R 54: R.P. Kapoor v State of Punjab, AIR 1960 SC 866 He!: It is well-established that the inherent jurisdiction of the High Court can be exercised to quash proceedings in a proper case either to prevent the abuse of the process of any court or otherwise to secure the ends of justice. Ordinarily criminal proceedings instituted against an accused person must be tried under the provisions of the Code and the High Court would be reluctant to interfere with the said proceedings at an interlocutory stage. It is not possible desirable or expedient to lay down any inflexible rule which would govern the exercise of this inherent jurisdiction. However we may indicate some categories of cases where the inherent jurisdiction can and should be exercised for quashing the proceedings. !here may be cases where it may be possible for the High Court to ta"e the view that the institution or continuance of criminal proceedings against an accused person may amount to the abuse of the process of the court or that the quashing of the impugned proceedings would secure the ends of justice. # $$% #ajendra &rasad v 'ashir
"a#t$: A%%r&eve! b' t(e or!er of t(e A!!&t&ona Se$$&on$ )u!%e, *ee% b' +(&#( #(ar%e$ +ere frae! a%a&n$t t(e for offen#e$ pun&$(abe un!er Se#t&on$ 14- 148 / /4 149 4/- an! 95 of t(e In!&an Pena Co!e, t(e re$pon!ent$ f&e! a pet&t&on un!er Se#t&on 48/ of t(e Co!e of Cr&&na Pro#e!ure (ere&nafter referre! to a$ t(e Co!e2 pra'&n% for 3ua$(&n% t(e afore$a&! or!er. Ho!&n% t(at t(e a%&$trate, be&n% t(e #ourt of #o&tta, (a! no po+er to a!! four re$pon!ent$ a$ a##u$e!per$on$ +&t(out a!opt&n% pro#e!ure a$ pre$#r&be! un!er Se#t&on /0 of t(e Co!e, t(e H&%( Court ao+e! t(e pet&t&on of t(e re$pon!ent$ an! $et a$&!e or!er t(e #ourt b' +(&#( #o%n&an#e of offen#e un!er Se#t&on 95 of t(e In!&an Pena Co!e +a$ ta7en. (e #a$e (a$ been rean!e! ba#7 to t(e earne! a%&$trate to (o! &n3u&r' a$ per t(e prov&$&on$ of Se#t&on /0/2 of t(e Co!e +&t( !&re#t&on t(at &f (e f&n!$ t(at a #a$e u n!er Se#t&on 95 IPC &$ a!e out, (e +& pa$$ ne#e$$ar' or!er$ a%a &n$t t(e a##u$e! per$on$ an! #o&t t(e #a$e to t(e Se$$&on$ )u!%e, &f ne#e$$ar'. He!: !his Court held that though the power of the High Court under (ection )*+ of the Code is very wide yet the same must be exercised sparingly and cautiously particularly in a case where the petitioner is shown to have already invo"ed the revisional jurisdiction under (ection , of the Code. Only in cause where the High Court finds that there has been failure of justice or misuse of judicial mechanism or procedure sentence or order was not correct the High Court may in its discretion prevent the abuse of the process or miscarriage of justice by exercise of jurisdiction under (ection )*+ of the Code. It was further held /Ordinarily when revision has been barred by (ection ,0,1 of the Code a person - accused2complaint - cannot be allowed to ta"e recourse to the revision to the High Court under (ection ,031 or under inherent powers of the High Court under (ection )*+
of the Code since it may amount to circumvention of provisions of (ection ,0,1 or (ection ,0+1 of the Code.
# $4% 5 & (harma v 6inod 7umar 5ain
"a#t$: (ree pet&t&on$ aro$e out of a #opa&nt un!er S e#t&on 1/0 of t(e In!&an Pena Pen a Co!e an! Se#t&on 5 of t(e Iport$ an! ;port$ ;por t$ Contro2 A#t, A#t, 194- (ere&nafter #ae! t(e
"a#t$: (e 3ue$t&on ra&$e! &n t(&$ pet&t&on f&e! b' t(e pa&nt&ff$ un!er Se#t&on 48/ of t(e Co!e of Cr&&na Pro#e!ure, 19- &$ a$ to +(et(er t(e H&%( Court &n &t$ &n(erent jur&$!&#t&on #ou! 3ua$( t(e #r&&na pro#ee!&n%$ &n&t&ate! b' +a' of #r&&na #opa&nt an! +(at &$ t(e $#ope of &t$ po+er un!er Se#t&on 48/, Co!e of Cr&&na Pro#e!ure. He!: !he (upreme Court has cautioned that the power under (ection )*+ of the Code of Criminal &rocedure should be exercised in a limited type of cases and not in a routine and mechanical fashion. the use of inherent power under (ection )*+ Code of Criminal &rocedure for quashing the proceedings at the threshold and observed as under %-
