ITIL 2011 Foundation Handbook

HZHK® 0<66 Obugjfthbg \AB\KAIAPZ Fiirajhtaj Zrfhghgn Brnfghzfthbg (FZB),®\CH Nkb`fkPanhstaraj Ajuifthbg \rbvhjar (PA\), fgj Chirbsbot Kafrghgn \frtgar

®

Panhstaraj Ajuifthbg \rbvhjar

\rbdait Cfgfnacagt Hgsthtuta

Egbwkajna^bbjs HZHK® 0<66 Obugjftbg Mfgj@bbe \u`khsmaj `y

Egbwkajna^bbjs Ibgsukgn \vt. Ktj. Gaw Jakmh, HGJHF

\u`khsmaj _arshbg- 6.<4 Bitbàr 0<6:

Ibpyrhnmt © 0<6: `y Egbwkajna^bbjs Ibgsukgn, Gaw Jakmh - HGJHF.

Gb pfrt bo tmhs pu`khifbg cfy à raprbjuiaj, stbraj hg f ratrhavfk systac br trfgschaj hg fgy obrc br `y fgy cafgs, akaitrbghi, caimfghifk, pmbtbibpyhgn, raibrjhgn, sifghgn br btmarwhsa, whtmbut ahtmar tma prhbr wrhag parchsshbg bo tma \u`khsmar, br prbpar futmbrhzfbg.

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A K Q HGZPBJQIZHBG J Zf`ka bo Ibgtagts B C

Cbjuka

6.

Zhtka

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Hgtrbjuibg............................................................................ 9 - :9 6. Fssasscagt ....................................................................... :1 - :>

0.

Yarvhia Khoa Iyika..................................................................... :8 - =: 0. Fssasscagt ....................................................................... =1 - =>

9.

Yarvhia Ytrftany....................................................................... =8 - 608 9. Fssasscagt ....................................................................... 696 - 699

:.

Yarvhia Jashng......................................................................... 691 - 09< :. Fssasscagt ....................................................................... 096 - 091

1.

Yarvhia Zrfgshbg.................................................................... 09> - 966

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Yarvhia Bparfbg.................................................................... 968 - :69

1. Fssasscagt ....................................................................... 969 - 96>

?. Fssasscagt ....................................................................... :61 - :68

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Ibggufk Yarvhia Hcprbvacagt.............................................. :06 - ::: >. Fssasscagt ....................................................................... ::1 - ::=

Fivhas.................................................................................. ::8- :1= Db` Fhjs.................................................................................... :18 - :?8 Yfcpka Axfcs \fpar................................................................ :>6 - :81 Fgswars................................................................................... :8> - 1<>

© Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

6

HZHK® hs f ranhstaraj trfjacfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj.

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Kafrghgn B`daivas

Ft tma agj bo tmhs cbjuka, pfrihpfgts whkk à f`ka tb4 6.

Jasirhà fgj axpkfhg tma ibgiapt bo Yarvhia fgj HZ Yarvhia Cfgfnacagt.

0.

Jasirhà fgj axpkfhg tma ibgiapt bo @ast \rfiia.

9.

Jasirhà Hgtargfk fgj Axtargfk Yarvhias, Hgtargfk fgj Axtargfk Iustbcars.

:.

Jasirhà tma ibgiapt bo Yarvhia \rbvhjar fgj axpkfhg Yarvhia

\rbvhjar typas. 1.

Jasirhà \rbiass Cbjak fgj \rbiass Imfrfitarhsis.

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Hjagoy fgj Jasirhà Ougibgs fgj Pbkas hg fg brnfghzfbg.

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Jaga PFIH.


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@fshis 6. @ushgass-HZ Fkhngcagt 0. @ast \rfiia fgj HZHK 9. Yburias fgj Agf`kars bo @ast \rfiia :. ^my hs HZHK suiiassouk2 1. Jaghbg bo Yarvhia ?. Jaghbg bo HZ Yar vhia Cfgfnacagt


1


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^mft hs HZ2 ’ Zma cafghgn bo HZ imfgnas whtm Ibgtaxt <6

HZ fs Ibcpbgagt4 HZ hs f ibkkaibg bo systacs, fppkhifbgs fgj hgorfstruituras wmhim fra ibcpbgagts br

su`fssac`khas bo f kfrnar prbjuit.

HZ fs Brnfghzfbg4 HZ hs fg brnfghzfbg whtm hts bwg sat

<0

bo ifpf`hkhas fgj rasburias. HZ brnfghzfbgs ifg à bo vfrhbus typas suim fs ùshgass ougibgs, smfraj sarvhias ughts fgj agtarprhsa-kavak ibra ughts.

HZ fs Yarvhia4 HZ hs f iftanbry bo sarvhias ukhzaj `y ùshgass.

<9

Zma sarvhias fra typhifkky HZ fppkhifbgs fgj hgorfstruitura tmft fra pfiefnaj fgj baraj `y hgtargfk HZ brnfghzfbgs br axtargfk sarvhia prbvhjars

HZ fs Fssat4 HZ hs f iftanbry bo ùshgass fssats tmft prbvhja f strafc bo àgats tb tmahr ùshgass bwgars, hgikujhgn

<:

ùt gbt khchtaj tb, ravagua, hgibca fgj prbt. HZ ibsts fra traftaj fs hgvastcagts.

^mft hs HZ2 ’ Zma cafghgn bo HZ imfgnas whtm Ibgtaxt Hgobrcfbg taimgbkbny (HZ) hs f ibccbgky usaj tarc tmft imfgnas cafghgn japagjhgn bg tma jharagt parspaivas tmft f ùshgass brnfghzfbg br pabpka cfy mfva bo ht. F eay imfkkagna hs tb raibnghza fgj `fkfgia tmasa parspaivas wmag ibccughifgn tma vfkua bo HZ sarvhia cfgfnacagt (HZYC) fgj ugjarstfgjhgn tma ibgtaxt obr mbw tma ùshgass saas tma HZ brnfghzfbg. Ybca bo tmasa cafghgns fra4 6.

HZ hs f ibkkaibg bo systacs, fppkhifbgs fgj hgorfstruituras wmhim fra ibcpbgagts br su`fssac`khas bo f kfrnar prbjuit. Zmay agf`ka br fra acàjjaj hg prbiassas fgj sarvhias.

0.

HZ hs fg brnfghzfbg whtm hts bwg sat bo ifpf`hkhas fgj rasburias. HZ brnfghzfbgs ifg à bo vfrhbus typas suim fs ùshgass ougibgs, smfraj sarvhias ughts fgj agtarprhsakavak ibra ughts.


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9.

HZ hs f iftanbry bo sarvhias ukhzaj `y ùshgass. Zma sarvhias fra typhifkky HZ fppkhifbgs fgj hgorfstruitura tmft fra pfiefnaj fgj baraj `y hgtargfk HZ brnfghzfbgs br axtargfk sarvhia prbvhjars. HZ ibsts fra traftaj fs ùshgass axpagsas.

:.

HZ hs f iftanbry bo ùshgass fssats tmft prbvhja f strafc bo àgats obr tmahr bwgars, hgikujhgn, ùt gbt khchtaj tb, ravagua, hgibca fgj prbt. HZ ibsts fra traftaj fs hgvastcagts. Avary HZ brnfghzfbg smbukj fit fs f sarvhia prbvhjar, ushgn tma prhgihpkas bo sarvhia cfgfnacagt tb agsura tmft tmay jakhvar tma butibcas raquhraj `y tmahr iustbcars.


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@ushgass HZ Fkhngcagt

6.

Hg shcpka tarcs, tma fkhngcagt àtwaag HZ fgj ùshgass cafgs tmft HZ jakhvars wmft ùshgass gaajs tb tmahr sfsofibg fgj fksb hs f`ka tb pkfy f strftanhi rbka hg smfphgn gaw ùshgass strftany.

0.

Fg ugjarkyhgn fssucpbg hs tmft tmhs oaft hs fimhavaj hg f ibst aaiva cfggar whtm f rakagtkass pursuht bo f`sbr`hgn gaw taimgbkbny bppbrtughas obr ùshgass àgats.

9.

HZ fgj ùshgass fait afim btmar fgj, tmaraobra, tmara hs f gaaj obr f ikbsar fkhngcagt àtwaag tma twb.


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Jaghbg bo @ast \rfiia & HZHK®

@ast \rfiia \rbvag fivhas br prbiassas tmft mfva àag suiiassoukky usaj `y cukpka brnfghzfbgs. HZHK hs fg axfcpka bo @ast \rfiia.

^mft hs HZHK2 HZHK hs pfrt bo f suhta bo àst-prfiia pu`khifbgs obr HZ sarvhia cfgfnacagt (HZYC). HZHK prbvhjas nuhjfgia tb sarvhia prbvhjars bg tma prbvhshbg bo qufkhty HZ sarvhias, fgj bg tma prbiassas, ougibgs fgj btmar ifpf`hkhas gaajaj tb suppbrt tmac.

Jaghbg bo @ast \rfiia & HZHK® ^mft hs HZHK2 HZHK hs pfrt bo f suhta bo àst-prfiia pu`khifbgs obr HZ sarvhia cfgfnacagt (HZYC). HZHK prbvhjas nuhjfgia tb sarvhia prbvhjars bg tma prbvhshbg bo qufkhty HZ sarvhias, fgj bg tma prbiassas, ougibgs fgj btmar ifpf`hkhas gaajaj tb suppbrt tmac. HZHK hs usaj `y cfgy mugjrajs bo brnfghzfbgs frbugj tma wbrkj fgj bars àst-prfiia nuhjfgia tb fkk typas bo brnfghzfbg tmft prbvhja sarvhias. HZHK hs gbt f stfgjfrj tmft mfs tb à obkkbwaj5 ht hs nuhjfgia tmft smbukj à rafj fgj ugjarstbbj, fgj usaj tb irafta vfkua obr tma sarvhia prbvhjar fgj hts iustbcars. Brnfghzfbgs fra agiburfnaj tb fjbpt HZHK àst prfiias fgj tb fjfpt tmac tb wbre hg tmahr spaihi agvhrbgcagts hg wfys tmft caat tmahr gaajs.


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HZHK hs suiiassouk àifusa ht jasirhàs prfiias tmft agf`ka brnfghzfbgs tb jakhvar àgats, raturg bg hgvastcagt fgj sustfhgaj suiiass. HZHK hs fjbptaj `y brnfghzfbgs tb agf`ka tmac tb4 h.

Jakhvar vfkua obr iustbcars tmrbunm sarvhias.

hh.

Hgtanrfta tma strftany obr sarvhias whtm tma ùshgass strftany fgj iustbcar gaajs.

hhh.

Cafsura, cbghtbr fgj bpchza HZ sarvhias fgj sarvhia prbvhjar parobrcfgia.

hv.

Cfgfna tma HZ hgvastcagt fgj ùjnat.

v.

Cfgfna rhse.

vh.

Cfgfna egbwkajna.

vhh. Cfgfna ifpf`hkhas fgj rasburias tb jakhvar sarvhias aaivaky fgj aihagtky. vhhh. Agf`ka fjbpbg bo f stfgjfrj fpprbfim tb sarvhia cfgfnacagt firbss tma agtarprhsa. hx.

Imfgna tma brnfghzfbgfk iuktura tb suppbrt tma fimhavacagt bo sustfhgaj suiiass.

x.

Hcprbva tma hgtarfibg fgj rakfbgsmhp whtm iustbcars.

xh.

Ibbrjhgfta tma jakhvary bo nbbjs fgj sarvhias firbss tma vfkua gatwbre.

xhh. Bpchza fgj rajuia ibsts.


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Yburias fgj Agf`kar bo @ast \rfiia

Yburias (nagarfta)

Ytfgjfrjs

Acpkbyaas

Hgjustry prfiias

Iustbcars

Fifjachi rasafrim

Yuppkhars

Zrfhghgn fgj ajuifbg

Fjvhsars

Hgtargfk axparhagia

Jrhvars (ktar)

Agf`kars (fnnranfta)

Zaimgbkbnhas

Yu`stutas

Ibcpabg

Panukftbrs

Ibcpkhfgia

Iustbcars

Ibcchtcagts

Yiagfrhbs (ktar)

Egbwkajna t obr ùshgass B`daivas, ibgtaxt fgj purpbsa

Yburias fgj Agf`kar bo @ast \rfiia Brnfghzfbgs àgimcfre tmacsakvas fnfhgst paars fgj saae tb ikbsa nfps hg ifpf`hkhas. Bga wfy tb ikbsa suim nfps hs tma fjbpbg bo nbbj prfiias hg whja hgjustry usa. Zmara fra savarfk sburias obr nbbj prfiias hgikujhgn pu`khi orfcawbres, stfgjfrjs, fgj tma prbprhatfry egbwkajna bo brnfghzfbgs fgj hgjhvhjufks 6.

\u`khi orfcawbres fgj stfgjfrjs fra frfiva wmag ibcpfraj whtm prbprhatfry egbwkajna4

0.

\rbprhatfry egbwkajna hs jaapky acàjjaj hg brnfghzfbgs fgj tmaraobra jhiukt tb fjbpt, rapkhifta, br trfgsoar avag whtm tma ibbparfbg bo tma bwgars. Yuim egbwkajna hs bag hg tma obrc bo tfiht egbwkajna, wmhim hs hgaxtrhif`ka fgj pbbrky jbiucagtaj. \rbprhatfry egbwkajna hs iustbchzaj obr tma kbifk ibgtaxt fgj spaihi ùshgass gaajs tb tma pbhgt bo àhgn hjhbsygirfi. Qgkass tma raihphagts bo suim egbwkajna mfva cftimhgn ihriucstfgias, tma egbwkajna cfy gbt à fs aaiva hg usa.


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9.

Bwgars bo prbprhatfry egbwkajna axpait tb à rawfrjaj obr tmahr kbgntarc hgvastcagts. Zmay cfy cfea suim egbwkajna fvfhkf`ka bgky ugjar ibccarihfk tarcs tmrbunm purimfsas fgj khiagshgn fnraacagts.

:.

\u`khiky fvfhkf`ka orfcawbres fgj stfgjfrjs suim fs HZHK, KAFG, Yhx Yhncf, IB@HZ, ICCH,\PHGIA0, \C@BE®, HYB 8<<<, HYB/HAI 0<<<< fgj HYB/HAI 0><<6 fra vfkhjftaj firbss f jhvarsa sat bo agvhrbgcagts fgj shtufbgs rftmar tmfg tma khchtaj axparhagia bo f shgnka brnfghzfbg. Zmay fra su`dait tb `rbfj ravhaw firbss cukpka brnfghzfbgs fgj jhsihpkhgas, fgj vaaj `y jhvarsa sats bo pfrtgars, suppkhars fgj ibcpatbrs.

1.

Zma egbwkajna bo pu`khi orfcawbres hs cbra kheaky tb à whjaky jhstrhùtaj fcbgn f kfrna ibccughty bo prboasshbgfks tmrbunm pu`khiky fvfhkf`ka trfhghgn fgj iarifbg. Ht hs afshar obr brnfghzfbgs tb fiquhra suim egbwkajna tmrbunm tma kf`bur cfreat.

Hngbrhgn pu`khi orfcawbres fgj stfgjfrjs ifg gaajkassky pkfia fg brnfghzfbg ft f jhsfjvfgtfna. Brnfghzfbgs smbukj iukvfta tmahr bwg prbprhatfry egbwkajna bg tbp bo f `bjy bo egbwkajna `fsaj bg pu`khi orfcawbres fgj stfgjfrjs. Ibkkf`brfbg fgj ibbrjhgfbg firbss brnfghzfbgs àibca afshar bg tma `fshs bo smfraj prfiias fgj stfgjfrjs.


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^my hs HZHK suiiassouk2 HZHK ac`rfias f prfiifk fpprbfim tb sarvhia `y fjfpgn f ibccbg orfcawbre bo prfiias tmft ughta fkk frafs bo HZ sarvhia prbvhshbg tbwfrjs f shgnka fhc ’ tmft bo jakhvarhgn vfkua tb tma ùshgass. _agjbr-gautrfkHZHK sarvhia cfgfnacagt prfiias fra fppkhif`ka hg fgy HZ brnfghzfbg àifusa tmay fra gbt `fsaj bg fgy pfriukfr taimgbkbny pkfbrc br hgjustry typa. HZHK hs iurragtky bwgaj `y F]AKBY Ktj fgj hs gbt aj tb fgy ibccarihfk prbprhatfry prfiia br sbkubg.

Gbg-prasirhpvaHZHK bars rbùst, cftura fgj ca tastaj prfiias tmft mfva fppkhif`hkhty tb fkk typas bo sarvhia brnfghzfbgs. Ht ibgguas tb à usaouk fgj rakavfgt hg pu`khi fgj prhvfta saitbrs, hgtargfk fgj axtargfk sarvhia prbvhjars, scfkk, cajhuc fgj kfrna agtarprhsas, fgj whtmhg fgy taimghifk agvhrbgcagt.

@ast prfiia HZHK raprasagts tma kafrghgn axparhagias fgj tmbunmt kafjarsmhp bo tma wbrkjs àst-hg-ikfss sarvhia prbvhjars.

HZHK hs suiiassouk àifusa ht jasirhàs prfiias tmft agf`ka brnfghzfbgs tb jakhvar àgats, raturg bg hgvastcagt fgj sustfhgaj suiiass.

^my hs HZHK suiiassouk2 HZHK ac`rfias f prfiifk fpprbfim tb sarvhia cfgfnacagt ’ jb wmft wbres. Fgj wmft wbres hs fjfpgn f ibccbg orfcawbre bo prfiias tmft ughta fkk frafs bo HZ sarvhia prbvhshbg tbwfrjs f shgnka fhc ’ tmft bo jakhvarhgn vfkua tb tma ùshgass. Zma obkkbwhgn khst jagas tma eay imfrfitarhsis bo HZHK tmft ibgtrhùta tb hts nkb`fk suiiass4 6.

_agjbr-gautrfk HZHK sar vhia cfgfnacagt prfiias fra fppkhif`ka hg fgy HZ brnfghzfbg àifusa tmay fra gbt `fsaj bg fgy pfriukfr taimgbkbny pkfbrc br hgjustry typa. HZHK hs HZHK hs iurragtky bwgaj `y F]AKBY Ktj fgj hs gbt aj tb fgy ibccarihfk prbprhatfry prfiia br sbkubg.


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6.

Gbg-prasirhpva HZHK bars rbùst, cftura fgj ca-tastaj prfiias tmft mfva fppkhif`hkhty tb fkk typas bo sarvhia brnfghzfbg. Ht ibgguas tb à usaouk fgj rakavfgt hg pu`khi fgj prhvfta saitbrs, hgtargfk fgj axtargfk sarvhia prbvhjars, scfkk, cajhuc fgj kfrna agtarprhsas, fgj whtmhg fgy taimghifk agvhrbgcagt. Brnfghzfbgs smbukj fjbpt HZHK fgj fjfpt ht tb caat tma gaajs bo tma HZ brnfghzfbg fgj tmahr iustbcars.

0.

@ast prfiia HZHK raprasagts tma kafrghgn axparhagias fgj tmbunmt kafjarsmhp bo tma wbrkj‘s àst-hg-ikfss sarvhia prbvhjars.


6:


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Yarvhia - Jaghbg

6.

Yarvhias fra f cafgs bo jakhvarhgn vfkua tb iustbcars `y ofihkhtfgn tma butibcas iustbcars wfgt tb fimhava whtmbut tma bwgarsmhp bo spaihi ibsts fgj rhses. Yarvhias ofihkhtfta butibcas `y agmfgihgn tma parobrcfgia bo fssbihftaj tfses fgj rajuihgn tma aait bo ibgstrfhgts.

0.

Iustbcar sfsofibg hs vary hcpbrtfgt. Iustbcars gaaj tb à sfsaj whtm tma kavak bo sarvhia fgj oaak ibgjagt hg tma f`hkhty bo tma sarvhia prbvhjar tb ibggua prbvhjhgn tmft kavak bo sarvhia ’ br avag hcprbvhgn ht bvar ca.

Yarvhia - Jaghbg Yarvhias4 Yarvhias fra f cafgs bo jakhvarhgn vfkua tb iustbcars `y ofihkhtfgn tma butibcas iustbcars wfgt tb fimhava whtmbut tma bwgarsmhp bo spaihi ibsts fgj rhses. Yarvhias ofihkhtfta butibcas `y agmfgihgn tma parobrcfgia bo fssbihftaj tfses fgj rajuihgn tma aait bo ibgstrfhgts. Zmasa ibgstrfhgts cfy hgikuja ranukfbg, kfie bo ougjhgn br ifpfihty, br taimgbkbny khchtfbgs. Zma agj rasukt hs fg hgirafsa hg tma prb`f`hkhty bo jashraj butibcas. ^mhka sbca sarvhias agmfgia parobrcfgia bo tfses, btmars mfva f cbra jhrait hcpfit ’ tmay parobrc tma tfse htsako. Zma praiajhgn pfrfnrfpm hs gbt dust f jaghbg, fs ht hs f raiurrhgn pfarg obugj hg f whja rfgna bo sarvhias. \fargs fra usaouk obr cfgfnhgn ibcpkaxhty, ibsts, axh`hkhty fgj vfrhaty. Zmay fra nagarhi struituras usaouk tb cfea fg hjaf fppkhif`ka hg f whja rfgna bo agvhrbgcagts fgj shtufbgs. Hg afim hgstfgia tma pfarg hs fppkhaj whtm vfrhfbgs tmft cfea tma hjaf aaiva, aibgbchifk br shcpky usaouk hg tmft pfriukfr ifsa.


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Iustbcar sfsofibg hs fksb hcpbrtfgt. Iustbcars gaaj tb à sfsaj whtm tma kavak bo sarvhia fgj oaak ibgjagt hg tma f`hkhty bo tma sarvhia prbvhjar tb ibggua prbvhjhgn tmft kavak bo sarvhia ’ br avag hcprbvhgn ht bvar ca. Zma jhiukty hs tmft iustbcar axpaitfbgs eaap smhhgn, fgj f sarvhia prbvhjar tmft jbas gbt trfie tmhs whkk sbbg gj htsako kbshgn ùshgass. HZHK Yarvhia Ytrftany hs makpouk hg ugjarstfgjhgn mbw tmhs mfppags, fgj mbw f sarvhia prbvhjar ifg fjfpt hts sarvhias tb caat tma imfgnhgn iustbcar agvhrbgcagt. Yarvhias ifg à jhsiussaj hg tarcs bo mbw tmay rakfta tb bga fgbtmar fgj tmahr iustbcars, fgj ifg à ikfsshaj fs ibra, agf`khgn br agmfgihgn.


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HZ Yarvhia cfgfnacagt

6.

HZ sarvhia cfgfnacagt (HZYC)4 Zma hcpkacagtfbg fgj cfgfnacagt bo qufkhty HZ sarvhias tmft caat tma gaajs bo tma ùshgass. HZ sarvhia cfgfnacagt hs parobrcaj `y HZ sarvhia prbvhjars tmrbunm fg fpprbprhfta chx bo pabpka, prbiass fgj hgobrcfbg taimgbkbny.

0.

HZ Yarvhia4 F sarvhia prbvhjaj `y fg HZ sarvhia prbvhjar. Fg HZ sarvhia hs cfja up bo f ibc`hgfbg bo hgobrcfbg taimgbkbny, pabpka fgj prbiass.

HZ Yarvhia cfgfnacagt HZYC cust à ifrrhaj but aaivaky fgj aihagtky. Cfgfnhgn HZ orbc f ùshgass parspaiva agf`kas brnfghzfbgfk mhnm parobrcfgia fgj vfkua irafbg. F nbbj rakfbg àtwaag fg HZ sarvhia prbvhjar fgj hts iustbcars rakhas bg tma iustbcar raiahvhgn fg HZ sarvhia tmft caats hts gaajs, ft fg fiiaptf`ka kavak bo parobrcfgia fgj ft f ibst tmft iustbcar ifg fbrj. Zma HZ sarvhia prbvhjar gaajs tb wbre but mbw tb fimhava f `fkfgia àtwaag tmasa tmraa frafs, fgj ibccughifta whtm tma iustbcar ho tmara hs fgytmhgn tmft pravagts htorbc àhgn f`ka tb jakhvar tma raquhraj HZ sarvhia ft tma fnraaj kavak bo parobrcfgia br prhia.


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Butibca Butibca4 Zma rasukt bo ifrryhgn but fg fivhty, obkkbwhgn f prbiass, br jakhvarhgn fg HZ sarvhia ati. Zma tarc hs usaj tb raoar tb hgtagjaj rasukts, fs wakk fs tb fitufk rasukts Fg butibca-`fsaj jaghbg bo sarvhia cbvas HZ brnfghzfbgs àybgj ùshgass’HZ fkhngcagt tbwfrjs ùshgass’HZ hgtanrfbg. Hgtargfk jhfkbnua fgj jhsiusshbg bg tma cafghgn bo sarvhias hs fg akacagtfry stap tbwfrjs fkhngcagt fgj hgtanrfbg whtm f iustbcars ùshgass.

Butibca Fg butibca-`fsaj jaghbg bo sarvhia cbvas HZ brnfghzfbgs àybgj ùshgass’HZ fkhngcagt tbwfrjs ùshgass’HZ hgtanrfbg. Hgtargfk jhfkbnua fgj jhsiusshbg bg tma cafghgn bo sarvhias hs fg akacagtfry stap tbwfrjs fkhngcagt fgj hgtanrfbg whtm f iustbcar‘s ùshgass . Iustbcar butibcas àibca tma ukcfta ibgiarg bo ùshgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnars hgstafj bo tma nftmarhgn bo raquhracagts, wmhim hs gaiassfry ùt gbt suihagt. Paquhracagts fra nagarftaj obr hgtargfk ibbrjhgfbg fgj ibgtrbk bgky far iustbcar butibcas fra wakk ugjarstbbj. Iustbcars saae butibcas ùt jb gbt whsm tb mfva fiibugtf`hkhty br bwgarsmhp bo fkk tma fssbihftaj ibsts fgj rhses. Fkk sarvhias cust mfva f ùjnat wmag tmay nb khva fgj tmhs cust sarvhia ibst hs raaitaj hg gfgihfk suim fs raturg bg bvarfkk hgvastcagt (PBH) à fgjcfgfnaj. tbtfk ibstZma bo bwgarsmhp (ZIB). Zma iustbcar whkktarcs bgky à axpbsaj tb tma ibst br prhia bo f sarvhia, wmhim whkk hgikuja fkk tma prbvhjar‘s ibsts fgj rhse chnfbg cafsuras (fgj fgy prbt cfrnhg ho fpprbprhfta). Zma iustbcar ifg tmag dujna tma vfkua bo f sarvhia `fsaj bg f ibcpfrhsbg bo ibst br prhia fgj rakhf`hkhty whtm tma jashraj butibca.


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Yarvhia \rbvhjar fgj HZ Yarvhia \rbvhjar

6.

Yarvhia \rbvhjar4 Fg brnfghzfbg suppkyhgn sarvhias tb bga br cbra hgtargfk br axtargfk iustbcars.

0.

HZ Yarvhia \rbvhjar4 F sarvhia prbvhjar tmft prbvhjas HZ sarvhias tb hgtargfk br axtargfk sarvhias.

Yarvhia \rbvhjar fgj HZ Yarvhia \rbvhjar HZYC ibgiapts fra bag jasirhàj hg tma ibgtaxt bo bgky bga bo tmasa typas fgj fs ho bgky bga typa bo HZ sarvhia prbvhjar axhsts br hs usaj `y f nhvag brnfghzfbg. Hg rafkhty cbst brnfghzfbgs mfva f ibc`hgfbg bo HZ sarvhia prbvhjars. Hg f shgnka brnfghzfbg ht hs pbssh`ka tmft sbca HZ ughts fra jajhiftaj tb f shgnka ùshgass ught, fgj yat btmars mfva àag butsburiaj br japagj bg axtargfk sarvhia prbvhjars. Cfgy HZ brnfghzfbgs wmb trfjhbgfkky prbvhja sarvhias tb hgtargfk iustbcars gj tmft tmay fra jafkhgn jhraitky whtm axtargfk usars àifusa bo tma bgkhga sarvhias tmft tmay prbvhja.


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Zypas bo Yarvhia \rbvhjars

Zmara fra tmraa cfhg typas bo sar vhia prbvhjar Zypa H (Hgtargfk Yarvhia \rbvhjar) Fg hgtargfk sarvhia prbvhjar tmft hs acàjjaj whtmhg f ùshgass ught. Zmara cfy à savarfk Zypa H sarvhia prbvhjars whtmhg fg brnfghzfbg.

Zypa HH (Ymfraj Yarvhias Qght) Fg hgtargfk sarvhia prbvhjar tmft prbvhjas smfraj HZ sarvhias tb cbra tmfg bga ùshgass ught.

Zypa HHH (Axtargfk Yarvhia \rbvhjar) F sarvhia prbvhjar tmft prbvhjas HZ sarvhias tb axtargfk iustbcars.

Zypas bo Yarvhia \rbvhjars HZ sarvhia prbvhjar4 F sarvhia prbvhjar tmft prbvhjas HZ sarvhias tb hgtargfk br axtargfk iustbcars. Yarvhia prbvhjars4 Zmara fra tmraa cfhg typas bo sarvhia prbvhjar. ^mhka cbst fspaits bo sarvhia cfgfnacagt fppky aqufkky tb fkk typas bo sarvhia prbvhjar, btmar fspaits suim fs iustbcars, ibgtrfits, ibcpabg, cfreat spfias, ravagua fgj strftany tfea bg jharagt cafghgns japagjhgn bg tma spaihi typa. Zma tmraa typas fra4 6.

Zypa H ’ hgtargfk sarvhia prbvhjar Fg hgtargfk sarvhia prbvhjar tmft hs acàjjaj whtmhg f ùshgass ught. Zmara cfy à savarfk Zypa H sarvhia prbvhjars whtmhg fg brnfghzfbg.


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6.

Zypa HH ’ smfraj sarvhias ught Fg hgtargfk sarvhia prbvhjar tmft prbvhjas smfraj HZ sarvhias tb cbra tmfg bga ùshgass ught.

0.

Zypa HHH ’ axtargfk sarvhia prbvhjar F sarvhia prbvhjar tmft prbvhjas HZ sarvhias tb axtargfk iustbcars.

HZYC ibgiapts fra bag jasirhàj hg tma ibgtaxt bo bgky bga bo tmasa typas fgj fs ho bgky bga typa bo HZ sarvhia prbvhjar axhsts br hs usaj `y f nhvag brnfghzfbg. Hg rafkhty cbst brnfghzfbgs mfva f ibc`hgfbg bo HZ sarvhia prbvhjars. Hg f shgnka brnfghzfbg ht hs pbssh`ka tmft sbca HZ ughts fra jajhiftaj tb f shgnka ùshgass ught, btmars prbvhja smfraj sarvhias, fgj yat btmars mfva àag butsburiaj br japagj bg axtargfk sarvhia prbvhjars. Cfgy HZ brnfghzfbgs wmb trfjhbgfkky prbvhja sarvhias tb hgtargfk iustbcars gj tmft tmay fra jafkhgn jhraitky whtm axtargfk usars àifusa bo tma bgkhga sarvhias tmft tmay prbvhja. HZHK Yarvhia Ytrftany prbvhjas nuhjfgia bg mbw tma HZ brnfghzfbg hgtarfits whtm tmasa usars, fgj wmb bwgs fgj cfgfnas tma rakfbgsmhp whtm tmac.


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Zypa H ’ Hgtargfk Yarvhia \rbvhjar Ibrpbrfta

Ibrpbrfta @ushgass Ougibg

Cfreagn P&J Ytrftanhi \kfgghgn Nbvargcagt ffhrs

Ibfgns (@Q)

Mucfg Pasburias Ohgfgia fgj fjchg Iustbcar Ifra HZ

Zaxkas (@Q)

\kfsis (@Q)

Mucfg Pasburias Ohgfgia fgj fjchg Iustbcar Ifra

Mucfg Pasburias Ohgfgia fgj fjchg Iustbcar Ifra

HZ

HZ

Zypa H ’ Hgtargfk Yarvhia \rbvhjar Fg hgtargfk sarvhia prbvhjar tmft hs acàjjaj whtmhg f ùshgass ught. Zmara cfy à savarfk Zypa H sarvhia prbvhjars whtmhg fg brnfghzfbg. Hg tma nuras smbwg f`bva, fkk tma sarvhia prbvhjars ugjar Ibfgn @Q, \kfsis @Q fgj Zaxkas @Q fra Hgtargfk Yarvhia \rbvhjars. Zmay prbvhja sarvhias tb tmahr @ushgass Qght. Hg btmar wbrjs afim ùshgass ught mfs hts bwg sarvhia prbvhjar. Zypa H sarvhia prbvhjars fra sarvhia prbvhjars tmft fra jajhiftaj tb, fgj bag acàjjaj whtmhg, fg hgjhvhjufk ùshgass ught. Zma ùshgass ughts tmacsakvas cfy à pfrt bo f kfrnar agtarprhsa br pfragt brnfghzfbg.


