Japanese Battleship Yamato

Japanese battleship Yamato

1


The Yamato during sea trials off Japan near Bungo Strait, October 20, 1941.

Career (Japanese Empire) [1]

Ordered:

March 1937

Builder:

Kure DY

Laid down:

4 November 1937

Launched:

8 August 1940

Commissioned:

[2] [2]

[2] [2]

16 December 1941

Struck:

31 August 1945

Fate:

Sunk 7 April 1945 North of Okinawa

[3]

General characteristics Class and type:

Yamato-class Yamato -class battleship

Displacement:

(unknown operator: u'strong' long tons) unknown operator: u',' tonnes (unknown [4] (unknown operator: u'strong' long tons) (full load) unknown operator: u',' tonnes (unknown

Length:

[4]

256 m () (waterline) [4] 263 m () (overall) [4]

Beam:

38.9 m ()

Draft:

11 m ()

Installed power:

150000 shp (unknown (unknown operator: u'strong' kW)

Propulsion:

[4] [4]

[4]

12 Kampon boilers, driving 4 steam turbines [4] • Four 3-bladed propellers. •

[4]

Speed:

27 knots (unknown (unknown operator: u'strong' km/h; unknown operator: u'strong' mph)

Range:

7200 nmi (unknown (unknown operator: u'strong' km; unknown operator: u'strong' mi) at 16 knots (unknown (unknown [4] operator: u'strong' km/h; unknown operator: u'strong' mph)

Complement:

2,500 – 2,800 2,800

[4][5]


2

[4]

Armament: (1941)

9 × 46 cm (18.1 in) (3×3) [4] 12 x 155 mm (6.1 in) (4×3) [4] 12 × 127 mm (unknown (unknown operator: u'strong' in) [4] 24 × 25 millimetres (unknown (unknown operator: u'strong' in) (8×3) [4] 4 × 13.2 mm (unknown (unknown operator: u'strong' in) AA (2×2)

Armament: (1945)

9 × 46 cm (18.1 in) (3×3) [6] 6 × 155 mm (6.1 in) (2×3) [6] 24 × 127 mm (unknown (unknown operator: u'strong' in) [6] 162 × 25 mm (unknown (unknown operator: u'strong' in) Anti-Aircraft (52×3, 6×1) [6] 4 × 13.2 mm (unknown (unknown operator: u'strong' in) AA (2×2)

Armour:

650 mm (unknown (unknown operator: u'strong' in) on face of main turrets [7] 410 mm (unknown (unknown operator: u'strong' in) side armour [7] 200 mm (unknown (unknown operator: u'strong' in) central(75%) armoured deck [7] 226.5 mm (unknown (unknown operator: u'strong' in) outer(25%) armoured deck

Aircraft carried:

7

Aviation facilities:

2 aircraft catapults

Yamato

[6]

[7]

[7] [7]

(大和 ), named after the ancient Japanese Yamato Province, was the lead ship of the Yamato class of

battleships that served with the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. She and her sister ship, Musashi, were the heaviest and most powerfully armed battleships ever constructed, displacing 72,800 tonnes at full load and armed with nine 46 cm (18.1 inch) main guns. Neither ship survived the war. Laid down in 1937 and formally formally commissioned a week after aft er the Pearl Harbor attack in late 1941, Yamato was designed to counter the numerically superior s uperior battleship fleet of the the United States, Japan's main rival in the Pacific. Throughout 1942 she served as the flagship of the Japanese Combined Fleet, Fleet, and in June 1942 Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto directed the fleet from her bridge during the Battle of Midway, a disastrous defeat for Japan. Musashi took over as the Combined Fleet flagship in early 1943, and Yamato spent the rest of the year, and much of 1944, moving between the major Japanese naval bases of Truk and Kure in response to American threats. Although she was present at the Battle of the Philippine Sea in June 1944, Yamato played no part in the battle. The only time she fired her main guns at enemy surface targets was in October 1944, when she was sent to engage American forces invading the Philippines during the Battle of Leyte Gulf. On the verge of success, the Japanese force turned back, believing they were engaging an entire US carrier fleet rather than the light escort carrier group that was all that stood between Yamato and the vulnerable troop transports. During 1944 the balance of naval power in the Pacific decisively turned against Japan and, by early 1945, the Japanese fleet was much depleted and critically short of fuel stocks in the home islands, limiting its usefulness. In April 1945, in a desperate attempt to slow the Allied advance, Yamato was dispatched on a one way voyage to Okinawa, where it was intended that she should protect the island from invasion and fight until destroyed. The task force was spotted south of Kyushu by US submarines and aircraft, and on 7 April 1945 she was sunk by American carrier-based bombers and torpedo bombers with the loss of most of her crew.

Design and construction During the 1930s the Japanese government adopted an ultranationalist militancy with a view to greatly expand the Japanese Empire.

[8]

Japan withdrew from the League of Nations in 1934, renouncing its treaty obligations.

[9]

After

withdrawing from the Washington Naval Treaty, which limited the size and power of capital ships, the Imperial Japanese Navy began their design of the new Yamato class of heavy battleships. The class design was not finalized [10]

until 1937.

When the class was finally laid down, a great effort was made in Japan to ensure that the ships were

built in extreme secrecy to prevent American intelligence officials from learning of their existence and [6][11]

specifications.

As part of the secrecy, the Japanese referred to their armament as 16 inch guns. It was not until


3

the end of the war that her true displacement and the caliber of her weaponry were known. Yamato was the lead ship of the class.

[12]

Planners recognized that Japan would be unable to compete with the output of naval shipyards of the

United States should war break out, so the vessels of the Yamato class were designed to be capable of engaging multiple enemy battleships at the same time.

[13][14]

They displaced over 70,000 tons each, and it was hoped that their

firepower would offset American naval production capabilities.

[4]

Yamato's keel was laid down at the Kure Naval Arsenal, Hiroshima, on 4 November 1937, in a dockyard that had to

be adapted to accommodate her enormous hull.

[6][15]

capable of lifting up to 350 tonnes were installed.

The dock was deepened by one metre, and gantry cranes

[6][16]

Fearful that the United States would learn of the vessel's

characteristics, the Japanese erected a canopy over part of the slipway to screen the ship from view. launched on 8 August 1940, with Captain (later Vice-Admiral) Miyazato Shutoku in command.

[17]

Yamato was

[18]

Armament Yamato's main battery consisted of nine 46 cm (18.1 in) 45 Caliber

Type 94 naval guns —the largest caliber of naval artillery ever fitted to a warship,

[20]

although the shells were lighter than the British 18 inch

naval guns of World War I. Each gun was 21.13 metres ((unknown unknown (unknown operator: u'strong' ft) long, weighed 147.3 tonnes (unknown operator: u'strong' short tons), and was capable of firing high explosive or armor piercing shells 42 kilometres ((unknown unknown operator: [21]

u'strong' mi).

Her

secondary

battery

comprised

twelve

155-millimetre (unknown (unknown operator: u'strong' in) guns mounted in four triple turrets (one forward, one aft, two midships), and twelve

Yamato near the end of her fitting out, 20 [19] September 1941

127-millimetre (unknown (unknown operator: u'strong' in) guns in six twin mounts (three on each side amidships). These turrets had been taken off the Mogami class cruisers when those vessels were converted to a main armament of 8 inch guns. In addition, Yamato carried twenty-four 25-millimetre (unknown operator: u'strong' in) anti-aircraft guns, primarily mounted amidships. 1945 for naval engagements in the South Pacific,

[5]

[20]

When refitted in 1944 and

the secondary battery configuration was changed to six 155 mm

guns and twenty four 127 mm guns, and the number of 25 mm anti-aircraft guns was increased to 162.