/!he High Court we cannot refrain from observing might well have refused to invo"e its inherent powers at the very threshold in order to quash the proceedings for these powers are meant to be exercised sparingly and with circumspection when there is reason to believe that the process of law is being misused to harass a citi8en./ # 43 :ac Culloh v. (tate 3) Cr;5 /Criminal &roceeding shall not be initiated if prima facie case is not made out./
"a#t$: . A pet&t&on pet&t&on +a$ f&e! b' b ' t(e #opa&nant, !. S(arfu!!&n on t(e 0t( )anuar', 19- before t(e earne! C(&ef Pre$&!en#' a%&$trate, Ca#utta un!er Se#t&on$ 14-, /, 41, 448, 504, 4/- an! 506, I.P.C. I.P.C. (e #au$e t&te ent&one! t(at t(e app&#at&on &$ un!er Se#t&on 1562, Cr&&na Pro#e!ure Co!e an! &t #onta&ne! a pra'er to t(e effe#t t(at t(e po&#e a' a ' be !&re#te! to ta7e #o%n&an#e of t(e offen#e$ #o&tte! on treat&n% t(e #opa&nt a$ ".I.R. or &n t(e aternat&ve pro#e$$ a' be &$$ue! a%a&n$t t(e a##u$e!. Held% acts% Str&#t &ab&&t' eer%e! &n t(e 19t( Centur' to &prove $afet' an! +or7&n% $tan!ar!$ &n fa#tor&e$. (e$e a+$ are app&e! e&t(er &n re%uator' offen#e$ enfor#&n% $o#&a be(av&our +(ere &n&a $t&%a atta#(e$ to a per$on upon #onv&#t&on, #onv &#t&on, or +(ere $o#&et' &$ #on#erne! +&t( t(e prevent&on of (ar, an! +&$(e$ to a;&&$e t(e !eterrent vaue of t(e offen#e. (e &po$&t&on &po$&t&on of $tr&#t &ab&&t' a' operate ver' unfa&r' &n &n!&v&!ua #a$e$ a$ $een &n P(ara#eut&#a So#&et' of =reat r&ta&n v Stor7+a&n 19862 / A>> R 65. (e ju$t&f&#at&on &n t(&$ #a$e &$ t(at t(e &$u$e of !ru%$ &$ a %rave $o#&a ev& an! p(ara#&$t$ $(ou! be en#oura%e! to ta7e even unrea$onabe #are to ver&f' pre$#r&pt&on$ before $upp'&n% !ru%$. >arquharson 5 said% ?It is perfectly obvious that pharmacists are in a position to put illicit drugs and perhaps other medicines on the mar"et. Happily this rarely happens but it does from time to time. It can therefore be readily understood that &arliament would find it necessary to impose a heavier liability on those who are in such a position and ma"e them more strictly accountable for any breaches of the @ct.A
R 65: .C.e(ta v. ?n&on of In!&a
Bignity and authority of the Court has to be protected not for any individual but for maintenance of the rule of law. !he &ower conferred to (upreme Court is most potential weapon to use it in a case properly coming under this article.
(e po+er #onferre! b' t(e pre$ent Art&#e Art&#e &$ t(e o$t potent&a +eapon &n t(e (an! of t(e Supree Court R 66: Kavaappara Kottarat(& Ko#(unn& oop& @a 'ar $. (e State of a!ra$ an! Br$. R 6-: "ert&&er Corporat&on Ka%ar $. ?n&on Bf In!&a An! An! Bt(er$ It &$ ean&n%e$$ to #onfer fun!aenta r&%(t$ +&t(out prov&!&n% an effe#t&ve ree!' for t(e for t(e&r enfor#eent, &f an! +(en t(e' are v&oate!.2 Pet&t&oner $ou%(t for !&re#t&n% Re$pon!ent$ not to $e a+a' pant an! e3u&pent an! t(e' $(ou! be a$7e! to +&t(!ra+ t(e&r !e#&$&on to $e t(e $ae an! $a&! !e#&$&on $(ou! be 3ua$(e! a$ be&n% &e%a an! un#on$t&tut&ona Hen#e, t(&$ Pet&t&on (et(er, an' of fun!aenta r&%(t$ of Pet&t&oner$ +a$ v&oate! b' $ae of pant$ an! e3 u&pent of "a#tor' He!, pant$ +(&#( +ere &n&t&a' a!vert&$e! for $ae, +ent t(rou%( var&at&on, t(at after $ae +a$ a!journe!, re3ue$t$ re#e&ve! b' ".C.I. fro ot(er pub&# $e#tor un!erta7&n%$ $tat&n%, t(at t(e' +ere &n nee! of p art of e3u&pent +(&#( +a$ a!vert&$e! for $ae, e! to $ub$tant&a re!u#t&on &n %oo!$ a!vert&$e! for $ae Ho+ever, off&#er$ re%ar!&n% $ae (a! attra#te! #r&t&#&$ t(at !ur&n% #our$e of ne%ot&at&on$ or&%&na b&! +a$ re!u#e! +&t(out ju$t&f'&n% #au$e oreover, re!u#t&on &n pr&#e +a$ ne#e$$ar' an! fa&r #on$e3uen#e of re!u#t&on &n 3uant&t' of %oo!$ ater offere! for $ae (u$, one #ou ! not e;#u!e po$$&b&&t' t(at better pr&#e &%(t (ave been rea&e! &n fre$( pub&# au#t&on, but $u#( po$$&b&&t&e$ #ou! not v&t&ate $ae or ju$t&f' ju$t&f' ae%at&on of aa f&!e$ Hen#e, $ae +a$ not v&t&ate! b' an' unfa&rne$$ or arb&trar&ne$$ (erefore, (erefore, fun!aenta r&%(t$ of Pet&t&oner$ un!er Art&#e 14 an! Art&#e 19 of Con$t&tut&on +ere not v&oate! Pet&t&on !&$&$$e!. R 68: Raja Ra Pa $. (e Hono7 Sab(a an! Br$.