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Zypa HH ’ Ymfraj Yarvhias Qght Ibrpbrfta


Ibfgns (@Q)

\kfsis (@Q)

Zaxkas (@Q) @ushgass Yarvhias (YYQ)

Mucfg Pasburias Yarvhia Iftfkbnua

Yarvhia Iftfkbnua

Ohgfgia fgj Fjchghstrfbg Iustbcar Ifra

Yarvhia Iftfkbnua

Kbnhsis Yarvhia Iftfkbnua Yarvhia Iftfkbnua

Hgobrcfbg Zaimgbkbny @Q4 @ushgass Qght YYQ4 Ymfraj Yarvhias Qght

Zypa HH ’ Ymfraj Yarvhias Qght Fg hgtargfk sarvhia prbvhjar tmft prbvhjas smfraj HZ sarvhias tb cbra tmfg bga ùshgass ught. Ougibgs suim fs gfgia, HZ, mucfg rasburias, fgj kbnhsis fra gbt fkwfys ft tma ibra bo fg brnfghzfbg‘s ibcpava fjvfgtfna. Magia, tmay gaaj gbt à cfhgtfhgaj ft tma ibrpbrfta kavak wmara tmay jacfgj tma fagbg bo tma imhao axaiuva‘s tafc. Hgstafj, tma sarvhias bo suim smfraj ougibgs fra ibgsbkhjftaj hgtb fg futbgbcbus spaihfk ught ifkkaj f smfraj sarvhias ught (YYQ). Hg tma f`bva jhfnrfc HZ hs smbwg fs f shgnka japfrtcagt whtm f sarvhia iftfkbnua fvfhkf`ka tb cukpka ùshgass ughts.


09


H


Zypa HHH ’ Axtargfk Yarvhia \rbvhjar Ibrpbrfta


Ibfgns (@Q)

\kfsis (@Q)

Zaxkas (@Q)

Axtargfk \rbvhjars

Fkpmf Ib. Yarvhia Iftfkbnua

@atf Hgi.

Yarvhia Iftfkbnua

Yarvhia Iftfkbnua

Nfccf Ktj Yarvhia Iftfkbnua

Jaktf \ki

Yarvhia Iftfkbnua

Zypa HHH ’ Axtargfk Yarvhia \rbvhjar F sarvhia prbvhjar tmft prbvhjas HZ sarvhias tb axtargfk iustbcars. Zma ùshgass strftanhas bo iustbcars sbcacas raquhra ifpf`hkhas rafjhky fvfhkf`ka orbc f Zypa HHH prbvhjar. Zma fjjhbgfk rhses tmft Zypa HHH prbvhjars fssuca bvar Zypa H fgj Zypa HH fra dusaj `y hgirafsaj axh`hkhty fgj oraajbc tb pursua bppbrtughas. Zypa HHH prbvhjars ifg bar ibcpava prhias fgj jrhva jbwg ught ibsts `y ibgsbkhjfgn jacfgj . Iartfhg ùshgass strftanhas fra gbt fjaquftaky sarvaj `y hgtargfk sarvhiaprbvhjars suim fs Zypa H fgj Zypa HH. Iustbcars cfy pursua sburihgn strftanhas raquhrhgn sarvhias orbc axtargfk prbvhjars. Zma cbvfbg cfy à fiiass tb egbwkajna, axparhagia, sifka, sibpa, ifpf`hkhas, fgj rasburias tmft fra ahtmar àybgj tma rafim bo tma brnfghzfbg br butshja tma sibpa bo f ifraoukky ibgshjaraj hgvastcagt pbrbkhb. © Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

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Ytfeambkjars hg Yarvhia Cfgfnacagt Ytfeambkjars mfva fg hgtarast hg fg brnfghzfbg, prbdait br sarvhia ati. fgj cfy à hgtarastaj hg tma fivhas, tfrnats, rasburias br jakhvarf`kas orbc sarvhia cfgfnacagt.

Axfcpkas4 Brnfghzfbgs, sarvhia prbvhjars, iustbcars, ibgsucars, pfrtgars, acpkbyaas

^htmhg tma sarvhia prbvhjar brnfghzfbg tmara fra cfgy jharagt stfeambkjars hgikujhgn tma ougibgs, nrbups fgj tafcs tmft jakhvar tma sarvhias. Zmara fra fksb cfgy jharagt stfeambkjars axtargfk tb tma sarvhia prbvhjar brnfghzfbg.

Axfcpkas4 iustbcars, usars, suppkhars.

Ytfeambkjars hg Yarvhia Cfgfnacagt Ytfeambkjars mfva fg hgtarast hg fg brnfghzfbg, prbdait br sarvhia ati. fgj cfy à hgtarastaj hg tma fivhas, tfrnats, rasburias br jakhvarf`kas orbc sarvhia cfgfnacagt. Axfcpkas hgikuja brnfghzfbgs, sarvhia prbvhjars, iustbcars, ibgsucars, usars, pfrtgars, acpkbyaas, smframbkjars, bwgars fgj suppkhars. Zma tarc ”brnfghzfbg‘ hs usaj tb jaga f ibcpfgy, kanfk agty br btmar hgstubg. Ht hs fksb usaj tb raoar tb fgy agty tmft mfs pabpka, rasburias fgj ùjnats ’ obr axfcpka, f prbdait br ùshgass. ^htmhg tma sarvhia prbvhjar brnfghzfbg tmara fra cfgy jharagt stfeambkjars hgikujhgn tma ougibgs, nrbups fgj tafcs tmft jakhvar tma sarvhias. Zmara fra fksb cfgy stfeambkjars axtargfk tb tma sarvhia prbvhjar brnfghzfbg, obr axfcpka4 6.

Iustbcars Zmbsa wmb ùy nbbjs br sarvhias. Zma iustbcar bo fg HZ sarvhia prbvhjar hs tma parsbg br nrbup wmb jagas fgj fnraas tma sarvhia kavak tfrnats. Zmhs tarc hs fksb sbcacas usaj hgobrcfkky tb cafg usar ’ obr axfcpka, ”Zmhs hs f iustbcar-obiusaj brnfghzfbg.‘


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0.

Qsars Zmbsa wmb usa tma sarvhia bg f jfy-tbjfy `fshs. Qsars fra jhsgit orbc iustbcars, fs sbca iustbcars jb gbt usa tma HZ sarvhia jhraitky.

9.

Yuppkhars Zmhrj pfras raspbgsh`ka obr suppkyhgn nbbjs br sarvhias tmft fra raquhraj tb jakhvar HZ sarvhias. Axfcpkas bo suppkhars hgikuja ibccbjhty mfrjwfra fgj sbwfra

vagjbrs, gatwbre fgj takaibc prbvhjars, fgj butsburihgn brnfghzfbgs.


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Hgtargfk fgj Axtargfk iustbcars Zmara hs f jharagia àtwaag iustbcars wmb wbre hg tma sfca brnfghzfbg fs tma HZ sarvhia prbvhjar, fgj iustbcars wmb wbre obr fgbtmar brnfghzfbg Hgtargfk iustbcarsfra pabpka br japfrtcagts wmb wbre hg tma sfca brnfghzfbg fs tma sarvhia prbvhjar. Obr Axfcpka4 tma cfreagn japfrtcagt hs fg hgtargfk iustbcar bo tma HZ brnfghzfbg àifusa ht usas HZ sarvhias

Axtargfk iustbcars fra pabpka wmb fra gbt acpkbyaj `y tma brnfghzfbg, br brnfghzfbgs tmft fra sapfrfta kanfk agas, tmft purimfsa sarvhias orbc tma sarvhia prbvhjar hg tarcs bo f kanfkky `hgjhgn ibgtrfit br fnraacagt. Obr axfcpka4 fg fhrkhga chnmt b`tfhg ibgsukgn sarvhias orbc f kfrna ibgsukgn rc. Zwb-tmhrjs bo tma ibgtrfit vfkua hs pfhj hg ifsm, fgj bga-tmhrj hs pfhj hg fhr ieats ft fg

aquhvfkagt vfkua.

Hgtargfk fgj Axtargfk Iustbcars Panfrjkass bo mbw ibgshstagtky iustbcars fgj ibgsucars fra traftaj, tmay fra gbt fkk tma sfca. Zmara hs f jharagia àtwaag iustbcars wmb wbre hg tma sfca brnfghzfbg fs tma HZ sarvhia prbvhjar, fgj iustbcars wmb wbre obr fgbtmar brnfghzfbg. Hgtargfk iustbcars fra pabpka br japfrtcagts wmb wbre hg tma sfca brnfghzfbg fs tma sarvhia prbvhjar. Obr axfcpka, tma cfreagn japfrtcagt hs fg hgtargfk iustbcar bo tma HZ brnfghzfbg àifusa ht usas HZ sarvhias. Zma mafj bo cfreagn fgj tma IHB `btm rapbrt tb tma imhao axaiuva biar (IAB). Ho HZ imfrnas obr hts sarvhias, tma cbgay pfhj hs fg hgtargfk trfgsfibg hg tma brnfghzfbg‘s fiibuggn systac ’ h.a. gbt rafk ravagua. Axtargfk iustbcars fra pabpka wmb fra gbt acpkbyaj `y tma brnfghzfbg, br brnfghzfbgs tmft fra sapfrfta kanfk agas, tmft purimfsa sarvhias orbc tma sarvhia prbvhjar hg tarcs bo f kanfkky `hgjhgn ibgtrfit br fnraacagt. ^mag tma sarvhia prbvhjar imfrnas obr sarvhias tmay fra pfhj whtm ”rafk‘ cbgay, br tmrbunm fg aximfgna bo sarvhias br prbjuits.


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Obr axfcpka, fg fhrkhga chnmt b`tfhg ibgsukgn sarvhias orbc f kfrna ibgsukgn rc. Zwbtmhrjs bo tma ibgtrfit vfkua hs pfhj hg ifsm, fgj bga-tmhrj hs pfhj hg fhr ieats ft fg aquhvfkagt vfkua.

Jafkhgn whtm Axtargfk Iustbcars4Cfgy HZ brnfghzfbgs wmb trfjhbgfkky prbvhja sarvhias tb hgtargfk iustbcars gj tmft tmay fra jafkhgn jhraitky whtm axtargfk iustbcars àifusa bo tma bgkhga sarvhias tmft tmay prbvhja. Ht hs hcpbrtfgt tmft tma sarvhia strftany ikafrky hjagas mbw tma HZ brnfghzfbg hgtarfits whtm tmasa iustbcars, fgj wmb bwgs fgj cfgfnas tma rakfbgsmhp whtm tmac. Ht hs vary hcpbrtfgt tb gbta tmft `btm hgtargfk fgj axtargfk iustbcars cust à prbvhjaj

whtm tma fnraaj kavak bo sarvhia, whtm tma sfca kavaks bo iustbcar sarvhia. Zma wfy hg wmhim sarvhias fra jashngaj, trfgshbgaj, jakhvaraj fgj hcprbvaj, mbwavar, hs bag quhta jharagt. Zma jharagia àtwaag hgtargfk fgj axtargfk iustbcars hs f tmaca tmrbunmbut tmhs pu`khifbg, fgj tma jharagias àtwaag tmac whkk à cfea tma hgvastcagts. Ht hs cbgay tmft àkbgns tb tma brnfghzfbg tmay `btm wbre obr, fgj hs gbt ravagua. ^mft ùshgass butibcas whkk tmhs hgvastcagt jrhva, fgj mbw whkk tmhs spaihi kbifbg fimhava tmasa b`daivas cbra aaivaky tmfg tma imafpar kbifbg2 Hg tmhs ifsa tma sarvhia prbvhjar mfs fg hcpbrtfgt imaie-fgj`fkfgia rbka tb pkfy, wmhka tma iustbcar hs raquhraj tb jacbgstrfta wmft tma raturg whkk à bg tma hgvastcagt, fgj tb dusoy tb saghbr cfgfnacagt wmy tma imafpar fktargfva hs gbt fiiaptf`ka.


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Hgtargfk fgj Axtargfk Yarvhias Yarvhias

Hgtargfk Yarvhias

Axtargfk Yarvhias

Hgtargfk sarvhias fra jakhvaraj àtwaag japfrtcagts br ùshgass ughts hg tma sfca brnfghzfbg.

Axtargfk sarvhias fra jakhvaraj tb axtargfk iustbcars.

Zma rafsbg obr jh aragfgn àtwaag hgtargfk fgj axtargfk sarvhias hs tb jharagfta àtwaag sarvhias tmft suppbrt fg hgtargfk fivhty, fgj tmbsa tmft fitufkky fimhava ùshgass butibcas.

Hgtargfk fgj Axtargfk Yarvhias Dust fs tmara fra hgtargfk fgj axtargfk iustbcars, tmara fra hgtargfk fgj axtargfk sarvhias. Hgtargfk sarvhias fra jakhvaraj àtwaag japfrtcagts br ùshgass ughts hg tma sfca brnfghzfbg. Axtargfk sarvhias fra jakhvaraj tb axtargfk iustbcars. Zma rafsbg obr jharagfgn àtwaag hgtargfk fgj axtargfk sarvhias hs tb jharagfta àtwaag sarvhias tmft suppbrt fg hgtargfk fivhty, fgj tmbsa tmft fitufkky fimhava ùshgass butibcas. Zma jharagia cfy gbt fppafr tb à shnghifgt ft rst, shgia tma fivhty tb jakhvar tma sarvhias hs bag shchkfr. Mbwavar, ht hs hcpbrtfgt tb raibnghza tmft hgtargfk sarvhias mfva tb à khgeaj tb axtargfk sarvhias àobra tmahr ibgtrhùbg tb ùshgass butibcas ifg à ugjarstbbj fgj cafsuraj. Gbta bg axtargfk iustbcar-ofihgn sarvhias4 Hgtargfk HZ brnfghzfbgs fra gbt tma bgky prbvhjars bo axtargfk sarvhias tb iustbcars. Butsburiars, hgtargat sarvhia prbvhjars fgj ikbuj sarvhia prbvhjars fra fkk axfcpkas bo brnfghzfbgs tmft fra hg tma ùshgass bo prbvhjhgn axtargfk sarvhias ’ fgj tma taimgbkbny japfrtcagts prbvhjhgn tmasa sarvhias fra ùshgass ughts, suppbrtaj `y hgtargfk HZ sarvhia prbvhjars. © Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

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Hgtargfk fgj Axtargfk Yarvhias Axtargfk Iustbcar

Axtargfk Iustbcar

Axtargfk Iustbcar

Axtargfk Iustbcar

Axtargfk Iustbcar

Axtargfk Iustbcar

Zma @ushgass

@ushgass Qght (Hgtargfk Iustbcar)

@ushgass Qght (Hgtargfk Iustbcar)

HZ HZJapfrtcagt

HZJapfrtcagt

HZJapfrtcagt

Axtargfk iustbcar-ofihgn sarvhias HZ Yarvhias

Hgtargfk iustbcar-ofihgn sarvhias Yuppbrthgn sarvhias (hgtargfk) @ushgass sarvhias fgj prbjuits prbvhjaj `y btmar ùshgass ughts

Hgtargfk fgj Axtargfk Yarvhias HZ sarvhias4 Fg HZ sarvhia hs f sarvhia tmft hs prbvhjaj tb bga br cbra iustbcars `y fg HZ sarvhia prbvhjar. Fg HZ sarvhia hs `fsaj bg tma usa bo hgobrcfbg taimgbkbny fgj suppbrts tma iustbcar‘s ùshgass prbiassas. Ht hs cfja up bo f ibc`hgfbg bo pabpka, prbiassas fgj taimgbkbny. F ùshgass prbiass ifg à jhstrhùtaj firbss taimgbkbnhas fgj fppkhifbgs, spfg nabnrfpmhas, mfva cfgy usars fgj yat skk rashja wmbkky hg tma jftf iagtra. Zbhgtanrfta ùshgass prbiassas, HZ oraquagtky acpkbys `bbc-up hgtanrfbg, stimhgn tbnatmar f pftimwbre bo taimgbkbny fgj fppkhifbg ibcpbgagts tmft wara gavar jashngaj tb hgtarfit ft tma ùshgass prbiass kfyar. ^mft ànhgs fs fg akanfgt tbp-jbwg ùshgass jashng oraquagtky jatarhbrftas hgtb f jhsdbhgtaj fgj hgaxh`ka HZ sbkubg, jhsibggaitaj orbc tma nbfks bo tma ùshgass.


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F àar strftany obr suppbrgn tmasa ùshgass prbiassas hs tb stfrt `y jaghgn tma butibcas fgj tmag hjagoyhgn tma HZ sarvhias tmft suppbrt tmac, fgj far tmft jaghgn mbw suppbrgn sarvhias whkk à fkhngaj tb suppbrt tma agra imfhg bo japagjagihas.

@ushgass sarvhias fgj prbjuits prbvhjaj `y btmar ùshgass ughts4 F ùshgass sarvhia hs jagaj fs f sarvhia tmft hs jakhvaraj tb ùshgass iustbcars `y ùshgass ughts5 obr axfcpka, jakhvary bo gfgihfk sarvhias tb iustbcars bo f `fge, br nbbjs tb tma iustbcars bo f ratfhk stbra. Yuiiassouk jakhvary bo ùshgass sarvhias bag japagjs bg bga br cbra HZ sarvhias. Fktmbunm HZ hs gbt jhraitky raspbgsh`ka obr tma ùshgass‘s sarvhias fgj prbjuits, ht hs raspbgsh`ka obr prbvhjhgn HZ sarvhias wmhim whkk agf`ka tma butibcas tb à cat. Zmus ht hs hcpbrtfgt tmft HZ egbws wmft tmasa sarvhias fra, mbw tma ùshgass usas HZ sarvhias fgj mbw tmasa sarvhias fra cafsuraj. Zmhs whkk jhraitky hcpfit tma wfy hg wmhim HZ‘s ibgtrhùbg tb tma brnfghzfbg hs cat. Bga wfy bo jbhgn tmhs hs tb jaga tma ùshgass fivhas gaajaj tb prbjuia tma butibcas fs vhtfk ùshgass ougibgs.


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Jaghbg bo \rbiass fgj \rbiass Imfrfitarhsis \rbiass4 F prbiass hs f struituraj sat bo Cafsurf`hkhty

fivhas jashngaj tfeas bga br cbra jagaj hgputs fgj turgs tmac hgtb jagaj butputs.

Ypaihi rasukts

Iustbcars

Paspbgshvagass

\rbiassas jaga fibgs, japagjagihas fgj saquagia. âkk- jagaj prbiassas ifg hcprbva prbjuivhty whtmhg fgj firbss brnfghzfbgs fgj ougibgs. \rbiass imfrfitarhsis hgikuja4

\rbiass imfrfitarhsis hgikuja

Jaghbg bo \rbiass fgj \rbiass Imfrfitarhsis Jaghbg4 \rbiass4 F prbiass hs f struituraj sat bo fivhas jashngaj tfeas bga br cbra jagaj hgputs fgj turgs tmac hgtb jagaj butputs. \rbiassas jaga fibgs, japagjagihas fgj saquagia. âkk-jagaj prbiassas ifg hcprbva prbjuivhty whtmhg fgj firbss brnfghzfbgs fgj ougibgs. \rbiassas jaga fibgs, japagjagihas fgj saquagia. âkk-jagaj prbiassas ifg hcprbva prbjuivhty whtmhg fgj firbss brnfghzfbgs fgj ougibgs. \rbiass imfrfitarhsis hgikuja4 6.

Cafsurf`hkhty4 â fra f`ka tb cafsura tma prbiass hg f rakavfgt cfggar. Ht hs parobrcfgia jrhvag. Cfgfnars wfgt tb cafsura ibst, qufkhty fgj btmar vfrhf`kas wmhka prfibgars fra ibgiargaj whtm jurfbg fgj prbjuivhty.


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Ypaihi rasukts4 Zma rafsbg f prbiass axhsts hs tb jakhvar f spaihi rasukt. Zmhs rasukt cust à hgjhvhjufkky hjagf`ka fgj ibugtf`ka.

0.

Iustbcars4 Avary prbiass jakhvars hts prhcfry rasukts tb f iustbcar br stfeambkjar. Iustbcars cfy à hgtargfk br axtargfk tb tma brnfghzfbg, ùt tma prbiass cust caat tmahr axpaitfbgs.

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Paspbgshvagass tb spaihi trhnnars4^mhka f prbiass cfy à bgnbhgn br htarfva, ht smbukj à trfiaf`ka tb f spaihi trhnnar.


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\rbiass Cbjak \rbiass ibgtrbk \rbiass pbkhiy \rbiass bwgar

Zrhnnars

\rbiass

\rbiass oaaj`fie

\rbiass \rbiass catrhis \rbiass rbkas

\rbiass hgputs

\rbiass prbiajuras

\rbiass hcprbvacagts

\rbiass wbre

\rbiass butputs Hgikujhgn prbiass Papbrts fgj ravhaws

\rbiass agf`kas \rbiass

\rbiass rasburias

\rbiass Cbjak F prbiass hs brnfghzaj frbugj f sat bo b`daivas. Zma cfhg butputs orbc tma prbiass smbukj à jrhvag `y tma b`daivas fgj smbukj hgikuja prbiass cafsuracagts (catrhis), rapbrts fgj prbiass hcprbvacagt. Zma butput prbjuiaj `y f prbiass mfs tb ibgobrc tb bparfbgfk gbrcs tmft fra jarhvaj orbc ùshgass b`daivas. Ho prbjuits ibgobrc tb tma sat gbrc, tma prbiass ifg à ibgshjaraj aaiva Ho tma fivhas bo tma prbiass fra ifrrhaj but whtm f chghcuc usa bo rasburias, tma prbiass ifg fksb à ibgshjaraj aihagt. Hgputs fra jftf br hgobrcfbg usaj `y tma prbiass fgj cfy à tma butput orbc fgbtmar prbiass. F prbiass, br fg fivhty whtmhg f prbiass, hs hghftaj `y f trhnnar. F trhnnar cfy à tma frrhvfk bo fg hgput br btmar avagt. Obr axfcpka, tma ofhkura bo f sarvar cfy trhnnar tma avagt cfgfnacagt fgj hgihjagt cfgfnacagt prbiassas.


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\rbiassas F prbiass hs brnfghzaj frbugj f sat bo b`daivas.

Zma cfhg butputs orbc ma t prbiass smbukj à jrhvag `y tmab`daivas fgj smbukj hgikuja prbiass cafsuracagts (catrhis),apbrts r fgj prbiass hcprbv acagt. Hgputs fra jftf br hgobrcfbg usaj `y tma prbiass fgj cfy à tma butput orbc fgbtmar prbiass. F prbiass cfy hgikuja fgy bo tmarbkas, raspbgsh`hkhas, tbbks fgj cfgfnacagt ibgtrbks raquhraj tb jakhvar tmabutputs rakhf`ky. F prbiass cfy hgikuja fgy bo tmarbkas, raspbgsh`hkhas, tbbks fgj cfgfnacagt ibgtrbks raquhraj tb jakhvar tmabutputs rakhf`ky.

\rbiassas F prbiass cfy hgikuja fgy bo tma rbkas, raspbgsh`hkhas, tbbks fgj cfgfnacagt ibgtrbks raquhraj tb jakhvar tma butputs rakhf`ky. F prbiass cfy jaga pbkhihas, stfgjfrjs, nuhjakhgas, fivhas fgj wbre hgstruibgs ho tmay fra gaajaj. \rbiassas, bgia jagaj, smbukj à jbiucagtaj fgj ibgtrbkkaj. Bgia ugjar ibgtrbk, tmay ifg à rapaftaj fgj cfgfnaj. \rbiass cafsuracagt fgj catrhis ifg à ùhkt hgtb tma prbiass tb ibgtrbk fgj hcprbva tma prbiass. \rbiass fgfkyshs, rasukts fgj catrhis smbukj à hgibrpbrftaj hg ranukfr cfgfnacagt rapbrts

fgj prbiass hcprbvacagts.


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Brnfghzhgn obr HZ Yarvhia Cfgfnacagt - Ougibgs, Pbkas F ougibg hs f tafc br nrbup bo pabpka fgj tma tbbks br btmar rasburias tmay usa tb ifrry but bga br cbra prbiassas br fivhas. Hg scfkkar brnfghzfbgs, bga parsbg br nrbup ifg parobrc cukpka ougibgs ’ obr axfcpka, f taimghifk cfgfnacagt japfrtcagt ibukj fksb hgibrpbrfta tma sarvhia jase ougibg.

Hg kfrnar brnfghzfbgs, f ougibg cfy à `rbeag but fgj parobrcaj `y savarfk japfrtcagts, tafcs fgj nrbups, br ht cfy à ac`bjhaj whtmhg f shgnka brnfghzfbgfk ught (a.n. tma sarvhia jase).

Pbka F rbka hs f sat bo raspbgsh`hkhas, fivhas fgj futmbrhas nrfgtaj tb f parsbg br tafc. F rbka hs jagaj hg f prbiass br ougibg. Bga parsbg br tafc cfy mfva cukpka rbkas ’ obr axfcpka, tma rbkas bo ibgnurfbg cfgfnar fgj imfgna cfgfnar cfy à ifrrhaj but `y f shgnka parsbg.

Brnfghzhgn obr HZ Yarvhia Cfgfnacagt - Ougibgs, Pbkas Pbkas4 F gucàr bo rbkas gaaj tb à parobrcaj jurhgn tma sarvhia khoaiyika. Zma ibra HZHK pu`khifbgs prbvhja nuhjakhgas fgj axfcpkas bo rbka jasirhpbgs. Zmasa fra gbt axmfusva br prasirhpva, fgj hg cfgy ifsas rbkas whkk gaaj tb à ibc`hgaj br sapfrftaj. Brnfghzfbgs smbukj tfea ifra tb fppky tmhs nuhjfgia hg f wfy tmft suhts tmahr bwg struitura fgj b`daivas. Pbkas fra bag ibgousaj whtm db` tkas ùt ht hs hcpbrtfgt tb rafkhza tmft tmay fra gbt tma sfca. Afim brnfghzfbg whkk jaga fpprbprhfta db` tkas fgj db` jasirhpbgs wmhim suht tmahr gaajs, fgj hgjhvhjufks mbkjhgn tmasa db` tkas ifg parobrc bga br cbra bo tma raquhraj rbkas. Ht smbukj fksb à raibnghzaj tmft f parsbg cfy, fs pfrt bo tmahr db` fsshngcagt, parobrc f shgnka tfse tmft raprasagts pfrihpfbg hg cbra tmfg bga prbiass. Obr axfcpka, f taimghifk fgfkyst wmb su`chts f raquast obr imfgna (POI) tb fjj cacbry tb f sarvar tb rasbkva f parobrcfgia prb`kac hs pfrihpfgn hg fivhas bo tma imfgna cfgfnacagt prbiass ft tma sfca ca fs tfehgn pfrt hg fivhas bo tma ifpfihty cfgfnacagt fgj prb`kac cfgfnacagt prbiassas.


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Ougibgs4 F ougibg hs f tafc br nrbup bo pabpka fgj tma tbbks br btmar rasburias tmay usa tb ifrry but bga br cbra prbiassas br fivhas. Hg kfrnar brnfghzfbgs, f ougibg cfy à `rbeag but fgj parobrcaj `y savarfk japfrtcagts, tafcs fgj nrbups, br ht cfy à ac`bjhaj whtmhg f shgnka brnfghzfbgfk ught (a.n. tma sarvhia jase). Hg scfkkar brnfghzfbgs, bga parsbg br nrbup ifg parobrc cukpka ougibgs ’ obr axfcpka, f taimghifk cfgfnacagt japfrtcagt ibukj fksb hgibrpbrfta tma sarvhia jase ougibg.


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Ougibg Nrbup F nrbup hs f gucàr bo pabpka wmb fra shchkfr hg sbca wfy. Nrbups fra usufkky gbt obrcfk brnfghzfbgfk struituras, ùt fra vary usaouk hg jaghgn ibccbg prbiassas firbss tma brnfghzfbg ’ obr axfcpka, agsurhgn tmft fkk pabpka wmb rasbkva hgihjagts ibcpkata tma hgihjagt raibrj hg tma sfca wfy.

Zafc F tafc hs f cbra obrcfk typa bo nrbup. Zmasa fra pabpka wmb wbre tbnatmar tb fimhava f ibccbg b`daiva, ùt gbt gaiassfrhky hg tma sfca brnfghzfbgfk struitura.

Japfrtcagt Japfrtcagts fra obrcfk brnfghzfbgfk struituras wmhim axhst tb parobrc f spaihi sat bo jagaj fivhas bg fg bgnbhgn `fshs. Japfrtcagts mfva f mharfrimhifk rapbrgn struitura whtm cfgfnars wmb fra usufkky raspbgsh`ka obr tma axaiubg bo tma fivhas

Jhvhshbg F jhvhshbg raoars tb f gucàr bo japfrtcagts tmft mfva àag nrbupaj tbnatmar, bag `y nabnrfpmy br prbjuit khga. F jhvhshbg hs gbrcfkky sako-ibgtfhgaj.

Ougibg Obr tma sarvhia khoaiyika tb à suiiassouk, fg brnfghzfbg whkk gaaj tb ikafrky jaga tma rbkas fgj raspbgsh`hkhas raquhraj tb ugjartfea tma prbiassas fgj fivhas hgvbkvaj hg afim khoaiyika stfna. Zmasa rbkas whkk gaaj tb à fsshngaj tb hgjhvhjufks, fgj fg fpprbprhfta brnfghzfbg struitura bo tafcs, nrbups br ougibgs whkk gaaj tb à astf`khsmaj fgj cfgfnaj. Zmasa fra jagaj fs obkkbws4 Nrbup F nrbup hs f gucàr bo pabpka wmb fra shchkfr hg sbca wfy. Hg HZHK, nrbups raoar tb

pabpka wmb parobrc shchkfr fivhas ’ avag tmbunm tmay cfy wbre bg jharagt taimgbkbnhas br rapbrt hgtb jharagt brnfghzfbgfk struituras br avag jharagt ibcpfghas. Nrbups fra usufkky gbt obrcfk brnfghzfbgfk struituras, ùt fra vary usaouk hg jaghgn ibccbg prbiassas firbss tma brnfghzfbg ’ obr axfcpka, agsurhgn tmft fkk pabpka wmb rasbkva hgihjagts ibcpkata tma hgihjagt raibrj hg tma sfca wfy.


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Zafc F tafc hs f cbra obrcfk typa bo nrbup. Zmasa fra pabpka wmb wbre tbnatmar tb fimhava

f ibccbg b`daiva, ùt gbt gaiassfrhky hg tma sfca brnfghzfbgfk struitura. Zafc cacàrs ifg à ib-kbiftaj, br wbre hg cukpka kbifbgs fgj bparfta vhrtufkky. Zafcs fra usaouk obr ibkkf`brfbg, br obr jafkhgn whtm f shtufbg bo f tacpbrfry br trfgshbgfk gftura. Axfcpkas bo tafcs hgikuja prbdait tafcs, fppkhifbg javakbpcagt tafcs (bag ibgshsgn bo pabpka orbc savarfk jharagt ùshgass ughts) fgj hgihjagt br prb`kac rasbkubg tafcs. Japfrtcagt Japfrtcagts fra obrcfk brnfghzfbgfk struituras wmhim axhst tb parobrc

f spaihi sat bo jagaj fivhas bg fg bgnbhgn `fshs. Japfrtcagts mfva f mharfrimhifk rapbrgn struitura whtm cfgfnars wmb fra usufkky raspbgsh`ka obr tma axaiubg bo tma fivhas fgj fksb obr jfy-tb-jfy cfgfnacagt bo tma stf hg tma japfrtcagt.

Jhvhshbg F jhvhshbg raoars tb f gucàr bo japfrtcagts tmft mfva àag nrbupaj tbnatmar, bag `y nabnrfpmy br prbjuit khga. F jhvhshbg hs gbrcfkky sako-ibgtfhgaj.


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PFIH Cbjak PFIH hs fg firbgyc obr tma obur cfhg rbkas bo 4 Paspbgsh`ka4 Zma parsbg br pabpka raspbgsh`ka obr nagn tma db` jbga. ^bres bg tma fivhty. Zma ‛Jbar–

Fiibugtf`ka4Bgky bga parsbg ifg à fiibugtf`ka obr afim tfse/Fivhty tb fvbhj `kfcas. Zma parsbg whtm XAY & GB Futmbrhty.

Ibgsuktaj4‛Hg tma Kbbp obr jaihshbg cfehgn–.Zma pabpka wmb fra ibgsuktaj fgj wmbsa bphghbgs fra sbunmt.

Hgobrcaj4 ‛Eaap \bstaj–. Zma pabpka wmb fra eapt up-jb-jfta bg prbnrass.

PFIH makps hg jaghgn Pbkas fgj Paspbgsh`hkhas hg rakfbg tb prbiass fgj fivhas. Jhraitbr sarvhia Cfgfnacagt

Yarvhia kavak Cfgfnar

\rb`kac Cfgfnar

Yaiurhty Cfgfnar

\rbiuracagt Cfgfnar

Fivhty 6

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H

I

Fivhty 0 Fivhty 9

F

P

HF

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I I

Fivhty :

HF

P

H

Fivhty 1

HF

P

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I

PFIH Cbjak ^mag jashnghgn f sarvhia br f prbiass, ht hs hcparfva tmft fkk tma rbkas fra ikafrky jagaj. F trfjacfre bo mhnm-parobrchgn brnfghzfbgs hs tma f`hkhty tb cfea tma rhnmt jaihshbgs quhieky fgj axaiuta tmac aaivaky. ^matmar tma jaihshbg hgvbkvas f strftanhi imbhia br f irhifk bparfbg, àhgn ikafr bg wmb mfs hgput, wmb jaihjas fgj wmb tfeas fibg whkk agf`ka tma brnfghzfbg tb cbva obrwfrj rfphjky. F eay imfrfitarhsi bo f prbiass hs tmft fkk rakftaj fivhas gaaj gbt gaiassfrhky à khchtaj tb bga spaihi brnfghzfbgfk ught. Yarvhia fssat fgj ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt prbiass fivhas, obr axfcpka, ifg à ibgjuitaj hg japfrtcagts suim fs ibcputar bparfbgs, systac


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prbnrfcchgn, fppkhifbg cfgfnacagt, gatwbre cfgfnacagt, systacs javakbpcagt fgj avag gbg-HZ japfrtcagts suim fs prbiuracagt, wframbusa br fiibuggn. Yhgia sarvhias, prbiassas fgj tmahr ibcpbgagt fivhas rug tmrbunm fg agra brnfghzfbg, tma hgjhvhjufk fivhas smbukj à ikafrky cfppaj tb wakk-jagaj rbkas. Zma rbkas fgj fivhas fra ibbrjhgftaj `y prbiass cfgfnars. Bgia jatfhkaj prbiajuras fgj wbre hgstruibgs mfva àag javakbpaj, fg brnfghzfbg cust cfp tma jagaj rbkas fgj tma fivhas bo tma prbiass tb hts axhsgn stf. Ikafr jaghbgs bo fiibugtf`hkhty fgj raspbgsh`hkhty fra irhifk suiiass ofitbrs (IYOs) obr fgy hcprbvacagt fivhty. ^htmbut tmhs, rbkas fgj raspbgsh`hkhas whtmhg tma gaw prbiass ifg à ibgoushgn, fgj hgjhvhjufks whkk ravart tb ”tma wfy wa‘va fkwfys jbga ht‘ àobra tma gaw prbiajuras wara put hg pkfia.


