LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM TEKNIK PERAWATAN Las Listrik Dosen Pembimbing : Dr. Ir. Bintang Ihwan Moehady, M.Sc
Kelompok/Kelas : VII / 2A-TKPB Nama: 1. Salma Lska
NIM : 1!1"2"#2$ 1!1"2"#2$
2. 2. S%a&'(a )%assa(
NIM : 1!1"2"#2*
+. +. S(,a P,' Ka'sma
NIM : 1!1"2"##*
Ta(al P'ak,km: 2$ e&'a' 2#1$ Ta(al Pe(mpla( P'ak,km: 0 Ma'e, 2#1$
PROGRM S!"DI DIPLOM I# !$%&I% %IMI PROD"%SI B$RSI' ("R"S& !$%&I% %IMI POLI!$%&I% &$G$RI B&D"&G !'"& )*+
BB I P$&D'"L"& +.+ Latar Be-akang
Pe(elasa( a( pemo,o(a( me'paka( pe(e'aa( 3a( ama, pe(,( alam ,ek(olo p'oks e(a( &a%a( &ak loam. 4a' pe',ama pe'kem&a(a((3a sa(a, pesa, ,ela% &a(3ak ,ek(olo &a' 3a( ,emka(. Se%(a &ole% ka,aka( %amp' ,ak aa loam 3a( apa, po,o( a( las e(a( 5a'a-5a'a 3a( aa paa 6ak, (. Be'asa'ka( e7(s a' 4IN 84e,5% I(s,'e No'me(9 las aala% ka,a( me,al' paa sam&(a( loam paa( 3a( laksa(aka( alam keaaa( lme' a,a 5a'. 4a' e7(s ,e'se&, apa, a&a'ka( le&% la(, &a%6a las aala% sam&(a( se,empa, a' &e&e'apa &a,a( loam e(a( me((aka( e(e' pa(as. Paa 6ak, ( ,ela% pe'(aka( le&% a' "# e(s pe(elasa( ,e'mask pe(elasa( 3a( laksa(aka( e(a( 5a'a me(eka( a loam 3a( sam&( se%(a ,e'a ka,a( a(,a'a a,oma,om molekl a' loam 3a( sam&(ka(.
+.) !/an Percobaan 1. Me(e,a% pe'ala,a( a( pe'le(kapa( las ls,'k 2. Mema%am a( apa, me(op'aska( mes( las e(a( &e(a' +. Me(e', se,ap kompo(e(-kompo(e( a( 7(s(3a ". Mamp me(e'aka( pe(3am&(a( a,a pe(empela( loam &es e(a( las ls,'k !. Me(e,a% poss 3a( ,epa, paa saa, pe(elasa(
BB II L&DS& !$ORI
).+ Dasar !eori
Las &s' ls,'k mm(3a se&, las ls,'k aala% sala% sa, 5a'a me(3am&( loam e(a( ala( me((aka( (3ala &s' ls,'k 3a( a'a%ka( ke pe'mkaa( loam 3a( aka( sam&(. Paa &aa( 3a( ,e'ke(a &s' ls,'k ,e'se&, aka( me(5a' emka( a elek,'oa 3a( me(%aslka( &s' ls,'k aka( me(5a' paa ((3a a( me'am&a, ,e's sampa %a&s. Loam 5a' a' elek,'oa a( a' se&aa( &e(a 3a( aka( sam&( ,e'5amp' a( me(s 5ela% a' kea loam 3a( aka( sam&( kema( mem&ek a( ,e'sam&(la% kea loam ,e'se&,. 8Wkpea 2#1$9 Aa &e&e'apa ma5am p'oses 3a( apa, olo(ka( kaalam p'oses Ias Is,'k a(,a'a la( 3a, :
Las Ls,'k e(a( Elek,'oa Ka'&o( Msal(3a: Las ls,'k e(a( elek,'oa ka'&o( ,(al. Las ls,'k e(a( elek,'oa ka'&o( a(a. Las Ls,'k 4e(a( Elek,'oa Loam msal((3a: Las-ls,'k e(a( elek,'oa &e'selap, Las ls,'k TI) 8T(s,e( I(e', )as9 Las Is,'k s&me'e
).+.+ Prinsi0 %er/a Las Listrik
