Dissertation
Kinetic architecture: sustainability and adaptability How can Kinetic architecture aid in achieving the sustainable Habitat?
Guide: Prof. Manoj Mathur
o!ordinators: Prof. "anjana Mittal Prof. #aya Ku$ar
%ub$itted by: %ona$ &obgay '()**+(,%ec :
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Diagra$ of Kinetic &ypologies in 'rchitecture1 2nteractive 'rchitecture 0o3 Michael1 4,,5.
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Diagra$ of Kinetic &ypologies in 'rchitecture1 2nteractive 'rchitecture 0o3 Michael1 4,,5.
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"otating &urrets 7"andl1 had1 4,,-8
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'rial 9iew of 9illa Girisole 7"andl1 had1 4,,-
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ircular ase of 9illa Girisole 7"andl1 had1 4,,-8
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Pinero
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Hober$an
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Milwau=ee art Museu$1 http:((en.wi=ipedia.org(wi=i(Milwau=ee>'rt>Museu$1 http:((en.wi=ipedia.org(w i=i(Milwau=ee>'rt>Museu$1 )4!),!),
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Par=ing level1 Milwau=ee 'rt1 Museu$ '"H ;6): %tructural ,
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Diagra$ of Kinetic &ypologies in 'rchitecture1 2nteractive 'rchitecture 0o3 Michael1 4,,5.
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Diagra$ of Kinetic &ypologies in 'rchitecture1 2nteractive 'rchitecture 0o3 Michael1 4,,5.
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"otating &urrets 7"andl1 had1 4,,-8
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'rial 9iew of 9illa Girisole 7"andl1 had1 4,,-
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ircular ase of 9illa Girisole 7"andl1 had1 4,,-8
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Pinero
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Hober$an
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&urning &orso1 http:((en.wi=ipedia.org(wi=i(&u http:((en.wi=ipedia.org(wi=i(&urning>&orso1 rning>&orso1 )4!),!),.
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Milwau=ee 'rt Museu$1 Milwau=ee 'rt1 Museu$ '"H ;6): %tructural ,
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Par=ing level1 Milwau=ee 'rt1 Museu$ '"H ;6): %tructural ,
%yste$s Prof. 'nne @ichols14,,51 Pg. ,
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/ower /evel11 Milwau=ee 'rt1 Museu$ '"H ;6): %tructural ,
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Main level1 Milwau=ee 'rt1 Museu$ '"H ;6): %tructural ,
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ridge(MeAAanine /evel1 Milwau=ee 'rt1 Museu$ '"H ;6): %tructural ,
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Bpper level1 Milwau=ee 'rt1 Museu$ '"H ;6): %tructural ,
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Main level Plan1 Milwau=ee 'rt1 Museu$ '"H ;6): %tructural ,
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Pavilion "ing ea$ 7peri$eter8 and '!fra$es1 Milwau=ee 'rt1 Museu$ '"H ;6): %tructural %yste$s Prof. 'nne @ichols14,,51 @ic hols14,,51 Pg+. ,
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2so$etric 9iew of Pavilion1 Milwau=ee 'rt1 Museu$ '"H ;6): ,
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0inite Cle$ent Model1 Milwau=ee 'rt1 Museu$ '"H ;6): %tructural ,
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Pavilion Clevation1 Milwau=ee 'rt1 Museu$ '"H ;6): %tructural ,
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rise %oleil1 l1 Milwau=ee 'rt1 Museu$ '"H ;6): %tructural ,
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able!%tayed Pedestrian ridge1 Milwau=ee 'rt1 Museu$ '"H ;6): ,
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/oad &ransfer Diagra$1 Milwau=ee 'rt1 Museu$ '"H ;6): %tructural ,
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Dyna$ic &ower1 www.dyna$icarchitecture.org1 4!,*!),.
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David 0isher1 www.dyna$icarchitecture.org1 4!,*!),.
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%che$atic Diagra$ of onstruction of Dyna$ic &ower1 www.dyna$icarchitecture.org1 4!,*!),.
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%che$atic Diagra$ %howing how the individual units are fi3ed on the core1 www.dyna$icarchitecture.org1 4!,*!),.
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Plan of a floor1 www.dyna$icarchitecture.org1 4!,*!),.
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%che$atic Diagra$ %howing the hidden turbines in between the two floors which will generate electricity1 www.dyna$icarchitecture.org1 4! ,*!),.
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9iew outisde fro$ the gy$ cu$ bathroo$1 www.dyna$icarchitecture.org1 4!,*!),.
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Plans showing the $ove$ent pattern of the roo$ that slides in and out. http:((=ineticarchitecture.org(russelhouse.ht$l1 )-!))!),.
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&he e3ternal i$ages1 http:((=ineticarchitecture.org(russelhouse.ht$l1 )-! ))!),.
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&he $odel showing how the part of a house slides in and out1 http:((=ineticarchitecture.org(russelhouse.ht$l1 )-!))!),.
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Clevations1 http:((=ineticarchitecture.org(russelhouse.ht$l1 )-!))!),.
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Gary hang apart$ent in Hong=ong1http:((tinyhouseblog.co$(apart$ent! living(45!roo$s!655!sEuare!feet1 ,+!))!),
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&he different for$ of plan1 http:((tinyhouseblog.co$(tiny!house(bo3!of! tric=s1 ,+!))!),.
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&he sliding of walls changes the for$ of the space inside1 http:((tinyhouseblog.co$(tiny!house(bo3!of!tric=s1 ,+!))!),.
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&he sliding of walls changes the for$ of the space inside1 http:((tinyhouseblog.co$(tiny!house(bo3!of!tric=s1 ,+!))!),.
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&he sliding of walls changes the for$ of the space inside1 http:((tinyhouseblog.co$(tiny!house(bo3!of!tric=s1 ,+!))!),
'c=nowledge$ent 2 would li=e to e3press $y ut$ost gratitude to the following people and organiAation without who$ or which i won
ontents
'c=nowledge$ent Page no. hapter ): 2ntroduction ).)
2ntroduction
) 4
).4
@eed 2dentification
6
).6
'i$s and bjectives
).5
%cope
;
).
/i$itation1 and
;
).;
Methodologies
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hapter 4: Kinetic architecture and evolution
+
4.)
Definition of =inetic architecture
*
4.4
Different types of =inetic structures
),
4.6
rigin and evolution of the =inetic
)6
architecture 4.5
%antiago alatrava.
);
hapter 6: ase %tudies 6.) a ase %tudy 2! Milwau=ee 'rt Museu$1
)* 4,
B%' 6.) b ase %tudy 22!Dyna$ic &ower1 Dubai
65
6.) c ase %tudy 222!!%liding house in %uffol=1
5,
Cngland 6.) d ase %tudy 29!'rchitect Gary hang
55
apart$ent1 Hong Kong
hapter 5: &i$e &i$e 1 sustainability and Kinetic architecture
5*
5.)
