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P R E F A CTEO T H E F I R S TE D I T I O N Studentso{ music have on occasionsatiemptedto put the melodiesof some of ihe more outstandingJapanesefolk songsto ihe noiaiion of Western music in order to preserve ihem from oblivion. Frorn the literary poini of v;ew, ihese folk-songshave been translatedinto English and co lectedby scholarssincethe beginningof modernjapan. However,a completecollection of ihe melodieshas not been assembled. A rhoroughstirdy o{ these folk songswh'ch are characterizedby the placesof iheir origin requir€sthe effods of specializedscholars:nd experisin musicand liieraiure. My efforis in compiling ihis book does noi preiend io be such a specializedsiudy of lapanesefolk songs lt is iniendedto be a collectionof the mosi repr€sentative songs ol our countryand to offer a handbookof the iolk-songswhich are still beingsungthroughFolk-songsare disiinguishedfrom ihe so-calledpopular songs which may be in voguefor a periodof iime but which are soonforgotten. Someo{ the folk,songscolleciedin ihis book were ai one time pcpular songs but have developedinto {olk-songsby thei. being sung over half a century though their authors v/ere forgotten. All rhe songsassembledhave been sung before 1900 and are sii I being sung and may riehtly be regarded as folk'songsof Japan. True folk songshave slch individualpecullariiiesand characteristics that their notaiion in Western nrusic can be accomplishedonly imperfecily,for it is noi only dl{ficult to indicatethe {requenty occurringgrace nores of JEpanesesongswhich include even quafter tone iniervalsbut there is also a rremendousdifference in the manner of singing them among thc Japanesepeoplethemselves. Moreover,io isol:ie rhe melody of a Japanese song frorn ihe rhyihm of its accompariment of hayashi,lhe orchestraof {lute. drum and samisen,is io give only half of the realiiy of the song. This is particularlyirue in songsof which the rhythm of iis accompanimenthas been emphaslzed.and any attemptto notatethem in the Westernsiyle is not only a violaiionof the sp rii of the songsbui also fails to revealthe true melody Again, ihese folk songscome to life only when they are sung in the style pecutiar to the lapaneseand especiallylo ihe people of ihe region from which they originated, and they lose nrLch of thelr beauty and appeal if they are.sung by vocalisiswho have been trained n ihe Western manner of singingvibrtao. Since these folk-songscont:in ihe individual dialects of ihe various districts, it is ideal that rhey are sune by the natives of th€ region to which ihe songsbelona. The impossibilityof adequatelyiranslaiingthe catchy, rhythmic phrases,which in themselveshlve no nreaningbui which give a deflniie personaliryio the folk-songsof Japan,has requiredme to om't ihem in my book. These phrasesmay be comparedto ihe hi, ho. the merry-o, "ta ra,ra boom de ay, "yo ho,ho' and similar portions of Englishsongs. Despitethese technicaldi{ficulties,I have endeavoredio compilesome of the represeniativetolk songsof lapan becauseof my e:rnest wlsh to introducethem to Western pecpies For these reasons,I have h:d to chooseonly ihose folk songswiih simple melodiesand rhyihm, avoidingthose which are full of irills and iurns and at the same time lowering somewhatihe key of the melodiessung sottovoce in ihe higher registeror raising to a certain exteni ihose of lower tones which are us'r:lly sung by men. ln receni years atiempts have been made to arrange some Japanesefolk-songsso thai they may be sung wiih the accompaniment of a piano or in the style of iazz. It is my hope in cornpiing ihis book that through this colleciionof lapanesefolk songswhich are in the main in ihe minor scale and are characterizedby melodia lamentoso m:y coniribute to ihe birth of a new style of comdositions. Tokyo. Japan

RYUTAROHATTORI

November,1950

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PREFACE TO THE REVISEDEDITION ln the previouseditions,merely 33 songs out of ihe innumerabJenumber of folk-songswere selectedand iniroducedwhich left much to be desiredso that, Japanese in this RevisedEdition, I have added five orher songs. In making this addition I have sej€ctedsonSswhrch are most popularlysung by the lapanesetoday,namely,"Bon Songs of Soma , -'Songsof.Saitara', Songsof Picking Safflowers, Songsof Kokkiriko" and >ones - ot 5hrrnotsul Japanesefolk songs are yearly atiracting more attention and interest by the p€oples of the world as might b€ ndicaied, In part, from the correspondencesaddressed to the compiler fror vafious parrs o{ the wor,u. Of ihe growing number of such persons,fhe one who mrght be consrdered as the rolk songs, I shoujd like ro me4iion ihe narre of Vafla most ardent ioler of Japanese Jllo Reinh.rot a proless,oral+olksine;r.of W.sh,n8fon. D.C. LSA Thrs person I was nformed,practicedsix hours daily, such piecesas. for instance, ''YasuEi Bushr", The Mower's Sones' and "EzashiOiwake",whiah are difficult numbers to render even for the lapanesethemselves. She even expressedherself as follows; ''My problem is this: To obtain iransliterations of thesesongsso ihat I can learn ihe lapanesewords. I should most like to learn first in the hope that you could help me with such transliterationslEnglishlettersequivalentio ihe lapanesewords.)" There are other pefsons no less ardent than this lady who have written me {rom Canadaand lsrael. And it is a well-known siory thai ihe Soviet baritone singer. Artur Eizen,during his concert tour of japan, sel€cted"Soran Bushi' as one of his tavorite However, since japanes€folk songs emergedf.om a backgroundof peculiartraditions rernote from Western countries,one invari3blyencouniersdiJficultiesin 'ndicating the music accordingio \ /estern musicalnoiations. The Wesiern musical notations are inadequateto tfanscribethe characteristic finenessof the melodicornamentationof Japanesefolk-songs.Evenif perforcedlytranscribed,the transcriberhimself may oft€n be unabe io reproduce the music fforn the music note. Consequently,I should like to recomm€ndthosepersonsdeeplyinterestedin japanese folk-songsshouJdnot, merely, follow the scor€but, ai the same rime, should hear the songsplayedon recordeddiscs. Needlessto meniion,all Japanese recordmakershave on sale Japanesefolk-songsbut, in the United Staies,ihere ;s the one set of "Traditional ' Folk-Songs of Japan selectedand arrangedby R. Hattori from his collectionreleasedfrom Folkway Record. Ishould also like to add rhat the lapaneseembassies:nd consulates locatedthroughoutthe main cities of th€ world are prepared to show the color movie, "Folk Songsof Japan" presentedby the Ministry of ForeignA{fairs of Japan (th€ musical dir€ctionof this film is under the supervisionof R. Hatiori). February,1964.

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TJre_se 99ne *'ere very popular from the age of Tempo (1840) urr l t_heenal of rhe Meljl e!a" The bo, dance of Japan is of such unique character that a similar dance type js found nowhere else in ihe world. The sam€ ts also true of ihe Doz songs which accompany the There is no accurate estimate ol the time of orjgin of these two unusual cultuml phenomena, but it is certain that in ancient times the Don dance was perfo.med during mass said for shorosarrhe spirits of lhe dead-at the iime of the boz fesiival, the festival of the lanterns, That is to say, the predecessor of the t)o'?,dance vas the zembzrsr dance: the chantinA ol Buddhisl p.ayers while dancing and lreating drums and ringing chimes at the So primarily the Don dance was to be danced by those vho had recently losi a close .ela. tive: sons and daughters rvhose par€nt had died, parents suNivi.s a child, husbands or s'ives vhose spouse had deceasedSinging to the music of drums and fluies, ' h . ) J a r ' . d d n d d " n . " d . l o . r n gr l . e m . e l , F iSn remembe.ances of their lost ones. But unconsciously this dance of lameniatjons was gmdually popula.ized to a festival of fun and gaiely, far removed f.om its origins as a mass for ihe spiriis of the dead. In olden iimes thefe were the ?dnobata Mots&ri-Festilal of the Weave. {n the sevenih day of rhe seventh month and the Honen Odori-Hawest Dance-to celebratethe suod)ipld. o' r\p au 'nn cropc. The.F were both gmdually lncorporated into the Don dance so that after long periods of history only the Dor dance remains as a yearly festival throughout the country. ln spile of the relaiive smallness in size, Japanis pnri.hpdr irh nan) rz' "d BeoE.aphi. cal leatures which in conjunction vith the many faceted history have produced an ex tremely large quantity of folk songs, most of which are suited for Dor songs to accompany Do, dances. This one fact alone easily indi.