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Yuccfry 6. @ushgass ’ HZ Fkhngcagt 0. Yarvhia fgj HZ Yarvhia Cfgfnacagt. 9. Hgtargfk fgj Axtargfk Iustbcars :. Hgtargfk fgj Axtargfk Yarvhias 1. \rbiass fgj Imfrfitarhsis ?. PFIH


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Fjjhbgfk Pafjhgns 6. Jfvhj Ghieaks, HZ @ushgass Fkhngcagt4 ^mft wa egbw tmft wa skk jb gbt egbw, >tm Fggufk ibgoaragia bo tma Ybutmarg Fssbihfbg bo Hgobrcfbg Yystacs, 0<<:. 0. Cfry Gunagt, Zma Obur \mfsas bo HZ/@ushgass Fkhngcagt, IHB upjfta, Jaiacàr 0<<:. 9. Darry G Kucfg, Pfycbgj \fpp, fgj Zbc @rhar, Agf`kars fgj Hgmh`htars bo @ushgass HZ Fkhngcagt, Ibccughifbgs bo FHY, _bk H, Frika 66, Cfrim 6888. :. Magjarsbg fgj _ageftfrfcfg, Ytrftanhi Fkhngcagt4

Kavarfnhgn hgobrcfbg Zaimgbkbny obr trfgsobrchgn brnfghzfbgs, H@C Yystacs Dburgfk, pp.:>0-:=:, 6889. 1. Cfgfnacagt `y \rbiass, Dbmg Dastbg, Aksavhar \u`khsmhgn.


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^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn stftacagts f`but prbiassas hs IBPPAIZ2 6. Fkk prbiassas cust mfva fg bwgar. 0. F \rbiass tfeas bga br cbra hgputs fgj turgs tmac hgtb jagaj butputs. f. 6 bgky `. 0 bgky i. @btm bo tma f`bva j. Gahtmar bo tma f`bva

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Zma PFIH Cbjak agsuras wmhim ibc`hgfbg bo tma obkkbwhgn rbkas hs fkkbiftaj obr prbiassas2 f. Paspbgsh`ka, Fiibugtf`ka, Ibgsuktaj, Hgobrcaj `. Paspbgsh`ka, Fimhavf`ka, Ibgsuktaj, Hgobrcaj. i. Pafkhsi, Fiibugtf`ka, Ibgsuktaj, Hgobrcaj. j. Paspbgsh`ka, Fiibugtf`ka, Ibrraitaj, Hgobrcaj.

9.

‛Yarvhia Cfgfnacagt hs f sat bo spaihfkhzaj brnfghzfbgfk ifpf`hkhas obr prbvhjhgn vfkua tb iustbcars hg tma obrc bo sarvhias–. Zmasa spaihfkhzaj brnfghzfbgfk ifpf`hkhas hgikuja wmhim bo tma obkkbwhgn2 f. Fppkhifbg fgj Hgorfstruitura `. Ougibgs fgj \rbiassas i. Yarvhia \hpakhga fgj Iftfkbnua j. Cfreat fgj Iustbcars

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F \rbiass bwgar mfs àag hjagaj whtm fgj ‛H– hg f PFIH cftrhx. ^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn wbukj à axpaitaj bo tmac2 f. Zakk btmars f`but tma prbnrass bo fg fivhty `. \arobrc fg fivhty i. @a eapt up tb jfta bg tma prbnrass bo fg fivhty j. Cfgfna fg fivhty.


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^mft smbukj f sarvhia fkwfys jakhvar tb iustbcars2 f. Fppkhifbgs `. Hgorfstruitura i. _fkua j. Pasburias

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F prbiass bwgar hs raspbgsh`ka obr wmhim bo tma obkkbwhgn2 6. Jbiucaggn tma prbiass 0. Jaghgn tma prbiass Eay \arobrcfgia Hgjhiftbrs 9. Hcprbvhgn tma prbiass :. \arobrchgn fkk fivhas hgvbkvaj hg f prbiass. f. 6,9 fgj : bgky `. Fkk bo tma f`bva i. 6,0 fgj 9 bgky j. 6,0 fgj : bgky

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^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn hs GBZ f àgat bo ushgn Orfcawbres fgj stfgjfrjs2 f. Egbwkajna bo \u`khi Orfcawbres hs cbra kheaky tb à whjaky jhstrhùtaj. `. Zmay fra fkwfys oraa agsurhgn tmay ifg à hcpkacagtaj quhieky i. Zmay fra vfkhjftaj firbss f whja rfgna bo agvhrbgcagts cfehgn tmac cbra rbùst j. Zmay cfea ibkkf`brfbg àtwaag brnfghzfbgs afshar `y nhvhgn f ibccbg kfgnufna.

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^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn stftacagts f`but prbiassas hs IBPPAIZ2 6. F prbiass hs fkwfys brnfghzaj frbugj f sat bo b`daivas. 0. F prbiass smbukj à jbiucagtaj. f. 6 bgky `. 0 bgky i. @btm bo tma f`bva j. Gahtmar bo tma f`bva


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Kafrghgn B`daivas Far ibcpkabg bo tmhs cbjuka pfrihpfgts whkk à f`ka tb4 

Hjagoy fkk tma pmfsas bo tma HZHK Yarvhia Khoaiyika.



Hjagoy fgj Qgjarstfgj tma \urpbsa, B`daivas fgj Yibpa bo Yarvhia Ytrftany, Yarvhia Jashng, Yarvhia Zrfgshbg, Yarvhia Bparfbg fgj Ibggufk Yarvhia Hcprbvacagt.


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HZHK Yarvhia Khoaiyika HZHK Yarvhia Khoaiyika hs fg fpprbfim tb HZ Yarvhia Cfgfnacagt tmft acpmfshzas tma gaaj fgj hcpbrtfgia bo ibbrjhgfbg fgj ibgtrbk firbss tma vfrhbus ougibgs, prbiassas, fgj systacs gaiassfry tb cfgfna tma oukk Khoaiyika bo HZ sarvhias. Zma Yarvhia Khoaiyika prbvhjas hgshnmt hgtb4 

Zma wfy Yarvhia Cfgfnacagt hs struituraj.



Zma wfy vfrhbus ibcpbgagts fra khgeaj tb afim btmar.

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Zma hcpfit tmft imfgnas hg bga ibcpbgagt whkk mfva bg btmar ibcpbgagts.

HZHK Yarvhia Khoaiyika HZHK hs pfrt bo f suhta bo àst-prfiia pu`khifbgs obr HZ sarvhia cfgfnacagt (HZYC). HZHK prbvhjas nuhjfgia tb sarvhia prbvhjars bg tma prbvhshbg bo qufkhty HZ sarvhias, fgj bg tma prbiassas, ougibgs fgj btmar ifpf`hkhas gaajaj tb suppbrt tmac. HZHK hs usaj `y cfgy mugjrajs bo brnfghzfbgs frbugj tma wbrkj fgj bars àst-prfiia nuhjfgia tb fkk typas bo brnfghzfbg tmft prbvhja sarvhias. HZHK hs gbt f stfgjfrj tmft mfs tb à obkkbwaj5 ht hs nuhjfgia tmft smbukj à rafj fgj ugjarstbbj, fgj usaj tb irafta vfkua obr tma sarvhia prbvhjar fgj hts iustbcars. Brnfghzfbgs fra agiburfnaj tb fjbpt HZHK àst prfiias fgj tb fjfpt tmac tb wbre hg tmahr spaihi agvhrbgcagts hg wfys tmft caat tmahr gaajs.

HZHK hs tma cbst HZHK whjaky orfcawbre hg tma 0< yafrs shgia ht wfs iraftaj, mfsraibnghzaj avbkvaj fgj imfgnaj obr hts HZYC `rafjtm fgjwbrkj. japtmHgfstma taimgbkbnhas fgj ùshgass prfiias mfva javakbpaj. HYB/HAI 0<<<< prbvhjas f obrcfk fgj ughvarsfk stfgjfrj obr brnfghzfbgs saaehgn tb mfva tmahr sarvhia cfgfnacagt ifpf`hkhas fujhtaj fgj iaraj. ^mhka HYB/HAI 0<<<< hs f stfgjfrj tb à fimhavaj fgj cfhgtfhgaj, HZHK bars f `bjy bo egbwkajna usaouk obr fimhavhgn tma stfgjfrj. Hg 0<<>, tma saibgj cfdbr raorasm bo HZHK wfs © Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

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pu`khsmaj hg raspbgsa tb shnghifgt fjvfgiacagts hg taimgbkbny fgj acarnhgn imfkkagnas obr HZ sarvhia prbvhjars. Gaw cbjaks fgj frimhtaituras suim fs butsburihgn, smfraj sarvhias, ukhty ibcpugn, ikbuj ibcpugn, vhrtufkhzfbg, wa` sarvhias fgj cb`hka ibccaria mfva àibca whjasprafj whtmhg HZ. Zma prbiass-`fsaj fpprbfim bo HZHK wfs funcagtaj whtm tma sarvhia khoaiyika tb fjjrass tmasa fjjhbgfk sarvhia cfgfnacagt imfkkagnas. Hg 0<66, fs pfrt bo hts ibcchtcagt tb ibggufk hcprbvacagt, tma If`hgat Bia pu`khsmaj tmhs upjfta tb hcprbva ibgshstagiy firbss tma ibra pu`khifbgs. Zma HZHK orfcawbre hs `fsaj bg tma va stfnas bo tma sarvhia khoaiyika whtm f ibra pu`khifbg prbvhjhgn àst-prfiia nuhjfgia obr afim stfna. Zmhs nuhjfgia hgikujas eay prhgihpkas, raquhraj prbiassas fgj fivhas, brnfghzfbg fgj rbkas, taimgbkbny, fssbihftaj imfkkagnas, irhifk suiiass ofitbrs fgj rhses. Zma sarvhia khoaiyika usas f mu`-fgj-spbea jashng, whtm sarvhia strftany ft tma mu`, fgj sarvhia jashng, trfgshbg fgj bparfbg fs tma ravbkvhgn khoaiyika stfnas br ”spbeas‘. Ibggufk sarvhia hcprbvacagt surrbugjs fgj suppbrts fkk stfnas bo tma sarvhia khoaiyika. Afim stfna bo tma khoaiyika axarts hguagia bg tma btmars fgj rakhas bg tmac obr hgputs fgj oaaj`fie. Hg tmhs wfy, f ibgstfgt sat bo imaies fgj `fkfgias tmrbunmbut tma sarvhia khoaiyika agsuras tmft fs ùshgass jacfgj imfgnas whtm ùshgass gaaj, tma sarvhias ifg fjfpt fgj raspbgj aaivaky. Hg fjjhbg tb tma ibra pu`khifbgs, tmara hs fksb f ibcpkacagtfry sat bo HZHK pu`khifbgs prbvhjhgn nuhjfgia spaihi tb hgjustry saitbrs, brnfghzfbg typas, bparfgn cbjaks fgj taimgbkbny frimhtaituras.

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Yarvhia Ytrftany ’ \urpbsa fgj B`daivas \urpbsa Zma purpbsa bo tma sarvhia strftany stfna bo tma sarvhia khoaiyika hs tb jaga tma parspaiva, pbshbg, pkfgs fgj pfargs tmft f sarvhia prbvhjar gaajs tb à f`ka tb axaiuta tb caat fg brnfghzfbg‘s ùshgass butibcas.

B`daivas 

Fg ugjarstfgjhgn bo wmft strftany hs



F ikafr hjagifbg bo tma jaghbg bo sarvhias fgj tma iustbcars wmb usa tmac

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Zma f`hkhty tb jaga mbw vfkua hs iraftaj fgj jakhvaraj

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F cafgs tb hjagoy bppbrtughas tb prbvhja sarvhias fgj mbw tb axpkbht tmac

Yarvhia Ytrftany ’ \urpbsa fgj B`daivas Zma purpbsa bo tma sarvhia strftany stfna bo tma sarvhia khoaiyika hs tb jaga tma

parspaiva, pbshbg, pkfgs fgj pfargs tmft f sarvhia prbvhjar gaajs tb à f`ka tb axaiuta tb caat fg brnfghzfbg‘s ùshgass butibcas. Zma b`daivas bo sarvhia strftany hgikuja prbvhjhgn4 

Fg ugjarstfgjhgn bo wmft strftany hs.

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F ikafr hjagifbg bo tma jaghbg bo sarvhias fgj tma iustbcars wmb usa tmac.

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Zma f`hkhty tb jaga mbw vfkua hs iraftaj fgj jakhvaraj.

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F cafgs tb hjagoy bppbrtughas tb prbvhja sarvhias fgj mbw tb axpkbht tmac.


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F ikafr sarvhia prbvhshbg cbjak, tmft friukftas mbw sarvhias whkk à jakhvaraj fgj ougjaj, fgj tb wmbc tmay whkk à jakhvaraj fgj obr wmft purpbsa.

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Zma cafgs tb ugjarstfgj tma brnfghzfbgfk ifpf`hkhty raquhraj tb jakhvar tma strftany.

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Jbiucagtfbg fgj ibbrjhgfbg bo mbw sarvhia fssats fra usaj tb jakhvar sarvhias, fgj mbw tb bpchza tmahr parobrcfgia.

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\rbiassas tmft jaga tma strftany bo tma brnfghzfbg, wmhim sarvhias whkk fimhava tma strftany, wmft kavak bo hgvastcagt whkk à raquhraj, ft wmft kavaks bo jacfgj fgj tma cafgs tb agsura f wbrehgn rakfbgsmhp axhsts àtwaag tma iustbcar fgj sarvhia prbvhjar.


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Yarvhia Ytrftany ’ Yibpa Yibpa4 Yarvhia Ytrftany hs hgtagjaj obr usa `y `btm hgtargfk fgj axtargfk sarvhia prbvhjars, fgj hgikujas nuhjfgia obr brnfghzfbgs wmhim fra raquhraj tb bar HZ sarvhias fs f prbtf`ka ùshgass, fs wakk fs tmbsa wmhim fra raquhraj tb bar HZ sarvhias tb btmar ùshgass ughts whtmhg tma sfca brnfghzfbg ’ ft gb prbt.

Zwb fspaits bo strftany fra4 

Jaghgn f strftany wmara`y f sarvhia prbvhjar whkk jakhvar sarvhias tb caat f iustbcars ùshgass butibcas.



Jaghgn f strftany obr mbw tb cfgfna tmbsa sarvhias.

Yarvhia Ytrftany ’ Yibpa Yibpa4 HZHK Yarvhia Ytrftany stfrts `y jaghgn fgj jhsiusshgn tma nagarhi prhgihpkas fgj

prbiassas bo sarvhia cfgfnacagt, fgj tmasa nagarhi prhgihpkas fra tmag fppkhaj ibgshstagtky tb tma cfgfnacagt bo HZ sarvhias. Zmhs hgtagjaj obr usa `y `btm hgtargfk fgj axtargfk sarvhia prbvhjars, fgj hgikujas nuhjfgia obr brnfghzfbgs wmhim fra raquhraj tb bar HZ sarvhias fs f prbtf`ka ùshgass, fs wakk fs tmbsa wmhim fra raquhraj tb bar HZ sarvhias tb btmar ùshgass ughts whtmhg tma sfca brnfghzfbg ’ ft gb prbt. Zwb fspaits bo strftany fra ibvaraj hg HZHK Yarvhia Ytrftany4 

Jaghgn f strftany wmara`y f sarvhia prbvhjar whkk jakhvar sarvhias tb caat f iustbcar‘s ùshgass butibcas.

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Jaghgn f strftany obr mbw tb cfgfna tmbsa sarvhias.


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Yarvhia Ytrftany ’ _fkua tb @ushgass Fjbpgn hcpkacaggn stfgjfrj fgj ibgshstagt fpprbfimas obr sarvhiafgj strftany whkk4 Yuppbrt tma f`hkhty tb khgefivhas parobrcaj `y tma sarvhia prbvhjar tb butibcas tmft fra irhifk tb hgtargfk br axtargfk iustbcars.

Agf`ka tma sarvhia prbvhjar tb mfva f ikafr ugjarstfgjhgn bo wmft typas fgj kavaks bo sarvhia whkk cfea hts iustbcars suiiassouk fgj tmag brnfghza htsako bpcfkky tb jakhvar fgj suppbrt tmbsa sarvhias. Agf`ka tma sarvhia prbvhjar tb raspbgj quhieky fgj aaivaky tb imfgnas hg tma ùshgass agvhrbgcagt, agsurhgn hgirafsaj ibcpava fjvfgtfna bvar ca.

Yarvhia Ytrftany ’ _fkua tb @ushgass _fkua tb ùshgass4 Yakaign fgj fjbpgn tma àst prfiia fs raibccagjaj hg tmhs pu`khifbg

whkk fsshst brnfghzfbgs hg jakhvarhgn shnghifgt àgats. Fjbpgn fgj hcpkacaggn stfgjfrj fgj ibgshstagt fpprbfimas obr sarvhia strftany whkk4 

Yuppbrt tma f`hkhty tb khge fivhas parobrcaj `y tma sarvhia prbvhjar tb butibcas tmft fra irhifk tb hgtargfk br axtargfk iustbcars. Fs f rasukt, tma sarvhia prbvhjar whkk à saag tb à ibgtrhùgn tb tma vfkua (fgj gbt dust tma ibsts) bo tma brnfghzfbg.



Agf`ka tma sarvhia prbvhjar tb mfva f ikafr ugjarstfgjhgn bo wmft typas fgj kavaks bo sarvhia whkk cfea hts iustbcars suiiassouk fgj tmag brnfghza htsako bpcfkky tb jakhvar fgj suppbrt tmbsa sarvhias. Zma sarvhia prbvhjar whkk fimhava tmhs tmrbunm f prbiass bo jaghgn strftanhas fgj sarvhias, agsurhgn f ibgshstagt, rapaftf`ka fpprbfim tb jaghgn mbw vfkua whkk à ùhkt fgj jakhvaraj tmft hs fiiassh`ka tb fkk stfeambkjars.


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Agf`ka tma sarvhia prbvhjar tb raspbgj quhieky fgj aaivaky tb imfgnas hg tma ùshgass agvhrbgcagt, agsurhgn hgirafsaj ibcpava fjvfgtfna.



Yuppbrt tma irafbg fgj cfhgtagfgia bo f pbrbkhb bo qufgaj sarvhias tmft whkk agf`ka tma ùshgass tb fimhava pbshva raturg bg hts hgvastcagt hg sarvhias.



Ofihkhtfta ougibgfk fgj trfgspfragt ibccughifbg àtwaag tma iustbcar fgj tma sarvhia prbvhjar, sb tmft `btm mfva f ibgshstagt ugjarstfgjhgn bo wmft hs raquhraj fgj mbw ht whkk à jakhvaraj.

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\rbvhja tma cafgs obr tma sarvhia prbvhjar tb brnfghza htsako sb tmft ht ifg prbvhja sarvhias hg fg aihagt fgj aaiva cfggar.


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Yarvhia Jashng ’ \urpbsa fgj B`daivas \urpbsa bo tma Yarvhia Jashng Zb jashng HZ sarvhias, tbnatmar whtm tma nbvarghgn HZ prfiias, prbiassas fgj pbkhihas, tb rafkhza tma sarvhia prbvhjars strftany fgj tb ofihkhtfta tma hgtrbjuibg bo tmasa sarvhias hgtb suppbrtaj agvhrbgcagts agsurhgn qufkhty sarvhia jakhvary, iustbcar sfsofibg fgj ibst aaiva sarvhia prbvhshbg.

B`daiva bo Yarvhia Jashng Zb jashng HZ sarvhias sb aaivaky tmft chghcfk hcprbvacagt jurhgn tmahr khoaiyika whkk à raquhraj.

Yarvhia Jashng ’ \urpbsa fgj B`daivas \urpbsa bo sarvhia jashng4 Zb jashng HZ sarvhias, tbnatmar whtm tma nbvarghgn HZ prfiias,

prbiassas fgj pbkhihas, tb rafkhza tma sarvhia prbvhjars strftany fgj tb ofihkhtfta tma hgtrbjuibg bo tmasa sarvhias hgtb suppbrtaj agvhrbgcagts agsurhgn qufkhty sarvhia jakhvary, iustbcar sfsofibg fgj ibst aaiva sarvhia prbvhshbg B`daiva bo Yarvhia Jashng4 Zma b`daiva bo sarvhia jashng hs tb jashng HZ sarvhias sb

aaivaky tmft chghcfk hcprbvacagt jurhgn tmahr khoaiyika whkk à raquhraj. Mbwavar, ibggufk hcprbvacagt smbukj à acàjjaj hg fkk sarvhia jashng fivhas tb agsura tmft sbkubgs fgj jashngs àibca avag cbra aaiva bvar ca, fgj tb hjagoy imfgnhgn tragjs hg tma ùshgass tmft cfy bar hcprbvacagt bppbrtughas. Yarvhia jashng fivhas ifg à parhbjhi br axiapbg `fsaj wmag tmay cfy à trhnnaraj `y f spaihi ùshgass gaaj br avagt.


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Yarvhia Jashng - Yibpa

\rbvhjas nuhjfgia obr tma jashng bo fpprbprhfta fgj hggbvfva HZ sarvhias tb caat iurragt fgj outura fnraaj ùshgass raquhracagts.

Yarvhia jashng agobrias tma prhgihpka tmft tma hghfk Yarvhia Jashng smbukj à jrhvag `y f gucàr bo ofitbrs, hgikujhgn tma ougibgfk raquhracagts, tma raquhracagts whtmhg tma YKFs, tma ùshgass àgats fgj tma bvarfkk jashng ibgstrfhgts. Fiibcpkhsmcagt bo tmhs fivhty jurhgn tma sarvhia jashng stfna whkk agsura cfrnhgfk hssuas frhshgn jurhgn tma stfnas bo tma sarvhia khoa iyika.

Yarvhia Jashng - Yibpa Yibpa4 HZHK sarvhia jashng prbvhjas nuhjfgia obr tma jashng bo fpprbprhfta fgj hggbvfva HZ

sarvhias tb caat iurragt fgj outura fnraaj ùshgass raquhracagts. Ht jasirhàs tma prhgihpkas bo Yarvhia Jashng fgj kbbes ft hjagoyhgn, jaghgn fgj fkhnghgn tma HZ sbkubg whtm tma ùshgass raquhracagts. Ht fksb hgtrbjuias tma ibgiapt bo tma Yarvhia Jashng \fiefna fgj kbbes ft sakaign tma fpprbprhfta Yarvhia Jashng cbjak. Zma pu`khifbg fksb jhsiussas tma ougjfcagtfks bo tma jashng prbiassas fgj tma va fspaits bo tma jashng. Yarvhia jashng agobrias tma prhgihpka tmft tma hghfk Yarvhia Jashng smbukj à jrhvag `y f gucàr bo ofitbrs, hgikujhgn tma ougibgfk raquhracagts, tma raquhracagts whtmhg tma Yarvhia Kavak Fnraacagts (YKFs), tma ùshgass àgats fgj tma bvarfkk jashng ibgstrfhgts. Zmasa prbiassas fra ukhzaj `y fkk btmar stfnas bo tma Yarvhia Khoaiyika, fgj btmar prbiassas fra tfeag hgtb fiibugt `y Yarvhia Jashng. Mbwavar, ht hs mara tmft Jashng Ibbrjhgfbg, Yarvhia


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Iftfkbnua Cfgfnacagt5 Yarvhia Kavak Cfgfnacagt, Ifpfihty Cfgfnacagt, Fvfhkf`hkhty Cfgfnacagt, HZ Yarvhia Ibgguhty Cfgfnacagt, Hgobrcfbg Yaiurhty Cfgfnacagt fgj Yuppkhar Cfgfnacagt. Fkk prbiassas whtmhg tma sarvhia khoaiyika cust à khgeaj ikbsaky tbnatmar obr cfgfnhgn, jashnghgn, suppbrgn fgj cfhgtfhghgn tma sarvhias, tma HZ hgorfstruitura, tma agvhrbgcagt, tma fppkhifbg fgj tma jftf.


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Yarvhia Jashng - _fkua tb @ushgass Zma obkkbwhgn àgats rasukt orbc nbbj Yarvhia Jashng prfiia4

Pajuiaj Zbtfk Ibst bo Bwgarsmhp (ZIB) Hcprbvaj qufkhty bo sarvhia Hcprbvaj ibgshstagiy bo sarvhia

Afshar hcpkacagtfbg bo gaw br imfgnaj sarvhias Hcprbva sarvhia fkhngcagt

Hcprbva sarvhia parobrcfgia

Yarvhia Jashng - _fkua tb @ushgass Yakaign fgj fjbpgn tma àst prfiia fs raibccagjaj hg tmhs pu`khifbg whkk fsshst brnfghzfbgs hg jakhvarhgn shnghifgt àgats. ^htm nbbj sarvhia jashng, ht hs pbssh`ka tb jakhvar qufkhty, ibst-aaiva sarvhias fgj tb agsura tmft tma ùshgass raquhracagts fra àhgn cat ibgshstagtky. Fjbpgn fgj hcpkacaggn stfgjfrj fgj ibgshstagt fpprbfimas obr sarvhia jashng whkk4 

Pajuiaj Zbtfk Ibst bo Bwgarsmhp (ZIB)4ibst bo bwgarsmhp ifg bgky à chghchzaj ho fkk fspaits bo sarvhias, prbiassas fgj taimgbkbny fra jashngaj prbparky fgj hcpkacagtaj fnfhgst tma jashng

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Hcprbvaj ibgshstagiy bo sarvhia4 fs sarvhias fra jashngaj whtmhg tma ibrpbrfta strftany, frimhtaituras fgj ibgstrfhgts


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

Afshar hcpkacagtfbg bo gaw br imfgnaj sarvhias4 fs tmara hs hgtanrftaj fgj oukk Yarvhia Jashng fgj tma prbjuibg bo ibcpramagshva YJ\s

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Hcprbvaj sarvhia fkhngcagt4 hgvbkvacagt orbc tma ibgiapbg bo tma sarvhia, agsurhgn tmft gaw br imfgnaj sarvhias cftim ùshgass gaajs, whtm sarvhias jashngaj tb caat

Yarvhia Kavak Paquhracagts 

Cbra aaiva sarvhia parobrcfgia4 whtm hgibrpbrfbg fgj raibnghbg bo Ifpfihty, Ohgfgihfk Fvfhkf`hkhty fgj HZ Yarvhia Ibgguhty \kfgs

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Hcprbvaj HZ nbvargfgia4 fsshst whtm tma hcpkacagtfbg fgj ibccughifbg bo f sat bo ibgtrbks obr aaiva nbvargfgia bo HZ

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Cbra aaiva Yarvhia Cfgfnacagt fgj HZ prbiassas4 prbiassas whkk à jashngaj whtm bpcfk qufkhty fgj ibst-aaivagass

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Hcprbvaj hgobrcfbg fgj jaihshbg-cfehgn4 cbra ibcpramagshva fgj aaiva cafsuracagts fgj catrhis whkk agf`ka àar jaihshbg-cfehgn fgj ibggufk hcprbvacagt bo Yarvhia Cfgfnacagt prfiias hg tma jashng stfna bo tma Yarvhia Khoaiyika.

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Hcprbva qufkhty bo sarvhia4 @btm sarvhia fgj bparfbgfk qufkhty whkk à agmfgiaj tmrbunm sarvhias tmft fra àar jashngaj tb caat tma raquhraj butibcas bo tma iustbcar.

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Hcprbva fkhngcagt whtm iustbcar vfkuas fgj strftanhas4 Obr brnfghzfbgs whtm ibcchtcagts tb ibgiapts suim fs nraag HZ br tmft astf`khsm strftanhas suim fs tma usa bo ikbuj taimgbkbnhas, sarvhia jashng whkk agsura tmft fkk frafs bo sarvhias fgj sarvhia cfgfnacagt fra fkhngaj whtm tmasa vfkuas fgj strftanhas.


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Yarvhia Zrfgshbg ’ \urpbsa fgj B`daivas

\urpbsa Zb agsura tmft gaw, cbjhohaj br rathraj sarvhias caat tma axpaitfthbgs bo tma ùshgass fs jbiucagtaj hg tma sarvhia strftany fgj sarvhia jashng stfnas bo tma Khoaiyik a.

B`daithvas 

\kfg fgj cfgfna sarvhia imfgnas aihagtky fgj aaivaky.



Cfgfna rhses rakftaj tb gaw, imfgnaj br raraj sarvhias.

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Agsura tmft sarvhia imfgnas irafta tma axpaitaj ùshgass vfkua.

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Yuiiassoukky japkby sarvhia rakafsas hgtb suppbrtaj agvhrbgcagts.

Yarvhia Zrfgshbg ’ \urpbsa fgj B`daivas \urpbsa fgj b`daivas bo sarvhia Zrfgshbg4 Zma purpbsa bo tma sarvhia trfgshbg stfna bo

tma sarvhia khoaiyika hs tb agsura tmft gaw, cbjhaj br raraj sarvhias caat tma axpaitfbgs bo tma ùshgass fs jbiucagtaj hg tma sarvhia strftany fgj sarvhia jashng stfnas bo tma khoaiyika. Zma b`daivas bo sarvhia trfgshbg fra tb4 

\kfg fgj cfgfna sarvhia imfgnas aihagtky fgj aaivaky

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Cfgfna rhses rakfgn tb gaw, imfgnaj br raraj sarvhias

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Yuiiassoukky japkby sarvhia rakafsas hgtb suppbrtaj agvhrbgcagts

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Yat ibrrait axpaitfbgs bg tma parobrcfgia fgj usa bo gaw br imfgnaj sarvhias


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Agsura tmft sarvhia imfgnas irafta tma axpaitaj ùshgass vfkua

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\rbvhja nbbj-qufkhty egbwkajna fgj hgobrcfbg f`but sarvhias fgj sarvhia fssats.

Hg brjar tb fimhava tmasa b`daivas, tmara fra cfgy tmhgns tmft gaaj tb mfppag jurhgn tma sarvhia trfgshbg khoaiyika stfna. Zmasa hgikuja4 

\kfgghgn fgj cfgfnhgn tma ifpfihty fgj rasburias raquhraj tb cfgfna sarvhia trfgshbgs

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Hcpkacaggn f rhnbrbus orfcawbre obr avfkufgn sarvhia ifpf`hkhas fgj rhse prbkas àobra gaw br imfgnaj sarvhias fra japkbyaj

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Astf`khsmhgn fgj cfhgtfhghgn tma hgtanrhty bo sarvhia fssats

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\rbvhjhgn aihagt rapaftf`ka caimfghscs obr ùhkjhgn, tasgn fgj japkbyhgn sarvhias fgj rakafsas

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Agsurhgn tmft sarvhias ifg à cfgfnaj, bparftaj fgj suppbrtaj hg fiibrjfgia whtm ibgstrfhgts spaihaj jurhgn tma sarvhia jashng stfna bo tma sarvhia khoaiyika.


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Yarvhia Zrfgshbg - Yibpa Yibpa \rbvhjas nuhjfgia obr tma javakbpcagt fgj hcprbvacagt bo ifpf`hkhthas obr trfgshthbghgn gaw fgj imfgnaj sarvhias hgtb suppbrtaj agvhrbgcagts, hgikujhgn rakafsa pkfgghgn, ùhkjhgn, tasthgn, avfkufthbg fgj japkbycagt.

Ibgshjarfthbg hs nhvag tb 

Cfgfnhgn tma ibcpkaxhty fssbihftaj whtm imfgnas tb sarvhias fgj sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas

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Fkkbwhgn obr hggbvfbg ibgsaquagias bo imfgna

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wmhka

chghchzhgn

tma

ughgtagjaj

Hgtrbjuihgn gaw sarvhias

Yarvhia Zrfgshbg - Yibpa Yibpa4 YZ prbvhjas nuhjfgia obr tma javakbpcagt fgj hcprbvacagt bo ifpf`hkhas obr

trfgshbghgn gaw fgj imfgnaj sarvhias hgtb tma prbjuibg agvhrbgcagt, hgikujhgn rakafsa pkfgghgn ùhkjhgn, tasgn, avfkufbg fgj japkbycagt. Zma nuhjfgia obiusas bg mbw tb agsura tma raquhracagts bo Yarvhia Ytrftanhas, sat but hg Yarvhia Jashng, fra aaivaky rafkhzaj hg Yarvhia Bparfbgs wmhka ibgtrbkkhgn tma rhses bo ofhkura fgj jhsrupbg. Ibgshjarfbg hs nhvag tb4 

Cfgfnhgn tma ibcpkaxhty fssbihftaj whtm imfgnas tb sarvhias fgj Yarvhia Cfgfnacagt prbiassas

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Fkkbwhgn obr hggbvfbg wmhka chghchzhgn tma ughgtagjaj ibgsaquagias bo imfgna

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Zma hgtrbjuibg bo gaw sarvhias


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Imfgnas tb axhsgn sarvhias, a.n. axpfgshbg, rajuibg, imfgna bo suppkhar, fiquhshbg br jhspbsfk bo saibgs bo usar `fsa br suppkhars, imfgna bo raquhracagts br sehkks fvfhkf`hkhty

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Ja-ibcchsshbghgn fgj jhsibggufbg bo sarvhias, fppkhifbgs br btmar sarvhia ibcpbgagts

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Zrfgsoar bo sarvhias tb fgj orbc btmar sarvhia prbvhjars.