# % #amchan #amc hand d 5agadish 5agad ish Chand Chan d v. Dnion of India 0DOI1 and Ors. %
"ACS: ' a #on$o&!ate! or!er !ate! *e#eber -, 1955, 7no+n a$ t(e Iport$ Contro2 Br!er 1955, re$tr&#t&on$ on t(e &port of #erta&n %oo!$ +ere &po$e!.(e pet&t&oner$ $ub&tte! t(at t(e Controer of &#en#e$ (a! arb&trar&' re!u#e! t(e vaue of t(e&r &port &#en#e un!er t(e ;port
Proot&on S#(ee an! (a! t(ereb' una+fu' &nfr&n%e! t(e&r fun!aenta r&%(t to #arr' on bu$&ne$$. H>*: (e fun!aenta r&%(t of a #&t&en to #arr' on an' o##upat&on, tra!e or bu$&ne$$ un!er Art&#e 1912%2 of t(e Con$t&tut&on &$ not ab$oute : &t &$ $ubje#t to rea$onabe re$tr&#t&on$ +(&#( a' be &po$e! b' t(e $tate &n t(e &ntere$t$ of t(e %enera pub&#. # ,% :adhya 'harat Cotton @ssociation ;td. 6s. Dnion of India I ndia 0DOI1 and @nr. @nr.
"ACS: (&$ &$ a pet&t&on a!e b' t(e a!('a (arat Cotton A$$o#&at&on >&&te!, un!er Art&#e Art&#e / of t(e Con$t&tut&on, #opa&n&n% of re$tra&nt of tra!e un!er Art&#e 1912%2. (e Cotton Contro Br!er of 1950 banne! a #otton #ontra#t$ an! opt&on$ &n #otton e;#ept t(o$e per&tte! b' t(e e;t&e e;t&e Co&$$&oner. (e (e re$tra&nt of tra!e &$ be#au$e t(e pet&t&oner (a$ been prevente! b' #erta&n not&f&#at&on$, +(&#( &t &pu%n$, fro #arr'&n% on t(e bu$&ne$$ of (e! %e #ontra#t$D t(e !&$#r&&nat&on &e$ &n t(e fa#t t(at +(erea$ t(e pet&t&oner (a$ been prevente! fro #arr'&n% on t(&$ tra!e, t(e a$t In!&a Cotton A$$o#&at&on >&&te!, oba', (a$ been ao+e! to !o $o an! (a$ been %&ven a v&rtua onopo' &n In!&a. H>*: Cotton be&n% a #oo!&t' e$$ent&a to t(e &fe of t(e #oun&t', &t &$ rea$onabe to (ave re$tr&#t&on$ +(&#( a', &n #erta&n #&r#u$tan#e$, e;ten! to tota pro(&b&t&on for a t&e, of a nora tra!&n% &n t(e #oo!&t'. A##or!&n%', A##or!&n%', +e are of op&n&on t(at t(e Cotton Contro Br!er of 1950 !oe$ not offen! Art&#e 1912%2 of t(e Con$t&tut&on. In Madhya Bharat Cotton Association Ltd. MANU/SC/0161/1954 : AIR1954SC64 AIR1954SC64 ! th" Co#rt had to consid"r th" constit#tiona$$y o% an ord"r o rd"r &hich in "%%"ct 'rohi(it"d a $ar)" $ar)" s"ction o% trad"rs! %ro* carryin) on th"ir nor*a$ trad" in %or&ard contracts. In ho$din) th" ord"r to (" +a$id! th" Co#rt said ,Cotton ("in) a co**odity "ss"ntia$ to th" $i%" o% th" co**#nity! it is r"asona($" to ha+" r"strictions &hich *ay! in c"rtain circ#*stanc"s! "-t"nd to tota$ 'rohi(ition %or a ti*"! o% a$$ nor*a$ tradin) in th" co**odity., co**odity., &ratap &harma 0&vt.1 ;td. and another etc. etc. 6s. Dnion of India and others
"ACS: (e +r&t Pet&t&on$, f&e! un!er Art&#e / of t(e Con$t&tut&on of In!&aSe#t&on (2 of t(e *ru%$ an! Co$et&#$ A#t #(aen%&n% a$ un#on$t&tut&ona, be&n% arb&trar' an! v&oat&ve of Art&#e 14 an! 1912%2 of t(e Con$t&tut&on. H>*:
It &$ no+ +e $ette! e%a po$&t&on t(at re%uat&on &n#u!e$ tota pro(&b&t&on, &f &t &$ foun! ne#e$$ar' &n t(e pub&# &ntere$t. # )% Cooverjee '. 'harucha 6s. !he Excise Commissioner Commiss ioner and the Chief Commissioner @jmer and Ors.
