A RESEARCH PROJECT REPORT ON “A STUDY OF HEALTH & SAFETY MEASURES AT WIMCO PVT.LTD.”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of Master of Business Administration (MBA) Programme: 2010-12 Of
Gautam Buddha Technical University, Lucknow SUBMITTED BY: MRAGENDRA SINGH MBA 4TH SEMESTER Roll No- 1070370048
DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SHRI SIDDHI VINAYAK INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the study titled “ A STUDY OF MOTIVATIONAL
DETERMINATE OF EMPLOYEES A RATIONAL STUDY OF WIMCO .”, being submitted by me for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of
“A.N.A. COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES BAREILLY (Affiliated to G.B.Technical University, Lucknow). The whole study is a record of my own work and it was conducted at WIMCO PVT LTD. BAREILLY”. The matter embodied in this project report has not been submitted to any Other university or Institution.
RAJNI SINGH MBA IV SEM ROLL NO.1268770051
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It gives me immense pleasure to present an analytical report on A study of safty measures and environment management system, during desigdation report session at WIMCO (an undertaking of ITC), Bareilly. I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to Mr.. ABHIJEET DAS , for his flourishing suggestions, which help me a lot to complete my project.
At last I express my heartiest love to my parents who encourage me in each & every sphere of my family. RAJNI SINGH MBA IV SEM ROLL NO.1268770051
PREFACE The ability to manage is one of the most crucial skills in the world today. It is vital for the continued growth of the advance countries and is an essential element in meeting the aspiration of developing Nations. Of course some people take different views of managing treating it as a bit human behavior along with manager as means of a training personal income and status. Both views are valid the study of management can be both interesting and rewarding. But really compelling force that underlying the serious study of management is its profiled social value. Fortunately our understanding of the process of managing has improved significantly in recent years. The process of modern day management revolves basically around resource conversion. The management has various resources at its disposal via capital, materials, human nature and environment. These resources are converting in to output in the broad social welfare in the community. The financial analysis is distinct among all the finance, as the position and condition of the company comes out.
The Indian Match Industry is poised for interesting and demanding times. The translation of the Industry from a public monopoly to a competitive environment now presents very interesting opportunities, both to the newer players and to customers.
Today is a more competitive and challenging work environment Our law provide many tools for workers about their Health safety and welfare And
Environment
Department
fulfill
all requirements
of
Safety Health workers
SHE
Department covers all the areas which are the most important for effective and efficient working because Wokers are a assests for any Orgnization Keeping in view the future challenges WIMCO is also preparing itself for future. In this project, I have tried to forecast few of the important
Health
Safety
And
Environment policies of WIMCO, with respect to its future plans and the present set objectives of the firm. I have applied best of my efforts to make the study useful to the academicians, practitioners, and many others, who have their interest in the area of SHE ; along with maintaining the originality of the collected data.
RAJNI SINGH MBA IV SEM ROLL NO.1268770051
CONTENTS Part One 1.Introduction of company Profile 3.SHE System of WIMCO 4.SHE policy of the company 5.Organizational Structure of the company 6.Roles and responsibility of Management
Part Two
Safety a. Safety control technique in Wimco b. Hazards assesment c. Risk Assesment d. Training and devlopment e. Fire safety f. Social security g. Accident reporting h. Compansation Provisions at wimco Ltd. i. Emergency Prepardness
Part Three
Health a. Welfare Activities b. Medical Facilities c. Sports d.Canteen e PPE’S
Part Four
Environment a. Guidlines b. Environmental Monitering c. Environment Protection
Part Five a. Roles and regulations 1. Factories Act 2. Environment Protection Act 3. MSIHC Rules 4. Compansation Act 5. Wages Act 6. ESIC Act
Part Six Conclusion Annexure Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
Although technological innovations are reaching at heights, new and new concept are emerging everyday; even then matchboxes can be found in any of the house in present times also.
The common matchbox that is a part of each and almost every household in the modern day world was invented by a chemist, ‘JOHNY WALKER’ of Stockton-ontees, England accidently. While conducting an experiment he has been using a stick to stir a mixture of potash (potassium carbonate) and Antimony. When he scrapped it against the stone floor to get rid of the blob, which had formed on the stick, it rapidly burst into flames.
Today India is one of the leading match manufactures in the world. There are very sort of match manufacturing factories in India in which WIMCO is one of the biggest having Five centers all over the country.
A BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF WIMCO
In the year 1918, the Swedish Company set up its office in India with the objective of manufacturing and selling matches in India. WIMCO Ltd. Is the oldest IndoSwedish venture in the country. It was launched as a private Ltd. Company on 7 th September 1923 under the name of the “WESTERN INDIA MATCH COMPANY LTD”. Within a period of 7 years, five match manufacturing factories set up by WIMCO all over India. They were situated at Calcutta, Chennai, Ambernath, Dhubri and Bareilly. And today-
Region Branch Nothern Region Branch
Place Bareilly
Southern Region Branch
Chennai
Eastern Region Branch
Kolkata
Western Region Branch
Ambernath
Head Office New Delhi
Chennai
Kolkatta
Thane
WIMCO Ltd. Become a public co. Ltd. On 9 th July 1929. The company’s name was changed to its present name and a fresh certificate of incorporation, due to change of name was issued by the Additional Registrar of companies, Maharastra Bombay, on 3 rd December 1975. With the passes of time , the company has engaged itself in the production and sale of the matches, chlorates, perchlorates, bromine, gule and salt.
Sewdish Match Co. who has started the match making in India & even this Bareilly unit has again collaborated in 1991 with the WIMCO Ltd. With 52% Swedish share capital. At present, WIMCO is having 76% Swedish share capital.
Swedish Match Co. has, now introduced their own core value and principles of well being of WIMCO Ltd.
WIMCO Ltd. The Northern Region (Bareilly Branch)
The Nortern region of WIMCO Ltd. Covers whole area of nortern India consisting of UP, Punjab, Delhi, Chhandigarh, Haryana HP, J&K and a part of Rajasthan as well as MP. The Bareilly branch of WIMCO Ltd. In U.P. is located at Clutterbuck Ganj, on BareillyRampur road about 6-7 km. Away from Bareilly City. This factory started production of matches in April 1930 with an initial production output of 130 cases per day (1cases=7200 matchbox). Production at that time included full size, three quarter size boxes filled with 60 sticks (80 sticks in big boxes) and under different labels. Semul was the only of wood used in the production of matches. Employees learnt there their experience and a few were sent to WIMCO Calcutta factory to learn some technical jobs. After 1947, more machinery was added, more men employed & production increased by 460 cases per day. In 1930, the factory employed approximately 450 people and at present the Bareilly branch has approximately 1200 employees. Presently, daily production is 550 cases, in three shifts. Although production process remains unchanged, the newer machines of better quality & capable of producing at a faster rate were installed newer machines of better quality & capable of producing at a faster rate were installed. Now the factory is utilizing poplar wood for production of matches. Also, Bareilly branch has adequate skilled experienced employees with required technical knowledge.
General Information About WIMCO (Bly.Branch)
Established
1929
Area of estate
Approx.22Hec.
Area of factory
Approx.07Hec.
Installed capacity
1.75 Lakh per annum
Product
Safety matchboxes
Present strength
1200
Varieties of Match boxes production Size
Label Brand
Sticks content
32
Homelites (Premium) Karborised
240
1DW
Homelite Karborised
50
5FW
Newship Karborised
50
5FW
Ship Karborised
5FW
Tekka Karborised
50
5FW
Chief Karborised
50
1DW
Horse Head Karborised
50
5FW
AIM
50
50
ABRIVIATION
WIMCO MATSH-CORE VALUES & PRINCIPLES:
Communication: A committee to seek active, open & honest dialogue.
Principle: Talk with people rather them. Seek & listen to the opinion of other. Speak your mind in a constructive way. Ensure that the decision making process in visible.
Teamwork: To develop better solution by working together using collective experience. Principle: Utilize the Swedish match Network. Utilize the power of teams.
Trust: To have confidence in people to say and do what is in the best intrest of Sewish match. Principle: Delegate authority to the appropriate level. Restrain responsibility for delegated work. Meet the expectations of your role. Honour agreement.
INNOVATION: Create an environment that encourages new ideas in all aspects and a willingness to implement. Principle: Accept mistakes & learn from them Regard all ideas as good ideas. Look beyond the horizon.
RECOGNITION: Show continuous interest in people and their performance. Principle: celebrate success. Show genuine interest in people. Give timely & constructive on people’s performance both actual & potential.
PRODUCTION PROCESS The company produces about 600 to 650 cases per day and the annual production is approximately 172000 cases. There are total eight sections in production department. (1) LOGYARD: Wood received from the forest and other source stocks. Water is continuously sprinkled so that the logs of wood do not dry up. (2) PEELING: Under this section, wood is peeled off into layers for the manufacture of splints. Once the splints are manufactured, they are treated with asthophosphoric acid for karborised effect. Then the sticks are dried in cambers with high degree temperature. Therefore, the dried splints are treated with wax & also the defected splints are separated to be recycled in the form of fuel to burn the chamberes. (3) DIPPING: The splints are arranged on the conveyor belt to be dipped into the fire producing chemicals. The matchsticks are producing converting the whole long procedure, which is fully automatic. Not only this, the further packaging process is also 100% automatic. (4) CHAMBON: The printing of labels & side friction is done in chambron section. (5) SLITTING & REWINDING: This section involves the jobs of cutting the outer boxes, paperboards, inner boxes, along with slitting & rewarding. (6) CHRBOARD LINE: Under this section, the boxes are prepared. Here, also the inner.S (7) BOX FILLING: Here, in the empty boxes, matchsticks are filled according to their sizes. Also, excise stamps are affixed on each box.
