Lok Adalat

DR. RAM MANOHAR LOHIYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW

A project report on LOK ADALAT (Compete! "# t$e p"rt%" &'&%ment ) *.A., LL.*. + n! )e"r #t'!ent

Submitted to: -

Submitted by:-

A.P. Singh Sir

Parvez Alam

Khan(37) Faculty of Jurispruence

Suhir !ha"a

(#$)

%arun &athi (7') .A. **.. (+ons.) i

$th semester

TABLE OF CONTENTS

,A*- F /AS-S0000000000000000000000...0ii *1S, F A&1-%1A,12S000000000000000000......iii 12,&!/,1200000000000000000000000....4 4.4 !efinition of *o" *o" Aalat000000000000000000.04 4.5 Pro6lems face 6y /ourts000000000000000000....4 4.3 &esearch ethoology0000000000000000000....5 4.$ &esearch Plan00000000000000000000000...5 a. Aims Aims an 68ectiv 68ectives00 es00000 000000 000000 000000 000000 00000. 00..05 .05 6. Scope an *imitations000000000000000000...0.5 5. ,he +istory of Aalats0000000000000000000000.3 5.4 ofussil !i9ani Aalat0000000000000000000....3 5.5 Small /ause Aalat00000000000000000000..0.3 5.3 ofussil Fozari Aalat0000000000000000.00..0$ 5.$ Saar Aalat000000000000000000000.00.....$ 3. ,he irth irth of Aalats00000000000000000000.0.0..: 3.4 *egal Services Authorities Act000000000000000.00: $. &ole of Alternative !ispute &esolution000000000000.000.; :. A Step For9ar< Scope of Aalats 9iene0000000000.000..= 9iene0000000000.000..= :.4 Amenment ill00000000000000000000..00...= #. *o" Aalats< Aalats< rea"ing rea"ing &ecors0000 &ecors0000000000 000000000000 000000..4' ..4' 7. /ases ecie 6y Aalats00000000000000000000...44< 45 ;. /2/*S12S 000000000.00000000000000..43 1*1>&AP+?000000000000000000000000....iv

ii

TABLE OF CASES

4. A6ul A6ul +asan an 2ationa 2ationall *egal Services Services Authority Authority v. v. !elhi !elhi %iyut %iyut oar000000000000000000000000000.# 5. Joti Joti Sha Sharm rmaa v. &a8in &a8ine err Kumar00000000000000000000...........................44 3. Alapat Alapatii %ive"a %ive"anan nana a v. Karu Karurr %ysya %ysya an" an" *t000000000000000000000000000044 $. Pram Pramo o v. Jag6 Jag6ir ir Singh000000000000000000000000000.45 :. Kamal ehta v. >eneral >eneral anager anager &a8asthan &a8asthan &oa9ays &oa9ays ,ranspo ,ransport rt /orporation0.................................... /orporation0........................................................... .............................................. ....................................45 .............45 #. Asho Asho" " Kuma Kumarr >oyal >oyal v. Ani Anita ta >oyal00000000000000000000000000045 7. 2e" 2e" &am &am v. Sola Solay y &am000000000000000000000000000..45 ;. Si"a Si"an ner er Sing Singh h v. +ar8i +ar8itp tpal al Singh000000000000000000000000000.43

iii

TA*LE O- A**RIEVIATIONS

A!&

Alternative !ispute etho &esolution

A1&

All 1nia &eporters

!%

!elhi %iyut oar

2,*

ahanagar ,elephone 2igam *imite

2*SA

,he 2ational *egal Services Authority

21-1

,he 2ational 1nternet -@change of 1nia

!&

nline !ispute &esolution

Aug.

