C. IVLII CAESARIS
Commentarii De Bello Gallico Ex Libris I, IV, V Discipvlis Legenda Edidit Hans H. Ørberg
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY
ABBREVIATIONS ablative accusative adjective adverb comparative conjunctive dative feminine future genitive gerund indeclinable infinitive masculine neuter passive perfect plural preposition singular subjunctive superlative
abl acc adj adv comp conj dat f fut gen ger indecl inf m n pass perf pl prp sg subj sup
Missing words can be found in Latin-English Vocabulary I , the vocabulary for Lingva Latina per se Illvstrata, Pars I: Familia Romana. Document typeset with LATEX based on the PDF document available at http://focusbookstore. com/LLdownloads.aspx, with minor changes.
A ab/ā (mīlibus passuum…) ab-dere -didisse -ditum ab-esse : nōn multum abest quīn +subj abies -etis f
ab-sistere abs-tinēre ac see atque ac-cēdere accēdit (quod/ut) accersere -īvisse -ītum āctuārius -a -um (nāvis)
ad (: ferē) ad-aequāre ad-dūcere in cōnsuētūdinem a. adductus +abl
ad-eō ad-haerēre -sisse -sum ad-hibēre ad-hortārī ad-igere -ēgisse -āctum ad-ipīscī -eptum aditus -ūs m adiūtor -ōris m ad-ministrāre ad-mittere equō admissō
ad-modum adv ad-monēre ad-orīrī adventus -ūs m adversus -a -um: adversā nocte in adversum ōs ad-vertere : animum a. ad-volāre aedificium -ī n aegrē adv , sup aegerrimē
aliēnus -a -um ali-quam-diū adv ali-quī = aliquis alius aliā ex nāvī
at a distance of hide little is wanting (but) that
altitūdō -inis f ambō -ae -ō ammentum -ī n amplitūdō -inis f amplius adv amplus -a -um anceps -cipitis adj ancora -ae f angulus -ī m angustiae -ārum f pl
fir stop, refrain abstain (from) be added moreover… fetch fast-moving (with sails and oars) about, approximately come up to, equal bring, lead accustom prompted, impelled so (very), to such an extent cling, stick bring in, summon encourage, urge on drive, hurl obtain, win access, coming helper, supporter perform, organize admit, allow, give rein at a gallop very much, greatly, quite, no less than advise, urge attack, assault approach, arrival in the face of night
aequāre aequus -a -um aes aeris n aestus -ūs m af-flīctāre af-flīgere -xisse -ctum af-fore fut inf = af-futūrum
straight in the face notice rush building, farmhouse hardly, with difficulty make equal (locus) level, even; fair, just copper, bronze tide, current shatter strike, shatter ‘would be present’
esse < ad- esse Āfricus -ī m ager agrī m agere (cum, inter sē) agger -is m ag-gredī -ior -gressum ag-gregāre , sē alacer -cris -cre alacritās -ātis f alere -uisse altum
south-west wind territory, country talk, discuss earthwork, ramp attack join, follow eager, keen eagerness, zeal feed, nourish, support
angustius adv comp animus: in a.ō est +dat a.um advertere a.ī causā annōtinus -a -um ānser -eris m
ante adv ante-cēdere ante-currere antecursōrēs -um m pl ante-ferre ante-pōnere apertus -a -um ap-pellere -pulisse -pulsum aptus -a -um (ad) aqua -ae f aquārī aquātiō -ōnis f aquili-fer -ferī m arbiter -trī m ārdēre -sisse argilla -ae f āridus -a -um armāmenta -ōrum n pl armāre armātī -ōrum m pl ar-ripere -iō -uisse -reptum ascēnsus -ūs m a-scīscere -īvisse -ītum asper -era -erum as-suē-facere atque/ac: (pār) a. (aliter) a. contrā a. at-texere -uisse -xtum at-tingere -tigisse -tāctum at-tribuere -uisse -ūtum auctor -ōris m a. esse
auctōritās -ātis f audācter adv
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unfavorable for some time someone one from one ship and one from another height, depth both thong size, extent more large, great undecided anchor angle, corner narrowness, pass, narrow passage closer together; more scantily have in mind, intend notice for pleasure of last year goose previously, beforehand, above go before, precede run before vanguard prefer place before/above uncovered, exposed drive to; pass (of ships) put in, sail (to) fitted (for) water, water-clock (to measure time) fetch water fetching of water standard-bearer assessor, umpire burn, be inflamed clay dry; n dry land rigging equip, rig armed men seize, grab ascent, way of ascending admit hard, severe accustom as than contrary to weave on adjoin, reach assign one who advocates, supporter, adviser propose authority, prestige boldly
audītiō -ōnis f aurīga -ae m auxiliārī auxilium: dat auxiliō
hearsay, report charioteer give help to the assistance (of)
adv citō, sup citissimē cīvitās -ātis f clādēs -is f clam adv
fast, quickly state, citizens (of a state) disaster, defeat secretly shout clāmitāre clārus -a -um famous; (vōx) loud cliēns -entis m client coāctū + gen under compulsion co-emere buy bring together, assemble, collect cōgere coēgisse coāctum cognitus -a -um known exhort, encourage co-hortārī col-laudāre praise, commend col-ligāre tie up, fix together col-ligere -lēgisse -lēctum collect sē colligere recover put, place, station, set up col-locāre comb-ūrere -ussisse -ustum burn come and go, travel com-meāre commeātus -ūs m supplies, provisions; passage, convoy com-mendāre entrust, commit commentārius -ī m record at close quarters comminus adv com-mittere commit, do proelium c. join battle +dat entrust commodum -ī n advantage, convenience; commodō + gen without inconveniencing commodus -a -um convenient, advantageous readily, easily adv -ē com-movēre trouble, frighten communicate, discuss, consult commūnicāre (cum) com-mūnīre fortify com-mūtāre change commūtātiō -ōnis f change com-parāre prepare, provide com-pellere -pulisse -pulsum drive (together) comperīre -erisse -ertum find out, learn, be told com-portāre carry, bring (together) com-prehendere catch hold of, seize, arrest ignem c. catch fire effort, attempt cōnātus -ūs m con-cēdere give in, yield, concede, allow fall down con-cidere -disse con-cīdere -disse -sum cut down, kill concilium -ī n assembly, public meeting con-citāre incite, stir up con-clāmāre shout, cry out hurry together con-currere concursāre run to and fro gathering, concourse, running con-cursus -ūs m about; (nāvium) collision con-dere -didisse -ditum found ab urbe conditā from the founding of the city condiciō -ōnis f condition, terms, (legal) position con-dūcere hire worn out, exhausted cōn-fectus -a -um +abl
(venīre/mittere)
ā-vertere
turn away, divert with the back turned grandfather
āversus
avus -ī m
B balteus -ī m bellāre bellicōsus -a -um benevolēns -entis adj benevolentia -ae f bīduum -ī n biennium -ī n bi-pertītō adv bonitās -ātis f breviārium -ī n brevitās -ātis f brūma -ae f C cadere cecidisse caeruleus -a -um caespes -itis m calamitās -ātis f capere (locum)
cōnsilium c.