cates tbe place of lhe ,on festival in the heafts of lhe people and lhe cultural history of the August 15th is the season of the Don dance in most parts of Lhe country. As this date approaches evefy tovn and village in the cuuntry ic h-"J bu:ld: .J h;gh ."i"ed pla_lormc in lhe center of the public grounds. When the night of the Don dance iinally comes, a drum is set on ihe platform and Don songs sung to the rhylhm of its beating. AU lhe townspei:iple and farmers dance around the platform the whole night thfough. The bon dance takes many forms in various locales around these islands but ,4udodort of Tokushima City ar,d Gujo Hachlman ot Gitrr Prefecture a.e famous for their grandness of scale, though they are enlirely different in the form of dance. Tbe Alnaadari is a procession siyle dance, the danc€rs going through the streets dancing 'Ihe Cujo Eachiman is a circle dance, the dancers performing in a circle around the platform. Many such dances were fostered by the Tano Sana (feudal lords) of lhe Tokusawa T},e Auaadari was pedormed to welcome Lord Hachisuka lvhen he became the Lord of Tokushima. On ihe other hand the Gujo Odort originai€d when the rul:ng Aoyama Clan, vho occupied r\p ca rlp, r-E red po r'-sion f-ndc or " n d . . . . o n ,i t i " h s ror i p a. pflor ro ffomu rp tion among the agriculiural, industrial and The bor dances and songs which came inlo popular favor in f€udal times a.e still being danced and sung from generalion to generation. But the greaiest change has occurred i 1 r e " e n ry e a . , q h F r e i nr h e E , n o p l . r e o f r h e bou dance reflects the bdghiness of a new age in its appeal to the younger generation.

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Songsof Oshima (OshimaBushi)

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I am of Oshima The isle of Divine Fire; Smoulderingin mY heart, the lire never dies.

7 - bt l-,{.,tB MMr
Azaleasand camellias Light up the mountain; The boat carrying mY lord Brightensthe seaof Oshima.

r - 2.c1+tJ. b[ttyF".Ltr &oafi.{l 3 #u 6f

ll you are the man as gallant As tales would have You be, I wish you iould stoP the tide Off the bay of Chiga-saki

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Mountainous waves I see Out upon the sea; -fhey are for my beloved To prove his courage.

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The port of Habu May be likened to a Pouch; But alas, it has no string To close its mouth !

7 - &i9@i&l*

I am of Oshima, Broughtup amongthe waves; The dark of my skin ls part of my heritage.

7 - bt l-,r ,tE

I am of Oshima Of singlecherry blossoms; 'Tis no wish of mine to bloom Like doublecherryblossoms.

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Oshima in the province of Izu lies in the Pacific ocean at a distance of about erght hours' dde in a steam boat- The tsland is noted for its volcanic mountain, Mihara, snal camellia trees which bloom in season all orer the kland' Since the pleasure_boatwas macle a regular line, the ptace has lost somewhat its atlraction, but the song has be€n sung throuahout the country.

t6

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'arP o+ iPear saleur IeP aql alrql^ 4lE+(tc ,r:.'..1 Lc4+ ?1-fE:lE :Surllorale aloqsesa^e^ aql y+^+ r+r 4 .,C.i{t1#{ : l] pJeMauioqslln8 easaLlI Jaq ,ro slser dlqs aq_ 9 ?.(FIA'5 ) O-r,fl1€l!"{ :SurJooLu 'lsea aql o+ lo lsa/v\aql ol 3u!o9 c-+.4W +(E+(L ).cr:l 1t:4+ leoq e ^ueul lle/t\e oI yltr'+ :sasnoq-eal lln] u,^ol v t+t..r o0-l 01 'o 'llpzns le ):F rHgV]ggr4od Plrnq sn lal 'reoq aqt ,o sreo aLl+ lc o_L q4.(c-2+ +(E:+(tE tc^:1 484+ ou aq ll.alaq_ aur ro, ueaq )a\au AeJd :at.u Jo] Y+r + t+r + lg4wJ.d tle/v\ 'eas ol Ino lnd uaq^A il+ ? olqgF I 9 r-t) )_(14 I '3u1,(;1 aql ^^ua I s11n3-eas 'LUe Se Uetunh ()lq .t 1t:4+ l 4 l E+ t E,L.t I y+r+ : /v\orros]o sleal Paqs I 'eas apl^\ aql ia^o 8u!)ool

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Night Festivar in ohichibtr CitY

8on Songof Chichibu Birds,too, fly Over the mountaintopThat cloud-swelling, C l o u ds w e l l i n g Mount of Chichibu. Look at the chapped hands That are trimming charcoalsacks. By the time that Your handsare chapped, Karisakaridge'll be snow-capped. FloweringNagatorois All rock-floored; Awaiting whom, Awaiting whom I wonder; O look, the misty moon rises! When the moon rises High abovethe frame-work You dance, Dancearound the +rcn\e In many,manya fold.

#

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Chichibu forming a region by itseif in the western extremitv of lhe Musashi plain. As it is isolaied, this song rotains its local .otor. The song is sung in the hope and joy of the rich harvesL ot the year at the time of 8or, the festival of ihe dead, whlch takes place usually in the middle of July- A wooden framevork is reareal on the s.ound, in vhich there sit a chanter and a number of musicians. Around ihis frame-vo.k, the young and the old of both sexes pedorm a liv€ly dance. The music consists of a fluie, a biA drum, a small drum, n p n r ' b u Ln o s o m , s P n . and slo ra percub"iu.ins

77

tz era oqslEJ aq1 EulJnp IIInI4n€aq os o 1 a n p u 3 3 q a ^ e q 0 1 p I E ss I 8ulrs oq^\'ttrEa le rn3ssau pu!]q €'(+E)nqruY rlral\l aq1 oruls u,l ou{ uaaq $q jluos oqJ -qlr ollN }o ,qlrEFaiod sMnq'era 'ltrtQ aq ()1plus s! Suos arlJ sq.nq"s aqr ut lrosar cas ! "^q1 Jo lrras i?uFlro

q 5r,t:4fl (. v) ae4 l**ffiJ t !'\:48+(oeA*ffi 'O;8i:llhi

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'/v\ol Pal\1oqPue +uaq alv uauleoq +o sleo a8nq aq+ Lla^f '8ur"o aql ur Bulqseldsaurol qsrl olruoq jo leoqs e uaqlA ;qreaq aql uo saar+auld o 'Pauor+sanb ia^au s! Jouotilnol 'aEer ieur sa^e^r aql q8rq laaamog ^eul PrJl/t\aLl+Preq la,^4,{\oH "^^olq 'saar+aurd lrelq ale araql

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reJV1o u,, o+ aq] ie Puv :saar]aurd Par oleul^ +V 'saaJ+ auld PalstMlare osl ]V 'repuas af,urlordalll ul +o

Y(bq (. v) +rfllt* { ) d.rl *aq '+ntt \ 6 . J-PE**&M(oaE+=

rleu-ou-rqsl +o lroo aq+lol 3ulaalef, uo saoD dlqs aq1 ltes Iln,LraPufT 'releo le sraMoll a)eLu sa^er\ BulqsePaql

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SONGS OF ISO ( I s o B u s h i)

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HWft.fr,ffi COAL MINERS SONGS OF JOBAN (Joban Tanko Bushi)

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Coal Miner's Songs of foban {JobanTanko Bushi)

From six in the morn, I work in the mine, Carryinga lanternto and fro-

Ere longyou'll lie amongthe dust

r. E +, tA) tnn;6t- t (= - l'"J/1')*flOl:Dl

You'll find some fragments left over; And the fragmentswill bring

\Mivesof coalminers Will becomewidows

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The moment the rocks fall.

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Cold enoughfor you.

Listen,you young girls"

Tp

(-'

Of an abandonedmine.

You explodedynamite,

tTlf-t !