&i$e as a fourth di$ension
,
5.4
'daptive %tructures: uilding for
)
Perfor$ance and %ustainability
hapter : onclusion 5.)
onclusion and 'nalysis
;
i.
ebsites
;,
ii.
'rticles and PD0s
;)
iii.
ibliography
;4
hapter one
INTRODUCTION
).)
2ntroduction
I2f architects designed a building li=e a body1 it would have a syste$ of bones and $uscles and tendons and a brain that =nows how to respond. 2f a building could change its posture1 tighten its $uscles and brace itself against the wind1 its structural $ass could literally be cut in halfJ Guy @ordenson1 ve 'rup and Partner 70o31 M. 4,,58.
Kinetic architecture1 though it is not a newly discovered concept1 it has been scarcely applied until recently. &he e3plosion of technology enabled =inetic architecture to $a=e a spectacular co$ebac= and attac= traditional architecture1 due to the powerful co$bination of $anufacturing and use of technologies1 sustained by =inetic architecture. 2ncreasing needs for ti$e saving and use of technological inventions of different $obility and auto$ations1 which pro$ise to opti$iAe and provide to the inhabitant a better living1 set off a new era in building design. 7)8 &he use of robotics in a building1 either during the construction or for inhabitancy needs1 748 the Is$art houses which1 with the use of co$puters and sensors1 are designed to satisfy the inhabitants< basic needs 7i.e. ventilation1 sun protection etc.81 and the 768 transfor$ation of the shape of a construction by $echanis$s which allow adaptation either to environ$ental conditions or to the will of the user1 and $any $ore constitute e3pression of =inetic architecture. n the other hand1 there are other issues li=e green building1 sustainability prospects1 and other character of the building on which architects and engineers have been busy trying to solve it better and better. 'nd the fact that in architecture1 everything gets outdated so fast1 nothing re$ains so fresh. Hence1 there is always the $ass revolution towards the atte$pt of bringing out the sustainable architecture: one that can sustain energy for the future while it uses for its own as well1 one that can produce energy on its own1 and serves the building without depending $uch on other active $eans. &here are nu$erous innovations and evaluations of these ideas
through e3peri$entation and practical practices in constant atte$pt to push architecture in new age of hi!tech $aterials and construction which at the sa$e ti$e is sustainable and uses the $ini$u$ possible energy. 2f the idea of $otion in building be incorporated at its core part or in one of the $ajor part of the structure1 then will there be a chance whereby we can not only reduce1 re re!!use1 and recycle but can also re! re!locate the buildings part by which a better sustainable sustainable habitat be for$ed. "esearch Luestion: How Kinetic architecture can aid in achieving the sustainable habitat?
).4
@eed 2dentification
I....'rchitecture has always been part design and part science1 but1 once again1 we are in an era where the two have great potential to help one another. ' design! science $arriage will be =ey1 as both scientists and designers strive to push their respective fields forward. Cach can provide insight into the other as designers can help scientists thin= outside of the bo3< while scientists bring newfound technologies and theories to design disciplines including the architecture process. y incorporating $otion into architecture1 designers give occupants another di$ension by which to interact with their surroundings. 'rchitects can not only co$$unicate $otion1 but can also engage occupants in what it $eans to have transition and $orphing states of architecture. hen done properly1 =inetic architecture can inspire1 surprise and even touch the soul. &his introduction to =inetic architecture highlights its purposes and benefits1 and provides strategies for designing and constructing $oving building ele$ents that opti$iAe sustainability in architecture. &his study proposes an initial conceptual fra$ewor= for the e3ploration of the sustainable engaging attributes of =inetic architectural structures. 2t will serve as one of the first atte$pts to understand1 define and fra$e =inetic architecture fro$ a co$ple3 adaptive environ$ental approach......
Neinab Cl "aAaA1 %ustainable vision of =inetic architecture1 #ournal of uilding 'ppraisal 74,),8
&he static state of buildings has been rigid and fi3ed in a place. &he restrictions and the unco$pro$ising character of the building with respect to the view1 orientation1 cli$ate1 lighting1 sustainability also gets stagnate to its li$itation. &here is no elasticity in the usage and the function of the building. ut with science and technology no $ore an unsolved eEuation1 the boon of science could $a=e b uildings able to adjust to the cli$atic1 environ$ental1 orientation1 and yet it sustains and adapts to the ti$e. &he fle3ibility of such character could well be perceived through =inetic architecture. &he incorporation of ti$e in the static building $a=es it possible to approach such structures< possibility in the new world of green buildings and sustainable structures. e =now that all living syste$s e3hibit adaptive behavior. &hat is1 they possess an ability to react to their environ$ents in such a way that is favorable. %o why not architecture? 2n this digital world1 new technologies have been introducedO applying it in architecture can enhance the living in best fit. 2t can give a new beginning to architecture. uildings will no $ore be static1 it could $ove1 rotate1 revolveJ. it will be alive. IJ..architecture responsive to the essential character of our society change. 2t is clear that the principles which contributed to the past successes in architecture are inadeEuate for the speed1 scale1 and nature of the change today. ' new1 adaptable architecture $ust be developed. 7Nu=(lar=1 Kinetic architecture1)*-, edition8 &he $ost architectural wor= or architectural representations in this twenty first century has been at the atte$pt of creating a sustainable structure or sustainable habitat. Due to the e3ponential growth in hu$an population in the world1 there has always been the need for $ore habitation1 $ore hu$an shelter. &he resources have
been not in sa$e growth but have definitely been reduced to very low figure. &he needs have always been reverse. 2t has increased. &he horiAontal di$ensions have been well reserved with structures1 and vertical di$ensions now are being put into the approach. ith definite increase in such habitation1 there
).6 1.
'i$s and objectives &o understand the concept of =inetic architecture as a whole relating to the design of sustainable habitat.
2.
&o co$pare the static buildings and =inetic structures in ter$s of $aterials1 adaptability1 energy and ti$e 7as a fourth di$ension of the structure8.
3.
&o e3a$ine the possibility of =inetic architecture especially in creating futuristic architecture whole being perceived as the sustainable habitat.
4.
2t shall not cover the views inclined $ore towards the established facts about architecture. &he dissertation could well be hypothesis about the possibility of relating the =inetic architecture into helping build a sustainable habitat.
