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KESELAMATAN KERJA
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LATAR BELAKANG KESELAMATAN KERJA KECELAKAAN INDUSTRI KIMIA
LATAR BELAKANG KESELAMATAN KERJA KECELAKAAN INDUSTRI KIMIA
KECELAKAAN
Many potential dangerous chemical substances ris! ris!"" #eath or #eath or personal in$ury %igh potential potential magnitude o& the occured e'plosion (inancial loss occured loss occured a&ter disaster accident loss) damage or destruction o& property other than the product itsel&" %ealth*care + continuous e'posure to error impact impact""
Kecelakaan industri terutama disebabkan oleh HUMAN FAILURE di mana sering ditemukan !aktor manusia dalam "enelusuran sebab ter#adin$a kecelakaan% &encegahan kecelakaan harus menem"ati "erhatian $ang khusus dalam !ungsi mana#erial secara keseluruhan%
Bagian mana#emen kekhususan 'insin$ur teknisi "erancang !ield o"erator lembaga "elatihan( sering kurang menghargai kebutuhan untuk menga"likasikan "rinsi")"rinsi" "encegahan terhada" kecelakaan di dalam lingku" ker#a mereka% Metode $ang tidak aman meru"akan "ro"orsi tertinggi dari "en$ebab ter#adi kecelakaan% Keselamatan harus men#adi bagian $ang integral dari "elaksanaan industri mana"un dan harus men#adi bahan "ertimbangan se#ak taha" "erancangan taha" "erencanaan "roduksi serta "elatihan o"erator%
TANGG+NG JA)A; MANAJEMEN KESELAMATAN AN KESE3ATAN KERJA Tanggung jawab manajemen sebuah perusahaan ang ber!a"#an engan !ese%ama#an !erja a%am !eg"a#an "nus#r" Tanggung #a*ab Ekonomi Bia$a kecelakaan akibat kecelakaan dalam "abrik berimbas langsung "ada hasil "roduksi dan keselamatan "eker#a la"angan merugikan "erusahaan "enanam saham kar$a*an secara keseluruhan dan "elanggan% Bia$a mem"erkenalkan dan mem"ertahankan organisasi keselamatan ker#a untuk mengurangi serta mengeliminasi kecelakaan% Tanggung #a*ab terhada" +umber Da$a Manusia Ke*a#iban untuk men$ediakan lingkungan ker#a $ang aman dan sehat men$ediakan "roses ker#a $ang aman dalam rangka "roduksi maksimal% Ke*a#iban untuk mengambil langkah)langkah eliminasi kondisi tidak aman $ang da"at berakibat ter#adin$a luka kematian stress dan hal lainn$a $ang ter#adi "ada setia" kar$a*an mau"un keluargan$a Tanggung #a*ab Legislati! Memastikan ter"enuhin$a undang)undang mengenai kecelakaan industri keamanan terhada" kesehatan dan kebakaran% ,ndang)undang ini terutama untuk melindungi kar$a*an dan mas$arakat secara umum dan tidak han$a untuk melindungi bisnis $ang di#alankan "erusahaan%
AS(EK (ENTNG KESELAMATAN KERJA ALAM KEGATAN N+STR KE+ELAMATAN KER.A +ANGATLAH &ENT-NG DALAM -ND,+TR- KARENA BEBERA&A A+&EK BER-K,T2 &rodukti3itas Kecelakaan dalam industri akan menghambat "roduksi atau bahkan menghentikann$a% Dengan demikian akan ter#adi loss of man-hour dan loss of material % -n3estasi Kecelakaan dalam industri akan berakibat terhada" in!rastruktur mau"un mesin dan "eralatan $ang ada di dalamn$a% Dengan demikian akan ter#adi loss of asset di mana aset $ang semula dihara"kan da"at membantu "roduksi hingga #angka *aktu lama akan berkurang atau habis% IME J PERUSAHAAN IMEJ Kecelakaan dalam industri menimbulkan masalah ke"erca$aan terhada" lingkungan serta "roses industri $ang di#alankan "erusahaan% Masalah ini berkaitan dengan ke"erca$aan in3estor untuk teta" menanamkan modaln$a ke"erca$aan "elanggan untuk teta" membeli serta ke"erca$aan kar$a*an terhada" mana#emen "erusahaan%
PENGENALAN BAHAN BERBAHAYA
US Department of Transportation Regulation
Hazardous Material Ma#er"a%s #ha# were (%ammab%e ep%)s"e +)rr)s"e #)"+ ra")a+#"e )r "( "# rea"% e+)mp)ses #) )gen a# e%ea#e #empera#ures.