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All for my parents' sake.

Three thousand feet down the mine And you are in hell;

g1o)^ft+h, t,, ,,

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- t: r)#1$*! "

{5,trJ)

J6ban coal mines in Ibaraai Prefecture, Ube jn Chugoku, and Chikubu in K y u s h u h a v e A r v e n b j r t h t o c i m i l a r b o n C sa c r h e s p s i n . p r r - p b F 3 i r , n i n Co t l h c Meiji era-

28

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Songs of Kqsabu ( KusatsuBushi)

€Bl t- t a-Eltl''H-r ( r.'y r ..1J,= ) Kusatsuis a goodplaceto goi #'i401+l: t, (. , t ) iEit4 ( j You must visit once in your lifetime, -1-=1-r), (7-4' For flowers bloom e'en in the hot spnng. Kusatsufield is beautiful like brocade,ffitit i tJ-tee@Egi ( r", - -.1.),= ) An'ia*Dl And e'en the smoke rising from Mt. i * H o ' @ i ( . t + ) (+-.1 ' t-4r) Asama Will be aglow in the settingsun. Kusatsuis a good placeto go; Mt. Shiraneis cool with breezes E'en on a mid summerday.

€Fjt'taF'ROllli *3 ^6t"o) (-,

( I'v:-, i/' ) r ) l d . i r r 4( I (a=4, 7"4+)

Among the mountains,,called man and t9-6bit D'''htt*]\E J ( 1.",--.1 i/' ) wife (. r + ) b 6 LN,lf bI We go hand in hand gatheringherbs, Fta*a *./e (v" 4+ 1..4r) Through the forest of pine trees. Kusatsuis a good place to go; €eJL"t aE^@a{"d ( Fv - J :/. ) You may carry home in your sleeves if,ir'lr.1Ea(- t + ) Ehra La j The sweet fagrance of the hot spring. (7 14+ 114+)

The songs are coDparatively of lata comlositio[ characleristics ol the hot spriigs at Kusatsu.

an(l ex]Iossive ol the

30

Ig rJlrrrto uu' 's rc lerlrra,{ lo.ruov

T +,f-rl 1,1 + -1! --r., oli+'i )*

:r q =-t.-ai T . I l ? J : l : :1i r , { E - i " :' tX 1l ir')18 r:ts. / L\/ \/')-:Q a tF

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T 2 !:,.t:F tt.1 /_ 'i rlF'l? (rF! - /-./ T l- .1}l|:(S1--141 E-}'/ {:l:l1a.r -l 1)

'arueP u a ^ r l u al l r ^ A a q t aL1+ea^ oo+Sulleaq-LunrP 'ParPealsaq sdals alll -3u1s noA uaq16 's](lEIualour o^ l ,O daalsaLll lle ie,{\e aseLlllll'a\ll -ltlEluol Surleaqunrp ,LoPunosaql ' P l o BS u l u r t l sr e a g aq+ul sqraq Pue saa]] aql ure+unoLu 'af!l +o slea aLll slea€ aprspeor aq] ^q sser8aql uaq^A ' allr lo sJeaaq+s.lea8 aprsPeoraql ^q ssPi3aql ua,^f 'slLleldalu aq] are Pal+lureillaly\ :Jea ladureqP sl slql (eln rroPo uoB euros) etuos ,o s8uosuoa

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BON SONGSOF SOMA Melodyrran6cribedby Harori

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34

sg 'suns arE ,{aq1 araq^! sa€tl aql ol 8ur -proaae ,{J€^ spma 6q& ,f4unor 3q1 lnoqanorql rEtndod ^Jo^ suoraq a^eq IaqI 'ornpaFrd Bulqsnrlntl Jo ,fIrBFalFEd lqrlstp n{oqoJ ar{1 Io aJll leuollolna aql 'ra^a Jo a^Fs3.rdxa 3rE ^aql 3ruls s8uosl oJ sE paprE8sr aq ox oulor a^Dq ,{aql '^!oq ',{tale.I sSuos rElndod ?nq s8uoslioJ .{fleulalro lou araa s8uos asaqJ

'araql

,las^u dn ^ orls of

suealulle ^q a.raqro8 ll,l :l+gE:i T - - . 1 s 9 f i J . 4 ! + q l:.! @E E 1 . 1 r f l V - L ,

:^|ep aSessaruaLlt saulo] u/nol aql elue^lqse8;g u,ro,r1

4rl t

'/v\ouaa2rJsteag

9ll;4*:l

T

- -

-1.1Sr(W:lW f f i + 1

I H.r@F ??

-r. l.

sser8aplspeoraql ua.3 'llnt ore a)l +o srea aqf : auo poo8e s! real sltll

'plo8 surer8reag ]o __

9 1 4 eq l / : l f

,qge:tg e

f m@E Frmg#av - + v

Ddqc-c ro,{qc!S yE+ zt ,E+ 4z o{q,-n6 rofr{,-nS yE ..Yyet.,Y

ooqureq)tosa^ealalll rol 'arolsalnseaile sl nzrv le lePueg..ll^ (ues lePuegnzlv) nzlv tE IBPUB{.f hl

rx#trH+

euplqms + rE+az E@lF-nS +yE1."Y

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BII HF t

SONCS OF SAITARA (Saitara Bushi)

MelodytraNcribod by Hstrori

I:

,L-

L

-

il t

a Te c Ko

36

or.r3 'I fT ol - te

eNar'Y

-.

3 M. r - V

-.

.

rq

rr

Lt

lsr'eE

ct

Songsof Saifara (SaitaraBushi) On Matsushimathe port StandsZuiganji the Buddhisttemple; As the sea is in front And the mountainon the back, Shoalsof fish may aboundthere.

x

ltHo 13 +{AV'la

EijB.Eri e /1.&],F t r

Ell E0

H&+ra u d)

a- l7Ll\r r.,tiF.ffr ,,

i LrrBrI( r- l. 7 L,/.i / , j.J(ml:r

At lshinomakithe famed port, Still more famed is Mt. Hiyori; In the east and in the west A view may commandMatsushima. ll before you. And Toshima-----a

FoE ZoadrEv.lrfu!r trF li6EH Hd)Tr.

At the Shrine of Shiogama The cherrytree in front, When it blooms in the spring, Romancewill be in the air Over N ishinomachithe town.

ffi68*o R3{ftt

@F5d)EU"o.,1E& i*f { h-r }, Eo)El

Zuiganti the ord temDle Drasoil h the so.gs oI Saitara.

38

6€ 'rarns 3ql 01 ,!'tr€,, aq] puE irsqlorq aql ol srrlar a^oqx ua^ra asrnr aql ul .,L, oql 'Aurteatstu lrqaauos s! ,,!Pai{ -{tu Jo ir€,, 3s'rrqd 3ql TIFnoLII rslsls sq 1a3rr o'} '3snoq aq1lIsI dllllnr} s,I qt aErll]r aql r3^auaqd\ 3pL_ur€o1dtl plno$ raqro.Iq aq1 'rllqn(I rn raqlo q)to eas 01 u.lf:Llrol ar3a .ialsrs puP rarilorq aql .,{lltu'?J!!o1 E pa^ol aqs uroqA iiqlorq euo pEq aqs Jaiq, o'rnl^ aqs arurs lnq .to ;wrr