).5
%cope
). Kinetic architecture is a wide field that can include and refer to $any subjects. &he proposed subject of this dissertation focuses on one particular category of =inetic architecture. &his category involves a specific type of =inetic architecture1 related to the physical $ove$ent of structural building ele$ents that can result to the spatial $ove$ent of a structure as an entirety or just part of it. 4. 'nother field of interest is %ustainability practice co$ing $ore into the play to the principle of =inetic structure and incorporation of $otion into the building. 6. &he co$parative para$eters that which would bring the tentative differences and advantages over each other in ter$s of $aterial Euality1 spatial variations and architectural innovation. ).5
/i$itation
). &he study reEuires case studies of live e3a$ples which are presently not available in nearby places. 's a result $y case studies will be li$ited to boo=s and internet. 4. &he subject as new as when it was initially started to i$ple$ent. People still do not use $uch of its application1 so the scope of getting a direct and detailed study about the topic could well be li$ited to certain generaliAed views on the subject. 6. %ince the subject is not so popular and no pro$inently practiced1 the content will be
li$ited to few e3a$ples of =inetic structures.
5. &he range the =inetic structures have been put into the e3istence1 it will be difficult to really co$e out to the conclusion that architecture sustains and it
).
Methodology
). %tage one: one ollecting the data on =inetic architecture1 and sustainability. C3plaining the ter$ IKinetic architecture in 'rchitecture. 'nd getting the understanding of the past and present scenario of the =inetic structures in the $odern architecture of green versus technology. 4. %tage two: two C3plaining the relevance of =inetic in architecture1 and how it is different fro$ static buildings through case studies co$paring the two or $ore different buildings. 6. %tage three: three C3plaining the ter$ Isustainability in conte$porary architecture and future as well. How does =inetic architecture answer the need of adaptation to cli$ate change1 and environ$ent? &he "educe1 "euse1 "ecycle and "e!locate 7Due to 0ourth di$ension!ti$e8. 5. %tage four: four Material1 &echnology1 and Cnergy
hapter 4
KINETIC ARCHITECTU E AND EVOLUTION
4.)
Definition of =inetic architecture
2n architecture1 the notion of $otion is often represented as an abstract for$al configuration that i$plies relationships of cause and effect. Defor$ation1 ju3taposition1 superi$position1 absence1 friction1 and e3aggeration1 are just few of the techniEues used by architects to e3press virtual $otion and change. &hese atte$pts are based on the idea that perpetual succession is not only conceived directly through physical $otion but also indirectly through for$al e3pression. Physical $otion1 other than in doors1 windows1 elevators1 or escalators1 is not co$$only present in buildings. 2n fact1 the for$ and structure of the average building suggests stability1 steadiness1 sturdiness1 and i$$obility. Fet1 while $otion $ay suggest agility1 unpredictability1 or uncertainty it $ay also suggest change1 anticipation1 and liveliness. hallenging past practices1 architecture today finds itself in a position to revisit its traditional =inetic aesthetics with new technological innovations. &hrough the use of sensors1 actuators1 and $icrocontrollers1 actual controlled $otion can be designed1 integrated1 and i$ple$ented in1 on1 or across buildings. &he traditional proble$atics of $otion1 stasis1 and order are challenged1 redefined1 and transfor$ed by new spatio!te$poral possibilities and strategies opened up through technological innovation1 particularly robotic technologies and new approaches to $obility1 portability1 and no$adic culture.
Kinetic 'rchitecture: a definition
oncerns in structural engineering will focus e3plicitly upon =inetic design. Kinetic architecture is defined generally as buildings and(or building co$ponents with variable $obility1 location and(or geo$etry. %tructural solutions $ust consider in parallel both the ways and $eans for =inetic operability. &he ways in which a =inetic structural solution perfor$s $ay include a$ong others1 folding1 sliding1 e3panding1 and
transfor$ing in both siAe and shape. &he $eans by which a =inetic structural solution perfor$s $ay be1 a$ong others1 pneu$atic1 che$ical1 $agnetic1 natural or $echanical.
4.4
Different types of =inetic structures
Kinetic &ypologies Kinetic structures in architecture are classified here into three general categorical areas. 0or e3a$ple please refer fig 4.4 C$bedded Kinetic %tructures C$bedded Kinetic structures are syste$s that e3ist within a larger architectural whole in a fi3ed location. &he pri$ary function is to control the larger architectural syste$ or building1 in response to changing factors. 0or e3a$ple please refer fig 4.4 Deployable Kinetic %tructures Deployable Kinetic structures typically e3ist in a te$porary location and are easily transportable. %uch syste$s possess the inherent capability to be constructed and deconstructed in reverse. 0or e3a$ple please refer fig 4.4 Dyna$ic Kinetic %tructures Dyna$ic =inetic structures also e3ist within a larger architectural whole but act independently with respect to control of the larger conte3t. %uch can be subcategoriAed as Mobile1 &ransfor$able and 2ncre$ental =inetic syste$s.
0ig 4.) Diagra$ of Kinetic &ypologies in 'rchitecture 7M. 0o31 4,,58
0ig4.4!&ypes e3a$ples of =inetic structures classified according to their types.
ontrolling Kinetic 0unction &he ways can be described diagra$$atically as $echanical $otions. onte$porary innovators such as huc= Hober$an and %antiago alatrava continue to de$onstrate that the last word has not been spo=en in novel =inetic i$ple$entation at an architectural scale. Fet1 we as designers ought to focus our attention in this area upon the vast wealth of resources that have been accu$ulated over nu$erous centuries of engineering. &here are $any great scientists of a thousand years ago who would have had no difficulty understanding an auto$obile or an engine or a helicopter and certainly not the $ost advanced architectural syste$. &he crafts$anship would have been astonishing but the principles straightforward with respect to an understanding of the novel $aterial properties. Materiality will prove to be the one great pro$ise for advance$ent in this area pri$arily as a result of technology providing both an unprecedented vision into $icroscopic natural $echanis$s and advanced $anufacturing of high Euality =inetic parts with new $aterials such as cera$ics1 poly$ers and gels1 fabrics1 $etal co$pounds and co$posites with unprecedented structural properties. &he integrative use of such $aterials in =inetic structures facilitates creative solutions in $e$brane1 tensegrity1 ther$al1 and acoustic syste$s.
4.6
rigin and evolution of the =inetic architecture
&he tent is a =inetic structure since people can fold it up and carry it. &his has proven $an its i$portance. ut the original =inetic wor=ing $achine architectures were water and wind $ills and are still being used. 2n the $odern era orbusier1 "ietveld and 0uller applied industrial and $echanical principles to the conceptualiAation1 design and production of single fa$ily dwellings. 0ollowing 22 $assive social changes and unprecedented technological innovation intersected to inspire visionary theoretical proposals. Population fears1 the nuclear threat and loo$ing energy crisis< have since sobered the $odernist progress of the western world.