[22]

Service Trials and initial operations During

October

or

November

1941

Yamato

underwent sea trials, reaching her maximum possible speed

of

27.4

u'strong' km/h;

knots

(unknown (unknown

unknown [][23]

u'strong' mph).

operator:

operator:

As war loomed, priority was

given to accelerating military construction. On 16 —months December —

ahead

of

schedule —the

battleship was formally commissioned at Kure. The ceremony was more austere than usual; the Japanese were

still

intent

on

concealing

the

ship's

[]

Yamato during sea trials, October 1941.

characteristics. The same day, under Captain (later Vice-Admiral) Gihachi Takayanagi, she joined fellow battleships Nagato and Mutsu in the 1st Battleship Division.

[24]


4

On 12 February 1942, Yamato became the flagship of Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto's Combined Fleet.

[][]

The

Japanese admiral was planning a decisive engagement with the United States Navy at Midway Island, so after participating in war games Yamato departed Hiroshima Bay on 27 May for duty with Yamamoto's main battleship [][25]

group.

US codebreakers were aware of of Yamamoto's intentions and the Battle of Midway proved disastrous for

Japan's carrier force, with four fleet carriers and 332 aircraft destroyed. from Yamato's bridge,

[25]

[]

Yamamoto exercised overall command

but his battleplan had widely dispersed his forces to lure the Americans into a trap, and the []

battleship group was too far away to take part in the engagement. On 5 June, Yamamoto ordered the remaining ships to return to Japan, so Yamato withdrew with the main battleship force to Hashirajima before making her way back to Kure.

[][24] [26][27]

Yamato left Kure for Truk on 17 August 1942.

After 11 days at sea, she was sighted by the American

submarine USS Flying Fish, which fired four torpedoes. No hits were scored and Yamato arrived safely at Truk later that day.

[][26][28]

She remained here throughout the Guadalcanal Campaign because of a lack of 460 mm ammunition

suitable for shore bombardment, uncharted seas around Guadalcanal, and her high fuel consumption.

[5][]

Before the

[26]

year's end, Captain (later Rear Admiral) Chiaki Matsuda was assigned to command Yamato.

[]

On 11 February 1943, Yamato was replaced replaced by her sister ship Musashi as flagship of the Combined Fleet. Dubbed "Hotel Yamato" by the Japanese cruiser and destroyer crews stationed in the South Pacific,

[26]

the battleship battleship spent

only a single day away from Truk between her arrival in August 1942 and her departure on 8 May 1943. day, she set sail for Yokosuka and from there for Kure, arriving on 14 May. inspection and general repairs,

[26]

[][29]

[][29]

On that

She spent nine days in drydock for

and after sailing to Japan's western Inland Sea she was again ag ain drydocked drydocked in late

July for significant refitting and upgrades. These included improvements to her secondary turret armor and rudder [26]

controls,

and the removal of her 155 mm wing turrets in favor of greater anti-aircraft protection in the form of

25 mm guns and two surface search radar systems.

[]

On 16 August, Yamato began her return to Truk where she

joined a large task force formed in response response to American raids on the Tarawa and Makin atolls.

[26]

She sortied in late

September with Nagato, three carriers, and smaller warships to intercept US Task Force 15 and again a month later with six battleships, three carriers, and eleven cruisers. Intelligence had reported that the United States Naval Base at Pearl Harbor was nearly empty of ships,

[]

which the Japanese interpreted to mean that an American naval force

[]

would strike at Wake Island. But there were no radar contacts for six days, and the fleet returned to Truk, arriving on 26 October.

[]

Yamato escorted Transport Operation BO-1 from Truk to Yokosuka

during 12 – 17 17 December.

[29]

Subsequently, because of their extensive

storage capacity and thick armour protection, Yamato and Musashi were pressed into service as transport vessels.

[30]

On 25 December,

—which while ferrying troops and equipment — were wanted as

reinforcements for the garrisons at Kavieng and the Admiralty Islands —from Yokosuka to Truk, Yamato and her task group were intercepted by the American submarine Skate about 180 miles (unknown operator: u'strong' km) out at sea. Yamato and Musashi and Musashi anchored in the waters off of the Truk Islands in 1943

[][31]

Skate fired a

spread of four torpedoes at Yamato; one struck the battleship's starboard side towards the stern.

[]

A hole 5 metres (unknown ( unknown

operator: u'strong' ft) below the top of her anti-torpedo bulge and unknown operator: u'strong' ft) across was ripped open in the hull, and a joint measuring some 25 metres ((unknown between the upper and lower armoured belts failed, causing the rear turret's upper magazine to flood. on about 3,000 tons of water, the battleship,

[26]

[19][31]

[19]

Yamato took

but reached Truk later that day. Repair ship Akashi effected temporary repairs on

and Yamato departed on 10 January for Kure.

[31]

On 16 January 1944, Yamato arrived at Kure for repairs and was drydocked until 3 February 1944.

[26]

During this

time, armour plate sloped at 45° was fitted in the area of the torpedo damage; it had been proposed that 5000 long


5

tons (unknown (unknown operator: u'strong' t) of steel be used to bolster the ship's defense against flooding from torpedo hits outside the armoured citadel, but this was rejected out of hand because the additional weight would have increased Yamato's displacement and draft by too great a margin.

[19]

While Yamato was drydocked, Captain Nobuei

Morishita —former captain of the battleship Haruna —assumed command.

[26]

On 25 February, both Yamato and

Musashi were reassigned from the 1st Battleship Division to the Second Fleet. Yamato was again drydocked for

further upgrades to all her radar and anti-aircraft systems from 25 February to 18 March 1944.

[26]

An additional six 127 mm twin gun mounts were added, taking the place of the original 155 mm wing turrets, and an additional thirty six 25 mm guns in triple mountings were installed, increasing the total number of 127 mm and 25 mm anti-aircraft guns to 24 and 162, respectively.

[22]

Her radar suite

was also upgraded to include infrared identification systems and aircraft search and gunnery control radars.

[26]

She left the

Line drawing of Yamato of Yamato as she appeared in 1944 – 1945 1945 (specific configuration

drydock on 18 March and went through several trials beginning on 11 April.

from April 7, 1945)

[31]

Yamato left Kure on 21 April and embarked soldiers and materiel the following day at Okinoshima for a mission to

Manila, reaching the Philippines on 28 April. Ozawa's Mobile Fleet at Lingga;

[26]

[19]

She then moved on to Malaysia to join Vice-Admiral Jisaburo

this force arrived at Tawi Tawi on 14 May.

[26]

Battle of the Philippine Sea In early June, Yamato and Musashi were again requisitioned as troop transports, this time to reinforce the garrison and naval defenses of the island of Biak as part of Operation Kon.

[30][32]

The mission was cancelled when word

reached Ozawa's headquarters of American carrier attacks on the Mariana Islands.

[30]

Instead the Imperial Japanese

Navy reorganized, concentrating the majority of its remaining fighting strength in the hope of achieving a decisive success against the Americans. By this time though, the entire Japanese navy was inferior in numbers and experience to the U.S. Pacific Fleet.