"ACS: 52 (at t(e prov&$&on$ of t(e ;#&$e Re%uat&on an! t(e au#t&on rue$ a!e t(ereun!er +ere utra v&re$ a$ t(e $ae purport to %rant onopo' of tra!e to a fe+ per$on$ an! are t(u$ &n#on$&$tent +&t( art&#e 1912%2 of t(e Con$t&tut&on an! t(at t(e prov&$&on$ of t(e re%uat&on re%ar!&n% ev' of &#en#e fee +&t( t(e avo+e! obje#t of ra&$&n% a b&% $our#e of revenue a$o $er&ou$' affe#te! t(e fun!aenta r&%(t$ of t(e pet&t&oner un!er art&#e 1912%2 of t(e Con$t&tut&on. # $: C(&ntaanrao v. State of .P., AIR 1951 SC 118
"ACS: An or!er +a$ &$$ue! b' t(e *eput' Co&$$&oner Co&$$&oner un!er t(e prov&$&on$ of t(e A#t A#t forb&!!&n% a per$on$ re$&!&n% &n #erta&n v&a%e$ fro
en%a%&n% &n
t(e anufa#ture of b&!&$ !ur&n% a.
part&#uar $ea$on. A anufa#turer anufa#turer of b&!&$ an! an epo'ee &n a b&!& fa#tor' re$&!&n% &n one of t(e t(e $a&! $a&! v& v&a% a%e$ e$ app& app&e! e! un!er un!er Art. Art. / of t(e t(e Con$ Con$t& t&tu tut& t&on on for for a +r&t +r&t
of
an!a an!au u$$
ae%&n% t(at $&n#e t(e A#t pro(&b&te! t(e pet&t&oner$ fro e;er#&$&n% t(e&r fun!aenta r&%(t to #arr' on t(e&r tra!e or bu$&ne$$ +(&#( +a$ %uarantee! to t(e t(e b' #. 12 %2 of Art. 19 of t(e Con$t&tut&on, t(e A#t +a$ vo&! H>*:
# 4% ;axmi 7handsari 7hands ari and Ors. Ors . 6s. (tate (tat e of D.&. D. &. and Ors. 0(e re$tr&#t&on !epen!$ upon t(e e;tent of ev& t(at &$ $ou%(t to be ree!&e! 1
"ACS: &t( t(e obje#t&ve of reov&n% nat&on+&!e $(orta%e of $u%ar an! for t(e purpo$e of en(an#&n% $u%ar pro!u#t&on &n or!er to a#(&eve an e3u&tabe !&$tr&but&on of t(e #oo!&t' $o a$ to a7e &t ava&abe to #on$uer$ at rea$onabe rate$ an! t(ereb' re&ev&n% t(e $u%ar fa&ne, a not&f&#at&on +a$ pa$$e! b' Cane Co&$$&oner, =overnent of ?ttar Pra!e$( !&re#t&n% t(at no po+er #ru$(er, e;#ept, of a 7(an!$ar& un&t or an' a%ent of $u#( o+ner &n t(e re$erve! area of a & #ou! be +or7e! for a #erta&n per&o!. In or!er to fa#&&tate pro!u#t&on b ' t(e $u%ar &$, o$t of +(o +ere #ontroe! b' t(e State, S tate, a re$erve! area of t(e f&e!$ %ro+&n% $u%ar#ane +a$ f&;e! t(rou%(out t(e State (e @ot&f&#at&on app&e! on' to t(e re$erve! area$ of a & an! not to an'
ot(er area. Re$tr&#t&on +a$ a&! on' on $pe#&f&# re$erve! area$ an! on' for $pe#&f&# t&e, a7&n% t(e re$tr&#t&on rea$onabe. (e re$tr&#t&onnotification issued for temporary stoppage of power crusader of "handsari unit2 !epen!e! on t(e !e%ree of ev&to regulate supply of sugar 2 &t $ou%(t to be ree!&e!. H>*: A re3u&reent$ of rea$onabene$$ are fuf&e! an! (en#e t(e not&f&#at&on &$ not v&oat&ve of Art&#e 19 12 %2. # % Farendra 7umar and Ors. 6s. !he !he Dnion of India 0DOI1 and Ors.
"ACS: Re$tr&#t&on $(ou! be rea$onabe &n &ntere$t of pub&# ' =overnent or!er re$tr&#t&on$ &po$e! on %rant of per&t an! a;&u pr&#e for pur#(a$e an! $ae of #opper f&;e!. Pet&t&oner$ +ere !eaer$ of nonferrou$ eta. Pet&t&oner #onten!e! t(at #au$e$ of t(e or!er +ere v&oat&ve of Art&#e 19 a$ &t &po$e! unrea$onabe re$tr&#t&on$ an! #au$e! !&$#r&&nat&on. H>*: Ho+ever Court ob$erve! t(at #au$e a$ re$tr&#t&on$ &po$e! +ere &n &ntere$t &n %e nera pub&# an! rea$onabe. -9: un&#&pa Corporat&on v )an o(!.