Nuhjfgia bg trfgsoarrhgn tma ibgtrbk bo sarvhias hgikujas trfgsoar hg tma obkkbwhgn ihriucstfgias4 

But tb f gaw suppkhar, a.n. butsburihgn, b-smbrhgn

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Orbc bga suppkhar tb fgbtmar

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@fie hg orbc f suppkhar, a.n. hgsburihgn

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Zb br orbc fg axtargfk sarvhia prbvhjar

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Cbvhgn tb f smfraj sarvhia prbvhshbg (a.n. pfrfk butsburia bo sbca prbiassas)

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Cukpka suppkhars, a.n. scfrt-sburihgn

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Dbhgt vagtura

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\frtgarhgn

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Jbwg-shzhgn, up-shzhgn (rhnmt-shzhgn)

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Carnar fgj fiquhshbg.

Hg rafkhty, ihriucstfgias nagarfta f ibc`hgfbg bo savarfk bo tma f`bva bpbgs ft fgy bga ca fgj hg fgy bga shtufbg. Zma sibpa fksb hgikujas tma trfgshbg bo imfgnas hg tma sarvhia prbvhjar‘s sarvhia cfgfnacagt ifpf`hkhas tmft whkk hcpfit bg tma wfys bo wbrehgn, tma brnfghzfbg, pabpka, prbdaits fgj tmhrj pfras hgvbkvaj hg sarvhia cfgfnacagt.


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Yarvhia Zrfgshbg - _fkua tb @ushgass Fjbpgn fgj hcpkacaggn stfgjfrj fgj ibgshstagt fpprbfimas obr sarvhia trfgshbg whkk4

Agf`ka prbdaits tb ascfta tma ibst, chgn, rasburia raquhracagt fgj rhses fssbihftaj whtm tma YZ stfna cbra praihsaky Pasukt hg mhnmar vbkucas bo suiiassouk imfgna

Afshar obr pabpka tb fjbpt fgj obkkbw Agsura tmft gaw br imfgnaj sarvhias whkk à cfhgtfhgf`ka fgj ibst-aaiva Hcprbva ibgtrbk bo sarvhia fssats fgj ibgnurfbgs.

_fkua tb ùshgass4 Yakaign fgj fjbpgn tma àst prfiias hg tmhs pu`khifbg whkk fsshst brnfghzfbgs hg jakhvarhgn shnghifgt àgats. Ht whkk makp rafjars tb sat up sarvhia trfgshbg fgj tma prbiassas tmft suppbrt ht, fgj tb cfea aaiva usa bo tmbsa prbiassas tb ofihkhtfta tma aaiva trfgshbghgn bo gaw, imfgnaj br jaibcchsshbgaj sarvhias. Fjbpgn fgj hcpkacaggn stfgjfrj fgj ibgshstagt fpprbfimas obr Yarvhia Zrfgshbg whkk4 

Agf`ka prbdaits tb ascfta tma ibst, chgn, rasburia raquhracagt fgj rhses fssbihftaj whtm tma Yarvhia Zrfgshbg stfna cbra fiiurftaky.



Pasukt hg mhnmar vbkucas bo suiiassouk imfgna.

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@a afshar obr pabpka tb fjbpt fgj obkkbw.


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Agf`ka Yarvhia Zrfgshbg fssats tb à smfraj fgj ra-usaj firbss prbdaits fgj sarvhias.

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Pajuia jakfys orbc ugaxpaitaj ikfsmas fgj japagjagihas, a.n. hg tast agvhrbgcagts.

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Pajuia tma abrt spagt bg cfgfnhgn tma Yarvhia Zrfgshbg tast fgj phkbt agvhrbgcagts.

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Hcprbva axpaitfbg sagn obr fkk stfeambkjars hgvbkvaj hg Yarvhia Zrfgshbg hgikujhgn iustbcars, usars, suppkhars, pfrtgars fgj prbdaits.

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Hgirafsa ibgjagia tmft tma gaw br imfgnaj sarvhia ifg à jakhvaraj tb spaihifbg whtmbut ugaxpaitajky faign btmar sarvhias br stfeambkjars.

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Agsura tmft gaw br imfgnaj sarvhias whkk à cfhgtfhgf`ka fgj ibst aaiva.

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Hcprbva ibgtrbk bo sarvhia fssats fgj ibgnurfbgs.


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Yarvhia Bparfbg ’ \urpbsa fgj B`daivas \urpbsa 

Zb ibbrjhgfta fgj ifrry but tma fivhas fgj prbiassas raquhraj tb jakhvar fgj cfgfna sarvhias ft fnraaj kavaks tb ùshgass usars fgj iustbcars.



Bgnbhgn cfgfnacagt bo tma taimgbkbny tmft hs usaj tb jakhvar fgj suppbrt sarvhias.

B`daithvas 

Cfhgtfhg ùshgass sfsofibg fgj ibgjagia hg HZ tmrbunm aaiva fgj aihagt jakhvary fgj suppbrt bo fnraaj HZ sarvhia.



Chghchza tma hcpfit bo sarvhia butfna bg jfys-tb-jfys ùshgass fivhas.

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Agsura tmft fiiass tb fnraaj HZ sarvhias hs bgky prbvhjaj tb tmbsa futmbrhzaj tb raiahva tmbsa sarvhias.

Yarvhia Bparfbg ’ \urpbsa fgj B`daivas \urpbsa4 Zma purpbsa bo Yarvhia Bparfbg hs tb ibbrjhgfta fgj ifrry but tma fivhas

fgj prbiassas raquhraj tb jakhvar fgj cfgfna sarvhias ft fnraaj kavaks tb ùshgass usars fgj iustbcars. Yarvhia Bparfbg hs fksb raspbgsh`ka obr tma bgnbhgn cfgfnacagt bo tma taimgbkbny tmft hs usaj tb jakhvar fgj suppbrt sarvhias. âkk-jashngaj fgj wakk-hcpkacagtaj prbiassas whkk à bo khka vfkua ho tma jfy-tbjfy bparfbg bo tmbsa prbiassas hs gbt prbparky ibgjuitaj, ibgtrbkkaj fgj cfgfnaj. Gbr whkk sarvhia hcprbvacagts à pbssh`ka ho jfy-tb-jfy fivhas tb cbghtbr parobrcfgia, fssass catrhis fgj nftmar jftf fra gbt systacfifkky ibgjuitaj jurhgn Yarvhia Bparfbg. Ytf hgvbkvaj hg tma sarvhia bparfbg stfna bo tma sarvhia khoaiyika smbukj mfva prbiassas fgj suppbrt tbbks hg pkfia tmft fkkbw tmac tb mfva fg bvarfkk vhaw bo sarvhia bparfbg fgj jakhvary (rftmar tmfg dust tma sapfrfta ibcpbgagts, suim fs mfrjwfra, sbwfra fppkhifbgs


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fgj gatwbres, tmft cfea up tma agj-tb-agj sarvhia orbc f ùshgass parspaiva). Zmasa prbiassas fgj tbbks smbukj fksb jatait fgy tmrafts br ofhkuras tb sarvhia qufkhty. Fs sarvhias cfy à prbvhjaj, hg wmbka br hg pfrt, `y bga br cbra pfrtgar/suppkhar brnfghzfbgs, tma sarvhia bparfbg vhaw bo tma agj-tb-agj sarvhia smbukj à axtagjaj tb agibcpfss axtargfk fspaits bo sarvhia prbvhshbg. ^mag gaiassfry, smfraj br hgtarofihgn prbiassas fgj tbbks smbukj à japkbyaj tb cfgfna irbss-brnfghzfbgfk wbrebws.


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Yarvhia Bparfbg - Yibpa

Zma nuhjfgia prbvhjaj `y Yarvhia 

Zma Yarvhias Zmacsakvas

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Yarvhia Cfgfnacagt \rbiassas

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Zaimgbkbny



\abpka

Bparft hbg hgikujas4

Yarvhia Bparfbg ’ \urpbsa fgj B`daivas Yibpa4 HZHK Yarvhia Bparfbg jasirhàs tma prbiassas, ougibgs, brnfghzfbg fgj tbbks usaj

tb ugjarphg tma bgnbhgn fivhas raquhraj tb jakhvar fgj suppbrt sarvhias. 

Zma sarvhias tmacsakvas4 Fivhas tmft obrc pfrt bo f sarvhia fra hgikujaj hg sarvhia bparfbg, wmatmar ht hs parobrcaj `y tma sarvhia prbvhjar, fg axtargfk suppkhar br tma usar br iustbcar bo tmft sarvhia.



Yarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas4 Zma bgnbhgn cfgfnacagt fgj axaiubg bo tma cfgy sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas tmft fra parobrcaj hg sarvhia bparfbg. Avag tmbunm

f gucàr bo HZHK prbiassas (suim fs imfgna fgj ifpfihty cfgfnacagt) brhnhgfta ft tma sarvhia jashng br sarvhia trfgshbg stfna bo tma sarvhia khoaiyika, tmay fra hg usa ibggufkky hg sarvhia bparfbg. Ybca prbiassas fra gbt hgikujaj spaihifkky hg sarvhia bparfbg, suim fs strftany cfgfnacagt obr HZ sarvhias fgj tma fitufk jashng prbiass htsako. Zmasa


>6



prbiassas obius cbra bg kbgnar tarc pkfgghgn fgj hcprbvacagt fivhas, wmhim fra butshja tma jhrait sibpa bo sarvhia bparfbg5 mbwavar, sarvhia bparfbg prbvhjas hgput fgj hguagias tmasa prbiassas ranukfrky fs pfrt bo tma khoaiyika bo sarvhia cfgfnacagt. 

Zaimgbkbny4 Fkk sarvhias raquhra sbca obrc bo taimgbkbny tb jakhvar tmac. Cfgfnhgn

tmhs taimgbkbny hs gbt f sapfrfta hssua, ùt fg hgtanrfk pfrt bo tma cfgfnacagt bo tma sarvhias tmacsakvas. Zmaraobra f kfrna pfrt bo HZHK Yarvhia Bparfbg hs ibgiargaj whtm tma cfgfnacagt bo tma hgorfstruitura usaj tb jakhvar sarvhias. 

\abpka4 Panfrjkass bo wmft sarvhias, prbiassas fgj taimgbkbny fra cfgfnaj, tmay fra fkk f`but pabpka. Ht hs pabpka wmb jrhva tma jacfgj obr tma brnfghzfbg‘s sarvhias fgj prbjuits fgj ht hs pabpka wmb jaihja mbw tmhs whkk à jbga. Qkcftaky, ht hs pabpka wmb cfgfna tma taimgbkbny, prbiassas fgj sarvhias. Ofhkura tb raibnghza tmhs whkk rasukt (fgj mfs rasuktaj) hg tma ofhkura bo sarvhia cfgfnacagt fivhas.


>0



Yarvhia Bparfbg - _fkua tb @ushgass

Fjbpthgn fgj hcpkacagthgn stfgjfrj fgj obr sarvhia bparfthbg whkk

ibgshstagt fpprbfimas



Pajuia ugpkfggaj kf`bur fgj ibsts obr `btm tma ùshgass fgj HZ tmrbunm bpchzaj mfgjkhgn bo sarvhia butfnas fgj hjagifbg bo tmahr rbbt ifusas.



Pajuia tma jurfbg fgj oraquagiy bo sarvhia butfnas wmhim whkk fkkbw tma ùshgass tb tfea oukk fjvfgtfna bo tma vfkua iraftaj `y tma sarvhias tmay fra raiahvhgn.



Caat tma nbfks fgj b`daivas bo tma brnfghzfbg‘ssaiurhty pbkhiy `y agsurhgn tmft HZ sarvhias whkk à fiiassaj bgky `y tmbsa futmbrhzaj tb usa tmac

Yarvhia \rbvhjar fgj HZ Yarvhia \rbvhjar _fkua tb ùshgass4 Yakaign fgj fjbpgn tma àst prfiia fs raibccagjaj hg tmhs pu`khifbg

whkk fsshst brnfghzfbgs hg jakhvarhgn shnghifgt àgats. Fjbpgn fgj hcpkacaggn stfgjfrj fgj ibgshstagt fpprbfimas obr sarvhia bparfbg whkk4 

Pajuia ugpkfggaj kf`bur fgj ibsts obr `btm tma ùshgass fgj HZ tmrbunm bpchzaj mfgjkhgn bo sarvhia butfnas fgj hjagifbg bo tmahr rbbt ifusas.



Pajuia tma jurfbg fgj oraquagiy bo sarvhia butfnas wmhim whkk fkkbw tma ùshgass tb tfea oukk fjvfgtfna bo tma vfkua iraftaj `y tma sarvhias tmay fra raiahvhgn.



\rbvhja bparfbgfk rasukts fgj jftf tmft ifg à usaj `y btmar HZHK prbiassas tb hcprbva sarvhias ibggufkky fgj prbvhja dusifbg obr hgvasgn hg bgnbhgn sarvhia hcprbvacagt fivhas fgj suppbrgn taimgbkbnhas.


>9





Caat tma nbfks fgj b`daivas bo tma brnfghzfbg‘s saiurhty pbkhiy `y agsurhgn tmft HZ sarvhias whkk à fiiassaj bgky `y tmbsa futmbrhzaj tb usa tmac.



\rbvhja quhie fgj aaiva fiiass tb stfgjfrj sarvhias wmhim ùshgass stf ifg usa tb hcprbva tmahr prbjuivhty br tma qufkhty bo ùshgass sarvhias fgj prbjuits.



\rbvhja f `fshs obr futbcftaj bparfbgs, tmus hgirafshgn aihagihas fgj fkkbwhgn axpagshva mucfg rasburias tb à usaj obr cbra hggbvfva wbre, suim fs jashnghgn gaw br hcprbvaj ougibgfkhty br jaghgn gaw wfys hg wmhim tma ùshgass ifg axpkbht taimgbkbny obr hgirafsaj ibcpava fjvfgtfna.


>:



Ibggufk sarvhia Hcprbvacagt - \urpbsa Zma purpbsa bo IYH hs tb HZ sarvhias whtm imfgnhgn ùshgass gaajs `y hjagoyhgn fgj hcpkacaggn hcprbvacagts tb HZ sarvhias tmft suppbrt ùshgass prbiassas. IYH hs fkwfys saaehgn wfys tb hcprbva sarvhia aaivagass, prbiass aaivagass fgj ibst aaivagass.

Cafsuracagt bo parobrcfgia hs hcpbrtfgt ofitbr, ibgshjar tma obkkbwhgn sfyhgns f`but cafsuracagt fgj cfgfnacagt4

Xbu ifggbt cfgfna wmft ybu ifggbt ibgtrbk.

Xbu ifggbt ibgtrbk wmft ybu ifggbt cafsura.

Xbu ifggbt cafsura wmft ybu ifggbt jaga.

Hgtargfk fgj Axtargfk Yarvhias Zma purpbsa fgj b`daivas bo IYH4 Zma purpbsa bo IYH hs tb HZ sarvhias whtm imfgnhgn ùshgass

gaajs `y hjagoyhgn fgj hcpkacaggn hcprbvacagts tb HZ sarvhias tmft suppbrt ùshgass prbiassas. Zmasa hcprbvacagt fivhas suppbrt tma khoaiyika fpprbfim tmrbunm Yarvhia Ytrftany, Yarvhia Jashng, Yarvhia Zrfgshbg fgj Yarvhia Bparfbg. IYH hs fkwfys saaehgn wfys tb hcprbva sarvhia aaivagass, prbiass aaivagass fgj ibst aaivagass. Ibgshjar tma obkkbwhgn sfyhgn f`but cafsuracagts fgj cfgfnacagt4 

Xbu ifggbt cfgfna wmft ybu ifggbt ibgtrbk.



Xbu ifggbt ibgtrbk wmft ybu ifggbt cafsura.



Xbu ifggbt cafsura wmft ybu ifggbt jaga.


>1



Ho sarvhia fgj prbiassas fra gbt hcpkacagtaj, cfgfnaj fgj suppbrtaj ushgn ikafrky jagaj nbfks, b`daivas fgj rakavfgt cafsuracagts tmft kafj tb fibgf`ka hcprbvacagts, tma ùshgass whkk suar. Japagjhgn upbg tma irhifkhty bo f spaihi HZ sarvhia tb tma ùshgass, tma brnfghzfbg ibukj kbsa prbjuiva mburs, axparhagia mhnmar ibsts, kbss bo raputfbg br, parmfps, avag f ùshgass ofhkura. Zmft hs wmy ht hs irhifkky hcpbrtfgt tb ugjarstfgj wmft tb cafsura, wmy ht hs àhgn cafsuraj fgj wmft tma suiiassouk butibca smbukj à.


>?



Ibggufk sarvhia Hcprbvacagt - B`daivas B`daivas4 Pavhaw fgj fgfkysa Yarvhia Kavak Fimhavacagt rasukts.

Hjagoy fgj hcpkacagt hgjhvhjufk fivhas tb hcprbva HZ sarvhia qufkhty fgj hcprbva tma aihagiy fgj aaivagass bo agf`khgn HZYC prbiassas. Hcprbva ibst aaivagass bo jakhvarhgn HZ sarvhias whtmbut sfirhihgn iustbcar sfsofibg. Agsura fppkhif`ka qufkhty cfgfnacagt catmbjs fra usaj tb suppbrt ibggufk hcprbvacagt fivhas.

Agsura tmft prbiassas mfva ikafrky jagaj b`daivas fgj cafsuracagts tmft kafjs tb fibgf`ka hcprbvacagt.

Ibggufk sarvhia Hcprbvacagt - B`daivas4 

Pavhaw, fgfkysa fgj cfea raibccagjfbgs bg hcprbvacagt bppbrtughas hg afim khoaiyika pmfsa4 Yarvhia Ytrftany, Yarvhia Jashng, Yarvhia Zrfgshbg fgj Yarvhia Bparfbg.



Pavhaw fgj fgfkysa Yarvhia Kavak Fimhavacagt rasukts.



Hjagoy fgj hcpkacagt hgjhvhjufk fivhas tb hcprbva HZ sarvhia qufkhty fgj hcprbva tma aihagiy fgj aaivagass bo agf`khgn HZYC prbiassas.



Hcprbva ibst aaivagass bo jakhvarhgn HZ sarvhias whtmbut sfirhihgn iustbcar sfsofibg.


>>





Agsura fppkhif`ka qufkhty cfgfnacagt catmbjs fra usaj tb suppbrt ibggufk hcprbvacagt fivhas.



Agsura tmft prbiassas mfva ikafrky jagaj b`daivas fgj cafsuracagts tmft kafjs tb fibgf`ka hcprbvacagt



Qgjarstfgj wmft tb cafsura, wmy ht hs àhgn cafsuraj fgj wmft tma suiiassouk butibca smbukj à.


>=



Ibggufk sarvhia Hcprbvacagt - Yibpa Zmara fra obur cfhg frafs tmft IYH gaajs tb fjjrass4

Zma bvarfkk mafktm bo HZYC fs f jhsihpkhga

Zma ibggufk fkhngcagt bo tma pbrbkhb bo HZ sarvhias whtm tma iurragt fgj outura ùshgass gaajs

Zma cfturhty bo tma agf`khgn HZ prbiassas obr afim sarvhia hg f ibggufk sarvhia khoaiyika cbjak.

Ibggufk hcprbvacagt bo fkk fspaits bo tma HZ sarvhia fgj tma sarvhia fssats tmft suppbrt tmac

Ibggufk sarvhia Hcprbvacagt - Yibpa Yibpa4 HZHK Ibggufk Yarvhia Hcprbvacagt prbvhjas nuhjfgia hg obur cfhg frafs4 

Zma bvarfkk mafktm bo HZYC fs f jhsihpkhga



Zma ibggufk fkhngcagt bo tma pbrbkhb bo HZ sarvhias whtm tma iurragt fgj outura ùshgass gaajs



Zma cfturhty bo tma agf`khgn HZ prbiassas obr afim sarvhia hg f ibggufk sarvhia khoaiyika cbjak.



Ibggufk hcprbvacagt bo fkk fspaits bo tma HZ sarvhia fgj tma sarvhia fssats tmft suppbrt tmac.


>8



Zb hcpkacagt IYH suiiassoukky ht hs hcpbrtfgt tb ugjarstfgj tma jharagt fivhas tmft ifg à fppkhaj tb IYH. Zma obkkbwhgn fivhas suppbrt f ibggufk prbiass hcprbvacagt pkfg4 

Pavhawhgn cfgfnacagt hgobrcfbg fgj tragjs tb agsura tmft sarvhias fra caagn fnraaj sarvhia kavaks



Pavhawhgn cfgfnacagt hgobrcfbg fgj tragjs tb agsura tmft tma butput bo tma agf`khgn HZYC prbiassas fra fimhavhgn tma jashraj rasukts



\arhbjhifkky ibgjuign cfturhty fssasscagts fnfhgst tma prbiass fivhas fgj rbkas fssbihftaj whtm tma prbiass fivhas tb jacbgstrfta frafs bo hcprbvacagt br,ibgvarsaky, frafs bo ibgiarg



\arhbjhifkky ibgjuign hgtargfk fujhts varhoyhgn acpkbyaa fgj prbiass ibcpkhfgia



Pavhawhgn axhsgn jakhvarf`kas obr rakavfgia



Cfehgn fj-mbi raibccagjfbgs obr fpprbvfk



\arhbjhifkky prbpbshgn raibccagjfbgs obr hcprbvacagt bppbrtughas



\arhbjhifkky ibgjuign iustbcar sfsofibg survays



Ibgjuign axtargfk fgj hgtargfk sarvhia ravhaws tb hjagoy IYH bppbrtughas



Cafsuracagts fgj hjagoyhgn tma vfkuas iraftaj `y IYH hcprbvacagts

Zmasa fivhas jb gbt mfppag futbcfifkky. Zmay cust à bwgaj whtmhg tma HZ brnfghzfbg wmhim hs ifpf`ka bo mfgjkhgn tma raspbgsh`hkhty fgj pbssassas tma fpprbprhfta futmbrhty tb cfea tmhgns mfppag. Zmay cust fksb à pkfggaj fgj simajukaj bg fg bgnbhgn `fshs. @y jaofukt, ”hcprbvacagt‘ àibcas f prbiass whtmhg HZ whtm jagaj fivhas, hgputs, butputs, rbkas fgj rapbrgn. IYH cust agsura tmft HZYC prbiassas fra javakbpaj fgj japkbyaj hg suppbrt bo fg agj-tb-agj sarvhia cfgfnacagt fpprbfim tb ùshgass iustbcars. Ht hs assagfk tb javakbp fg bgnbhgn ibggufk hcprbvacagt strftany obr afim bo tma prbiassas fs wakk fs tma sarvhias.


=<



Zma jakhvarf`kas bo IYH cust à ravhawaj bg fg bgnbhgn `fshs tb varhoy ibcpkatagass, ougibgfkhty fgj oafsh`hkhty tb agsura tmft tmay racfhg rakavfgt fgj jb gbt àibca stfka fgj ugusf`ka. Ht hs fksb hcpbrtfgt tb agsura tmft cbghtbrhgn bo qufkhty hgjhiftbrs fgj catrhis whkk hjagoy frafs obr prbiass hcprbvacagt. Yhgia fgy hcprbvacagt hghfva whkk cbra tmfg kheaky gaiasshtfta imfgnas, spaihi hcprbvacagts whkk gaaj tb obkkbw tma jagaj HZHK Imfgna Cfgfnacagt prbiass


=6



_fkua IYH \rbvhja tb @ushgass Fjbpthgn fgj hcpkacagthgn stfgjfrjs fgj ibgshstagt fpprbfimas obr IYH whkk4 Kafj tb nrfjufk fgj ibggufk hcprbvacagt hg sarvhia qufkhty, wmara dusaj

Agsura tmft HZ sarvhia racfhg ibggubusky fkhngaj tb ùshgass raquhracagts Pasukt hg nrfjufk hcprbvacagt hgibst aaivagass tmrbunm tma rajuibg hg ibsts fgj / br tma ifpf`hkhty tb mfgjka cbra wbre ft tma sfca ca.

_fkua IYH \rbvhja tb @ushgass _fkua tb ùshgass4 Yakaign fgj fjbpgn tma àst prfiia fs raibccagjaj whkk fsshst brnfghzfbg hg jakhvarhgn shnghifgt àgats. Ht whkk makp rafjars tb sat up IYH fgj tma prbiass tmft suppbrts ht, fgj tb cfea aaiva usa bo tma prbiass tb ofihkhtfta tma aaiva hcprbvacagt bo sarvhia qufkhty.

Fjbpthgn fgj hcpkacagthgn stfgjfrjs fgj ibgshstagt fpprbfimas obr IYH whkk4 



Kafj tb nrfjufk fgj ibggufk hcprbvacagt hg sarvhia qufkhty, wmara dusaj. Agsura tmft HZ sarvhia racfhg ibggubusky fkhngaj tb ùshgass raquhracagts.


=0





Pasukt hg nrfjufk hcprbvacagt hg ibst fgj / br tma ifpf`hkhty tb mfgjka cbra wbre ft tma sfca ca.



Qsa cbghtbrhgn fgj rapbrgn tb hjagoy bppbrtughas obr hcprbvacagt hg f khoaiyika stfnas fgj hg fkk prbiass.



Hjagoy bppbrtughas obr hcprbvacagts hg brnfghzfbgfk struituras, rasburihgn ifpf`hkhas, pfrtgars, taimgbkbny, stf sehkks fgj trfhghgn, fgj ibccughifbgs.


=9



Yuccfry 

HZ Yarvhia Cfgfnacagt tmft nhva acpmfshs tb tma gaaj fgj shnghifgia bo ibbrjhgfbg fgj ibgtrbk firbss tma vfrhbus prbiassas, ougibgs, fgj systacs gaiassfry tb cfgfna tma oukk Khoaiyika bo HZ sarvhias.



Zma sarvhia strftany stfna bo tma sarvhia khoaiyika hs tb jaga tma parspaiva, pbshbg, pkfgs fgj pfargs tmft f sarvhia prbvhjar gaajs tb à f`ka tb axaiuta tb caat fg brnfghzfbg‘s ùshgass butibcas



Zma Yarvhia Jashng stfta bo tma khoaiyika hs jashng HZ sarvhias, tbnatmar whtm tma nbvarghgn HZ prfiias, prbiassas fgj pbkhihas, tb rafkhza tma sarvhia prbvhjars strftany fgj tb ofihkhtfta tma hgtrbjuibg bo tmasa sarvhias hgtb suppbrtaj agvhrbgcagts agsurhgn qufkhty sarvhia jakhvary, iustbcar sfsofibg fgj ibst aaiva sarvhia prbvhshbg.



Zma sarvhia trfgshbg stfna bo tma sarvhia khoaiyika hs tb agsura tmft gaw, cbjhaj br raraj sarvhias caat tma axpaitfbgs bo tma ùshgass fs jbiucagtaj hg tma sarvhia strftany fgj sarvhia jashng stfnas bo tma Khoaiyika



Yarvhia Bparfbg hs tb ibbrjhgfta fgj ifrry but tma fivhas fgj prbiassas raquhraj tb jakhvar fgj cfgfna sarvhias ft fnraaj kavaks tb ùshgass usars fgj iustbcars.



IYH hs tb ibggufkky fkhng fgj ra-fkhng HZ sarvhias tb tma imfgnhgn ùshgass gaajs `y hjagoyhgn fgj hcpkacaggn hcprbvacagts tb HZ sarvhias tmft suppbrt ùshgass prbiassas.


=:



Fssasscagt


=1



6.

^mhim stfna bo tma sarvhia khoaiyika hs cbst ibgiargaj whtm jaghgn pbkhihas fgj b`daivas2 f. Yarvhia Jashng `. Yarvhia Zrfgshbg. i. Yarvhia Ytrftany j. Yarvhia Bparfbg

0.

Yarvhia Zrfgshbg ibgtfhgs jatfhkaj jasirhpbgs bo wmhim prbiassas2 f. Imfgna Cfgfnacagt, Yarvhia Fssat fgj Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt, Pakafsa fgj Japkbycagt Cfgfnacagt. `. Imfgna Cfgfnacagt, Ifpfihty Cfgfnacagt, Avagt Cfgfnacagt, Yarvhia Paquast Cfgfnacagt. i. Yarvhia Kavak Cfgfnacagt, Yarvhia \brbkhb Cfgfnacagt, Avagt Cfgfnacagt, fgj Yarvhia Paquast Cfgfnacagt. j. Yarvhia Fssat fgj Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt, Pakafsa & Japkbycagt, Paquast Oukkcagt Cfgfnacagt.

9.

Hg wmhim ibra pu`khifbgs ifg ybu gj jasirhpbg bo Yarvhia Iftfkbnua Cfgfnacagt, Hgobrcfbg Yaiurhty Cfgfnacagt, Yuppkhar Cfgfnacagt. f. Yarvhia Jashng `. Yarvhia Zrfgshbg. i. Yarvhia Ytrftany j. Yarvhia Bparfbg


=?



:.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn fra nbfks bo Yarvhia Bparfbgs2 6. Zb ibbrjhgfta fgj ifrry but tma fivhas fgj prbiassas raquhraj tb jakhvar fgj cfgfna sarvhias ft fnraaj kavaks tb tma ùshgass. 0. Zma suiiassouk rakafsa bo sarvhias hgtb tma khva agvhrbgcagt. f. 6 bgky `. 0 bgky i. @btm bo tma f`bva. j. Gahtmar bo tma f`bva.

1.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn prbvhjas nuhjfgia bg tma jashng fgj javakbpcagt bo sarvhias fgj sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas2 f. Yarvhia Bparfbg `. IYH i. Yarvhia Jashng j. Yarvhia Zrfgshbg


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Kafrghgn B`daivas

Ft tma agj bo tmhs cbjuka pfrihpfgts whkk à f`ka tb4



Qgjarstfgj fgj axpkfhg tmaeay ibgiapt bo Yarvhia Ytrftany.



Qgjarstfgj mbw Yarvhia Ytrftany prbiassas ibgtrhùta tb tma Yarvhia Khoaiyika.



Qgjarstfgj tma Eay \rhgihpka bo Yarvhia Ytrftany.



Qgjarstfgj fgj axpkfhg tma \urpbsa , B`daivas fgj Yibpa bo4 • Yarvhia \brbkhb Cfgfnacagt. • Jacfgj Cfgfnacagt. • Ohgfgihfk Cfgfnacagt obr HZ Yarvhias. • @ushgass Pakfbgsmhp Cfgfnacagt.


8<



Yarvhia Ytrftany Yarvhia Ytrftany prbvhjas àst-prfiia nuhjfgia obr tma sarvhia strftany stfna bo tma HZHK sarvhia khoaiyika. Yarvhia Ytrftany prbvhjas nuhjfgia bg mbw tb vhaw sarvhia cfgfnacagt gbt bgky fs fg brnfghzfbgfk ifpf`hkhty ùt fs f strftanhi fssat. Ht jasirhàs tma prhgihpkas ugjarphgghgn tma prfiia bo sarvhia cfgfnacagt wmhim fra usaouk obr javakbphgn sarvhia cfgfnacagt pbkhihas, nuhjakhgas fgj prbiassas firbss tma HZHK sarvhia khoaiyika. Zma purpbsa bo tma sarvhia strftany stfna bo tma sarvhia khoaiyika hs tb jaga tma parspaiva, pbshbg, pkfgs fgj pfargs tmft f sarvhia prbvhjar gaajs tb à f`ka tb axaiuta tb caat fg brnfghzfbg‘s ùshgass butibcas.


86



Nagarhi Ibgiapts - Qkhty fgj ^frrfgty Oht obr \urpbsa ’ ougibgfkhty

QZHKHZX

baraj `y f prbjuit br sarvhia \arobrcfgia suppbrtaj2

Z/O

tb caat f pfriukfr gaaj.

BP Ibgstrfhgts racbvaj2

FGJ Fvfhkf`ka agbunm2

_fkua I raftaj Z/O

Ifpfihty agbunm2

Oht obr Qsa ’ f prbchsa br nufrfgtaa tmft fvfhkf`hkhty, ifpfihty, ibgguhty, fgj saiurhty fra fkk caagn iustbcar axpaitfbgs.

FGJ Z/O

Ibggubus agbunm2 Yaiura agbunm2 ^FPPFGZX

Z4 Zrua O4 Ofksa

Nagarhi Ibgiapts - Qkhty fgj ^frrfgty Iustbcars ifggbt àgat orbc sbcatmhgn tmft hs t obr purpbsa ùt gbt t obr usa, fgj vhia varsf. Zma vfkua bo f sarvhia hs tmaraobra bgky jakhvaraj wmag `btm ukhty fgj wfrrfgty fra jashngaj fgj jakhvaraj. Ohnura f`bva hkkustrftas tma kbnhi tmft f sarvhia mfs tb mfva `btm ukhty fgj wfrrfgty tb irafta vfkua. Qkhty hs usaj tb hcprbva tma parobrcfgia bo tma tfses raquhraj tb fimhava fg butibca, br tb racbva ibgstrfhgts tmft pravagt tma tfse orbc àhgn parobrcaj fjaquftaky (br `btm). ^frrfgty raquhras tma sarvhia tb à fvfhkf`ka, ibggubus fgj saiura fgj tb mfvasuihagt ifpfihty obr tma sarvhia tb parobrc ft tma raquhrajkavak. Ho tma sarvhia hs `btm t obr purpbsa fgj t obr usa, ht whkk irafta vfkua. Ht smbukj à gbtaj tmft tma akacagts bo wfrrfgty hg tma nura fra gbt axikushva. Ht hs pbssh`ka tb jaga btmar ibcpbgagts bo wfrrfgty, suim fs usf`hkhty, wmhim raoars tb mbw afsy ht hs obr tma usar tb fiiass fgj usa tma oafturas bo tma sarvhia tb fimhava tma jashraj butibcas. Zma wfrrfgty fspait bo tma sarvhia gaajs tb à jashngaj ft tma sfca ca fs tma ukhty fspait hg


80



brjar tb jakhvar tma raquhraj vfkua tb tma ùshgass. Facpts tb jashng wfrrfgty fspaits far f sarvhia mfs àag japkbyaj ifg à axpagshva fgj jhsrupva. Hgobrcfbg f`but tma jashraj ùshgass butibcas, bppbrtughas, iustbcars, ukhty fgj wfrrfgty bo tma sarvhia hs usaj tb javakbp tma jaghbg bo f sarvhia. Qshgn fgbutibca`fsaj jaghbg makps tb agsura tmft cfgfnars pkfg fgj axaiuta fkk fspaits bo sarvhia cfgfnacagt orbc tma parspaiva bo wmft hs vfkuf`ka tb tma iustbcar.