[32]

From 19 June to 23 June 1944, Yamato escorted forces of Ozawa's Mobile Fleet during

the Battle of the Philippine Sea, dubbed by American pilots "The Great Marianas Turkey Shoot". Japanese lost three aircraft carriers and 426 aircraft; opening fire on returning Japanese aircraft.

[32]

[32][33]

The

Yamato's only significant contribution was mistakenly

[26]

Following the battle Yamato withdrew with the Mobile Fleet to the Hashirajima staging area near Kure to refuel and rearm. With Musashi she left the fleet on 24 June for the short journey to Kure, where she received five more triple [32]

25 mm anti-aircraft mounts.

The opportunity was taken to put in place "emergency buoyancy keeping

procedures." These resulted in the removal of almost every flammable item from the battleship, including linoleum, bedding, and mattresses. In place of the latter, men slept on planks which could be used to repair damage. Flammable paints received a new silicon based overcoat, and additional portable pumps and fire fighting apparatus were installed.

[32]

Leaving Japan on 8 July, Yamato —accompanied by the battleships Musashi, Kongo, Nagato, and

eleven cruisers and destroyers —sailed south. Yamato and Musashi headed for the Lingga Islands, arriving on 16 – 17 17 July. By this stage of the war Japan's tanker fleet had been much reduced by marauding American submarines, so major fleet units were stationed in the East Indies to be near the source of their fuel supply. remained at the islands for the next three months.

[32]

[32]

The battleships


6

Battle of Leyte Gulf Between 22 October and 25 October 1944, as part of Admiral Takeo Kurita's Centre Force (also known as Force A or First Striking Force), Yamato took part in one of the largest naval engagements in

history —the Battle of Leyte Gulf.

[34]

In response to the American

invasion of the Philippines, Operation Shō-Gō called for a number of Japanese groups to converge on the island of Leyte, where American troops were landing. On 18 October, Yamato was given a coating of black camouflage in preparation for her nighttime transit of the San Bernardino Strait; the main ingredient was soot taken from her [26]

Yamato on 24 October 1944 during the Battle of

smokestack.

While en route to Leyte the force was attacked in

the Sibuyan Sea; she has just been hit by a bomb.

Palawan Passage on 23 October by the submarines USS Darter and Dace, which sank two Takao class heavy cruisers including Kurita's

flagship, Atago, and damaged a third.

[35]

[26]

Kurita survived the loss of Atago Atago and transferred his flag to Yamato.

The

following day the Battle of the Sibuyan Sea hurt the Centre Force badly with the loss of three more heavy cruisers, eliminating a substantial part of the fleet's anti-aircraft defence. During the course of the day, American carrier aircraft sortied a total of 259 times. Aircraft from the USS Essex struck Yamato with two armour piercing bombs and unknown operator: scored one near miss; Yamato suffered moderate damage and took on about 3370 tonnes ((unknown u'strong' long tons) of water.

[36]

Musashi sank after being hit with 17 torpedoes and 19 bombs.

[37]

Unknown to the Japanese admiral, the main American defensive force with Admiral William Halsey, Jr. departed Leyte on the evening of 24 October. Convinced that Kurita's Centre Force had been turned back, Halsey took his powerful 3rd Fleet in pursuit pursuit of the Japanese Japanese Northern Force, Force, a decoy group group composed composed of one fleet aircraft carrier ( Zuikaku), three light carriers, two Ise class hybrid battleship carriers, and their escorts.

[35]

The deception was a

success, drawing away five fleet carriers and five light carriers with more than 600 aircraft among them, six fast battleships, eight cruisers, and over 40 destroyers. During the hours of darkness Kurita's force navigated the San Bernardino Strait and shortly after dawn, in the Battle off Samar, Samar, attacked an American formation that had remained in the area to provide close support for the invading troops. Known as "Taffy 3", this small group comprised six escort carriers, three destroyers, and four destroyer escorts.

[38]

In the initial stages of this battle, Yamato engaged

enemy surface targets for the only time in her career, hitting hitting several American ships.

[38][39][40]

After Yamato

confirmed primary battery hits on the escort carrier USS Gambier Bay, a spread of torpedoes heading for Yamato were spotted; the battleship was forced to steer away from the fighting to avoid them and was unable to rejoin the battle.

[35]

Although armed only with with torpedoes and 5 inch guns and under attack by large calibre cannons, the light

American surface combatants, supported by by FM2 Wildcats and TBM Avengers from Taff y 3's escort carriers, attacked so ferociously that Kurita believed his ships were engaging a full American task force of fleet carriers.

[41]

[35]

A

mistaken report that he was facing six fleet carriers, three cruisers, cru isers, and two destroyers led Kurita to order his task force to turn and disengage. Yamato emerged from the battle without serious damage; only three near misses from bombs and seventeen casualties from strafing were suffered during the battle itself, while carrier strikes during the retreat caused light damage to the ship and injured or killed twenty one crewmen. Three more heavy cruisers and one light cruiser were subsequently lost. The Centre Force sank one American escort carrier (CVE), two destroyers, and a destroyer escort.

[35]

A second CVE was lost by kamikaze attack after the surface engagement. [42]

Following the engagement Yamato and the remnants of Kurita's Kurita's force returned to Brunei.

On 15 November 1944,

the 1st Battleship Division was disbanded and Yamato became the flagship of the Second Fleet. while transiting the East China Sea in a withdrawal to Kure Naval Base,

[43]

[26]

On 21 November,

Yamato's battle group was attacked by

the submarine USS Sealion. The battleship Kongo and destroyer Urakaze were lost.

[44]

Yamato was immediately

drydocked for repairs and anti-aircraft upgrades on reaching Kure, where several of the battleship's older anti-aircraft guns were replaced. On 25 November, Captain Aruga Kōsaku was named Yamato's commander.

[26]


7

Operation Ten-Go On 1 January 1945, Yamato, Haruna and Nagato were transferred to the newly reactivated 1st Battleship Division. Yamato left drydock two days later for Japan's Inland Sea.

[26]

This reassignment was brief; the

1st Battleship Division was deactivated once again on 10 February and Yamato was allotted to the 1st Carrier Division.

[45]

On 19 March,

American carrier aircraft from Enterprise, Yorktown and Intrepid [45][46]

raided Kure.

Although 16 warships were hit, Yamato sustained

only minor damage from a number of near misses and from one bomb that struck her bridge.

[39]

The intervention of a squadron of Kawanishi

N1K1 "Shiden" fighters (named "George" by the Allies) flown by

Yamato under attack off Kure on 19 March 1945.

veteran Japanese fighter instructors prevented the raid from doing too much damage to the base and assembled ships,

[46][47]

while Yamato's

—albeit slowly —in the Nasami Channel benefited ability to maneuver —

[39]

her.

As the final step before their planned invasion of the Japanese mainland, Allied forces invaded Okinawa on 1 April.

[48]

The Imperial

Japanese Navy's response was to organise a mission codenamed Operation Ten-Go that would see the commitment of much of Japan's remaining surface strength. Yamato and nine escorts (the cruiser Yahagi and eight destroyers) would sail to Okinawa and, in concert

Yamato's senior officers just before Ten-Go

with kamikaze and Okinawa based army units, attack the Allied forces assembled on and around Okinawa. Yamato would then be beached to act as an unsinkable gun emplacement and continue to fight until destroyed. ammunition on 29 March.

[26]

[49][50]

In preparation for the mission, Yamato had taken on a full stock of

According to the Japanese plan, the ships were supposed to take aboard only enough

fuel for a one way voyage to Okinawa, but additional fuel amounting to 60 percent of capacity was issued on the authority of local base commanders. Designated the "Surface Special Attack Force", the ships left Tokuyama at 15:20 on 6 April.

