Chapter
1
Historical and Contemporary Nursing Practice Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, 8e
Pretest Which of the following women made significant contributions to the nursing care of soldiers during the Civil War? Select all that apply. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Harriet Tubman Florence Nightingale Fabiola Dorothea Dix Sojourner Truth Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationales 1 •
• • •
•
Correct: Harriet Tubman provided care ca re and safety to slaves fleeing to the North on the Underground Railroad. Florence Florenc e Nightingale contributed to the nursing care of soldiers in the Crimean War. Fabiola used her wealth to provide houses of caring and healing during the Roman empire Correct: Dorothea Dix was responsible for recruiting recruiti ng nurses and supervisin supervising g the nursing care of all women nurses working in army hospitals. Correct: Sojourner Truth provided p rovided care ca re and safety to slaves fleeing to the North on the Underground Railroad. Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 2 Health promotion is best represented by which of the following activities? 3. 4. 5. 6.
Administering immunizations Giving a bath Preventing injuries in the home Performing diagnostic procedures
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationales 2 • Administering immunizations is an example of illness prevention. • Giving a bath is aesthetic (i. e., not needed for health promotion or disease prevention). • Correct: Health promotion focuses on maintaining normal status without consideration of diseases. • Performing diagnostic procedures focuses on disease detection. Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 3 Who are America’s first two trained nurses? 2. 3. 4. 5.
Barton and Wald Dock and Sanger Richards and Mahoney Henderson and Breckinridge
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationales 3 • •
• •
Barton established the American Red Cross. Wald founded public health nursing. Dock founded the American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses of the U.S. and Canada. Sanger is the founder of Planned Parent arenthood. hood. Correct: Linda Richards was America’s first trained nurse, and Mary Mahoney was America’s first black trained nurse. Henderson was one of the first modern nurses to define nursing. Brecki Breckinridge nridge established the Frontier Nursing Service Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. and one of the first midwifery training
Question 4 nurse with 2 to 3 years of experience who has the ability to coordinate multiple comple nursing care demands is at which stage of Benner’s states of nursing expertise? 6. 7. 8. 9.
Advanced beginner Competent Proficient Expert Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationales 4 • The advanced beginner demonstrates marginally acceptable performance. • Correct. • The proficient practitioner, has 3 to 5 years of experience and has developed a holistic understanding of the client. • The expert practitioner, demonstrates highly skilled intuitive
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 5 Which professional organization developed a code for nursing students? 4. 5. 6. 7.
ANA NLN AACN NSNA
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationales 5 •
ANA, developed Standards of Nursing Practices. • NLN focuses on nursing education. • The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), (A ACN), is the national organization that focuses on the advancement and maintenance of America’s baccalaureatebaccalaureate- and higher h igher degree nursing education programs • Correct: The National Student Nurses’ Association developed the Code of Academic and Clinical Conduct for nursing students in 2001. Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 6 hich of the following social forces is most ikely to significantly impact the future suppl nd demand for nurses? . . . .
Aging Economics Science/technology Telecommunications Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationales 6 •
Correct: The aging population contributes to more elders needing specialized care increasing the demand. • Economics increases the demand for nursing care. • Science and technology affects nursing practice. • Telecommunications affects nursing practice and nursing care.
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Things to Consider
What is the definition of nursing?
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Recipients of Nursing • Consumer • Patient • Client
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Scope of Nursing Practice • Pr Promotion omotion of health and wellness • Prevention of illness • Restoration of health • Care for the dying
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Nurse Practice Acts • Common purpose • Legal acts • Regulate practice • Jurisdiction specific
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Standards of Nursing Practice • ANA: Standards of Pr Professional ofessional Performance • Specialty nursing organizations
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Roles and Funct unctions ions of Nurses
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Roles and Funct unctions ions of Nurses • Caregiver • Communicator
• Change agent • Leader
• Teacher • Client and advocate • Counselor
• Manager • Case manager • Research consumer
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Expanded Career Roles • Nurse practitioner • Nurse administrator • Clinical nurse specialist • Nurse educator
• Nurse anesthetist • Nurse midwife • Nurse researcher
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Things to Consider What are the criteria of a profession?