WORKERS IN WIMCO LTD Since, wimco is a labour retensive unit. So here mostly workers are of contract basis. Those employees who hired for a particular job or for the period of competition of the assigned/ targeted work are called contracted workers. There are also certain firms where only contracted types of workers are engaged. The performance of these workers will be constantly watched on and evaluated. If they are liable to come across the setup norms/standard then they might be promoted to the Trainee type. These are temporary type of workers who are Trainee: are those who are appointed by their own for the purpose of gaining knowledge either of technical work or managerial, if their performance going on well improved continuously can get benefit and attain promotion would be shifted as casual worker to general. WIMCO have so types of worker Trainee: General Casual Contracted Against vacancies like retirement, death etc their department shall gain the opportunity certain period before the date of retirement their young ones can apply and they will be trained for the future period if their performance improved will be transformed. Permanent Manager & Employees Temporary Employees Trainee as per provision of apprentices Casuals Present work force structure excluding sales personnel follows as Under: 40 Managers including Unit Head 160 Supervisors 640 Workers (on Rolls) 140 Casual Labour 07 Security Personnel (on Rolls) 18 Security Personnel (out sourced agency)
SHE Policy of the WIMCO
WIMCO
WIMCO LIMITED
BAREILLY
ENVIROMENTAL HEALTH & SAFETY We at WIMCO LIMITED are committed to conduct operations with utmost concern for the environment and providing safe and healthy working condition for our stakeholders as well as our employees. We therefore undertake to continuously improve the EHS standards, whether regulatory or otherwise and instill a sense of duty in all stakeholders through appropriate means thereby generating a safe and healthy environmental culture. We intend to provide a safe and quality product to our customers.
We appeal to all our stakeholders and employees to demonstrate their duties earnestly and extend their full co-operation and support in accomplishing our intents and commitments.
Occupier Stakeholders include Regular Employees, Contractor/Subcontractor, Transporters, Suppliers, Customers, and Visitors etc.
Orgnizational Structure 1. INDUSTRIASL RELATION POLICY a. It will be endeavor of the company to promote means of securing amity and god relationship with employees at all levels and enhance, bipartite relationship to provide the congenial and effective relationship. b. An effective system of communication between the management and employees shall be maintained to explain the management’s policies, clarify any misgivings and redress any grievance with the least possible delay. c. The grievances and misgivings, if any, shall be viewed not merely from technical and legal stand point but also from human and practical point of view. d. The company will assist in growth in responsible leadership amongst the workmen. e. The company will strive to create an congenial organizational climate to promote proficiency and productivity of the workmen. 2. POLICY: ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE UNIONS: a. The unions will be recognised as a representative of employees, irrespective of the work place or their political affiliations. b. The unions will be kept well informed about developments in and around their constructive suggestions sought while introducting changes which effect work pattern of terms and conditions of service to make the unions sensitised and pro-active in maintaining discipline.
c. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
General Manager
Dpt..Accoun ts Manager
Dpt.Managr Audit
Production manager
Plant service manager
Quality manager
Personnel manager
Staff Assistant Managers
Assistant Managers
Assistant Manager s
Staffs &Workers
Staffs &Workers
Staffs &Workers
Assistant Manager s
Staffs
Roles And Responsibility RESPONSIBILITY FOR ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH & SAFETY -Ensure that the workplace is safe and devise monitoring systems to audit the level of safety -Ensure unit complies with all statutory requirements of the unit -Chair the Central EHS Committee meetings and monitor progress of actions taken -Ensure EHS training is imparted effectively to all employees of the unit which would also include off the job safety as well -Personally monitor emergency planning & evacuation drills periodically Error! Bookmark not defined.
and approve any new equipment ordered for the unit from safety standpoint -Investigate all accidents and near miss incidents with corrective actions. -Maintain accident records -Must be well trained in administering First Aid -Make monthly summary of injury/damages and inspection reports to management -Inspect fire equipment, PPE, and tools -Inspect first aid records on a weekly basis -Ensure EHS training is imparted effectively to all the units’ new and existing employees, permanent or temporary which would also include off the job safety as well -Personally monitor emergency planning & evacuation drills periodically -Track legislation both at Central and State level.
4. Responsibility of Fire Coordinator/Chief Fire Marshal RESPONSIBILITY FOR FIRE COORDINATION -To ensure that fire safety standards and statutes are fully complied. -To carry out periodic (at least once in three months) fire safety inspection of the factory/hotel. -To ensure that factory/hotel fire safety systems are maintained in good condition at all times. -To ensure that factory/hotel staff and members of fire safety organisation are provided with necessary training. -To act as overall in charge of fire fighting operations in case of fire. -Personally monitor emergency planning & evacuation drills periodically
(Water & Energy Manager) RESPONSIBILITY FOR WATER AND ENERGY -Be a qualified Energy Manger/Auditor certified by Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Power. -Set up an effective water & energy management committee in the unit with participation from all departments. -Conduct energy and water audit of the unit
-Map and meter the complete water flow from source of withdrawal to discharge with quantities of consumption at various stages -Map and meter the complete flow of electrical energy from source of withdrawal to all consumption points -Set target consumptions annually for water, electrical, and fuel consumption and ensure a 5% reduction every year. -Track innovative technologies, design & workpractises that can be incorporated in the unit to ensure water & energy savings -Tap renewable energy technologies -Ensure unit achieves zero discharge status. -Ensure 100 % rainwater harvesting
Responsibility of Manager for Waste Management RESPONSIBILITY FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT -Be a qualified manger who is experienced and knowledgeable in waste management. -Ensure that the unit has a fully documented solid waste management policy -Ensure that the unit works towards attaining a “zero waste” status. -Prepare lists of all wastes & their quantities in the unit -Periodically review the waste collection, segregation, measurement, recycling & disposal system -Categorize the wastes as radioactive, bio-medical, hazardous and non-hazardous with recyclability, non-recyclable but biodegradable, non-recyclable & non-biodegradable. -Most effective process of treatment for the categories of the wastes are identified and adopted. -Authorize disposal and maintain waste disposal records -Should ensure that unit complies with the statutes related to wastes and create awareness in all employees regarding the same
-Ensure that the persons employed on handling and treatment of wastes are adequately trained, provided with necessary PPE and their health status monitored
8. Responsibility of EHS Committee Member RESPONSIBILITY FOR ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH & SAFETY -To be present at all EHS Committee meetings at departmental level or Central committee level as applicable without fail. -To undertake hazard spotting tours in your respective area on a monthly basis and highlight the same at the EHS committee meetings and take corrective action on the same. -Participate in EHS training -Help in compiling accident/incident reports in your respective area and forwarding the same to the EHS manager through head of department. -Help in energy and water conservation by way of self audits in your respective area and report progress in EHS meetings -Help in waste management in your respective area by way of monitoring waste collection, segregation, measuring & disposal -To be conversant with fire fighting drills & techniques and to be familiar with the usage of hand appliances -Must be well trained in administering First Aid. -To be well trained in emergency and evacuation drill of the unit.
RESTRICTED ENTRY IN SENSITIVE AREAS The Following sensitive areas should not be allowed to be accessed by all employees Expect by the authorized persons as mentioned against each area. If anyone is required to visit one of the sensitive areas due to some official work he has to accompany one of the authorized persones to have entry into such areas .
However ,record of such special entry should be maintained in the respective areas for inspection by G.M. W and safety Offiser. Sensitive Areas
Authorised Person for Entry
1.WareHouse for Pot. Chlorate Sulphur,Diesel Oil Phosphorus, Phosphoric Acid. Safety Officer, Quality Controller and all Authorized persons.
General Manager W General Manager M Commercial Manager,
2. Lubrication Oil Storage. Safety Officer and all Authorized Persons.
GM W, GM M, TM, PSM
3. Finised Stock Ware-House Supervisor. Despatch Quality Controller Authorized Employees.
GM W, GM M, Safety Officer,
4. Head Composition Room, Prode. Manager, Quality Controller, Authorized Employees.
GM W, GM M, Safety Controller
5. Stick Trolley Storage Area Prod. Manager, Quality Controller, Authorized Employees.
GM W, GM M Safety Manager
6 .E.T.P. Prod. Manager, Quality Controller, Authorized Employees.