[49][50]

Unfortunately for the Japanese, the Allies had intercepted and decoded their radio transmissions, learning the particulars of Operation Ten-Go. Further confirmation of Japanese intentions came around 20:00 when the Surface Special Attack Force, navigating the Bungo Strait, was spotted by the American submarines Threadfin and Hackleback . Both reported Yamato's position to the main American carrier strike force,

[5][50]

but neither could attack

because of the speed of the Japanese ships —22 knots (unknown (unknown operator: u'strong' mph; unknown operator: —and their extreme zigzagging. u'strong' km/h) —

[50]

The Allied forces around Okinawa began to brace for an assault. Admiral Raymond Spruance ordered six battleships already engaged in shore bombardment in the sector to prepare for surface action against Yamato. These orders were countermanded in favor of strikes from Admiral Marc Mitscher's aircraft carriers, but as a contingency the battleships together with seven cruisers and twenty one destroyers were sent to interdict the Japanese force before it could reach the vulnerable transports and landing craft.

[50][51]


8

Yamato's crew were at general quarters and ready for anti-aircraft

action by dawn on 7 April. The first Allied aircraft made contact with the Surface Special Attack Force at 08:23; two flying boats arrived soon thereafter, and for the next five hours, Yamato fired Common Type 3 or Beehive (3 Shiki tsûjôdan) shells at the Allied seaplanes, but could not prevent them from shadowing the force. Yamato obtained her first radar contact with aircraft at 10:00; an hour later American F6F Hellcat fighters appeared overhead to deal with any Japanese aircraft that might appear. None did. Yamato steering to avoid bombs and aerial torpedoes during Operation Ten-Go

[52][53]

At about 12:30, 280 bomber and torpedo bomber aircraft arrived over the Japanese force. Asashimo, which had earlier fallen out of formation due to engine trouble, was caught and sunk by a detachment of aircraft

from the USS San Jacinto. The Surface Special Attack Force increased speed to 24 knots ( unknown operator: u'strong' mph; unknown operator: u'strong' km/h), and following standard Japanese anti-aircraft defensive measures, the destroyers began circling Yamato. The first aircraft swooped in to attack at 12:37. Yahagi turned and unknown operator: u'strong' mph; unknown operator: u'strong' km/h) in an attempt to raced away at 35 knots ((unknown draw off some of the attackers; although the manoeuvre was successful, the numbers it drew away were insignificant. Yamato avoided being hit for four minutes until, at 12:41, two bombs obliterated two of her triple 25 mm anti-aircraft mounts and blew a hole in the deck. A third bomb then destroyed her radar room and the starboard aft 127 mm mount. At 12:46 another two bombs struck the battleship's port side, one slightly ahead of the aft 155 mm centreline turret and the other right on top of the gun. These caused a great amount of damage to the turret and its magazines; only one man climbed out alive.

[52][54]

At 12:45 a single torpedo struck Yamato far forward

on her port side, sending extreme shocks throughout the ship. Because many of the hit's survivors were later killed by strafing or were trapped when Yamato sank, the details are uncertain, but authors Garzke and Dulin record that little damage was caused.

[52]

Shortly afterward up to three more torpedoes struck Yamato. Two impacts —on the port

side near the engine room and on one of the boiler rooms —are confirmed; the third is disputed but is regarded by Garzke and Dulin as probable because it would explain the reported flooding in Yamato's auxiliary steering room. The attack ended around 12:47, leaving the battleship to list 5 – 6° 6° to port; counterflooding —deliberately flooding compartments on the other side of the ship —reduced the list to 1°. One boiler room had been disabled, slightly reducing Yamato's top speed, and strafing had incapacitated many of the gun crews who manned Yamato's unprotected 25 mm anti-aircraft weapons, sharply curtailing their effectiveness.

[52]

The second attack started just before 13:00. In a coordinated strike, dive bombers flew high overhead to begin their runs while torpedo laden aircraft approached from all directions at just above sea level. Overwhelmed by the number of targets, the battleship's anti-aircraft guns were less than effective, and the Japanese tried desperate measures to break up the attack. Yamato's main guns were loaded with Beehive shells fused to explode one second after firing —a mere

1000 m (unknown (unknown operator: u'strong' ft) from the ship —but this had little effect. Four or five torpedoes struck the battleship, three or four to port and one to starboard. Three hits, close together on the port side,

Yamato photographed during the battle by an

are confirmed: one struck a fireroom that had been hit earlier, one

aircraft from USS Yorktown (CV-10). The

impacted a different fireroom, and the third hit the hull adjacent to a

battleship is on fire and visibly listing to port.

previously damaged outboard engine room, increasing the water that


9

had already been flowing into that space and possibly causing flooding in nearby locations. The fourth hit (though unconfirmed) may have struck aft of the third; Garzke and Dulin believe this would explain the rapid flooding that reportedly occurred in that location.

[55]

This attack left Yamato in a perilous position, listing 15 – 18° 18° to port.

Counterflooding all of the remaining starboard void spaces lessened this to 10°, but further correction would have required either repairs or flooding the starboard engine and fire rooms. Although the battleship was in no danger of sinking at this point, the list meant that the main battery was unable to fire and her maximum speed was limited to 18 [56]

knots (unknown (unknown operator: u'strong' km/h; unknown operator: u'strong' mph).

The third and most most damaging attack att ack developed developed at about 13:40. At least four bombs hit the ship's superstructure and caused heavy casualties c asualties among her 25 mm anti-aircraft gun crews. Many near misses drove in her outer plating, partially compromising her defense against torpedoes. Most serious were four more torpedo impacts. Three exploded on the port side, increasing water intake into the port inner engine room and flooding yet another fireroom and the steering gear room. With the auxiliary steering room already underwater, the ship lost all maneuverability and became stuck in a starboard turn. The fourth torpedo most likely hit the starboard outer engine room which, along with three other rooms on the starboard side, was in the process of being counterflooded to reduce the port list. The torpedo strike increased the rate of water intake by a large margin, trapping many crewmen before they could [57]

escape.

At 14:02 the order was belatedly given to abandon ship. By this time Yamato's speed had dropped to 10 knots ((unknown unknown operator: u'strong' km/h; unknown operator: u'strong' mph) and her list was steadily increasing. Fires were raging out of control in some sections of the ship and alarms had begun to sound on the bridge warning of critical temperatures in the forward main battery [58]

magazines.

Normal practice would have been to flood the magazines,

preventing any explosion, but the pumping stations that should have performed this task had been rendered unusable by previous flooding.

[59]

At 14:05 Yahagi sank, the victim of twelve bombs and seven torpedoes. At the same time a final flight of torpedo bombers attacked Yamato from her starboard The explosion of Yamato of Yamato's 's magazines

side. Her list was now such that the torpedoes —set to a depth of 6.1 m (unknown operator: u'strong' ft) — —impacted on the bottom of her hull. The battleship continued her inexorable roll to port.

[26]

By 14:20 the power went out

and her remaining 25 mm anti-aircraft guns began to drop into the sea. Three minutes later Yamato capsized. Her main 46 cm turrets fell off, and as she rolled it created a suction that drew swimming crewmen back towards the ship. When the roll reached approximately 120° one of the two bow magazines detonated in a tremendous [59]

explosion.