# *% !he (tate of :aharashtra 6s. Himmatbhai Farbheram #ao and Ors.
"ACS: (e re$pon!ent +a$ &nvove! &n bu$&ne$$ of $7&nn&n% #ar#a$$e$ of !ea! an&a$ an! ut&&$&n% pro!u#t$ for &n!u$tr&a purpo$e$ ' State >e%&$ature >e%&$ature aen!&n% A#t, an o+ner of t(e #ar#a$$ of a !ea! an&a $(a !epo$&t &t at t(e pa#e appo&nte! &n t(at be(af b' t(e Corporat&on, an! entru$te! t(e Corporat&on +&t( po+er to arran%e for !&$po$a of t(e #ar#a$$e$. Contra#t of $u#( !&$po$a %&ven to $oe ot(er or%an&$at&on an! re$pon!ent $toppe! fro !o&n% &t$ bu$&ne$$. Re$pon!ent #(aen%e! va&!&t' of $u#( aen!ent$ a en!ent$ be&n% utra v&re$ a$ v&oat&ve of Art&#e 19 12 %2 Supree Court ob$erve! t(at rea$onabe re$tr&#t&on$ !o not &nfr&n%e Art&#e Art&#e 19 an! re$tr&#t&on$ +ere to be ju!%e! &n &%(t of nature of #oo!&t' an! &t$ #apa#&t' to be !etr&enta to pub&# (eat(. H>*:
(e #ourt (a$ (e! t(at +(&e $tr&7&n% a baan#e bet+een r&%(t$ of &n!&v&!ua$ an! r&%(t$ o f #&t&enr' a$ a +(oe t(e f&nan#&a o$$ #au$e! to &n!&v&!ua$ be#oe$ &n$&%n&f&#ant &f &t $erve$ t(e ar%er pub&# &ntere$t @o #open$at&on &$ to be pa&! to o+ner$ of #ar#a$$ an! t(e aen!ent$ +ere not v&oat&ve of an' prov&$&on. (e !e#&$&on of H&%( Court +a$ o verrue! an! $u#( aen!ent$ +ee (e! a$ va&! an! ju$t&f&e!. # *3% (ushila (aw :ill 6s. (tate of Orissa and others
(e pet&t&oner (a$ e$tab&$(e! a Sa+ & &n Keonj(ar *&$tr&#t of Br&$$a State. (e not&#e un!er Se#t&on 412 of Br&$$a Sa+ S a+ &$ E Sa+ P&t$ Contro2 A#t, A#t, 1991 for $(ort
R 84: #.7. 9arg and Ors. 6s. Dnion of India 0DOI1 and Ors. (ere &$ no 3ua&tat&ve !&fferen#e bet+een t(e Br!&nan#e t(e va&!&t' of a a+ or an or!er pa$$e! b' t(e Pre$&!ent an! an A#t of Par&aent. Par&aent. >@C!(%
(e +r&t pet&t&on reate$ to t(e #on$t&tut&ona va&!&t' of t(e Spe#&a earer on!$ Iun&t&e$ an! ;ept&on$2 Br!&nan#e, 1981 an! an ! t(e Spe#&a earer on!$ Iun&t&e$ an! ;ept&on$2 A#t 1981 +(&#( #a$$&f&e! (o!er$ of $pe#&a bearer b on!$ &nto (one$t ta; pa'er$ an! ta; eva!er$. (e %roun! on +(&#( t(e Br!&nan#e &$ a$$a&e! a$ #on$t&tut&ona' #on$t&tut&ona' &nva&! an! &$ t(at t(e Pre$&!ent (a! no po+er un!er Art&#e 1/ of t(e Con$t&tut&on to &$$ue t(e Br!&nan#e +(&#( ater or aen! ta; a+$ an! t(e Br!&nan#e &$ t(erefore utra v&re$ an! vo&!. H>*: t(e Pre$&!ent (a$ e%&$at&ve po+er un!er Art&#e 1/ to prou%ate an or!&nan#e an! t(&$ e%&$at&ve po+er &$ #oe;ten$&ve +&t( t(e po+er of t(e P ar&aent to a7e a+$, &t &$ !&ff&#ut to $ee (o+ an' &&tat&on #an be rea! &nto t(&$ e%&$at&ve po+er of t(e Pre$&!ent $o a$ to a7e &t &neffe#t&ve to ater or aen! ta; a+$. If Par&aent #an b ' ena#t&n% e%&$at&on ater or aen! ta; a+$, e3ua' #an t(e Pre$&!ent !o $o b' &$$u&n% an Br!&nan#e un!er u n!er Art&#e Art&#e 1/.
R 85: #ustom Cavasjee Cooper 6s. Re$pon!ent:Dnion of India 0DOI1 "ACS: (e Pre$&!ent &$ un!er t(e Con$t&tut&on not t(e repo$&tor' of t(e e%&$at&ve po+er of t(e ?n&on, but +&t( a v&e+ to eet e;traor!&nar' $&tuat&on$ !ean!&n% &e!&ate ena#tent of a+$, prov&$&on &$ a!e &n t(e Con$t&tut&on &nve$t&n% t(e Pre$&!ent Pre$&!ent +&t( po+er to e%&$ate b' prou%at&n% Br!&nan#e$.