Paa asa'(3a las ls,'k 3a( me((aka( elek,'oa ka'&o( map( loam me((aka( ,e(aa ls,'k se&aa sm&e' pa(as. Bs' ls,'k 3a( ,e'a a(,a'a ( elek,'oa a( &e(a ke'a apa, ma(5apa ,empe'a,' ,( 3a( apa, melele%ka( se&aa( &a%a( me'paka( pe'kala( a(,a'a ,ea(a( ls,'k 8E9 e(a( ka, a's 8I9 a( 6ak, 8,9 3a( (3a,aka( alam sa,a( pa(as ole a,a kalo' sepe', 'ms &a6a% ( : '1$2I2t
ma(a : ; < pa(as alam sa,a( ole
E < ,ea(a( ls,'k alam =ol, I < ka, a's alam ampe' , < 6ak, alam e,k 8K'2#1+9 ).+.) (enis Las Listrik
A. Las Ls,'k 4e(a( Elek,'oa Ka'&o( Bs' ls,'k 3a( ,e'a a(,a'a ( elek,'oa ka'&o( a( loam a,a a(,a'a a ( elek,'oa ka'&o( aka( mema(aska( a( me(5a'ka( loam 3a( aka( las. Se&aa &a%a( ,am&a% apa, paka elek,'oa e(a( 7lks a,a elek,'oa 3a( &e'selap, 7lks. 8K'2#1+9
B. Las Ls,'k 4e(a( Ekk,'oa Be'selap, 8 SMAW 9 Las ,s,'k ( me((aka( alek,'oa &e'selap, se&aa &a%a( ,am&a%. Bs' ls,'k 3a( ,e'a a(,a'a ( elek,'oa a( &a%a( asa' aka( me(5a'ka( ( elek,'oa a( se&aa( &a%a( asa'. Selap, elek,'oa 3a( ,', ,e'&aka' aka( me(5a' a( me(%aslka( as 3a( mel(( ( elek,'oa ka6a% Ias &s' Is,' a( ae'a% Ias sek,a' &s' ls,'k ,e'%aap pe(a'% a'a la'. >a'a( selap, elek,'oa 3a( mem&ek aka( me(,p pe'mkaa( Ias 3a( a &e'7(s se&aa pel(( ,e'%aap pe(a'% la'. )am&a' &a6a% ( aala% s'k, Ias ls,'k e(a( elek,'oa &e'selap, ma(a ) aala% sm&e' ,e(aa a's sea'a% a( elek,'oa %&(ka( ke ,e'm(al (ee,7 sea( &a%a( ke ,e'm(al pos,7. 8K'2#1+9
4alam )am&a'. 4&a6a% ( ,(kka( pem(a%a( 5a'a( loam a' elek,'oa ke &a%a( asa' ma(a as a' pem&aka'a( selap, elek,'oa mel(( ae'a% (.
Las Is,'k TI) me((aka( elek,'oa 6ol7'am 3a( &ka( me'paka( &a%a( ,am&a%. Bs' ls,'k 3a( ,e'a a(,a'a ( elek,'oa 6ol7'am a( &a%a( asa' aala% ma'paka( sm&e' pa(as (,k pe(elasa(. T,k 5a' a' alek,'oa 6ol7'am seemka( ,((3a sampa +"1#o7 se%(a ,ak k, me(5a' paa saa, ,e'a &s' ls,'k. Ta(ka Ias le(kap a(a( (osel ke'amk (,k pe(3em&' as pel(( 3a( mel(( ae'a% Ias a' pe(a'% la' paa saa, pa(elasa(. 8K'2#1+9 Se&aa &a%a( ,am&a% paka elek,'oa ,a(pa selap, 3a( e'akka( a( eka,ka( ke &s' l','k 3a( ,e'a a(,a'a elek,'oa 6ol7'am e(a( &a%a( asa'. Se&aa as pel(( paka a'o( %elm a,ea 5amp'a( a' kea as ,e'se&, 3a( pemekaa((3a ,e'a(,( a' e(s loem 3a( aka( las.Ta(ka las TI) &asa(3a ((ka( e(a( a' 3a( &e's'klas. P'oses Ias ls,'k TI) ,(kka( paa )am&a' &a6a% (. 8K'2#1+9
>. LAS MI) 8 METAL INERT )AS 9 Las MI) aala% pe(elasa( e(a( me((aka( as (3ala 3a( %aslka( &e'asal a' &s' (3ala ls,'k paka se&aa pe(5a' me,al 3a( las a( me,al pe(am&a% 4se&, a e(a( Sol W'e. Se&aa pel(( oksas paka as pel(( &e'pa as kekal 8(e',9 >O2 a( A'5al 21. 4a( a W'e eee' &e'7(s mem,a' elek,'oa me(l' kela' paa saa, p'oses pe(elasa( &e'la(s(. MI) (aka( (,k me(elas &es a,a &aa sea(ka( as pel(((3a aala% me((aka( Ka'&o( o?a >O2. 