LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM FISIKA EKSPERIMEN DIFRAKSI ELEKTRON
Disusun Oleh Nama
:Tahayati Ichsan
Nim
: 1403119348
Tanggal nggal Perc Percoba obaan an : 24 Novemb November er 2016 2016 Dosen
: Drs !al"re# Tamb$nan% &'i
JURUSAN FISIKA FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS RIAU 2016
Di"ra(si )le(tron
1 T$*$an +ra(ti($m
Menelii si!" ele#$%n se&"'"i ("$i)el *"n se&"'"i 'el%+&"n' *en'"n #"$" +en'"$"h)"n sin"$ ele#$%n )e"$"h K$is"l sehin''" +en'"l"+i ($%ses *i!$")si *"n h"sil *i!$")sin," *"(" *ienu)"n si!"-si!" sin"$ ele#$%n e$se&u. 2 ,lat #an bahan • • • • •
1 uni T"&un' sin"$ ele#$%n 1 uni +uli+ee$ 1 uni (%/e$ su((l, e'"n'"n in''i Mis"$ (l"si# K"&el-)"&el ,"n' *i&uuh)"n 3 Teori Dasar
31 Di"ra(si )le(tron
Kei)" *ielii )e+&"li )elih""nn," "'") '"nil &"h/" se)i"$ *u" (uluh "hun &e$l"lu "n"$" (ene+u"n ("$i)el *"$i 'el%+&"n' *"l"+ "hun 10 *"n s(e)ul"si &"h/" ("$i)el *"(" +enunu))"n si!" 'el%+&"n' *"l"+ "hun 123. N"+un4 h"$us *is"*"$i +en'usul)"n su"u hi(%esis $e5%lusi%ne$ unu) +ene$"n')"n *"" ,"n' "*in," (enuh +ise$i "*"l"h l"in *en'"n +en'"u)"n hi(%esis ,"n' s"+" s"+" $e5%lusi%ne$ *"l"+ )ei""*"n +"n*"e e)s(e$i+en"l ,"n' )u". H"l )e*u" inil"h ,"n' *il")u)"n *e 7$%'lie ("*" "hun 123 )ei)" i" +en'usul)"n &"h/" +"e$i +e+(un,"i si!" 'el%+&"n' *is"+(in' ("$i)el. I)li+ inele)u"l ,"n' *ii+&ul)"n %leh (en'e$i"n ,"n' *i"u)"n *e 7$%'lie ,"n' se'e$" +en"$i) (e$h"i"n ("*" (e$+ul""n "&"* iu4 s"n'" &e$&e*" *en'"n e%$i )u"u+ ,"n' *i"u)"n %leh (l"n) *"n Einsein ,"n' h"+(i$ i*") +eni+&ul)"n $e")si /"l"u(un *i*u)un se#"$" e+(i$is. Ke&e$"*""n 'el%+&"n' *e 7$%'lie se#"$" e)s(e$i+en"l *i unu))"n %$"n' *"l"+ "hun 1284 *"n ($insi( *u"li"s ,"n' *in,"")"nn," +e$u(")"n ii) ("n')"l *"$i (e$)e+&"n'"n +e)"ni)" )u"nu+ %leh s#h$%*in'e$ *"l"+ "hun "hun &e$i)un,". P"*" "hun 128 e$"*i e)s(e$i+en *"5iss%n *"n 'e$+e$ ,"n' *ise&"&)"n %leh hi(%es" *e 7$%'lie en"n' *i!$")si ele)$%n. Di!$")si +e$u(")"n (e$isi/" (en,e&"$"n ""u (e+&el%)"n #"h"," ("*" s"" +elin"s +el"lui #el"h ""u uun' (en'h"l"n' ""u &i"s" *i)"")"n &"h/" *i!$")si (elenu$"n #"h"," %leh e(i"n su"u &en*" )e*"(4 e$"*i i)" se&u" &en*" ,"n' i*") e+&us ("n*"n' 9)e*"(:
*ile"))"n *i "n"$" su+&e$ #"h"," *"n l","$ se*e+i)i"n $u(" sehin''" &en*" iu +en,is"h)"n e+(" unu) *ile/"i %leh #"h"," *"$i su+&e$ sehin''" "uh )e l","$. Di!$")si +e$u(")"n +e%*e ,"n' un''ul unu) +e+"h"+i "(" ,"n' e$"*i ("*" le5el "%+is *"$i su"u +"e$i"l )$is"lin. Sin"$ ;4 ele)$%n *"n neu$%n +e+ili)i ("n"n' 'el%+&"n' ,"n' se&"n*in' *en'"n *i+ensi "%+i) sehin''" $"*i"si sin"$ e$se&u s"n'" #%#%) unu) +en'in5esi'"si 9(en,eli*i)"n *"n (enelii"n en"n' su"u +"s"l"h *en'"n #"$" +en'u+(ul)"n *"" *il"("n'"n: +"e$i"l K$is" lin. Te)ni) *i!$")si +en'e)s(l%i"si 9+en'us"h")"n: $"*i"si ,"n' e$("nul *"$i &e$&"'"i su+&e$ se(e$i "%+ *"n )el%+(%) "%+ *"l"+ )$is"l. A*" &e&e$"(" +"#"+ *i!$")si ,"n' *i(")"i *"l"+ su*i +"e$i"l ,"iu< *i!$")si sin"$ ;4 *i!$")si neu$%n9("$i)el ini "%+ ,"n' i*") &e$+u""n: *"n *i!$")si ele)$%n. N"+un ,"n' se)"$"n' u+u+ *i(")"i "*"l"h *i!$")si sin"$ ; *"n ele)$%n. D"$i +e%*e *i!