89



Yarvhia Fssats - Pasburias fgj Ifpf`hkhas IF\F@HKHZHAY

PAYBQPIAY

Cfgfnacagt

Ohgfgihfk ifphtfk

Brnfghzfbg

Hgorfstruitura

\rbiassas

Fppkhifbgs

Egbwkajna

Hgobrcfbg

\abpka(axparhagia,sehkks fgj rakfbgsmhps)

\abpka (gucàr bo acpkbyaas)

Ifpf`hkhas4 Zma f`hkhty bo fgbrnfghzfbg, parsbg, prbiass, fppkhifbg, Ibgnurfbg Htac, br HZ sarvhia tb ifrry butfgwhtmbut fivhty . Ifpf`hkhas hgtfgnh`karasburias. fssats fgj ifggbt prbjuia vfkua `y tmacsakvas, fjaqufta fgj fra fpprbprhfta Pasburias4 Hgikuja HZ hgorfstruitura, pabpka, cbgay , br fgytmhgn aksa tmft chnmtmakp jakhvar fg HZ sarvhia. Zyphifkky , rasburias fra tfgnh`kafssats fgj fra rakfvaky afshar tb fiquhra tmfg ifpf`hkhas.

Yarvhia Fssats - Pasburias fgj Ifpf`hkhas Fssats, Pasburias fgj Ifpf`hkhas4 Zma sarvhia rakfbgsmhp àtwaag sarvhia prbvhjars fgj tmahr iustbcars ravbkvas frbugj tma usa bo fssats ’ `btm tmbsa bo tma sarvhia prbvhjar fgj tmbsa bo tma iustbcar. Afim rakfbgsmhp hgvbkvas fg hgtarfibg àtwaag tma fssats bo afim pfrty. Cfgyiustbcars usa tma sarvhia tmay raiahva orbc f sarvhia prbvhj ar tb ùhkj fgj jakhvar sarvhias br prbjuits bo tmahr bwg fgj tmag jakhvar tmac bg tb tmahr bwg iustbcars. Hg tmasa ifsas, wmft tma sarvhia prbvhjar ibgshjars tb à tma iustbcar fssat wbukj à ibgshjaraj tb à f sarvhia fssat `y tmahr iustbcar. ^htmbut iustbcar fssats, tmara hs gb `fshs obr jaghgn tma vfkua bo f sarvhia. Zma parobrcfgia bo iustbcar fssats hs tmaraobra f prhcfry ibgiarg obr sarvhia cfgfnacagt. © Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

8:



Zmara fra twb typas bo fssat usaj `y `btm sarvhia prbvhjars fgj iustbcars ’ rasburias fgj ifpf`hkhas. Brnfghzfbgs usa tmac tb irafta vfkua hg tma obrc bo nbbjs fgj sarvhias. Pasburias fra jhrait hgputs obr prbjuibg. Ifpf`hkhas raprasagt fg brnfghzfbg‘s f`hkhty tb ibbrjhgfta, ibgtrbk fgj japkby rasburias tb prbjuia vfkua. Ifpf`hkhas fra typhifkky axparhagia-jrhvag, egbwkajna-hgtagshva, hgobrcfbg-`fsaj fgj rcky acàjjaj whtmhg fg brnfghzfbg‘s pabpka, systacs, prbiassas fgj taimgbkbnhas. Ht hs rakfvaky afsy tb fiquhra rasburias ibcpfraj tb ifpf`hkhas.


81



Zypas bo Yarvhias Ibra, agf`khgn fgj agmfgihgn sarvhias Fkk sarvhias, briustbcars. axtargfk, ifg à ourtmar ikfsshaj hg tarcs boagf`khgn mbw tmay rakfta tb bgawmatmar fgbtmarhgtargfk fgj tmahr Yarvhias ifg à ikfsshaj fs ibra, br agmfgihgn fgj axfcpkas bo tmasa sarvhias fra prbvhjaj hg tf`ka hg gaxt pfna.

Agf`khgn sarvhias ibukj à

Fhj baraj `y kbfg biars hg fssasshgn wbrehgn ifphtfk gaajs fgj ibkkftarfk Zma fppkhifbg-prbiasshgn sarvhia

Okaxh`ka jhsùrsacagt bo kbfg ougjs

Zypas bo Yarvhias Ibra, agf`khgn fgj agmfgihgn sarvhias4 Fkk sarvhias, wmatmar hgtargfk br axtargfk, ifg à ourtmar ikfsshaj hg tarcs bo mbw tmay rakfta tb bga fgbtmar fgj tmahr iustbcars. Zb hkkustrfta tmhs hg fgbtmar ibgtaxt, tma ibra sarvhias bo f `fge ibukj à prbvhjhgn gfgihfk ifphtfk tb scfkk fgj cajhuc agtarprhsas. _fkua hs iraftaj obr tma `fge‘s iustbcars bgky wmag tma `fge ifg prbvhja gfgihfk ifphtfk hg f caky cfggar (far mfvhgn avfkuftaj fkk tma ibsts fgj rhse bo gfgihgn tma `brrbwar). Agf`khgn sarvhias ibukj à4 

Fhj baraj `y kbfg biars hg fssasshgn wbrehgn ifphtfk gaajsfgj ibkkftarfk.



Zma fppkhifbg-prbiasshgn sarvhia.



Okaxh`ka jhsùrsacagt bo kbfg ougjs.



F `fge fiibugt hgtb wmhim tma `brrbwar ifg akaitrbghifkky trfgsoar ougjs.


8?



Fs `fshi ofitbrs, agf`khgn sarvhias bgky nhva tma prbvhjar fg bppbrtughty tb sarva tma iustbcar. Agf`khgn sarvhias fra gaiassfry obr iustbcars tb usa tma ibra sarvhias sfsofitbrhky. Iustbcars nagarfkky tfea suim sarvhias obr nrfgtaj, fgj jb gbt axpait tb à fjjhbgfkky imfrnaj obr tma vfkua bo suim sarvhias. Axfcpkas bo ibccbgky baraj agf`khgn sarvhias fra sarvhia jases, pfycagt, ranhstrfbg fgj jhraitbry sarvhias.


8>



Axfcpkas bo ibra, agf`khgn fgj agmfgihgn sarvhias

Ibra sarvhia

HZ sarvhias (bia futbcfbg)

Agf`khgn s arvhia

Jbwgkbfj fgj ^brj prbiasshgn

hgstfkkfbg bo upjftas

Agmfgihgn s arvhia

Jbiucagt pu`khifbg tb prboasshbgfk prhgtar obr mhnm-qufkhty `rbimura

Iustbcars ifg Acpkbyaas bo f ibcpfgy F pbrtfk tmft prbvhjas HZ sarvhias (àgats trfiehgn)

ifg cbghtbr tma stftus

f usar orhagjky orbgt-

bo tmahr àgats (suim

agj fiiass tb tma

fs mafktm hgsurfgia fgj

àgats trfiehgn

raracagt fiibugts).

sarvhia.

irafta fgj cfgfna f tgass br wahnmt kbss prbnrfcca. Iustbcars wmb smbw prbnrass hg tmahr prbnrfcca fra fwfrjaj f jhsibugt bg tmahr prachucs.

Axfcpkas bo ibra, agf`khgn fgj agmfgihgn sarvhias Hg cbst cfreats, agf`khgn sarvhias whkk fkkbw tma chghcuc raquhracagts obr bparfbg, fktmbunm cfgy prbvhja tma obugjfbg obr jharagfbg, ùt ht hs tma agmfgihgn sarvhias tmft whkk prbvhja tma jharagfbg htsako ’ tma ”axihtacagt ofitbr‘. Axfcpkas bo agmfgihgn sarvhias fra cbra jhiukt tb prbvhja, pfriukfrky àifusa tmay tagj tb jrh bvar ca tb à su`sucaj hgtb ibra br agf`khgn sarvhias. Hg btmar wbrjs, wmft hs axihgn tb f iustbcar tbjfy àibcas axpaitaj ho ht hs fkwfys jakhvaraj. Fg axfcpka hs tma prbvhshbg bo f `rbfj`fgj hgtargat sarvhia hg f mbtak rbbc. F oaw yafrs fnb tma prbvhshbg bo f imfrnaf`ka `rbfj`fgj sarvhia chnmt mfva àag ranfrjaj fs f jharagftbr (tmhs mbtak bars tmhs sarvhia, btmar ibcpfrfva mbtaks jb gbt). Fs cbra fgj cbra mbtaks stfrtaj tb bar tmhs sarvhia, iustbcars ifca tb ranfrj ht fs assagfk ’ sb ht àifca fg agf`khgn sarvhia. Mbtaks tmag stfrtaj tb bar ”oraa‘ `rbfj`fgj hgtargat sarvhias ’ sb obr f ca tmhs wfs fg agmfgihgn sarvhia, ùt tmft hs gbw cbra ibccbg, fgj hs quhieky àibchgn f gaiassfry (fgj tmus agf`khgn) sarvhia. Obr sbca trfvakkars tmhs sarvhia mfs fitufkky àibca pfrt bo tma ibra, hg tma sfca wfy, sfy, fs fg ag-suhta `ftmrbbc. © Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

8=



Yarvhia \brbkhb Cfgfnacagt Zma purpbsa bo sarvhia pbrtobkhb cfgfnacagt hs tb agsura tmft tma sarvhia prbvhjar mfs tma rhnmt chx bo sarvhias tb `fkfgia tma hgvastcagt hg HZ whtm tma f`hkhty tb caat ùshgass butibcas.

B`daivas4 \rbvhja f prbiass fgj caimfghscs tb agf`ka fg brnfghzfbg tb hgvasnfta fgj jaihja bg wmhim sarvhias tb prbvhja, `fsaj bg fg fgfkyshs bo tma pbtagfk raturg fgj fiiaptf`ka kavak bo rhse. Cfhgtfhg tma jaghva pbrbkhb bo sarvhias prbvhjaj, friukfgn tma ùshgass gaajs afim sarvhia caats fgj tma ùshgass butibcas ht suppbrts. \rbvhja f caimfghsc obr tma brnfghzfbg tb avfkufta mbw sarvhias agf`ka ht tb fimhava hts strftany, fgj tb raspbgj tb imfgnas hg hts hgtargfk br axtargfk agvhrbgcagts.

Yarvhia \brbkhb Cfgfnacagt \urpbsa fgj b`daivas4 Zma purpbsa bo sarvhia pbrbkhb cfgfnacagt hs tb agsura tmft tma sarvhia prbvhjar mfs tma rhnmt chx bo sarvhias tb `fkfgia tma hgvastcagt hg HZ whtm tma f`hkhty tb caat ùshgass butibcas. Ht trfies tma hgvastcagt hg sarvhias tmrbunmbut tmahr khoaiyika fgj wbres whtm btmar sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas tb agsura tmft tma fpprbprhfta raturgs fra àhgn fimhavaj. Hg fjjhbg, ht agsuras tmft sarvhias fra ikafrky jagaj fgj khgeaj tb tma fimhavacagt bo ùshgass butibcas, tmus agsurhgn tmft fkk jashng, trfgshbg fgj bparfbg fivhas fra fkhngaj tb tma vfkua bo tma sarvhias. Zma b`daivas bo sarvhia pbrbkhb cfgfnacagt fra tb4 

\rbvhja f prbiass fgj caimfghscs tbagf`ka fg brnfghzfbg tb hgvasnfta fgj jaihja bg wmhim sarvhias tb prbvhja, `fsaj bg fg fgfkyshs bo tma pbtagfk raturg fgj fiiaptf`ka kavak bo rhse.


88





Cfhgtfhg tma jaghva pbrbkhb bo sarvhias prbvhjaj, friukfgn tma ùshgassgaajs afim sarvhia caats fgj tma ùshgass butibcas ht suppbrts.



\rbvhja f caimfghsc obrtma brnfghzfbg tb avfkufta mbw sarvhias agf`ka ht tb fimhava hts strftany, fgj tb raspbgj tb imfgnas hg hts hgtargfk br axtargfk agvhrbgcagts.



Ibgtrbk wmhim sarvhias frabaraj, ugjarwmft ibgjhbgs fgjft wmft kavak bo hgvastcagt.



Zrfie tma hgvastcagt hgsarvhias tmrbunmbut tmahr khoaiyika,tmus agf`khgn tmabrnfghzfbg tb avfkufta hts strftany, fs wakk fs hts f`hkhty tb axaiuta fnfhgst tmft strftany.



Fgfkysa wmhim sarvhias fra gb kbgnar vhf`ka fgj wmag tmay smbukj à raraj.


6<<



Yarvhia \brbkhb Cfgfnacagt ’ \urpbsa fgj B`daivas Yibpa Fkk sarvhias f sarvhia prbvhjar pkfgs tb jakhvar, tmbsa iurragtky jakhvaraj fgj tmbsa tmft mfva àag whtmjrfwg orbc sarvhia.

Zma prhcfry ibgiarg bo sarvhia pbrbkhb cfgfnacagt hs wmatmar tma sarvhia prbvhjar hs f`ka tb nagarfta vfkua orbc tma sarvhias. Yarvhia pbrbkhb cfgfnacagt whkk tmaraobra trfie hgvastcagts hg sarvhias fgj ibcpfra tmac tb tma jashraj ùshgass butibcas.

Yarvhia \brbkhb Cfgfnacagt ’ \urpbsa fgj B`daivas Yibpa4 Zma sibpa bo sarvhia pbrbkhb cfgfnacagt hs fkk sarvhias f sarvhia prbvhjar pkfgs tb jakhvar, tmbsa iurragtky jakhvaraj fgj tmbsa tmft mfva àag whtmjrfwg orbc sarvhia. Zma prhcfry ibgiarg bo sarvhia pbrbkhb cfgfnacagt hs wmatmar tma sarvhia prbvhjar hs f`ka tb nagarfta vfkua orbc tma sarvhias. Yarvhia pbrbkhb cfgfnacagt whkk tmaraobra trfie hgvastcagts hg sarvhias fgj ibcpfra tmac tb tma jashraj ùshgass butibcas. Hgtargfk sarvhia prbvhjars whkk gaaj tb wbre whtm tma ùshgass ughts hg tma brnfghzfbg tb khge afim sarvhia tb tma ùshgass butibcas àobra tmay ifg ibcpfra hgvastcagt whtm raturgs. Axtargfk sarvhia prbvhjars tagj tb avfkufta vfkua cbra jhraitky, fs afim sarvhia gaajs tb à f`ka tb nagarfta ravagua jhraitky, br suppbrt ravagua-nagarfgn sarvhias. Zma nagarfbg bo ravagua hg fg aihagt cfggar whkk, hg turg, ofihkhtfta prbtf`hkhty. Yarvhia pbrbkhb cfgfnacagt avfkuftas tma vfkua bo sarvhias tmrbunmbut tmahr khoaiyikas, fgj cust à f`ka tb ibcpfra wmft gawar sarvhias mfva baraj bvar tma raraj sarvhias tmay mfva rapkfiaj.


6<6



Yarvhia \brbkhb Cfgfnacagt ’ Ibgiapts Bvarvhaw Zma Yarvhia \brbkhb Paprasagts Zma ibcchtcagts fgj hgvastcagts cfja `y f sarvhia prbvhjar firbss fkk iustbcars fgj cfreat spfias.

\rasagt ibgtrfitufk ibcchtcagts, gaw sarvhiajavakbpcagt fgj bgnbhgn sarv hia hcprbvacagt pkfgs hghftaj `y IYH. Zma pbrbkhb fksb hgikujas tmhrj-pfrty sarvhias, wmhim fra fg hgtanrfk pfrt bo sarvhia barhgns tb iustbcars.

Ybca tmhrj-pfrty sarvhias fra vhsh`ka tb tma iustbcars (a.n. jasetbp rapfhrs) wmhka btmars fra gbt (a.n.whja fraf gatwbrehgn sarvhias).

Yarvhia pbrbkhb hs tma ibcpkata sat bo sarvhias tmft hs cfgfnaj `y f sarvhia prbvhjar.

Yarvhia \brbkhb Cfgfnacagt ’ Ibgiapts Bvarvhaw Zma sarvhia pbrbkhb4 Zma sarvhia pbrbkhb raprasagts tma ibcchtcagts fgj hgvastcagts cfja `y f sarvhia prbvhjar firbss fkk iustbcars fgj cfreat spfias. Ht raprasagts prasagt ibgtrfitufk ibcchtcagts, gaw sarvhia javakbpcagt fgj bgnbhgn sarvhia hcprbvacagt pkfgs hghftaj `y IYH. Zma pbrbkhb fksb hgikujas tmhrj-pfrty sarvhias, wmhim fra fg hgtanrfk pfrt bo sarvhia barhgns tb iustbcars. Ybca tmhrj-pfrty sarvhias fra vhsh`ka tb tma iustbcars (a.n. jasetbp rapfhrs) wmhka btmars fra gbt (a.n. whja fraf gatwbrehgn sarvhias). Hg btmar wbrjs, tma sarvhia pbrbkhb hs tma ibcpkata sat bo sarvhias tmft hs cfgfnaj `y f sarvhia prbvhjar. Zma sarvhia pbrbkhb fksb hjagas tmbsa sarvhias hg f ibgiaptufk stfna, gfcaky fkk sarvhias tma brnfghzfbg wbukj prbvhja ho ht mfj ugkhchtaj rasburias, ifpf`hkhas fgj ougjhgn. Zmhs jbiucagtfbg axarihsa ofihkhtftas ugjarstfgjhgn bo tma bppbrtughty ibsts bo tma axhsgn pbrbkhb fgj àar sifk jhsihpkhga. Ho f sarvhia prbvhjar ugjarstfgjs wmft ht ifggbt jb, tmag ht hs àar f`ka tb fssass ho ht smbukj eaap jbhgn wmft ht hs jbhgn br ra-fkkbifta hts rasburias fgj ifpf`hkhas. © Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

6<0



Zma Yarvhia \brbkhb Yarvhia pbrbkhb

Yarvhia phpakhga

Paraj sarvhias

Yarvhia iftfkbnua

Ibgﬆnurfbg cfgfnacagt systac

Iustbcar pbrbkhb

Fppkhifbg pbrbkhb

Yuppkhar fgj ibgtrfit cfgfnacagt hgobrcfbg systac

Iustbcar fnraacagt pbrbkhb

\rbdait pbrbkhb

ICJ@

Ohnura f`bva hkkustrftas tma ibcpbgagts bo Yarvhia \brbkhb Yarvhia \hpakhga4 Hs f jftf`fsa br struituraj jbiucagt khsgn fkk sarvhias tmft fra ugjar ibgshjarfbg br javakbpcagt, ùt fra gbt yat fvfhkf`ka tb iustbcars. Ht fksb hgikujas cfdbr hgvastcagt bppbrtughas, suim fs jftf iagtar rakbifbg br vhrtufkhzfbg prbdait. Zmhs hs àifusa tmasa hgvastcagts mfva tb à trfiaj tb tma jakhvary bo sarvhias fgj tma vfkua rafkhzaj. Zma sarvhia phpakhga prbvhjas f ùshgass vhaw bo pbssh`ka outura sarvhias fgj hs pfrt bo tma sarvhia pbrbkhb tmft hs gbt gbrcfkky pu`khsmaj tb iustbcars. Yarvhia Iftfkbnua4 Hs f jftf`fsa br struituraj jbiucagt whtm hgobrcfbg f`but fkk khva HZ sarvhias, hgikujhgn tmbsa fvfhkf`ka obr japkbycagt. Zma sarvhia iftfkbnua hs tma bgky pfrt bo tma sarvhia pbrbkhb pu`khsmaj tb iustbcars, fgj hs usaj tb suppbrt tma sfka fgj jakhvary bo HZ sarvhias. Zma sarvhia iftfkbnua hgikujas hgobrcfbg f`but jakhvarf`kas, prhias, ibgtfit pbhgts, brjarhgn fgj raquast prbiass.


6<9



Paraj Yarvhias4 Ybca sarvhias hg tma sarvhia pbrbkhb fra pmfsaj but br raraj. Zmara hs f jaihshbg tb à cfja `y afim brnfghzfbg, obkkbwhgn f sarvhia ravhaw, bg wmag tb cbva f sarvhia orbc iftfkbnua tb raraj. Ybca brnfghzfbgs jb tmhs wmag tma sarvhia hs gb kbgnar fvfhkf`ka tb gaw iustbcars, avag tmbunm tma sarvhia hs skk àhgn jakhvaraj tb axhsgn iustbcars. Btmar brnfghzfbgs whkk bgky cbva tma sarvhia but bo tma iftfkbnua wmag ht hs gb kbgnar jakhvaraj tb fgy iustbcars.


6<:



Jacfgj Cfgfnacagt Zma \urpbsa bo jacfgj cfgfnacagt hs tb ugjarstfgj, fgihpfta fgj hguagia iustbcar jacfgj obr sarvhias fgj tb wbre whtm ifpfihty cfgfnacagt tb agsura tma sarvhia prbvhjar mfs ifpfihty tb caat tmhs jacfgj.

B`daivas Hjagoy fgj fgfkysa pfargs bo ùshgass fivhty tb ugjarstfgj tma kavaks bo jacfgj tmft whkk à pkfiaj bg f sarvhia Jaga fgj fgfkysa usar prbkastb ugjarstfgj tma typhifk prbkas bo jacfgj obr sarvhias orbcjharagt typas bo usar .

Agsura tmft sarvhias fra jashngaj tb caat tma pfargs bo ùshgass fivhty fgj tma f`hkhtytb caat ùshgass butibcas.

Jacfgj Cfgfnacagt Zma purpbsa bo jacfgj cfgfnacagt hs tb ugjarstfgj, fgihpfta fgj hguagia iustbcar jacfgj obr sarvhias fgj tb wbre whtm ifpfihty cfgfnacagt tb agsura tma sarvhia prbvhjar mfs ifpfihty tb caat tmhs jacfgj. Jacfgj cfgfnacagt wbres ft avary stfna bo tma khoaiyika tb agsura tmft sarvhias fra jashngaj, tastaj fgj jakhvaraj tb suppbrt tma fimhavacagt bo ùshgass butibcas ft tma fpprbprhfta kavaks bo fivhty. Zmhs hs wmara tma sarvhia prbvhjar mfs tma bppbrtughty tb ugjarstfgj tma iustbcar gaajs fgj oaaj tmasa hgtb tma sarvhia strftanhas tb rafkhza tma sarvhia pbtagfk bo tma iustbcar fgj tb jharagfta tma sarvhias tb tma iustbcars.


6<1



Zma b`daivas bo jacfgj cfgfnacagt fra tb4 

Hjagoy fgj fgfkysa pfargs bo ùshgass fivhty tb ugjarstfgj tma kavaks bo jacfgj tmft whkk à pkfiaj bg f sarvhia.

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Jaga fgj fgfkysa usar prbkastb ugjarstfgj tma typhifk prbkasbo jacfgj obr sarvhias orbc jharagt typas bo usar.



Agsura tmft sarvhias fra jashngaj tb caat tma pfargs bo ùshgass fivhty fgj tma f`hkhty tb caat ùshgass butibcas.

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^bre whtm ifpfihty cfgfnacagt tb agsura tmft fjaqufta rasburias fra fvfhkf`ka ft tma fpprbprhfta kavaks bo ifpfihty tb caat tma jacfgj obr sarvhias, tmus cfhgtfhghgn f `fkfgia àtwaag tma ibst bo sarvhia fgj tma vfkua tmft ht fimhavas.

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Fgihpfta fgj pravagt br cfgfna shtufbgs wmara jacfgj obrf sarvhia axiaajs tma ifpfihty tb jakhvar ht.

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Nafr tma ukhzfbg bo rasburias tmft jakhvar sarvhias tb caat tma uitufgn kavaks bo jacfgj obr tmbsa sarvhias.


6


Jacfgj Cfgfnacagt Yibpa Zma sibpa bo tma jacfgj cfgfnacagt prbiass hs tb hjagoy fgj fgfkysa tma pfargs bo ùshgass fivhty tmft hghfta jacfgj obr sarvhias, fgj tb hjagoy fgj fgfkysa mbw jharagt typas bo usar hguagia tma jacfgj obr sarvhias. Jacfgj cfgfnacagt fivhas smbukj hgikuja4 Hjagoyhgn fgj fgfkyshgn pfargs bo ùshgass fivhty fssbihftaj whtm sarvhias

Hjagoyhgn usar prbkas fgj fgfkyshgn tmahr sarvhia usfna pfargs

Hjagoyhgn, fnraahgn fgj hcpkacaggn cafsuras tb hguagia jacfgj tbnatmar whtm ifpfihtycfgfnacagt

Jacfgj Cfgfnacagt Yibpa4 Zma sibpa bo tma jacfgj cfgfnacagt prbiass hs tb hjagoy fgj fgfkysa tma pfargs bo ùshgass fivhty tmft hghfta jacfgj obr sarvhias, fgj tb hjagoy fgj fgfkysa mbw jharagt typas bo usar hguagia tma jacfgj obr sarvhias. Jacfgj cfgfnacagt fivhas smbukj hgikuja4 

Hjagoyhgn fgj fgfkyshgn pfargs bo ùshgass fivhty fssbihftaj whtm sarvhias.

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Hjagoyhgn usar prbkas fgj fgfkyshgn tmahr sarvhia usfna pfargs.


6<>





Hjagoyhgn, fnraahgn fgj hcpkacaggn cafsuras tb hguagia jacfgj tbnatmar whtm ifpfihty cfgfnacagt. Zmhs hs sbcacas ifkkaj tma ”cfgfnacagt bo jacfgj‘. Zmhs ibukj à hg shtufbgs wmara sarvhia jacfgj axiaajs ifpfihty, fgj wmara ifpfihty hgirafsas fra gbt oafsh`ka (a.n. jharagfk imfrnhgn, hgiagvas, pagfkas).

Ht ibukj fksb à hg shtufbgs wmara f gaw sarvhia mfs àag kfugimaj fgj HZ whsmas tb agiburfna usars tb usa ht cbra. Fksb, ht ibukj à usaj tb rajuia jacfgj hg pafe ukhzfbg cas fgj smh ht tb kass fiva cas ’ tmus cbra aihagtky `fkfgihgn bvarfkk ukhzfbg kavaks. Jacfgj cfgfnacagt hs fiva hg avary stfna bo tma sarvhia khoaiyika, fgj wbres ikbsaky whtm savarfk btmar prbiassas. Bga bo tma ikbsast bo tmasa hs ifpfihty cfgfnacagt. Zma ougjfcagtfk jharagia àtwaag jacfgj fgj ifpfihty cfgfnacagt hs smbwg hg gaxt pfna.


6<=



Ibcpfrhsbg bo Jacfgj Cfgfnacagt fgj Ifpfihty Cfgfnacagt Jacfgj cfgfnacagt

\urpbsa

Obius

Agsura tmft iurragt fgj outura Hjagoy, fgfkysa fgj hguagia ifpfihty raquhracag ts bo sarvhias iustbcar jacfgj obr sarvhias fgj fra prbvhjaj ibst aaivaky, fgj tma ifpfihty tb caat tmhsjacfgj tmft sarvhias fra parobrchgn ft tma fnraaj kavak Fgihpfgn tma jacfgj obr sarvhias Qgjarstfgjhgn tma iurragt fgj `fsaj bg usar prbkas fgj pfargs outura raquhracagts obr rasburias bo ùshgass fivhty, fgj hjagoyhgn fgj ifpf`hkhas fgj agsurhgn tmft tma cafgs tb hguagia tmft jacfgj tmasa fra jashngaj, tastaj fgj tb fimhava fg bpcfk `fkfgia cfgfnaj tb caat tma jacfgj bg àtwaag hgvastcagt fgj ùshgass sarvhias butibca fimhavacagt Hjagoyhgn pfargs bo ùshgass fivhty, usar prbkas fgj tma

Cfdbr Fivhas

Ifpfihty cfgfnacagt

\rbjuihgn f ifpfihty pkfg tb agsura

rasukgn jacfgj bg sarvhias. tma hgvastcagt tmafpprbprhfta kavaks bo ifpfihty.hgAgsurhgn bpcfk Fgihpfgn hgirafsas br jairafsas usa fgj parobrcfgia bo rasburias. hg jacfgj, fgjhjagoyhgn strftanhas Avfkufgn tma hcpfit bo gaw br obr jafkhgn whtm tmasa. Hguagihgn imfgnaj rasburias fgj ifpf`hkhas jacfgj tmrbunm hgiagvas, bg axhsgn parobrcfgia kavaks pagfkas br jharagfk imfrnhgn

Ibcpfrhsbg bo Jacfgj Cfgfnacagt fgj Ifpf ihty Cfgfnacagt Ft rst nkfgia tma sibpas bo ifpfihty fgj jacfgj cfgfnacagt saac tb bvarkfp, fgj ht chnmt fppafr tmft jacfgj cfgfnacagt hs dust bga fspait bo ifpfihty cfgfnacagt. Mbwavar, tmhs hs fg bvarshcpkhifbg bo `btm prbiassas. @btm fra ibgiargaj whtm fimhavhgn tma sfca ùshgass butibcas, fgj `btm fra ibgiargaj whtm bpchzhgn hgvastcagt, ùt tma prbiassas tmacsakvas fra jharagt. Zb nagarfkhza, jacfgj cfgfnacagt obiusas prhcfrhky bg tma ùshgass fgj usar fspaits bo prbvhjhgn sarvhias, wmarafs ifpfihty cfgfnacagt obiusas prhcfrhky bg tma rasburihgn fgj taimgbkbny fspaits.


6<8



Jacfgj Cfgfnacagt ’ Eay Ibgiapt \fargs bo @ushgass Fivhty Yarvhias fra jashngaj tb agf`ka ùshgass fivhas, wmhim hg turg fimhava ùshgass butibcas. \fargs bo ùshgass fivhty (\@F) raprasagt tma jygfchis bo tma ùshgass fgj hgikuja hgtarfibgs whtm iustbcars, suppkhars, pfrtgars fgj btmar stfeambkjars. Bgia f \@F mfs àag hjagthohaj, f \@F prbohka smbukj à jrfwg up fgj jatfhks f`but tma \@F jbiucagtaj. Zma obkkbwhgn htacs gaaj tb à jbiucagtaj4 Ikfsshohifthbg Zmhs hgjhiftas tma typa bo \@F, fgj ibukj raoar tb wmara ht brhnhgftas (usar br futbcftaj),

Fttrhùtas Yuim fs oraquagiy, vbkuca, kbifthbg fgj jurfthbg.

Paquhracagts Yuim fs parobrcfgia, saiurhty, fvfhkf`hkh ty, prhvfiy, kftagiy br tbkarfgia obr jakfys.

Yarvhia fssat raquhracagts Jashng tafcs whkk jrfot f uthkhzfthbg prbohka obr afim \@F hg tarcs bo wmft rasburias ht usas, wmag fgj mbw cuim bo afim rasburia

Jacfgj Cfgfnacagt ’ Eay Ibgiapt \fargs bo ùshgass fivhty4 Yarvhias fra jashngaj tb agf`ka ùshgass fivhas, wmhim hg turg fimhava ùshgass butibcas. Zmus avary ca f ùshgass fivhty hs parobrcaj, ht nagarftas jacfgj obr sarvhias. Iustbcar fssats suim fs pabpka, prbiassas fgj fppkhifbgs fkk parobrc ùshgass fivhas, fgj àifusa bo tma wfy tmasa fssats fra brnfghzaj br àifusa bo tma tfses tmay fra ibcpkagn, tmhs fivhty whkk tagj tb à parobrcaj hg pfargs. Zmasa pfargs bo ùshgass fivhty (\@F) raprasagt tma jygfchis bo tma ùshgass fgj hgikuja hgtarfibgs whtm iustbcars, suppkhars, pfrtgars fgj btmar stfeambkjars. Yhgia \@F bparfta hg f jygfchi agvhrbgcagt, tmay fra bag jygfchi tmacsakvas. Mbwavar, shgia sarvhias bag jhraitky suppbrt bga br cbra \@F, fgj shgia \@F fimhava ùshgass butibcas ht hs hcpbrtfgt tmft tmay fra prbparky ugjarstbbj fgj fkhngaj tb sarvhias. Zmhs raquhras tmft tmay mfva tb à prbparky jagaj fgj jbiucagtaj fgj imfgnas prbparky ibgtrbkkaj. Bgia f \@F mfs àag hjagaj, f \@F prbka smbukj à jrfwg up fgj jatfhks f`but tma \@F jbiucagtaj. Zma obkkbwhgn htacs gaaj tb à jbiucagtaj4


66<



Ikfsshifbg Zmhs hgjhiftas tma typa bo \@F, fgj ibukj raoar tb wmara ht brhnhgftas (usar br futbcftaj), tma typa fgj hcpfit bo butibcas suppbrtaj, fgj tma typa bo wbrekbfj suppbrtaj. Frhùtas Yuim fs oraquagiy, vbkuca, kbifbg fgj jurfbg. Paquhracagts Yuim fs parobrcfgia, saiurhty, fvfhkf`hkhty, prhvfiy, kftagiy br tbkarfgia obr jakfys. Yarvhia fssat raquhracagts Jashng tafcs whkk jrf f ukhzfbg prbka obr afim \@F hg tarcs bo wmft rasburias ht usas, wmag fgj mbw cuim bo afim rasburia. Ho tma qufgty bo rasburias hs egbwg, fgj tma pfarg bo ukhzfbg hs egbwg, tma ifpfihty cfgfnacagt prbiass whkk à f`ka tb agsura tmft rasburias fra fvfhkf`ka tb caat tma jacfgj ’ prbvhjaj ht stfys whtmhg tma obraifst rfgna.