&heodore &i$by
9illa Girasole ' su$$er house set on a hillside of vineyards and orchards above his ho$e village Marcellise1 M arcellise1 near 9erona. Girasole was the first well!=nown1 built rotating house. 2t was an e3peri$ent1 a showpiece1 and a uniEue personal state$ent that resulted fro$ the collaborative efforts of several designers. uilt near Marcellise1 2taly1 built fro$ )*6) to )*61 and was designed by 2talian engineer 'gnelo
0ig 4.5 'rial 9iew of 9illa Girisole 7"andl1 had1 4,,-8
2nverniAAi with architect Cttore 0agiuoli. %et on a $assive cylindrical plinth1 the upper stories can rotate 6;, degrees around a central a3is. &he a3is. &he two storied and / shaped house rests on a circular base1 which is over 55 $eters in dia$eter. 2n the $iddle there is a 54 $eters tall turret1 a sort of conning tower or lighthouse1 which the rotating
0ig 4. 9iew of the circular ase 7"andl1 had1 4,,-8
$ove$ent hinges on. ' diesel engine pushes the house over three circular trac=s where ) trolleys can slide the 1,,, cubic $eters building at a speed of 5 $illi$etres per second 7it ta=es * hours and 4, $inutes to rotate fully8. 7www.treehugger.co$(8 Cngineer was thin=ing thin=ing of of the sun
C$ilio Pinero 'nd Hobber$an 2n the early )*;,s1 C$ilio Pinero pioneered the use of scissor $echanis$s to $a=e deployable structures. ' $echanis$ can e3pand in a horiAontal direction1 in both horiAontal and vertical directions1 and with a fabric covering1 which unfolds with the t he $echanis$ to co$plete a deployable roof. huc= Hober$an who has followed Pinero
0ig 4.; Pinero
0ig 4.- Hober$an
4.5
%antiago alatrava.
%antiago alatrava: pioneer of =inetic architecture orn in eni$$et1 an old $unicipality now integrated as an urban part of 9alencia1 %pain1 alatrava pursued undergraduate studies at the 'rchitecture %chool and 'rts and rafts %chool. 0ollowing graduation in )*-1 he enrolled in the %wiss 0ederal 2nstitute of &echnology 7C&H8 in NQrich1 %witAerland1 for graduate wor= in civil
0ig 4.+ %antiago alatrava
engineering. 2n )*+)1 after co$pleting his doctoral thesis1 Rn the 0oldability of %pace 0ra$esR1 he started his architecture and engineering practice.
%panish architect whose soaring wor= is all about openness1 energy and aspiration. %antiago alatrava has achieved considerable international acclai$ with his breathta=ing feats of architecture and engineering in the service of elegant and hu$anistic $odern for$s. His spectacular cultural and civic projects have secured alatrava place in the pantheon of world!class 4)st!centuryarchitects. '$ong these are the 'thens ly$pics %ports o$ple3O the &enerife oncert Hall in the %panish anary 2slandsO the 9alencia %cience Museu$1 Planetariu$1 and pera House1 and the $uch!anticipated orld &rade enter &ransportation Hub. &his newest edition
introduces alatrava latest triu$phs1 including the e3pressive &urning &orso tower in %weden and the hicago &ower1 the tallest s=yscraper in the B% when built. He was one of $ost i$$inent figure in architectural world who incorporated $otion and =inetics in his designs. His designs li=e 'lcoy o$$unity Hall in %pain1 &urning &orso1 and $any are all in so$e ways designed in such a way that the =inetics beco$es $ore i$portant for the building. &oday he is considered as one of the $ost innovative architects alive. ith his innovative usage of hu$an body $ove$ents in his design concepts1 no wonder alatrava is able to achieve the poetical $ove$ent of structure and architecture. &he blend between structure and architecture has resulted in so$e of the world
0ig 4.*: &urning torso
0ig 4.),: Milwau=ee 'rt Museu$
0ig 4.)): 'lcoy co$$unity hall1 %pain
"eferences http:((www.calatrava.co$($ain.ht$ http:((en.acade$ic.ru(dic.nsf(enwi=i(;--*45 http:((robotecture.co$(=dg(i=s.ht$l http:((www.$aisontournante.co$(eng($odele($)toitpl( Kinetic 'rchitecture1 74,,+8 retrieved on th #an1 4,), fro$ vangaurE word press eb %ite http:((vanguarE.wordpress.co$ Nu=1 . and lar=1"oger1 )*-,1 Kinetic 'rchitecture 1 9an @ostrand "einhold1 @ew For=. 0o3 Micheal1 4,,5 eyond Kinetics 1 Kinetic Design Group Massachustts 2nstitute of &echnolgy. "andl had14,,-1 "evolving 'rchitecture :a history of buildings that rotate1 swivel1 and pivot1 Princeton 'rchitectural Press.
hapter 6
CASE STUDIES
6.)a ase %tud %tudyy 2
0ig.6.): Milwau=ee 'rt Museu$
MILWAUKEE ART MUS UM 'rchitect: %antiago alatrava
&he Milwau=ee 'rt Museu$ &he Milwau=ee 'rt Museu$ 7M'M8 traces its beginnings to two institutions1 the /ayton 'rt Gallery1 established in )+++1 and the Milwau=ee 'rt 2nstitute1 which was established in )*)+. 2n )*- the groups joined together1 for$ing the private1 nonprofit Milwau=ee 'rt enter1 now =nown as the Milwau=ee 'rt Museu$. 't this ti$e1 the enter $oved to its present location on the Milwau=ee waterfront 0innish architect Cero %aarinen1 =nown for his %t. /ouis 'rch1 designed the enter
alatravas dyna$ic e3pansion design was unveiled in March )**;. &he Milwau=ee co$$unity was elated with the result. Groundbrea=ing too= place on Dece$ber ),1 )**-1 and the entire e3pansion project was co$plete by ctober 4,,) 7after opening in May of that year8. &he Luadracci Pavilion 70ig. 6.)8 was the first building designed by alatrava to be constructed in the Bnited %tates. %ince its co$pletion1 record nu$bers of visitors have enjoyed the new e3hibition galleries1 larger $useu$ store1 auditoriu$ in the Luadracci Pavilion1 and the co$pletely renovated and reinstalled per$anent collection galleries. Despite cost overruns and financing setbac=s resulting fro$ the e3pansion project1 the Museu$ foresees a prosperous future1 and the city of Milwau=ee has a new waterfront icon. Design oncept &he city of Milwau=ee was loo=ing for a Istrong architectural state$ent in an e3citing yet functional building that would Iset an architectural standard for the ne3t $illenniu$. alatrava
0ig. 6.4: Par=ing level
0ig. 6.4: /ower /evel
0ig 6.5: Main /evel
0ig. 6.: ridge(MeAAanine /evel
0ig. 6.;: Bpper /evel
loser loo= at the $ain lev l of the new addition in fig.6.- reveals t e ship!li=e detailing alatrava envision d. &he Luadracci Pavillion is directly in line with the pedestrian bridge.