"il.rtjdp *,,:hliil:"i:;,xTi."":Tff*" arl1 01Lr aq,ro.{.unrr '.lcrop., "*,

raq Jo lrlan?u sEA arsql lng :aopulA eql qSnorql ul podaad I lm€q ,{ur Io Irta sLIr purl oJ ;q1 olnr ua^on! sI 1rllo8il t9.qircl reqlonY :o)ji:qo rltttul]\ '3ar1 .{rJaq) ! qForr -aq aprJrns Elrn'lluuot ,{q qlPap uI utaq1a3.!\s slq paLllot q1i1o,!InJasro ar aqJ, ,,rloriq ,taltfr .ql orui 3trolp".q IIaI pur?otrEIEq -r.q lsol lrla aql 'sllrq €qi passor) .uEd €ql sE ']r'r.L.{tdulor prp 6qS uolrrsodo.(d slq snor3l:-odrrd ^\oq rillEul ou ipauosDs:I.Ll 1nq roJ Pi.lEl) tIIPar aqs lI '(lllaplJ Ducuruor srq ,{a.lo llno-{! iqs J;q lsat or rclrotu,{^Eaq lr InPq aroffpq srq aluru IIIEr\s atrnoI sq},t!P auo il.sla^\ou n.i)nxtr orll',{Pp,{rnia SuIoF s]r'\ aqs tll\ rrrd or sIiIrI .rapro,{ oJ,,',!ld.r pllto,$ 'sl|rl nql EuouILr-cnorzspuar 3ur]s'puEn aroqa s.roqqFr.tr aql ,{q p.lst uaql\ plarl sulaqriars aq1 ruonEJrossti.paxruli, .lEralo] lou llno,\! s{rp asorll uI ruolsfs ei,"D pr:r: aqr asrDJaq 35DIII^ aql uI rau\oPrrq lsaqrlr €q1 Jo rolq8nEp oq1 rltr.\\ ..\ot u aJ rLrnruEs 3(I^or e Jo uos €ql o8D aurq AtrolY a'\ol polElnltrn Io rolrqo IPpurqS aqJ o:{'qo li.rots aqt st1;} 'otcqo !,\tzrJ, aql slr o1 parralal oslD 3q1 io suolsrnr alLllllnlr.ql roJ;runql aql spjrord soqltd puD srol lauo lsoN 'ssJuep pnr stuos a^um rraql go ^!oqs 01 rrrLl prlrr rPJ uo.IJ nlcluissD sral€ap nsroll llnq^! 'l!fJ asroq irnuut eqr lo ,{t1! -(q ritqrssod 'IrlI}lV or palrodxr atu€q} puE €lEsuruej\ r.."--i"pur.rS r pa.lrsruor ,{Il!umr st,{ qsrq otlEqo iqi 1tq1 a]!Jip!! o1 ulaes pFor{ asu?s Lroluruo, '!a1t)!rslq.Ios 3ql o1 a^rlrulr.l aql lrlor} purr xeld or aql o1 ol'luls ar{} II 1o ^!PI -{q ..,o.rr .,ntr"ron" rn i""ru.rrl r rltno.ql sossrd 3sr.^fun 'ql 'rartroqs "{aollrlrr oq1 lncl orE surE{ar s1r pu! r3/-IEu puE alduris arotu fl o{€qo lr?aeuel 'a{l€ lrrrlslp urals€a'qrroN ar.ll o1 Euolaq owqo EleAe(u?,I. puE €1qv aq.L 'r rol lnLIISIroaql Jo uoll'rlu]xorddE lsssolc nql sr suolsro.\ Sunsr\a -iutrlr aqr ]o qrrqa Llo.t.{rssod sI uolsrr.p IPtrg ou puE'uaoutlun arr s.r?soiluoJ rriqr.{tluanbarJ e}nb'qlnoru Jo pro.!! {q suoueisua8 q8norql u,\op polucq usaq 3.\Eq sanos IIo] lsour 3r(r!s puEI r!3q1 !i palEulalro lqsnq orE(to aLO ltlt1 ul'rt) sirnt)aJard t}lBtuet! puD IIIIY qloq Jo sa^wu €qJ

l'$ i :j

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THE GIRLOF SHONAI I Shonai Obako) ,:60

66

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u' ba

f. l" aD' Ta Id)a-rYonoi

lt'-D bo

-

no

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f. Ta

l" _l' ,L n-zu ' re

a: L6n'ba - ko

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It 'Suruutdsueuor* PIo ue IluO +qgneuse/v\alaql lng

-laq,o

: /,^opur/v\aq+ qgnorqt u! Padaad I u e a q ^ u - t ; o 1 r ; 3a q 1p u 1 1o 1

'Ae^^raq pa)f,olq seq /'^ous SurllaLuaq] Ituo '^es^aq] os 'Punos Pue llal s,aqs aPlol e qll^ u/t\oPaqs sl aaurof,lou aqs saoPIqAA '3uru!1,are sa;;1arr1 ,{1ug

1--'.c)

gxt-! 7 .7tt6 afr a+ I *? Fr-.r

c

'raq +ng Jo +qgnous.?.raq+ :plar' aql o+lno lua/\^| leaq lr-u +o IrB aqt taauJoI

a --< e)

Fl:lgr- Hr- f 1.[+?Fr@EEl ? +.4eX? Fr'"

'lallas (a -s

c

1--'. c)

9xl-1lYl:r (4 E.< c

1-.<

ofreqo] e +o a?!o^ 8ullnoqs aql lluo \42 F.I9zl.tr!{ow t-+9X?.8?-'? 'raL1 /\^oPeqsou s,alaql lng ,o e) :Plar, aq+ ol lno ]ualv\ | rnoul ; g-rrBaql laaLu ol

.Fl:tg.1Ha T'L!+?xr@EEl ? +.49X"F?-%

'euoqsi (o>leqo lruoqs,o lr!9 aql

fn sfv3 8

ot

o)I4

ox

of, ar

2

--) IW

"Il

fi' tE fff a| rF SONGSOF PICKING SAFFI,OV/ERS Ilelod]

J =88

traDscflb€d b] Hatluri

1.6

t

2. t!, tt

ri D

t Ko

a So

I

tn

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6d f/

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q \ a T n4 ! - L

w 'sra/\^ol, aluol aq] )f,rd Pue o'auol 'Lrroolq lln1l jo Plar] aq] sr In+rlneag ur sJa^\ol++es Peaqra^o:arls realJ aql 'ie,^e lqEu sJa,1^ol+ aL{llrrd 6'1116 'aLu

lJnLl

AeLu suJotl+aq+ +l purur ra^au ll,l 'no^ qlr/\^ luo auoP rr.le'sra^\ol+ 8ur>lrrdaLlf a)aM | +t +o 'Ie,^^e ol+ alll )lrd O '>ltrrd lqgri sJa,^ Pa>llrd sJal(ol+ aql Luor+ ]no au.rol llla^o-l 'PlJO,^ aL{l ualgSuq ol aurol seq aun[ ^lra,^ol] aLll 'sra,^^ol, aq] >lfrd pue aLlrof O'auol 'eleBeLueA ra^o lle /!\ou are sra/.o11 aql os 'u,^ os uaaq a^eq sPaas ral!^ol++esaqf 'Pre,4u^\oP aso+rLll +n uroJl (eln rLunsl eueqruag)

sra,nol;;Es8ultrld to stuos

4

a r ' r q s . 3 u - r s r . r . R q s€ u - ! s I ,,+.!.11.11 +1 + c

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EH

ffi*lt+liffi CATTLE DRIVER'S SONGOF NAMBU Lento dololoso

na- re -

ki

i D

". -

'

do-nlo

l/rt/-::

<

clri Saden go,kr

L

ri

44

st 'pror ulelunoul aql 'uaxo slqr 3{I Suos € SuIEuls pul Suotr sauars Jo oqra ur sa^!a Suos 3qJ ouo qcea 'peor aql uo oA or p3sn sJ3'qrp e$qJ tqala 01 u3^os uorJ Jo aSreq) Aul^eq 'i",it .qr uo splsu ?I{1 q 8ulal3als 'sdlrp i€ra^3s .roJ sra^lrp'ao1?r asaql rq ua{n] uaaq seq ulerl 3q1 uo srnor{ rnoJ ueql sssl u! pai6^or ,{ou a'uEls]p €-nqultN prorl Jo u.a{or 3$s€r aql 'E{olrorll Jo ^1Ir 3q1 uI su^{opoE €ql ol €pl€t aql uo Supnpord roJ 16^Ir €aP,A[ eql Suole sa;€n] s€q a'Ir aqracu ;".;"; I 4 J { o u I l l d { , ( l l E n o ds l d E e I r ^ " n o q E ] u n o l u E ! q J n e ^ \ E S u d p ' n q J d " l o q l"""q q J n s r o J p d s n ' { 9 3 ! t l Ju r d q d l e q d l r r P r L o . t u L u r u eS u o : r s d J e , t ; q r s e s \ o d J n d isetrtloeJ uollerrodsue.rr to lrei i s: araqr sraqd '$nla{_€31 pu€ sasroq €qr arnlraJard 3le]\tI ul l4rls]p nquEN aq? Jo sFEd olormr arG uI roJ rl,ltoul