$")si )i" *"(" +en'e"hui se#"$" l"n'sun' +en'en"i "$") $""-$"" "n"$ &i*"n' "%+. Ke+u*i"n )i" u'" *"(" +enenu)"n %$ien"si 9(enin"u"n: *"$i )$is"l un''"l. Se#"$" l"n'sun' +en*ee)si s$u)u$ )$is"l *"$i su"u +"e$i"l ,"n' &elu+ *i)e"hui )%+(%sisin,". Ke+u*i"n se#"$" i*") l"n'sun' +en'u)u$ u)u$"n4 &enu) *"n ine$n"l s$es *"$i su"u )$is"l. P$insi( *"$i *i!$")si e$"*i se&"'"i ")i&" *"$i ("nul"n el"sis ,"n' e$"*i )ei)" se&u"h sin"$ &e$ine$")si *en'"n se&u"h "$'e. P"nul"n ,"n' i*") e$"*i )ehil"n'"n ene$'i *ise&u ("nul"n el"sis 9el"si# s#"e$in':. Ele)$%n "*"l"h ("$i)el su&"%+ ,"n' &e$+u""n ne'"i! *"n u+u+n," *iulis se&"'"i e -. Ele)$%n i*") +e+ili)i )%+(%nen *"s"$ ""u(un su&s$u)u$ "("(un ,"n' *i)e"hui4 sehin''" i" *i(e$#","i se&"'"i ("$i)el ele+ene$. Ele)$%n +e+ili)i +"ss" se)i"$ 1=1>?6 +"ss" ($%%n. M%+enu+ su*u 9s(in: ins$insi) ele)$%n "*"l"h seen'"h nil"i ine'e$ *"l"+ s"u"n h ,"n' &e$"$i &"h/" i" e$+"su) !e$+i%n 9@"$" ""u ele#$%n4 ($%%n ""u neu$%n ,"n' +e+"uhi !un'si *is$i&usi Fe$+i-*i$e# *"l"+ (en*is$i&usi"nn,":. Ani("$i)el ele)$%n *ise&u se&"'"i (%si$%n9ele#$%n *en'"n +u""n (%sii!: ,"n' i*eni) *en'"n ele)$%n4 "(i &e$+u""n (%sii!. Kei)" se&u"h ele)$%n &e$u+&u)"n *en'"n (%si$%n4 )e*u"n," )e+un')in"n *"(" s"lin' &e$h"+&u$ ""u(un +usn"h
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se("s"n' 9""u le&ih: !%%n9)u"nu+ $"*i"si ele)$%+"'nei): sin"$ '"+"9sin"$ se&"'"i h"sil $"*i"si ele)$%+"'nei) ,"n' +e+(un,"i *"," $"+&" &es"$ se(e$i sin"$ &e$"s"l *"$i ini "%+ $"*i%")i!. T"&un' *i!$")si ele)$%n *i'un")"n unu) +e+(e$lih")"n (en'"$uh &e$)"s ele)$%n e$h"*"( P%l,#$is"line '$"(hie *"n )e&e$"*""n *"$i ele)$%n. E+isi ele)$%n *ih"sil)"n %leh sin"$ un''"l &e$u)u$"n )e#il *"$i ("n"s )"%*" ,"n' )elu"$ +el"lui (in *i"'!$"'+"4 ,"n'
se&elu+n," *i!%)us)"n %leh sise+ %(i). Ke"*i"n ,"n' s"n'" +en#%l%) ini *i&""si %leh &e$)"s sin"$ +%n%)$%+"i) ("*" l"(is"n P%l,#$is"line '$"(hie ,"n' +"n" su)u$ "%+ *isusun se(e$i )isi-)isi ,"n' *ise&u &en'"n *i!$")si )isi. Di!$")si ,"n' *ih"sil)"n ("*" l","$ (en*"$ &e$u(" *u" #in#in se(us" ,"n' *in,"")"n *en'"n *i!$")si ele)$%n. Di"+ee$ &e$u&"h-u&"h sesu"i *en'"n ("n"n' 'el%+&"n' ,"n' *ih"sil)"n %leh (e$#e(""n e'"n'"n ,"n' +"sin'-+"sin' *"$i )e*u" #in#in &e$(e*%+"n ("*" ("nul"n 7$"'' ("*" "%+ *i&i*"n' *""$ '$"(hie. P"nul"n &e$)"s ele)$%n *in,"")"n *en'"n (e$s"+""n 7$"'' ,"iu < 2d sinθ = nλ ………………………………….(1) *i+"n" < * < J"$") "n"$ )isi-)isi θ <
Su*u ("nul"n
λ <
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=
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r × d l
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d =
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I
I II
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d D
C
C sin θ=
CB d
d CB=d sin θ
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Den'"n #"$" ,"n' s"+" CD =d sin θ
Menu$u 7$"'' su("," e$"*i *i!$")si ,"n' +en'h"sil)"n ine$!e$ensi +")si+u+ ("*" l","$ "*"l"h< CB+ CD =n . λ
d sin θ + d sin θ =n . λ
2 d sin θ =n . λ
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1. V e$h"*"(
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3
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4
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