GM W, GM M Safety Manager
7. Electrical Dept. Prod. Manager, Quality Controller Authorized Employees.
GM W, GM M Safety Manager
8.Hydrant Pump Room PSM, ASM, Autho. Employ. . 9. Boiler House
GM W, GM M, Safety Officer TM.,
10. General Stores Prode. Manager, Quality Controller Authorized Employees
GM W, GM M Safety Manager
11.Computer Room GM W, GM M, CTR DMR, Safety Officer Autho. Employ. 12.Transformer Room Prode. Manager, Quality Controller Authorized Employees
GM W, GM M Safety Manager
13. Archive Prode. Manager, Quality Controller Authorized Employees
GM W, GM M Safety Manager
14 Quality Control Dept. Prode. Manager, Quality Controller Authorized Employees.
GM W, GM M Safety Manager
Safety control techniques in wimco
Hazard identification and their remeadies: A large percentage of workplace accidents and injuries occur in office buildings. Like the shop or laboratory, the office requires a few preventive measures to ensure a safe and healthful environment.
Common causes of office accidents include the following: a Slipping, tripping, and falling hazards a. Burning, cutting, and pinching hazards b. Improper lifting and handling techniques c. Unobservant and inattentive employees d. Improper office layout and arrangement e. Dangerous electrical wiring f. Exposure to toxic substances g. Good Housekeeping Practices h. Many office accidents are caused by poor housekeeping practices. By keeping the office i. floor both neat and clean, you can eliminate most slipping, tripping, and falling hazards. j. Other good housekeeping practices include the following: k. Ensure that office lighting is adequate and available. Request the Physical Plant to replace l. burned out light bulbs, and have additional lighting installed, as necessary. m. Ensure that electrical cords and phone cords do not cross walkways or otherwise pose a n. tripping hazard. If you cannot move a cord, have a new outlet installed or secure the cord o. to the floor with cord covering strips. Do not tape cords down or run them underneath p. carpet. q. Report or repair tripping hazards such as defective tiles, boards, or carpet immediately. r. Clean spills and pick up fallen debris immediately. Even a loose pencil could cause a s. serious falling injury.
t. Keep office equipment, facilities, and machines in good condition. u. Store items in an approved storage space. Take care to not stack boxes too high or too v. tight. Ensure that boxes are clearly labeled with their contents.
Hazardous Objects and Materials Unauthorized hazardous objects such as knives and firearms are not permitted in the workplace. In addition, hazardous chemicals and materials should not be stored in the general office. Hazardous materials include, but are not limited to, the following: Carcinogens
Combustibles
Flammables
Gas cylinders
Irritants
Oxidizers
Reactives See UTA Laboratory Safety Manual for detailed definitions of the above materials.
Preventing Cuts and Punctures Cuts and punctures happen when people use everyday office supplies without exercising care. Follow these guidelines to help reduce the chance for cuts and punctures: When sealing envelopes, use a liquid dispenser, not your tongue. Be careful when using kitchen knives, scissors, staplers, letter openers, and box openers. Any of these items could cause a painful injury and should only be used for their intended purpose. Avoid picking up broken glass with your bare hands. Wear gloves and use a broom and a dust pan. Contact Custodial Service (2602) for assistance. Place used blades or broken glass in a rigid container, such as a box, before disposing in a wastebasket.
Preventing Machine Accidents Only use machines that you know how to operate. Never attempt to operate an unfamiliar machine without reading the machine instructions or receiving directions from a qualified employee. In addition, follow these guidelines to ensure machine safety: Secure machines that tend to move during operation. Do not place machines near the edge of a table or desk. Ensure that machines with moving parts are guarded to prevent accidents. Do not
remove these guards. Defective guards should be replaced. Unplug defective machines and have them repaired immediately. Do not use any machine that smokes, sparks, shocks, or appears defective in any way. Close hand-operated paper cutters after each use and activate the guard. Take care when working with copy machines. If you have to open the machine for maintenance, repair, or troubleshooting, remember that some parts may be hot. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions for troubleshooting. Unplug paper shredders before conducting maintenance, repair, or troubleshooting. Some items can be very dangerous when worn around machinery with moving parts. Avoid wearing the following items around machines within unguarded moving parts: Loose belts
Jewelry
Long, loose hair
Long, loose sleeves or pants
Scarves
Preventing Slips and Falls As outlined in the General Safety chapter of this manual, the easiest way to avoid slips and falls is to pay attention to your surroundings and to avoid running or rushing. To ensure safety for others in the office, however, follow these guidelines: Arrange office furnishings in a manner that provides unobstructed areas for movement. Keep stairs, steps, flooring, and carpeting well maintained. Ensure that glass doors have some type of marking to keep people from walking through them. Clearly mark any difference in floor level that could cause an accident. Secure throw rugs and mats to prevent slipping hazards. Clean up fluid spills. Do not place wastebaskets or other objects in walkways. Be aware of added risk of falling when entering a building if outside weather is rain or snow.
Preventing Stress To reduce stress and prevent fatigue, it is important to take mini-breaks (not many breaks) throughout the day. If possible, change tasks at least once every two hours. Stretch your arms, neck, and legs often if you do the same type of work for long periods of time. Rest your eyes
often by closing them or looking at something other than the work at hand. For a quick pickme-up, breathe deeply several times by inhaling through your nose and exhaling through your mouth. In addition, always try to eat your lunch somewhere other than your desk. Other examples of stress-relieving exercises that can be done at your desk include the following: Head and Neck Stretch: Slowly turn your head to the left, and hold it for three seconds. Slowly turn your head to the right, and hold it for three seconds. Drop your chin gently towards your chest, and then tilt it back as far as you can. Repeat these steps five to ten times. Shoulder Roll: Roll your shoulders forward and then backward using a circular motion. Upper Back Stretch: Grasp one arm below the elbow and pull gently towards the other shoulder. Hold this position for five seconds and then repeat with the other arm. Wrist Wave: With your arms extended in front of you, raise and lower your hands several times. Finger Stretch: Make fists with your hands and hold tight for one second, then spread your fingers wide for five seconds.
Equipment Safety As mentioned earlier, common office machines, such as the following, require special safety consideration: copiers, microwaves, adding machines, papers shredders, paper cutters, typewriters, and computers. Be sure you know how to operate these machines before using them, and never use one of these machines if you think it is defective. Other office equipment that requires safety consideration includes furniture such as file cabinets and shelves, desks, and chairs.
File Cabinets and Shelves
Because file cabinets and shelves tend to support heavy loads, treat them with special care. Follow these safety guidelines for file cabinets: Secure file cabinets that are not weighted at the bottom. Either bolt them to the floor or to the wall. Ensure that file cabinet drawers cannot easily be pulled clear of the cabinet. Do not block ventilation grates with file cabinets. Open only one drawer at a time to keep the cabinet from toppling. Close drawers when they are not in use. Do not place heavy objects on top of cabinets. Be aware that anything on top of a cabinet may fall off if a drawer is opened suddenly. Close drawers slowly using the handle to avoid pinched fingers. Keep the bottom drawer full. This will help stabilize the entire cabinet. In addition,
follow these safety
guidelines for office shelves: Secure shelves by bolting them to the floor or wall. Place heavy objects on the bottom shelves. This will keep the entire structure more stable. Ensure that there is at least 18 inches between the top shelf items and the ceiling. This space will allow ceiling sprinklers (if present) to function properly if a fire occurs. Do not block ventilation grates with shelves. Never climb on shelves (even lower shelves). Use an approved ladder.
Desks Follow these safety guidelines for office desks: Keep desks in good condition (i.e., free from sharp edges, nails, etc.). Ensure that desks do not block exits or passageways. Ensure that glass-top desks do not have sharp edges. Ensure that desks with spring-loaded tables function properly. The table should not spring forth with enough force to cause an injury. Do not climb on desks. Use an approved ladder. Keep desk drawers closed when not in use. Repair or report any desk damage that could be hazardous.
Chairs Safety guidelines for office chairs include the following: Do not lean back in office chairs, particularly swivel chairs with rollers. Do not climb on any office chair. Use an approved ladder. Office desk chairs should have adjustable back supports and seat height. Make sure that your chair's back support position and seat height are comfortable. Take care when sitting in a chair with rollers. Make sure it does not roll out from under you when you sit down. Repair or report any chair damage that could be hazardous. Do not roll chairs over electrical cords.
Ladders Always use an approved ladder or stool to reach any item above your extended arm height. Never use a makeshift device, such as a desktop, file cabinet, bookshelf, or box, as a substitute for a ladder. Follow these guidelines when using ladders: Do not load a ladder above its intended weight capacity. Place ladders on slip-free surfaces even if they have slip-resistant feet. Secure the ladder if a slip-free surface is not available. Avoid placing ladders in walkways. Secure a ladder if its location could cause an accident. Keep areas around ladders clean and free of debris. Do not use a ladder in front of a door unless the door is locked and barricaded. Refer to the Shop Safety chapter in this manual for more information on ladder safety.
Work Station Arrangement With the extensive use of computers and other automated desk devices in the workplace, employees must take special care to ensure proper work station arrangement. For the purpose of this manual, a work station consists of the equipment and furniture associated with a typical desk job (i.e., desk, chair, and computer components). In recent years, computer screens or Video Display Terminals (VDTs) have received much attention concerning nonionizing radiation levels. Tests prove, however, that VDTs do not emitharmful levels of radiation. Improper work station arrangement combined with repetitive motion, however, may contribute to visual and musculoskeletal fatigue. Cumulative trauma disorders, such as carpal tunnel syndrome may result from the stress of repetitive motion. Therefore, it is very important to arrange your work station properly and to take breaks frequently. The following sections offer recommendations for ensuring employee comfort through proper work station arrangement.