August

v.

versus

iv

1. LOK ADALATS: . De&%n%t%on o& Lo/ A!""t0

*o" Aalat means peoples court in contrast to the regular la9 courts esta6lishe 6y the government ,he formulation of *o" Aalats first too" place in the year 4=;5. 1n .

a country li"e 1nia 9here millions of people co
.+ 1roem# &"ce! ) Co'rt#0 Co'rt#0

,he follo9ing are the pro6lems face 6y courts in the present eraB (4) ,he num6er of courts an 8uges availa6le in all graes are greatly inaeCuate (5) 1ncrease in flo9 of cases in recent years ue to multifarious Acts enacte 6y the /entral an State >overnment s (3) ,he high /ost involve in prosecuting or efening a case in a court of la9 ue to heavy court fee la9yerDs fee an inciental charges an ($) !elay in isposal of cases resulting in huge penency in all the courts. 1t 9as ifficult for the /ourts to cope up 9ith the ever
*o" Aalats have sho9n their significance Accient /laim 6y settling huge num6er of ,hir Party claims. claims. *o" Aalats have 8urisiction over all matters e@cept matters relating to offences 9hich are not compouna6le. ,hese 9ere first introuce in the state of >u8arat in 1nia in arch 4=;5. 4 4

S. Aruna8atesan an S. Su6ramanian E*o" Aalat for speey 8ustice ,+- +12! +yera6a ,uesay !ecem6er 4;5''4p.3

4

.2 RESEARCH METHODOLO3Y0 METHODOLO3Y 0

,he main aspect ealt 9ith herein is the significance of *o" Aalats in the 1nian society. An attempt has 6een mae to stuy the role of Aalats in the 8uicial system prior to the 1nian inepenence. -mphasis has also 6een place on the provisions of the Act 9hich provies for *o" Aalats. For the purpose of research the scholar has use

seconary seconary

sources. sources. ,he main sources sources of information information have 6een the 6oo"s 6oo"s

from &*2* li6rary an 9ith the help of the other glo6al glo6al source of "no9lege 9hich is the 1nternet.

.4 RESEARCH 1LAN0

". Aims and an d Object Ob jectives ives::

,hrough this pro8ect the researcher aims to provie a etaile overvie9 of the role playe 6y *o" Aalats an their importance in the present scenario. ,he researcher has has scrut scrutin iniz ize e the the ment mentio ione ne  topi topicc an an give given n a 6rie 6rieff stuy stuy on the the same. same. ,he ,he researcher has mentione the important aspects governing the given topic an su6stantiating its relevance 9ith the help of cases.

. Scope and Limitations: Limitati ons:

Githin the scope of this pro8ect the researcher 9ill iscuss the topic along 9ith other important important cases on the same. ,he cases mentione mentione herein are those consiere consiere to 6e of greater greater import importanc ancee than than the other other numero numerous us cases cases 9hich 9hich are availa availa6le 6le 9ith 9ith referen reference ce to the topic. topic. ,he ,he core core area area of emphas emphasis is has 6een the efini efinitio tion n an functions of *o" Aalats. ,he historical aspects have 6een 6riefly ealt 9ith. ne part has 6een allotte to the tracing of the origin an 6irth of the Aalats. All aspect concerne 9ith the e@istence of *o" Aalats have 6een 6riefly analyse an put forth for the reaer.

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2. THE HISTORICAL PAST OF ADALATS ADALATS !DICIAL S"STE# IN 1$$2 ,he e@istence of an effective 8uicial system is not a recent phenomenon 6ut is a systematic evolution of the 8uiciary 9ith collective effort 6y a large num6er of people through generations. ,he truth is that the traitions of the past have mae the moern legal system 9hat it is an still live on in it. *et us loo" at the 8uicial system prior to the 1nian inepenence that pave 9ay for the present system of functioning.

,ill the first half of 4; th /entur /entury y the /ompan /ompany y hel hel uner uner its s9ay the three Presiency ,o9ns of /alcutta aras an om6ay leaing to the creation of a 8uicial system 6y the ,o9ns. ,he territories surrouning the ,o9ns 9ere 6rought uner its control an came to 6e "no9n as Emofussil. ner Garren +astingss plan of 4775 the 8uicial system 9as ivie as follo9s.