666



Jacfgj Cfgfnacagt

Axfcpka @4 Ibgsukgn ibcpfgy 11<

Axfcpka @ ’ waaeky \@F4 Ibgsuktfgts gaaj fiiass tb f casmaat systac tb trfie tmahr fivhas sb tmft iustbcars ifg à `hkkaj. Cbst ibgsuktfgts wfht ugk tma agj bo tma waae tb ibcpkata tmahr casmaats. Ybca ibgsuktfgts raibrj tmahr fivhas jfhky.

1<< s g b :1<  i f s :<< g f rt 91< t a a 9<< m s a c01<  o b 0<< r a ` 61< c u G6<< 1<

C

Z^Z

O

Zhca (jfys)

Jacfgj Cfgfnacagt Ohnura hkkustrftas f \@F. Hg axfcpka @ hg Ohnura f ibgsukgn ibcpfgy rakhas bg f casmaat sarvhia tb `hkk ibgsuktfgts‘ ca. Yhgia cbst ibgsuktfgts ibcpkata tmahr casmaats obr tma agra waae ft tma agj bo tma waae, tma kftar ht hs hg tma waae tma cbra irhifk tma sarvhia, fgj tma cbra ht hs ukhzaj. Ibgsuktfgts cfy gaaj tb à agiburfnaj tb kbn tmahr ca ft tma agj bo afim jfy, br tma ànhgghgn bo tma gaxt jfy.


660



@ushgass Fivhty Hguagias \fargs bo Jacfgj obr Yarvhias Jacfgj pfarg

\farg bo ùshgass fivhty

@ushgass prbiass

Yarvhia prbiass

Ifpfihty cfgfnacagt pkfg

Yarvhia àkt

Jakhvary simajuka Hgiagvas fgj pagfkas tb hgffuagia ibgsucpbg Jacfgj cfgfnacagt


669



Ohgfgihfk Cfgfnacagt obr HZ Yarvhias ’ \urpbsa fgj B`daivas Zma purpbsa bo gfgihfk cfgfnacagt obr HZ sarvhias hs tb saiura tma fpprbprhfta kavak bo ougjhgn tb jashng, javakbp fgj jakhvar sarvhias tmft caat tma strftany bo tma brnfghzfbg. Ft tma sfca ca tmhs hs f nftaeaapar tmft agsuras tmft tma sarvhia prbvhjar jbas gbt ibccht tb sarvhias tmft tmay fra gbt f`ka tb prbvhja.

B`daivas 

Jaghgn fgj cfhgtfhghgn f orfcawbre tb hjagoy, cfgfna fgj ibccughifta tma ibst bo prbvhjhgn sarvhias.



Avfkufgn tma gfgihfk hcpfit bo gaw br imfgnaj strftanhas bg tma sarvhia prbvhjar.



Yaiurhgn ougjhgn tb cfgfna tma prbvhshbg bo sarvhias.

Ohgfgihfk Cfgfnacagt obr HZ Yarvhias ’ \urpbsa fgj B`daivas \urpbsa4 Zma purpbsa bo gfgihfk cfgfnacagt obr HZ sarvhias hs tb saiura tma fpprbprhfta kavak bo ougjhgn tb jashng, javakbp fgj jakhvar sarvhias tmft caat tma strftany bo tma brnfghzfbg. Ft tma sfca ca gfgihfk cfgfnacagt obr HZ sarvhias hs f nftaeaapar tmft agsuras tmft tma sarvhia prbvhjar jbas gbt ibccht tb sarvhias tmft tmay fra gbt f`ka tb prbvhja. Ohgfgihfk cfgfnacagt obr HZ sarvhias hjagas tma `fkfgia àtwaag tma ibst fgj qufkhty bo sarvhia fgj cfhgtfhgs tma `fkfgia bo suppky fgj jacfgj àtwaag tma sarvhia prbvhjar fgj tmahr iustbcars. Obr axfcpka, f iustbcar fses fg hgtargfk sarvhia prbvhjar tb prbvhja f sarvhia ft f iartfhg kavak. Ho tma sarvhia prbvhjar hs f`ka tb qufgoy tma hghfk hgvastcagt fgj bgnbhgn ibsts bo tmft sarvhia, tma iustbcar ifg cfea f jaihshbg fs tb wmatmar tmft sarvhia whkk prbvhja suihagt vfkua tb ibvar tma ibsts. Ho tma hgtargfk sarvhia prbvhjar hs gbt f`ka tb qufgoy tma ibsts, tmag tmay whkk à put ugjar shnghifgt prassura tb jakhvar tma sarvhia ft tma mhnmast pbssh`ka kavak.


66:



Zma b`daivas bo gfgihfk cfgfnacagt obr HZ sarvhias hgikuja4 

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Jaghgn fgj cfhgtfhghgn forfcawbre tb hjagoy, cfgfna fgj ibccughifta tmaibst bo prbvhjhgn sarvhias. Avfkufgn tma gfgihfk hcpfit bo gawbr imfgnaj strftanhasbg tma sarvhia prbvhjar.

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Yaiurhgn ougjhgn tb cfgfna tma prbvhshbg bo sarvhias.

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Ofihkhtfgn nbbj stawfrjsmhp bo sarvhia fgj iustbcar fssats tb agsura tma brnfghzfbg caats hts b`daivas. Zmhs smbukj à jbga tbnatmar whtm sarvhia fssat fgj ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt fgj egbwkajna cfgfnacagt.



Qgjarstfgjhgn tma rakfbgsmhp àtwaag axpagsasfgj hgibca fgj agsurhgn tmfttma twb fra `fkfgiaj fiibrjhgn tb tma brnfghzfbg‘s gfgihfk pbkhihas.



Cfgfnhgn fgj rapbrgnaxpagjhtura bg sarvhia prbvhshbg bg àmfkobo tma brnfghzfbg‘s stfeambkjars.

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Axaiugn tma gfgihfk pbkhihas fgj prfiias hg tma prbvhshbg bo sarvhias.

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Fiibuggn obr cbgay spagt bg tma irafbg, jakhvary fgj suppbrt bo sarvhias.



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Obraifsgn tma gfgihfk raquhracagts obr tma brn fghzfbg tb à f`ka tb caat hts sarvhia ibcchtcagts tb hts iustbcars, fgj ibcpkhfgia whtm ranukftbry fgj kanhskfva raquhracagts. ^mara fpprbprhfta, jaghgnf orfcawbre tb raibvar tma ibsts bo sarvhia prbvhshbg orbc tma iustbcar.


661



Ohgfgihfk Cfgfnacagt obr HZ Yarvhias - Yibpa

cfgfnacagt hs gbrcfkky f wakk astf`khsmaj fgj Yibpa4 Ohgfgihfk pfrt wakk-ugjarstbbj bo fgy brnfghzfbg. \rboasshbgfk fiibugtfgts cfgfna jajhiftaj gfgia japfrtcagts, wmhim sat gfgihfk pbkhihas, ùjnagn prbiajuras, gfgihfk rapbrgn stfgjfrjs, fiibuggn prfiias fgj ravagua nagarfbg br ibst raibvary rukas. Hg fg HZ ibgtaxt, gfgihfk cfgfnacagt hs bag f sapfrfta ougibg ahtmar rapbrgn tb tma IHB br tma imhao gfgihfk biar (IOB), ùt whtm sbca obrc bo ougibgfk rapbrgn àtwaag tma twb frafs.

Ohgfgihfk Cfgfnacagt obr HZ Yarvhias - Yibpa Yibpa4 Ohgfgihfk cfgfnacagt hs gbrcfkky f wakk astf`khsmaj fgj wakk-ugjarstbbj pfrt bo fgy brnfghzfbg. \rboasshbgfk fiibugtfgtscfgfna jajhiftaj gfgia japfrtcagts, wmhim sat gfgihfk pbkhihas, ùjnagn prbiajuras, gfgihfk rapbrgn stfgjfrjs, fiibuggn prfiias fgj ravagua nagarfbg br ibst raibvary rukas. Hg fg HZ ibgtaxt, gfgihfk cfgfnacagt hs bag f sapfrfta ougibg ahtmar rapbrgn tb tma IHB br tma imhao gfgihfk biar (IOB), ùt whtm sbca obrc bo ougibgfk rapbrgn àtwaag tma twb frafs. Panfrjkass bo wmara tma ougibg hs fitufkky shtuftaj hg tma brnfghzfbg, gfgihfk cfgfnacagt obr HZ sarvhias hs f spaihfkhzaj fraf tmft raquhras fg ugjarstfgjhgn bo tma wbrkj bo gfgia fgj ùshgass fs wakk fs tma wbrkj bo taimgbkbny. F ibccbg chsugjarstfgjhgn hs tmft fkk fiibugtfgts fra tma sfca ’ whtmbut ugjarstfgjhgn tmft tmara fra jharagt spaihfkhzfbgs hg fiibuggn. Ypaihifkky, gfgihfk cfgfnacagt obr HZ sarvhias raquhras fiibugtfgts whtm f nbbj ugjarstfgjhgn bo ibst fiibuggn ’ f jhsihpkhga bag obugj hg cfguofiturhgn agvhrbgcagts. Ht hs hcpbrtfgt tmft tma ibrrait sehkks fra spaihaj wmag mhrhgn f parsbg tb cfgfna HZ gfgias. © Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

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Ohgfgihfk pbkhihas fgj prfiias whtmhg HZ cust à ibgshstagt whtm tmbsa bo tma rast bo tma brnfghzfbg. Zmhs hs gbt bgky f raquhracagt bo cbst gfgihfk cfgfnacagt kanhskfbg, ranukfbgs fgj àst prfiia, ùt ht fksb ofihkhtftas àar ibccughifbg fgj rapbrgn àtwaag HZ fgj btmar ùshgass ughts.


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Ohgfgihfk Cfgfnacagt obr HZ Yarvhias - \rbiassas Ohgfgihfk cfgfnacagt ibgshsts bo tmraa cfhg prbiassas4 @ujnagn Zmhs hs tma prbiass bo prajhign fgj ibgtrbkkhgn tma hgibca fgj axpagjhtura bo cbgay whtmhg tma brnfghzfbg. @ujnagn ibgshsts bo f parhbjhi ganbfbg iyika tb sat ùjnats (usufkky fggufk) fgj tma cbgtmky cbghtbrhgn bo tma iurragt ùjnats. Fiibuggn Zmhs hs tma prbiass tmft agf`kas tma HZ brnfghzfbg tb fiibugt oukky obr tma wfy hts cbgay hs spagt (pfriukfrky tma f`hkhty tb hjagoy ibsts `y iustbcar, `y sarvhia fgj`y fivhty).Ht usufkky hgvbkvas fiibuggn systacs, hgikujhgn kajnars, imfrts bo fiibugts, dburgfks ati. fgj smbukj à bvarsaag `y sbcabga trfhgaj hg fiibugtfgiy.

Imfrnhgn Zmhs hs tma prbiass raquhraj tb `hkk iustbcars obr tma sarvhias suppkhaj tb tmac. Zmhsraquhras sbugj HZ fiibuggn prfiias fgj systacs.

Ohgfgihfk Cfgfnacagt obr HZ Yarvhias - \rbiassas Hg hgtargfk sarvhia prbvhjars gfgihfk cfgfnacagt pkfys f trfgskfbgfk rbka àtwaag ibrpbrfta gfgihfk systacs fgj sarvhia cfgfnacagt. Zma rasukt bo f sarvhia-brhagtaj fiibuggn ougibg hs tmft ofr nraftar jatfhk fgj ugjarstfgjhgn hs fimhavaj ranfrjhgn sarvhia prbvhshbg fgj ibgsucpbg, fgj tma nagarfbg bo jftf tmft oaajs jhraitky hgtb tma pkfgghgn prbiass. Ohgfgihfk cfgfnacagt ibgshsts bo tmraa cfhg prbiassas4 @ujnagn Zmhs hs tma prbiass bo prajhign fgj ibgtrbkkhgn tma hgibca fgj axpagjhtura bo cbgay whtmhg tma brnfghzfbg. @ujnagn ibgshsts bo f parhbjhi ganbfbg iyika tb sat ùjnats (usufkky fggufk) fgj tma cbgtmky cbghtbrhgn bo tma iurragt ùjnats.


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Fiibuggn Zmhs hs tma prbiass tmft agf`kas tma HZ brnfghzfbg tb fiibugt oukky obr tma wfy hts cbgay hs spagt (pfriukfrky tma f`hkhty tb hjagoy ibsts `y iustbcar, `y sarvhia fgj `y fivhty). Ht usufkky hgvbkvas fiibuggn systacs, hgikujhgn kajnars, imfrts bo fiibugts, dburgfks ati. fgj smbukj à bvarsaag `y sbcabga trfhgaj hg fiibugtfgiy. Imfrnhgn Zmhs hs tma prbiass raquhraj tb `hkk iustbcars obr tma sarvhias suppkhaj tb tmac. Zmhs raquhras sbugj HZ fiibuggn prfiias fgj systacs. Zmara fra twb jhsgit iyikas fssbihftaj whtm fiibuggn, ùjnagn fgj imfrnhgn4 

F pkfgghgn iyika (fggufk), wmara ibstprbdaibgs fgj wbrekbfj obraifsgn obrc f `fshs obr ibst ifkiukfbgs fgj prhia sagn

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Fg bparfbgfk iyika (cbgtmky br qufrtarky) wmara ibsts fra cbghtbraj fgj imaieaj fnfhgst ùjnats, `hkks fra hssuaj fgj ravagua ibkkaitaj.


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Ohgfgihfk Cfgfnacagt obr HZ Yarvhias ’ @ushgass Ifsa

@ushgass ifsa 

F ùshgass ifsa hs f jaihshbg suppbrt fgj pkfgghgn tbbk tmft prbdaits tma kheaky ibgsaquagias bo f ùshgass fibg.

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Zma ibgsaquagias ifg tfea bg qufkhtfva fgj qufgtfva jhcagshbgs.

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F gfgihfk fgfkyshs, obr axfcpka, hs oraquagtky iagtrfk tb f nbbj ùshgass ifsa.

Ohgfgihfk Cfgfnacagt obr HZ Yarvhias ’ @ushgass Ifsa @ushgass ifsa4 F ùshgass ifsa hs f jaihshbg suppbrt fgj pkfgghgn tbbk tmft prbdaits tma kheaky ibgsaquagias bo f ùshgass fibg. Zma ibgsaquagias ifg tfea bg qufkhtfva fgj qufgtfva jhcagshbgs. F gfgihfk fgfkyshs, obr axfcpka, hs oraquagtky iagtrfk tb f nbbj ùshgass ifsa. Zma struitura bo f ùshgass ifsa vfrhas orbc brnfghzfbg tb brnfghzfbg. ^mft tmay fkk mfva hg ibccbg hs f jatfhkaj fgfkyshs bo ùshgass hcpfit br àgats. @ushgass hcpfit hs hg turg khgeaj tb ùshgass b`daivas. F ùshgass b`daiva hs tma rafsbg obr ibgshjarhgn f sarvhia cfgfnacagt hghfva hg tma rst pkfia. B`daivas smbukj stfrt `rbfjky.


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Obr axfcpka4 

Zma ùshgass b`daivas obribccarihfk prbvhjar brnfghzfbgs fra usufkky tma b`daivas bo tma ùshgass htsako, hgikujhgn gfgihfk fgj brnfghzfbgfk parobrcfgia.

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Zma ùshgass b`daivas bo fg hgtargfk sarvhia prbvhjar smbukj à khgeaj tb tma ùshgass b`daivas bo tma ùshgass ught tb wmhim tma sarvhia hs àhgn prbvhjaj, fgj tma bvarfkk ibrpbrfta b`daivas.

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Zma ùshgass b`daivas obr gbt-obr-prbt brnfghzfbgs frausufkky tma b`daivas obrtma ibgstuagts, pbpukfbg br cacàrsmhp sarvaj fs wakk fs gfgihfk fgj brnfghzfbgfk parobrcfgia.


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@ushgass Pakfbgsmhp Cfgfnacagt Zma purpbsa bo tmaùshgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt prbiass hs twb-obkj4 

Zb astf`khsm fgj cfhgtfhg f ùshgass rakfbgsmhp àtwaagtma sarvhia prbvhjar fgj tma iustbcar `fsaj bg ugjarstfgjhgn tma iustbcar fgj tmahr ùshgass gaajs.

B`daivas Agsura tmft tma sarvhia prbvhjar ugjarstfgjs tma iustbcar‘s parspaiva bo sarvhia

Agsura mhnm kavaks bo iustbcar sfsofibg

Astf`khsm fgj cfhgtfhg f ibgstruiva rakfbgsmhp àtwaag tma sarvhia prbvhjar fgj tma iustbcar

@ushgass Pakfbgsmhp Cfgfnacagt \urpbsa fgj b`daivas4 Zma purpbsa bo tma ùshgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt prbiass hs twb-obkj4 

Zb astf`khsm fgj cfhgtfhg f ùshgass rakfbgsmhp àtwaag tmasarvhia prbvhjar fgj tma iustbcar `fsaj bg ugjarstfgjhgn tma iustbcar fgj tmahr ùshgass gaajs.

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Zb hjagoy iustbcargaajs fgj agsuratmft tma sarvhia prbvhjar hs f`katb caat tmasa gaajs fs ùshgass gaajs imfgna bvar ca fgj àtwaag ihriucstfgias. @ushgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt agsuras tmft tma sarvhia prbvhjar ugjarstfgjs tmasa imfgnhgn gaajs. @ushgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt fksb fsshsts tma ùshgass hg friukfgn tma vfkua bo f sarvhia. \ut fgbtmar wfy, ùshgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt agsuras tmft iustbcar axpaitfbgs jb gbt axiaaj wmft tmay fra whkkhgn tb pfy obr, fgj tmft tma sarvhia prbvhjar hs f`ka tb caat tma iustbcar‘s axpaitfbgs àobra fnraahgn tb jakhvar tma sarvhia.


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Zma b`daivas bo ùshgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt hgikuja4 

Agsura tmft tma sarvhia prbvhjar ugjarstfgjs tma iustbcar‘s parspaiva bo sarvhia, fgj hs tmaraobra f`ka tb prhbrhza hts sarvhias fgj sarvhia fssats fpprbprhftaky.

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Agsura mhnm kavaks bo iustbcar sfsofibg, hgjhifgn tmft tma sarvhia prbvhjar hs caagn tma iustbcar‘s raquhracagts.

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Astf`khsm fgj cfhgtfhg f ibgstruiva rakfbgsmhp àtwaagtma sarvhia prbvhjar fgj tma iustbcar `fsaj bg ugjarstfgjhgn tma iustbcar fgj tmahr ùshgass jrhvars.

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Hjagoy imfgnas tb tma iustbcar agvhrbgcagt tmft ibukj pbtagfkky hcpfit tma typa, kavak br ukhzfbg bo sarvhias prbvhjaj.

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Hjagoy taimgbkbny tragjs tmft ibukj pbtagfkky hcpfit tma typa, kavak br ukhzfbg bo sarvhias prbvhjaj.

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Astf`khsm fgj friukfta ùshgass raquhracagts obr gaw sarvhias br imfgnas tb axhsgn sarvhias.

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Agsura tmft tma sarvhia prbvhjar hs caagntma ùshgass gaajs botma iustbcar.

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^bre whtm iustbcars tbagsura tmft sarvhias fgjsarvhia kavaks fra f`katb jakhvar vfkua.

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Cajhfta hg ifsas wmara tmara fra ibghign raquhracagts obr sarvhias orbcjharagt ùshgass ughts.

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Astf`khsm obrcfk ibcpkfhgts fgjasifkfbg prbiassas obrtma iustbcar.


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@ushgass Pakfbgsmhp Cfgfnacagt - Yibpa Yibpa4 Obr hgtargfk sarvhia prbvhjars ùshgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt hs typhifkky axaiutaj àtwaag f saghbr raprasagtfva orbc HZ (kfrnarbrnfghzfbgs cfy mfva jajhiftaj @PCs) fgj saghbr cfgfnars (iustbcars) orbc tma ùshgass ughts. Hg axtargfk sarvhiaprbvhjars ùshgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt hs bag axaiutaj `y f sapfrfta fgj jajhiftaj ougibg bo @PCs br fiibugt cfgfnars ’ afim bga jajhiftaj tb f iustbcar, br nrbup bo scfkkar iustbcars.

Zma prbiasscust obiusbg ugjarstfgjhgn fgj ibccughifgn4 @ushgass butibcas tmft tma iustbcar wfgts tb fimhava. Yarvhias tmft fra iurragtky baraj tb tma iustbcar, fgj tma wfy hg wmhim tmay fra usaj `y tma iustbcar. Zaimgbkbny tragjs tmft ibukj hcpfit iurragt sarvhias fgj tma iustbcar, fgj tma gftura bo tma pbtagfk hcpfit.

@ushgass Pakfbgsmhp Cfgfnacagt - Yibpa Yibpa4 Obr hgtargfk sarvhia prbvhjars ùshgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt hs typhifkky axaiutaj àtwaag f saghbr raprasagtfva orbc HZ (kfrnar brnfghzfbgs cfy mfva jajhiftaj @PCs) fgj saghbr cfgfnars (iustbcars) orbc tma ùshgass ughts. Mara tma acpmfshs hs bg fkhnghgn tma b`daivas bo tma ùshgass whtm tma fivhty bo tma sarvhia prbvhjar. Hg axtargfk sarvhia prbvhjars ùshgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt hs bag axaiutaj `y f sapfrfta fgj jajhiftaj ougibg bo @PCs br fiibugt cfgfnars ’ afim bga jajhiftaj tb f iustbcar, br nrbup bo scfkkar iustbcars. Zma acpmfshs mara hs bg cfxhchzhgn ibgtrfit vfkua tmrbunm iustbcar sfsofibg. @ushgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt obiusas bg ugjarstfgjhgn mbw sarvhias caat iustbcar raquhracagts. Zb fimhava tmhs, tma prbiass cust obius bg ugjarstfgjhgn fgj ibccughifgn4 

@ushgass butibcas tmfttma iustbcar wfgts tb fimhava

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Yarvhias tmft fra iurragtky barajtb tma iustbcar, fgj tma wfy hg wmhim tmay fra usaj `y tma iustbcar


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Zma wfy hg wmhim sarvhias fra iurragtky barajhgikujhgn wmb hs raspbgsh`ka obr tma sarvhias, wmft kavaks bo sarvhia mfva àag fnraaj, tma qufkhty bo sarvhias jakhvaraj fgj fgy imfgnas tmft fra fgihpftaj

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Zaimgbkbny tragjs tmft ibukj hcpfit iurragtsarvhias fgj tma iustbcar, fgj tma gftura bo tma pbtagfk hcpfit

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Kavaks bo iustbcar sfsofibg, fgj wmft fibg pkfgs mfva àag put hg pkfia tb jafk whtm tma ifusas bo jhssfsofibg

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Mbw tb bpchza sarvhias obr tma outura

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Mbw tma sarvhia prbvhjar hs raprasagtajtb tma iustbcar. Zmhs ft cas cafgs rfhshgn ibgiargs frbugj ibcchtcagts tmft tma ùshgass cfja tb HZ ùt hs gbt caagn.


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Jharagia @atwaag @PC fgj YKC @ushgass Pakf bgsmhp Cfgfn acagt

Yarvhia Ka vak Cf gfnacagt

\urpbsa

Zb astf`khsm fgj cfhgtfhg f ùshgass Zb ganbfta sarvhia kavak rakfbgsmhp àtwaag tma sarvhiafnraacagts (wfrrfgty tarcs) prbvhjar fgj tma iustbcar `fsaj bgwhtm iustbcars fgj agsura tmft ugjarstfgjhgn tma iustbcar fgj tmahrfkk sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas, ùshgass gaajs. bparfbgfk kavak fnraacagts Zb hjagoy iustbcar gaajs (ukhty fgjfgj ugjarphgghgn ibgtrfits fra wfrrfgty) fgj agsura tmft tma sarvhiafpprbprhfta obr tma fnraaj sarvhia prbvhjar hs f`ka tb caat tmasa gaajs. kavak tfrnats.

Obius

Zfiifk fgj bparfbgfk ’tma obius Ytrftanhi fgj tfiifk ’ tma obius hs bg hs bg rafimhgn fnraacagt bg tma tma bvarfkk rakfbgsmhp àtwaag tma kavak bo sarvhia tmft whkk àjakhvaraj sarvhia prbvhjar fgj tmahr iustbcar, obr gaw fgj axhsgn sarvhias, fgj fgj wmhim sarvhias tma sarvhia prbvhjar wmatmar tma sarvhia prbvhjar wfs whkk jakhvar tb caat iustbcar gaajs. f`ka tb caat tmbsafnraacagts.

\rhcfry cafsura

Iustbcar fksb fg hcprbvacagtsfsofibg, hg tma iustbcar‘s hgtagbg tb àar usa fgj pfy obr tmaFimhavhgn fnraaj kavaks bo sarvhia. Fgbtmar catrhi hs wmatmarsarvhia (wmhim kafjs tb iustbcar iustbcars fra whkkhgn tb raibccagjsfsofibg). tma sarvhia tb btmar (pbtagfk) iustbcars.

Jharagia @atwaag @PC fgj YKC Orbc tma f`bva pbhgts, ht hs ikafr tmft ùshgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt japagjs bg f gucàr bo btmar sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas fgj ougibgs. Obr axfcpka, tma cfpphgn bo ùshgass butibcas fgj sarvhias hs jbga hg sarvhia pbrbkhb cfgfnacagt. Yarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt prbvhjas hgobrcfbg f`but tma kavaks bo sarvhias fnraaj fgj fimhavaj. Ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt prbvhjas f cfpphgn bo hgorfstruitura, fppkhifbgs, sarvhias, sarvhia bwgars fgj iustbcars. Ifpfihty cfgfnacagt prbvhjas hgobrcfbg f`but ukhzfbg kavaks fgj tma pbtagfk hcpfits bo gaw taimgbkbnhas.


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Qgkass tma rakfbgsmhps àtwaag ùshgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt fgj btmar sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas fra ikafrky hjagaj, tmara hs pbtagfk obr ibgoushbg f`but tma `bugjfrhas àtwaag tmac. Zma cfhg irhtarhbg obr sagn tmasa `bugjfrhas hs tmft ùshgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt obiusas bg tma fitufk rakfbgsmhp àtwaag tma sarvhia prbvhjar fgj hts iustbcars fgj tma kavaks bo iustbcar sfsofibg, wmarafs tma btmar prbiassas obius bg tma sarvhias tmacsakvas, fgj tma axtagttb wmhim tmay caat tma stftaj raquhracagts. Zmhs jbas gbt cafg tmft ùshgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt hs ugibgiargaj whtm tma sarvhias tmacsakvas, ùt tmft ht obiusas bg tma bvarfkk axtagt tb wmhim tma sarvhia prbvhjar hs caagn tma iustbcar‘s gaajs. Ht fksb jbas gbt cafg tmft btmar prbiassas fra gbt ibgiargaj whtm iustbcar sfsofibg, ùt tmft tmay obius bg tma qufkhty bo sarvhias fgj bg spaihi fibgs tmay ifg tfea tb caat iustbcar axpaitfbgs obr tmbsa sarvhias. F nbbj axfcpka bo tma jharagia àtwaag ùshgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt fgj btmar sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas hs tmft bo sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt. @btm tmasa prbiassas hgvbkva ranukfr hgtarofias whtm iustbcars fgj `btm fra ibgiargaj whtm bgnbhgn ravhaws bo sarvhia fgj sarvhia qufkhty. Mbwavar, tma twb prbiassas mfva jharagt purpbsas fgj tma gftura fgj ibgtagt bo tma iustbcar hgtarofia hs jharagt. Ht smbukj fksb à gbtaj tmft ùshgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt hs gbt dust ibgiargaj whtm sarvhia jakhvary fgj suppbrt, ùt fksb whtm tma jashng fgj ùhkjhgn bo sarvhias. Zmhs cafgs tmft ùshgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt hs tma prhcfry prbiass obr strftanhi ibccughifbg whtm iustbcars obr fkk japfrtcagts hg tma sarvhia prbvhja r, hgikujhgn fppkhifbg javakbpcagt tafcs whtmhg tma sarvhia prbvhjar‘s brnfghzfbg.


60>



Nbvargfgia fgj HZ Nbvargfgia Agtarprhsa Nbvargfgia

Ibrpbrfta Nbvargfgia h.a. ibgobrcfgia

@ushgass Nbvargfgia h.a. parobrcfgia

_fkua Irafbg Pasburia

Fiibugtf`hkhty Fssurfgia

Qkhzfbg

Nbvargfgia fgj HZ Nbvargfgia F nbvargfgia orfcawbre hs f iftanbrhzaj fgj struituraj sat bo jbiucagts tmft ikafrky friukfta tma strftany, pbkhihas fgj pkfgs bo tma brnfghzfbg. HZ Nbvargfgia jbas gbt axhst fs f sapfrfta fraf. Yhgia HZ hs pfrt bo tma brnfghzfbg, ht ifggbt à nbvargaj hg f jharagt wfy orbc tma rast bo tma brnfghzfbg. HY B 9=11< raoars tb ibrpbrfta nbvargfgia fgj gbt HZ nbvargfgia. Fktmbunm HZ nbvargfgia hs gbt sapfrfta orbc ibrpbrfta nbvargfgia, ht hs hcpbrtfgt tmft HZ axaiuvas mfva hgput hgtb mbw ibrpbrfta nbvargfgia whkk spaihoy mbw HZ hs nbvargaj. Zmhs hs usufkky jbga tmrbunm staarhgn ibcchaa, wmhim fksb jagas HZ strf tany fgj hs hgvbkvaj hgfkk cfdbr jaihshbgs ranfrjhgn HZ fgj hts rbka hg tma brnfghzfbg. Fs cacàr bo tma axaiuva bo jhraitbrs tma IHB whkk agsura tmft tma ibrpbrfta strftanhas, pbkhihas, rukas, fgj pkfgs hgikuja f mhnm kavak bvarvhaw bo mbw HZ whkk à nbvargaj.


60=



Yuccfry 



Jaghgn f strftany wmara`y f sarvhia prbvhjar whkk jakhvar sarvhias tb caat f iustbcar‘s ùshgass butibcas fgj mbw tb cfgfna tmbsa sarvhias. _fkua hs jagaj gbt bgky strhitky hgtarcs bo tma iustbcar‘s ùshgass butibcas5 ht hs fksb mhnmky japagjagt bg iustbcar‘s pariapbgs fgj praoaragias. \ariapbgs fra hguagiaj `y frhùtas bo f sarvhia, prasagt br prhbr axparhagias whtm shchkfr frhùtas fgj rakfva ifpf`hkhty bo ibcpatbrs fgj btmar paars.



Yarvhia Ytrftany prbiass hgikujas Yarvhia \brbkhb Cfgfnacagt, Jacfgj Cfgfnacagt, Ohgfgihfk Cfgfnacagt fgj @ushgass Pakfbg Cfgfnacagt.



@ushgass ifsa, f jaihshbg suppbrt fgj pkfgghgn tbbk tmft prbdaits tma kheaky ibgsaquagias bo f ùshgass fibg. Zma ibgsaquagias ifg tfea bg qufkhtfva fgj qufgtfva jhcagshbgs.



@PC fgj YKC `btm tmasa prbiassas hgvbkva ranukfr hgtarofias whtmiustbcars fgj `btm fra ibgiargaj whtm bgnbhgn ravhaws bo sarvhia fgj sarvhia qufkhty. Mbwavar, tma twb prbiassas mfva jharagt purpbsas fgj tma gftura fgj ibgtagt bo tma iustbcar hgtarofia hs jharagt.


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Fssasscagt


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^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn prbiassas ibgtrhùtas CBYZ tb qufgoyhgn tma gfgihfk vfkua bo HZ sarvhias fgj fssats2 f. Yarvhia Kavak Cfgfnacagt `. Ohgfgihfk Cfgfnacagt i. Jacfgj Cfgfnacagt j. Yarvhia Bparfbg

0.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn hs ibgiargaj whtm ofhrgass fgj trfgspfragiy2 f. Ifpfihty Cfgfnacagt. `. HZ Nbvargfgia i. Yarvhia Jashng j. Yarvhia Kavak Cfgfnacagt.