4 alam loam as mla ka6a, las MI) 3a( (aka( &e'7(s se&aa elek,'oa 3a( mpamaka( ,e's me(e's. Bs' ls,'k(3a p( ,e'a a(,a'a ka6a, pe(s a( loam (k. )as pel(( ,e'se&, aala% as a'o( %elm 3a( a &sa 5amp' kea(3a. 4a( (,k me(e,apka( &s' ,e'kaa( ,em&akka( as O2 a' 2@ sampa !@ a,ap( >O2 a(,a'a !@ sampa 2#@. 4e(a( &a(3ak(3a pe((aa( las MI) sa(a, me((,(ka(. ka'e(a %al-%al 3a( se&a&ka( ole% pe(elasa( ( sa(a, &ak. 8Se,a6a( 2#1+9 ).+.3
P$&G%"!"B& $L$%!ROD
A. Pe(k,&a( La(s( Paa pe(k,&a( la(s( ka&el elek,'oa pasa( Paa ,e'm(al (ea,7 a( ka&el massa paa ,e'm(al pos,7. Pe(k,&a( la(s( se'( se&, se&ea s'k, las ls,'k e(a( elek,'oa (ea,7. 84>-9. 8K'2#1+9
B. Pe(k,&a( Te'&alk U(,k pe(k,&a( ,e'&alk ka&el elek,'oa pasa( paa ,e'm(al pos,7 a( ka&el massa pasa( paa ,e'm(al (ea,=e. Pe(k,&a( ,e'&alk se'( se&, s'k, las ls,'k e(a( elek,'oa pos,7 84>9
>. Pa(a'% Pe(k,&a( Paa ;asl Las Peml%a( e(s a's map( pe(k,&a( paa pa(elasa( &e'a(,( kepaa :
e(s &a%a( asa' 3a( aka( las
e(s elek,'oa 3a( pe'(aka(
Pe(a'% pe(k,&a( paa %asl las aala% paa pe(em&sa( las(3a. Pe(k,&a( la(s( aka( me(%aslka( pe(em&sa( 3a( a(kal sea(ka( Paa pe(k,&a( ,e'&alk aka( ,e'a se&elk(3a. Paa a's &olak-&alk pe(em&sa( 3a( %aslka( a(,a'a kea(3a.
).+.4
Pesawat Las rs Bo-ak5Ba-ik 678
A. Pesa6a, Las A's Bolak-Balk 8A>9 Ma5am-ma5am pesa6a, las ( sepe', T'a(s7o'ma,o' las pem&a(k, ls,'k mo,o' esel a,a mo,o' &e(s(. T'a(s7o'ma,o' las 3a( ke&a(3aka( (aka( (s,'-(s,' memp(3a kapas,as 2## sampa !## ampe'. Pesa6a, las ( sa(a, &a(3ak paka ka'e(a &a3a ope'as(3a 3a( 'e(a% samp( %a'a(3a 3a( 'ela,7 m'a%. Vol,ase kela' a' pesa6a, ,'a(s7o'ma,o' ( a(,a'a +* sampa $# =ol,. B. Pesa6a, Las A's Sea'a% 84>9 Pesa6a, las a's sea'a% ( apa, &e'pa pesa6a, ,'a(s7o'ma,o' 'e5,7e' pem&a(k, ls,'k mo,o' esel a,a mo,o' &e(s( map( pesa6a, pem&a(k, ls,'k 3a( e'akka( ole% mo,o' ls,'k. Sala% sa, e(s a' pesa6a, las a's sea'a% 3a, pesa6a, pem&a(k, ls,'k 3a( e'akka( ole% mo,o' ,s,'k 8mo,o' e(e'a,o'9 >. Pesa6a, Las A>-4>. Pesa6a, las ( me'paka( a&(a( a' pesa6a, las a's &olak-&alk a( a's sea'a%. 4e(a( pesa6a, ( aka( le&% &a(3ak kem(k(a( pemakaa((3a ka'e(a a's 3a( kela' apa, a's sea'a% map( a's &olak-&alk. Pesa6a, las e(s ( msal(3a ,'a(s7o'ma,o'-'e5,7e' map( pem&a(k, ls,'k mo,o' esel. ).+.9 -at5-at Bant Las
A. Ka&el Las Ka&el las &asa(3a &a, a' ,em&aa 3a( pl% a( &(ks a(a( ka'e, solas Ca( se&, ka&el las aa ,a ma5am 3a, :
ka&el elek,'oa aala% ka&el 3a( me(%&(ka( ,'a=o las/mes( las ke pemea( elek,'oa.