captīvus -ī m captus -ūs m caput (fluviī) capita pl
carrus -ī m casa -ae f castellum -ī n cāsus -ūs m
cāsū
causa -ae f celeritās -ātis f cēnsus -ūs m centuria -ae f
centuriō -ōnis m certiōrem facere pass certior fierī cibāria -ōrum n pl
circu(m)-īre circu-itus -ūs m circum-cīdere circum-mittere circum-sistere -stetisse circum-spicere circum-venīre cis prp + acc citātus -a -um citerior -ius citus -a -um
baldric wage war warlike friendly goodwill two days two years in two parts good quality abstract, summary shortness winter solstice
fall (in battle), be killed blue turf disaster, defeat reach form a plan, make a decision prisoner of war capacity, notion mouth individuals waggon cottage, hut fort, stronghold chance, accident, fortune accidentally situation speed, swiftness census century (unit of up to 100 soldiers, 1/6 of a cohort) centurion (officer commanding a century) inform be informed, learn food, provisions go round circumference cut out send round gather round, surround look round (for) surround on the near side of moving quickly nearer quick
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cōn-ferre con-tulisse col-lātum sē cōnferre cōnfertus -a -um
cōnfestim adv cōn-fīdere -fīsum esse +acc +inf
cōn-fīnium -ī n cōn-fīrmāre +acc +inf
cōn-flagrāre cōnflīctāre cōn-flīgere -xisse -ctum cōnfluēns -entis m cōn-fluere con-gredī -ior -gressum con-icere -iō -iēcisse -iectum in fugam c. in vincula c. culpam c. in con-iūrātiō -ōnis f
con-quīrere cōnsanguineus -a -um cōn-scrībere cōnsectārī cōn-sentīre cōn-sequī cōn-sīdere cōnsilium -ī n cōn-similis -e cōn-sistere -stitisse cōnspectus -ūs m : in
bring together, collect
con-tendere
go, resort close, in close order at once trust, have confidence in be sure boundary establish, secure, strengthen confirm be destroyed by fire strike, harass clash confluence flow together, meet meet throw put to flight put in chains lay the blame on conspiracy, plot search out related; m relative, kinsman write; (mīlitēs) enlist, enrol pursue, hunt down be in agreement, agree follow, reach, acquire, gain, win take up a position, encamp, settle deliberation, decision, intention, judgement, discretion; council (of war) similar, like halt, stop, take one’s stand before the eyes of
contentiō -ōnis f con-testārī continēns -entis adj continēns -entis f (abl -ī) continenter adv con-tinēre con-tingere -tigisse -tāctum continuus -a -um cōntiō -ōnis f contrā atque con-trahere (nāvēs) contrōversia -ae f contumēlia -ae f convallis -is f con-venīre + acc conventus -ūs m co-orīrī cōpia -ae f cōpiae -ārum f pl cōpiōsus -a -um cōram adv cotīdiānus -a -um crātis -is f crēber -bra -brum, sup -errimus cruciātus -ūs m culpa -ae f cultūra -ae f cultus -ūs m
cursus -ūs m cūstōdia -ae f
cōnspectū +gen
perf cōn-suēvisse
cōnsuētūdō -inis f cōnsul -is m cōn-sulere -uisse -sultum +dat
cōnsultāre cōnsultō adv cōn-surgere contabulāre contemptiō -ōnis f
cūnctārī cūrāre + acc +ger
catch sight of, see cōn-spicārī cōnstāre: cōnstat +acc +inf it is apparent, it is plain cōnstīpāre , sē crowd together cōn-stituere place, locate; appoint cōn-suēr- = cōn-suēver-, -suēvērcōn-suēss- = cōn-sēvisscōn-suēscere -ēvisse
D dē (III vigiliā) dē-cēdere decem et octō dē-cernere -crēvisse -crētum dē-certāre dēclīvis -e decuria -ae f decuriō -ōnis m decus -oris n dē-decus -oris n dē-dere (sē) dēditīcius -a -um dēditiō -ōnis f dē-dūcere
become accustomed, accustom oneself be accustomed /used (to), be in the habit of; usually (do) usage, habit, practice, custom consul consult, deliberate consult the interests of, show consideration for deliberate, debate deliberately stand up, rise cover with boards, equip with floors scorn, contempt
dēfectiō -ōnis f dēfēnsor -ōris m dē-ferre dē-fessus -a -um dē-fetīgāre
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make an effort, strive, hasten, contend, fight conflict, contention call to witness uninterrupted continent continuously keep together, keep, confine, limit touch, be in contact with continuous, successive assembly, parade contrary to draw together, gather, reduce in size, contract dispute indignity, affront narrow valley meet meeting, assize arise, break out supply forces, troops rich before his own eyes daily wickerwork close together, frequent torture blame, fault cultivation standard of living, civilization linger, hesitate undertake, have (something done) running, speed, passage guard
starting with, at go away, retire eighteen decide, decree fight it out, fight to a finish sloping squad of ten cavalrymen officer commanding a decuria honor disgrace give up, surrender having surrendered surrender lead away, remove, conduct, (nāvem) launch defection, revolt defender bring, carry, report worn out exhaust, wear out
dē-ficere -iō -fēcisse -fectum dē-fīgere dē-fluere dē-fōrmis -e dē-icere -iō -iēcisse -iectum