The resulting mushroom cloud —over 6 kilometres (unknown ( unknown operator: u'strong' mi) high, was seen

160 kilometres (unknown (unknown operator: u'strong' mi) away on Kyūshū.

[60]

Yamato sank rapidly, losing an estimated

2,055 of her 2,332 crew, including Vice-Admiral Seiichi Itō, the fleet commander. recovered by the four surviving destroyers, which withdrew to Japan.

[26][61]

The few survivors were

[26]

From the first attack at 12:37 to the explosion at 14:23, Yamato was hit by at least eleven torpedoes and six bombs. Two more torpedo and bomb hits are possible, but unconfirmed.

[59][62]

Wreck discovery Because of the often confused circumstances and incomplete information regarding their sinkings, few wrecks of []

Japanese capital ships have been discovered and identified. Drawing on US wartime records, an expedition to the South China Sea in 1982 produced some results, but the wreckage discovered could not be clearly identified.

[63]

A

second expedition returned to the site two years later, and the team's photographic and video records were later confirmed by one of the battleship's designers, Shigeru Makino to show the Yamato's last resting place. The wreck


10

lies 290 kilometres (unknown ( unknown operator: u'strong' mi) southeast of Kyushu under 340 metres (unknown ( unknown operator: u'strong' ft) of water in two main pieces; a bow section comprising the front two thirds of the ship, and a separate stern section.

[63]

Cultural significance From the time of their construction Yamato and her sister Musashi carried significant weight in Japanese culture. The battleships represented the epitome of Imperial Japanese naval engineering, and because of their size, speed, and power, visibly embodied Japan's determination and readiness to defend its interests against the Western Powers and the United States in particular. Shigeru Fukudome, chief of the Operations Section of the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff, described the ships as "symbols of naval power that provided to officers and men alike a profound sense of confidence in their navy."

[64]

Yamato's symbolic might was such that some Japanese

citizens held the belief that their country could never fall as long as the ship was able to fight.

The very large model at the Yamato Museum, with museum visitors (2009)

[65]

Decades after the war, Yamato was memorialised in various forms by the Japanese. Historically, the word "Yamato" was used as a poetic name for Japan; thus, her name became a metaphor for the end of o f the Japanese empire.

[66][67]

In

April 1968, a memorial tower was erected on Cape Inutabu in Japan's Kagoshima Prefecture to commemorate the lives lost in Operation Ten-Go.

[68]

In October 1974, Leiji Matsumoto created a new television series, Space

Battleship Yamato, about rebuilding the battleship as a starship and its interstellar quest to save Earth. The series was

a huge success, spawning five feature films and two more TV series; as post war Japanese tried to redefine the purpose of their lives, Yamato became a symbol of heroism and of their desire to regain a sense of masculinity after their country's defeat in the war.

[69][70]

Brought to the United States as Star Blazers , the animated series proved

popular and established a foundation for anime in the North American entertainment market.

[71]

The motif in Space

Battleship Yamato was repeated in Silent Service , a popular manga and anime that explores issues of nuclear

weapons and the Japan-US relationship. The crew of the main plot device, a nuclear powered super submarine, mutinied and renamed their vessel Yamato, in allusion to the World War II battleship and the ideals she [72]

symbolises.

In 2005, the Yamato Museum was opened near the site of the former Kure shipyards. Although intended to educate on the maritime history of post Meiji era Japan,

[73]

the museum gives special attention to its namesake; the battleship

is a common theme among several of its exhibits, which includes a section dedicated to Matsumoto's animated [74]

series.

The centrepiece of the museum, occupying a large section of the first floor, is a 26.3 metre long model of [75]

Yamato (1:10 scale).

Later that year, Toei released a 143 minute movie, Yamato, based on a book by Jun Henmi, to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the end of World War II; Tamiya released special editions of scale models of the battleship in conjunction with the film's release.

[76]

Based on a book of the same name, the film is a tale about the sailors aboard

the doomed battleship and the concepts of honour and duty. The film was shown on more than 290 screens across the country and was a commercial success, taking in a record 5.11 billion yen at the domestic box office.

[77][78]


Notes [1] Skulsk Skulskii (2004) (2004),, p. 8. 8. [2] Jentshura, Jentshura, Jung Jung and Mickel Mickel (1977), (1977), p. 38. 38. [3] Jentshura, Jentshura, Jung Jung and Mickel Mickel (1977), (1977), p. 39. 39. [4] Jackson Jackson (2000), p. 74; Jentshura, Jentshura, Jung Jung and Mickel (1977), (1977), p. 38. [5] Jackso Jackson n (2000), (2000), p. 128. 128. [6] Johnst Johnston on and McAul McAuley, ey, p. 123 123 [7] Parshall, Parshall, Jon; Bob Hackett, Hackett, Sander Kingsepp, Kingsepp, & Allyn Nevitt. Nevitt. "Combined "Combined Fleet – Yamato Class Battleship" (http:/ / combinedfleet.com/ combinedfleet.com/ ships/ yamato). yamato). . Retrieved 25 October 2008. [8] Willmot Willmottt (2000), (2000), p. 32. [9] Garzke and Dulin Dulin (1985), (1985), p. 44. [10] Garzke Garzke and and Dulin, Dulin, pp. pp. 45 – 51 51 [11] [11] Hough Hough,, p. 205 205 [12] Skulsk Skulskii (2004) (2004),, pp. 8 – – 11. 11. [13] Johnston Johnston and McAuley McAuley (2000), (2000), p. 122. 122. [14] Willmott (2000), p. 35. The Japanese Empire produced 3.5% of the world's industrial output, while the United States produced 35%. [15] Garzke and Dulin Dulin (1985), (1985), pp. 52 – – 54. 54. [16] Garzke and Dulin Dulin (1985), (1985), p. 53. [17] Garzke and Dulin Dulin (1985), (1985), pp. 50 – – 51. 51. [18] Garzke and Dulin Dulin (1985), (1985), p. 54. [19] Garzke and Dulin Dulin (1985), (1985), p. 55. [20] [20] Jackso Jackson n (2000), (2000), p. p. 75. [21] Johnston and McAuley (2000), p. 123. Because of the size of the guns and thickness of armor, each of the three main turrets weighed weighed more than a good sized destroyer. [22] Johnston Johnston and McAuley McAuley (2000), (2000), p. 180. 180. [23] Garzke/Dulin and Whitley's books do not give specific dates, and disagree on the month; the former gives October, and the latter gives November.Whitley (1998), p. 211. [24] [24] Skulsk Skulskii (2004) (2004),, p. 10. 10. [25] [25] Ballar Ballard d (1999), (1999), p. 36. [26] "Combin "Combined ed Fleet Fleet – tabular history of Yamato of Yamato"" (http:/ / combinedfleet.com/ combinedfleet. com/ yamato.htm). yamato.htm). Parshall, Jon; Bob Hackett, Sander Kingsepp, & Allyn Nevitt. 2009. . Retrieved 1 April 2010. [27] Whitle Whitley y says says that that Yamato left six days earlier (the 11th). [28] Garzke and Dulin Dulin report that Yamato entered Truk on the 29th. [29] [29] Whitle Whitley y (1998), (1998), p. 212. 212. [30] [30] Steinbe Steinberg rg (1978), (1978), p. p. 147. [31] [31] Whitle Whitley y (1998), (1998), p. 213. 213. [32] Garzke and Dulin Dulin (1985), (1985), p. 56. [33] [33] Reynold Reynoldss (1982), (1982), p. 139. 139. [34] [34] Reynold Reynoldss (1982), (1982), p. 152. 152. [35] Garzke and Dulin Dulin (1985), (1985), p. 57. [36] Garzke and Dulin Dulin (1985), (1985), p. 58. [37] [37] Skulsk Skulskii (2004) (2004),, p. 11. 11. [38] [38] Reynold Reynoldss (1982), (1982), p. 156. 156. [39] Garzke and Dulin Dulin (1985), (1985), p. 59. [40] "Yamato (Battleship, 1941 – 1945) 1945) — in the Battle of Leyte Gulf, 22 – 26 26 October 1944" (http:/ / www.history. www. history.navy. navy.mil/ mil/ photos/ photos/ sh-fornv/ sh-fornv/ japan/ japsh-xz/ yamato-k.htm). yamato-k.htm). Japanese Japanese Navy Ships Ships. Naval Historical Center, Department of the Navy. 13 May 2000. . Retrieved 7 March 2009. [41] [41] Steinbe Steinberg rg (1980), (1980), p. p. 60 [42] [42] Steinbe Steinberg rg (1980), (1980), p. p. 63. [43] [43] Wheele Wheelerr (1980), (1980), p. 183. 183. [44] [44] Jackso Jackson n (2000), (2000), p. 129. 129. [45] [45] Reynold Reynoldss (1982), (1982), p. 160. 160. [46] [46] Reynold Reynoldss (1968), (1968), p. 338. 338. [47] Led by the man who planned the attack on Pearl Harbor, Minoru Genda, Genda, the appearance of these fighters, which were equal or superior in performance to the F6F Hellcat, surprised the attackers and several American planes were shot down. [48] [48] Feifer Feifer (2001 (2001), ), p. 7. [49] [49] Reynold Reynoldss (1982), (1982), p. 166. 166. [50] Garzke and Dulin Dulin (1985), (1985), p. 60.

