LITERATURE LITERATURE REVIEW REVI EW 2.1 Introduction
This chapter gives a description of the various elements that have relations with home automation such as Android and its operation system as well as its development tools, the technology of Bluetooth and its module, and Arduino. Also, Also, the chapter will give some examples of projects affiliated with home automation systems. 2.2 Home automation system
Home automation refers to the use of a computer to control home functions and other features of the home remotely and is also sometimes known as smart home. The home automation system can be utilied in the controlling of various process in the home such as turning lights on and off, programming appliances such fridge among others remotely. !urrently installing a home automation system is still expensive, but it is believed that there may be a decrease with as the home media devices continue to become cheaper and therefore more people will opt for the system. Home automation is very much important in many broad areas, and to a greater extent, it can be used to improve the "uality of life in people. peop le. #ne importance of home automation system involves its application in security aspects. $ecurity cameras and sensors can be connected to home automation system and used to monitor activities around the house remotely. Another use of home automation system is in the elderly who have been impaired with physical mobility. $imple tasks may seem harder for people who are less mobile. The automation automation system can link up the tasks performed on a simple control panel thereby easing work for the elderly. %or instance, instance, opening and closing of curtains can be eased through using a motor that is controlled remotely using a phone line or a computer &'(.
Home automation system example 1 [2
Home automation system 2 [!
2.! Arduino
Arduino is a physical processing device based on a microcontroller board and an integrated development environment for the programming of the board. Arduino is an open source hardware technology one of the best platforms out there that can be used to build home automation system. This technology can be used to control such applications as lights and sensors through reading them as inputs and turning them as outputs like activating a motor, switching on lights or online publishing of something. )t is possible to tell the board what needs to be done through sending s eat of instructions to the microcontroller . to effectively achieve this the programming language of Arduino which is based on wiring and the Arduino software *)+which is based on processing must be used. The program forming Arduino can run on various operating systems such as indows, /acintosh, and 0inux &1(.
An example o" Arduino #oard $it% Arduino lo&o [' 2.!.1 Reasons "or c%oosin& Arduino
The program is simple and accessible2 thus, it has been used in numerous projects. Arduino is easy to use for novice and also flexible enough to cater for advanced users. $o anyone
can use it including children, programmers among others by just following the step by step instructions of the kit. Teachers and students sometimes use it to develop low3cost scientific instruments so as to prove the principles of chemistry and physics or at times to get started with the programming involved in robotics. There are several microcontrollers and microcontroller platforms used for physical computing such as 4etmedia5s B6371, 8arallax Basic $tamp, 8hidgets, and so forth. Arduino makes the process of working with microcontrollers much easier and provides several advantages for all the individuals interested over other systems such as9
!heap compared to other microcontrollers with some modules costing as low as :;<. =ses various platforms of making a cross3platform. %or instance, it can work in various
operating systems, unlike other microcontrollers which only work with windows. $imple to use with a clear programming environment making it suitable for any person
who would wish to become well ac"uainted with it. The program is an open source whose language can be expanded through !>> libraries
so as to suit user5s preferences. asy to improve as it is an open source and extensible hardware and therefore, experienced circuit designers can easily their own versions of the module and improve it as deemed fit &1(.
2.' (luetoot% 2.'.1 (luetoot% Tec%nolo&y
Bluetooth refers to the foundation for transformative connectivity that uses wireless feature. A Bluetooth device uses radio waves to connect to the computer or a phone. /ost devices contain like headsets or watches contain a tiny computer chip with a Bluetooth radio that enhances connectivity. Bluetooth technology can be used in various places such as homes, schools, cars, and so forth. +espite all these uses, one major interest for focusing on Bluetooth is
its application on home automation systems. There are advantages that come along with using Bluetooth such as beings secure, strength, low consumption of energy, low cost, and ease of use &;(.
Image credit: Bluetooth
2.'.2 Ho$ (luetoot% "unctions
0ike i3%i, Bluetooth uses the %H$$ techni"ue which involves the splitting of the fre"uency band of 7.1 ?Hinto @ channels referred to as hops, and each one of them has '/H. Bluetooth has the ability to switch channels at ',<< times a second thereby making it avoid interferences with other signals of the radio &(. 2.'.! Uses o" (luetoot%
As already mentioned, Bluetooth can be used in many appliances ranging from cars to cell phones all the way to headsets. ith the Bluetooth innovation, it is possible to text, listen to music and even control data between gadgets remotely.