ka&el massa aala% ka&el 3a( me(%&(ka( masa a' mes( las ke &e(a ke'a.
ka&el ,e(aa aala% ka&el 3a( me(%&(ka( mes( las ke e(e'a,o' a,a ke PLN. Ka&el ( &asa(3a ,e'apa, paa pesa6a, las A> a,a A> - 4>.
U( 3a( ,ak &e'selap, a' elek,'oa ep, e(a( pemea( elek,'oa. Pemea( elek,'oa ,e'' a' ml, pe(ep, a( pea(a( 3a( &(ks ole% &a%a( pe(3eka,. Paa 6ak, &e'%e(, a,a selesa me(elas &aa( pea(a( 3a( ,ak &e'%&(a( e(a( ka&el a(,(ka( paa a(,(a( a' &a%a(
B. Pal Las Pal Ias (aka( (,k melepaska( a( me(ela'ka( ,e'ak las paa al' Ias e(a( ala( memklka( a,a me(o'eska( paa ae'a% las.Be'%a,-%a,la% mem&e's%ka( ,e'ak Ias e(a( pal Ias ka'e(a kem(k(a( aka( meme'5k ke ma,a a,a ke &aa( &aa( la((3a. 4. Klem Massa Klem massa aala% sa, ala, (,k me(%&(ka( ka&el massa ke &e(a ke'a. Basa(3a klem massa &a, a' &a%a( e(a( pe(%a(,a' ls,'k 3a( &ak sepe', Tem&aa aa' a's ls,'k apa, me(al' e(a( &ak klem massa ( le(kap e(a( peas 3a( ka,. Ca( apa, me(ep, &e(a ke'a e(a( &ak . Walap( emka( pe'mkaa( &e(a ke'a 3a( aka( ep, e(a( klem massa %a's &e's%ka( ,e'le&% a%l a' ko,o'a(-ko,o'a( sepe', ka'a, 5a, m(3ak. E. Ska, Ka6a, 4pe'(aka( (,k :
mem&e's%ka( &e(a ke'a 3a( aka( las
mem&e's%ka( ,e'ak Ias 3a( sa% lepas a' al' las ole% pkla( pal las.