9.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn hs tma CBYZ fiiurfta jaghbg bo @ushgass ifsa2 f. F jaihshbg cfehgn hgstrucagt tmft pkfgs obr tma kheaky ibgsaquagias bo f ùshgass fibg. `. F jaihshbg cfehgn, suppbrt fgj pkfgghgn hgstrucagt tmft pkfgs obr tma kheaky ibgsaquagias bo f ùshgass fibg. i. F jaihshbg cfehgn hgstrucagt tmftmakps tb ka f ifsa hg tma iburt bo kfw. j. Fkk bo tma f`bva

:.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn hs f CFDBP fivhty bo Jacfgj Cfgfnacagt2 f. Hgirafshgn iustbcar vfkua `. Qgjarstfgjhgn pfargs bo ùshgass fivhty i. Hgirafshgn tma vfkua bo HZ j. Fkhnghgn tma ùshgass whtm HZ ibst


690



1.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn stftacagts hs IBPPAIZ f`but pfargs bo jacfgj nagarftaj `y tma iustbcar‘s ùshgass2 f. Zmay fra jrhvag `y pfargs bo ùshgass fivhty `. Ht hs hcpbssh`ka tb prajhit mbw tmay àmfva i. Ht hs hcpbssh`ka tb hguagia jacfgj pfargs j. Zmay fra jrhvag `y tma jakhvary simajuka nagarftaj `y Ifpfihty Cfgfnacagt

?.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn quasbgs hs GBZ fgswaraj `y hgobrcfbg hg tma Yarvhia \brbkhb2 f. Mbw smbukj bur rasburias fgj ifpf`hkhas à fkkbiftaj2 `. ^mft bppbrtughas fra tmara hg tma cfreat2 i. ^my smbukj f iustbcar ùy tmasa sarvhias2 j. ^mft fra tma prhihgn br imfrna`fie cbjaks2

>.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn fra tma twb prhcfry akacagts tmft irafta vfkua obr iustbcars2 f. _fkua bg Hgvastcagt `. Iustbcar fgj Qsar sfsofibg i. Qgjarstfgjhgn Yarvhia Paquhracagts fgj ^frrfgty j. Qkhty fgj ^frrfgty


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Kafrghgn B`daivas Far ibcpkabg bo tmhs cbjuka pfrihpfgts whkk à f`ka tb4 

Qgjarstfgj fgj axpkfhg tma eay ibgiapts bo Yarvhia Jashng.



Axpkfhg mbw Yarvhia Jashng ibgtrhùtas tb tma Yarvhia Khoaiyika.



Qgjarstfgj tma eay prhgihpkas fgj cbjaks bo Yarvhia Jashng.



Axpkfhg tma mhnm-kavak b`daivas, sibpa, `fshi ibgiapts fgj

prbiass fivhas

bo tma obkkbwhgn prbiassas4

• 

Yarvhia Kavak Cfgfnacagt

Axpkfhg tma B`daivas, sibpa fgj `fshi ibgiapts bo 4 • Yarvhia Iftfkbnua Cfgfnacagt

•

Fvfhkf`hkhty Cfgfnacagt

•

Hgobrcfbg Yaiurhty Cfgfnacagt

•

Yuppkhar Cfgfnacagt

•

Ifpfihty Cfgfnacagt

•

HZ Yarvhia Ibgguhty Cfgfnacagt


69?



Yarvhia Jashng \rbiassas Zmasa prbiassas fra prhgihpfkky raspbgsh`ka obr prbvhjhgn eay hgobrcfbg obr tma jashng bo gaw br imfgnaj sarvhia sbkubgs. Zma prbiassas fra4 

Jashng Ibbrjhgfbg



Yarvhia Iftfkbnua Cfgfnacagt






Fvfhkf`hkhty Cfgfnacagt



Ifpfihty Cfgfnacagt



HZ Yarvhia I bgguhty Cfgfnacagt (HZYIC)



Hgobrcfbg Yaiurhty Cfgfnacagt



Yuppkhar Cfgfnacagt

Yarvhia Jashng \rbiassas Zmara fra gb shtufbgs whtmhg HZ sarvhia prbvhshbg whtm ahtmar hgtargfk br axtargfk sarvhia prbvhjars wmara tmara fra gb prbiassas hg tma sarvhia jashng fraf. Fkk HZ sarvhia prbvhjar brnfghzfbgs fkrafjy mfva sbca akacagts bo tmahr fpprbfim tb tma va fspaits bo sarvhia jashng hg pkfia, gb cfar mbw `fshi. @aobra stfrgn bg tma hcpkacagtfbg br tma hcprbvacagt bo fivhas fgj prbiassas, f ravhaw smbukj à ibgjuitaj bo wmft akacagts fra hg pkfia fgj wbrehgn suiiassoukky. Cfgy sarvhia prbvhjar brnfghzfbgs fkrafjy mfva cftura prbiassas hg pkfia obr jashnghgn HZ sarvhias fgj sbkubgs. Hg brjar tb javakbp aaiva fgj aihagt sarvhia sbkubgs tmft caat tma iurragt fgj avbkvhgn raquhracagts bo tma ùshgass fs wakk fs tma gaajs bo HZ, ht hs assagfk tmft tma hgputs fgj gaajs bo fkk btmar frafs fgj prbiassas fra ibgshjaraj fgj ravhawaj whtmhg afim bo tma sarvhia jashng fivhas. Zmhs whkk agsura tmft fkk sarvhia sbkubgs fra ibgshstagt fgj ibcpf`ka whtm axhsgn sbkubgs fgj whkk caat tma axpaitfbgs bo tma iustbcars fgj usars. Irhifk ofiats bo tma eay prbiassas smbukj à ibgsbkhjftaj hgtb fkk bo tma sarvhia jashng fivhas, b tmft fkk hgputs fra futbcfifkky raoaragiaj avary ca f gaw br imfgnaj sarvhia sbkubg hs prbjuiaj. © Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

69>



Zma Yarvhia Jashng pfiefna Jbiucagt(s) jaghgn fkk fspaits bo fg HZ Yarvhia fgj hts Paquhracagts tmrbunm afim stfna bo hts Khoaiyika. F Yarvhia Jashng \fiefna hs prbjuiaj obr 4 

Avary Gaw Yarvhia



Cfdbr Imfgna



HZ Yarvhia Paracagt

Zmhs pfie hs pfssaj orbc Yarvhia Jashng tb Yarvhia Zrfgshbg fgj jatfhks fkk fspaits bo tma sarvhia fgj hts raquhracagts tmrbunm fkk bo tma su`saquagt stfnas bo hts khoaiyika.

Zma Yarvhia Jashng pfiefna F ”Yarvhia Jashng \fiefna‘ br YJ\ smbukj à prbjuiaj jurhgn tma jashng stfna, obr afim gaw sarvhia, cfdbr imfgna tb f sarvhia br racbvfk bo f sarvhia br imfgnas tb tma ”Yarvhia Jashng \fiefna‘ htsako. Zmhs pfie hs tmag pfssaj orbc Yarvhia Jashng tb Yarvhia Zrfgshbg fgj jatfhks fkk fspaits bo tma sarvhia fgj hts raquhracagts tmrbunm fkk bo tma su`saquagt stfnas bo hts khoaiyika.


69=



Zma Obur \‘s bo Yarvhia Jashng Yarvhia Cfgfnacagt hcpkacagtfbg hs f`but prapfrhgn fgj pkfgghgn tma aaiva fgj aihagt usa bo tma obur \‘s.

\ \abpka \rbiassas

\rbjuits \frtgars



\abpka Yehkks



\abpka ibcpatagihas hgvbkvaj hg prbvhjhgn HZ sarvhias





\rbiass Pbkas Paspbgsh`hkhas hgvbkvaj hg prbvhjhgn HZ sarvhias



Zaimgbkbny



Zbbks usaj hg tma prbvhshbg bo tmasa sarvhias



Yuppkhars Cfguofiturars



 

_agjbrs usaj tb fsshst hg tmasa sarvhias


698



Bvarvhaw bo Yarvhia Jashng Zma ùshgass @u sh gasssarv h iaF

@ u s hg as ss ar v hi a@

@ushgass @ushgass @ushgass \rbiass 9 9 \rbiass 6 0 0 prbiass

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HZ sarvhia prbvhjar Yarvhia egbwkajna cfgfnacagt systac

Yarvhia strftany

Yarvhia jashng

Jashng bo cfgfnacagt hgobrcfbg systacs fgj tbbks

Jashng bo prbiassas Yarvhia trfgshbg

Yarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiass Yarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiass

Yarvhia bparfbg

Yarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiass

Ibggufk sarvhia hcprbvacagt

Yarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiass Yarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiass

1

:

9

Jashng bo sarvhia sbkubgs

Yarvhia pbrbkhb

Jashng bo taimgbkbny frimhtaituras fgj

Yarvhia iftfkbnua

cfgfnacagt frimhtaituras

0

Jashng bo cafsuracagt catmbjs fgj catrhis

6

Yuppbrt tafcs

Yuppkhars

Bvarvhaw bo Yarvhia Jashng Fkk jashngs fgj jashng fivhas gaaj tb à jrhvag prhgihpfkky `y tma ùshgass gaajs fgj raquhracagts bo tma brnfghzfbg. ^htmhg tmhs ibgtaxt tmay cust fksb raait tma gaajs bo tma strftanhas, pkfgs fgj pbkhihas prbjuiaj `y Yarvhia Ytrftany prbiassas. Zma eay butput bo tma Yarvhia Jashng stfna hs tma jashng bo sarvhia sbkubgs tb caat tma imfgnhgn raquhracagts bo tma ùshgass. Mbwavar, wmag jashnghgn tmasa sbkubgs, hgput orbc cfgy jharagt frafs gaajs tb à ibgshjaraj whtmhg tma vfrhbus fivhas hgvbkvaj hg jashnghgn tma sarvhia sbkubg, orbc hjagoyhgn fgj fgfkyshgn raquhracagts, tmrbunm tb ùhkjhgn f sbkubg fgj YJ\ tb mfgj bvar tb Yarvhia Zrfgshbg.


6:<



Hg brjar tb javakbp aaiva fgj aihagt sarvhia sbkubgs tmft caat fgj ibggua tb caat tma raquhracagts bo tma ùshgass fgj tma gaajs bo HZ, ht hs assagfk tmft fkk tma hgputs fgj gaajs bo fkk btmar frafs fgj prbiassas fra raibgshjaraj whtmhg afim bo tma Yarvhia Jashng fivhas, fs hkkustrftaj hg Ohnura. Zmhs whkk agsura tmft fkk sarvhia sbkubgs fra ibgshstagt fgj ibcpf`ka whtm axhsgn sbkubgs fgj whkk caat tma axpaitfbgs bo tma iustbcars fgj usars. Zmhs whkk cbst aaivaky à fimhavaj `y ibgsbkhjfgn tmasa ofiats bo tma eay prbiassas hgtb fkk bo tmasa Yarvhia Jashng fivhas, sb tmft fkk hgputs fra futbcfifkky raoaragiaj avary ca f gaw br imfgnaj sarvhia sbkubg hs prbjuiaj.


6:6



Ohva Fspaits bo Yarvhia Jashng

Zmara fra va



Yarvhia sbkubgs obr gaw br imfgnaj sarvhias.

hgjhvhjufks fspaits



Cfgfnacagt hgobrcfbg systac fgj tbbks.



Zaimgbkbny frimhtaituras fgj cfgfnacagt frimhtaituras.



Zma prbiass raquhraj.



Cafsuracagt catmbjs fgj catrhis.

bo sarvhia jashng fgj tma fspaits fra tma jashng bo4

Ht hs hcpbrtfgt tmft mbkhsi, rasukts jrhvag fpprbfim tb fkk fspaits bo jashng hs fjbptaj, fgj tmft wmag imfgnhgn br fcagjhgn fgy bo tma hgjhvhjufk akacagts bo jashng fra ibgshjaraj.

Ohva Fspaits bo Yarvhia Jashng Mbkhsi sarvhia jashng4 Zmara fra va hgjhvhjufks fspaits bo sarvhia jashng fgj tma fspaits

fra tma jashng bo4 Yarvhia sbkubgs obr gaw br imfgnaj sarvhias4Zmara fra cfgy fivhas tmft mfva tb à

ibcpkataj whtmhg tma Yarvhia Jashng stfna obr f gaw br imfgnaj sarvhia. F obrcfk fgj struituraj fpprbfim hs raquhraj tb prbjuia tma gaw sarvhia ft tma rhnmt ibst, ougibgfkhty, qufkhty fgj whtmhg tma rhnmt ca orfca. Zma frafs tmft gaaj tb à ibgshjaraj whtmhg tma jashng bo tma sarvhia sbkubg smbukj hgikuja4 

Fgfkysa tma fnraaj ùshgass raquhracagts



Pavhaw tma axhsgn HZ sarvhias fgj hgorfstruitura fgj prbjuia fktargfva sarvhia sbkubgs, whtm f vhaw tb ra-ushgn br axpkbhgn axhsgn ibcpbgagts fgj sarvhias wmaravar pbssh`ka


6:0





Jashng tma sarvhia sbkubgs tb tma gaw raquhracagts, hgikujhgn tmahr ibgstuagt ibcpbgagts, hg tarcs bo tma obkkbwhgn, fgj jbiucagt tmhs jashng4 •

Zma ofihkhas fgj ougibgfkhty raquhraj, fgj hgobrcfbg raquhraj obr tma cbghtbrhgn bo tma parobrcfgia bo tma sarvhia br prbiass.

•

Zma ùshgass prbiassas suppbrtaj, japagjagihas, prhbrhas, irhifkhty fgj hcpfit bo tma sarvhia, tbnatmar whtm tma ùshgass àgats tmft whkk à jakhvaraj `y tma sarvhia.

•

@ushgass iyikas fgj safsbgfk vfrhfbgs, fgj tma rakftaj ùshgass trfgsfibg kavaks, sarvhia trfgsfibg kavaks, tma gucàrs fgj typas bo usars fgj fgihpftaj outura nrbwtm, fgj tma ùshgass ibgguhty raquhracagts.

•

Yarvhia Kavak Paquhracagts fgj sarvhia kavak tfrnats fgj tma gaiassfry sarvhia cafsurhgn, rapbrgn fgj ravhawhgn fivhas.

•

Zma casifkas hgvbkvaj fgj tma pkfggaj butibcas orbc tma gaw sarvhia fgj tma hcpfit bg fgy axhsgn sarvhias.

•

Zma raquhracagts obr tasgn, hgikujhgn fgy Qsar Fiiaptfgia Zasgn (QFZ) fgj raspbgsh`hkhas obr cfgfnhgn tma tast rasukts.



Agsura tmft tma ibgtagts bo tma Yarvhia Fiiaptfgia Irhtarhf (YFI) fra hgibrpbrftaj fgj tma raquhraj fimhavacagts pkfggaj hgtb tma hghfk jashng.



Avfkufta fgj ibst fktargfva jashngs, mhnmkhnmgn fjvfgtfnas fs wakk fs jhsfjvfgtfnas bo tma fktargfvas.



Fnraa tma axpagjhtura fgj ùjnats.



Pa-avfkufta fgj ibgrc tma ùshgass àgats, hgikujhgn tma Paturg bg Hgvastcagt (PbH) orbc tma sarvhia, hgikujhgn hjagifbg fgj qufgifbg bo fkk sarvhia ibsts fgj fkk ùshgass àgats fgj hgirafsaj ravaguas. Zma ibsts smbukj ibvar tma Zbtfk Ibst bo Bwgarsmhp (ZIB) bo tma sarvhia fgj hgikuja stfrt-up ibsts suim fs jashng ibsts, trfgshbg ibsts, prbdait ùjnat, fgj fkk bgnbhgn bparfbgfk ibsts hgikujhgn cfgfnacagt, suppbrt fgj cfhgtagfgia.



Fnraa tma praoarraj sbkubg fgj hts pkfggaj butibcas fgj tfrnats (Yarvhia Kavak Paquhracagt (YKP)).


6:9



Cfgfnacagt hgobrcfbg systac fgj tbbks4 Zma cbst aaiva wfy bo cfgfnhgn fkk fspaits bo sarvhias tmrbunm tmahr khoaiyika hs `y ushgn fpprbprhfta cfgfnacagt systacs fgj tbbks

tb suppbrt fgj futbcfta aihagt prbiassas. Zma Yarvhia \brbkhb hs tma cbst irhifk cfgfnacagt systac usaj tb suppbrt fkk prbiassas fgj jasirhàs f prbvhjar‘s sarvhias hg tarcs bo ùshgass vfkua. Ht friukftas ùshgass gaajs fgj tma prbvhjar‘s raspbgsa tb tmbsa gaajs. @y jaghbg, ùshgass vfkua tarcs ibrraspbgj tb cfreat tarcs, prbvhjhgn f cafgs obr ibcpfrhgn sarvhia ibcpavagass firbss fktargfva prbvhjars. Zma Jashng bo Zaimgbkbny fgj Cfgfnacagt frimhtaituras fgj tbbks raquhraj tb prbvhja sarvhias4 Zma frimhtaiturfk jashng fivhas whtmhg fg HZ brnfghzfbg fra ibgiargaj whtm

prbvhjhgn tma bvarfkk strftanhi ”`kuaprhgts‘ obr tma javakbpcagt fgj japkbycagt bo fg HZ hgorfstruitura ’ f sat bo fppkhifbgs fgj jftf tmft sfsoy tma iurragt fgj outura gaajs bo tma ùshgass. Fktmbunm tmasa fspaits ugjarphg tma jakhvary bo qufkhty HZ sarvhias, tmay fkbga ifggbt jakhvar qufkhty HZ sarvhias, fgj ht hs assagfk tmft tma pabpka, prbiass fgj pfrtgar/ suppkhar fspaits surrbugjhgn tmasa taimgbkbnhifk ibcpbgagts (prbjuits) fra fksb ibgshjaraj. Hg assagia, frimhtaiturfk jashng ifg à jagaj fs4 ”Zma javakbpcagt fgj cfhgtagfgia bo HZ pbkhihas, strftanhas, frimhtaituras, jashngs,

jbiucagts, pkfgs fgj prbiassas obr tma japkbycagt fgj su`saquagt bparfbg fgj hcprbvacagt bo fpprbprhfta HZ sarvhias fgj sbkubgs tmrbunmbut fg brnfghzfbg.‘ Zma jashng bo tma prbiass gaajaj tb jashng, trfgshbg, bparfta fgj hcprbva sarvhias 4

F prbiass hs f struituraj sat bo fivhas jashngaj tb fiibcpkhsm f spaihi b`daiva. F prbiass tfeas bga br cbra hgputs fgj turgs tmac hgtb jagaj butputs. F prbiass hgikujas fkk bo tma rbkas, raspbgsh`hkhas, tbbks fgj cfgfnacagt ibgtrbks raquhraj tb rakhf`ky jakhvar tma butputs. F prbiass cfy fksb jaga br ravhsa pbkhihas, stfgjfrjs, nuhjakhgas, fivhas, prbiassas, prbiajuras fgj wbre hgstruibgs ho tmay fra gaajaj. F prbiass cbjak agf`kas ugjarstfgjhgn fgj makps tb friukfta tma jhsgiva oafturas bo f prbiass. \rbiass ibgtrbk ifg à jagaj fs4

Zma fivhty bo pkfgghgn fgj ranukfgn f prbiass, whtm tma b`daiva bo parobrchgn f prbiass hg fg aaiva, aihagt fgj ibgshstagt cfggar. Zma jashng bo Cafsuracagt systacs, catmbjs fgj catrhis obr sarvhias, tma frimhtaituras

fgj ibgstuagt ibcpbgagts4 Hg brjar tb cfgfna fgj ibgtrbk tma jashng prbiassas, tmay


6::



mfva tb à cbghtbraj fgj cafsuraj. Zmhs hs trua obr fkk fspaits bo tma jashng prbiassas. Cafsuracagts fgj catrhis fra ibvaraj hg jatfhk hg tma Ibggufk Yarvhia Hcprbvacagt pu`khifbg. Zmhs saibg ibvars tmbsa fspaits tmft fra pfriukfrky rakavfgt fgj fpprbprhfta tb cafsurhgn tma qufkhty bo tma jashng prbiassas fgj tmahr jakhvarf`kas. Zma prbiass cafsuracagts sakaitaj gaaj tb à fpprbprhfta obr tma ifpf`hkhty fgj cfturhty bo tma prbiassas àhgn cafsuraj. Hccftura prbiassas fra gbt ifpf`ka bo suppbrgn

sbpmhsiftaj cafsuracagts, catrhis fgj cafsuracagt catmbjs. Zmara fra obur typas bo catrhis tmft ifg à usaj tb cafsura tma ifpf`hkhty fgj parobrcfgia bo prbiassas4 \rbnrass4 chkastbgas fgj jakhvarf`kas hg tma ifpf`hkhty bo tma prbiass. Ibcpkhfgia4 ibcpkhfgia bo tma prbiass tb nbvargfgia raquhracagts, ranukftbry raquhracagts

fgj ibcpkhfgia bo pabpka tb tma usa bo tma prbiass. Aaivagass4 tma fiiurfiy fgj ibrraitgass bo tma prbiass fgj hts f`hkhty tb jakhvar tma ”rhnmt

rasukt‘. Aihagiy4 tma prbjuivhty bo tma prbiass, hts spaaj, tmrbunmput fgj rasburia ukhzfbg.


6:1



Jashng Ibbrjhgfbg \rbiass \urpbsa Zma purpbsa bo tma jashng ibbrjhgfbg prbiass hs tb agsura tma nbfks fgj b`daivas bo tma sarvhia jashng stfna fra cat `y prbvhjhgn fgj cfhgtfhghgn f shgnka pbhgt bo ibbrjhgfbg fgj ibgtrbk obr fkk fivhas fgj prbiassas whtmhg tmhs stfna bo tma sarvhia khoaiyika.

B`daivas 

Ibbrjhgfta fkk jashng fivhas firbss prbdaits, imfgnas, suppkhars fgj suppbrt tafcs, fgj cfgfna simajukas, rasburias fgj ibghits wmara raquhraj.



\kfg fgj ibbrjhgfta tma rasburias fgj ifpf`hkhas raquhraj tb jashng gaw br imfgnaj sarvhias.



\rbjuia sarvhia jashng pfiefnas (YJ\s) `fsaj bg sarvhia imfrtars fgj imfgna raquasts.



Agsura tmft fpprbprhfta sarvhia jashngs fgj/br YJ\s fra prbjuiaj fgj tmft tmay fra mfgjaj bvar tb sarvhia trfgshbg fs fnraaj.

Jashng Ibbrjhgfbg \rbiass \urpbsa fgj b`daivas4 Zma purpbsa bo tma jashng ibbrjhgfbg prbiass hs tb agsura tma

nbfks fgj b`daivas bo tma sarvhia jashng stfna fra cat `y prbvhjhgn fgj cfhgtfhghgn f shgnka pbhgt bo ibbrjhgfbg fgj ibgtrbk obr fkk fivhas fgj prbiassas whtmhg tmhs stfna bo tma sarvhia khoaiyika. Zma b`daivas bo tma jashng ibbrjhgfbg prbiass fra tb4 

Agsura tma ibgshstagt jashng bo fpprbprhfta sarvhias, sarvhia cfgfnacagt hgobrcfbg systacs, frimhtaituras, taimgbkbny, prbiassas, hgobrcfbg fgj catrhis tb caat iurragt fgj avbkvhgn ùshgass butibcas fgj raquhracagts.


6:?





Ibbrjhgfta fkk jashng fivhas firbss prbdaits, imfgnas, suppkhars fgj suppbrt tafcs, fgj cfgfna simajukas, rasburias fgj ibghits wmara raquhraj.



\kfg fgj ibbrjhgfta tma rasburias fgj ifpf`hkhas raquhraj tb jashng gaw br imfgnaj sarvhias.



\rbjuia sarvhia jashng pfiefnas (YJ\s) `fsaj bg sarvhia imfrtars fgj imfgna raquasts.



Agsura tmft fpprbprhfta sarvhia jashngs fgj/br YJ\s fra prbjuiaj fgj tmft tmay fra mfgjaj bvar tb sarvhia trfgshbg fs fnraaj.



Cfgfna tma qufkhty irhtarhf, raquhracagts fgj mfgjbvar pbhgts àtwaag tma sarvhia jashng stfna fgj sarvhia strftany fgj sarvhia trfgshbg.



Agsura tmft fkk sarvhia cbjaks fgj sarvhia sbkubg jashngs ibgobrc tb strftanhi, frimhtaiturfk, nbvargfgia fgj btmar ibrpbrfta raquhracagts.



Hcprbva tma aaivagass fgj aihagiy bo sarvhia jashng fivhas fgj prbiassas.



Agsura tmft fkk pfras fjbpt f ibccbg orfcawbre bo stfgjfrj, rausf`ka jashng prfiias hg tma obrc bo fivhas, prbiassas fgj suppbrgn systacs, wmagavar fpprbprhfta.



Cbghtbr fgj hcprbva tma parobrcfgia bo tma sarvhia jashng khoaiyika stfna.


6:>



Jashng Ibbrjhgfbg \rbiass Yibpa Zma sibpa bo tma jashng ibbrjhgfbg prbiass hgikujas fkk jashng fivhty, pfriukfrky fkk gaw br imfgnaj sarvhia sbkubgs tmft fra àhgn jashngaj obr trfgshbg hgtb (br but bo, hg tma ifsa bo f sarvhia raracagt) tma khva agvhrbgcagt. Zma Jashng ibbrjhgfbg prbiass hgikujas4 

Fsshsgn fgj suppbrgn afim prbdait br btmar imfgna tmrbunm fkk tma sarvhia jashng fivhas fgj prbiassas



Cfhgtfhghgn pbkhihas, nuhjakhgas, stfgjfrjs, ùjnats, cbjaks, rasburias fgj

ifpf`hkhas obr sarvhia jashng fivhas fgj prbiassas. 

Ibbrjhgfgn, prhbrhzhgn fgj simajukhgn bo fkk sarvhia jashng rasburias tb sfsoy ibghign jacfgjs orbc fkk prbdaits fgj imfgnas.

Jashng Ibbrjhgfbg \rbiass Yibpa4 Zma sibpa bo tma jashng ibbrjhgfbg prbiass hgikujas fkk jashng fivhty, pfriukfrky

fkk gaw br imfgnaj sarvhia sbkubgs tmft fra àhgn jashngaj obr trfgshbg hgtb (br but bo, hg tma ifsa bo f sarvhia raracagt) tma khva agvhrbgcagt. Ybca jashng abrts whkk à pfrt bo f prbdait, wmarafs btmars whkk à cfgfnaj tmrbunm tma imfgna prbiass fkbga whtmbut f obrcfkky jagaj prbdait. Ybca jashng abrts whkk à axtagshva fgj ibcpkax wmhka btmars whkk à shcpka fgj swh. Gbt avary jashng fivhty raquhras tma sfca kavak bo rhnbr tb agsura suiiass, sb f shnghifgt gucàr bo jashng abrts whkk raquhra khka br gb hgjhvhjufk fagbg orbc tma jashng ibbrjhgfbg prbiass. Cbst jashng ibbrjhgfbg prbiass fivhty obiusas frbugj tmbsa jashng abrts tmft fra pfrt bo f prbdait, fs wakk fs tmbsa tmft fra fssbihftaj whtm imfgnas bo jagaj typas. Zyphifkky, tma imfgnas tmft raquhra tma cbst fagbg orbc jashng ibbrjhgfbg fra cfdbr imfgnas, ùt fgy imfgna tmft fg brnfghzfbg àkhavas ibukj àgat orbc jashng ibbrjhgfbg cfy à hgikujaj.


6:=



Afim brnfghzfbg smbukj jaga tma irhtarhf tmft whkk à usaj tb jatarchga tma kavak bo rhnbur br fagbg tb à fppkhaj hg jashng ibbrjhgfbg obr afim jashng. Ybca brnfghzfbgs tfea tma parspaiva tmft fkk imfgnas, ranfrjkass bo mbw scfkk hg sibpa, mfva f ”jashng‘ stfna, fs ht hs hcpbrtfgt tmft fkk imfgnas mfva ikafr fgj ibrrait pkfgs obr mbw tb hcpkacagt tmac. Hg tmhs parspaiva, tma khoaiyika stfna bo sarvhia jashng skk biiurs, avag ho tma jashngs obr shcpka stfgjfrj imfgnas fra usufkky pra-ùhkt fgj fra rausaj oraquagtky fgj quhieky. Ybcacas tma stfna hs quhta ibcpkax fgj kbgn fgj sbcacas ht hs shcpky f rfphj imaie tmft tma rhnmt ”jashng‘ (prbiajura) hs àhgn usaj. Btmar brnfghzfbgs tfea tma parspaiva tmft bgky imfgnas tmft t iartfhg irhtarhf, suim fs tmbsa fssbihftaj whtm f prbdait br cfdbr imfgna, mfva f obrcfk sarvhia jashng stfna. Hg tmhs parspaiva, imfgnas tmft ofhk tb caat tma fnraaj irhtarhf cfy à ibgshjaraj but bo tma sibpa bo tmhs prbiass. ^mhimavar parspaiva hs fjbptaj `y fg brnfghzfbg, tma agj rasukt smbukj à cbra suiiassouk imfgnas tmft jakhvar tma raquhraj ùshgass butibcas whtm chghcfk jhsrupbg br btmar ganfva hcpfits bg ùshgass bparfbgs. Ho fg brnfghzfbg‘s fpprbfim prbjuias tmft rasukt, tmag tma brnfghzfbg hs parobrchgn jashng ibbrjhgfbg ibrraitky. Zma jashng ibbrjhgfbg prbiass hgikujas4 

Fsshsgn fgj suppbrgn afim prbdait br btmar imfgna tmrbunm fkk tma sarvhia jashng fivhas fgj prbiassas.



Cfhgtfhghgn pbkhihas, nuhjakhgas, stfgjfrjs, ùjnats, cbjaks, rasburias fgj ifpf`hkhas obr sarvhia jashng fivhas fgj prbiassas.



Ibbrjhgfgn, prhbrhzhgn fgj simajukhgn bo fkk sarvhia jashng rasburias tb sfsoy ibghign jacfgjs orbc fkk prbdaits fgj imfgnas.



\kfgghgn fgj obraifsgn tma rasburias gaajaj obr tma outura jacfgj obr sarvhia jashng fivhas.



Pavhawhgn, cafsurhgn fgj hcprbvhgn tma parobrcfgia bo fkk sarvhia jashng fivhas fgj prbiassas.



Agsurhgn tmft fkk raquhracagts fra fpprbprhftaky fjjrassaj hg sarvhia jashngs, pfriukfrky ukhty fgj wfrrfgty raquhracagts.



Agsurhgn tma prbjuibg bo sarvhia jashngs fgj/ br YJ\s fgj tmahr mfgjbvar tb sarvhia trfgshbg.


6:8



Zma jashng ibbrjhgfbg prbiass jbas gbt hgikuja4 

Paspbgsh`hkhty obr fgy fivhas br prbiassas butshja bo tma jashng stfna bo tma sarvhia khoaiyika.



Paspbgsh`hkhty obr jashnghgn tma jatfhkaj sarvhia sbkubgs tmacsakvas br tma prbjuibg bo tma hgjhvhjufk pfrts bo tma YJ\s. Zmasa fra tma raspbgsh`hkhty bo tma hgjhvhjufk prbdaits br sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas.


61<



Yarvhia Iftfkbnua Cfgfnacagt \urpbsa Zma \urpbsa4 Zb prbvhja fgj cfhgtfhg f shgnka sburia bo ibgshstagt hgobrcfbg bg fkk bparfbgfk sarvhias fgj tmbsa àhgn prapfraj tb à rug bparfbgfkky.

B`daivas 



Cfgfna tma hgobrcfbg ibgtfhgaj whtmhg tma sarvhia iftfkbnua. Agsura tmft tma sarvhia iftfkbnua hs fiiurfta fgj raaits tma iurragt jatfhks, stftus, hgtarofias fgj japagjagihas bo fkk sarvhias tmft fra àhgn rug, br àhgn

prapfraj tb rug, hg tma khva agvhrbgcagt, fiibrjhgn tb tma jagaj pbkhihas. 

Agsura tmft tma sarvhia iftfkbnua hs cfja fvfhkf`ka tb tmbsa fpprbvaj tb fiiass ht hg f cfggar tmft suppbrts tmahr aaiva fgj aihagt usa bo sarvhia

iftfkbnua hgobrcfbg.

Yarvhia Iftfkbnua Cfgfnacagt Zma purpbsa bo tma sarvhia iftfkbnua cfgfnacagt prbiass hs tb prbvhja fgj cfhgtfhg f

shgnka sburia bo ibgshstagt hgobrcfbg bg fkk bparfbgfk sarvhias fgj tmbsa àhgn prapfraj tb à rug bparfbgfkky, fgj tb agsura tmft ht hs whjaky fvfhkf`ka tb tmbsa wmb fra futmbrhzaj tb fiiass ht. Zma b`daivas bo tma sarvhia iftfkbnua cfgfnacagt prbiass fra tb4 



Cfgfna tma hgobrcfbg ibgtfhgaj whtmhg tma sarvhia iftfkbnua. Agsura tmft tma sarvhia iftfkbnua hs fiiurfta fgj raaits tma iurragt jatfhks, stftus, hgtarofias fgj japagjagihas bo fkk sarvhias tmft fra àhgn rug, br àhgn prapfraj tb rug, hg tma khva agvhrbgcagt, fiibrjhgn tb tma jagaj pbkhihas.


616





Agsura tmft tma sarvhia iftfkbnua hs cfja fvfhkf`ka tb tmbsa fpprbvaj tb fiiass ht hg f cfggar tmft suppbrts tmahr aaiva fgj aihagt usa bo sarvhia iftfkbnua hgobrcfbg.



Agsura tmft tma sarvhia iftfkbnua suppbrts tma avbkvhgn gaajs bo fkk btmar sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas obr sarvhia iftfkbnua hgobrcfbg, hgikujhgn fkk hgtarofia fgj

japagjagiy hgobrcfbg.


610



Yarvhia Iftfkbnua Cfgfnacagt Yibpa Zma sibpa bo tma sarvhia iftfkbnua cfgfnacagt prbiass hs tb prbvhja fgj cfhgtfhg fiiurfta hgobrcfbg bg fkk sarvhias tmft fra àhgn trfgshbgaj br mfva àag trfgshbgaj tb tma khva agvhrbgcagt. Zma sarvhia iftfkbnua cfgfnacagt prbiass ibvars4 

Ibgtrhùbg tb tma jaghbg bo sarvhias fgj sarvhia pfiefnas.



