Punishment – oldest method of controlling controlling crime Variations in modalities of punishment Variation in reaction to law breaking Forms of punishment – based on deterrence deterrence Early societies – retaliatory method Eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth Kingship settling disputes Public control of private wrongs This led to modern penal system Police and courts – public control
Forms of Punishment •
Early period – punishment cruel
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End of 18th century – penology emphasized
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Severity to be kept at minimum
Common modes of Punishments Flogging •
Whipping Act, 1864 abolished in 1955 in india
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It is used in middle east countries today today
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It has not proved effective
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In minor offences, it serves some purpose.
Mutilation •
Hands chopped off
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Sex crime – private private part cut cu t off
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It was in practice in European countries.
Branding •
Criminals branded with mark
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Subjected to public ridicule
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England practiced till 1829
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It was practiced in U.S.A Moghal rule
Stoning •
Stoning criminals to death
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It was in practice in medieval period
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Still in practice in Pakistan, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia
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Sex crimes – stoning to death
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Crimes against women – under control control
Pillory •
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Head and hand h and locked in iron frame and stoned Ears Ears of criminal nailed to pillory Hardened criminals were nailed to walls and shot Hanging in public place prohibited
Fines •
Fine for violation of traffic rules
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Fine for property crimes, minor offences
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Fine – alternative alternative to imprisonment
Forfeiture of Property •
IPC section 53 – forfeiture of property
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Confiscation of property – 126
Security Bond •
For good behavior as a restraint
Banishment •
Practice of transporting undesirable criminals to far – off places.
Solitary Confinement •
Confining criminals in solitary prison cells
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For hardened criminals
Imprisonment for Life •
Under section 53 IPC
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Amended by Act 26 of 1955
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Imprisonment for 20 years
Imprisonment •
Common form of sentencing
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Minimum security prisons
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Open air prisons
Capital Punishment •
Arguments for and against capital punishment punishm ent
