John Dowland _biography

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(1563 – buried 20 February 1626) was an English composer , singer, and lutenist.. He is best known today for his melancholy songs such as "Come, heavy sleep" (the lutenist basis for Benjamin for Benjamin Britten's Britten's Nocturnal ), ), "Come "Come again", again", "Flow "Flow my tears", tears", "I "I saw my Lady weepe"" and "In darkness let me dwell", but his instrumental music has undergone a major weepe revival, and has been a source of repertoire for classical for classical guitarists during the twentieth century. John Dowland

Career and compositions Very little is known of Dowland's early life, but it is generally thought he was born in London.. Irish historian W. H. Grattan Flood claimed that he was born in Dalkey, near Dublin, London but no corroborating evidence has ever been found either for that statement or for Thomas Fuller 's claim that he was born in Westminster. [2] In 1580 Dowland went to Paris, where he was in service to Sir Henry Cobham, Cobham , the ambassador to the French court, and his successor, [3] Sir Edward Sir Edward Stafford. Stafford. He became a Roman Catholic at this time.[4] In 1594 a vacancy for a lutenist came up at the English court, but Dowland's application was unsuccessful - he claimed his religion led to his not being offered a post at Elizabeth I's I's Protestant court. However, his conversion was not publicized, and being Catholic did not prevent some other important musicians (such as William Byrd) Byrd) from having a court career in England. [3] From 1598 Dowland worked at the court of Christian of Christian IV of Denmark ,[5] though he continued to publish in London. [6] King Christian was very interested in music [7] and paid Dowland astronomical sums; his salary was 500 daler a year, making him one of the highest-paid servants of the Danish court. court .[8] Though Dowland was highly regarded by King Christian, he was not the ideal servant, often overstaying his leave when he went to England on publishing business or for other reasons. [7] Dowland was dismissed in 1606 [7] and returned to England; [9] in early 1612 he secured a post as one of James of James I's I's lutenists. [10] There are few compositions dating from the moment of his royal appointment until his death in London in 1626. [11] While the date of his burial is recorded, the exact date of his death is not known .[12] Two major influences on Dowland's music were the popular consort songs, and the dance music of the day. day.[13] Most of Dowland's music is for his own instrument, the lute lute..[14] It includes several books of solo lute works, lute songs (for one voice and lute), part-songs with lute accompaniment, and several pieces for viol for viol consort with lute. lute.[15] The poet Richard Barnfield wrote that Dowland's "heavenly touch upon the lute doth ravish human sense." One of his better known works is the lute song "Flow " Flow my tears", tears", the first verse of which runs;

“

Flow my tears, fall from your springs,

”



Where night's black bird her sad infamy sings, There let me live forlorn.

He later wrote what is probably his best known instrumental work, Lachrimae, or Seaven seven pavanes for five viols and lute, Teares , Figured in Seaven Passionate Pavans , a set of seven pavanes each based on the theme derived from the lute song "Flow " Flow my tears". tears".[17] It became one of the best known collections of consort of consort music in his time. His pavane His pavane,, "Lachrymae antiquae", was also popular in the seventeenth century, and was arranged and used as a theme for variations by many composers. Dowland's music often displays the melancholia that was so fashionable in music at that time. [18] He wrote a consort piece with the punning title "Semper Dowland, semper dolens" (always Dowland, always doleful), which may be said to sum up much of his work . work .[19] Dowland's song, "Come Heavy Sleepe, the Image of True Death", was the inspiration for Benjamin Britten's Britten's "Nocturnal after John Dowland for guitar", written in 1964 for the guitarist Julian Bream. Bream. This work consists of eight variations, all based on musical themes drawn from the song or its lute accompaniment, finally resolving into a guitar setting of the song itself. [20]

Publications In 1597 Dowland published his "First Book of Songs" in London. It was one of the most influential and important musical publications of the history of the lute. [3] This collection of lute-songs was set out in a way that allows performance by a soloist with lute accompaniment or various combinations of singers and instrumentalists. [21] Dowland published two books of songs after the "First Book of Songes", in 1600 and 1603, as well as the Lachrymae in 1604. 1604 .[17] He also published in 1609 a translation of the Micrologus of Andreas Ornithoparcus, originally printed in Leipzig 1517, a rather stiff and medieval treatise, but nonetheless occasionally entertaining.[22] Dowland's last, and in the opinion of most scholars, best, work, A Pilgrimes Solace, was published in 1612, [23] and seems to have been conceived more as a collection of contrapuntal music than as solo works. [24

Suspicions Suspicions of treason There is an unsubstantiated rumour that Dowland performed a number of espionage assignments for Sir Robert Cecil in France and Denmark; his high rate of pay



the Queen, though he seems to have had something of a grudge against her for her remark that he, Dowland, "was a man to serve any prince in the world, but [he] was an obstinate Papist."[26] But in spite of this, and though the plotters offered him a large sum of money from the Pope, as well as safe passage for his wife and children to come to him from England, [27] in the end he declined to have anything further to do with their plans and begged pardon from Sir Robert Cecil and from the Queen. [28