run short, fail, revolt, defect fix, plant flow misshapen, ugly throw down, divert, (spē) disappoint in succession, in turn deliberate, consider tie, fasten choose, pick out hide, go into hiding mad, insane madness, insanity take away, remove mow go away, move go down, descend indicate, point out, explain, describe thick perish, be lost lay down, put, place, abandon sack, plunder beg relief, plead for one who pleads for someone, intercessor seize, intercept deserted resort to want, require; pass be missing cease from despair (gladium) draw
dis-pār -paris adj unequal di-spergere -sisse -sum scatter distribute, post, station dis-pōnere dis-putāre argue, debate discussion, debate, dispute disputātiō -īnis f dissēnsiō -ōnis f disagreement, dissension dis-sentīre disagree dis-simulāre conceal, dissemble dis-tribuere distribute dis-tul- < dif-ferre dītissimus -a -um sup < dīs dītis lasting, prolonged diūtinus -a -um docēre +acc + inf tell, inform, declare dolus -ī m deceit, guile, trickery domāre -uisse -itum tame, subdue domesticus -a -um domestic, internal waver, hesitate dubitāre dubitātiō -ōnis f doubt consider dūcere + acc +inf dum conj +subj until duodēnī -ae -a twelve each duplex -icis adj double duplicāre double hard, severe dūrus -a -um
ē-icere -iō -iēcisse -iectum
dīs dītis adj (= dīves), sup
harm, loss dislodge convey, transport (fixed) day, time day by day differ, be different scatter, disperse difficulty have no confidence in, distrust dignity settle, decide fight half half as big send off (in different directions); give up control of, abandon; let go rich, wealthy
dītissimus dis-cēdere ab armīs dis-cessus -ūs m disciplīna -ae f dis-icere -iō -iēcisse -iectum
give up arms departure training, discipline scatter
deinceps adv dē-līberāre dē-ligāre dē-ligere -lēgisse -lēctum dē-litēscere -tuisse dē-mēns -entis adj dēmentia -ae f dēmere -mpsisse -mptum dē-metere − -messum dē-migrāre dē-mittere, sē dē-mōnstrāre dēnsus -a -um dē-perīre dē-pōnere dē-populārī/-āre dē-precārī dēprecātor -ōris m dē-prehendere dēsertus -a -um dēscendere ad (cōnsilium) dēsīderāre +acc + inf dē-sistere -stitisse +abl dēspērātiō -ōnis f dē-stringere -strīnxisse
E eā adv ē-dūcere ef-fēmināre ef-ferre ex-tulisse ē-lātum efferrī (victōriā) ef-fugere + acc ē-gredī -ior -gressum ēgressus -ūs m
-strictum
dētrīmentum -ī n dē-turbāre dē-vehere diēs -ēī m / f in diēs
dif-ferre dif-ferre dis-tulisse dī-lātum difficultās -ātis f dif-fīdere dignitās -ātis f dī-iūdicāre dīmicāre dīmidium -ī n
d.ō minor
dī-mittere
sē ēicere
eius-modī ē-lābī -lāpsum ē-licere -iō -uisse -itum ē-mittere eō + comp eō adv eō quod eō ut
eō-dem adv ephippiātus -a -um ephippium -ī n epistola -ae f eques (Rōmānus) equester -tris -tre errāre (= fallī) ēruptiō -ōnis f essedārius -ī m essedum -ī n ē-vellere ē-venīre ēventus -ūs m
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that way lead out unman, enervate carry out be elated, exult escape from go out going out, (ē nāvibus) disembarcation, landing throw out, turn out rush out of that kind, such slip out, manage to get out entice, lure out send out, let go so much (the more/ less) for that reason because in order that to the same place, to the same purpose furnished with an ephippium saddle-cloth letter knight, member of the equestrian order cavalrybe mistaken sally, sortie fighter in a war-chariot war-chariot tear out, pull out turn out, happen outcome, event
ē-vocāre ex-agitāre exāmināre ex-animāre ex-cēdere (+ abl ) ex-cipere ex-citāre ex-clūdere -sisse -sum exemplum -ī n exercitāre exercitātiō -ōnis f exiguitās -ātis f exīstimātiō -ōnis f expedītiō -ōnis f ex-pedītus -a -um ex-pellere -pulisse -pulsum
fīnitimus -a -um (+dat )
call out, summon stir up, harass weigh kill go out, go away, leave follow after, succeed build, erect shut out, exclude, prevent precedent, model train, exercise exercise, training smallness, scantiness opinion, judgement raid, expedition ready for action, moving easily; easy drive out, expel, banish
fīrmus -a -um (adv -iter) flamma -ae f flētus -ūs m flōrēre fore fut inf < esse/fierī fortitūdō -inis f fortūnae -ārum f pl fremitus -ūs m frequēns quam freqentissimī
frūmentārī frūmentārius -a -um rēs f.a fuga -ae f fugitīvus -ī m fūmus -ī m funda -ae f fundere fūdisse fūsum: (proeliō) f. fūnis -is m fūsilis -e
(+abl )
ex-perīrī -pertum ex-piāre ex-plōrāre explōrātor -ōris m explōrātus -a -um ex-pōnere
try, attempt make amends, atone for investigate, explore scout, spy secured, certain put out, put on shore, land; expose, display carry out, take away emerge, arise project, stand out extinguish, wipe out
ex-portāre ex-sistere -stitisse ex-stāre ex-stinguere -stīnxisse ex-trahere extrēmus -a -um ad extrēmum
ex-uere -uisse -ūtum ex-ūrere -ussisse -ustum F factū supine II : optimum f. facultās -ātis f fāgus -ī f falx -cis f familiāris -is m / f familiāritās -ātis f fās n indecl femur -oris/-inis n ferrāmenta -ōrum n pl ferre: ut fert illōrum opīniō fervē-facere fervēfactus fervēns -entis adj ficta -ōrum n pl fidēs -eī f
figūra -ae f fīnēs -ium m pl fingere fīnxisse fictum ficta n pl
fīnīre
rope molten, fusible
G gallīna -ae f gaudēre gavīsum genus -eris n gerere gessisse gestum