Seti"ns "f an MSDS an heir Si!nifiane SA s#eifies the inf"rmati"n t" %e inle "n an MSDS, %t "es n"t #resri%e the #reise f"rmat f"r an MSDS* A n"n manat"ry MSDS f"rm (see SA "rm 174 "n #a!e 6 "f this manal) that meets the aar "mmniati"n Stanar re.irements has %een isse an an %e se as is "r e-#ane as neee* he MSDS mst %e in :n!lish an mst inle at least the f"ll"&in! inf"rmati"n* /S #epartment o& Labour Occupational
MATER-AL -+ ,NL-KEL5 T1 A00,M,LATE A +TAT-0 0HARGE H-0H 01,LD A0T A+ AN -GN-T-1N +1,R0E
+E0T-1N - ) 4-RE AND E&L1+-1N HAZARD DATA 4LA+H &1-NT'0losed cu"(
)?:o0);o4%
A&&R1-MATE 4LAMMABLE L-M-T+2 ?%J)9@%?J
ET-NG,-+H-NG MED-A 2 ater +"ra$ Dr$ 0hemical 0arbon Dio=ide '01?( Alcohol 4oam +&E0-AL 4-RE4-GHT-NG &R10ED,RE+2 ear sel!)contained breathing a""aratus and "rotecti3e clothing% ,+E ATER -TH 0A,T-1N% The !ire could easil$ be s"read b$ the use o! *ater in an area *here the *ater could not be contained% ,se *ater s"ra$ to kee" !ire)e="osed containers cool% ater ma$ be ine!!ecti3e in !ighting the !ire% HAZARD1,+ 01MB,+T-1N &R1D,0T+2 0arbon Dio=ide 0arbon Mono=ide ,N,+,AL 4-RE AND E&L1+-1N HAZARD+2 E=tremel$ !lammable% a"ors ma$ cause a !lash !ire or ignite e="losi3el$% a"ors ma$ tra3el considerable distance to a source o! ignition and !lash back% &re3ent backu" o! 3a"ors or gases to e="losi3e concentrations% +E0T-1N ) REA0T--T5 DATA +TAB-L-T5
2 +table
-N01M&AT-B-L-T5
2 Material can react 3iolentl$ *ith strong o=idi/ing agents strong acids%
HAZARD1,+ &1L5MER-ZAT-1N
2 ill not occur
+E0T-1N - ) HEALTH HAZARD DATA E44E0T+ 14 E&1+,RE2 E=tensi3e human e="erience and animal data indicate that acetone is o! lo* to=icit$% Ho*e3er ingestion o! 3er$ large amounts or inhalation o! e=tremel$ high 3a"or concentrations can cause irritation nausea 3omiting con!usion dro*siness con3ulsions and coma *ith "ossible li3er and kidne$ in#ur$% Based on animal data and structure)acti3it$ relationshi"s this "roduct is N1T e="ected to cause ner3ous s$stem damage% -NHALAT-1N HEALTH R-+K+ AND +5M&T1M+ 14 E&1+,RE2 High 3a"or concentrations ma$ cause dro*siness and irritation% +K-N AND E5E 01NTA0T HEALTH R-+K+ AND +5M&T1M+ 14 E&1+,RE2 E$es2 0auses ittitation to the e$es% Ho*e3er immediate !lushing o! the e$es *ith *ater *ill minimi/e an$ irritati3e e!!ect% High 3a"or concentrations ma$ cause irritation to the e$es% +hin2 &rolonged or re"eated contact ma$ cause dr$ing cracking or irritation% -NGE+T-1N HEALTH R-+K+ AND +5&T1M+ 14 E&1+,RE2 E="ected to be a lo* ingestion ha/ard% 0AR0-N1GEN-0-T5 0LA++-4-0AT-1N2 -nternational Agenc$ !or Research on 0anser '-AR0(2 Not Listed American 0on!erence o! Go3ernmental -ndustrial H$gienists 'A0G-H(2 Not Listed National To=icolog$ &rogram 'NT&(2 Not Listed 1ccu"ational +a!et$ O Health Administration '1+HA(2 Not Listed 0hemical's( sub#ect to the re"orting reCuirements o! +ection @9@ or Title --- o! the +u"er!und Amendments and Reauthori/ation A0T '+ARA( o! 98 and ;: 04R &art @I?2 N1NE +ARA ',+A( +ections @99 and @9? ha/ard classi!ication's(2 4ire ha/ard immediate 'acute( health ha/arad% MED-0AL 01ND-T-1N+ GENERALL5 AGGRAATED B5 E&1+,RE2 Do not use this "roduct i! $ou ha3e chronic lung or breathing "roblems% EMERGEN05 AND 4-R+T A-D &R10ED,RE+2 -nhalation2 Mo3e to !resh air% Treat s$mtomaticall$% Get medical attention i! s$m"toms "ersist% E$es2 -mmediatel$ !lush *ith "lent$ o! *ater !or at least 96 minutes% -! eas$ to do remo3e contact lenses% Get medical attention% -n case o! irritation !rom airborne e="osure mo3e to !resh air% Get medical attention i! s$m"toms "ersist% +kin2 ash *ith soa" and *ater% Remo3e contaminated clothing and shoes% Get medical attention i! s$m"toms occur% ash contaminated clothing be!ore reuse%
