ASTM C31-19 Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the FieldFull description
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Laboratory Experiment No. 10
Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimen in the Field
A"ter the #a$orator% #a$orator% acti&ities acti&ities the students students should $e "amiliari'ed "amiliari'ed (ith (ith the standard method o" making and curing concrete test specimen in the "ield)
III. Equipment / Apparatu: • • • • • • • • • • •
Mi*ing pan Sho&el+ scoop ,eam mold ./ * !2/ ,eam mold ./ * ./ * !2/ Tamping rod+ &i$rator &i$r ator Slump Apparatus 1u$$er Mallet Sampling and mi*ing receptacle Air content content apparatus apparatus Temperature measuring de&ice Curing tank
I!. "roce#ure:
!) 1ecord 1ecord the identi" identi"icat ication ion o" the sample sample (ith respec respectt to the location location o" the concrete represented and the time o" casting) 2) Compres Compressi&e si&e strengt strength h specimens specimens shall shall $e c%linde c%linders rs and allo(ed allo(ed to set in an upright position) The length shall $e t(ice the diameter) The c%linder diameter shall $e at least three times the nominal ma*imum si'e o" the coarse aggregates) 3) Fle*ural Fle*ural Strength Strength specimen specimen shall shall $e $eams $eams o" concrete concrete $e at least least 0 mm 2 inch greater than three times depth as tested) The ratio o" (idth to depth as molded shall not e*ceed !)) The standard $eam shall $e !2
%$ 4) )
.)
8)
;)
=)
!2 mm . $% . inches in cross section) hen the nominal ma*imum si'e o" the $eam shall $e at least three times the nominal ma*imum si'e o" the coarse aggregates) nless re5uired $% pro6ect speci"ication $eams made in the "ield shall not ha&e a (idth or depth o" less than . inches) Measure and record the slump o" each $atch o" concrete "rom (hich specimen is made immediatel% a"ter remaining in the receptacle) 7etermine and record the air content either $% pressure method or $% &olumetric method) The concrete used in per"orming the air content test shall not $e used in "a$ricating test specimen) Mould specimens promptl% in on a le&el rigid hori'ontal sur"ace "ree "rom &i$ration and other distur$ances at a place as near as practica$le to the location (here the% are to $e stored) 9lace the concrete in the molds using a scoop $lunted concrete "rom the mi*ing pan to ensure that it is representati&e o" the $atch) 1emi* the concrete in the mi*ing pan (ith a sho&el"ul to pre&ent segregation during molding o" specimens) Mo&e the scoop Tro(el or sho&el around the perimeter o" the mold opening (hen adding concrete so the concrete in uni"orml% distri$uted (ithin each la%er (ith a minimum segregation) :n placing the "inal la%er the operation shall attempt to add an amount o" concrete that (ill e*actl% "ill the mold a"ter compaction) nder "illed mold shall $e ad6usted (ith respecti&e concrete during consolidation o" the top la%er) O&er"illed molds shall ha&e e*cess concrete remo&ed) 9reparation o" satis"actor% specimens re5uires di""erent methods o" consolidation) The methods o" consolidation are rodding and &i$ration) ,ase the selection o" the method o" consolidation o" the slump unless the method is started in the speci"ication under (hich the control is $eing per"ormed) 1od or &i$rate concretes (ith slump greater than 2 mm ! inch) 2in> top sur"ace area o" the specimen) 1od the $ottom la%er throughout its depth) 7istri$ute the strokes uni"orml% o&er the crosssection o" the mold) For each la%er allo( the rod to penetrate through the la%er $eing rodded and into the la%er $elo( appro*imatel% 2 mm ! inch) A"ter each la%er is ro$$ed tap the outside o" the mold lightl% !0-! times
(hile the mallet to close an% hose le"t $% the rodding and to release an% large air $u$$les that ma% ha&e $een trapped) !0)Maintain a uni"orm time period "or the duration o" &i$ration "or particular kind o" concrete &i$rator specimen mold in&ol&ed) The duration o" the &i$ration re5uired (ill depend upon the (orka$ilit% o" the concrete and e""ecti&eness o" the &i$rator) suall% the su""icient &i$rator has $een applied as soon as the sur"ace o" the concrete has $ecome relati&el% small and large air $u$$les cease to $reak through the sur"ace) Continue &i$ration onl% long enough to achie&e proper consolidation o" the concrete) Fill the molds and &i$rates in the re5uired num$er o" appro*imatel% e5ual la%er) 9lace all the concrete "or each la%er in the mold $e"ore starting &i$ration o" the la%er) Compacting the specimen insert the &i$rator slo(l% and do not allo( it to rest on the $ottom or side o" the mold) Slo(l% (ithdra( the &i$rator so that no large air pockets are le"t in the specimen) hen pacing the "inal la%er a&oid o&er"illing $% more than .mm ? inch) !!) A"ter consolidation strike o"" e*cess concrete "rom the sur"ace and "loat or tro(el it as re5uired) 9er"orm all "inishing (ith minimum manipulation necessar% to produce a "lat e&e sur"ace that is le&el (ith the rim or edge o" the mold and that has no depressions or tro(el or similar de&ice) !2):mmediatel% a"ter $eing stuck o"" specimens shall $e mo&ed to the storage place (here the% (ill remain undistur$ed "or the initial curing period) :F specimens made in single- use mold are mo&ed li"t and support the specimens "rom the $ottom o" the molds (ith a larger tro(el or similar de&ice) !3):mmediatel% a"ter moulding and "inishing the specimens shall $e stored "or a period up to 4; hours in a temperature range "rom !. to 28 @c and : en&ironment pre&ent moisture loss "rom the specimens) For concrete mi*tures (ith a speci"ied strength o" 40 M9a .000 psi or grater the initial curing temperature shall $e $et(een 20 to 2. .; to 8; @F) !4)For c%linders upon completion i" initial curing and (ithin 30 minutes a"ter remo&ing the molds cure specimens (ith "ree (ater maintained on their sur"aces at all times at temperature o" 23B 2@C 83B3@F !)For $eams $eams are to $e cured the same as c%linders e*cept that the% shall $e stored in (ater saturated (ith calcium h%dro*ide at 23B2@C 83B3@F at least 20 hours prior to testing) 7r%ing o" the sur"aces shall $e pre&ented $et(een remo&al "rom (ater storage and completion o" testing) !.)9rior to transporting cure and pro6ect specimens) Specimens shall not $e transported until at least ; hours a"ter "inal set) 7uring transporting protect the specimen (ith suita$le cushioning material to pre&ent damage "rom 6arring) 9re&ent moisture loss during transportation $% (rapping the
specimens in plastic (et $urlap $% surrounding them (ith (et sand tight "illing plastic caps on plastic molds) !8)1ecord the "ollo(ing 7ate time and name o" indi&idual moulding specimens slump air content and concrete temperature) !;)Take photographs "or documentation) !. I$$utration:
%i&ure 10.1:9reparing the materials needed "or the e*periment)
%i&ure 10.): Mi*ing the cement (ith aggregates)
%i&ure 10.': eighing o" gra&el dr% sand and cement)
%i&ure 10.(: ater added in the mi*ture)
%i&ure 10.,: Mi*ing $% sho&eling method)
%i&ure 10.-: Filling the c%linder mold (ith concrete mi*ture)
%i&ure 10.: %i&ure Measuring 10.: Curing the slump o" concrete) o" the concrete mi*ture)
!I. *ata/ +a$cu$ation:
Ta$le !!).-! 7ata "or Making D Curing o" Concrete Specimen 7ate Time
Eame o" indi&idual molding specimens
Slump Air content Concrete temperature Curing method