+. Mo&'##% D%5"n% A!""t0

,his type of court 9as esta6lishe in each istrict 9ith collector as a 8uge .1t 9as authorise to ecie all civil causes such as isputes relating to real an personal property inheritance marriage caste e6ts an contracts. 1t 9as ecie that in all suit suitss rega regar rin ing g inhe inheri rita tanc nce e marr marria iage ge caste caste an an othe otherr reli religi giou ouss usag usages es an an institutions ,he la9s of the Koran 9ith respect to ohammeans ohammeans an those of the Shastra 9ith respect to +inus 9oul 6e applie. ,o ma"e the system 9or"a6le an to ena6le the 8uges to ecie cases 6ase on 1nian la9 native la9 officers "azis an punits 9ere 9ere appo appoin inte te  to e@po e@poun un  resp respect ectiv ively ely the the usli uslim m an an the the +in +inu u la9s. la9s. ,he ,he ecisions of the Aalat in cases up to &s. :'' 9ere final.

+.+ Sm" C"'#e A!""t#0

3

1n orer to facilitate isposal of small cases provision 9as mae for isputes up to &s. 4' to 6e ecie finally 6y the hea farmer of the pergunnah 9here the ispute arose. People having petty cases 9ere save of much time an e@pense ue to this metho of case isposal.

+.2 Mo&'##% -o6!"r% A!""t0

,his court 9as esta6lishe in each istrict to settle all types of criminal cases. ,he Aalat consiste of the uslim la9 officers "azi mufti an moulvis. ,he collector ha supervision over these courts. 1t coul not etermine cases etermine cases involving sentences of eath or forfeiture of property of the accuseH proceeings of such cases ha to 6e su6mitte to the Saar 2izamat Aalat for final orers.

+.4 S"!"r A!""t A!" "t B

,he Saar !i9ani Aalats an the Saar 2izamat Aalat 9ere esta6lishe a6ove the ofussil Aalats. ,he Saar !i9ani Aalat consiste of the >overnor an mem6ers of the /ouncil an 9as to hear appeals from the ofussil !i9ani Aalats in cases of over &s.:''.

1n the early stages these courts playe an important role in setting up a founation for a 8uicial system. ut ho9ever they 9ere not a6le to meet the stanars reCuire for the society an ha certain eficiencies. As a result there 9as eterioration of the system.5

5

.P. Jain Eutlines of 1nian *egal +istory :th e. 5''3 4st rep. 5''3pp.::<#5.

$

2. THE *IRTH O- LOK ADALATS Parliament enacte the *egal Services Authorities Act 4=;7 an one of the aims for the the enac enactm tmen entt of this this Act Act 9as 9as to orga organi nize ze *o" *o" Aal Aalat at in ore orerr to secu secure re the the promotion of 8ustice on the 6asis of eCual opportunity. ,he Act gives statutory recognition to the resolution of isputes 6y compromise an settlement 6y the *o" Aalats. ,he concept has 6een gathere from the system of Panchayats 9hich has its roots in the history an culture of 1nia. 1t has a native flavour "no9n to the people. ,he provisions provisions of the Act 6ase on inigenous inigenous concept are meant to supplement supplement the /ourt system. ,hey 9ill go a long 9ay in resolving the isputes at almost no cost to the litigants an 9ith minimum elay. At the same time the Act is not meant to replace an supplants the /ourt system. ,he Act is a legislative attempt to econgest the /ourts from heavy 6uren of cases. ,here is a nee for ecentralization of 8ustice.

,his form of ispute resolution 9as mae availa6le for settlement of otor ,hir Party claims uner the initiative of former /hief Justice of 1nia Shri P.2.hag9ati since then num6ers of *o" Aalats have 6een organize throughout the /ountry through to the satisfaction of the claimants. 3

2. Le7" Ser8%ce# A't$or%t%e# Act B

Accoring to *egal Services Authorities (Amenment) Act 4==$ effective from '=< 44<4==: has since 6een passe *o" Aalat settlement is no longer a voluntary concept. y this Act *o" Aalat has got statutory character an has 6een legally recognize. /ertain salient features of the Act are enumerate 6elo9B Section 4=B 3

Kumar &avish Significance of *o" Aalat

httpBII999.legalserviceinia.comIarticlesIarticle4e.htm(Aug. # 5''7)

:

4. /entral State !istrict an ,alu"a legal Services Authority has 6een create 9ho are responsi6le for organizing *o" Aalats at such intervals an place. 5. /onciliators for *o" Aalat comprise the follo9ingB < a) A sitting or retire 8uicial officer. 6) ther persons of repute as may 6e prescri6e 6y the State >overnment. >overnment.