Operator's Position Your seating position at work is important to your comfort and safety. To reduce the painful effects of repetitive motion, follow these guidelines when working with computers or typewriters:
Always sit up straight. Make sure your chair is adjusted to provide adequate support to your back. Place your feet flat on the floor or on a footrest. Lower legs should be approximately vertical, and thighs should be approximately horizontal. The majority of your weight should be on the buttocks. Ensure that there is at least 1 inch of clearance between the top of your thighs and the bottom of the desk or table. Keep your wrists in a natural position. They should not rest on the edge of the desk. Keep the front edge of your chair approximately 4 inches behind your knees. RISK MANAGEMENT IN WIMCO
Five steps to risk assessment A risk assessment is an important step in protecting your workers and your business, as well as complying with the law. It helps you focus on the risks that really matter in your workplace – the ones with the potential to cause real harm. In many instances, straightforward measures can readily control risks, for example ensuring spillages are cleaned up promptly so people do not slip, or cupboard drawers are kept closed to ensure people do not trip. For most, that means simple, cheap and effective measures to ensure your most valuable asset – your workforce – is protected. The law does not expect you to eliminate all risk, but you are required to protect people as far as ‘reasonably practicable’. This guide tells you how to achieve that with a minimum of fuss. This is not the only way to do a risk assessment, there are other methods that
work well, particularly for more complex risks and circumstances. However, we believe this method is the most straightforward for most organisations. What is risk assessment? A risk assessment is simply a careful examination of what, in your work, could cause harm to people, so that you can weigh up whether you have taken enough precautions or should do more to prevent harm. Workers and others have a right to be protected from harm caused by a failure to take reasonable control measures. Accidents and ill health can ruin lives and affect your business too if output is lost, machinery is damaged, insurance costs increase or you have to go to court. You are legally required to assess the risks in your workplace so that you put in place a plan to control the risks. How to assess the risks in your workplace Follow the five steps in this leaflet: Step 1 Identify the hazards Step 2 Decide who might be harmed and how Step 3 Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions Step 4 Record your findings and implement them Step 5 Review your assessment and update if necessary Don’t overcomplicate the process. In many organisations, the risks are well known and the necessary control measures are easy to apply. You probably already know whether, for example, you have employees who move heavy loads and so could harm their backs, or where people are most likely to slip or trip. If so, check that you have taken reasonable precautions to avoid injury. If you run a small organisation and you are confident you understand what’s involved, you can do the assessment yourself. You don’t have to be a health and safety expert. If you work in a larger organisation, you could ask a health and safety advisor to help you. If you are not confident, get help from someone who is competent. In all cases, you should make sure that you involve your staff or their representatives in the process. They will have useful information about how the work is done that will make your assessment of the risk more thorough and effective. But remember, you are responsible for seeing that the assessment is carried out properly. When thinking about your risk assessment, remember: ■hazard is anything that may cause harm, such as chemicals, electricity, working from ladders, an open drawer etc; the ■risk is the chance, high or low, that somebody could be harmed by these and other hazards, together with an indication of how serious the harm could be assessment
Step 1 Identify the hazards First you need to work out how people could be harmed. When you work in a place every day it is easy to overlook some hazards, so here are some tips to help you identify the ones that matter: Walk around your workplace and look at what could reasonably be expected to cause harm. Ask your employees or their representatives what they think. They may have noticed things that are not immediately obvious to you. HSE publishes practical guidance on where hazards occur and how to control them. There is much information here on the hazards that might affect your business. If you are a member of a trade association, contact them. Many produce very helpful guidance. Check manufacturers’ instructions or data sheets for chemicals and equipment as they can be very helpful in spelling out the hazards and putting them in their true perspective. Have a look back at your accident and ill-health records – these often help to identify the less obvious hazards. Remember to think about long-term hazards to health eg high levels of noise or exposure to harmful substances) as well as safety hazards.
Step 2 Decide who might be harmed and how For each hazard you need to be clear about who might be harmed; it will help you identify the best way of managing the risk. That doesn’t mean listing everyone by name, but rather identifying groups of people (eg ‘people working in the storeroom’ or ‘passers-by’). In each case, identify how they might be harmed, ie what type of injury or ill health might occur. For example, ‘shelf stackers may suffer back injury from repeated lifting of boxes’. Remember: some workers have particular requirements, eg new and young workers, new or expectant mothers and people with disabilities may be at particular risk. Extra thought will be needed for some hazards; cleaners, visitors, contractors, maintenance workers etc, who may not be in the workplace all the time; members of the public, if they could be hurt by your activities; if you share your workplace, you will need to think about how your work affects others present, as well as how their work affects your staff – talk to them; and ask your staff if they can think of anyone you may have missed.
Step3 Health and Safety precautions Having spotted the hazards, you then have to decide what to do about them. The law requires you to do everything ‘reasonably practicable’ to protect people from harm. You can work this out for yourself, but the easiest way is to compare what you are doing with good practice. So first, look at what you’re already doing, think about what controls you have in place and how the work is organised. Then compare this with the good practice and see if there’s more you should be doing to bring yourself up to standard. In asking yourself this, consider: Can I get rid of the hazard altogether? If not, how can I control the risks so that harm is unlikely? When controlling risks, apply the principles below, if possible in the following order: try a less risky option (eg switch to using a less hazardous chemical); prevent access to the hazard (eg by guarding); organise work to reduce exposure to the hazard (eg put barriers between pedestrians and traffic); issue personal protective equipment (eg clothing, footwear, goggles etc); and provide welfare facilities (eg first aid and washing facilities for removal of contamination). Improving health and safety need not cost a lot. For instance, placing a mirror on a dangerous blind corner to help prevent vehicle accidents is a low-cost precaution considering the risks. Failure to take simple precautions can cost you a lot more if an accident does happen. Involve staff, so that you can be sure that what you propose to do will work in practice and won’t introduce any new hazards.
Step 4 Record your findings and implement them Putting the results of your risk assessment into practice will make a difference when looking after people and your business. Writing down the results of your risk assessment, and sharing them with your staff, encourages you to do this. If you have fewer than five employees you do not have to write anything down, though it is useful so that you can review it at a later date if, for example, something changes. When writing down your results, keep it simple, for example ‘Tripping over rubbish: bins provided, staff instructed, weekly housekeeping checks’, or ‘Fume from welding: local exhaust ventilation used and regularly checked’. We do not expect a risk assessment to be perfect, but it must be suitable and sufficient. You need to be able to show that: a proper check was made; you asked who might be affected; you dealt with all the significant hazards, taking into account the number of people who could be
involved; the precautions are reasonable, and the remaining risk is low; and you involved your staff or their representatives in the process. There is a template at the end of this leaflet that you can print off and use. If, like many businesses, you find that there are quite a lot of improvements that you could make, big and small, don’t try to do everything at once. Make a plan of action to deal with the most important things first. Health and safety inspectors acknowledge the efforts of businesses that are clearly trying to make improvements. A good plan of action often includes a mixture of different things such as: a few cheap or easy improvements that can be done quickly, perhaps as temporary solution until more reliable controls are in place; long-term solutions to those risks most likely to cause accidents or ill health; long-term solutions to those risks with the worst potential consequences; arrangements for training employees on the main risks that remain and how they are to be controlled; regular checks to make sure that the control measures stay in place; and clear responsibilities – who will lead on what action, and by when. Remember, prioritise and tackle the most important things first. As you complete each action, tick it off your plan.
Step 5 Review your risk assessment and update if necessary workplaces stay the same. Sooner or later, you will bring in new equipment, substances and procedures that could lead to new hazards. It makes sense, therefore, to review what you are doing on an ongoing basis. Every year or so formally review where you are, to make sure you are still improving, or at least not sliding back. Look at your risk assessment again. Have there been any changes? Are there improvements you still need to make? Have your workers spotted a problem? Have you learnt anything from accidents or near misses? Make sure your risk assessment stays up to date. When you are running a business it’s all too easy to forget about reviewing your risk assessment – until something has gone wrong and it’s too late. Why not set a review date for this risk assessment now? Write it down and note it in your diary as an annual event. During the year, if there is a significant change, don’t wait. Check your risk assessment and, where necessary, amend it. If possible, it is best to think about the risk assessment when you’re planning your change – that way you leave yourself more flexibility.
Safety Measures in Factories Introduction Increasing number of accidents involving workers has drawn our attention towards safety measures in the factories. Accidents not only affect workers loosing their livelihood but also employers in terms of compensation to be paid to the workers. Accidents are a significant cause of dispute between workers and management. With the coming in of new set up of industries e.g., steel production, engineering, fertilizers, chemicals and petro-chemicals, oil refining etc., and increasing use of machine power, industrial complexities in terms of process of production have increased. This has given rise to hazards and risks. Safety measures are to be adopted against such risks and hazards. The Factories Act, 1948 has laid down certain measures for the safety of workers employed in the factories. In this part, we shall study about the safety measures in factories.
