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Article II, Sec. 28 (Policy of Full Public Disclosure)
Legaspi vs. Civil Service Commission No. L-72119 !y 29, 1987 Cortes:
Facts: Petitio" Petitio"er er #!le"ti" !le"ti" L. Le$!s%i Le$!s%i &les for !"'!us !"'!us to co%el co%el res%o"' res%o"'e"t e"t i*il i*il Ser*ice Ser*ice ois oissi sio" o" to rele! rele!se se i"for i"for!t !tio" io" o" t+e t+e ci*il ci*il ser*ic ser*ice e eli$ib eli$ibili ilitie ties s of %erso" %erso"s s e%loy e%loye' e' !s s!"it!ri!"s (uli!" Sibo"$+!"oy !"' !ri!"o A$!s) i" t+e e!lt+ De%!rte"t of ebu ity. S/ co"te"'s t+!t %etitio"er +!s "o locus st!"'i"$ !s +e f!ile' to s+o0 +is !ctu!l i"terest. +e ourt rule' +o0e*er t+!t t+e %etitio" o" !"'!us is !"c+ore' u%o" t+e ri$+t of t+e %eo%le for i"for!tio" o" !tters of %ublic co"cer" 0+ic+ is ! %ublic ri$+t. 1. +e %etitio"er bei"$ ! citie" (+e"ce, %!rt of t+e %ublic) 0!rr!"ts st!"'i"$ i" +is %!rt3 !"' 2. +e St!te !"' its !$e"ts !re !"'!te' by t+e o"stitutio" by *irtue of Sec. 7 Article III !"' Sec. 28, Article II.
Issue: 4N res%o"'e"t s+oul' rele!se t+e i"for!tio". Held: 5es. +e co"stitutio"!l co"stitutio"!l ri$+t to i"for!tio" i"for!tio" o" !tters of of %ublic i"for!tio" i"for!tio" is $rou"'e' $rou"'e' o" Sec. 7, Article III !"' Sec. 28, Article II of t+e 1987 o"stitutio". +ese !re self-e6ecutory. I" t+e c!se !t b!r, t+e $o*er"e"t !$e"cy i*il Ser*ice oissio" 'oes "ot +!*e t+e 'iscretio" to %ro+ibit t+e !ccess to i"for!tio" sou$+t. It o"ly +!s t+e !ut+ority to re$ul!te re$ul!te t+e !""er !""er of e6!i"!tio" e6!i"!tio" (e.$. (e.$. e"suri"$ e"suri"$ t+!t t+e recor' recor's s !re "ot '!!$e' or 'estroye'). +ese co"stitutio"!l co"stitutio"!l $u!r!"tees, +o0e*er, !re "ot !bsolute !s t+ey !re subect to t+e liit!tio"s !s !y be %ro*i'e' by l!0 (Art. III Sec. 7 2 "' se"te"ce). +e i"for!tio" i"for!tio" sou$+t ust be "ot be e6e%te' by l!0. I" t+e c!se !t b!r, t+e i"for!tio" is 0it+i" t+e e"uer!tio"s %ro*i'e' by l!0. 4+y: o0; 1. t+e i"for!t i"for!tio" io" sou$+t sou$+t rel!tes rel!tes to ! %ublic %ublic os ri$+t to ?"o0 0+o !re, !"' 0+o !re "ot ci*il ser*ice eli$ible3 !"' @. i*il i*il ser*ice ser*ice e6!s e6!s results results !re !re rele!se' rele!se' i" t+e %ublic %ublic.. •
•
Ratio: /o*er"e"t !$e"cies suc+ !s t+e i*il Ser*ice oissio" 'o "ot +!*e t+e 'iscretio" i" refusi"$ 'isclosure of, or !ccess to, i"for!tio" of %ublic co"cer". 4+!t is 0it+i" t+e bou"'s of t+e !$e"cies t+e"; +ey still +!*e t+e !ut+ority to re$ul!te t+e !""er of e6!i"i"$ %ublic recor's. +e !ut+ority to re$ul!te re$ul!te t+e !""er of e6!i"i"$ %ublic recor's recor's 'oes "ot c!rry 0it+ it t+e %o0er to %ro+ibit. 'isti"ctio" bet0ee" 'iscretio": 'iscretio": %ro+ibitio" %ro+ibitio" !"' !ut+ority to +e ourt %ro*i'e' ! 'isti"ctio" re$ul!te. o =efus!l to 'isclose o"ly t+e Le$isl!ture !y i%ose (Sec. , Article III) o Aut+or Aut+ority ity to re$ul re$ul!te !te t+e !""er !""er of e6!i e6!i"!t "!tio" io" 'o"e by $o*er"e"t $o*er"e"t !$e"cy 0+ic+ +!s t+e custo'y of %ublic recor's.
I" c!se of 'e"i!l by t+e !$e"cy, it ust %ro*e t+!t t+e i"for!tio" is "ot of %ublic co"cer co"cer" " or if it is of %ublic %ublic co"cer" co"cer",, it is 0it+i" 0it+i" t+e e6e% e6e%tio tio"s "s (e.$. (e.$. "!tio" "!tio"!l !l security). Furt+er, e*ery 'e"i!l is subect to re*ie0 by courts.
Is t+e i"for!tio" sou$+t by t+e %etitio"er co"si'ere' %ublic co"cer": i"terest 0it+i" t+ose e"tio"e' i" t+e !rticles; 5BSC co"stitutio"!l $u!r!"tees !re !re "ot !bsolute !bsolute !s t+e l!0 !y e6e%t e6e%t cert!i" ty%es +e co"stitutio"!l of i"for!tio" fro %ublic scruti"y suc+ !s t+ose !ecti"$ "!tio"!l security. +ere is "o ri$i' test !s t+e ter %ublic co"cer": i"terest is bro!'. It is for t+e courts courts to 'eter 'eteri" i"e e if t+e i"for i"for!t !tio" io" f!lls f!lls 0it+i" 0it+i" %ubli %ublic c co"cer co"cer" " or %ubl %ublic ic i"terest. Legal historical background of the right to public information =i$+t to i"for!tio" o" !tters of %ublic co"cer" &rst $!i"e' reco$"itio" i" t+e 197@ o"stitutio" (Sectio" of Article I#-Eill of =i$+ts). +is 0!s ret!i"e' by Article III Sectio" 7 of t+e 1987 o"stitutio". Furt+er, Furt+er, suc+ $u!r!"tee 0!s e"+!"ce' 0it+ t+e !'o%tio" of Sectio" 18, Article II (Policy of Full Public Disclosure).
