KATIPUNAN
FOUNDING OF THE THE KATIPUNAN KATIPUNAN •
Founded on the night of July 7, 1892.
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Azcarraga St. (Claro M. Recto St.)
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The Katipunan was a secret revolutionary society of Filipino patriots. Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan Founder: Andres Bonifacio, with the aid of his friends: –
Teodoro Plata
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Ladislao Diwa
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Deodato Arellano
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Valentin Diaz
Aim of KKK •
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To unite the Filipinos
To fight for Philippine Independence
Andres Bonifacio •
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The Great Plebeian Born in Tondo on November 30, 1863, the first child of poor parents. Named after St. Andrew the patron saint of Manila. He had three brothers and two sisters: –
Ciriaco
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Procopio
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Espiridiona
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Troadio
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Maxima
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His parents died when he was 14 years old. He supported his siblings by selling bamboo canes and paper fans in the city streets. He also worked as a warehouse keeper in a mosaic tile factory in Sta. Mesa. He worked first as a messenger and was promoted as an agent in Fleming and Company but he transferred to Fressell and Company for a higher wage.
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He started his education in the school of Guillermo Osmeña, a private primary school in Tondo. He educated himself by extensive reading of good books and learning Spanish by self-study. Monica – first wife of Bonifacio who died because of leprosy Gregoria de Jesus – second wife of Bonifacio whom he had a son named Andres who died because of smallpox.
Emilio Jacinto •
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Brains of the Katipunan
Born in Trozo (Tondo), Manila on December 15, 1875. His father died shortly after he was born so he was adopted by his uncle Don Jose Dizon
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Obtained the Bachelor of Arts’ degree in Colegio de San Juan de Letran
Studied Law in UST but was not able to finish it. Remained loyal to Bonifacio even after his death. He died on April 16, 1899 at the age of 23 years old because of Malaria.
Katipunan Government •
Kataastaasang Sanggunian (Supreme Council) – for the whole country –
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Consisted of a president, a fiscal, a secretary, a treasurer, and a comptroller.
Sangguniang Bayan (Provincial Council) – for every province. Sangguniang Balangay (Municipal Council) – for every town. The Judicial power of KKK was exercised by the Sangguniang Hukuman (Judicial Council) –
It decided cases involving treachery among the members and quarrels between them.
Officers of KKK •
The first Supreme Council of the Katipunan was organized in August 1, 1892. It was composed of the following:
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President (Supremo) – Deodato Arellano
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Comptroller (Intervenor) – Andres Bonifacio
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Fiscal – Ladislao Diwa
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Secretary –Teodoro Plata
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Treasurer – Valentin Diaz
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Deodato Arellano – was the first President of Katipunan. Roman Basa- became the Supremo because Bonifacio was disgusted over the performance of Arellano. Two years after, another election was held with the following as officers:
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Supremo – Andres Bonifacio
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Secretary of State – Emilio Jacinto
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Secretary of War – Teodoro Plata
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Secretary of Justice – Briccio Pantas
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Secretary of Interior – Aguedo del Rosario
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Secretary of Finance – Enrique Pacheco
KATIPUNAN MEMBERSHIP •
Originally the KKK recruited new members by means of TRIANGLE SYSTEM –
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An original member would recruit two new members who did not know each other. Example: Bonifacio formed the first triangle with Diwa and Plata
They also agreed that they would pay a membership fee amounting to one real fuerte (twenty-five centavos) and a monthly due of media real (twelve centavos).
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Every member of the Katipunan adopted a symbolic name: –
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Andres Bonifacio – May Pagasa Emilio Jacinto – Pingkian Artemio Ricarte – Vibora Emilio Aguinaldo – Magdalo
Three Grades of the Katipunan Membership: –
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Katipun (Associate) – first grade, password was ANAK NG BAYAN Kawal (Soldier) – second grade, password was GOMBURZA Bayani (Patriot) – third grade, password was RIZAL
Women of the Katipunan •
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At the beginning, the Katipunan was exclusively for men. Women were later admitted to preserve peace in the family, because the wives of the Katipuneros were becoming jealous of the nightly absences of their husbands and the reduction of their monthly earnings.
Qualifications for Female Members •
Wife of a Katipunero
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Daughter of a Katipunero
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Sister of a Katipunero
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Any close relative of a Katipunero
Prominent Katipuneras •
Gregoria de Jesus – wife of Bonifacio and was called Lakambini of the Katipunan.
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Maria Dizon – cousin of Emilio Jacinto
Sisters of Rizal Josefa Rizal
Trinidad Rizal
Melchora Ramos y Aquino •
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Tandang Sora (January 6, 1812 – March 2, 1919) Mother of the Katipunan She fed the Katipuneros and nursed the wounded patriots Later she was arrested by the Spanish authorities and was exiled in Marianas.
Services of the Women in the Katipunan •
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They guarded the secret documents and paraphernalia of the society. They helped recruiting new members of the society. Whenever the Katipuneros were holding their secret meeting, they held a gay party to cover up the revolutionary activity.