39.3 Need for safety measures Safety measures result in improving the conditions under which workers are employed and work. It improves not only their physical efficiency, but also provides protection to their life and limb. Inadequate provision of safety measures in factories may lead to increase in the number of accidents. Human failure due to carelessness, ignorance, inadequate skill, and improper supervision have also contributed to accidents, and the consequent need for safety measures. Other factors giving rise to the need for safety measures are: — rapid industrialization with its complexities in manufacturing process and layout; — expansion or modifications in existing factories; — setting up of new industries involving hazards not known earlier; — lack of safety consciousness on the part of both workers and management; — inadequate realisation of the financial implications of accidents.
39.4 Safety Measures Safety measures which are provided in the Factories Act, 1948, are considered to be minimum in terms of adequacy. Such measures are required to be effectively implemented. In addition to
implementing safety measures provided in the Factories Act, there is also need for providing training in safety to workers, and installing safety equipment in the factories. Employers should take the initiative in providing training in safety to employees. Workers’ unions should take interest in safety promotion. Periodic training courses in accident prevention can be organised. Safety should become a habit with employers and the workers alike. The Factories Act provides for the following safety measures:—
(i) Fencing of Machinery In every factory, measures should be taken for secured fencing of machinery. Safeguards of substantial construction must be raised and constantly maintained and kept in position while the parts of machinery (they are fencing) are in motion or in use. Fencing is necessary in respect of: — every moving part of a prime mover; — headrace and tailrace of every water-wheel and water turbine; — every part of an electric generator, a motor or a rotary convertor; — every part of transmission machinery; and — every dangerous part of any other machinery.
Safety Measures in Factories ::27
(ii) Work on or near Machinery in Motion Where in any factory, it becomes necessary to examine any part of machinery, while the machinery is in motion, such examination shall be carried out only by specially trained adult male workers. Such workers shall wear tight fitting clothing and their names shall be recorded in the register prescribed in this connection. The machinery in motion with which such workers would otherwise be liable to come in contact during the course of its examination, shall be securely fenced to prevent such contact. No woman or young person shall be allowed to clean, lubricate or adjust any part of a prime mover or transmission machinery, while the machinery is in motion.
(iii) Employment of Young Persons on Dangerous Machines The Factories Act prohibits employment of young persons on certain types of machines as specified under Sec.23 of the Act. They can work only after they have been fully instructed as to the dangers arising in connection with the machines and the precautions to be observed. They should have received sufficient training in work at such machines. They should be under adequate supervision by a person who has a thorough knowledge and experience of the machines.
(iv) Striking Gear and Devices for cutting off Power In every factory — i)
Suitable striking gear or other efficient mechanical appliances shall be provided and maintained, and used to move driving belts to and from fast and loose pulleys which form part of transmission machinery. Such gear or appliances shall be so constructed, placed and maintained as to prevent the belt from creeping back on to the fast pulley.
ii)
Driving belts when not in use, shall not be allowed to rest or ride upon shaft in motion. In every factory, suitable devices for cutting off power in emergencies from running machinery shall be provided and maintained in every workroom.
(v) Self-acting Machine No traversing part of a self-acting machine in any factory, and no material carried thereon shall, if the space over which it runs, is a space cover which any person is liable to pass, whether in the course of his employment or otherwise, be allowed to run on its outward or inward traverse within a distance of eighteen inches from any fixed structure which is not a part of the machine. This is to safeguard the workers from being injured by self acting machines.
(vi) Casing of New Machinery Every set screw, bolt or key on any revolving shaft, spindle, wheel, or pinion shall be so sunk, encased or otherwise effectively guarded as to prevent danger in all machinery driven by
power and installed in the factory. The State government is authorised to make rules specifying further safeguards to be provided in respect of any dangerous part of any particular machine or class or description of machines in this connection.
(vii) Prohibition of Employment of Women and Children near Cotton openers No women or child shall be employed in any part of a factory where pressing a cotton–opener is at work.
(viii) Hoists and Lifts In every factory— i)
Hoists and lifts shall be of good mechanical construction, sound material and of adequate strength;
ii)
They shall be properly maintained, and shall be thoroughly examined by a competent person at least once in every period of six months. A register shall be kept containing the prescribed particulars of each such examination;
iii)
Every hoistway and liftway shall be sufficiently protected by an enclosure fitted with gates, and the hoist or lift and every such enclosure shall be so constructed as to prevent any person or thing from being trapped between any part of the hoist or lift and any fixed structure or moving part.
iv)
The maximum safe working load shall be plainly marked on every hoist or lift, and no load greater than such load shall be carried thereon.
v)
The cage of every hoist or lift used for carrying persons shall be fitted with a gate on each side from which access is afforded to a landing.
vi)
Every gate shall be fitted with interlocking or other efficient device to secure that the gate cannot be opened except when the cage is at the landing and that the cage cannot be moved unless the gate is closed.
Where in the hoists and lifts used for carrying persons, the cage is supported by rope or chain, there shall be at least two ropes or chains separately connected with the cage and balance weight, and each rope or chain with its attachments shall be capable of carrying the whole weight of the cage together with its maximum load. Efficient devices shall be provided and maintained capable of supporting the cage together with its maximum load in the event of breakage of the rope, chain or attachments. An efficient automatic device shall be provided and maintained to prevent the cage from overrunning.
(ix) Lifting Machines, Chains, Ropes and Lifting Tackles ‘Lifting machine’ means any crane, crab, winch, teagle, pulley block, gin wheel, and runway. ‘Lifting tackle’ means chain slings, rope slings, hooks, shackles and swivels. In every factory, following safety measures shall be adopted in respect of every lifting machine (other than a hoist and lift) and every chain, rope and lifting tackle for the purpose of raising or lowering persons, goods or materials— a)
All parts including the working gear of every lifting machine and every chain, rope or lifting tackle shall be of good construction, sound material and adequate strength, and free from defect; — properly maintained ; and — thoroughly examined by a competent person at least once in every period of twelve months.
b)
No lifting machine and no chain, rope, or lifting tackle shall be loaded beyond the safe working load which shall be plainly marked on it.
c)
While any person is employed or working on or near the wheel track of a travelling crane in any place where he would be liable to be struck by the crane, effective measures shall be taken to ensure that the crane does not approach within twenty feet of that place. A lifting machine or a chain, rope or lifting tackle shall be thoroughly examined in
order to arrive at a reliable conclusion as to its safety.
(x) Revolving Machinery Effective measures shall be taken in every factory to ensure that the safe working peripheral speed of every revolving vessel, cage, basket, flywheel, pulley disc or similar appliance driven by power is not exceeded. A notice indicating the maximum safe working peripheral speed of every revolving machinery shall be put up in every room in a factory in which the process of grinding is
(xi) Pressure Plant If in any factory, any part of the plant or machinery used in amanufacturing process is operated at a presure above atmospheric Safety Measures in Factories pressure, effective measures shall be taken to ensure that the safe working pressure of such part is not exceeded.
(xii) Floors, Stairs, and Means of Access In every factory— a)
All floors, steps, stairs and passages shall be of sound construction and properly maintained, and where it is necessary to ensure safety, steps, stairs, and passages shall be provided with substantial hand rails;
b)
There shall, so far as is reasonably practicable, be provided, and maintained safe means of access to every place at which any person is at any time required to work.
(xiii) Pits, Sumps, openings in floor etc. which may be a source of danger, shall be either securely covered or securely fenced. Securely fencing a pit means covering or fencing it in such a way that it ceases to be a source of danger.
(xiv) Excessive Weights No person shall be employed in any factory to lift, carry or move any load so heavy as to be likely to cause him an injury.
(xv) Protection of Eyes If the manufacturing process carried on in any factory is such that it involves (a) risk of injury to the eyes from particles thrown off in the course of the process or (b) risk to the eyes by reason of exposure to excessive lights, effective screens or suitable goggles shall be provided for the protection of persons employed on, or in the immediate nearness of, the process.
(xvi) Precautions against Dangerous Fumes and use of Portable Light i)
No person shall enter any chamber, tank, vat, pit, pipe or other confined space in a factory in which dangerous fumes are likely to be present to such an extent as to cause risk of persons being overcome thereby;
ii)
No portable electric light of voltage exceeding twenty four volts shall be permitted in any factory for use inside any confined space. Where the fumes present are likely to be inflammable no lamp or light, other than of flame–proof nature, shall be allowed to be used.
iii)
No person in any factory shall be allowed to enter any confined space, until all practicable measures have been taken to reverse any fumes which may be present and to prevent any ingress of fumes.
iv)
Suitable breathing apparatus, reviving apparatus and belts and ropes shall be kept in every factory for instant use. All such apparatus shall be periodically examined and certified by a competent person to be fit for use.
v)
No person shall be permitted to enter in any factory, any boiler, furnace, chamber, tank, pipe, or other confined space for the purpose of working or making any examination until it has been sufficiently cooled by ventilation or otherwise to be safe for persons to enter.
(xvii) Explosive or Inflammable Dust, Gas etc. If any manufacturing process in the factory produces dust, gas, fume, or vapour of such a nature as is likely to explode on ignition, measures shall be taken to prevent any such explosion by:
— effective enclosure of the plant or machinery used in the process; — removal or prevention of the accumulation of such dust, gas, fume or vapour; — exclusion or effective enclosure of all possible source of ignition. Measures shall also be adopted to restrict the spread and effects of the explosion by providing in the plant or machinery of chokes, baffles, vents, or other effective appliances.