-stīnctum
rēs gesta glāns -andis f grātia -ae f
protract, spend (time) outermost, hindmost, last finally deprive destroy by fire
grātulārī grātulātiō -ōnis f gravitās -ātis f
H habēre
the best to be done possibility, opportunity beech-tree sickle-like hook fitted on a long pole, siege-hook close friend close friendship right, proper thigh iron tools as far as their opinion goes heat red-hot, incandescent red-hot made-up stories trust, guarantee, promise, protection, credibility, allegiance form, shape land, territory make up, invent made-up stories form the boundary of
magnī h. in hostium numerō h. hīberna -ōrum n pl
hiemāre historia -ae f hōc abl +comp: hōc facilius honestus -a -um honōs -ōris m horridus -a -um hospitium -ī n hūmānitās -ātis f hūmānus -a -um humilis -e humilitās -ātis f I iaculum -ī n ictus -ūs m idcircō adv ignōbilis -e ignōscere + dat
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bordering, neighboring; m pl neighboring people strong, firm, steady flame, fire weeping bloom, flourish ‘would be, would happen’ bravery property roar, growl numerous in the greatest possible number gather corn, forage corn-, corn-producing corn-supply in fugam dare, put to flight runaway, fugitive smoke sling rout
hen be glad, rejoice stock, descent carry on, perform, do action, event, achievement acorn, acorn-shaped missile favor, popularity congratulate congratulation heaviness, weight, importance
regard value highly regard as enemies winter camp pass the winter history so much the more easily honorable esteem, honor rough, horrible tie between host and guest, hospitable relations civilization civilized humble lowness, lowliness
throwing-spear, javelin stroke, impact for that reason, therefore not well known, obscure forgive
il-lāt- < īn-ferre illō adv illūstris -e immānis -e im-mittere impedīmenta -ōrum n pl impedīmentum -ī n impedīre impedītus -a -um im-pellere -pulisse -pulsum im-pendēre impēnsus -a -um imperāre +acc (+dat ) imperātum -ī n im-perītus -a -um (+gen )
impetrāre impetus -ūs m im-portāre im-prōvīsus -a -um: dē -ō im-prūdēns -entis adj imprūdentia -ae f impulsus -ūs m inānis -e in-cendere -disse -cēnsum incendium -ī n in-citāre in-cognitus -a -um in-colere in-commodus -a -um, adv
in-opīnāns -antis adj īn-scius -a -um īn-sequī īnsidiae -ārum f pl īnsigne -is n īnsignis -e īn-sinuāre, sē īn-sistere -stitisse īn-stabilis -e īn-stāre īn-stituere -uisse -ūtum
to that place, to that end clear, lucid vast, tremendous throw, hurl baggage hindrance encumber, hinder, impede hindered from moving freely, encumbered impel overhang, tower excessive rule, hold power order, levy, requisition command, order ignorant (of) obtain (by request) impulse, onset import unexpectedly, without warning ignorant, unaware ignorance, unawareness, imprudence impulse, instigation empty set on fire fire, conflagration cause to move fast, urge on, spur on, impel unknown dwell, live inconvenient
īnstitūtum -ī n īnstruere -ūxisse -ūctum īnstrūmentum -ī n īn-suēfacere integer -gra -grum inter-cēdere inter-cipere -iō -cēpisse -ceptum
inter-clūdere -sisse -sum inter-dīcere inter-diū adv inter-esse + dat interior -ius inter-īre interitus -ūs m inter-mittere
in-crēdibilis -e in-currere incursiō -ōnis f in-dūcere -xisse -ductum indūtiae -ārum f pl in-ers -ertis adj īn-ferre in-tulisse il-lātum signa ī. bellum ī. (+dat ) īn-ficere -iō -fēcisse -fectum īn-fīnītus -a -um īnfīrmitās -ātis f
īn-fīrmus -a -um īn-flectere īnfrā adv in-gredī -ior -gressum in-icere -iō -iēcisse -iectum +dat
in-īquus -a -um in-īre cōnsilium i. in-iussū + gen
(tempore) intermissō
inter-pōnere fidem i. interpres -etis m intervāllum -ī n
incommodē
incommodum -ī n
unprepared unaware follow closely, pursue ambush, plot, treachery distinctive mark conspicuous, sensational make one’s way in stand, take one’s stand unsteady press on, attack put up, set up, institute, start on, instruct custom, institution build, equip equipment accustom fresh come in between, be interposed cut off, intercept
harm, disadvantage, misfortune, setback incredible rush in, charge inroad, raid lead, induce, prompt armistice inactive, lazy, idle cause, inflict advance to the attack make war (on) dye infinite, great weakness (of character), unreliability weak bend below, further down enter, get in throw in instil, inspire (with) uneven, unfavorable enter on, begin form a plan without orders
intro-īre introitus -ūs m intrō-rumpere intus adv in-ūsitātus -a -um in-ūtilis -e inveterāscere -rāvisse in-vicem in-vītāre invītus -a -um eō invītō
ir-rumpere ita: nōn +adj iter itineris n magnīs itineribus
iūdicāre iūdicium -ī n iugum -ī n sub i. mittere
iūmentum -ī n iūrāre -ius adv comp