R 86: 7. Fagaraj and Ors. 6s. Re$pon!ent: (tate of @ndhra &radesh and @nr. 01 t(e Pre$&!ent #an prou%ate an or!&nan#e on t(e a!v&#e of t(e Coun#& of &n&$ter$ to eet t(e re3u&reent$ of a $&tuat&on +(en e&t(er Hou$e of Par&aent &$ not &n $e$$&on "ACS: An Br!er +a$ &$$ue! b' t(e =overnent of o f An!(ra Pra!e$( for re!u#&n% t(e a%e of $uperannuat&on of a =overnent epo'ee$, ot(er t(an &n t(e a$t =ra!e Serv&#e, fro 58 to 55 'ear$, on t(e %roun! t(at &t (a! be#oe ne#e$$ar' to prov&!e %reater epo'ent opportun&t&e$ to t(e 'out($. (e$e +r&t pet&t&on$ +ere f&e! b' t(e An!(ra Pra!e$( =overnent epo'ee$ to #(aen%e t(e afore$a&! Br!er. In t(e #a$e &t +a$ $a&! t(at t(e Pre$&!ent #an prou%ate an or!&nan#e on t(e a!v&#e of t(e Coun#& of &n&$ter$ to eet t(e re3u&reent$ of a $&tuat&on +(en e&t(er Hou$e of Par&aent &$ not &n $e$$&on # *% @mar Fath (en 6s. Dnion of India 0DOI1 0 DOI1 >@C!(%
(e pet&t&oner #onten!e! t(at @at&ona a; r&buna r&buna Br!&nan#e, /00 prou%ate! b' t(e Pre$&!ent &$ not #on$t&tut&ona' va&! un!er art&#e$ 1/. HE;B% (e #on!&t&on$ pre#e!ent to art&#e 1/ are $at&$f&e! an!, t(erefore, Pre$&!ent +a$ +e +&t(&n &t$ po+er to prou%ate t(e Br!&nan#e.In t(e ab$en#e of t(o$e #on!&t&on$ t(e a#t of t(e Pre$&!ent, a' be a e%&$at&ve one, un!er art&#e 1/ of t(e Con$t&tut&on of In!&a, +ou! be $tru#7 !o+n a$ t(e $ae +ou! be un#on$t&tut&ona. un#on $t&tut&ona. It (a$ a$o been $ette! b' t(e ape; #ourt t(at $u#( po+er of Pre$&!ent &$ #oe;&$ten$&ve +&t( t(e po+er of Par&aent +&t(&n &t$ o+n f&e! ean&n% t(ereb ', t(e Pre$&!ent (a$ po+er to prou%ate or!&nan#e$
R 89 : (amsher (ingh 6s. (tate of &unjab and @nr.
"ACS "ACS RA* &t on#e2 ?n!er Punjab C&v& Serv&#e$ Rue$ 195/, t(e $erv&#e$ of a Subor!&nate )u!%e +a$ ter&nate! on probat&on. (e appeant approa#(e! t(e #ourt t(rou%( an appea. t(e Pre$&!ent a$ +e a$ t(e =overnor e;er#&$e$ a po+er$ an! fun#t&on$ #onferre! on t(e b' or un!er t(e Con$t&tut&on on t(e a&!. (e or!&nan#e &$ prou%ate! &n t(e nae of t(e Pre$&!ent an! &n a #on$t&tut&ona $en$e on (&$ $at&$fa#t&on. Ho+ever &n trut(, &t &$ prou%ate! on t(e a!v&#e of #oun#& of &n&$ter$. # 3 % @.7. 7aul and another 6s. Dnion of India and another
# +: @.7. #oy and Ors. 6s. Dnion of India 0DOI1 and Ors. 0(e or!&nan#e pa$$e! b' t(e %overnent &$ a+ +&t(&n t(e ean&n% of Art&#e /1 of Con$t&tut&on of In!&a. Art&#e 56 epo+er$ t(e Pre$&!ent to &$$ue a pro#aat&on &n #a$e of fa&ure of #on$t&tut&ona a#(&ner' &n t(e State$. An Br!&nan#e &$ a e%&$at&on1
(e r&t Pet&t&on Pet&t&on (a$ been f&e! un!er Art&#e / of t(e Con$t&tut&on b' S(r& A.K. Ro', Ro', a ar;&$t eber of t(e Par&aent, #(aen%&n% t(e va&!&t' of t(e @at&ona Se#ur&t' Br!&nan#e, / of 1980, an! #erta&n prov&$&on$ of t(e @at&ona Se#ur&t' A#t, 65 of 1980, +(&#( repa#e! t(e Br!&nan#e for !eta&n&n% un!er t(e Br!&nan#e b' an or!er pa$$e! b' t(e *&$tr&#t a%&$trate, *(anba!, on t(e %roun! t(at (e +a$ &n!u%&n% &n a#t&v&t&e$ +(&#( +ere preju!&#&a to pub&# or!er. # ,% :cFabb 6 D(@
1. (e po+er of t(&$ Court upon rev&e+ of #onv&#t&on$ &n t(e fe!era #ourt$ &$ not &&te! to t(e !eter&nat&on of t(e #on$t&tut&ona va&!&t' of $u#( #onv&#t&on$.