(xviii) Precautions in case of fire i)
Every factory shall be provided with such means of escape in case of fire as may be prescribed;
ii)
In every factory, the doors affording exit from any room shall not be locked so that they can not be easily and immediately opened from the inside while any person is within the room, and all such doors, unless they are of sliding type, shall be constructed to open outwards.
iii)
Every door, window or other exit affording a means to escape in case of fire shall be distinctively marked in a language understood by the majority of the workers. Such marking should be in red letters of adequate size or by some other effective and clearly understood sign.
iv)
An effective and clearly audible means of giving warning, in case of fire, to every person shall be provided in the factory.
v)
A free passage–way giving access to each means of escape in case of fire shall be maintained for the use of all workers in the factory.
vi)
Effective measures shall be taken to ensure that in every factory all workers are familiar with the means of escape in case of fire and have been adequately trained in the routine to be followed in such a case.
(xix) Safety of Building and Machinery In case it appears that any building, machinery or plant in a factory is in such a condition that it is dangerous to human life or safety, the manager of the factory may be served an order specifying measures to be adopted as prescribed. Further, in case it appears that the use of any building, machinery or plant in a factory involves imminent danger to human life or safety, an
order may be served prohibiting the use of such building or machinery, until it has been repaired or altered.
Safety measures and efficiency of workers There is a close relationship between safety measures and the efficiency of workers. Efficiency results in increasing the average output per worker. It is reflected in increased productivity. Safety measures are concerned not only with the physical efficiency, and safety of the workers, but also his general well being. Being related with welfare, lack of safety exposes workers to health hazards. It also involves occupational health risks. Indian workers are generally considered to be less efficient as compared to workers in other countries. Such a statement does not reflect any inherent deficiency on the part of workers. It is stated to be due to longer hours of work, low wages, and poor living conditions. Health and safety measures provided in factories are also of poor standard. This may be stated as the basic reason for the inefficiency of workers in India. Climatic factors, illiteracy, low standard of living may also affect the efficiency adversely, but the poor working conditions happen to be the main reasons. Working environment in the factory is not conducive to increased efficiency of worker. Under unhealthy surroundings, we cannot expect workers to put in hard and sustained work. Safety measures as listed above partly prevent workers from being exposed to the risk of accidents, and protection against dust and fumes and inflammable gases, etc. These are partly welfare in nature e.g., preventing employment of young persons on dangerous machines. Other safety measures reduce the strain from working under difficult conditions. There is a close relationship between safety measures and efficiency of workers. — Increase in number of accidents and declining efficiency has led to adoption of safety measures in factories. — The Factories Act, 1948 has laid down certain measures to be adopted for the safety of workers employed in factories.
— The safety measures result in increasing the efficiency of workers. It results in increasing the productivity. It improves not only workers’ physical efficiency, but provide for protection against risks of injury and ill-health. — Safety measures in factories include provision for fencing and prohibition of work on or over the machinery in motion; provision of striking gear and devices for cutting off power; casing of new machinery; hoist and lifts; protection of eyes; precaution against dangerous fumes; explosions and inflammable dust and gas, fire, and provision of safety of buildings and machinery.
WORK PERMIT SYSTEM IN WIMCO LTD.
What Is Work Permit? It is a Systematic Procedure of documenting various steps, that should be taken in Carrying out work in a safe manner along with proper authorization .
What are the legal aspects? The factories act, 1948 and the rules framed thereunder and petroleum act, 1934 and The rules framed there under, etc. have provisions , requiring work permit to carry out certain jobs safely.
What Is the importance of a "Work Permit"? Work Permit is used to insure safe method of work by eliminating possible hazards of Fire ,electrical shock, spillage of chemicals, leackage of gases / vapours, physical injury Due to fall, asphyxiation due to gassing in confined space, etc.
Types of Permit There are various types of condition in an industrial set up in which work permit is of Immense
practical
value to
insure safety of workes, equipment,
environment. The conditions are; 1.
Working at Height
2.
Hot Work
property and
3.
Excavation
4.
Blast Entry
5.
Electrical Maintenance Work etc.
Formet and Administration The Work Permit designed by the user depending upon the type of jobs and precautions
that are to be taken. The formet
also depends on the type
of
documentation required for fixing accountability of issuing agency, permittee, certifying agency, etc.
Elements in a typical Work Permit form; 1.
Type of Permit
2.
Date, time of issue and validity
3.
Location of plant where work is to be carried out
4.
Brief description of the work
5.
Detailed safety precautions to be taken
6.
Name and signature of the person issuing the permit
7.
Name and signature of the permitted.
8.
Authorisation by senior management personnel depending on seriousness of hazard.
9.
Validity of permit.
10
Declaration of the completion of job by permitted with name and signature, date and time.
For effective administration of the system it is advisable to have certain number of copies of the work permit.
Copied to made; 1.
Book copy to be retained by issuing department.
2.
Copy for permitted for display
3.
Copy for fire and safety department
After completion of the work, the permitted will remove the display copy and return to The issuing person with signature indicating the completion of the job.
FIRE AND SAFETY PERMIT HOT WORK / COLD WORK
DATE
TIME
HOURS
NAME OF THE PERSON WHO IS ON THE JOB ……………….
TOKEN NO. ……..
DESCRIPTION OF WORK
DEPARTMENT ……………..
………………………………………………..
PLACE OF WORK ………………………………………………..
Welding work /Gas Cutting /Vessel Entry /Other Hot Work
PRECAUTIONS
1.Whether equipment is isolated
YES
NO
Electrically or mechanically 2.Proper means of EXIT
YES
NO
3.Free from Oil and Combustible material
YES
NO
4.Following personnel protective equipment Must be used 5. Fire equipment provided
YES
We have Checked the job and consider it safe to proceed with the work. Precautions taken for special job not mentioned in the permit
Signature; Production Manager/Maintenance Manager Concerned Departmental Manager Chief Engineer p / General Manager Safety Manager Work Completed a Hours Signature of the person Taking back the job Inspection after 30 minutes by Safety Officer/ Concerned Dep’t. Manager OK/NOT OK Action Required
Action taken by
Rules regarding of Hot Work 1.
Before carrying out Hot Work sufficient no. of hand held type fire extinguisher should be kept at site.
2.
Concerned person should be deployed to operate hydrant pump if necessary and also for keeping watch at the place of hot work.
3.
Safety officer, Plant Service Manager/ Prod. Manager should inspect the
place
of hot work frequently during the course of carrying hot work to ensure that all precautionary measures are in force 4.
For carrying out hot work in odd hour outside the normal working hours and on Holidays all ‘hot work permit’ to be issued by GM or WM in absence of other authorized persons.
5.
The area of hot work should be made free from combustible materials and accumulated dust before starting the actual job.
6.
After completion of the job permit should be returned to the issuing authority duly filled.
7.
An inspection of the place of hot work should be carried out after 30 minutes by safety officer/ security in charge to ensure that everything is safe and that there is no danger of occurrence of fire subsequent to the hot work.
HEALTH HEALTH CONTROL TECHNIQUES IN WIMCO :
Welfare Activates: Canteen Sports & culture Activities
ENVIRONMENT
What is Environment? Our Environment is our surrounding. This includes living and non-living things around us. The non-living components of environment are land, water and air. The living components are germs, plants, animals and people. All plants and animals adjust to the environment in which they are born and live. A charge in any component of the environment may cause discomfort and affect normal life. Any unfavorable change or degeneration in the environment is known as ‘Environmental Pollution. We need to protect our environment to live happily.
How to Maintain a Good Environment? For better environment, all its components should be protected from pollution and the surroundings should be clean. We need to take good care of our land, water resources, forests and atmosphere . it is also necessary to ensure a balance between these resources and living creatures, to meet our needs.
Protection of Land Land is the upper layer of our planet earth. It is made up of soil and rocks. Land stores water and provides a surface to live on. Soil contains nutrients and air to nurse germs and plants. Fertility of the soil has been built up over hundreds of years. Soil is likely to be washed away with rain water or blown away by wind, if it is not protected under the cover of grasses, crops or trees.
Conservation of Water Water is our line. With water, plants grow well, crops yield more and the atmosphere remains cool. Flowing water is also a source of energy and mode of transport. Rain is the main source of water. It is absorbed by soil and stored under the ground. A Part of this water, which is not absorbed, flows into rivers and finally reaches the sea. Being salty, sea water is neither fit for human consumption nor plant growth. It is necessary to keep the water clean fro drinking purpose and conserve it for growing crops and trees.