.?-E6UeS lro)

Ato,t 5r crm+l@tr ? t ) , + J -* r - + J 1 t t 9 : & 3 ! 2

'sq+daPulelunour aq+ul Punol '!teu rto sa^eal aqf Suole nox q]!/v\3u!g 'a!u!+ lxau 2qp3 ngA uaq16

.a-9suesero) 's'rn opo8 aq+ ul palols puv aPeLuaq ol 3utla11ouy 'alu +o nlol PuesnoqlaaiLsalnPo,ld lq)ne,4s

*S'% 9 as+i-ac ? "?H@+.+ 4+=U$

'a-esu9sero) i}led.ralv\olaq] ul suralled-au!,Puv 'sraplnoqs aq+ uo ).rolv\-lalseq ql!/V\ 'sra^uPaql +o ouoLul)lauJuinsaq+e )ool ol Inlr+neaq/\^oH

*1.t,:iw gE5:tg rZ#14+ 116g 9 J-e

lr1@9 9994

rltr@l]+$ I :1)&gH

lrc*EH

'a-PtgEsaro) 'aro ,o sulelunoL! qll/v\ sPunoqv 'lsa/ aql Luol+'alaq^A o+ aqt +sea uot3al aq+sl nqureN 'aPls-fulLrnof,P LlBnoql. nqureN fo ,uos s.ra^!ro al lc

_,q-

,o)

o

ox

+=oil)tll

THE DUNE OF TOSA (BozSongs

of

Tosa Gata)

Metody rmnsclibedbr Hettori

:

n

2.n' t

x

t.L

aFr

x-

b

na-

i5_yo

+- a ya- no

Be

(

I -

le ya

-{ v'- L/r i

--t {a?6 ' e !_ny.a --'l.iZ Iae

l:- -

a'r

46

Bftqolqs

LV 'nreAnsJ, io sp?IEq {uEur SuouIE 'isaq aq] lou Jl lsaq aql Jo 3uo st puc's8uos{IoJ uraqlou Jo d}nEo.l tpslra} rEreqr 3q1 pulr Io tullia} 3q1 scrl 1I €lEa8soJ .}o s,{'rp snoradsord 3ql Jo "{10urJ alrns aulrq auo Iluo.qr sI atri'{ ue,\15Auos aqJ! .Ers 3qr nq luarsluluar .{lrpol 'sdEp rsuroJ uI €IEI E, SujuEalrl lrroa nulY ut 'r?soJpall':r osi€ sE^{ €}ta'?soJ 'auo slqrall8au ? suroJ3q seq rrod 3q1 lsanllIreJ urapour raqlo pue 's{Ep auo8,{q 3r.11 sD^r lEq'} lng s,{&\'\Ier au]{q 'utdEt ,aau Jo Sutuado aq} qrlt\ ',crtuno, aqt Jo s'lrod roqlo 01 lJod stql luorl raqunt pu! rue3nsJ tuor] oru paIrEJ xrrunor siril Jo slJld ulalsaa tuorl pue (optD{{oHl ozg tuorJ sdrqs osaql IFl slururn op plo lrAuorql sdlqs s! 8ur'ls]rnog sB.{ rlod aql s-{Epasoql uI sn'oae sr€ad psrpunq .q} sY Potrad tq.Euornlr aql 01 elnll€[lE>I aql uorJ ro . i \ d s t n o q Es P \ E a s . ' r d c f u J r q r r o . d L r rL o l r o o b d ' . 1 \r n o t u - e l L L l r o d u ! u E s c €tEaEsoJ. lrod aqt lnoqE atdGd arl rra^ uaas arE sraql ,tEpprur aql q u3^g 'I{s -dara aql rapun araql pu€ sraq para}leos sisnoq a€J ! Ilrta 'aEEIII.\'SuIqsg pdLdssir ' ^\ou nq5uoH Jo Itrud.r:\d ur.ar.ou d\r -. uou e sr ErrSLsoJ

J-J.1g.I1U€:78

'+sar ^n aq+ lle-Pueleq aSPas ual}o;Jo+a^eLl araq/l^

I 'srala^eJl ,lo)tasnoLl aql e^-e8nrnsf ]aqurau-rarI 'lselra^o s! l)s aq] ra^auaLl^A

' e/!\e leoq Au ualseq I 'ader aq+ I>lesopasseduaLl^A :^\ols Suro8'esof +lal I sa^a A|.uul srPa.lq]r,^A

.Tl+ c{.4l,9n4

'^lapl/v\ os u,{\ou) srl, 'oB Pue aluof, sdtqs sV :lod aq} !retuoPo)sl acPIde Paure,oS

e 1 1 9 ( ! * q7 &sv{sH xn?a+qflv ? r1!(Bilyz

{.) Z.l e€V

..4:tH.J-4 +e 19H4=+

q r1 f q4J_{19 :r&+d++o4. 2.tll N ,{q patutxt

,9!!>k rt1.r&O={-

'sarul^oro uralsa,r aql lo asoL1l lle o] a^r8 Plno/\^| 'atru aral{ -}! +l 'esol jo aunP alla

]led oueld

+ r1

+

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h,ffi

SORANSONGOF HOKKAIDO ( S o r a nB u s h i )

Lf Ya

-

!e -en

2. + Yd-

, So t So

-

t t rn -!n t r. '!n

, So , So

-

t I ro-ao t ra-e!

, , So'ro-tu t t 2 ra-u So

t so, So

y 7 n-aa , t ra'an

) So ,) So

-

1ra" -, rua

48

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-|

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Iol

.n q nrt 'r, :,l )

tt+ rq, t=1'

nu - 3r

'o,t.

_DI

+r ?

tq -3:I - Di

o-o1

-

ol

Ir-Eu-I

.,{ .} uo - o)I

ou or

al rr.1

6V I 1

I I

I L

!J'!I

rioo

tr.'t

-$

-q -?

nI_t\

-::):r.r4{$.q ID

. . - . - _ ! tt r i z : t

-ou _,i

Il

. 'olt

!

rx

r.+ .4

u-Nu ( I

I .f

!

(

- o!-rtrnJ

., :/.t

o!'ol (, :

'i(l :

.tt-ou'D)l Erl-tu"nrI

1+2>

u]'qs-,N "1 1:)

t\.

z ) b l,Fa

Soran Song of Hokkaido Yarensoran,soran,soran,soian, Whether herringscom€ or not, We asled the gods to harvest;

At^v:/

t-t:/

t-7./

t-2t

t-rt

r: l,i,(ffi)*6i't tr6ffr: : it rf ELoffiffi6 a yL\H< ,"a

Each and every god whined, kon, kon-won't

come, choi.

Hear the songsof sea-gulls

( F: rt tl $oEg@rE

Over the ocean waves

fiF* D6*rl

+D) 6 i'Lrl

And you can't give up The life on the sea.

Yoichi is a goodly town

+iF l Li I L -Erl

You've to visit once at least,

&'.6-&0tLhtiL')

a5" da

For the golden waves Aro


t'^

^

+lD


lf the sea-gullson the offing

i+@EBit 6 or'i tt 6 ri

Were to speak as we do,

l;J b Hrrt b Hi'tlt: i

Your messageI would hear from them Or the messageI would send to you.

S6ran Song is one of the folk songs ot Hokhaido, being nexr otdest to Oiwake Song. It is so named from the shorting to nark rime, iike yoho, as ir is origtually the shouting at drawing up herrings. The o.iginal home of this song is said to have been Tsugaru in Aomori Prelecture as the fishermen there useat to make such shouting as this to mark time for ner-fishing. Since many 6shermen in Hokkaido have come from Tsugaru, rhey p.obably brought with Lhem there this s6ran song. Herrings in the sea of Eokkaido arc founal in the lvesielll coasr. an.t towarrl auiunn to ihe eastem coasr, where a gfeat number of them are caushl About l h i s u m e I h e t e m l l F h e a i n C s . o m . a s l ^ o r er o h y l h e i r ro rh.." -.on S " ,color of rhe sea. males also, and ihat in such a great .umber as to change" S ihe The fishermen have to draw in their ners aU at once, and rhar can h2rdty be expected if there were not this lively song ma.king their time.