/. )u!&#&a $uperv&$&on of t(e a!&n&$trat&on of #r&&na ju$t&#e &n t(e fe!era #ourt$ &p&e$ t(e !ut' of e$tab&$(&n% an! a&nta&n&n% #&v&&e! $tan!ar!$ of pro#e!ure an! ev&!en#e. . (e pr&n#&pe$ %overn&n% t(e a!&$$&b&&t' of ev&!en#e &n #r&&na #a$e$ &n t(e fe!era #ourt$ are not re$tr&#te! to t(o$e !er&ve! $oe' fro t(e Con$t&tut&on. 4. In t(e e;er#&$e of &t$ aut(or&t' over t(e a!&n&$trat&on of #r&&na ju$t&#e &n t(e fe!era #ourt$, t(&$ Court, fro &t$ be%&nn&n%, (a$ foruate! app&#abe rue$ of ev&!en#eD an! (a$ been %u&!e! t(ere&n b' #on$&!erat&on$ of ju$t&#e not &&te! to $tr&#t #anon$ of ev &!ent&ar' reevan#e. 5. (e #&r#u$tan#e$ !eta&e! &n t(e op&n&on2 un!er +(&#( fe!era off&#er$ obta&ne! &n#r&&nat&n% $tateent$ fro t(e !efen!ant$ &n t(&$ #a$e, to%et(er +&t( t(e fa%rant !&$re%ar! of A#t$ of Con%re$$ re3u&r&n% t(at a##u$e! per$on$ arre$te! b' fe!era off&#er$ be ta7en before a ?n&te! State$ Co&$$&oner or ot(er ju!&#&a off&#er, ren!ere! t(e ev&!en#e t(u$ obta&ne! &na!&$$&be &n a #r&&na pro$e#ut&on &n a fe!era #ourt, an! #onv&#t&on$ re$t&n% upon $u#( ev&!en#e u$t be $et a$&!e. 6. At(ou%( Con%re$$ (a$ not e;p&#&t' forb&!!en t(e u$e of ev&!en#e $o pro#ure!, 'et to per&t $u#( ev&!en#e to be a!e t(e ba$&$ of a #onv&#t&on &n t(e fe!era #ourt$ +ou! $tut&f' t(e po&#' +(&#( Con%re$$ (a$ ena#te! ena# te! &nto a+. R 94: S(au%(ne$$' ?S An a&en re$&!ent of t(e ?n&te! State$ travee! ab roa! an! rea&ne! &n Hun%ar' Hun%ar ' for 19 ont($. Bn (&$ return to t(&$ #ountr', t(e Attorne' Attorne' =enera, a#t&n% pur$uant to // ?.S.C. F // an! re%uat&on$ t(ereun!er, or!ere! (& peranent' e;#u!e! +&t(out a (ear&n%. (e o r!er +a$ ba$e! on &nforat&on of a #onf&!ent&a nature, t(e !&$#o$ure of +(&#( +ou! be preju!&#&a to t(e pub&# &ntere$t, an! on a f&n!&n% t(at t(e a&en<$ entr' +ou! be preju!&#&a to t(e pub&# &ntere$t for $e#ur&t' rea$on$. e#au$e ot(er nat&on$ refu$e! to a##ept (&, (&$ e;#u$&on at &$ I$an! +a$ #ont&nue! for /1 ont($. A fe!era !&$tr&#t !&$tr&#t #ourt &n (abea$ #orpu$ pro#ee!&n%$ t(en !&re#te! (&$ #on!&t&ona paroe &nto t(e ?n&te! State$ o n bon!. He!: t(e Attorne' =enera<$ #ont&nue! e;#u$&on of t(e a&en +&t(out a (ear&n% !oe $ not aount to an una+fu !etent&on, an! #ourt$ a' not teporar&' a!&t (& to t(e ?n&te! State$ pen! &n% arran%eent$ for (&$ !eparture abroa!. a2 In e;#u$&on #a$e$, t(e #ourt$ #annot retr' t(e Attorne' Attorne' =enera<$ $tatutor' !eter&nat&on t(at an a&en<$ entr' +ou! be preju!&#&a to t(e pub&# &ntere$t. b2 @e&t(er an a&en<$ (arbora%e on &$ I$an! nor ( &$ pr&or re$&!en#e &n t(&$ #ountr' tran$for$ t(e a!&n&$trat&ve pro#ee!&n% a%a&n$t (& &nto $oet(&n% ot(er t(an an e;#u$&on pro#ee!&n%, an! (e a' be e;#u!e! &f un3ua&f&e! for a!&$$&on un!er e;&$t&n% &&%rat&on a+$.
#2 At(ou%( At(ou%( a a+fu' re$&!ent a&en a' not n ot #apt&ou$' be !epr&ve! of (&$ #on$t&tut&ona r&%(t$ to !ue pro#e$$, t(e a&en &n t(&$ #a$e &$ an entrant a&en or a$$&&ate! to t(at $tatu$ for #on$t&tut&ona purpo$e$. K+on% Ha& C(e+ v. Co!&n%,44 ?. S. 590, !&$t&n%u&$(e!. Pp. !2 (e Attorne' Attorne' =enera t(erefore a' e;#u!e t(&$ a&en +&t(out a (ear&n%, a$ aut(or&e! b' t(e eer%en#' re%uat&on$ prou%ate! pur$uant to t(e Pa$$port A#t, an! nee! not !&$#o$e t(e ev&!en#e upon +(&#( t(at !eter&nat&on re$t$ # $% (tate of Fagaland 6s. #atan (ingh etc.