0ig. 6.-: Main /evel Plan
%tructural 0eatures ' concise description of alatrava
ring bea$1 glass panes will be inserted1 followed by a three!piece steel spine. &he fi3ed building spine will top off the '! fra$es. 'bove it1 two rotating spines will support the $ovable wings of the rise! %oleil1 an enor$ous sunscreen that can be positioned to ad$it or =eep out sunlight. /ight is crucial in the concept and operation of the pavilion. y day1it will have natural light. 't night1 artificial illu$ination will be provided by powerful lights set low around the concrete ring bea$. &hus1 said David
0ig.6.+: Pavilion "ing ea$ 7peri$eter8 and '!fra$es
Kahler1 president of architect!of!record Kahler %later1 the pavilion will be precisely as architect %antiago alatrava originally envisioned it: a glowing lantern on the downtown la=efront1 radiating light in all directions.
uilding o$ponents and %yste$ &he functional areas of the $ain building include the par=ing garage1 the gallery space1 the pavilion 7ring bea$ and '!fra$es8 and the south terrace. C3cept for the '! fra$es1 which are co$prised of plate steel and the ur=e rise!%oleil support1 the structural $aterial is reinforced concrete. &he building sits on a ,.;!$!thic= $at foundation spanning )+ $ fro$ the foundation walls to a center foundation bea$ $easuring 4.- $ wide by ).5 $ deep which spans the length. &his bea$ in turn supports the lower arches every ; $ that for$ the roof of the par=ing garage and floor of the e3hibition space wing. &he foundation slopes 4.) $ to the $echanical roo$s at the north end.
' partial section of the wing connecting the Luadracci Pavilion to the original Cero %aarinen structure is shown in fig.6.* T+U. &he garage level ele$ents are spaced 4.* $ on centers and alternate between and D ele$ents. &he ele$ent is a se$i arch spanning appro3i$ately )+$ fro$ a pinned connection with the $at foundation center bea$ and a center transfer bea$ to the foundation walls. &he D ele$ents are si$ilar1 but are supported by the center transfer bea$ and foundation walls without an arch to the foundation center bea$ to provide $ore clear space for par=ing. &his supporting arch ele$ent is regularly reinforced e3cept for the introduction of post! tensioning to resist the lateral thrust force produced by the arching action of both the ele$ent and the upper arches. 's the $echanical eEuip$ent is located in the interstitial space fro$ garage ceiling to floor1 the depth of the horiAontal portion of the and D ele$ents is dictated by $echanical eEuip$ent space reEuire$ents rather than structural reEuire$ents. &he )4!$$!thic= $ildly!reinforced concrete ceiling slab of the par=ing garage is supported on the lower portion of the and D ele$ents1 while the 4,6!$$!thic= concrete($etal co$posite floor slab for the galleria above is supported on top of these ele$ents1 providing the interstitial space previously $entioned.
0ig.6.*: Partial %ection
&he gallery space is housed in a low!slung concrete arched structure. &he arches are
variable depth he3agons1 narrow at the base and deeper at the crown. &he galleria fra$ing is co$posed of three structural ele$ents the east ')1 center )1 and west ') ele$ents spaced 4.* $ on centers in the @!% direction. &he east ') and center ) ele$ents are visible in figure *.&ogether1 these three ele$ents for$ the co$plete upper arch1 spanning appro3i$ately 66 $ between pinned connections at each end. 2ndividually1 the ') ele$ents act as buttresses and support the center ) ele$ent1 which itself spans appro3i$ately )-.; $. 'll of the ele$ents for$ing the upper arch are reinforced. &he vertical $e$bers of ele$ent ') are supported by the and D ele$ents. &o li$it the deflection of the si$ply supported D ele$ents1 transfer bea$s are used for lateral stability and stiffening li=e a grid syste$ provides. &he pavilion1 constructed of $ildly!reinforced concrete and shown in 0ig6.),1 is the support for the '!fra$es that in turn support the $ovable ur=e rise!%oleil. adreddine describes the pavilion as Ian oval tabletop that incorporates a substantial opening for the atriu$ and is supported on four legs T+U. &he four legs $entioned here refer to an east set of piers 728 and west set of piers 7#8 at the foundation walls.
0ig.6.),: 2so$etric 9iew of Pavilion
%panning +.+ $ in the @!% direction and 5).; $ in the C! direction1 the pavilion also supports the bac= stay bea$ 7shown in purple in fig.6.),8 and the east pier for the cable!stayed pedestrian bridge located at the bridge boo$erang cavity. ecause of the shape and depth of this ele$ent1 and to better predict vertical deflections1 the pavilion was $odeled as a truss in the finite ele$ent analysis 7shown as gray in fig.6.))8.
0ig.6.)): 0inite Cle$ent Model
Post!tensioning was incorporated into the top chord of the pavilion to control deflection and crac=ing1 as well as to resist the pulling force of the pedestrian bridge Iboo$erang abut$ent17shown as red in fig.6.)48.
0ig.6.)4: Pavilion Clevation
0ra$ing of the glass atriu$1 consisting of the rigid '!fra$es and building spine1 rests atop the pavilion and bac= stay bea$. &hese fra$ing ele$ents support each other. &he building spine is a ;6!$$!dia.1 )6!$$!thic= steel pipe. &he '!fra$e is constructed with a variable!depth channel cross!section1 with a networ= of leaning $e$bers with bracing connected to a second group of vertical $e$bers. &he vertical $e$bers1 standing ).5 $ high fro$ the pavilion1 are braced around the peri$eter providing lateral stability of the entire '!fra$e asse$bly and transferring it to the ring bea$. n top of these $e$bers1 )- leaning '!fra$es connect to the building
0ig.6.)6: rise !%oleil
ur=e rise!%oleil &he $ovable ur=e rise!%oleil constitutes the signature ele$ent of the alatrava addition1 resting on top of the breathta=ing glass and steel atriu$ above the Luadracci Pavilion. &his ele$ent features two very large wings1 each co$posed of 6;
steel rectangular tube fins having a constant cross!section width of 66, $$1 but varying in length1 depth1 and thic=ness 7figure )68 which are rigidly connected by steel spacers. Cach wing is supported by a rotating spine1 to which all fins are connected. &he two rotating spines are in turn supported by the building spine1 and )) pairs of hydraulic actuators turn the rotating spines *, degrees to fully open or close the wings. &his $echanis$ is described in $ore detail in fig6.)5U. &he biggest challenge in the design of the ur=e rise!%oleil was to understand the behavior with wind load on the structure. ' wind tunnel study was conducted using a ):5,, aero!elastic $odel which included the sunscreen1 a portion of the underlying structure1 and surrounding buildings in downtown Milwau=ee.