50

IS 'raruroJ 3q1 a)u snldrns aql uo pal aq 01 peq aroJsrstll puE otnpord lo 'otu SuFnpord 14 qtlr s€'{\'ra€]l|or{ rarlrol Xeqt uI rood srM ra1l€I 3qr ollq^t ()1 'i|gl"q"ia {919) oltl"J, 3rI1 Jo ]Eq] o1 p38uolaq osII 3Iq^{'Ias "qJ p a 8 u o L de q u t r p - o l I l d J " u r , o r r ^ \ o d S u I A o ' 3 a u t l J r q r o s d 0 5 s J d gu a J l ' r q l o-racNr ouc as lo dJ r^o-d rqr pap,^!p ut,rr \ d r r r J d t d r d '€ra !!lal4l aql oruls 'nlo,r, uq,r, :"ui p""or" sureJ xrraqnul '{uelu 'rE aroql pu! oucScN ,,']t"-'n S-r',nn" o uoo'oJI ic luoLrodL ue uaro s"q drnrralrJd 'eq rllir ? uo Jdvr dqr u^\oD l i d o r . l r r r J d q . r o , c l l r F r n c c s l d 1 " ,' a d ' 3 u e q u E d r u r"dJpooJu3tqv \ r s J u r S p c o ' o l l c l o l a q l Curo: ur eu,j.) rorlL,roosuEJ "o Jo s rrr or'r"B or "u euL dlqe'Lddsrlurdql eeA ,{cr$r€rci slqr'sdr'qouornc arnFaJard ouPatN uI €pII put ?uI }o alrtcala ou arar{ sraq} uaq^! s{Ep oq1 q Euuaruaa 'ia^Ir nfruer aql BuoIB Suns uaaq sPq Euos sIqJ "i""oi

"u

"o

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SONGSOF I(OKI(IRII(O Itelodt Fsn,crided by Ha$ori

Andantino

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Dolent€ e dolto espressivo,J- es ( Sado Okesa)

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ki

J SaI

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j y t r-

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' t*

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EighL hundred years ago, du.ing ihe age of the Fujilrara Regency, Sado Island was ar isle of er.iles. Sanished thiiher were such histo.ic figures as the Emperor Juntoku aDd Sainr Nichircn, founcier of the Nichiren secr of Bu.ldhism. The discovery of a gotd mine at a place called Aikawa on the jsle about 850 years ago-durinA the rule of the TokuAarva ShoAunate brought an age of prosperity and splendor. cold production here used io be big enough to make an imporiant financial mainstay of rhe Tokusarvas_ Iis deposits nea.ly gone, the mine is noly in a decrepit srate. But the isle is rich in local color, rraceable larg€ly ro tragic stories about exit€s and memories of the Aolden age. Mosi expressile of the tocal cotor is Sado Okesa, or -{ Fotk Song of Sado. As to the origir of the vord ,,Okesa,,many tegen.ts are tot.l. Once upon a ume, goes one leaend, there lived a dch otct man in ihe town of Ogi on the iste. Ee kept a cat, which he loved dearty. Evnrualty his fortunes wenr down, anal h€ was reduced to sorry straits vith many duns at his heels, The animal iook compassion on its poor master. To cto him a good turn, rh€ cat tmnslormed itself into a beauriful girl and took to the profession of geisha, calling hersetf Okei. Okei's singing and dancing soon won her rousinA fame far and wide. Her song and dance b€came a fad and her name, throuah various srages of transmission, becam€ corrupted into ,,Okesa.', Another legend-not necessarily or ihe orjgin of rhe name_has it that a dauAhter of Nobutaka Oda, a warlord, fe in tov€ ivith a nametessyoung man and eloped with him to Aikarva Town. There they opened a small resraurant for Every time she sarv men from Kyoro (and Osaka), alrawn hither in large numbers by the goidrush, she nas seized with an inrense homesickness for the Miyako (th€ capital, then in Kyoio). To everyone deparring thither she entrusied a message to folks at home. The message, according to rh€ legenai, was in the vrords vhich make the first stanza of Sado Okesa: Tovard Sado and toward Saclo, EveD rhe trees and the herbs bend towarai ir. Is Sado a good ptace io abiite? (Dor'i ask me.) The second stanza runs: How could I come to Sado, ThouAh you may urge me so? The isle is forty,nine ri away Over rhe rouAh ride sea. The distance of 49 ri (t ri-about 2.4 miles) is from Wajima on the Noto Before the discovery of the Aotd mine Saclo hacl more communicarion wirh the Kansai districi ihan lvirh Edo (nov Tokyo). The eartiest ateveloped town on the isle was Ogi. Bruno Taut, notecl cerman architect, visiia.l Ogi white in Japan and admireit locat houses as ,,welfbatanc€d and highty cutri;aied struc_ tures." These buitdings and orher retics of cutture sri]] .emain. In ihe age of baryes, Ogi Town was ihe gateway io SaatoIsland. Norv it is replaced as such by Ryozu po.q onty ihree hours arvay by steam€r from Niigara. The close ties between Saatoanal Niigaia City are sung of in Sado Okesa ihus: Over snowy Niigata_ The sun is settjng in a snolv.srorn1. Methinks Sado is asteep, As therc,s no light on the iste.

50

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F-HFN SONGSOF OWASE {Orvase Bushi )

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SONGSOF GUJO ( Gujo

Bushi )

Nlelodyt'escriberl b/ H.rtori

l. (' ll! Gu' jo

r-

Ha-chi L' 23

trvr+6v) SONREN-SE, A tvtt.. a S0N-REN.SE, Ma

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de-te

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to

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When I go out of Gujo-, I wring my sleeves, Thoughno rain is falling, I wring my sleeves.

€E.ta)t-,.1,f# S
High up in the skY The moon is roundand round; \Mith no sharPcorners, To wed a couplesmoothlYenough.

XD, -*rBt/w t >^.
Look at a calf Over there at Kodara: The little one is black As the cow is black.

fAlvJ\SRo +o+H
One may commitsuicide By jumpingfrom the Somonbridge. Like Saibeithe drunkardof Kodara, Drownedwith a barrel of sake.

,i,.trLt:td& FFlffi-a d\ErEz+z iE€ L

Gujo is knownwidelyand afar As the home of swift horses; The warrior'sfamedsteed"Surusumi" Hascomefrom Kera,oneof its villages' There'll be songafter song, The danceeverlasting, AnC there'llbe manY A moonlitnightioo.

nF$Kl,rrl: & ulra

AElj L /:6

F.HO>E

[Fg?-J < ,r ffi$r-J < EDbn'6\,'&ra2' <

remotetrom In olden days Gt\jo in urfu l]relecr'ulPwas reganledas I towr it had a com' Ase hosever' Tokueawt x*,o or c,lo trohvor. tn rhe coucaled hiahrv a was ez'.rma "i,ti. r-oil i"' ;,'r;;."' p"'."',"",v i'"n'i 0""";";J fler over his of prospelitv i"J i"t"riie""it rnan, ani naintained the peace and Jour classes' the of velfare peaqe and irrree rruni"ea and fortv vears. F.or the dudng Don-danc€ the intro'luced he arA merchants, t".*""", artlsans Cujo. sonss or rhese "r*"r"t, orLsinat"d in whi'h deld. or tl'e **;" it'" 1""'i*r numDeror There $ere m"nv horse{arrshel'l it Cujo which rlrFwa srcat it of hdse'fair theme the is whv provinces. This various l-n-""-a""L"" wrins songs' "r these of .i-J i"""o amons the bou;ongs. rhe words in one of these tlt"teh" * rain is f;lling,- tell of ih€ emotionsor so?rows *r the toim' in courtesans the partins with "f""""" at theii --." i""* .irt";"*"i.ces in; rons periodor pu'P thcre misht i" i.,ei*,ri,. ;i;;;;;t"il;6;;; 'n'. ot Kodara or lhereaboutslike rhe !illaac -Risolerto ri"* i"r't.r" or drtnki"d" in saibeiwas r tavorire in verdjs ".i Mantua or in"o,r" ii"i"""r-,. trcm rhe bridsP tauina iire br hi. ,r', orren drunk HF eraed if"l"t'o""." suicide commiting as sung have people humorduslv *rtr"rt the ii-"t" "i a barrel of sak6' "i with together

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Songsof Kushimoto (KushimotoBushi) Here is Kushimoto, Yonder lies Oshima; | -+ ',c <^'^

'

h/i.lda

The bridge o{ boats Between you and me.

a.r**+, 6rr,.rliB ffitt,uI&Vr tuffitt 34V.

a4:/1

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a4

a4:/1

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Here is Kushimolo, Yonder lies Oshima; The ferry-boat in the port Acts as the go-between For you and me.