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cut off, stop forbid by day take part in interior, inner; m pl peoples of the interior perish, die, be killed death interrupt, leave off, leave (unused), miss after a lapse of put between, insert, interpose pledge one’s word intermediary, interpreter interval, distance come inside, enter entrance break in inside unusual, unfamiliar useless become old, become established in their turn urge, invite unwilling, against one’s wishes against his will break in not very… route, march, day’s march by forced marches judge, decide, consider judgement, decision yoke; (montis) ridge send under the yoke (humiliating defeated army) beast of burden, draughtanimal (horse, mule…) swear too…
iūs iūrandum iūstitia -ae f
L lābī lāpsum labōrāre labōriōsus -a -um lacessere laetātiō -ōnis f lapis -idis m largītiō -ōnis f lassitūdō -inis f lassus -a -um lātē adv , comp lātius, sup lātissimē longē lātēque lātitūdō -inis f lēgātiō -ōnis f lēgātus -ī m
lēnis -e, adv comp lēnius lēnitās -ātis f lepus -oris m levāre + abl levis -e levitās -ātis f līberālis -e, adv līberāliter ligāre lignārī lignātiō -ōnis f lignātor -ōris m linter -tris m līs lītis f litterae pūblicae locus -ī m obsidum locō
longē adv longinquus -a -um longitūdō -inis f longius adv comp lōrīca -ae f lūx lūcis f
prīma lūx
M magnī habēre magnitūdō -inis f magnopere māiōrēs -um m pl
m. nātū
mandāre sē fugae m. mandātum -ī n manēre mānsisse manus -ūs f manūs dare matara -ae f māteria -ae f
mātrimōnium -ī n
oath justice
marriage in m. dūcere marry make haste, hurry mātūrāre mātūrus -a -um premature, early adv mātūrē, comp mātūrius early māximam partem adv mostly medērī +dat cure, remedy mediocris -e moderate mediterrāneus -a -um inland the middle of medius -a -um memoria -ae f memory memoriā prōdere hand down mēnsūra -ae f measurement merērī (dē) deserve well (of), behave well (towards) merīdiānus -a -um of midday benefit, service meritum -ī n metallum -ī n metal measure, measure out, apmētīrī mēnsum portion migrāre migrate, move mīlia -ium (passuum) n pl (Roman) mile missū Caesaris as Caesar’s envoy send word mittere mōbilis -e inconstant, fickle freedom of movement, mobility mōbilitās -ātis f moderārī direct, guide molere -uisse -itum grind mollis -e (lītus) gentle, open morārī stay, linger, check, delay motion, movement, commomōtus -ūs m tion, insurrection move camp, move forward movēre, castra multus -a -um: multō diē in broad daylight ad multam noctem till late in the night mūnītiō -ōnis f fortification, defense work mūrālis -e: pīlum mūrāle spear used to defend walls
lapse, fall into error be distressed, be in trouble hard, laborious challenge, provoke rejoicing stone largesse, bribery weariness weary widely far and wide breadth, width delegation delegate, envoy; staff-officer, legate slow, gentle, light slowness, gentleness hare free from, relieve of irresponsible, fickle lightness generous, noble fasten, tie collect firewood collecting of firewood one who collects firewood light boat dispute documents, records scope, opportunity; position, rank, status as hostages far; +sup by far… far-off, remote; long, prolonged length further, longer cuirass, parapet daylight dawn, daybreak
N nancīscī nactum nātiō -ōnis f nātū abl nātus -a -um nātus… locō/ genere nāvālis -e nāvigium -ī n
necessāriō adv necessārius -ī m neglegere -ēxisse -ēctum negōtium -ī n nē-quāquam adv nihil adv nōbilitās -ātis f
value highly size, force urgently, greatly ancestors elders, seniors order take to flight, fly order, commission remain armed force, troop surrender, give up Gallic throwing-spear wood, timber
nocēre: pass nocērī +dat noctū adv nocturnus -a -um nōminātim nostrī gen (< nōs) novae rēs
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get, obtain, acquire people, nation of age born of… descent/rank naval, ships’ vessel, ship of necessity kinsman, relative neglect, omit work, difficulty, trouble by no means, not at all in no way, not at all nobility, the aristocracy, the nobles come to harm by night night-, nightly, nocturnal by name, specifically of us revolution
novissimus -a -um novitās -ātis f nūdāre numerus: n.ō ad n.um obsidum n.ō nummus -ī m sg nūtus -ūs m ad nūtum
O ob-icere -iō -iēcisse -iectum obiectus +dat
ob-īre ob-lāt- < of-ferre ob-servāre obses -idis m / f ob-sidēre obsidiō -ōnis f obstrictus -a -um ob-struere -ūxisse -ūctum ob-temperāre ob-tinēre ob-tul- < of-ferre occāsiō -ōnis f occāsus -ūs m occultus -a -um occupāre occupātiō -ōnis f occupātus -a -um oc-currere of-ferre ob-tulisse ob-lātum officium -ī n : in officiō omnīnō adv onerāre onerārius -a -um: nāvis onerāria onus -eris n
opīnārī opīniō -ōnis f opportūnus -a -um, adv -ē op-primere -pressisse
P pābulārī pābulātor -ōris m pācāre
last, hindmost; pl the rear novelty, unfamiliarity lay open, expose in number, in all to make up the number as hostages coinage nod at the nod, instantly
pācātus paenitēre + acc + gen pāgus -ī m palam adv palūs -ūdis f pār paris adj parāre (pretiō) parātus -a -um +inf pars: quā ex parte trēs partēs māximam partem adv parvulus -a -um
put in front, set before situated opposite to visit, inspect observe, follow hostage besiege, blockade siege, blockade obliged bar, block comply with, obey hold, occupy
passim adv