Private life John Dowland was married and had children, as referenced in his letter to Sir Robert Cecil,but family life does not seem to have been important to him, as his wife stayed in England while he worked on the Continent. [30] His son Robert Dowland was also a musician, working for some time in the service of the first Earl of Devonshire, [31] and taking over his father's position of lutenist at court when John died. [32]

His exact death date is unknown, however he was buried, 20 February 1626. [33] It is possible that John did not actually die in January, but merely appointed his son Robert to be his deputy at this point - whether from grave illness, or from a knowledge that death was approaching. Either theory can be used to explain the records stating that Robert received pay beginning in January.[32] Dowland's melancholic lyrics and music have often been described as his attempts to develop an "artistic persona" though he was actually a cheerful person, [34] but many of his own personal complaints, and the tone of bitterness in many of his comments, suggest that much of his music and his melancholy truly did come from his own personality and frustration. [35]

Modern interpretations In 1935, Australian-born composer Percy composer Percy Grainger , who had a deep interest in music made before Bach, arranged Dowland’s Now, O now I needs must part for piano. Some years later, in 1953, Grainger wrote a work titled Bell Piece (Ramble on John Dowland’s ‘Now, O now I needs must part’) , which was a version scored for voice and wind band, based in his previously mentioned transcription. Dowland's music became part of the repertoire of the early music revival with lutenist Julian Bream and tenor Peter tenor Peter Pears, Pears, and later with Christopher Hogwood and David Munrow and the Early Music Consort in the late 1960s and later with the Academy of Ancient Music from the early 1970s. The complete works of Dowland have been recorded in a boxed set by the Consort of



violinist Maya Homburger in collaboration with English jazz musicians John Surman and Barry Guy. Guy. Elvis Costello included a recording (with Fretwork Fretwork and and the Composers Ensemble) of Dowland's "Can she excuse my wrongs" as a bonus track on the 2006 re-release of his The Juliet Letters. In October 2006, Sting Sting,, who says he has been fascinated by the music of John Dowland for 25 [36] years, , released an album featuring Dowland's songs titled Songs from the Labyrinth , on Deutsche Grammophon, Grammophon , in collaboration with Edin Karamazov on lute and archlute archlute.. They described their treatment of Dowland's work in a Great Performances appearance. appearance.[37] To give some idea of the tone and intrigues of life in late Elizabethan England, Sting also recites throughout the album portions of a 1593 letter written by Dowland to Sir Robert Cecil. Cecil.[38] The letter describes Dowland's travels to various points of Western Europe, then breaks into a detailed account of his activities in Italy, along with a heartfelt denial of the charges of treason whispered against him by unknown persons. Dowland most likely was suspected of this for traveling to the courts of various Catholic monarchs and accepting payment from them greater than what a musician of the time would normally have received for performing. [39] Other interpretations of Dowland's songs have been recorded by Windham Hill artist, Lisa Lynne,, (for her CD, Maiden's Prayer ) and Lise Winne (for her Wing'd With Hopes, New Lynne Interpretations of Renaissance Songs CD). Several bands, such as Die Verbannten Kinder Evas, Evas , Aesma Daeva and Qntal Qntal,, have recorded albums featuring lyrics by John Dowland. The countertenor Andreas countertenor Andreas Scholl sings in Crystal Tears English consort songs with Concerto Viole of Basel (http://www.andreasschollsociety.org/discography.htm (http://www.andreasschollsociety.org/discography.htm)) A rendition of Dowland's "Come " Come again" again" (sung by Sting Sting)) can also be found on Joshua Bell's Bell 's 2009 album, At home with Friends. (http://www.joshuabell.com/ (http://www.joshuabell.com/). ).

In popular culture •

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The science fiction author Philip author Philip K. Dick was Dick was a fan of Dowland's and his lute music is a recurring theme in Dick's novels. Dick sometimes assumed the pen-name Jack Dowland .[40] Dick also based the title of the novel Flow My Tears, The Policema Policeman n Said on one of Dowland's best-known compositions. In his novel The Divine Invasion, Invasion , the character Linda Fox (a thinly disguised proxy for Linda for Linda Ronstadt) Ronstadt) is a popular singer whose repertoire consists of remakes of John Dowland compositions. Rose Tremain' Tremain's 1999 novel Music and Silence is set at the court of Christian of Christian IV of Denmark some Denmark some years after Dowland's departure and contains several references to the composer's music and temperament: in the opening chapter, Christian remarks that "the man was all ambition and hatred, yet his ayres were as delicate as rain". Aesma Daeva's song "Darkness" uses "Flow my Tears" as lyrics.



John Dowland _biography

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