0ig.6.)5: rise !%oleil Mechanis$ Detail
Pedestrian ridge riented on the sa$e a3is as the pavilion spine1 a cable!stayed pedestrian bridge spans -) $ over /incoln Me$orial Drive and serves as a lin= fro$ downtown Milwau=ee to the new entrance of the M'M 7figure )8. @ine loc=ed!coil cables and )+ bac= stay cables support the ), $ain spans of the bridge. &he )!$ bac= span is supported by two steel rods anchored to the pavilion1 while the nine front cables are supported by the ;,!$!long leaning steel pylon. &he pylon is circular in cross! section and varies in dia$eter throughout its height. 's show in fig.)1 illustrated by 'rbanas T),U1 the $ain section of the bridge is a five!sided closed steel cell with a stressed!s=in structure1 $easuring ,.; $ deep and $ wide with a ,.;!$!high parapet. &he cell has no internal bea$s or girders and acts as a tubular $e$ber resisting live1 dead and wind loading. &he stressing allows for $ore transverse load with less deflection. &he Iboo$erang bridge abut$ent is for$ed fro$ welded plate steel plate and is anchored at the top to the west end of the pavilion ring bea$ and supports the pylon base.
0ig.6.): able!%tayed Pedestrian ridge
/oading %u$$ary 2n his design for the Milwau=ee 'rt Museu$ e3pansion1 alatrava e$ploys reinforced concrete for the vast $ajority of ele$ents. He carefully balances the forces within the $e$bers using a series of arches and pinned connections. 2n addition1 the concrete $aterial lends itself well to achieving the s$ooth1 flowing appearance that the architect found appropriate for this project. &he $useu$ e3pansion was designed with a strong horiAontal e$phasis achieved through elongated arched seg$ents1 creating large open galleries. 's a result1 co$pressive forces do$inate the building cross!section. 0or this design1 concrete is clearly the $ost appropriate $aterial for the fle3ibility of for$ and for the structural efficiency in co$pression.
0ig.6.);: /oad &ransfer Diagra$
6.) b ase %tudy 22
0ig.6.)-: Dyna$ic &ower
DYNAMIC TOWER, DUBAI
'rchitect: David 0isher
2talian architect David 0isher is building his first s=yscraper1 the Dyna$ic &ower1 and it happens to be one of the $ost a$bitious construction plans since the Pyra$id of Khufu. Cvery floor of the +,!story self!powered building rotates according to voice co$$and1 and nearly the
0ig.6.)+: David 0isher1 'rchitect Dyna$ic 'rchitecture
entire structure of the V-,, $illion building is pre!fabbed. 0isher was inspired to design the Dyna$ic &ower during a visit to a friends top!floor Midtown Manhattan apart$ent. R2 had a view of the Hudson "iver and Cast "iver at the sa$e ti$e1 it was beautiful and 2 wanted to $a=e that feeling accessible to $ore people.R &he IDyna$ic &ower1 is a revolutionary project based on IDyna$ic 'rchitecture1 a new concept introduced by 0lorentine architect David 0isher. &he project has generated considerable interest all over the world even before its launch1 as a trend! setting architecture. &he new building will be the first s=yscraper Iproduced with industrial syste$s process: in fact1 *, per cent of the building will be constructed as $odules in an industrial plant and then asse$bled on the central core1 the only part that will be built Ion!site using traditional techniEues.
0ig 6.)* %che$atic Diagra$ of onstruction of Dyna$ic &ower.
0ig 6.4, %che$atic Diagra$ %howing how the individual units are fi3ed on the core.
0ig 6.4) Plan of a floor.
0ig 6.44 %che$atic Diagra$ %howing the hidden turbines in between the two floors which will generate electricity.
Cach floor of the tower will consist of )4 $odules that will arrive at the job sit e co$pletely finished and with electrical1 plu$bing as well as air!conditioning syste$s ready for use. &he $odules will then be $echanically asse$bled at the rate of one floor every seven days. *, per cent of the building will be constructed as $odules in an industrial plant. &his provides a series of i$portant advantages: first of all1 the application of industrial Euality control techniEues to the finished product1 the possibility of custo$iAing individual apart$ents1 reduced production ti$es and costs and1 last but not least1 reducing the ris=s of accidents and injuries on the job site. 2n fact1 production and installation will reEuire only *, technicians and wor=ers on the site1 as against over 41,,, for a co$parable traditional building. Cndless shapes 'nother innovation that distinguishes the tower of endless shapes is its dyna$ic use of space1 which not only adapts to its surroundings but also to the tenant
0ig 6.46 9iew outisde fro$ the gy$ cu$ bathroo$.
0or a Euic= return ho$e1 the tower will have a retractable heliport1 a platfor$ that will e3tend fro$ the shell of the building at the ;5th floor at the $o$ent of landing1 thus $aintaining the ergono$ics of the tower. orld leading construction co$panies have been contracted to wor= on this project believed to be the future of architecture. %ales for the s=yscraper1 the construction of which will involve a total invest$ent of V6, $illion 7%h4.4 trillion81 will be handled by Go wealthy1 leading real estate co$pany in Dubai. &he apart$ents1 which will ta=e between one and three hours to $a=e a co$plete rotation1 will cost fro$ V6.-$ 7%h4;;.5 $illion8 to V6;$ 7%h4.; billion8. Dyna$ic &ower is e3pected to be operational by 4,),.