. Ta( 8pe(ep,9 Pe(ep, 8,a(9 (aka( (,k memea( a,a mem(a%ka( &e(a ke'a 3a( mas% pa(as
BB III M$!ODOLOGI %$R(
3.+ -at dan Bahan
Ala, Mes( pemo,o( pla, &aa
Tope( las
Pla, &aa k'a( 82# ? !9 5m
Sa'( ,a(a(
Mes( las
Ka5a ma,a pe(ama(
Pal las
S,5k elek,'oe
Ta( pe(ep,
Elek,'oa
3.) Prosedr %er/a
Menyiapkan rangkaian alat mesin las
Memotong plat baja dengan ukuran 20 x 5 cm sebanyak 6 buah
Menyambungkan kabel las listrik ke sumber arus listrik AC
Mengatur benda kerja sesuai perencanaan sambungan (lihat tabel)
Menyambungkan kutub nega! ke benda kerja (logam yangakan dilasa)(dengan jepitan)
Menyambungkan elektroda ke kutub posi! (dengan pemegang elektroda)
Mengatur arus listrik sesuai dengan diamter elektroda dan ketebalan benda kerja
Menyalakan busur kerja
Menggerakkan elektroda dengan gerakan menarik atau gerakan maju mundur
Memukul terak hasil pengelasan sampai rontok
Melanjutkan proses pengelasan sampai hasil pengelasan " jalur las penuh dan rata
Mengulangi dengan cara yang sama untuk perencanaan sambungan yang lain
3.3 %ese-amatan %er/a
1. Pas,ka( ,empa, &eke'a ke'( a( ,ak ,e'lal semp,. 2. Pas,ka( aa ,ak(3a ala, pemaam ke&aka'a(. +. )(aka( sepa, &e'sol ka'e,sa'( ,a(a( ke'(ea'plmaske'%elm las a( sa7e,3 lass a( 5ela(a &e'&a%a( ,ak ma% ,e'&aka' sepe', 6ol/ka,(. ". Selama &eke'aloam 3a( aka( las smpa( papa( ke'( (,k me(5ea% %a(,a'a( ls,'k paa la(,a. !. Pas,ka( elek,'oa 3a( (aka( ke'(/,ak lem&a&. 0. a(a( me(3e(,% elek,'oa a(a( ,a(a( koso(. $. Tempa, &eke'a %a's &e&as a' &e(a 3a( ma% ,e'&aka' sepe', ka3plas,k as&a%a( kma. *. T,p p(, a( e(ela. D. Pas,ka( &e(a 3a( aka( las &e's% a' &a%a( 3a( ma% meleak/,e'&aka'. 1#. a%ka( ka&el a' pa(as 3a( se&a&ka( ole% elek,'oa.
BB I# P$MB'S& 4.+ Pembahasan
P'ak,km las ls,'k &e',a( (,k me(3am&( 2 &a% loam a,a le&% e(a( mema(7aa,ka( ,e(aa ls,'k se&aa sm&e' pa(as(3a. Pe(3am&(a( loam lakka( e(a( p'oses pema(asa( a,a pelme'a( ma(a &aa( loam 3a( aka( sam&( lele%ka( e(a( pa(as 3a( pe'ole% a' &s' (3ala ls,'k se%(a &aa( loam ,ak ma% psa%ka(. W'3osma',o a( Okm'a 82##"9 me(3e&,ka( &a%6a pe(elasa( aala% pe(3am&(a( se,empa, a' &e&e'apa &a,a( loam e(a( me((aka( e(e' pa(as. Pe'ala,a( mes( las ls,'k ,e'' a' mes( las pemea( elek,'oa pe(ep, masa a,a ,a( masa ala, &a(, a( ala, keselama,a( ke'a 8sepe',: ,ope( las sa'( ,a(a( kl,9. 1. Mes( las 4alam p'ak,km ( mes( 3a( (aka( aala% mes( las A> 8a's &olak &alk9 kele&%a((3a ka&el massa a( ka&el elek,'oa
apa, ,ka' (,k