Sect%on +90 &eference of /ases

/ases can 6e referre for consieration of *o" Aalat as unerB 4. y consent of 6oth the parties to the isputes. 5. ne of the parties ma"es an application for reference. 3. Ghere the /ourt is satisfie that the matter is an appropriate one to 6e ta"en cognisance of 6y the *o" Aalat. $. /ompromise settlements shall 6e guie 6y the principles of 8ustice eCuity fairplay an other legal principles. :. Ghere no compromise has 6een arrive at through conciliation the matter shall 6e returne to the concerne court for isposal in accorance 9ith *a9.

Sect%on +B

after the agreement is arrive 6y the consent of the partiesH the conciliators pass a9ar. ,he matter nee not 6e referre to the concerne /ourt for consent ecree. ,he Act provisions envisages as unerB 4 every a9ar of *o" Aalat shall 6e eeme as ecree of /ivil /ourt. 5 -very a9ar mae 6y the *o" Aalat shall 6e final an 6ining on all the parties to the ispute. 3 2o appeal shall lie from the a9ar of the *o" Aalat.

Sect%o Sec t%on n ++ B

-very proceeings of the *o" Aalat shall 6e eeme to 6e 8uicial proceeings for the purpose of 4 Summoning of Gitnesses. 5 !iscovery of ocuments.

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3 &eception of eviences. $ &eCuisitioning of Pu6lic recor. $ 1t is emphasize that the legal system shoul 6e a6le to eliver 8ustice e@peitiously on the 6asis of eCual opportunity an provie free legal ai to secure that opportunities for securing 8ustice are not enie to any citizens 6y reasons of economic or other isa6ilities.

+onoura6le !elhi +igh /ourt has given a lanmar" ecision highlighting the significance of *o" Aalat movement. 1t has far reaching ramifications.

Abdu% H&'&( &(d N&tio(&% Le)&% Se*+i,e' Auto*ity +. De%i idyut Bo&*d / is a

case in Cuestion. ,he facts of the case are that the petitioner file a 9rit petition 6efore !elhi +igh /ourt for restoration of electricity at his premises 9hich 9as isconnecte 6y the !elhi %iyut oar (!%) on account of non
steer the conscie conscience nce of all all as there there is an increasing increasing nee nee to ma"e ma"e *o"

Aalat movement a permanent feature.

$

httpBIIla9min.nic.inIlaIsu6orInalsa.htm (Aug.7 5''7)

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A1& 4=== !el. ;;

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4. ROLE O- ALTERNATIVE DIS1UTE RESOLUTION LOK ADALATS IN INDIA0 1n a vast country li"e 1nia isputes an conflicts issipate valua6le time effort an an mone money y of the the soci societ ety y. ,o esta esta6l 6lis ish h a 9elf 9elfar aree soci societ ety y it is of utmo utmost st importance importance that that there shoul shoul not not 6e any conflict conflict.. 1t is therefore therefore imperative imperative that any conflict 9hich raises its hea is nippe in the 6u. ,here is a lacuna 6et9een the filing of cases an their isposal. An till the time the final ecision comes there is a state of uncertainty. -very6oy 9oul agree that peace is the sine

Cua

non

for

evelopment.

,o get out of this maze of litigation alternative methos of ispute resolution is consiere the 6est. 1nia has a long traition an history of such methos 6eing practice in the society at grass roots level. ,hese are calle Panchayats an in the legal terminology these are calle ar6itration. ,hese are 9iely use in 1nia for resolution of isputes  6oth commercial an non
,he /onstitution of 1nia guarantees L&ight to /onstitutional &emeies as a funamental funamental right. ,he government government provies free legal ai to the neey. neey. Gith a population of more than a 6illion it is impossi6le to provie

free trial to the

society society.. ,he 2ation 2ational al *egal *egal Servic Services es Author Authority ity (2A*SA (2A*SA)) is trying trying to sprea sprea Llegal literacy. -fforts are also 6eing one at provincial level. +o9 can these 6e replicate in other parts of 1nia an similar moels evelope an aopte in Asia