6.) c ase %tudy 222
SLIDING HOUSE IN SUFFOLK, ENGLAND 7"ussel house8
&his building shows very clearly that there are $any $ore opportunities for the Kinetic 'rchitecture as the large nu$ber of rotating buildings. &he building is located in Cngland. &his is the feature of $ini$alis$1 si$ply by using only the archetype as a $ovable shell. &his is very si$ple decision1 but calls forth new di$ensions in ter$s of a$biance and habitat. /oo=ing at the pictures1 you can sense this feeling only new1 but it also raises so$e Euestions: How does the variety of spatial configurations on the daily life of residents? ' very clear e3a$ple of the ability to cover over the swi$$ing pool is to drive to get privacy. 'nd how are these changes $ade in Euite so$e ti$e? 'lso technical aspects have to be redefined1 because the protective shell provides ther$al insulation and the glass house in winter1 the building cool in su$$er enjoyable. &he aspects of ecology and sustainability have beco$e included as solar panels to cover not only the reEuired =inetic energy1 but reduce the heating costs. &hese new opportunities for $e are $uch $ore than just a confir$ation that =inetic architecture offers $uch potential. 2t reEuires $ore than just an inspectionO it reEuires a closer loo=1 one study1 a research and ulti$ately i$ple$entation. Cspecially in this building you can see the process of an e3e$plary =inetic architecture significantly. 2t starts with the fact that certain proble$s occur. Due to the strict reEuire$ents of the urban authorities1 it is only allowed to plan the house in the typical regional style far$house. @or$ally1 the narrowing of opportunities for $any architects are lac=lustre designs. ut of this could be the builder and architect1 not deterred1 they countered with a $ovable shell. &he idea is ingenious because it $eets the reEuire$ents of the urban authorities and also e3tends the range of design possibilities. &o translate this idea into reality had so$e hurdles to be overco$e. &he si$ple proble$s are solved with alternatives. 0or e3a$ple1 it is not possible to schedule a chi$ney or to $ount a &9 antenna on the roof. %olution: ired. &he great proble$s but reEuires good planning. &he escape routes are one e3a$ple. &he architect solves this security issue1 in that each state of the house is always a door towards the outer edges re$ain free. 2t will also guarantee the
tightness of the building on fle3ible $e$branes. 2f all this is $anageable1 there is still a factor that plays a $ajor role in the budget. 'bout &he &i$es the owner learned that the cost co$pared to conventionally built ho$es1 only 6,W even $ore. 0or a pioneer of this building for$1 this is re$ar=able.
0ig 6.45 Plans showing the $ove$ent pattern of the roo$ that slides in and out
. 0ig 6.4 &he e3ternal i$ages
0ig 6.4; &he $odel showing how the part of a house slides in and out.
0ig 6.4- Clevations
&his structure is ); $etres long and -. $etres high. Half of that terrace is an e3tension of the concrete floor slab on which the house is built and half is just landscaping i.e. no foundations needed8.
6.) d
ase %tudy 29
ARCHITECT GARY CHANG’S APARTMENT, HONG KONG
'rchitect: Gary hang
'rchitect Gary hang
0ig 6.4+ Gary hang apart$ent in Hong=ong
2t loo=s li=e open space1 but behind $ovable walls1 this tiny apart$ent holds surprises.
'fter years of studying his apart$ent1 hang has finally achieved through $oving walls and different syste$s1 a 64 sE$ apart$ent with 45 different designs. 2n Mr. hang
0ig 6.4* &he different for$ of plan .
'coustic privacy is li$ited. hen Mr. hang is entertaining1 anyone who wants to use the phone $ust do so in the shower 7also =nown as Ithe phone booth8.
0ig 6.6, &he sliding of walls changes the for$ of the space inside .
Bsing shifting wall units suspended fro$ steel trac=s bolted into the ceiling1 the apart$ent beco$es all $anner of spaces S =itchen1 library1 laundry roo$1 dressing roo$1 a lounge with a ha$$oc=1 an enclosed dining area and a wet bar.
0ig 6.6) &he sliding of walls changes the for$ of the space inside
&he walls in the apart$ents $ain roo$1 awash in yellow because of tinted windows1 are pushed against the wall to the left to create an open space1 with Ds to the left and the des= to the right. eyond the D wall is a washer!dryer noo= and a wall for the &9. ' panel hides the noo=1 and the &9 wall $oves to reveal the =itchen.
0ig 6.64 &he sliding of walls changes the for$ of the space inside.
ehind one $ovable wall of shelving is an e3tra!large Duravit bathtub. ' glass shower stall doubles as a stea$ roo$ with colour therapy and $assage and a &oto toilet has a heated seat and re$ote control bidet. %ound e$anates fro$ a si3!spea=er ho$e entertain$ent syste$. Mr. hang uses a hydraulic Murphy bed of his own design1 hidden behind a sofa during the day.
hapter 5
TIME, SUSTAINABILITY SUSTAINABILITY AND KINETIC ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE SUSTAINABILITY
5.) &he &he 0ourth Di$ension: &i$e &i$e &he greatest innovation1 which characteriAes David 0isher
Dyna$ic 'rchitecture is not related only to style and design1 it involves a co$pletely new approach to construction: uildings are endowed with $ove$ent and are able to change their shape over ti$e. 0or all these reasons1 David 0isher thin=s and designs his buildings with four di$ensions1 not only height1 width and depth1 but also I&i$e.
5.4
'daptive %tructures: uilding for Perfor$ance and %ustainability
&he technology to support adaptive building syste$s is both available and dependable. 'daptive faXades are poised to capitaliAe on technology transfer fro$ other disciplines1 which can allow the building industry to $ass produce sustainable building parts and bring down the cost of these syste$s to attractive levels. 0or $ost architects and engineers1 the idea of opti$iAing a building
energy de$ands for estern!style1 energy!intensive infrastructures on the part of developing countries $ay well be one of the defining proble$s of our century. %olutions are needed to curtail de$ands on the already strained infrastructures of the Middle Cast1 2ndia1 hina1 and %outheast 'sia. 'nd as cli$ate change is undeniable1 the ti$e is ripe for a new breed of energy! saving products. 'daptive faXades are one way to solve these co$ple3 proble$s. 2t is not only the environ$ental argu$ent for sustainability that is driving their application to large!scale structures. hanges in the building and construction industries are $a=ing such syste$s less theoretical and $ore viable than they had been in the past. &hrough e3perience and te$pera$ent1 however1 we share the conviction that in the face of global cli$ate change1 the way buildings are designed and $ade $ust also change. e believe that perfor$ance!based strategies offer a critical contribution to the broad goal of reversing environ$ental da$age Given the fact that sustainable strategies such as energy!efficient and passive syste$s have been readily adopted by the building industry1 adaptive strategies provide a third alternative. Cven with newer passive and energy!efficient syste$s1 $ost buildings do not use natural resources effectively1 whereas adaptive buildings can change their for$1 building surfaces1 and interior spaces in response to intelligent controls that $onitor dyna$ic feedbac= fro$ the environ$ent. %olar and wind energy1 daylight1 water1 and weather can be harnessed by buildings and reused efficiently provided they are $odulated by technological inputs. 0or this reason1 adaptive syste$s co$bine the best of e3isting strategies: low energy use and control over building environ$ents. 0or instance1 a building
enhance co$fort and energy perfor$ance. &he develop$ent of adaptive for$s and faXades is both a technical1 sustainable solution and an end product. 2t is true1 however1 that the creation and i$ple$entation of adaptive building strategies are not si$ple $atters. Perfor$ance!based solutions reEuire that we devise new $ethods to design and $a=e buildings and that we place greater e$phasis on $ultidisciplinary cooperation. %uch solutions reEuire that we ta=e a series of incre$ental steps as an industry to create buildings that are $ore energy efficient1 active1 and opti$iAed. 'nd we need to ta=e steps to develop these products Euic=ly1 as energy and carbon use are decreasing our potential to restore the environ$ent.