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Criteria of a Profession Profession • Pr Prolonged, olonged, specialized education • Orientation toward service • Ongoing research • Code of ethics • Autonomy • Professional organization
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Benner’s Stages of Nursing Expertise Stage V, Expert Stage IV, Proficient Stage III, Competent Stage II, Advanced beginner Stage I, Novice
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Critical Values of Nursing • Code of ethics • Standards • Nurse practice acts • NSNA’s Code of Academic and Clinical Conduct
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Post Test Which of the following women made significant contributions to the nursing care of soldiers during the Civil War? Select all that apply. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Harriet Tubman Florence Nightingale Fabiola Dorothea Dix Sojourner Truth Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationales 1 •
• • •
•
Correct: Harriet Tubman provided care ca re and safety to slaves fleeing to the North on the Underground Railroad. Florence Florenc e Nightingale contributed to the nursing care of soldiers in the Crimean War. Fabiola used her wealth to provide houses of caring and healing during the Roman empire Correct: Dorothea Dix was responsible for recruiting recruiti ng nurses and supervisin supervising g the nursing care of all women nurses working in army hospitals. Correct: Sojourner Truth provided p rovided care ca re and safety to slaves fleeing to the North on the Underground Railroad. Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 2 Health promotion is best represented by which of the following activities? 3. 4. 5. 6.
Administering immunizations Giving a bath Preventing injuries in the home Performing diagnostic procedures
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationales 2 • Administering immunizations is an example of illness prevention. • Giving a bath is aesthetic (i. e., not needed for health promotion or disease prevention). • Correct: Health promotion focuses on maintaining normal status without consideration of diseases. • Performing diagnostic procedures focuses on disease detection. Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 3 Who are America’s first two trained nurses? 2. 3. 4. 5.
Barton and Wald Dock and Sanger Richards and Mahoney Henderson and Breckinridge
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationales 3 • •
• •
Barton established the American Red Cross. Wald founded public health nursing. Dock founded the American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses of the U.S. and Canada. Sanger is the founder of Planned Parent arenthood. hood. Correct: Linda Richards was America’s first trained nurse, and Mary Mahoney was America’s first black trained nurse. Henderson was one of the first modern nurses to define nursing. Brecki Breckinridge nridge established the Frontier Nursing Service Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. and one of the first midwifery training
Question 4 nurse with 2 to 3 years of experience who has the ability to coordinate multiple comple nursing care demands is at which stage of Benner’s states of nursing expertise? 6. 7. 8. 9.
Advanced beginner Competent Proficient Expert Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationales 4 • The advanced beginner demonstrates marginally acceptable performance. • Correct. • The proficient practitioner, has 3 to 5 years of experience and has developed a holistic understanding of the client. • The expert practitioner, demonstrates highly skilled intuitive
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 5 Which professional organization developed a code for nursing students? 4. 5. 6. 7.
ANA NLN AACN NSNA
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationales 5 •
ANA, developed Standards of Nursing Practices. • NLN focuses on nursing education. • The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), (A ACN), is the national organization that focuses on the advancement and maintenance of America’s baccalaureatebaccalaureate- and higher h igher degree nursing education programs • Correct: The National Student Nurses’ Association developed the Code of Academic and Clinical Conduct for nursing students in 2001. Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 6 hich of the following social forces is most ikely to significantly impact the future suppl nd demand for nurses? . . . .
Aging Economics Science/technology Telecommunications Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationales 6 •
Correct: The aging population contributes to more elders needing specialized care increasing the demand. • Economics increases the demand for nursing care. • Science and technology affects nursing practice. • Telecommunications affects nursing practice and nursing care.
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
National and International Nursing Organizations • American Nurses Association (ANA) • Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) • National League for Nursing (NLN) • National League for Nursing Accr Accrediting editing Co (NLNAC) • Internati International onal Council of Nurses (ICN) • National Student Nurses’ Association (NSNA) • Sigma Theta Tau Honor Ho nor Societ Society y Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Resources • American Nurses Association Code of Ethics This site defines the Code of Ethics and offers the nurse the opportunity to purchase the Code with Interpretative Statements. • Maryland Health Care Commission This site defines DRGs and pertinent administrative billing terms. • Nursing World This site posts a press release on the current nursing shortage. The site offers mechanisms to alleviate the current curr ent nursing shortage. • Tribute to Virginia Henderson Virginia Vir ginia Henderson is an important historical nursing figure. She has left her imprint on modern nursing. • American Holistic Nurses Association
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Resources • From Novice to Expert Expe rt Discussion on Patricia Benner's From Novice to Expert theory • US Society: Census and Demographics This site describes the U.S. population, age, racial and ethnic composition, and population growth. • National League for Nurses Web Site This site defines the role of the NLN. • American Association of the Colleges of Nursing This site defines the roles of the AACN.
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