;

conflicts an 6ring more peace in society  not only in omestically 6ut also internationally. #

:. A STE1 -ORWARD ; SCO1E O- LOK ADALATS WIDENED0 ,he nion /a6inet in the the year year 5''4 too" a step for9ar an ecie to e@pan the scope of the *o" Aalat system to provie for compulsory pre
A 6ill has 6een introuce introuce in the Parliament Parliament to 6ring a6out the far
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K.Anurag Agar9al Agar9al  E&ole of Alternative !ispute &esolution ethos in !evelopment of SocietyB M*o" Aalat  in 1nia httpBIIieas.repec.orgIpIiimIiima9pIhtm httpBIIieas.repec.orgIpIiimIiima9pIhtm (Aug. 4' 5''7)

7

httpBII999.hinuonnet.comIthehinuI5''5I'4I'=IstoriesI5''5'4'='4$;43''.htm httpBII999.hinuonnet.comIthehinuI5''5I'4I'=Istor iesI5''5'4'='4$;43''.htm Aug. ; 5''7.

=

<. LOK ADALATS ; *REAKIN3 RECORDS0 *o" Aalats Aalats prove prove their importan importance ce 9hen

a total of of 3:7: 3:7: cases inclu incluing ing civil civil

an criminal cases 9ere ispose of in a ay at the *o" Aalat in !eva"ottai in ,amil 2au. 2au. ost of the the cases that came up for hearing 9ere ispose of. Supreme /ourt Juge A.&. *a"shmanan 9ho ha inaugurate the *o" Aalat sai 8uges 9ere trying their 6est to ispose of the cases as early as possi6le 6ut more an more cases 9ere coming up. ,his sho9e that the people ha eep faith in the functioning of courts he sai. ,he 55#3 *o" Aalats hel in +aryana so far ha 6een a6le to ispose ispose of as many as :3=;5# :3=;5# pening pening cases proviing proviing compensation compensation of a6out &s 4=: crore to affecte victims of the over 57''' roa accient cases. ,he >u8arat State *egal Services Authority is in the forefront in the 9hole of 1nia on roa map of legal services an *o" Aalat an through this inigenous an hy6ri mechanism an metho only in the last three years more than 44$4='= cases out of 45:' 45:'54$ 54$ cases ealt ealt 9ith 9ith of iffere ifferent nt types types have have 6een 6een amica6 amica6ly ly settle settle to the satisfaction of parties only in >u8arat.; ,his is a clear proof of the capacity of the present ay *o" Aalats an also that they are no9 6ecoming an inispensa6le part of the legal system.

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httpBII"elsa.gov.inIlo"aalat.htmNAO5'roun httpBII"elsa.gov.inIlo"aalat.htmNAO5'r oun Aug. ; 5''7.

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7. CASES DECIDED *Y LOK ADALATS0 %arious types of isputes are settle 6y *o" Aalats.,hese inclue motor vehicle accient cases 9here the in8ure or the epenents of the person ie in the accient have applie for compensation lan acCuisition cases 9here the applications have 6een mae to government claiming compensation cases for or against local 6oies such such as ,o9n ,o9n uni unici cipa palit lity y Panc Pancha hay yats ats -lect -lectric ricity ity oar oar an an the the li"e li"e cases cases involv involving ing commerc commercial ial 6an"s 6an"s matrimo matrimonia niall or mainte maintenan nance ce cases cases crimina criminall cases cases 9hich are compouna6le as per la9 an also cases pening in the lo9er court .=