11


[51] Authors Garzke and Dulin speculate that the likely outcome of a battle between the two forces would have been a victory for the Allies, but at a serious cost due to the large margin of superiority Yamato held over the old battleships in firepower (460 mm vs. 356 mm), armour and speed (27 knots (unknown (unknown operator: u'strong' km/h; unknown operator: u'strong' mph) vs. 21 knots (unknown (unknown operator: u'strong' km/h; unknown operator: u'strong' mph)). [52] Garzke and Dulin Dulin (1985), (1985), pp. 60 – – 61. 61. [53] The poor quality of the the Japanese naval radar during World War II meant that only large groups of planes could be detected. Smaller detachments were usually picked up via line of sight [54] This account account is is based on Garzke Garzke and Dulin's Dulin's Battleships: Battleships: Axis and and Neutral Battleships Battleships in World War War II . Other works generally agree, although the exact timings of events can vary between sources. [55] Garzke and Dulin Dulin (1985), (1985), pp. 62 – – 63. 63. [56] Garzke and Dulin Dulin (1985), (1985), p. 63. [57] Garzke and Dulin Dulin (1985), (1985), pp. 64 65. 65. – – [58] Garzke and Dulin Dulin state in their 1985 account that that the alarms were for the aft magazines. magazines.Yamato Yamato's 's wreck was discovered that same year and more detailed surveys were completed in 1999; these conclude that it was the fore magazines that exploded. Corroborating evidence comes from Yamato's Yamato's Executive Officer, Nomura Jiro, who testified that he saw warning lights for the forward magazines.Tully, Anthony (4 September 2009). "Located/Surveyed Shipwrecks of the Imperial Japanese Navy" (http:/ / www.combinedfleet. www. combinedfleet.com/ com/ atully08.htm). atully08.htm). Mysteries/Untold Sagas Sagas of the Imperial Imperial Japanese Navy. Navy. . Retrieved 23 January 2010. [59] Garzke and Dulin Dulin (1985), (1985), p. 65. [60] [60] Reynold Reynoldss (1982), (1982), p. 169. 169. [61] Garzke and Dulin Dulin give a slightly different different number of 2,063 out of 2,332 lost. An exact number is unknown. unknown. [62] [62] Whitle Whitley y (1998), (1998), p. 216. 216. [63] "Remains "Remains of sunken sunken Japanese Japanese battles battleship hip Yamato discovered" (http:/ / news.google. news. google.com/ com/ newspapers?id=FP0tAAAAIBAJ& newspapers?id=FP0tAAAAIBAJ& sjid=f6cFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6363,2384338). sjid=f6cFAAAAIBAJ& pg=6363,2384338). Reading Reading Eagle. Eagle. Associated Press. 4 August 1985. . Retrieved 31 March 2010. [64] Evans and Peattie Peattie (1997), pp. 298, 378. [65] "A bomb survivors survivors leery of battleship battleship hype". hype". Yomiuri Shimbun. Shimbun. 6 August 2006. [66] Yoshida Yoshida and Minear (1985), (1985), p. xvii; Evans Evans and Peattie Peattie (1997), p. 378. [67] [67] Skulsk Skulskii (2004) (2004),, p. 7. [68] Bill Gordon (27 March March 2010). "Battleship "Battleship Yamato Yamato Memorial Tower" Tower" (http:/ / wgordon.web. wgordon. web.wesleyan. wesleyan.edu/ edu/ kamikaze/ kamikaze/ monuments/ monuments/ yamato/ yamato/ index.htm). index. htm). . Retrieved 6 April 2010. [69] Mizuno Mizuno (2007), (2007), pp. pp. 106, 110 110 – 111, 111, 121 – 122. 122. [70] [70] Levi Levi (1998 (1998), ), p. p. 72. 72. [71] [71] Wright Wright (2009 (2009), ), p. 99. [72] Mizuno Mizuno (2007) (2007),, pp. 114 114 – – 115. 115. [73] "Outli "Outline" ne" (http:/ (http:/ / www.yamato-museum. www.yamato-museum.com/ com/ en/ en/ concept/ concept/ policy.html). policy.html). Hiroshima, Japan: Yamato Museum. 2008. . Retrieved 29 March 2010. [74] "Yamato "Yamato Museum Museum Leaflet" Leaflet" (http:/ / yamato.kure-city. yamato. kure-city. jp/ jp/ english/ english/ eng.indd. eng. indd.pdf) pdf) (PDF). Hiroshima, Japan: Yamato Museum. 2005. . Retrieved 2 April 2010. [75] [75] "Yam "Yamat ato o —Kure Maritime Museum Leaflet" (http:/ / www.yamato-museum. www.yamato-museum.com/ com/ concept/ concept/ pdf/ pdf/ ref09_3_eng.pdf) ref09_3_eng.pdf) (PDF). Hiroshima, Japan: Yamato Museum. 2008. . Retrieved 2 April 2010.

艦大大和和・・映映画画「「男男たたちちのの大大和和／／ YAMATO」特特別別仕仕様様 [Battleship Yamato —Special Edition for Yamato the [76] "戦艦 Movie]" (http:/ / www.tamiya. www.tamiya.com/ com/ japan/ products/ products/ 8966x_yamato/ 8966x_yamato/ index.htm) index.htm) (in Japanese). Tamiya Corporation. 14 December 2005. . Retrieved 28 March 2010.