"eference &Aonis1 '. )***1 %antiago alatrava: the poetics of $ove$ent 1 &ha$es and Hudson1 /ondon. Dyna$ic &ower1 74,,+8 retrieved on ; th %ept1 4,,* fro$ Dyna$ic 'rchitecture by David 0ischer eb %ite http:((www.dyna$icarchitecture.net(ho$e.ht$l http:((adaptivestructures(designintelligence.co$ http:((dyna$icarchitecture.org http:((blog.thau$atography.net http:((Design2ntelligence.co$ http:((www.archifield.net http:((www.therussellhouse.org(ht$l(plans.ht$l
hapter
CONCLUSION
.)
onclusion and 'nalysis
%ustainable architecture1 the present trend of architecture1 is $oving ahead with thorough research and e3peri$entation with the idea that sustainable architecture $eans it $ust satisfy the needs of present users and yet it should enhance the prospects for future generations. Kinetic 'rchitecture with technical aid and dire need for green architecture1 though little energy consu$ing in e3ecuting it in initial scenario $ight prove sustainable and energy efficient. 2t $ight help creating a sustainable habitat. &he past decades has seen the revolution in our understanding of nature and $aterials. Genetic engineering and perhaps1 soon nanotechnology1 will give us the ability to $a=e the $aterials we want rather than accept the constraints of traditional science. Majorly there have been following factors due to which these change in revolution of understanding architecture has been brought to1 and these are: Material: ur ability to use what is around us or to find ways of adapting it to best fit our needs. 'bility: ur ability to co$e together to gather as a wor=force and our ability to define our own needs in the age of $odern architecture where things are designed to be s$all1 but s$art. 'nd of course our ability to co$$unicate ideas.
@eeds: ur reason of needing a building fro$ a safe shelter to a sy$bol of power1 uniEueness or so$ething of beauty or so$ething of new or so$ething of utility.
&hese factors have been influencing our past. 2t has been dictating the way architecture has co$e out to fulfil the needs and reach the shape it carries today. &he architecture can go to new level =eeping these deter$inants in $ind. &he change has occurred in everything. 'rchitecture has changed too but only in type of $aterials1 functionality and beauty. ut with the do$ain of architecture being transfor$ed by develop$ents in interaction research1 wearable co$puting1 $obile connectivity and conte3tual awareness1 these technologies has changed our concept of spaces and the way we relate ourselves to the spaces we built. 2t has proved that it can no longer be there with buildings being not $obile and staying only static. 2t has started to be dyna$ic1 responsive and interactive. &he architects dealing in such technologies have now changed our way of understanding architecture and ti$e. &he technology is in architecture to change it1 and perhaps to change it for better. &he architecture here which we are dealing is about a genre when we induce a fourth di$ension i.e. ti$e in the space1 it offers users the idea of a speculation that architecture here actually challenges the fle3ibility and the adaptability of the spaces. 2t allows a speculation that architecture actually interacts with its environ$ent and its users. 0or $any years1 there has been constant understanding a$ong us that interaction with architecture was so$ething of real significance. 2t was interactive but only with the feelings1 perceptions which a dweller gets through the certain character of design in static architecture around hi$. 2t was never the architecture interacting with $an
no longer be far fro$ being answered. &oday there are $ore projects co$ing out around the world where a building not just is sustainable but also changes its shape1 beauty1 orientation1 and for$ even to an e3tent where it actually dictates the e3act function of the space as per the user
&he atte$pts of $a=ing =inetic(dyna$ic architecture as future as it allows ti$e1 and space relate interactively are visibly e3peri$ented with few projects li=e Dyna$ic &ower in Dubai. 2t can produce energy of its own to channel the rotation of the every floor1 thus1 proving to be sustainable. 2f there are so $any such projects which could just shrin= its spaces and beco$e =inetic1 yet functional and sustainable1 there $ight be a possible future of =inetic architecture do$inating the trend of architecture. Cverything would be $obile and highly interactive. &here are no such e3a$ples of project in 2ndia though1 but there has been a proposal in Mu$bai lately to build Mu$bai &ower which would rotate and has -5 storeys1 but whether the tower would be sustainable or not1 it is un=nown. &he idea to $ention this e3a$ple is that 2ndia too is $oving towards such architecture. Given the Euic= and e3ponential growth of population of cities li=e Mu$bai and Delhi1 and the fact that these cities are far short at balancing the shelter de$and of the city dwellers1 =inetic architecture which innovatively involves in designing structures which uses less surface area but can be used as $ultifunctional through its nature of allowing fle3ible change in for$ and shape1 and the fact that it can well put into easy and active interaction1 2ndia could actually have a chance in $a=ing it $ore applicable and sustainable. 2f the virtue of its rotation actually generates energies to be used in
$a=e it serves the building apart fro$ a$ount of energy saved through s$art building $aterials1 then the a$ount spent in actually building a building could prove to be less than an a$ount it is achieving. 2ndia is not far. &he future of architecture could well be K2@C&2 '"H2&C&B"C. '@D &HC P%%22/2&2C% '"C C@D/C%%...............
ebsites http:((www.=ineticarchitecture.net http:((www.calatrava.co$($ain.ht$ http:((en.acade$ic.ru(dic.nsf(enwi=i(;--*45 http:((robotecture.co$(=dg(i=s.ht$l http:((www.$aisontournante.co$(eng($odele($)toitpl( http:((adaptivestructures(designintelligence.co$ http:((dyna$icarchitecture.org http:((blog.thau$atography.net http:((Design2ntelligence.co$ http:((en.wi=ipedia.org(wi=i(%=yity http:((pariswor=ingforart.wordpress.co$(4,),(,)(,;(dyna$ic!architecture!4( http:((www.telegraph.co.u=(news(worldnews(europe(italy(4;+4),,(%antiago! alatrava!defends!controversial!lobster!bridge!over!9enices!Grand!anal.ht$l
'rticles and PD0s ). &he )5th orld onference on CarthEua=e Cngineering ctober )4!)-1 4,,+1 eijing1 hina Kinetic %tructures in 'rchitecture M.. Phocas ) and &. %ophocleous!/e$onari
4. riga$ics in architecture: a $ediu$ of inEuiry for design in architecture1 'rAu Gonencc and %e$ra 'rslan. 6.2ntelligent =inetic syste$s Michael ' 0o31 2nteractive architecture. 5.)'nalysis of Design %upport for Kinetic %tructures1 'ngeli=i 0otiadou . Milwau=ee 'rt1 Museu$ '"H ;6): %tructural %yste$s Prof. 'nne ,
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