,he *o" Aalat eals 9ith many matrimonial cases as state a6ove. 1n the case of =ot% S$"rm" v. R"j%n!er K'm"r9, ,he marriage 6et9een the petitioner an first

responent 9ere solemnize in 4==: an t9o chilren 9ere 6orn to them in Fe6ruary 5'''. An application 9as file 6y the responent for issolution of marriage uner Section 43 of +inu arriages Act 9hich 9as conteste 6y parties till 54st January 5''$ 9hen they file a 8oint application uner Section 4: of the Act for ivorce 6y mutual consent. ,he trial 8uge referre the matter to the *o" Aalat. ,he *o" Aalat a9ar a9are e a ivo ivorce rce ecr ecree ee 9hil 9hilee allo9 allo9in ing g cust custo oy y of chil chilr ren en to remain remain 9ith 9ith responent
A"p"t% V%8e/"n" V%8e/"n"n!" n!" v. K"r'r V)#)" *"n/ Lt!.  the petitioners 1n the case of A"p"t% petitioners

ha o6taine o6taine a loan from the Karur %ysya %ysya an" *imite *imite 9ho 9ere the responents. responents. At the pre
httpBII999.hslsa.nic.inIpro8ect.htm Aug.75''7

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A1& 5''7 JK 3:

44

44

1n the case of 1r"mo! v. ="7%r S%n7$+ the Cuestion 9as of o68ection against against the orerIre9ar of the *o" Aalat constitute uner the *egal Services Authorities act 4=;7.1t 9as as to 9hether an o68ection petition against the orer of *o" Aalat is entertaina6le 6y this /ourt 6y invo"ing the po9er uner Section 4:4 of the /oe of /ivil /ivil Proce Proceure ure.. ,he *o" Aalats Aalats are constit constitute ute  in pursua pursuant nt to the provis provision ionss containe uner the *egal Services Authorities Act 4=;7 (hereinafter referre to as the act). ,he /onstitu /onstitutio tion n Scope Scope an Jurisic Jurisictio tion n of the *o" Aalat Aalat has 6een prescri6e uner Sections 4= 5' 54 an 55 of the Act. 1t 9as hel that every +igh /ourt shall have the po9er of superintenence over the *o" Aalat an therefore the +igh court may entertain appropriate petition uner Article 557 of the /onstitution of 1nia against the a9ar 9hich has 6een mae 6y the *o" Aalat allegely not tainte 9ith D/ompromise or SettlementD.

1n another case namely K"m" Me$t" v. 3ener" M"n"7er, R"j"#t$"n Ro"!5")# /orporation file o68ections o68ections that the a9ar of the *o" Tr"n#port Corpor"t%on, the /orporation Aalat 6e set asie an the matter 6e returne to the +igh /ourt for a8uication. ,he !ivision ench of this /ourt 9hile consiering the provisions of the Act an the o68ec o68ecti tion onss file file again against st the the a9ar a9ar  mae mae 6y the the *o" *o" Aal Aalat at has has come come to the the conclusion that the proceure for entertaining o68ections against the a9ar of the *o" Aalat is un"no9n to the proceeings envisage uner the Act. 1t has also 6een hel that such an a9ar if it oes not spell out a compromise as settlement 9oul clearly violate the principle of the finality of an a9ar of a *o" Aalat as envisage uner Section 54 of the Act. As a result it cannot 6e treate li"e a ecree it 9oul amount to transgression of the po9ers of the /ourt.

1n the case case of A#$o/ K'm"r 3o)" v. An%t" 3o)"2 the petition 9as file in the Aalat 6ut since a compromise coul not 6e reache at 6et9een the t9o parties the matter 9as sent 6ac" to the +igh /ourt for its ecision on merits. 1n the case of Ne/ R"m v. So") R"m4, a revision petition 9as irecte against the ecree passe 6y

the *o" Aalat. y means of this ecree suit of the plaintiff ha 6een ecree 45

(5''3) 433 P*& 3#: 1 (5''4) !/ ::3 4$ A2IJKI'':3I5''4 A2IJKI'':3I5''4 43

45

against the petitioner for permanent prohi6hitory in8unction restraining them from interfering 9ith the plaintiffs possession of lan. ,he revision 9as allo9e an the ecree of the *o" Aalat 9as "ept asie.