が爆爆発発的的ヒヒッットト、、「「男男たたちちのの大大和和」」「「相相棒棒」」をを超超ええたた背背景景ととはは … [One Piece is a [77] "「 One piece」が Runaway Hit, Could It Surpass Yamato and Aibou and Aibou...]" ...]" (http:/ / www.hollywood-ch. www.hollywood-ch.com/ com/ news/ news/ 09121302.html) 09121302. html) (in Japanese). Hollywood Japanese). Hollywood Channel (Japan: Broadmedia). 13 December 2009. . Retrieved 27 March 2010. [78] "「「相相棒棒」」 50億億円円超超ええちちゃゃうう大大ヒヒッットトのの予予感感？？水水谷谷とと寺寺脇脇がが初初日日ににノノリリノノリリでで登登場場！！ [Seems Aibou [Seems Aibou Will be a 5 Billion Yen Big Hit? Mizutani and Terawaki Makes an Entrance on Opening Day in High Spirits!]" (http:/ / www. www. cinematoday. jp/ jp/ page/ page/ N0013689) N0013689) (in Japanese). CinemaToday (Japan: Welva). 1 May 2008. . Retrieved 27 March 2010.

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–1941 941. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-192-7. OCLC 36621876. Navy, 1887 – 1 • Feifer, Feifer, George George (2001). (2001). "Operation "Operation Heaven Heaven Number Number One". One". The Battle of Okinawa: The Blood and the Bomb . The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-215-5. • Garzke Garzke,, William William H.; H.; Dulin, Dulin, Robe Robert rt O. (1985 (1985). ). Battleships: Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II . Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-101-3. OCLC 12613723. • Jack Jackso son, n, Rob Rober ertt (200 (2000) 0).. The World's Great Battleships. Brown Books. ISBN 1-897884-60-5 • Jentschura Jentschura,, Hansgeorg Hansgeorg;; Jung, Jung, Dieter; Dieter; Mickel, Mickel, Peter Peter (1977). (1977). Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869 – 1945 1945. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute. ISBN 0-87021-893-X. • Johnst Johnston, on, Ian Ian & McAu McAuley ley,, Rob (2000) (2000).. The Battleships. MBI Publishing Company. ISBN 0-7603-1018-1 • Levi, Antonio Antonio (1998). (1998). "The "The New Americ American an hero: hero: Made in Japan" Japan" (http:/ (http:/ / books.google. books.google.com/ com/ books?id=q-R_Zk5hFgkC&pg=PA68). books?id=q-R_Zk5hFgkC& pg=PA68). In Kittelson, Mary Lynn. The Soul of Popular Culture: Looking at / books.google. books.google.com/ com/ books?id=q-R_Zk5hFgkC). books?id=q-R_Zk5hFgkC). Illinois, Contemporary Heroes, Myths, and Monsters (http:/ United States: Open Court Publishing Company. ISBN 0-8126-9363-9. Retrieved 29 March 2010. • Mizuno, Mizuno, Hiromi (2007). (2007). Lunning, Lunning, Frenchy. Frenchy. ed. "When Pacifist Pacifist Japan Japan Fights: Fights: Historicizin Historicizing g Desires Desires in Anime" (http:/ / books.google. books.google.com/ com/ books?id=tSFnDppi-oMC&pg=PA104). books?id=tSFnDppi-oMC&pg=PA104). Mechademia (Minnesota, United States: University of Minnesota Press) 2 (Networks of Desire). doi:10.1353/mec.0.0007. ISBN 978-0-8166-5266-2. ISSN 1934-2489. Retrieved 29 March 2010. • Reyn Reynol olds ds,, Clar Clark k G. (19 (1968 68). ). The Fast Carriers; The Forging of an Air Navy . New York, Toronto, London, Sydney: McGraw-Hill Book Company. • Reyn Reynol olds ds,, Clar Clark k G (198 (1982) 2).. The Carrier War . Time-Life Books. ISBN 0-8094-3304-4 • Skulsk Skulski, i, Janusz Janusz (2004) (2004) [1988] [1988].. The Battleship Yamato: Anatomy of a Ship Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-0-85177-940-9 • Spurr Spurr,, Rus Russe sell ll (198 (1981) 1).. A Glorious Way to Die: The Kamikaze Mission Mission of the Battleship Yamato, April 1945. Newmarket Press. ISBN 0-937858-00-5. • Stein Steinbe berg rg,, Rafa Rafael el (197 (1978) 8).. Island Fighting. Time-Life Books Inc. ISBN 0-8094-2488-6 • Stein Steinbe berg rg,, Rafa Rafael el (19 (1980 80)) Return to the Philippines. Time-Life Books Inc. ISBN 0-8094-2516-5 • Whee Wheele ler, r, Keit Keith h (19 (1980 80). ). War Under the Pacific . Time-Life Books. ISBN 0-8094-3376-1 • Whit Whitle ley, y, M. J. (199 (1998) 8).. Battleships of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia Encyclopedia. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-184-X • Will Willmo mott tt,, H.P H.P.. (20 (2000 00). ). The Second World War in the Far East . Wellington House. ISBN 2-00-404919-9. • Wright, Wright, Peter Peter (2009). (2009). "Film "Film and Television, Television, 1960 – 1980" 1980" (http:/ / books.google.com/ books.google. com/ books?id=n-20LVwKfTMC). In Bould, Mark; Butler, Andrew; Roberts, Adam et al.. The Routledge Companion / books.google. books.google.com/ com/ books?id=n-20LVwKfTMC). books?id=n-20LVwKfTMC). Oxon, United Kingdom: Routledge. to Science Fiction (http:/ ISBN 0-415-45378-X. Retrieved 29 March 2010. • Yoshida, Yoshida, Mitsuru Mitsuru;; Minear, Minear, Richard Richard H. (1999) [1985]. [1985]. Requiem for Battleship Yamato. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-544-6. OCLC 40542935.

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External links • Yama Yamato to Muse Museum um (http (http:/ :/ / www.yamato-museum. www.yamato-museum.com/ com/ en/ en/ ) • Joseph Joseph Czarnecki, Czarnecki, "What "What did the the USN know know about about Yamato Yamato and when?" when?" (http:/ (http:/ / www.navweaps. www.navweaps.com/ com/ index_tech/ tech-084.htm) tech-084.htm) • US Navy Navy histo history ry page page on the the Yamat Yamato o (http: (http:/ / / www.history.navy. www.history.navy.mil/ mil/ photos/ photos/ sh-fornv/ sh-fornv/ japan/ japsh-xz/ yamato. yamato. htm) • The The Bat Battl tlee Off Off Sama Samarr – Taffy III at Leyte Gulf website (http:/ / www.bosamar.com/ www.bosamar.com/ ) by Robert Jon Cox

