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Co n t ai n er Cr an e Des i g n
Erik Soderb Soderberg, erg, S.E. S.E. ec onsu an s nc. www.liftech.net
Lift Li fte ech Ove verv rvie iew w
Topics Container Crane Overview Design Criteria Design Considerations Storm Wind Loads yna nam m c es espon ons se
Ter mi mina nall Cr Cr os oss s Se Sec ti tion on
Crane Operation
A-Frame
Articulated Boom
Low Profile
Operating
Stowed
Crane Size
Dual Hoist Tandem 40
Tri le 40
Typical Boom Sections Monogirder
Twin Girder
Crane Design Criteria Performance based design specification No “Building Code” Designed to 90% of yield for expected overloads Proof load = 125% of rated load
Fatigue and Reliability
Fati ue and Reliabilit
1.
Calculate Fatigue and Design for Specified Reliability
2.
Consider Details in Series
3.
Use Fatigue Tolerant Details
Damage Tolerant Design The allowable damage in all specifications assumes a probability of failure of about 2.5%. BS 7608 assumes a probability 2.3%. This is based on: Typical Design Reliability 0.9986 0.9773 0.8423
y t i l i b a i l e R
0.5000
Normal Gaussian Distribution
0.0000
Mean
1d
2d
3d
d = 1 standard deviation
LIFTECH
CONSULTANTS
INC.
By
PWM
Approved
AB
Structural Details Members in Series
RELIABILITY OF SYSTEM SHALL BE CALCULATED BY DETERMINING THE RELIABILITY “D” OF EACH LINK INCLUDING ALL CONNECTION DETAILS AND CALCULATING THE RELIABILITY OF THE SYSTEM USING: DSYSTEM = D A x D B x D C … D N
FOR EXAMPLE, THE RELIABILITY OF LINK A IS D = D1 x D2 x D3 x D4 x D5 x D6 x D7 x D8 THE VALUES OF D i ARE FOUND FROM TABLE FOR EACH R i .
Reliability – Consider Details in Series
TYPICAL FORESTAY EXAMPLES
NOTICE WHEN R < 0.4, D = 1 AND WHEN THE CALCULATED STRESS RANGE IS < 0.74 X ALLOWABLE STRESS RANGE, R < 0.4.
NOTES: HOLE CLASS F MAY BE USED FOR AVERAGE STRESS OR D ETAIL MAY BE ANALYZED USING ST RESS CONCETRATIONFACTOR.
Through Thickness Joint Material Requirement For plates and sections subjected to roug c ness stresses, the material shall comply , Plate with specified through thickness .
Weld Requirement FOR COMPONENTS CARRYING CALCULATED AXIAL STRESS FOR FCMS: THE THROUGH THICKNESS, YIELD, DUCTILITY, AND CVN PROPERTIES SHALL COMPLY WITH THE REQUIREMENTS FOR IN PLANE TENSION PLATES.
UT 100% FILLET SIZE t/4
t
LEAST AWS MIN.
U.T. TO CHECK FOR LAMELLAR TEARS BEFORE WELDING AND 36 HOURS AFTER WELDING.
Wind Loads
Hurricane Katrina. Source: www.nhc.noaa.gov
Wind Tunnel Testing Dynamic response factor
Wind Tunnel Tests Typical results
Wind Tunnel Liftech quat ons
Force
0
45
90
135
Angle of Attack
180
Crane Securing Components –
towage
n
e- own
Tie-downs
Stowage Pin System
Hurricane Wind Failures
Wharf Hardware Wharf connection may fail due to improper design …
… fabrication
Typical Failure Modes: Fabrication
Dynamic Response
Design for Tipping
Design for Ductile Yielding
Design For Isolation Isolation Between Lower Leg and Portal
Liftech
Isolation Detail Isolation Between Lower Leg and Portal Beam
Hotel in China
Summary
Container Crane Design STEER March 2007
This presentation is available for download .
Erik Soderberg, S.E. Liftech Consultants Inc.
.
Dynamic Response Low Profile Study: Significant Modes for EQ Motion T = 1.39 sec
T = 3.89 sec
Y
Z
X
Z
X
EQ Loads - Crane Seismic Response 2
0
One leg lifts 15
1
0
t n e
With Tiedowns
5
e v o M 0
0
1
0
2
0
3
0
4
0
5
0
6
0
7
0
8
0
-5
-1
0
-1 5
-2
0
Time
Without Tiedowns
Response to Gantry
Primar Mode Shape
Undeflected Shape
Poorly-Tuned Gantry Drive Upper Works Sill
Displacement 1T
Gantry Acceleration n o i t a r e l c c A
d e p S
Time
1T
.
1.5T
2T
.
2T
2.5T
Upper Works Sill .
.
Greatest Response—Acceleration Ends at a Half Period, (n +0.5)T
Well-Tuned Gantry Drive Response Upper Works Sill
Displacement
Gantry Acceleration t n e m e c a l p s i D
d e e S
Time
1T
2T
Upper Works Sill Time
1T
2T
Smallest Response—Acceleration Time is a Multiple of Crane Period, nT