+E0T-1N -- ) &RE0A,T-1N+ 41R +A4E HANDL-NG AND ,+E +TE&+ T1 BE TAKEN -N 0A+E MATER-AL -+ RELEA+ED 1R +&-LLED2 Remo3e all sources o! ignition's"arks !lames and hot sur!aces(% A3oid breathing 3a"ors% entilate area% Remo3e *ith an inert absorbent and non) s"arking tools% A+TE D-+&1+AL METH1D2 Dis"osed in accordance *ith state !ederal and local regulations% Do not incinerate closed containers% &RE0A,T-1N+ T1 BE TAKEN -N HANDL-NG AND +T1R-NG2 Kee" containers tightl$ closed in a cool dr$ *ell 3entilated area a*a$ !rom all "ossible ignition sources% +tore large Cuantities o! material in buildings designed !or the storage o! !lammable liCuids% 1THER &RE0A,T-1N+2 Em"lo$ees should be trained in sa!et$ measures that should be taken *hen using this "roduct%
+E0T-1N --- ) 01NTR1L MEA+,RE+ RE+&-RAT1R5 &R1TE0T-1N2 A3oid breathing 3a"ors or s"ra$ mist% ear a "ro"erl$ !itted res"irator a""ro3ed b$ N-1+HM+HA 'T0)?@c(!or use *ith "aints during a""lication and until all 3a"ors are e=hausted% -n con!ined areas or *here continueuous s"ra$ o"erations are t$"ical or "ro"er res"irator !it is not "ossible *ear a "ositi3e)"ressure su""lied air res"irator 'T0)98c(% -n all cases !ollo* res"irator manu!actures directions !or res"irator use% Do not allo* an$one *ithout "rotection in the area% ENT-LAT-1N2 &ro3ide su!!icient 3entilation to kee" contaminates belo* a""licable 1+HA reCuirements% &R1TE0T-E GL1E+2 Neo"rene glo3es im"er3ious to organic sol3ents recommended% E5E &R1TE0T-1N2 ,se sa!et$ e$e*ear designed to "rotect against liCuid s"lash% 1THER &R1TE0T-E 0L1TH-NG 1R E,-&MENT2 -m"er3ious co3eralls recommended% 1RKH5G-EN-0 &RA0T-0E+2 E$e *ash and sa!et$ sho*ers in the *ork "lace are recommended% ash hands be!ore eating and smoking%
+E0T-1N - ) D-+0LA-MER The in!ormation contained in this sa!et$ data sheet is in!ormation !rom our su""liers and other sources% -t is belie3ed to be reliable% This data is not to be taken as a *arrant$ or re"resentation !or *hich this com"an$ assumes legal res"onsibilit$% e a""reciate $our interest in 6 +tar Autobod$ &roductsP 4or more in!ormation about these and other 6 +tar Autobod$ &roducts or !or the location o! the 6 +tar Distributor nearest $ou contact us at2
:mer!eny #lan A series "f #r"eres f"r hanlin! sen ne-#ete sitati"ns* %jeti$es is ree the #"ssi%le "nse.enes "f the emer!eny %y
re aars he #"ssi%ility "f "ne e$ent tri!!erin! "thers mst %e "nsiere An e-#l"si"n may start a fire an ase falire An earth.a'e mi!ht initiate all the e$ent n"te in the list "f hemial an #hysial haars
:lements "f :mer!eny lan All #"ssi%le emer!enies, "nse.enes, re.ire ati"n, &ritten #r"eres an the res"res a$aila%le Detaile list "f #ers"nnel inlin! their h"me tele#h"ne nm%ers, their ty an res#"nsi%ilities l""r #lans >ar!e sale ma#s sh"&in! e$aati"n r"tes an ser$ie "nlts (sh as !as an &ater lines)
Gene#al guidelines "o# o#=lace e>e#genc& lan
49?ec!i8es, a %rief smmary "nsists the #r#"se "f #lans
" ree hman injry an ama!e t" #r"#erty in an emer!eny " s#eifies staff mem%ers &h" may #t the #lan int" ati"n " ientifies learly &h"se staff mem%ers mst %e "n the site at all times &hen the #remises are "#ie " iniate learly the e-tent "f ath"rity "f a%"$e #ers"nnel