Protection of Forests Forests is an important part of the environment, because trees clean the air and keep the atmosphere cool. We cannot live without plants, because the oxygen need for breathing is produced by plants. Trees absorb sunlight and reduce the heat. Plants provide fodder for animals, firewood, timber, medicines, honey, wax, gum, lace and food for us. Tree roots penetrate deep into the soil and from cavities in the ground. The dry leaves which fall on ground, cover the soil and absorb more rain water, which slowly percolates through the soil. Thus, a large portion of the rain water can be retained in the field, by planting more trees. Flooding or rivers can be prevented by protecting trees in the forest.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNIQUES IN WIMCO :
WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT: Established Effluent Treatment Plant
NOISE CONTROL : Provide enclosures in machinery and high noise equipment Noise Monitoring Providing Personal Protective Equipments like Earmuff, Ear Plug
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL: Dust Extraction system Scrubber system Dust and smock monitoring Cyclone
WASTAGE MATERIAL TREATMENT : BOILER ASH disposes off to the bricks and land filling agency Hazardous waste sends to the authorised disposal agency
SOCIAL SECURITY
6.1 Social Security caters to the universal human need for reassurance and support in times of unemployment, illness, disability, death and old age. The State bears the primary responsibility for developing appropriate systems for providing protection and assistance to its workforce and their families. Public support systems for social security in India have gained prominence over traditional family support in tune with the trends of urbanization and work place migrations. The dependence on social security varies as per the need and income status.
TOTAL
2212693
Labor and Employment Laws of India The labor enactments in India, is divided into 5 broad categories, viz. Working Conditions, Industrial Relations, Wage, Welfare and Social Securities. The enactments are all based upon Constitution of India and the resolutions taken in ILO conventions from time to time. Indian labor law refers to laws regulating employment. There over fifty national laws and many more state-level laws. Traditionally Indian Governments at federal and state level have sought to ensure a high degree of protection for workers through endorsement of labor laws. While conforming to the essentials of the laws of contracts, a contract of employment must adhere also to the provisions of applicable labor laws and the rules contained under the Standing Orders of the establishment. Indian labor laws divide industry into two broad categories
1. Factory Factories are regulated by the provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 (the said Act). All Industrial establishments employing 10 or more persons and carrying manufacturing activities with the aid of power come within the definition of Factory. The said Act makes provisions for the health, safety, welfare, working hours and leave of workers in factories. The said Act is enforced by the State Government through their ‘Factory’ inspectorates. The said Act empowers the State Governments to frame rules, so that the local conditions prevailing in the State are appropriately reflected in the enforcement. The said Act puts special emphasis on welfare, health and safety of workers. The said Act is instrumental in strengthening the provisions relating to safety and health at work, providing for statutory health surveys, requiring appointment of safety officers, establishment of canteen, crèches, and welfare committees etc. in large factories. The said Act also provides specific safe guards against use and handling of hazardous substance by occupiers of factories and laying down of emergency standards and measures. 2. The Shops & Establishment Act The Shops and Establishment Act is a state legislation act and each state has framed its own rules for the Act. The object of this Act is to provide statutory obligation and rights to employees and employers in the unauthorized sector of employment, i.e., shops and
establishments. This Act is applicable to all persons employed in an establishment with or without wages, except the members of the employers’ family. This Act lays down the following rules: Working hours per day and week. G uidelines for spread-over, rest interval, opening and closing hours, closed days, national and religious holidays, overtime work. Employment of children, young persons and women. Rules for annual leave, maternity leave, sickness and casual leave, etc. Rules for employment and termination of service.
The main central laws dealing with labor issues are given below: 1. Minimum Wages Act 1948 2. Industrial Employment (Standing orders) Act 1946 3. Payment of Wages Act 1936 4. Workmen’s Compensation Act 1923 5. Industrial Disputes Act 1947 6. Employees Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act 1952 7. Payment of Bonus Act 1965 8. Payment of Gratuity Act 1972 9. Maternity Benefit Act 1961
Minimum Wages Act 1948 The Minimum Wages Act prescribes minimum wages for all employees in all establishments or working at home in certain employments specified in the schedule of the Act. Central and State Governments revise minimum wages specified in the schedule. The Minimum Wages Act 1948 has classified workers as unskilled, semi-skilled, skilled; and highly skilled. Industrial Employment (Standing orders) Act 1946 The Industrial Employment Act requires employers in industrial establishments to clearly define the conditions of employment by issuing standing orders duly certified. Model standing orders issued under the Act deal with classification of workmen, holidays, shifts, payment of wages, leaves, termination etc. Generally, the workers are classified as apprentice/trainee; casual; temporary; s ubstitute; probationer; permanent; and fixed period employees
Payment of Wages Act 1936 Under the Payment of Wages Act 1936 the following are the common obligations of the employer Every employer is primarily responsible for payment of wages to employees. The employer should fix the wage period (which may be per day, per week or per month) but in no case it should exceed one month; Every employer should make timely payment of wages. If the employment of any person is being terminated, those wages should be paid within two days of the date of termination; and The employer should pay the wages in cash, i.e. in current coins or currency notes. However wages may also be paid either by cheque or by crediting in employee’s bank account after obtaining written consent
Workmen’s Compensation Act 1923 The employer must pay compensation for an accident suffered by an employee during the course of employment and in accordance with the Act. The employer must submit a statement to the Commissioner (within 30 days of receiving the notice) giving the circumstances attending the death of a worker as result of an accident and indicating whether the employer is liable to deposit any compensation for the same. It should also submit an accident report to the Commissioner within seven days of the accident.
Industrial Disputes Act 1947 The Industrial Disputes act 1947 provides for the investigation and settlement of industrial disputes in an industrial establishment relating to lockouts, layoffs, retrenchment etc. It provides the machinery for the reconciliation and adjudication of disputes or differences between the employees and the employers. Industrial undertaking includes an undertaking carrying any business, trade, manufacture etc. The Act lays down the conditions that shall be complied before the termination/retrenchment or layoff of a workman who has been in continuous service for not less than one year under an employer. The workman shall be given one month’s notice in writing, indicating the reasons for retrenchment and the period of the notice that has expired or the workman has been paid, in lieu of such notice, wages for the period of the notice. The workman shall also be paid compensation equivalent to 15 days’ average pay for each completed year of continuous service. A notice shall also be served on the appropriate government.
Employees Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act 1952 This Act seeks to ensure the financial security of the employees in an establishment by providing for a system of compulsory savings. The Act provides for establishments of a contributory Provident Fund in which employees’ contribution shall be at least equal to the contribution payable by the employer. Minimum contribution by the employees shall be 1012% of the wages. This amount is payable to the employee after retirement and could also be withdrawn partly for certain specified purposes.
Payment of Bonus Act 1965 The payment of Bonus Act provides for the payment of bonus to persons employed in certain establishments on the basis of profits or on the basis of production or productivity. The Act is applicable to establishments employing 20 or more persons. The minimum bonus, which an employer is required to pay even if he suffers losses during the accounting year is 8.33% of the salary.
Payment of Gratuity Act 1972 The Payment of Gratuity Act provides for a scheme for the payment of gratuity to all employees in all establishments employing ten or more employees to all types of workers. Gratuity is payable to an employee on his retirement/resignation at the rate of 15 days salary of the employee for each completed year of service subject to a maximum of Rs. 350,000.
Maternity Benefit Act 1961 The Maternity Benefit Act regulates the employment of the women in certain establishments for a prescribed period before and after child birth and provides certain other benefits. The Act does not apply to any factory or other establishment to which the Employees State Insurance Act 1948 is applicable. Every women employee who has actually worked in an establishment for a period of at least 80 days during the 12 months immediately proceeding the date of her expected delivery, is entitled to receive maternity benefits under the Act. The employer is thus required to pay maternity benefits and/or medical bonus and allow maternity leave and nursing breaks.
THE FACTORIES ACT, 1948 [Act No. 63 of 1948] As amended by the Factories (Amendment) Act, 1987 Sections Title 1.
Short title, extent and commencement
2.
Interpretation
3.
References to time of day
4.
Power to declare different depertments to be separate
5.
Factories or two or more factories to be a single factory
6.
Power to exempt during public emergency
7.
Approval, licensing and registration of factories a.
General duties of the occupier
b.
General duties of manufacturers etc., as regards articlesand substances for use in factories Notice by occcupier
CHAPTER - II The Inspecting Staff 8.
Inspectors
9.
Powers of Inspectors
10.
Certifying Suregons
CHAPTER - III Health 11.
Cleanliness
12.
Disposal of wastes and effluents
13.
Ventilation and temperature
14.
Dust and fume
15.
Artificial humidification
16.
Over-crowding
17.
Lighting
18.
Drinking water
19.
Latrines and urinals
20.
Spittoon
21.
Fencing of machinery
22.
Work on or near machinery in motion
23.
Employment of young persons on dangerous machines
24.
Striking gear and devices for cutting off power
25.
Self-acting machines
26.
Casing of new machinery
27.
Prohibition of employment of women and children near cotton-openers
28.
Hoists and lifts
29.
Lifting machines, chains, ropes and lifting tackles
30.
Revolving machinery
31.
Pressure Plant
32.
Floors, stairs and means of access
33.
Pits, sumps, openings in floors, etc
34.
Excessive weights
35.
Protection of eyes
36.
Precautions against dangerous fumes, gases, etc a. Precautions regarding the use of portable electric light
37.
Explosive or inflammable dust, gas, etc
38.
Precautions in case of fire
39.
Power to require specifications of defective parts or tests
40.
Safety of buildings and machinery a. Maintenance of buildings b. Safety officers
41.
Power to make rules to supplement this Chapterof stability
CHAPTER - IVA Provisions relating to Hazardous processes 41
a. Constitution of Site Appraisal Committees
41
b. Compulsory disclosure of information by the occupier
41
c. Specific responsibility of the occupier in relation to hazardousprocesses
41
d.Power of Central Governments to appoint Inquiry Committee
41
e.Emergency standards
41
f. Permissible limits of exposure of chemical and toxic substances
41
g.Worker's participation in safety management
41
h.Right of workers to warn about imminent danger
CHAPTER - V Welfare.... 42.