Anothe Anotherr case 9hich 9hich 9as ecie ecie 6y a *o" Aalat Aalat 9as that that of S%/"n!er S%/"n!er S%n7$ S%n7$ v. specific performance performance ha 6een file file an in the *o" *o" H"rj%t 1" S%n7$4: the suit for specific Aalat Aalat money ecree for a sum of &s. 4'''''I< 4'''''I< 9as passe an accoring accoring to the terms agree the ecretal amount 9as to 6e pai in instalments. 1t 9as agree that the amount shoul 6ecome recovera6le 6y the sale of house in Cuestion. +o9ever that ecree remaine unsatisfie an then e@ecution proceeings starte. ,here again the matter remaine pening for compromise an then ultimately sale 9as effecte. ,he revision petition as such 6eing 9ithout any merit is ismisse.

1t can 6e very 9ell seen that *o" Aalats in various states eal 9ith a 9ie variety of cases

4:

( 5'':)43=P*&:=4

43

CONCLUSION

,he main point that nees attention is that the concept of *o" Aalat is no more ta"en to 6e trial an error 6ase concept in 1nia 6ut it has 6ecome an effective efficient an alternative moe of ispute resolution an is 9iely accepte as a via6le economic an timesaving form of resolution of isputes. 1t is a concoction concoction of meiation negotiation ar6itration an participation. utual consent is one principle that helps in faster an efficient settlement of isputes 6y the *o" Aalat. 1t is a sought after Alternative !ispute &esolution etho QA!&R in the current scenario 9ith the avent of technology leaing to creation of multinationals 9here A!& plays a "ey role for e@ample in case of mergers. 1ts aim is to create a9areness amongst the litigants to the effect that their 9elfare an interest lies in arriving at a consensus an

settling

the

matter

peacefully.4#

,he 1nian 8uicial system is facing fla" for its elays in case isposal. usinesses suffer 6ecause isputes are not resolve in a reasona6le time. -ven 9ith the use of methos of alternative ispute resolution a high num6er of isputes en up in a court. 1n a country 9ith vast population every litigant cannot affor to travel an contest in a court of la9. nline !ispute &esolution (!&) has emerge as a ne9 metho 9hich may 6e 6eneficial in a geographically large country. !& is the 6est availa6le metho metho for resolving such such 6usiness isputes. isputes. ,he 2ational 2ational 1nternet 1nternet -@change -@change of 1nia (211) has successfully use !& an the 8uiciary has also sho9n a shift to9ars use of ne9 technology for ispute resolution.

"Justice shall never be rationed”

an so goes the saying. ,he efforts have 6een to

avance strengthen an provie for TeCual access to 8usticeT 9hich is the heart of the 1nian /onstitution a reality.

EAction ,a"en &eport httpBIIarpg.nic.inIarpg<

4#

9e6siteIA6outsIParliamentaryStaning/ommitteeI'5< &eportn!emansFor>rants.asp Aug. #5''7 4$

*I*LIO3RA1HY

*OOKS0

•

.P.Jain Eutlines of 1nian *egal +istory : th

e. 5''3Gah 5''3Gah9a 9a an

/ompany 2agpur.

INTERNET AND OTHERS0

•

K.Anur K.Anurag ag Agar9al Agar9alE& E&ole ole of Altern Alternati ative ve !ispute !ispute &esolu &esolutio tion n etho ethoss in !evelopment of SocietyB *o" Aalat in 1nia

•

httpBIIpi6.nic.inIarchieveIlrelengIlyr5''5Irmay5''5I'=':5''5Ir'=':5''5:.ht ml.

•

Justice Jitenra 2. hatt httpBII"elsa.gov.inIlo"aalat.htm. hatt httpBII"elsa.gov.inIlo"aalat.htm.

•

,he +inu

•

httpBII999.hinuonnet.comIthehinuI5''5I'4I'=IstoriesI5''5' httpBII999.hinuonnet.com IthehinuI5''5I'4I'=IstoriesI5''5'4'='4$;43''. 4'='4$;43''. htm.. htm

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httpBII999.hinu.comIthehinuIopI5''4I45I4;IstoriesI5''44 httpBII999.hinu.comIthehin uIopI5''4I45I4;IstoriesI5''4454;'''#'4'' 54;'''#'4''.htm .htm .

•

Kumar &avish ESignificance of *o" Aalat

•

httpBII999.legalserviceinia.comIarticlesIarticle4e.htm.

iv

Lok Adalat

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