opportunity (sōlis) sunset, west hidden, secret seize, occupy preoccupation occupied, busy, engaged encounter, come upon, run into offer, present, expose, deliver loyal altogether, only, at all load cargo vessel burden, load, cargo think, suppose opinion, expectation, reputation convenient, favorable, suitable overpower, overwhelm, crush
-pressum
oppugnātiō -ōnis f opus -eris n opus esse , pl opus sunt ōrātiō -ōnis f ōrātor -ōris m orbis -is m ōrdō -inis m prīmī ōrdinēs
ōrnātus -ūs m ostendere (verbīs) ostentāre
attack, assault work, effort, defense work (opere mūnītus) be needed speech, words speaker, envoy circle, ring rank; century (centuria) the 6 centuries of the 1st cohort, their commanders (senior centurions) embellishment declare, point out, explain display
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patēns -entis adj patēre patī +acc + inf paucitās -ātis f pecus -oris n (sg /pl ) pedester -tris -tre peditātus -ūs m pellis -is f pendere per prp + acc (licet) per mē
per-agere per-cipere -iō -cēpisse
collect fodder, forage forager pacify, subdue settled, peaceful (cause to) regret, repent district, tribe openly swamp, marsh equal acquire, buy ready to for which reason three quarters mostly small, slight all over the place, in every direction open, accessible extend, stretch allow fewness, small number livestock, cattle pedestrian, infantryinfantry skin, hide pay because of with me, on my part carry out, perform perceive, apprehend
-ceptum
per-contārī percontātiō -ōnis f per-currere per-dūcere
make inquiries, question inquiry, questioning run over, run along conduct, extend, prolong, construct the day after tomorrow perendinō diē abl per-equitāre ride around per-exiguus -a -um very small per-facilis -e very easy per-ferre convey, deliver, bring news faithlessness, treachery perfidia -ae f per-fringere -frēgisse -frāctum break through deserter, renegade perfuga -ae m per-fugere take refuge (with the enemy) perfugium -ī n place of refuge perīculum facere make an attempt, try perītus -a -um (+gen ) experienced, expert read through per-legere per-manēre -mānsisse remain, stay permit, commit, entrust per-mittere per-mulcēre -sisse -sum soothe, calm per-paucī -ae -a very few perpetuum: in p. for ever per-rumpere break through write (in full) per-scrībere per-sequī (bellō) pursue, press persist per-sevērāre
per-solvere, poenās
pay the penalty, suffer punishment per-spicere -iō -exisse -ectum inspect, discern, see persuādēre sibi persuade oneself, be convinced persuāsum mihi est I am convinced pertinācia -ae f obstinacy pertināx -ācis adj obstinate per-tinēre extend p. (ad) tend, relate, pertain (to) per-turbāre throw into confusion, discompose perturbātiō -ōnis f confusion, disturbance phalanx -ngis f phalanx pietās -ātis f devotion, sense of duty pīlus -ī m century (centuria) breastwork, parapet pinna -ae f pius -a -um devoted, dutiful level, flat plānus -a -um plēbs -bis f the common people plumbum -ī n lead p. album tin plūrimum sup most of all pay the penalty poenās persolvere pondus -eris n weight lay down pōnere (arma) spem p. in place one’s hopes in positus in dependent on pōns pontis m bridge populārī ravage, plunder plundering populātiō -ōnis f porrō moreover demand poscere poposcisse positus -a -um: p. in dependent on posse (plūrimum) have power possessiō -ōnis f possession, holding pos-sīdere -sēdisse take possession of after post… quam posteā-quam, posteā… quam after postrī-diē (eius diēī) the day after postulāre + acc +inf claim postulātum -ī n demand opportunity potestās -ātis f potestātem facere give a chance, allow take possession of, gain conpotīrī +abl trol of prae-cēdere precede, surpass praeceps -cipitis adj headlong, precipitous praeceptum -ī n instruction, order command, order prae-cipere -iō -cēpisse -ceptum throw headlong praecipitāre prae-clūdere -sisse -sum block praecō -ōnis m crier, herald praeda -ae f booty praedārī rob, plunder proclaim, declare praedicāre praefectus -ī m officer, commander (of cavalry, auxiliary troops)
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prae-ficere -iō -fēcisse
put in charge of, set over
-fectum +dat
prae-fīgere prae-mittere
attach by the end send in advance, send word ahead prae-optāre prefer prae-parāre prepare beforehand praesēns -entis n present in praesēns/praesentia for the present presence praesentia -ae f p. animī resolution especially praesertim adv praesidium -ī n guard, protection, protective force, garrison praesidiō dat in defense prae-stāre -stitisse fulfil, show, prove +dat be superior praestat it is preferable, it is better be ready, meet praestō esse +dat praeter-mittere omit, let slip praeter-quam apart from, except praetor -ōris m praetor prō praetōre ex-praetor burn at the end prae-ūrere premere pressisse pressum press, harass, attack the day before prī-diē prīmus -a -um the front part of, the beginning of prīnceps -ipis adj first, leading prīncipātus -ūs m chief position old, former prīstinus -a -um p. diēs the day before before prius quam prīvātim adv privately prō