mempe(a'% 3a( %aslka(. 2. Pemea( elek,'oa Baa( ,e'pe(,( a' pemea( elek,'oa aala% &aa( ml,(3a &aa( ( %a's &e's% aa' %am&a,a((3a ke5l se%(a &ak (,k me(al'ka( a's ls,'k. +. Pe(ep, masa a,a ,a( masa Baa( ( &e'7(s se&aa ala, (,k me(al'ka( a's ls,'k a' ka&el massa ke &e(a ke'a. ". Ala, &a(, >o(,o%: pal las 3a( &e'7(s (,k mem&e's%ka( ,e'ak 3a( ,e'a ak&a, p'oses pe(elasa( e(a( 5a'a memkl a,a me(o'es ,e'ak(3a ka saa, pkl ,e'ak me(a 'e,ak maka apa, smplka( &a%6a %asl pe(elasa( k'a( 'apa,. !. Ala, keselama,a( ke'a Aa' ' k,a ,e'l(( saa, p'oses pe(elasa( &e'la(s(. Paa saa, p'ak,km pe(elasa( lakka( (,k me(3am&( pla, &aa e(a( ! moel &e(,k sam&(a( 3a,: -
sam&(a( ,mpl sam&(a( T sam&(a( s,
-
sam&(a( ,mpa( sam&(a( ss
Paa saa, pe(elasa( pa'ame,e' pe(elasa( pe'l pe'%a,ka( ka'e(a &esa'(3a a's paa ala, a,' sesa e(a( ke,e&ala( &e(a ke'a a( ame,e' elek,'oa. Pemea( elek,'oa a( ,a( masa %a's &e(a'-&e(a' ke(5a( saa, ep,ka( paa elek,'oa a,a &e(a ke'a aa' p'oses pe(elasa( &e'ala( e(a( la(5a'. a'ak a(,a'a &e(a ke'a a( elek,'oa ,ak &ole% ,e'lal eka, ka'e(a ka ,e'lal eka, maka elek,'oa aka( me(empel paa &e(a ke'a a( &sa me(3e&a&ka( &e(a ke'a me(a &e'l&a( %al ,e'se&, apa, ,e'a ka'e(a pe(a'% ole% a's 3a( ,e'lal &esa' &e,p( ka elek,'oa ,e'lal a% maka %asl las aka( le&% kasa' a( ,ak me'a,a. 4alam pe(elasa( lakka( pe(a(aa( ,e'le&% a%l ,,k ( ,ap pe',ema( a(,a' pla, &aa aa' ke,ka k,a melakka( pe(elasa( kea pla, &aa ,e'se&, aka( am a( le&% ma% 'apa,ka( se%(a %asl(3a p( le&% &ak. Aap( se,ela% pe(elasa( apa, k,a e(a( pemkla( ,e'ak pla, &aa ka pkl ,ak ,e'a ke'e,aka( a,ap( pa,a% maka %asl pe(elasa( k,a sa% 5kp &ak. Pe(elasa( apa, ,e'a e(a( &ak ke,ka elek,'oa 3a( k,a (aka( %a's me(e(a kea pla, &aa 3a( aka( k,a las %al ,e'se&, aa' kea pla, &aa apa, ,e'pasa( se5a'a semp'(a. Ke5epa,a( pe(elesa( %a's pe'%a,ka( se%(a me(%aslka( '-' las 3a( 'a,a a( %als. Tak &ole%ka( '-' las 3a( &e'&e(,k e'a. ka ke'aka( ,e'lal 5epa, ak&a,(3a pe(e,'as &'k a( eak %asl pe(elasa( aka( ,e'l%a, aak me(o(ol. Se&alk(3a ka ,e'lal lam&a, maka 5a'a( elek,'oa aka( mele&a' a( aka( &e'&e(,k lekka( 3a( me(o(ol se',a ,ak eko(oms alam pemakaa( &a%a(. Ala, keselama,a( saa, p'oses pe(elasa( 6a& (aka( sepe', as la& (,k mel(( ,&% sa'( ,a(a( kl, (,k mel(( ,a(a( a' pe'5ka( ap a( ,ope( 6aa% (,k mel(( 6aa% a' pe'5ka( ap se',a mel(( ma,a a' 5a%a3a 3a( ,m&l paa p'oses pe(elasa( 3a( ,e'lal ,e'a( 3a( aka( me'sak ma,a.
BB # %$SIMP"L& D& SR&
9.+ %esim0-an
Pe(3am&(a( loam/ &es apa, ,e'a ka'e(a p'oses pe(elasa( e(a( 5a'a pema(asa( /pelele%a( a' &s' (3ala ls,'k se%(a loam apa, sa,ka(. Mes( las 3a( k,a (aka( aala% mes( las A> 8a's &olak &alk9 3a( mem&,%ka( a's ,ea(a( 5kp ,( se%(a ke,ka me((aka( elek,'oa ,ak &ole% ,e'lal eka, ka'e(a apa, mem&a, loam me(a &olo( a( ,e'lal a% ka'e(a apa, mem&a, %asl las 3a( ,ak 'a,a a( ,ak 'ap%. Ke,ka melakka( pe(elasa( poss %a's sea'a% e(a( a'a% a(( (,k me(%(a' ka ,e'a(3a pe'5ka( ap.
9.) Saran
Be'asa'ka( pe'5o&aa( 3a( lakka( p'ak,ka( apa, mem&e' sa'a(: 1.
Beke'a e(a( &e'%a,-%a, a( se's
2.
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