14

Article Sources and Contributors

Article Sources and Contributors Japanese battleship Yamato Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/inde http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=506420 x.php?oldid=506420254 254 Contributors: -js-, 0607crp, 2T, 4wajzkd02, A. B., A. Exeunt, A.R., A2Kafir, Abalcar, Abhishek191288, Aeonimitz, Agentbla, Agentbla, Al Simmons, Alai, AlexiusHoratius, Alexpl, Alonso de Mendoza, Andre Engels, Andycjp, Anthony Appleyard, Ariah, Arima, Art LaPella, Attilios, Aurora sword, AussieLegend, Avenged Evanfold, Avihu, Bachcell, Barnej, Bdesham, Beetstra, Bellhalla, Bendono, Benea, Bertus, Bilsonius, Binksternet, BismarckTitanic, BismarckTitanic, Blackpccase, Blackworm, BlaiseFEgan, Bobblewik, Bonewah, Bosamar, Brad101, Brandmeister, Brian Kendig, Bruce1ee, Bryan Derksen, Bucketfoot-al, Bukubku, Busaccsb, Captain Impulse, Carnildo, Catsmeat, Cdc, Chiba007, Chris the speller, Cla68, Clarityfiend, Clawed, Climie.ca, Clindberg, Closedmouth, Cnilep, Colonel Cow, Confuzion, Cuchullain, Danceswithzerglings, Dank, Darthbob100, Dave-ros, Davensuze, David Newton, Dawnseeker2000, Dawnseeker2000, Dbenbenn, DebtMan, Decafpenguin, Delta 51, Denniss, Deschreiber, Dick Kimball, DocWatson42, Donfbreed, Durin, Dweller, ERcheck, Eaglestorm, Elassint, Emperorbma, EoGuy, Erzengel, Espen, EurekaLott, EwokWarrior, EyeSerene, Falcorian, Fernvale, Flewellyn, Fosnez, Fred8615, Fredrik, Friedfish, Fuzzy901, GabrielF, Gaius Cornelius, Ganesha, Gavia immer, Gdr, Gene Nygaard, Gilliam, Glanthor Reviol, Gobeirne, Gogo Dodo, Golbez, GoldDragon, GraemeLeggett, Greenshed, Grm wnr, Gssq, Guanaco, Gulfstorm75, Gunbirddriver, H27kim, HarveyHenkelmann, Haus, Hdw, Hellcat fighter, Herr Gruber, Hohum, Hokeman, Hornfischer, Hydraton31, Iamiowa, Ian Rose, IanManka, Ida Shaw, Ingolfson, InnocuousPseudonym, Ionides2, J.delanoy, Jameslwoodward, Jameslwoodward, Jappalang, Jeff G., JetLover, Jim1138, Jll, Joconnor, Joealtus, John, John Prattley, JonRichfield, Joseph Solis in Australia, Kaihsu, Kaitoh93, Kaiwhakahaere, Kate, Khutuck, Kowloonese, Kresadlo, Kusunose, La Pianista, Lacrimosus, Leandrod, Leif, Leonard G., Leslie Mateus, Lightmouse, Ling.Nut, Loopear, Loosmark, Lrenh, Lupinoid, Lyellin, MBK004, MChew, MadMax, Marauder09, Marcus Qwertyus, Mark Kim, MastCell, Mav, Megapixie, Mgiganteus1, Mgiganteus1, Midori, Miserlou, Miwasatoshi, Mmuroya, MoRsE, Mohummy, Moroboshi, Mostergr, Movyn, Mr Grim Reaper, N Watson, N328KF, Naaman Brown, Nanshu, NativeForeigner, Nautical, Neier, NewEnglandYankee, NewEnglandYankee, Nick Number, Nick-D, NickBush24, Nigel Ish, Nobunaga24, Nova77, Oberiko, OldakQuill, Ontopofthewall, PRRfan, PaladinWhite, PaladinWhite, Palm dogg, Palnatoke, Parsecboy, Parsecboy, Pat Berry, Patiwat, Pavel Vozenilek, Per Honor et Gloria, Pibwl, Piet Delport, Piledhigheranddeeper, Pilot850, Pinball22, Pinball22, PoccilScript, Pol098, Poli, Portuguese Man o' War, Profoss, R-41, Rama, Ranger Steve, Raul654, Rave, Revth, Rich Farmbrough, Richard Keatinge, RjCan, Rje, Rjwilmsi, RobertG, Rsquire3, Ryan Roos, SDCHS, SSDPenguin, SYSS Mouse, Saaska, Sakhal, Sakkura, Scott Mingus, Scubakid87, Secondworldwar, Seeker alpha806, Seibun, Shibumi2, Signaleer, Snestank, SpookyMulder, Spot87, Spventi, Srajan01, Staygyro, Stephen Hui, Sturmvogel 66, Suguru@Musashi, Sus scrofa, TBDuval, Tabunoki, TalShiar, Tangotango, TarenCapel, Tec15, Tectar, TerraFrost, The ed17, Theanthrope, Thingg, Thomas Yeardly, Tiller54, TitaniumCarbide, TitaniumCarbide, TomTheHand, Tommy2010, Tony1, Toytoy, Trainik, Trekphiler, Tripbeetle, Truthanado, Tsteil, Ucucha, Unregistered.coward, V8Cougar, Vamsae, Varlaam, Vaughnstull, Velella, Vgy7ujm, Vina, Welsh, WereSpielChequers, Wikieditoroftoday, Wikieditoroftoday, Wikiuser100, Wildsurmise, Wolcott, Woohookitty, Wwoods, Xdamr, Xyl 54, Yaki-gaijin, Yosy, Youandme, ZelconWillowmen, ZelconWillowmen, Zerobandwidth, ²¹², АлександрВв, Подпоручикъ, 459 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors File:Yamato Trial 1941.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fil php?title=File:Yamato_Trial e:Yamato_Trial_1941.jpg _1941.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Felix Stember, Igiveup, Jappalang, Makthorpe, Megapixie File:Naval Ensign of Japan.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/inde http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F x.php?title=File:Naval_Ensi ile:Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg gn_of_Japan.svg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: David Newton, uploader was Denelson83 File:Yamato battleship under construction.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fi .php?title=File:Yamato_ba le:Yamato_battleship_under_c ttleship_under_construction.jpg onstruction.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Kure Naval Base File:Yamato during Trial Service.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/inde http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F x.php?title=File:Yamato_duri ile:Yamato_during_Trial_Service ng_Trial_Service.jpg .jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Yamatotrials.jpg: Yamatotrials.jpg: Unknown derivative work: 0607crp (talk) File:YamatoClassBattleships.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/inde 神田武武夫夫 http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F x.php?title=File:YamatoCl ile:YamatoClassBattleshi assBattleships.jpg ps.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: 神田 File:Yamato1945.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fil php?title=File:Yamato1945. e:Yamato1945.png png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Alexpl File:Yamato hit by bomb.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/inde http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F x.php?title=File:Yamato_hi ile:Yamato_hit_by_bomb.jpg t_by_bomb.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Denniss, Igiveup, Ingolfson, Makthorpe, Rcbutcher, Schekinov Alexey Victorovich, Schimmelreiter File:Yamato under air attack.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fil php?title=File:Yamato_unde e:Yamato_under_air_attack.j r_air_attack.jpg pg License: Public Domain Contributors: Unknown US Navy personnel File:YamatoTenGoOfficers.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/inde http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F x.php?title=File:YamatoTe ile:YamatoTenGoOfficers.jpg nGoOfficers.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: BrokenSphere, Cla68, PMG, Raul654, Sceadugenga File:Yamato maneuvering.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/inde http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F x.php?title=File:Yamato_ma ile:Yamato_maneuvering.jpg neuvering.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Igiveup, PMG, Sceadugenga File:Yamato damaged 7 apr 1945.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fil php?title=File:Yamato_dam e:Yamato_damaged_7_apr_1945. aged_7_apr_1945.jpg jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: BrokenSphere, Denniss, Ingolfson, Makthorpe, Rama, Yann78 File:Yamato explosion.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/inde http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F x.php?title=File:Yamato_e ile:Yamato_explosion.jpg xplosion.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: BrokenSphere, Igiveup, Makthorpe, Man vyi File:YAMATO Moder.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/inde http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F x.php?title=File:YAMATO_Moder. ile:YAMATO_Moder.JPG JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Contributors: Carpkazu

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Japanese Battleship Yamato

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