Br!&nan#e &$ a p&e#e of e%&$at&on e%&$at&on +(&#( (a$ $ae po+er an! poten#' an! &$ #oe;ten$&ve a$ t(at of a+ a!e b' e%&$ature. Art&#e /1 ta7e$ &n a+$ ot(er t(an t(o$e ena#te! b' e%&$ature. Ca$e @ote: (e #a$e !eat +&t( t(e va&!&t' of rue$ frae! un!er S#(e!ue! *&$tr&#t$ A#t, 19an! +(et(er $u#( rue$ v&oate! Art&#e 14 an! /1 of t(e Con$t&tut&on of In!&a It +a$ rue! t(at t(e $a&! rue$ un!er t(e A#t are va&!' ena#te! an! #ear' &n!&#ate$ t(e po&#' to be a!opte! It +a$ a$o rue! t(at Art&#e /1 of t(e Con$t&tut&on !&! not a7e t(e $a&! rue$ &neffe#t&ve It +a$ ob$erve! t(at t(e ba#7+ar!$ tra#t$ +ere not foun! effe#t&ve for t(e app&#at&on of t(e Cr&&na Pro#e!ure Co!e. "a#t$ of t(e Ca$e: Appea$ b' t(e State of @a%aan! a%a&n$t t(e ju!%ent an! or!er of t(e H&%( Court of A$$a an! @a%aan!, Au%u$t Au%u$t /6, 1965, b' b ' +(&#( t(e H&%( Court, ao+&n% #erta&n +r&t pet&t&on$ f&e! b' t(e re$pon!ent$, &$$ue! a +r&t of an!au$ an!au$ !&re#t&n% t(e A!!&t&ona A!!&t&ona *eput' Co&$$&oner, Ko(& Ko(&aa an! t(e State of @a%aan!, not to pro#ee! +&t( t(e tr&a of t(e re$pon!ent$. (e H&%( Court (a$ #ert&f&e! t(e #a$e a$ f&t for appe a to t(&$ #ourt. #atilal 'hanji :ithani 6s @sstt. Collector of Customs 'ombay and @nr. # 4% #ohtas Industries 6s. (.B. (. B. @garwal and Ors. 0 A pea of aa f&!e +& $u##ee! on' &f &t appear$ t(at e&t(er t(e Pre$&!ent a#te! upon no ev&!en#e at a a$ to ur%en#' of t(e $&tuat&on, or t(e #&r#u$tan#e$ +(&#( +ere a#te! upon (&, ( &, are not reevant to t(e obje#t ob je#t for +(&#( t(e po+er (a$ been #onferre! b' t(e #on$t&tut&on upon t(e e;e#ut&ve1 >@C!(% # % 7eshavan :adhava :enon 6s. !he (tate of 'ombay 0 Art&#e 1/2 of t(e Con$t&tut&on of In!&a pre$#r&be$ t(at t(e ?n&on or t(e State$ S tate$ $(a not a7e an' a+ t(at ta7e$ a+a' or abr&!%e$ an' of t(e fun!aenta r&%(t$, an! an' a+ a!e &n #ontravent&on of t(e aforeent&one! an!ate $(a, to t(e e;tent of t(e #ontravent&on, be vo&!2 >acts%
A pap(et ent&te! Ra&+a' a!ooron 7e 7(&af @a& Ga&$( &$ ae%e! to (av e been pub&$(e! &n oba' b' t(e pet&t&oner a$ t(e $e#retar' of t(at #opan'. (e pet&t&oner $tate$ t(at
t(e pap(et +a$ pub&$(e! a$ a boo7 +&t(&n t(e ean&n% of $e#t&on 1 of t(e Pre$$ an! Re%&$trat&on of oo7$ A#t of 186-2 an! t(at t(e prov&$&on$ of t(at A#t (a! been !u' #op&e! +&t(. Ho+ever, (e oba' =overnent aut(or&t&e$ too7 t(e v&e+ t(at t(e p ap(et +a$ a ne+$ $(eet +&t(&n t(e ean&n% of $e#t&on /62 of t(e In!&an Pre$$ er%en#' Po+er$2 A#t, 191, an! t(at a $ &t (a! been pub&$(e! +&t(out t(e aut(or&t' re3u&re! b' $e#t&on 1512 of t(at A#t, t(e pet&t&oner (a! #o&tte! an offen#e pun&$(abe un!er $e#t&on 1812 of t(e $ae A#t. # % 9urudevdatta 67((( :aryadit G Ors. vs. (tate of :aharashtra G Ors. 0If t(e or!&nan#e (av&n% t(e effe#t of a+ !oe$ not &nfr&n%e t(e #on$t&tut&ona $afe%uar! , &t #annot be e;a&ne! nor #an t(e ot&ve for $u#( a prou%at&on be &n 3ue$t&on.1 # 4)% #ameshwar &rasad and a nd Ors. 6s. Dnion of India 0DOI1 and @nr. @nr. >@C!(% !he challenge in the present petitions is to the Constitutional validity of Fotification dated +,rd :ay +$ ordering dissolution of the ;egislative @ssembly of the (tate of 'ihar undamental #ights by means of the specified writ or writs of the same nature.