Washing facilities
43.
Facilities for storing and drying clothing
44.
Facilities for sitting
45.
First-aid appliances
46.
Canteens
47.
Shelters, rest-rooms and lunch-rooms
48.
Creches
49.
Welfare Officers
50.
Power to make rules to supplement this Chapter
CHAPTER - VI Working hours of adults 51.
Weekly hours
52.
Weekly holidys
53.
Compensator holidays
54.
Daily hours
55.
Intervals for rest
56.
Spread-over
57.
Night shifts
58.
Prohibition of overlapping shifts
59.
Extra wages for overtime
60.
Restriction on double employment
61.
Notice of periods of work for adults
62.
Register of adult workers
63.
Hours of work to correspond with notice under section 61 andregister under section 62
64.
Power to make exempting rule
65.
Power to make exempting orders
66.
Further restrictions on employment of women
67.
Prohibition of employment of young children
68.
Non-adult workers to carry tokens
69.
Certificate of fitness
70.
Effect of certificate of fitness granted to adolescent
71.
Working hours for children
72.
Notice of periods of work for children
73.
Register of child workers
74.
Hours of work to correspond with notice under section 72and register under section 73
75.
Power to require medical examination
76.
Power to make rules
77.
Certain other provisions of law not barred- VIII Annual leave with wages
78.
Application of Chapter
79.
Annual leave with wages
80.
Wages during leave period
81.
Payment in advance in certain cases
82.
Mode of recovery of unpaid wages
83.
Power to make rules
84.
Power to exempt factories
CHAPTER IX Special Provisions 85.
Power to apply the Act to certain premises
86.
Power to exempt public institutions
87.
Dangerous operations a. Power to prohibit employment on account of serious hazard
88.
Notice of certain accident a. Notice of certain dangerous occurences
89.
Notice of certain diseases
90.
Power to direct inquiry into cases of accident or disease
91.
Power to take samples
92.
General penalty for offenses
93.
Liablility of owner of premises in certain circumstances
94.
Enhanced penalty after previous conviction
95.
Penalty for obstructing Inspector
96.
Penalty for wrongfully disclosing results of analysis undersection 91 a. Penalty for contravention of the provisions of sections 41B, 41Cand 41H
97.
Offenses by workers
98.
Penalty for using false certificate of fitness
99.
Penalty for permitting double employment of child
100.
Omitted by the Factories (Amendment) Act, 1987
101.
Exemption of occupier or manager from liability in certain cases
102.
Power of Court to make orders
103.
Presumption as to employment
104.
Onus as to age a. Onus of proving limits of what practicable, etc
105.
Cognizance of offenses
106.
Limitation of prosecution a. Jurisdiction of a Court for entertaining proceedings, etc.for offense
107.
Appeals
108.
Display of notices
109.
Service of notices
110.
Returns
111.
Obligation of workers a. Right of workers, etc.
112.
General Power to make rules
113.
Powers of Centre to give Directions
114.
No charge for facilities and conveniences
115.
Publication of rules
116.
Application of Act to Government factories
117.
Protection to persons acting under this Act
118.
Restriction on disclosure of information a. Restriction on disclosure of information
119.
Act to have effect notwithstanding anything contained in Act 37of 1970
120.
Repeal and savings
Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923 & Workmen’s Compensation Rules, 1924 Object: The objective of this Act is that in the case of an employment injury compensation be provided to the injured workman and in case of his death to his dependants. Employer to pay compensation: In case a personal injury is caused to a workman by accident arising out of and in the course of his employment, his employer is liable to pay compensation in accordance with the provision of the Act within 30 days from the date when it fell due otherwise he would also be liable to pay interest and penalty. When employer is not liable: In case the disablement of workman is three or less days; except in case of death when the injury is caused due to influence of drink or drug taken by the
workman or upon his wilful disobedience to obey safety rules or removal of safety guards by him. Amount of compensation : (1) in case of death:- an amount equal to 50% of the monthly wage multiplied by the relevant factor as given in Schedule IV of the Act or Rs. 80,000/whichever is more. (2) In case of permanent total disablement, it is 60% or Rs. 90,000/whichever is more and (3) In case of permanent partial disablement occurs then the compensation is proportionate to the disability arrived as at (2) above. Notice: An injured person or his dependants have to give a notice to the employer to pay compensation. Claim: Upon the failure or refusal of an employer to give compensation, an application is to the made in Form to the Commissioner under the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923 who is the Assistant Labour Commissioner or the Labour-cum-Conciliation Officer of the area where the accident took place or where the claimant ordinarily resides or where the employer has his registered office. After hearing both the parties, the Commissioner decides the claim. Contracting out: Any contract or agreement whereby an injured person or his dependant relinquishes or reduce his right to receive compensation is null and void to that extent. Appeal: An appeal lie to the High Court against the orders of the Commissioner with regard to the awarding or refusing to award compensation, or imposing interest or penalty, or regarding distribution of compensation etc. Recovery : The amount of compensation awarded by the Commissioner is to be recovered as arrears of land revenue.
EMPLOYEES’ STATE INSURANCE ACT, 1948 [Act No. 34 of Year 1948, dated 19th. April, 1948] An Act to provide for certain benefits to employees in case of sickness, maternity and employment injury and to make provision for certain other matters in relation thereto Whereas it is expedient to provide for certain benefits to employees in case of sickness, maternity and employment injury and to make provision for certain other matters in relation thereto;
It is hereby enacted as follows: (1) This Act may be called the Employees' State Insurance Act,1948. (2) It extends to the whole of India
Persons who have a right of insurance a. Wife (d) a widowed daughter-in-law, (e) a minor child of a pre-deceased son, (f) a minor child of a pre-deceased daughter where no parent of the child is alive, or (g) a paternal grand-parent if no parent of the insured person is alive,]
EMPLOYEES' PENSION SCHEME - 1995 Coverage 6.9 Employees' Pension Scheme, 1995 has been introduced w.e.f. 16.11.1995. With the introduction of the Pension Scheme, the erstwhile Family Pension Scheme, 1971 has ceased to operate. However, the pensioners who were drawing benefits under the erstwhile Family Pension Scheme, 1971 will continue to draw Family Pension under the Employees' Pension Scheme, 1995.
Eligibility 6.10 Members on attaining the age of 58 years and having rendered minimum ten years’ contributory service (including the membership period and with ceased Family Pension Scheme, 1971) shall qualify for superannuation Pension. Those members who serve less than 10 years shall be eligible for scheme certificate or withdrawal benefit as the case may be.
Benefits under the Scheme
6.11 Employees' Pension Scheme, 95 provides the following benefit package: • Superannuation on attaining the age of 58 years. • Retirement benefit • Permanent total disablement • Death during service • Death after retirement/superannuation/permanent total disablement. • Children pension • Orphan pension. 6.12 The category-wise break up of pension claims (all benefits) settled by EPFO during the year 2002-2003 is indicated in the following Table.
CATEGORY OF CLAIMS
NO. OF CLAIMS SETTLED
Monthly Pension Benefits
356870
Life Assurance Benefit
3758
Retirement-cum-withdrawal benefit
1832052
Refunds
20013
CHECK LIST SAFE WORKING AND HOUSE KEEPING
01.
All machine guard covers/chain covers are in position YES
NO
02. YES
All fire fighting equipments in working condition. NO
03.
Fire fighting extinguishers are in proper positions. YES
NO
04. Used fire extinguishers sent for refilling. YES
NO
v
05. Paraffin temperature is not beyond 145%c. YES
NO
06. House keeping is proper. YES
NO
07. Drain covers in good condition. YES
NO
09. Tray corner joints properly fitted. YES
NO
08. Drain covers in position. Good
Bad
10. Steam valves/steam lines leaking. YES
NO
11. Trolly wheels in good condition. YES
NO
12. Presence of dust in department. YES
NO
13. No loose electrical wiring open circuits etc. YES
NO
14. No dry composition near the dipping Table YES
NO
ANNEXURE 2 CHECK LIST SAFE WORKING AND HOUSE KEEPING
01.
All machine guard covers/chain covers are in position
02.
All fire fighting equipments in working condition
03.
Fire fighting extinguishers are in proper positions.
04. Used fire extinguishers sent for refilling.
05. Paraffin temperature is not beyond 145%c.
YES/NO
YES/NO
YES/NO
YES/NO
YES/NO
06. House keeping is proper.
07. Drain covers in good condition .
09. Tray corner joints properly fitted.
YES/NO
08. Drain covers in position.
YES/NO
10. Steam valves/steam lines leaking.
YES/NO
11. Trolly wheels in good condition.
YES/NO
12. Presence of dust in department.
YES/NO
13. No loose electrical wiring open circuits etc.
YES/NO
14. No dry composition near the dipping Table
YES/NO
BIBLEOGRAPHY INTERNET SOURSES WWW.ITC LTD.CO.IN WWW.GOOGLE .COM BOOKS LABOUR LEGIGLATION & EMPLOYEE ENACTMENT