:mer!eny r!aniati"n :mer!eny "r!aniati"n lea %y an emer!eny ""rinat"r A##"inte an traine ini$ial at as :mer!eny ""rinat"r as 'ey in ensrin! that #r"m#t an effiient ati"n is ta'en t" minimie l"ss, an ha$e #"ssi%ility t" reall "ff ty em#l"yees t" hel# S#eifi ties, res#"nsi%ilities, ath"rity an res"res "f emer!eny "r!aniati"n mst %e learly efine*
Resonsi9ili!ies o" E>e#genc& ;e#"rtin! the emer!eny 4#gania!ion
re#lanne ""rinatin! simlati"n is neessary t" a$"i "nflitin! res#"nsi%ilities sh as fire %ri!aes, #"lie, am%lane ser$ie, rese s.as an first ai team &hih mst %e "n the sene simltane"sly* An a #reetermine hain "f "mman in sh sitati"n is re.ire t" a$"i "r!aniati"nal iffilties* ner ertain irmstanes an "tsie a!eny an assme "mman
entifie e$aati"n r"tes, alternate means "f esa#e, ma'e these 'n"&n t" all staffs, 'ee# the r"tes n"%strte S#eify safe l"ati"n f"r staff t" !ather f"r hea "nts t" ensre that e$ery"ne has left the an!er "ne* Assi!n ini$ials t" assist hanya##e em#l"yees in emer!eny arry "t treatment "f the injre an searh f"r the missin! simltane"sly &ith eff"rts t" "ntain the emer!eny r"$ie alternate s"res "f meial ai &hen n"rmal failities may %e in an!er "ne "ntainin! the e-tent "f the #r"#erty l"ss sh"l %e!in "nly &hen the safety "f all staff an nei!h%"rs at ris' has %een learly esta%lishe
(#ocedu#e Tes!ing and Re8ision
:-erise an rills may %e "nte t" #ratise all "r ritial #"rti"ns sh as e$aati"n "f the #lan An annal fll sale e-erise &ill hel# in maintainin! a hi!h le$el "f #r"fieny Kn"&le!e "f ini$ial res#"nsi%ilities an %e e$alate thr"!h #a#er tests "r inter$ie& A th"r"!h an immeiate re$ie& after eah e-erise, rill "r after an atal emer!eny &ill #"int "t areas that re.ire im#r"$ement ;e$ise &hen sh"rt"min! ha$e %e"me 'n"&n, an sh"l %e re$ie&e at least annaly han!es in #lant infrastrtre, #r"esses, material se an 'ey #ers"nnel are "asi"ns f"r #atin! #lan
Ala! #o!e=si !ida= ada ;e#ada dala> ling=ungan dengan =e9e#adaan a! >uda !e#9a=a#
Ala! #o!e=si >ini>
Ala! #o!e=si !e#sedia dengan cu=u, ins!alasi !e#isolasi dengan 9ai=
Ke!e#sediaan a=!u e8a=uasi e8a=uasi
Ku#ang da#i % >eni!
An!a#a %-C0 >eni!
Le9i da#i C0 >eni!
3ABAR A ANALDSS
The identification of undesired event, that leads to the materialisation of the hazard hazard The analysis of the mechanisms by which those undesired event could occur The estimation of the extent, magnitude and relative likehood of any harmful effects
3ABAR A ANALDSS 7 a 5 a r A n a ly s is 3 R A 7 a 5 a r 4 e n t ifi( a t i" n a n ; is ' A s s e s m e n t
3 A B , 7 a 5 a r 4 e n t ifi( a t i" n
3 A B 4 ( 7 a 5 a r a n 6 # e r a % i lit y S t ) y
0,12 G 5,80 G 83,7 G 4,95 G 3,30 G 0,70 G 0,80 G 0,30 G 0,20 G 0,13 G
r"' ="ntan! >?B lant K"m#"sisi >?B 1 min 85 G ?2 ma- 1 G 4 ma- 2 G 5H ma- 0,1 G 2S ma- 0,025 ##%& / 100 S Slfr ma- 1,3 !r / 100 S Densit Den sitas as min 453 '! / m3
r"' ="ntan! >?B lant ("ntine**) K"m#"sisi >B r"#ana 2 ma- 1,86 G 3 min 96,25 G 4 ma- 1,89 G K"m#"sisi >B %tana 3 ma- 4,64 G 4 min 94,84 G 5H ma- 0,88 G
Dila''an #aa 4 #latf"rms nif"rm "m#le- l"& = CA C l"& K latf"rms KA K r"ess K "m#ressi"n yan! terh%n! en!an nif"rm "m#le-
Me!odologi S!udi Ko2o! Ke3a2a
$esk4i3si
No
Nomor yang dire&erensi
Guide ord F #e:iation
Kata*!ata panduan yang di$adi!an standard untu! menganalisis dan menentu!an potensi masalah
Type
#es!ripsi !onse!uensi dampa! yang mung!in ter$adi dari penyebab Tersebut Jenis masalah yang terlibat termasu! operasional) !eselamatan) !euangan dan peraturan