prp + abl in front of; in relation to, considering, according to; instead of, as prō praetōre ex-praetor probāre approve of, prove probārī +dat be commended by prō-currere run forward prō-dere -didisse -ditum abandon, betray memoriā p. hand down prōd-īre go/come forward lead forth; draw out prō-dūcere proeliārī engage in battle, fight profectiō -ōnis f departure prō-ficere -iō -fēcisse -fectum achieve pro-fitērī -fessum declare, offer flow forth, rise prō-fluere pro-fugere run away, fly, flee accordingly pro-inde prōmissus -a -um (capillus) long prō-nūntiāre proclaim, announce, relate prō-pellere push forward, drive forth, drive away relative propinquus -ī m propinquitās -ātis f nearness, proximity put forward, set forth, hold prō-pōnere out, offer
proptereā adv
reciperāre re-cipere, sē re-cūsāre
for that reason, therefore because fight in defense pursue view, sight successful provide for protect carry forth, convey come forth, grow up foresee, provide for provoke, challenge most recently dust clean, purge, excuse
p. quod
prō-pugnāre prō-sequī prōspectus -ūs m prosperus -a -um prō-spicere +dat prō-tegere prō-vehere prō-venīre prō-vidēre prō-vocāre proximē adv pulvis -eris m pūrgāre
recover, regain retire, (ex fugā/timōre) recover object to, reject nōn re-cūsāre quīn not hesitate to drive back red-igere -ēgisse -āctum r. in/sub imperium bring under the power (of) +adj make, render red-integrāre restore, renew reditiō -ōnis f return return reditus -ūs m re-ferre rettulisse -lātum bring back, carry back, report pedem r. go back, withdraw re-ficere -iō -fēcisse -fectum restore, repair re-fugere run away, recoil rēgnum -ī m kingship, kingdom re-gredī -ior -gressum retreat throw back, drive back, repulse re-icere -iō -iēcisse -iectum re-lēgāre banish leave, allow relinquere + dat pass relinquī be left, remain relinquēbātur ut add to this that reliquum -ī n what is left nihil reliquī nothing left future reliquus -a -um: tempus r. re-migrāre move back, return mild, moderate remissus -a -um re-mittere relax re-mollēscere become soft re-nūntiāre report (back) re-pellere reppulisse -pulsum repel, repulse ā spē repulsus disappointed in one’s hopes repentīnus -a -um sudden find out, discover reperīre re-petere request again re-portāre bring back, carry back re-poscere claim ratiōnem r. ab call to account censure reprehendere re-scindere -scidisse -scissum break down, demolish re-scīscere -īvisse/-iisse get to know, learn re-servāre reserve re-sistere -stitisse resist set up again, rebuild, restore, re-stituere -uisse -ūtum give back detain re-tinēre -uisse -tentum rettul- < re-ferre rota -ae f wheel
Q qua f (sī/nē/num qua…)
any nē qua legiō so that no legion quā adv by which road, where quae-cumque n pl whatever, anything that quaestor -ōris m quaestor (officer) quam + sup (potest) as… as possible q. māximus as large as possible q. plūrimī as many as possible q. māximē as much as possible quam prīmum as soon as possible quam-vīs + adj no matter how…, however… quantō + comp tantō +comp the more…, the more… however big quantus-vīs -a- -umquārta pars fourth part, quarter complain, protest querī questum quibus-cum with whom quic-quam = quidquam quī-cumque quae- quod-/quid-whoever, whatever quiēs -ētis f repose, rest (but) that quīn conj +subj quīn etiam indeed, in fact some quis-piam quae- quodquī-vīs quae- quodwhatever, any quō + comp + subj so that the more quō adv because quo-ad conj until, as long as so that… not quō-minus conj +subj quotiēs as often as, whenever
R rādere -sisse -sum rapiditās -ātis f rapīna -ae f rārus -a -um ratiō -ōnis f
r.em habēre +gen r.em reposcere
re-bellāre rebelliō -ōnis f recēns -entis adj receptus -ūs m recessus -ūs m
shave rapidity plunder sparse, scattered account, register, transaction, system pay regard to demand an account revolt, rebel rising, revolt fresh, recent retreat retreat
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S sagulum -ī n sānus -a -um sarcina -ae f satis habēre satis-facere + dat saucius -a -um scalae -ārum f pl scapha -ae f scindere scrīptor -ōris m
soldier’s cloak sane, sensible pack, soldier’s kit be content (with) give satisfaction, make amends, satisfy wounded ladder light boat, skiff tear apart, demolish writer, author
sēdēs -is f sēmentis -is f sēmita -ae f senātor -ōris m senātus -ūs m sentīre sēnsisse sēnsum sēparāre sēparātim adv sēparātus -a -um sepelīre -īvisse -ultum sepultūra -ae f sērō adv servāre servīre + dat ses-centēsimus -a -um siccitās -ātis f sīc-utī conj signa īnferre significātiō -ōnis f silvestris -e simul conj (= simul atque) simulāre simulātiō -ōnis f simultās -ātis f singillātim adv singulāris -e socer -erī m socius -ī m sōlitūdō -inis f sollicitāre solvere (nāvēs) spatium -ī n
speciēs -ēī f in s.em spectāre ad speculātor -ōris m speculātōrius -a -um sponte , suā
stabilis -e stabilitās -ātis f stāre stetisse statiō -ōnis f statuere -uisse -ūtum +acc
