Japanese Particles

Meguro Language Center !BP2-01 (201002)

3 456

Topic marker (1) Topic (as for, explanation) (2) Contrast

478591:6

3 ;<5=><5 4?@A5 %B0:>=CDE5 %B0FG6 4HI05 JIJ1:>=KLM5 JI'LJ1:6 N O=LPO5 JR0FG1$I6 4MJ$S15 OTGU; 5L$0:>=)V15 5L$0FG6 4W"MP5 XY1:>=Z"MP5 XJ"#)[1:6 4\"015 XJ"#)[1:>=]"015 XY1:6 455Q5 5L$0:>=VVQ5 5L$0FG6 N 4>6

m 4;6

t 4O6

Subject marker (1) Specify (2) Unknown subject (3) `%7Ia (4) New information

478> Î$% '_01:6 Q: 4X8> R0$IM6 A: 4:bRcG> R0$I6 4Hd=:bRcG> R0$Ief6 (5) “There is/are ...”, Description % structure 4aR% 0aO ghijEi> Hk0:6 4Î$5 '_0> .XJ Hk0:6 (6) “…have/has …” % structure (7) 4959> + adj.6 4M%"#5 Y> KKRJ1:6 (8) 4959>*;29IJ1:6 4Î$5 Bb>*;2 %BIJ1:6 4Î$5 k#)k> 1R0:6 (9) 4959> + potential verb6 4Î$5 OTGU> ^Mk0:6 (10) “but” 4l:J1:>=KJ$J1:6 (11) Preliminary 4cQ)1:>=l0XcG=JPd$SJ0:M6 (1) Object marker 4?@A; %B0:6=4?@A; .TG 'XcJ6 (2) Leaving 4)V; 10:6=4no; Kk0:6 No particle 4Mp; BqO 0>dr'XcJ6=47)aG; cGs$0:6 (3) Go through (1) ! Indirect object marker (“receiver” of the action)

4QuXVO 1G^; $0:6 (2) ! “to” (goal, direction, location or target toward which the action or motion progress (to)) 4[place] O + [direction % verb]6 4$G"('O JR0:6 (3) " Location in/at which something exists, residences 4[place] O + [existence % verb]6 4vdsGqO :G1J0:6 (4) "Specific time (5) O ;*leaving2

1*[place]1 action2 (6) “work for” (7) Purpose (8) “per”

41G$SO Mc; ^:80$I6 4W"O JR0:6=4MJq% 0aO 1G^$0:6 4Ywv1 1G$SO %k0:6 4aRO xR0:6 4XJ>'O 5Jk0:6 4ABC qG7)O xQYrJ0:6 4oyDO JR0:6 4$()O .MJ OTGU; zGR#)$rJ0:6 1/2

Meguro Language Center !BP2-01 (201002)

{ 416

… 4†6

(1) By means of (using) 4OTGU1 5L$0:6=4|Di1 5PJ0:6 (2) Group 4}OG1 JR0:6=4~G[1 J'P1:M6 (3) Location in/at which the action occurs or is done. 4[place] 1 + [action]6 4ghijEi1 •_U5G; Iz0$I6 (4) 49%HQ16 4€oA% HQ1 ghijEiO JR0:6 (5) 4[place]1 (event, accident)> Hk0:6 4MLC 1 ‚Dƒ„D> Hk0:6 ! “to”, “towards” (direction) 4‡DEÂ‰„DhO Š?@† JR0:6

‹ 4MP6

(1) “from” (beginning point in time or place, origin)

4)VMP aR01 /&G1:6 (2) Reason % marker, 4[reason] + MP=96 4R%)5 HY1$IMP=p7Ou JR0FG1$I6 Œ 4016 (1) “until” (up to and including) 4W"01 $UQ; $0:6 4)VMP MJ$S01 /&G1:6 (2) “to” 49MP9016 Ž 01O “by” (time) 4W"01O JR0:6 ‘ 4%6

– 4Q6

(1) (2) (3) (3) (1) (2)

Possessive marker “...’s”, “of ” (belonging to) Apposition (belonging to) hyphen “[noun] and [noun]” “With”

 4l6

“and” (etc.)

ž 4M6

(1) Question marker (2) “or” (1) “also”, “too”, “as well as”

Ÿ 4u6

4785 Î$% TG1:6 4785 OTG% '_01:6 47VP5 FGFJ% LM’PcG1:6 41G^“GU)5 ”}}]}}Z.Z1:6 4—D˜DQ ™Dš›Dy; Kœ>J$0:6 4QuXVQ JR0:6 4Od7)O KrPl "G"S*Lp2> Hk0:6 4XJ"#)[1:M6 4—D˜DM 7)VS; 'XcJ6 4Î$u JR0:6

3 5 JJ1: 78u JJ1:6 478; 'XcJ78u 'XcJ6 N O Hk0:6 4MJ$S1u QRpR zGR#)$0:6 4Z"MPu XY1: \"MPu XY1:6 4MJ$S% •QQu OTGU1 5L$0:6 (2) (X8=LO etc.) +u+neg. 4X8u R0FG1$I6=4LOu Hk0FG6 ¢ 4œ6

Asking for agreement; agreement (sharing emotion)

£ 4e6

Telling; giving information

4KJ$J1:œ6=4`)1:œ6 478 KJ$J1:e6

¤ 4Uv6

“around” (time)

4]"UvO 1G^$0:6

¥ 4wPJ6

“about” (quantity/time)

4\"MGwPJ œ0$I6

time

quantity

4\"wPJO Mak0:6 time

¦ 41u6 § 4Y6

“any...+

[OK] ”

“...st”; “...nd”; “...rd”; “...th”

4LG1u JJ1:6=4Jx1u JJ1:6 4}xY% aR6=4.5JY% —D˜D6

2/2

Japanese Particles

Recommend Documents