L Ctlsz'' Frr"rt^E

Although a lighthousestands Out upon the headland, It will nevershine Upon the dark path of love.

i+,gorllsl:s€anl" BioEl6?F€ 6 l,r r}rl

What is the name of the headland/ I t i s c a l l e dN a n n aU r a ; But how is the headland? O, it's out upon the brine, And coveredwilh rough waves.

trF, Siit?B-tF

Placebridge piles One by one Out upon ihe brine; So this heart of mine may reach Kushimotoevet dear.

*.=2

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Kushimoto Bushi are folk-songs of Kushimoio in Wakayama Irrcfecture, which is a fishing town i1l the southem extremity of Honshu. The cape, Shionomisaki, lies about ihree miles south of Kushimoto. As the sea around the cape is fu]] of rcefs,.there stands on the cape a fi$tiraie lighthouse vhich was built in 18?-3. The rough sea on the west of Kushimoto is Kumano Nada, h rvhich about two kilo- mete$ f.om the shore lies an island of Oshima with i}lirtysix kil.m. in cncumfelence. Uulike Kumano Nada, the isiand of Oshima has a cruiet haven aU the year round. In olden dats it had pleasurequarters; thercfore, the ships sailing nearby made their poht of call at the pot to the delight of their sailers. Kushimoto Bushi today have come from the old songs whi.h srng ,,f rho .mo i.n.l .lilc : , ho e day'. From Kusbimoto to Oshima. a disiance ol lbout two kilo melers oD ihe sea, there lie tt.ty islands as if bficlge piles were built in a line The place has been named one of tbe natural preselvations of this country.

68

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yasugi Bushi are the songs around Yasugi Pori in Izumo (Shimane Prefec, ture). Since the opening of raihvay, the porL has lost iis significance, but. formerly the port behg situated along the main highway of Sanin dlstrict harl flourishing days as it wns crowded with ships and the to$'n s'as full of merchanis as th€ wo.d'Yasugi seng€n' (a tholrsand stores of Yasugi) tesrity ts prosperous The orjginal song is said to have been composed by Sahei Waranabe ( tfrfil e46 ) duriDg the age of Eunsei (1818 29), and dufjng tbe Tajsho era (1912 26) a voman named Ito lvatanabe (EHtr.t ) who claimcd to have descanded from ihe f,rsl composer was knorvn as the singer of rhese songs. The clainl, however, js nol trustnorthy as some lhink that these songs werc originatty rhe songs of boatmen ai Yasugi. Izumo Shrine of Shintoisu is the most well known shrine brdlt in honor of the god or marriagei heDce young \romen as well as youn8 m€n v,rho desire Aoorl marriage make pilgriNage throughout the land. Shrdchi Sakur.a, or ihe okl cher'ry tfee, xhich is siiU sung in rhe song, is noiv n hered, onlv rhe daad sium! r'emaitis. Eut Yasugi is pfou(l of havirg the beauritul scenarv of Tokami, tama, r coDeshafed mounrairl corefell wth greens which is saeD far out on Yasugi Bushi were liFl surg as an accompanjmenr to the cl.rncecaucd .loj,jsll&ri, of loach-Aathefing, about 1910, ivhich hare sincc lJecome so poputar as to be sttng a1l over the counirv. The dance$ with roivets ried around rhcir beads, their kimono tucked, and hamboo baskers or circular rrars in their hanals. imitate scooping or iishing loaches. The rords hale nothirg to do rvith thc daDcnrgas far as the meaDiug or associarionof icleasare concerDed. .the unique, ness of perfonnance, howevef, secms to have caughr tha fancy of people.

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On the Mount of Zozu.

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']slur jo e Lll!/v\PaPnorqslou sr teql Pnolf ,\-att)ff)^/.q'('qo# sutelunoLu aql Suolueauous.ataLll I r U g I I l . + S : ) i q . - r r+ q :sulelunoLuaLl]aas o+ +no lua/\^ | z lJeaLliuj JtossauPleLl1o lno B '8urdaa,u peatsut SursI arq,?)A rt*e.-fiF!t 1o .y ( y# .+q +reaqxuJ +o ssaupreL{aLll Jol ?.lw+1 +.+ :.1.l-rl+a :Burgursaltl 1 asneragSurs| )urrj+],uoc .V B ']uajed ,{u se no^ ot dn lool ll,l puv 'aur Joj EETW +(19QtSt&E +reaqSurrrole aae;1 r +> . f ) G : ? K _ t L4 + X + ( r W :]aguerlse ro, se au-tlo' teaq e a^pq of 'lle 2 Pue no^ ro+ lla,^ aq Plno,^^l, B 'no^ ro+op Jnoxleq_L e/q:49!# t,ue, s+uared aUnl+ow s^p/t\leSurLllaLuos aq ll.aJaLllJol 'sarurtaLuos +:)\Z+r,S t !_+4"/q. r q]t^^ alppauJo+ seq alro 'rejle s,raq+oueol sguolaq s lt ,r ua^f V 'arns ure 'au .ro+op > a!:?g lll4tlf ?.1q! llr/ s-luarediN I 'aur ra+jepa)ool aq ol 3u!Lil^ues,ara!l] ,|l w16aY4l ).ye4./q.,r :aleurPfurlr^aPaq+,lasrnoi a)eLu llr/{ no^ olur asourno^ thd no^ +l B 2 'rre+'pasla^poqaLuos 'sapeH ,o 3ur> aq+sea)rar+ses)ool aqspuv w+^/z r1)qY]'E 's.allPotrorf aq] se 8lq se sr Ll-lnourraH 's.IalLroruaLll se par se are saIJ raH : -fiF+lflE tEl4L"/q -lrB leql +e>lool')ool V Eieqorqs rl Iq patueuE tred ouPra

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/{+EJE THE MOS/ER'SSONGS :54 *b

Lento tranquillo .l

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Pi2n. part arra.Eed by M, Shiohara

s8 'punoff salr,p pur slllq 3q1 ra-to au]lE.raqra^ar sauos €saql SutLrFBlu! {q ua^a aueJs d L r J o i r n , i u q d q r q , , r \ : r J . ] J r + t l l r \ , r c r L { s { o q , q u c , l c Jl o r o n o u l d q r u o d n 'rra.{ spuDls lurr s]ql uI $tep io stlrq oql ro^o aqt olrrtl {u[ lY lrrrlsrp Jr Jo 'l.rD siil u! raqrou'r aurtrDrrr sl ra8uts x Itlr .]r se 1)iBaq arE s6uos qrns {u'rlu 5u!.\\otu Jo uosp€s aql uI ldlual sql ut aots IFnssareu suloJ€q sAuos srq 'puuq lqFu rqr u! aq )s sq Sulrlndru'rur atrqa sEu]s .ra^!ou aql sv SuoI lanJ iarql Jo .lrueq u srq 1_rsB 31rcdrenlro €q1 uuql i.8ret st asn daql sqfrs aqJ 'Fuuoor ro r.poJ sp posn aq {'rlu qJrq^\ lsqt€lunou pur srFq aqt r3,.\osnqlunrslu ro ssurir ooqurEq uaop Surlnr ..rE {aq} alq,^\ sr3^rolu .qt -{q Suns arE sauos asrqJ s.n)otalu asauEdul InJrln'raq lsour 3q1 ]o 3uo sE p31[nor aq ,tEur pue sddr rau'rt aqr ot Auot.q (uqsn.{>I) a.rnlralard l)trz,!,{!Iv u! oqrqrE>tr?J. ur prpaq 'punoqD ,?lrsltrrr ro s3lou.arp$ aqt qrlq.^t ul arl-' llqr s8uos s,ra^\our rqr s8uos a:yr4ro Jo llrqr sI raqtir 3q1 puE',tpoqd(r {q Suns aq o} ^sDa puE stdu]s orE salpolau aql q.tq.r uI ro.LEI Io sauos puD saucszoq Jo rrql sI auo :sad,{l o-\11olul pagissulr -{l!t8nor 3q,{IrLu s8uoslloJ.saucdtf Jo sDlrolau oqJ