Uses o" (luetoot% 2.'.' Importance o" (luetoot% in creatin& %ome automation system
Bluetooth has turned out to be an ideal solution for home automation. )t is easy to control temperature and other electronic devices using Bluetooth although to a greater extent a computer may be involved. )t is possible to use a remote mobile with a host controller to communicate to several home appliances using Bluetooth as a wireless device. This involves use of a wireless network. !lient module and the host controller communicate through enabled Bluetooth in a smartphone &@(.
Home automation usin& (luetoot% [). 2.'.* (luetoot% +odule
Bluetooth module is important in connecting the Arduino3=4# board and an Android device. The hc3<; module of Bluetooth is more compatible as it consists of a serial interface and a Bluetooth adapter. The module is user3friendly as it does not re"uire any setting after purchase apart its AT mode which is used to switch between master and slave mode. )n this project, however, the slave mode was used &C(.
(luetoot% module [, 2.* Android 2.*.1 Introduction to Android
/ost of the contemporary phones, TDs, tablets, and set boxes use Android. Android has been in business since 7<
for phones, and he was later made the director of mobile platforms when ?oogle ac"uired the Android )nc &(. All Android phones come with an application known as play store *initially known as Android market- and it is used to download Android applications. 8lay store contains numerous Android applications which can be used to execute various functions as re"uired by a user. Android comprises various layers where the applications need to follow to get to the hardware. There is a few accessible libraries and AE/ architecture which forms the principle e"uipment platform for Android.
Android desi&n [1- 2. Examples o" Home automation in t%e real $orld.
0oxone does most of the house automation systems as part of their project. %or instance9 T%e (lue&rass /mart Home
This was the first 0oxone $mart home opened to the public. All that is re"uired is to book an appointment and get to know the kind of comfort this house offers right away from security to energy saving &''(.
T%e Victorian To$n%ouse
This house is nestled in a "uiet street some distance away from Eichmond3upon3Thames. The exterior may look traditional, but the inside is modernied, sleek and stylish smart home that has all the controls affiliated with home automation system &''(.
Eeferences &'( F. ?riggs, 8. /cGenna and /. Goerth3Baker, Top tech for a cooler planet, New Scientist , vol. 7<1, no. 7@7C, pp. I3I, 7<<. &7(Home Automation $ystem, Mtechengineer.com. nline(. Available9 http9JJwww.mtechengineer.comJproductsJhome3automation3system.html. &Accessed9 ''3 +ec3 7<'(. &I(=nderstanding Android Based Home Automation $ystems, ElProCus - Electronic Projects for Engineering Students. nline(. Available9 https9JJwww.elprocus.comJunderstanding3
android3based3home3automation3systemsJ. &Accessed9 ''3 +ec3 7<'(. &1(Arduino 3 )ntroduction, Arduino.cc. nline(. Available9 https9JJwww.arduino.ccJenJ?uideJ)ntroduction. &Accessed9 ''3 +ec3 7<'(. &;(How it works K Bluetooth Technology ebsite, Bluetooth.com. nline(. Available9 https9JJwww.bluetooth.comJwhat3is3bluetooth3technologyJhow3it3works. &Accessed9 ''3 +ec3 7<'(. &(Bluetooth 3 How it works, CCM . nline(. Available9 http9JJccm.netJcontentsJ3bluetooth3 how3it3works. &Accessed9 ''3 +ec3 7<'(. &@( B. /alik, Bluetooth based home automation system using android phone, Microcontrollers Lab, 7<'. nline(. Available9 http9JJmicrocontrollerslab.comJbluetooth3home3
automation3system3androidJ. &Accessed9 ''3 +ec3 7<'(. &C(Bluetooth !ontrolled Home Automation $ystem =sing C<;' /icrocontroller, Circuitdigest.com, 7<'. nline(. Available9 http9JJcircuitdigest.comJmicrocontroller3projectsJbluetooth3controlled3home3automation3 using3C<;'. &Accessed9 ''3 +ec3 7<'(.
&( A. ?oransson and +. !uartielles Eui, Professional Android !en Accessor" with Android A#$ and Arduino, 'st ed. Hoboken, 4.F.9 iley, 7<'I.
&'<( +. Han, Android, at a glance K !=BE)+ Blog, Cubrid.org . nline(. Available9 http9JJwww.cubrid.orgJblogJdev3platformJandroid3at3a3glanceJ. &Accessed9 ''3 +ec3 7<'(. &''(0oxone $mart Home 3 /edia, 8A, =$ '<I, %ou&& , 7<'. nline(. Available9 http9JJwww.hou.comJproJloxoneusJloxone3smart3home. &Accessed9 ''3 +ec3 7<'(.