seat, homeland sowing path, track senator senate feel, realize separate separately separate bury burial late, too late watch, keep, maintain be guided by, go by 600th dryness, drought as, just as, just as if launch an attack sign, indication wooded as soon as pretend pretence animosity, quarrel one by one, singly single, one at a time, singular, unique father-in-law ally loneliness incite cast off, set sail area, space, distance, interval, time look, semblance in semblance, speciously face, lie towards scout, spy scout-, reconnaissanceof one’s own accord, by oneself, alone firm, stable stability stand post, guard, picket decide, judge, consider
+inf
stipendium -ī n strāmentum -ī n sub-dūcere
sub-ductiō -ōnis f sub-esse sub-fodere -iō -fōdisse -fossum sub-icere -iō -iēcisse -iectum (+dat ) sub-iectus -a -um
sub-īre sublāt- < tollere
tax straw draw up, (nāvēs) haul up, beach hauling up be close stab from below (in the belly) throw from below subject (to) situated below undergo, expose oneself to
sub-ministrāre sub-mittere sub-movēre sub-sequī subsidium -ī n
supply, furnish send (relief) remove, drive off follow closely reinforcements, reserves, help (venīre/mittere) s.ō dat in support, to the rescue sub-sistere stand firm sub-venīre + dat come to help, give assistance to suc-cēdere move up, come close, take the place of, follow suc-cendere -disse -cēnsum kindle success successus -ūs m suc-cīdere -disse -sum cut down suc-currere + dat run to help sudis -is f stake suī gen (< sē) themselves total, whole summa -ae f summa imperiī total power, supremacy the top of summus -a -um superāre overcome, defeat, win super-esse be left, survive superior -ius higher, upper, earlier, previous, superior be available sup-petere supplex -icis, adv -iciter suppliant thanksgiving supplicātiō -ōnis f suprā adv above sus-cipere -iō -cēpisse -ceptum take up, undertake suspicārī guess, imagine suspīciō -ōnis f suspicion endure sustentāre
T tālea -ae f tam-etsī tangere tantulus -a -um tegere tēxisse tēctum tēlum -ī n temere adv temeritās -ātis f tēmō -ōnis m temperāre temperātus -a -um tempestās -ātis f tenuis -e tergum -ī n testimōnium -ī n t.ō esse testūdō -inis f
tolerāre tollere sus-tulisse sub-lātum sublātus (+abl ) tormentum -ī n torrēre -uisse tostum
trā-dūcere trāgula -ae f trā-icere -iō -iēcisse -iectum trā-iectus -ūs m
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bar, ingot even though reach, border on so small cover spear, weapon recklessly, without reason recklessness pole refrain (loca) temperate, mild weather faint, weak terga vertere, turn tail evidence be evidence, demonstrate tortoise, shield-cover bear, endure lift, remove, take away, take on board uplifted catapult scorch bring/lead across spear cross, pierce way across
tranquillitās -ātis f trāns prp + acc trān-scendere -disse -ēnsum trāns-fīgere trāns-īre trāns-missus -ūs m trāns-mittere trāns-portāre trepidāre trepidus -a -um tribūnus -ī m : t. mīlitum trīduum -ī n tri-ennium -ī n trīnī -ae -a tri-pertītō adv triplex -icis adj triquetrus -a -um turma -ae f turris -is f (acc -im, abl -ī) U ubi conj
ubi prīmum
ulcīscī ultum ulterior -ius Gallia (prōvincia) u. ultimus -a -um
ultrō adv ululātus -ūs m ūnā adv : cum… ūnā undique adv ūnī -ae -a ūnus: ad ūnum (omnēs) ūsus -ūs m ūsus est ūsuī esse utī conj = ut ūtilis -e ūtilitās -ātis f
utrīque m pl
calm on the other side of cross pierce go over crossing cross carry across be in a panic alarmed military tribune (senior officer) three days three years three in three parts triple triangular troop (of cavalry) tower, assault/defense tower
when as soon as take revenge on, avenge more distant Transalpine Gaul most distant even, of one’s own accord, without any reason howling, yelling together with from all parts/sides only, alone without exception, one and all use, practice it is needed be of use
V vacāre vadum -ī n vagārī vagīna -ae f -a -um vagus valēre vallēs -is f vāstāre vectīgal -ālis n vectīgālis -e vectōrius -a -um: nāvis vectōria
vehementer adv vēnārī vēnātiō -ōnis f venīre: ventum est perf pass ventitāre vergere verērī +dat versāre vērus -a -um: vērum est verūtum -ī n vestīgium -ī n in vestīgiō vestītus -ūs m vetāre -uisse -itum veterānus -a -um viātor -ōris m
vīciēs adv vīcus -ī m vidērī vīsum esse
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sī (tibi) vidētur vigiliae -ārum f pl vinculum -ī n -vīs: quī-vīs, quam-vīs, quantus-vīs vitrum -ī n
voluptās -ātis f vulgō adv vulgus -ī n
useful utility both parties
be empty, be unoccupied ford, shallow wander, roam sheath roaming be strong, have power valley lay waste, devastate tax, toll tax-paying, tributary cargo vessel
strongly hunt hunting ‘they have/had come’ come often, keep coming slope towards, face be anxious about turn this way and that it is fair spear footprint, spot on the spot, at once clothes forbid, prohibit veteran traveller twenty times village seem right if you think fit wakefulness, keeping watch bond, fetter -ever, however…, no matter how… woad (plant), blue dye made from woad leaves pleasure, delight commonly the common people