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uo saurclaql Euouj, Euls sePell) Aluo zau.rro]t oaal Plno/v\oq^A 'aur rol sV 'a,p Plnoqs| ,r 'uo ouorul>lIlpoo8 pus rqo llpoo8 q]1,44 'aldoad^lpoo8 are aldoad nol e a) Il tood rlj,l : )eBBaq')e33aq {

'lauoos aq+ araq a^eal | 'lalliea sauol uo8 )|l gYfd +ti ) f6:49 :a^eali!! a)et ll,l teq+ra]+v (-\!ts) "197-c+ +€ * !.49 :uo€ uoB lrlun iels I q .t € q .i ry (r)r,i) f -.+ "?

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HIE- POUNDINGSONGS (Hie Tsuki Btshi )

88

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68 'rappoJ pasn qtlq$ art sc 'nJF irrrlrt salqluDsr.r ,711 pillo'u st qr s.\oJ5 u.lJo ! iL{i 1I lo spass rql 't1l6l uI t)nr3ld!uo, oq aDursrar']r! u {uls rlorlrnrFuor.ql IFr\ puD uo ;o1o; uaaq sl:q utNp :r.\!od t ]o'tqllqs 01 pautlsap ^!ou sr 'Irols s]r{l ro lD.s iql lEllsq reindod slq} uI Suns 'srapJo uof]]rru .Ll1 qrr.\! lPd 01 plq I'rIJgo ql \ l)trLrptol u.o(L sLrqrrors i-lll-L 'rara-\\oq 'rqJPqle( ruolnrnsJ peuEu uaplEu D qll^\ arol q lIaJ t)alsnrtua aureiL jatlq oql ariqi\ 'lrqllqs or p!3rs srli uI lLirEqrPq riqlorq su lr13s aq ' st'{\ orj sr tnq 'lu3ru{ra\oE rtliio nqr .iq urlop luaql lunq o} r€pro u'r ua^rE sE'll ns':N EJn'ou{n:q 1! slr]N(l rql ul uEIt llu€c aql Iq }P3Fp aql ra}JEoanJar punoJ rqrlot r3rnlraJerd DIezeIt!{ q eqllqs lo aBEII!^ rrot,riliar.r rqt Jo slletrIa.I sluos .raq^\ snoulEtunoru .ql punoru pur ur Suns dlleurBlro saa AuoS Sulpunod 'zE

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Hie-PoundingSong On to the wild ash tree

Foltu,,,a*

I w i l l p u t a b e l l ,y o h o i ;

lB.5$ii)irz 60ll85 }:r

When il iingles.you comc out, yo.

gi

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3 - + -.1 Su l,'li.pfrr. -

When it iingles,jingles, For what excuseshall I come, yo hoi? For watering the horse, !'ll come our, yo.

s b o c g t6: f

Poundas I may, The hulls nevercome.off, yo hoi; In what depthsof a ware house,has it come, yo?

7j /r,tft6r.r 6 aol+2lJh a -^4 t L0)t''Mo'1ffi/)h' a -

You have descended Fromthe Heike clan of peerage, yo hoi; l'm offshoot of the Nasu, the chastisers,yo.

%'J.P+'*q)

Daihachiof Nasu had to part With Tsurutomithe maid, yo hoi, l n t h e v i l l a g eo f S h i i b a ; His eyes were bathed in tcars, yo.

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raq ro] Irr ueaqaql 'qv iPa^olaq slq BurlleH :sualsrlrapuaq] 'Paa+s g+i+ * gs, \u .T11[€EJ-qri g l€t6 .LEC)&(DY 9tj+:I .4W{,t .4'\ 7 qo$

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OF KURODA GS (K uloda Bushi)

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OHARA SONGSOF KAGOSHIMA (Kagoshima Ohara Busmr

Modelato;:90

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HATOMA ISLE SONGS OF ( Hatoma Bushi)

Uelody i.anscfibed by Hattori

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Songsof Hatoma lsle l H a t o m aB u s h i ) Climbthe hill on Hatoma And cast your eyes ove. there.

Fd

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You will see the kuba trees, Crowing ever stately on the summit.

An Amefican acquaintance oi mtne said dispassionately art€r hearing a hau dozen Japanese folk songs, "They all have ih€ sanre so.rowful, mournfltl tune." The look on hrs fac-" shoved thal he waln t in the least inier' One month later vhen he Nas aboul to r€tu.n home afler faveling alon8 rarjous parts of Japan, this Amerlcan came io see me again. lvhen I mcr him, he began io sing the Kuroda Bushi (Imayo), an old Japanese lolk song, and 'ian.e wlth .ather uncertain steps Some years earlier, a large American publishing company sent me a letler asking fo. permission lo publlsh in some primary schooi books the "Yosakoi Bushi of Tosa" and thc "Coalminer's Song in the Joban Disidct, vhich I had edited in a Colleciion of Japanese Folk Songs. l'oreign€rs usually preler folk songs with a light, .hylhmical tune. The songs n'hrch ihe fofeign€rs kno1v, however, are only a small para of the great number ol Japanese folk songs songs which have rich variations of aun€, m.aning and ihythm. Folk sonss, lvhose o.igin! and authoG have long since been forgotten. have been handed dovn ihrough lhe ages f.om generation to generation. It is only natural that Japan, \h:, h a a lons 'ri"or), huuld be rirh in ForeigneE n'ho hear Japanese folk songs for ih€ fiNt time usually say they all sound thc same-sorrowrul and melanclroly-and they cannot ieli ihe difference one irom thc oih€r. lf lhey listen carefully, howeve., they will discover that there is a difference. Th€ folk songs of the Tohoku distict in north_ eastern .Iapan differ from ihose of the Kyushu dist.ict in souihern Japan.

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Japanesefolk songs differ vith each dlstrici, bui th€y alt have on€ common charact€ristiu. Thcy are all in double or quadruple iime, and Lhere isn't single one that has three beats. (Though the Lullaby of Itsuki is populariy sung in triple tim€, ils o.iginal music is den nitely in double time.) Thjs is in striking conlrast to the ltorean folk songs, lehich are Anyone vilh even a rudimentary knowledge of music ivill immediately recognize that Orip r!l nL.i. i 01 "o on r"p p n ator'' scale, But very few people know thai there js a difference in the pentatonic scale of Chinese music and ahat of Japanese music This shouid bc an inierestjng sulrject lor music students, but I wlll limit my ex a.alion to the follo{'ing: The melody of Chinese music is based on ih€ pentatonic scale-do re misofla, $'hile lhe Japan€semusic scale, \'ith' . . iorp pxipl I o-. : Jo.p Esol.lr. A-o i, noiable that the folk song of Ryukyu Islands is similar in iis mode to that of China No one knovs exacuy how many Japanese lolk songs there are, but there are over 200 p ! ' r F r . _ r .r', p r o . k " n a . j o t r h F v a " . o - l ' . ' 'Ihere are vork songs of fa.mers and iisher men, as well as songs for v€dding cerenonies and banquets, le.haps the nosr popular are the "Bon" lantern festival songs, 1vhich are sung on the Buddhist All Souls' DaY. The "Bon" leslival dances are hetd everv year on August 15{6 to mourn tha dead, but they are now devoid of all relisious signifi_ cance, and are suna by the people as popular sones. Every summer. a cenier stage rs nutlt in each iovn or villag€ in Japan and the neighbors galher in a circle around it to sing

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