after the original active node is available.

vradmin -g ossdg -autofb -autofb takeover ossrvg

vradmin -g diskgroup -N takeover local_rvgname

Switches the standby node to the active node for data replication, while the fast failback function is not enabled.

vradmin -g ossdg -N -N takeover ossrvg

vradmin -g diskgroup fbsync local_rvgname

Switches the original active node to the standby node and uses the fast failback function to synchronize data from the new active node.

vradmin -g ossdg fbsync fbsync ossrvg

vradmin -g diskgroup wait fbsync local_rvgname

Switches the original active node to the standby node and uses the fast failback function to synchronize data from the new active node. The system returns to the command line interface for the next command after the synchronization is complete.

vradmin -g ossdg -wait -wait fbsync ossrvg


5-3


Command Reference

Command

Meaning

Example

vradmin -g diskgroup makesec local_rvgname newprimary_name

Switches the original active node to the standby node when the fast failback function is not enabled.

vradmin -g ossdg makesec makesec ossrvg 192.168.8.22

vradmin -g diskgroup delsec local_rvgname sec_hostname

Deletes the standby node from an RVG.

vradmin -g ossdg delsec delsec ossrvg 192.168.8.22

vradmin -g diskgroup delpri rvg_name

Deletes the active node from an RVG before the application runs.

vradmin -g ossdg delpri delpri ossrvg

vradmin -g diskgroup -f Deletes the active node delpri rvg_name forcibly from an RVG after the application runs.

5-4

vradmin -g ossdg -f -f delpri ossrvg

vxrvg -g diskgroup -l getdatavols rvg_name

Displays the information about all the volumes assigned to a specified RVG.

vxrvg -g ossdg -l -l getdatavols ossrvg

vxrvg -g diskgroup getrlinks rvg_name

Displays the information about all the links assigned to a specified RVG.

vxrvg -g ossdg getrlinks getrlinks ossrvg

vxrvg -g diskgroup start rvg_name

Starts the I/O access to the volumes in a specified RVG.

vxrvg -g ossdg start start ossrvg

vxrvg -g diskgroup stop rvg_name

Stops the I/O access to the volumes in a specified RVG.

vxrvg -g ossdg stop stop ossrvg

vxrvg -g diskgroup recover rvg_name

Resumes the operation of an RVG after the nodes are restarted.

vxrvg -g ossdg recover recover ossrvg

vxrvg -g diskgroup checkend rvg_name

checkend ossrvg Sets the current position of vxrvg -g ossdg checkend the SRL to the check end point on the active node.

vxrvg -g diskgroup cplist rvg_name

Displays all the check points existing in a specified RVG.

vxrvg -g ossdg cplist cplist ossrvg

vxrvg -g diskgroup stats rvg_name

Displays the statistics of the application of a specified RVG. This command can be executed only on the active node.

vxrvg -g ossdg stats stats ossrvg


Issue 02 (2009-10-31)

Command Reference

Issue 02 (2009-10-31)


Command

Meaning

Example

vxrlink -g diskgroup assoc rvg_name rlink_name

Assigns a replication link to an RVG.

vxrlink -g ossdg assoc ossrvg to_secondary

vxrlink -g diskgroup dis rlink_name

Deletes a replication link from an RVG.

vxrlink -g ossdg dis to_secondary

vxrlink -g diskgroup -a att rlink_name

Uses the auto attach mode to set a replication link to the connected state.

vxrlink -g ossdg -a att to_secondary

vxrlink -g diskgroup -f att rlink_name

Uses the force attach method to set a replication link to the connected state.

vxrlink -g ossdg -f att to_secondary

vxrlink -g diskgroup det rlink_name

Sets a replication link to the disconnected state.

vxrlink -g ossdg det to_secondary

vxrlink -g diskgroup pause rlink_name

Pauses the synchronization of data to the standby node through a specified replication link.

vxrlink -g ossdg pause to_secondary

vxrlink -g diskgroup resume rlink_name

Resumes the synchronization of data to the standby node through a specified replication link.

vxrlink -g ossdg resume to_secondary

vxrlink -g diskgroup recover rlink_name

Recovers a replication link vxrlink -g ossdg recover to_secondary after the nodes are restarted.

vxrlink -g diskgroup verify rlink_name

Displays the configuration status of a specified link.

vxrlink -g ossdg verify to_secondary

vxrlink -g diskgroup -e stats rlink_name

Displays the usage status of a specified link.

vxrlink -g ossdg -e stats to_secondary

vxrlink -g diskgroup status rlink_name

Displays the SRL space occupied by a specified link, and the remaining data of the standby node that needs to be synchronized.

vxrlink -g ossdg status to_secondary

vxprint -V

Displays all the RVGs.

vxprint -V

vxprint -P

Displays all the RLINKGS.

vxprint -P


5-5

M2000 Command Reference(V200_02)

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