Literature of the Katipunan •
Emilio Jacinto – youngest and greatest writer of the Katipunan
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His pen name was Dimas-Ilaw
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He wrote the following: –
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A la Patria – his poetical masterpiece Liwanag at Dilim – a series of essays on human rights, liberty, equality of men, labor, and love of country. Kartilya ng Katipunan – contains the teachings of the KKK.
Kartilya of the Katipunan •
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A life that is not dedicated to a noble cause is like a tree without a shade or a poisonous weed. A deed lacks nobility if it is motivated by self-interest and not by a sincere desire to help. True piety consists of being charitable, loving one’s fellow men, and being judicious in behavior, speech and deed. All persons are equal, regardless of the color of their skin. While one could have more schooling, wealth, or beauty than another, all that does not make one more human than anybody else.
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A person with a noble character values honor above self-interest, while a person with a base character values self-interest above honor. To a person of honor, his/her word is a pledge. Don’t waste time; lost wealth can be retrieved, but time lost is lost forever.
Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor.
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The wise person is careful in all he/she has to say and is discreet about things that need to be kept secret./ An intelligent man is he who is cautious in speech and knows how to keep the secrets that must be guarded. In the thorny path of life, the man leads the way and his wife and children follow. If the leader goes the way to perdition, so do the followers. (Note: This begins with an observation of the vertical relationship of husband and wife during the time of the Katipunan; now, we can say that the parents lead the way and the children follow.)
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Never regard a woman as an object for you to trifle with; rather you should consider her as a partner and helpmate. Give proper consideration to a woman’s frailty and never forget that your own mother, who brought you forth and nurtured you from infancy, is herself such a person. Don’t do to the wife, children, brothers, and sisters of others what you do not want done to your wife, children, brothers, and sisters.
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A man’s worth is not measured by his station in life, neither by the height of his nose nor the fairness of skin, and certainly not by whether he is a priest claiming to be God’s deputy. Even if he a tribesman from the hills and speaks only his tongue, a man has fine perceptions and is loyal to his native land.
When these teachings shall have been propagated and the glorious sun of freedom begins to shine on these poor Islands to enlighten a united race and people, then all the lives lost, all the struggle and the sacrifices will not have been in vain.
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Andres Bonifacio – a self trained writer.
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His pen name was Agapito Bagumbayan
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His writings were: –
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Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Bayan – a patriotic poem Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan – a Katipunan Decalogue Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog – a politicohistorical essay.
Decalogue of the Katipunan •
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Love God with all your heart. Bear always in mind that the love of God is also the love of Country, and this too, is love of one’s fellowmen. Engrave in your heart that the true measure of honor and happiness is to die for the freedom of your country.
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All your good wishes will be crowned with success if you have serenity, constancy, reason, and faith in your acts and endeavor. Guard the mandates and aims of the KKK as you guard your honor, It is the duty of all to deliver, at the risk of their own lives and wealth, anyone who runs great risks in the performance of his duty.
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Our responsibility to ourselves and the performance of our duties will be the example set for our fellowmen to follow. In so far as it is within your power, share your means with the poor and the unfortunate. Diligence in the work that gives sustenance to you is the true basis of love – love yourself, for your wife and children, and for your brothers and countrymen.
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Punish any scoundrel and traitor and praise all good works. Believe, likewise, that the aims of the KKK are God-given for the will of the people is also the will of God.
Dr. Pio Valenzuela •
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The physician of the Katipunan. He helped Jacinto in putting up the Kalayaan, the Katipunan’s newspaper. Madlang-away (fight of the people) – his pen name. Collaborated with his best friend Bonifacio in writing the manifesto entitled Sa Mga Kababayan.
Kalayaan •
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Organ of the KKK
Realizing the value of the printed word, Bonifacio and his friends established a printing press and an organ of for the society.
Isabelo delos Reyes •
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The printing pres was purchased from him. The money used to by the printing press was donated by two Visayan katipuneros: –
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Francisco del Castillo Candido Iban – whose ticket won the lottery.
Jose Rizal and the Katipunan •
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From the time that Rizal was banished in Dapitan in July of 1892, he has devoted himself to helping the people in Dapitan. Bonifacio tried hard to convince Rizal to support the armed revolt, because he believed that if Rizal would give his approval, that would enable the reluctant ilustrados to support the cause of the Katipunan.
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Pio Valenzuela – was sent by Bonifacio in Dapitan to convince Rizal to give his approval. Rizal – believed that it was foolishness to fight the Spaniards without sufficient arms and funds. –
He suggested that the Katipuneros wait for sometime before the launching of an armed struggle.
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Even so, he suggested as to why not attract the influential and wealthy Filipinos to the cause to ensure the success of the revolution. He also suggested ANTONIO LUNA to be appointed as their MILITARY LEADER Valenzuela came back to Manila and reported the results of his mission, Bonifacio admitted that it would be fatal for them to start a revolution without enough weaponry with which to fight the enemy.
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Paciano Rizal – Jose Rizal’s older brother supported Bonifacio. Bonifacio – hang Rizal’s portrait in their headquarters.