Javakbpcagt fgj cfhgtagfgia bo sarvhia fgj sarvhia pfiefna jasirhpbgs fpprbprhfta obr tma sarvhia iftfkbnua.



\rbjuibg fgj cfhgtagfgia bo fg fiiurfta sarvhia iftfkbnua.

Yarvhia Iftfkbnua Cfgfnacagt Yibpa4 Zma sibpa bo tma sarvhia iftfkbnua cfgfnacagt prbiass hs tb prbvhja fgj cfhgtfhg

fiiurfta hgobrcfbg bg fkk sarvhias tmft fra àhgn trfgshbgaj br mfva àag trfgshbgaj tb tma khva agvhrbgcagt. Zma sarvhias prasagtaj hg tma sarvhia iftfkbnua cfy à khstaj hgjhvhjufkky br, cbra typhifkky, sbca br fkk bo tma sarvhias cfy à prasagtaj hg tma obrc bo sarvhia pfiefnas. Zma sarvhia iftfkbnua cfgfnacagt prbiass ibvars4 

Ibgtrhùbg tb tma jaghbg bo sarvhias fgj sarvhia pfiefnas.



Javakbpcagt fgj cfhgtagfgia bo sarvhia fgj sarvhia pfiefna jasirhpbgs fpprbprhfta obr tma sarvhia iftfkbnua.



\rbjuibg fgj cfhgtagfgia bo fg fiiurfta sarvhia iftfkbnua.


619





Hgtarofias, japagjagihas fgj ibgshstagiy àtwaag tma sarvhia iftfkbnua fgj tma bvarfkk sarvhia pbrbkhb.



Hgtarofias fgj japagjagihas àtwaag fkk sarvhias fgj suppbrgn sarvhias whtmhg tma sarvhia iftfkbnua fgj tma ICY.



Hgtarofias fgj japagjagihas àtwaag fkk sarvhias, fgj suppbrgn ibcpbgagts fgj ibgnurfbg htacs (IHs) whtmhg tma sarvhia iftfkbnua fgj tma ICY.

Zma sarvhia iftfkbnua cfgfnacagt prbiass jbas gbt hgikuja4 

Jatfhkaj fagbg tb tma ifpturhgn, cfhgtagfgia fgj usa bosarvhia fssat fgjibgnurfbg jftf fs parobrcaj tmrbunm tma sarvhia fssat fgj ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt prbiass.



Jatfhkaj fagbg tb tma ifpturhgn, cfhgtagfgia fgj oukkcagt bo sarvhia raquasts fs parobrcaj tmrbunm raquast oukkcagt.


61:



Yarvhia Iftfkbnua - Zwb _haw Ytruitura Zma sarvhia iftfkbnua

YarvhiaF

@ushgass prbiass 6

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@ushgass/iustbcar sarvhia iftfkbnua vhaw

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Zaimghifk/suppbrgn sarvhia iftfkbnua vhaw

Khges tb rakftaj hgobrcfbg Yarvhia fssats/ibgﬆnurfbg raibrjs Eay

3 Iustbcar

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ofihgn sarvhias

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3 Yuppbrgn sarvhias

Yarvhia Iftfkbnua - Zwb _haw Ytruitura Zma struitura fgj prasagtfbg bo tma sarvhia iftfkbnua smbukj suppbrt tma usas tb wmhim ht whkk à put, tfehgn hgtb ibgshjarfbg tma jharagt, sbcacas ibghign gaajs bo jharagt fujhagias. Gbt avary sarvhia hs bo hgtarast tb avary parsbg br nrbup. Gbt avary phaia bo hgobrcfbg f`but f sarvhia hs bo hgtarast tb avary parsbg br nrbup. ^mag sarvhia prbvhjars mfva cfgy iustbcars br sarva cfgy ùshgassas, tmara cfy à cukpka sarvhia iftfkbnua vhaws prbdaitaj orbc tma sarvhia pbrbkhb. ^mag hghfkky ibcpkataj, tma Yarvhia Iftfkbnua cfy ibgshst bo f cftrhx, tf`ka br sprafjsmaat.


611



Cfgy brnfghzfbgs hgtanrfta fgj cfhgtfhg tmahr Yarvhia \brbkhb fgj Yarvhia Iftfkbnua fs pfrt bo tmahr ICY. @y jaghgn afim sarvhia fs f Ibgnurfbg Htac (IH) fgj, wmara fpprbprhfta, rakfgn tmasa tb obrc f sarvhia mharfrimy, tma brnfghzfbg hs f`ka tb rakfta avagts suim fs hgihjagts fgj POIs tb tma sarvhias faitaj, tmus prbvhjhgn tma `fshs obr sarvhia cbghtbrhgn fgj rapbrgn ushgn fg hgtanrftaj tbbk (a.n. ”khst br nhva tma gucàr bo hgihjagts faign tmhs pfriukfr sarvhia‘). Ht hs tmaraobra assagfk tmft imfgnas whtmhg tma Yarvhia \brbkhb fgj Yarvhia Iftfkbnua fra su`dait tb tma Imfgna Cfgfnacagt prbiass. Zma Yarvhia Iftfkbnua ifg fksb à usaj obr btmar Yarvhia Cfgfnacagt purpbsas (a.n. obr parobrchgn f @ushgass Hcpfit Fgfkyshs (@HF) fs pfrt bo HZ Yarvhia Ibgguhty \kfgghgn, br fs f stfrgn pkfia obr rajhstrhùgn wbrekbfjs, fs pfrt bo Ifpfihty Cfgfnacagt). Zma ibst fgj abrt bo prbjuihgn fgj cfhgtfhghgn tma iftfkbnua, whtm hts rakfbgsmhps tb tma ugjarphgghgn taimgbkbny ibcpbgagts, hs tmaraobra afshky dusf`ka. Ho jbga hg ibgdugibg whtm prhbrhzfbg bo tma @HF, tmag ht hs pbssh`ka tb agsura tmft tma cbst hcpbrtfgt sarvhias fra ibvaraj rst. Ybca brnfghzfbgs cfhgtfhg f sarvhia iftfkbnua tmft hgikujas bgky tma iustbcar-ofihgn sarvhias, wmhka btmars cfhgtfhg hgobrcfbg bgky bg tma suppbrgn sarvhias. Zma praoarraj shtufbg fjbptaj `y tma cbra cftura brnfghzfbgs cfhgtfhgs `btm typas bo sarvhia whtmhg f shgnka sarvhia iftfkbnua, wmhim hs hg turg pfrt bo f tbtfkky hgtanrftaj sarvhia pbrbkhb. (Cbra hgobrcfbg bg tma jashng fgj ibgtagts bo f sarvhia iftfkbnua hs ibgtfhgaj hg Fppagjhx N.) Ybca brnfghzfbgs prbdait cbra tmfg twb vhaws. Zmara hs gb ibrrait br sunnastaj gucàr bo vhaws fg brnfghzfbg smbukj prbdait. Zma gucàr bo vhaws prbdaitaj whkk japagj upbg tma fujhagias tb à fjjrassaj fgj tma usas tb wmhim tma iftfkbnua whkk à put.


61?



Yarvhia Iftfkbnua - Zmraa _haw Ytruitura Zma sarvhia iftfkbnua

^mbkasfka sarvhia iftfkbnua vhaw

Yar vhi aF

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Patfhk sarvhia iftfkbnua vhaw

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^mbkasfka iustbcar 6

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Yarvhia I

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Khges tb rakftaj hgobrcfbg Yarvhia fssats/ibgﬆnurfbg raibrjs Eay

3 Iustbcar - o fi hg n s a rv hi as

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3 Y uppbr g n s a r v hi a s

Yarvhia Iftfkbnua - Zmraa _haw Ytruitura 

^mbkasfka iustbcar vhawZmhs ibgtfhgs jatfhks bo fkk tma HZ sarvhias jakhvaraj tb wmbkasfka iustbcars (iustbcar-ofihgn sarvhias), tbnatmar whtm rakfbgsmhps tb tma iustbcars tmay suppbrt.



Patfhk iustbcar vhawZmhs ibgtfhgs jatfhks bo fkk tma HZ sarvhias jakhvaraj tb ratfhk iustbcars (iustbcar-ofihgn sarvhias), tbnatmar whtmrakfbgsmhps tb tma iustbcars tmay suppbrt.



Yuppbrgn sarvhias vhawZmhs ibgtfhgs jatfhks bo fkk tma suppbrgn HZ sarvhias, tbnatmar whtm rakfbgsmhps tb tma iustbcar-o fihgn sarvhias tmayugjarphg fgj tmaibcpbgagts, IHs fgj btmar suppbrgn sarvhias gaiassfry tb suppbrt tma prbvhshbg bo tma sarvhia tb tma iustbcars.


61>



Zma praoarraj shtufbg fjbptaj `y tma cbra cftura brnfghzfbgs cfhgtfhgs `btm fspaits whtmhg f shgnka Yarvhia Iftfkbnua, wmhim hs pfrt bo f tbtfkky hgtanrftaj Yarvhia Cfgfnacagt fivhty fgj Yarvhia \brbkhb. Zma @ushgass Yarvhia Iftfkbnua ofihkhtftas tma javakbpcagt bo f cuim cbra prbfiva br avag pra-acpva YKC prbiass, fkkbwhgn ht tb javakbp cbra hgtb tma akj bo @ushgass Yarvhia Cfgfnacagt. Zma Zaimghifk Yarvhia Iftfkbnua hs axtracaky àgaihfk wmag ibgstruign tma rakfbgsmhp àtwaag sarvhias, YKFs, BKFs fgj btmar ugjarphgghgn fnraacagts fgj ibcpbgagts, fs ht whkk hjagoy tma taimgbkbny raquhraj tb suppbrt f sarvhia fgj tma suppbrt nrbup(s) tmft suppbrt tma ibcpbgagts. Zma ibc`hgfbg bo f @ushgass Yarvhia Iftfkbnua fgj f Zaimghifk Yarvhia Iftfkbnua hs hgvfkuf`ka obr quhieky fssasshgn tma hcpfit bo hgihjagts fgj imfgnas bg tma ùshgass. Gbta hg tmhs axfcpka mbw iustbcar-ofihgn sarvhia I fppafrs hg `btm tma wmbkasfka vhaw fgj tma ratfhk vhaw. Ht hs fksb pbssh`ka tmft tma jharagt vhaws chnmt raait mharfrimhifk rakfbgsmhps àybgj bga kavak bo iustbcar fgj bga kavak bo suppbrgn sarvhia. Yarvhias fra fksb kheaky tb à pfiefnaj fgj tmag sarvhia pfiefnas whkk à smbwg hg tma fpprbprhfta sarvhia iftfkbnua vhaw(s). Zma iustbcar-ofihgn sarvhia iftfkbnua vhaw ofihkhtftas tma javakbpcagt bo f cuim cbra prbfiva br avag pra-acpva sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt (YKC) prbiass fgj suppbrts ikbsa ùshgass fkhngcagt whtm ikafrky jagaj rakfbgsmhps àtwaag sarvhias fgj YKFs. Zma suppbrgn sarvhia iftfkbnua vhaw hs axtracaky àgaihfk wmag ibgstruign tma rakfbgsmhp àtwaag sarvhias, YKFs, bparfbgfk kavak fnraacagts (BKFs) fgj btmar ugjarphgghgn fnraacagts fgj ibcpbgagts, fs ht whkk hjagoy tma taimgbkbny raquhraj tb suppbrt f sarvhia fgj tma suppbrt nrbup(s) tmft suppbrt tma ibcpbgagts. Zma ibc`hgfbg bo fkk vhaws hs hgvfkuf`ka obr quhieky fssasshgn tma hcpfit bo hgihjagts fgj imfgnas bg tma ùshgass. Zmara hs gb shgnka ibrrait wfy tb struitura fgj japkby f sarvhia iftfkbnua. Afim sarvhia prbvhjar brnfghzfbg whkk ibgshjar hts nbfks, b`daivas fgj usas obr tma sarvhia iftfkbnua fgj irafta f struitura tmft whkk caat hts iurragt fgj avbkvhgn gaajs fpprbprhftaky.


61=



Yarvhia Iftfkbnua Cfgfnacagt - Pbkas Yarvhia Iftfkbnua Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Cfgfnar4 Zma sarvhia iftfkbnua cfgfnacagt prbiass cfgfnar‘s raspbgsh`hkhas typhifkky hgikuja4 

Ifrryhgn but tma nagarhi prbiass cfgfnar rbka obr tma sarvhia iftfkbnua

cfgfnacagt prbiass. 

Ibbrjhgfgn hgtarofias àtwaag sarvhia iftfkbnua cfgfnacagt fgj btmar prbiassas, aspaihfkky sarvhia fssat fgj ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt, fgj rakafsa fgj japkbycagt cfgfnacagt.

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Agsurhgn tmft fkk bparfbgfk sarvhias fgj fkk sarvhias àhgn prapfraj obr bparfbgfk rugghgn fra raibrjaj whtmhg tma sarvhia iftfkbnua.



Agsurhgn tmft fkk tma hgobrcfbg whtmhg tma sarvhia iftfkbnua hs fiiurfta fgj up tb jfta.

Yarvhia Iftfkbnua Cfgfnacagt - Pbkas Yarvhia Iftfkbnua Cfgfnacagt Pbkas4 Zmhs jasirhàs f gucàr bo rbkas tmft gaaj tb à

parobrcaj hg suppbrt bo tma sarvhia iftfkbnua cfgfnacagt prbiass. Zmasa rbkas fra gbt db` tkas, fgj afim brnfghzfbg whkk mfva tb jaga fpprbprhfta db` tkas fgj db` jasirhpbgs japagjhgn bg hts gaajs. Yarvhia Iftfkbnua Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Bwgar4 Zma sarvhia iftfkbnua cfgfnacagt prbiass

bwgar‘s raspbgsh`hkhas typhifkky hgikuja4 



Ifrryhgn but tma nagarhi prbiass bwgar rbka obr tma sarvhia iftfkbnua cfgfnacagt prbiass. ^brehgn whtm btmar prbiass bwgars tb agsura tmara hs fg hgtanrftaj fpprbfim tb tma jashng fgj hcpkacagtfbg bo sarvhia iftfkbnua cfgfnacagt, sarvhia pbrbkhb cfgfnacagt, sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt fgj ùshgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt.


618



Yarvhia Iftfkbnua Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Cfgfnar4 Zma sarvhia iftfkbnua

cfgfnacagt prbiass cfgfnar‘s raspbgsh`hkhas typhifkky hgikuja4 

Ifrryhgn but tma nagarhi prbiass cfgfnar rbka obr tma sarvhia iftfkbnua cfgfnacagt prbiass.

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Ibbrjhgfgn hgtarofias àtwaag sarvhia iftfkbnua cfgfnacagt fgj btmar prbiassas, aspaihfkky sarvhia fssat fgj ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt, fgj rakafsa fgj japkbycagt cfgfnacagt.

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Agsurhgn tmft fkk bparfbgfk sarvhias fgj fkk sarvhias àhgn prapfraj obr bparfbgfk rugghgn fra raibrjaj whtmhg tma sarvhia iftfkbnua.

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Agsurhgn tmft fkk tma hgobrcfbg whtmhg tma sarvhia iftfkbnua hs fiiurfta fgj up tb jfta.

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Agsurhgn tmft fpprbprhfta vhaws bo tma sarvhia iftfkbnua fra cfhgtfhgaj fgj cfja fvfhkf`ka tb tmbsa obr wmbc tmay fra tfrnataj.

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Agsurhgn tmft fkk tma hgobrcfbg whtmhg tma sarvhia iftfkbnua hs ibgshstagt whtm tma



Agsurhgn tmft tma hgobrcfbg whtmhg tma sarvhia iftfkbnua hs fjaquftaky prbtaitaj fgj `fieaj up.

hgobrcfbg whtmhg tma sarvhia pbrbkhb.


6?<



Yarvhia Kavak Cfgfnacagt \urpbsa Zma purpbsa bo tma YKC prbiass hs tb agsura tmft fkk iurragt fgj pkfggaj HZ sarvhias fra jakhvaraj tb fnraaj fimhavf`ka tfrnats. Zmhs hs fiibcpkhsmaj tmrbunm f ibgstfgt iyika bo ganbfgn, fnraahgn, cbghtbrhgn, rapbrgn bg fgj ravhawhgn HZ sarvhia tfrnats fgj fimhavacagts, fgj tmrbunm hgsnfbg bo fibgs tb ibrrait br hcprbva tma kavak bo sarvhia jakhvaraj.

B`daivas 

Jaga, jbiucagt, fnraa, cbghtbr, cafsura, rapbrt fgj ravhaw tma kavak bo HZ sarvhias prbvhjaj fgj hgsnfta ibrraiva cafsuras wmagavar fpprbprhfta.



\rbvhja fgj hcprbva tma rakfbgsmhp fgj ibccughifbg whtm tma ùshgass fgj iustbcars hg ibgdugibg whtm ùshgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt.



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Agsura tmft spaihi fgj cafsurf`ka tfrnats fra javakbpaj obr fkk HZ sarvhias. Cbghtbr fgj hcprbva iustbcar sfsofibg whtm tma qufkhty bo sarvhia jakhvaraj.

Yarvhia Kavak Cfgfnacagt \urpbsa fgj b`daivas4 Zma purpbsa bo tma YKC prbiass hs tb agsura tmft fkk iurragt fgj

pkfggaj HZ sarvhias fra jakhvaraj tb fnraaj fimhavf`ka tfrnats. Zmhs hs fiibcpkhsmaj tmrbunm f ibgstfgt iyika bo ganbfgn, fnraahgn, cbghtbrhgn, rapbrgn bg fgj ravhawhgn HZ sarvhia tfrnats fgj fimhavacagts, fgj tmrbunm hgsnfbg bo fibgs tb ibrrait br hcprbva tma kavak bo sarvhia jakhvaraj. Zma b`daivas bo YKC fra tb4 

Jaga, jbiucagt, fnraa, cbghtbr, cafsura, rapbrt fgj ravhaw tma kavak bo HZ sarvhias prbvhjaj fgj hgsnfta ibrraiva cafsuras wmagavar fpprbprhfta.


6?6





\rbvhja fgj hcprbva tma rakfbgsmhp fgj ibccughifbg whtm tma ùshgass fgj iustbcars hg ibgdugibg whtm ùshgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt.

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Agsura tmft spaihi fgj cafsurf`ka tfrnats fra javakbpaj obr fkk HZ sarvhias.

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Cbghtbr fgj hcprbva iustbcar sfsofibg whtm tma qufkhty bo sarvhia jakhvaraj.

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Agsura tmft HZ fgj tma iustbcars mfva f ikafr fgj ugfc`hnubus axpaitfbg bo tma kavak bo sarvhia tb à jakhvaraj.

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Agsura tmft avag wmag fkk fnraaj tfrnats fra cat, tma kavaks bo sarvhia jakhvaraj fra su`dait tb prbfiva, ibst-aaiva ibggufk hcprbvacagt.


6?0




Yibpa 

YKC smbukj prbvhja f pbhgt bo ranukfr ibgtfit fgj ibccughifbg tb tma iustbcars fgj ùshgass cfgfnars bo fg brnfghzfbg hg rakfbg tb sarvhia kavaks.

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YKC gaajs tb cfgfna tma axpaitfbg fgj pariapbg bo tma ùshgass, iustbcars fgj usars fgj agsura tmft tma qufkhty (wfrrfgty) bo sarvhia jakhvaraj `y tma sarvhia prbvhjar hs cftimaj tb tmbsa axpaitfbgs fgj gaajs.

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YKC smbukj fksb prbjuia fgj fnraa YKPs obr fkk pkfggaj gaw br imfgnaj sarvhias tmft jbiucagt wfrrfgty raquhracagts.

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Zmhs whkk agf`ka YKC tb agsura tmft fkk tma sarvhias fgj ibcpbgagts fra jashngaj fgj jakhvaraj tb caat tmahr tfrnats hg tarcs bo ùshgass gaajs. Zma YKC prbiass smbukj hgikuja4

Yarvhia Kavak Cfgfnacagt Yibpa4 YKC smbukj prbvhja f pbhgt bo ranukfr ibgtfit fgj ibccughifbg tb tma iustbcars

fgj ùshgass cfgfnars bo fg brnfghzfbg hg rakfbg tb sarvhia kavaks. Hg tmhs ibgtaxt, ht smbukj raprasagt tma HZ sarvhia prbvhjar tb tma ùshgass, fgj tma ùshgass tb tma HZ sarvhia prbvhjar. Zmhs fivhty smbukj agibcpfss `btm tma usa bo axhsgn sarvhias fgj tma pbtagfk outura raquhracagts obr gaw br imfgnaj sarvhias. YKC gaajs tb cfgfna tma axpaitfbg fgj pariapbg bo tma ùshgass, iustbcars fgj usars fgj agsura tmft tma qufkhty (wfrrfgty) bo sarvhia jakhvaraj `y tma sarvhia prbvhjar hs cftimaj tb tmbsa axpaitfbgs fgj gaajs. Hg brjar tb jb tmhs aaivaky, YKC smbukj astf`khsm fgj cfhgtfhg YKFs bo sarvhia prbvhjaj tb caat tma tfrnats fgj qufkhty cafsuracagts ibgtfhgaj whtmhg tma YKFs. YKC smbukj fksb prbjuia fgj fnraa YKPs obr fkk pkfggaj gaw br imfgnaj sarvhias tmft jbiucagt wfrrfgty raquhracagts.


6?9



Zmhs whkk agf`ka YKC tb agsura tmft fkk tma sarvhias fgj ibcpbgagts fra jashngaj fgj jakhvaraj tb caat tmahr tfrnats hg tarcs bo ùshgass gaajs. Zma YKC prbiass smbukj hgikuja4 

Ibbparfbg whtm tma ùshgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt prbiass4 tmhs hgikujas javakbpcagt bo rakfbgsmhps whtm tma ùshgass fs gaajaj tb fimhava tma YKC prbiass b`daivas.

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Ganbfbg fgj fnraacagt bo outura sarvhia kavak raquhracagts fgj tfrnats, fgj tma jbiucagtfbg fgj cfgfnacagt bo YKPs obr fkk prbpbsaj gaw br imfgnaj sarvhias.



Ganbfbg fgj fnraacagt bo iurragt sarvhia kavak raquhracagts fgj tfrnats, fgj tma jbiucagtfbg fgj cfgfnacagt bo YKFs obr fkk bparfbgfk sarvhias.



Javakbpcagt fgj cfgfnacagt bo fpprbprhfta BKFs tb agsura tmft tfrnats fra fkhngaj whtm YKF tfrnats.



Pavhaw bo fkk suppkhar fnraacagts fgj ugjarphgghgn ibgtrfits whtm suppkhar cfgfnacagt tb agsura tmft tfrnats fra fkhngaj whtm YKF tfrnats.





\rbfiva ofhkuras, bo sarvhia rhses fgj hcprbvacagt hg tma qufkhtypravagbg bo sarvhia,bo hg sarvhia ibgdugibg whtmrajuibg fkk btmar prbiassas. Papbrgn fgj cfgfnacagt bo fkk sarvhia kavak fimhavacagts fgj ravhaw bo fkk YKF `rafimas.



\arhbjhi ravhaw, ragawfk fgj/br ravhshbg bo YKFs, sarvhia sibpa fgj BKFs fs fpprbprhfta.



Hjagoyhgn hcprbvacagt bppbrtughas obr hgikushbg hg tma IYH ranhstar.



Pavhawhgn fgj prhbrhzhgn hcprbvacagts hg tma IYH ranhstar.



Hgsnfgn fgj ibbrjhgfgn YH\s obr tma cfgfnacagt, pkfgghgn fgj hcpkacagtfbg bo sarvhia fgj prbiass hcprbvacagts.


6?:



Zma YKC prbiass jbas gbt hgikuja4 

Ganbfbg fgj fnraacagt bo raquhracagts obr sarvhia ougibgfkhty (ukhty), axiapt tb tma janraa ougibgfkhty hguagias f sarvhia kavak raquhracagt br tfrnat. YKFs typhifkky jasirhà eay akacagts bo tma sarvhia‘s ukhty fs pfrt bo tma sarvhia jasirhpbg, ùt YKC fivhty jbas gbt hgikuja fnraahgn wmft tma ukhty whkk à.





Jatfhkaj fagbg tb tma fivhas gaiassfry tb jakhvar sarvhia kavaks tmft fra fiibugtaj obr hg btmar prbiassas suim fs fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt fgj ifpfihty cfgfnacagt. Ganbfbg bo ugjarphgghgn suppkhar ibgtrfits fgj fnraacagts. Zmhs hs pfrt bo tma suppkhar cfgfnacagt prbiass tb wmhim YKC prbvhjas irhifk hgput fgj ibgsuktfbg.


6?1



Yarvhia Kavak Cfgfnacagt - Fnraacagts

YK F

F obrcfk shngaj fnraacagt àtwaag f Iustbcar fgj f sarvhia \rbvhjar hg wmhim sarvhia prbvhshbg (raspbgsh`hkhas) hs jasirhàj fgj fimhavf`ka tfrnats fra spukftaj fgj `bugjaj.

BKF

Fg Bparfgn Kavak Fnraacagt (BKF) hs fksb fg YKF ùt hs fg fnraacagt àtwaag fg HZ Yarvhia \rbvhjar fgj fgbtmar pfrt bo tma sfca brnfghzfbg tmft fsshsts whtm tma prbvhshbg bo sarvhias ’ obr hgstfgia f ofihkhas japfrtcagt tmft cfhgtfhgs tma fhr ibgjhbghgn br gatwbre suppbrt tafc tmft suppbrts tma gatwbre sarvhia.

QI

QgjarphgghgnIbgtrfiths f ibgtrfitwhtm f tmhrj pfrty hg suppbrt bo tma jakhvary bo fg fnraaj HZ sarvhia tb f iustbcar. Zma QI jagas tfrnats fgj raspbgsh`hkhas tmft fra raquhraj tb caat fnraaj sarvhia kavak tfrnats hg fg YKF/BKF.

Yarvhia Kavak Cfgfnacagt - Fnraacagts Fg YKF hs f wrhag fnraacagt àtwaag fg HZ sarvhia prbvhjar fgj tma HZ iustbcar(s), jaghgn tma eay sarvhia tfrnats fgj raspbgsh`hkhas bo `btm pfras. Zma acpmfshs cust à bg fnraacagt, fgj YKFs smbukj gbt à usaj fs f wfy bo mbkjhgn bga shja br tma btmar tb rfgsbc. F trua pfrtgarsmhp smbukj à javakbpaj àtwaag tma HZ sarvhia prbvhjar fgj tma iustbcar, sb tmft f cutufkky àgaihfk fnraacagt hs rafimaj ’ btmarwhsa tma YKF ibukj quhieky ofkk hgtb jhsraputa fgj f ”`kfca iuktura‘ ibukj javakbp tmft wbukj pravagt fgy trua sarvhia qufkhty hcprbvacagts orbc tfehgn pkfia. Fg BKF hs fg fnraacagt àtwaag fg HZ sarvhia prbvhjar fgj fgbtmar pfrt bo tma sfca brnfghzfbg tmft fsshsts whtm tma prbvhshbg bo sarvhias ’ obr hgstfgia, f ofihkhas japfrtcagt tmft cfhgtfhgs tma fhr ibgjhbghgn, br gatwbre suppbrt tafc tmft suppbrts tma gatwbre sarvhia. Fg BKF smbukj ibgtfhg tfrnats tmft ugjarphg tmbsa whtmhg fg YKF tb agsura tmft tfrnats whkk gbt à `rafimaj `y ofhkura bo tma suppbrgn fivhty. © Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

6??



Zma tarchgbkbny usaj hg tma HZHK `bbe hs axprassaj orbc tma pbhgt bo vhaw bo tma HZ sarvhia prbvhjar , pfriukfrky fs ht rakftas tb ugjarphgghgn ibgtrfits fgj fnraacagts. ^mag fg HZ sarvhia prbvhjar agnfnas f tmhrj pfrty suppkhar tb prbvhja nbbjs br sarvhias tmft fra gaajaj obr tma prbvhshbg bo sarvhia tb iustbcars, ht hs hcpbrtfgt tmft `btm pfras mfva ikafr fgj ugfc`hnbus axpaitfbg bo mbw tma suppkhar whkk caat tma HZ sarvhia prbvhja raquhracagts. Zmhs hs fiibcpfghaj `y jbiucaggn tma tarcs bo agnfnacagt hg fg fnraacagt bo sbca sbrt fgj tmhs fnraacagt suppbrts br ugjarphgs tma sarvhia kavak tfrnats hg tma YKF whtm iustbcar. Ho tma fnraacagt hs kanfkky `hgjhgn ht hs raoarraj tb fs ibgtrfit br cbra praihsaky fg ‛ugjarphgghgn ibgtrfit‛.


6?>



YKF Orfcawbres ’ Zmraa Zypas Yarvhia-`fsaj YKF Zmhs hs wmara fg YKF ibvars bga sarvhia, obr fkk tma iustbcars bo tmft sarvhia ’ obr axfcpka, fg YKF cfy à astf`khsmaj obr fg brnfghzfbg‘ s acfhk sarvhia,ibvarhgn fkk tma iustbcars bo tmft sarvhia.

Iustbcar-`fsaj YKF Zmhs hs fg fnraacagt whtm fg hgjhvhjufk iustbcar nrbup, ibvarhgn fkk tma sarvhias tmay usa.

Cukth-kavak YKFs Ybca brnfghzfbgs mfva imbsag tb fjbpt f cukkavak YKF struitura. Obr axfcpka, f tmraa-kfyar struitura chnmt kbbe fs obkkbws4 Ibrpbrfta kavak4Zmhs whkk ibvar fkk tma nagarhiYKC hssuas fpprbprhfta tb avary iustbcar tmrbunmbut tma brnfghzfbg. Zmasa hssuas fra kheaky tb à kass vbkfka, sb upjftas fra kass oraquagtky raquhraj. Iustbcar kavak4Zmhs whkk ibvar fkk YKC hssuas rakavfgt tb tma pfriukfr iustbcar nrbup br ùshgass ught, ranfrjkass bo tma sarvhia àhgn usaj. Yarvhia kavak4Zmhs whkk ibvar fkk YKC hssuas rakavfgt tb tma spaihi sarvhia, hg rakfbg tb f spaihi iustbcar nrbup (bga obr afim sarvhia ibvaraj `y tma YKF).

YKF Orfcawbres ’ Zmraa Zypas YKF orfcawbres4Qshgn tma sarvhia iftfkbnua fs fg fhj, YKC cust jashng tma cbst fpprbprhfta YKF struitura tb agsura tmft fkk sarvhias fgj fkk iustbcars fra ibvaraj hg f cfggar àst suhtaj

tb tma brnfghzfbg‘s gaajs. Zmara fra f gucàr bo pbtagfk bpbgs, hgikujhgn tma obkkbwhgn. Yarvhia-`fsaj YKF4 Zmhs hs wmara fg YKF ibvars bga sarvhia, obr fkk tma iustbcars bo tmft

sarvhia ’ obr axfcpka, fg YKF cfy à astf`khsmaj obr fg brnfghzfbg‘s acfhk sarvhia, ibvarhgn fkk tma iustbcars bo tmft sarvhia. Zmhs cfy fppafr ofhrky strfhnmbrwfrj. Mbwavar, jhiukas cfy frhsa ho tma spaihi raquhracagts bo jharagt iustbcars vfry obr tma sfca sarvhia, br ho imfrfitarhsis bo tma hgorfstruitura cafg tmft jharagt sarvhia kavaks fra hgavhtf`ka


6?=



(a.n. mafj bia stf cfy à ibggaitaj vhf f mhnm spaaj KFG, wmhka kbifk bias cfy mfva tb usa f kbwar-spaaj ^FG khga). Hg suim ifsas, sapfrfta tfrnats cfy à gaajaj whtmhg tma bga fnraacagt. Jhiukas cfy fksb frhsa hg jatarchghgn wmb smbukj à tma shngftbrhas tb suim fg fnraacagt. Mbwavar, wmara ibccbg kavaks bo sarvhia fra prbvhjaj firbss fkk frafs bo tma ùshgass (obr axfcpka, acfhk br takapmbgy), tma sarvhia-`fsaj YKF ifg à fg aihagt fpprbfim tb usa. Cukpka ikfssas bo sarvhia (obr axfcpka, nbkj, shkvar fgj `rbgza) ifg fksb à usaj tb hgirafsa tma aaivagass bo sarvhia-`fsaj YKFs. Iustbcar-`fsaj YKF4 Zmhs hs fg fnraacagt whtm fg hgjhvhjufk iustbcar nrbup, ibvarhgn

fkk tma sarvhias tmay usa. Obr axfcpka, fnraacagts cfy à rafimaj whtm fg brnfghzfbg‘s gfgia japfrtcagt ibvarhgn, sfy, tma gfgia systac, tma fiibuggn systac, tma pfyrbkk systac, tma `hkkhgn systac, tma prbiuracagt systac, fgj fgy btmar HZ systacs tmft tmay usa. Iustbcars bag praoar suim fg fnraacagt, fs fkk bo tmahr raquhracagts fra ibvaraj hg f shgnka jbiucagt. Bgky bga shngftbry hs gbrcfkky raquhraj, wmhim shcpkhas tmhs hssua. Mhgts fgj ps4 F ibc`hgfbg bo ahtmar iustbcar- br sarvhia `fsaj YKF struituras chnmt à

fpprbprhfta, prbvhjhgn fkk sarvhias fgj iustbcars fra ibvaraj, whtm gb bvarkfp br jupkhifbg. Cuk-kavak YKFs4 Ybca brnfghzfbgs mfva imbsag tb fjbpt f cukkavak YKF struitura. Obr

axfcpka, f tmraa-kfyar struitura chnmt kbbe fs obkkbws4 Ibrpbrfta kavak4 Zmhs whkk ibvar fkk tma nagarhi YKC hssuas fpprbprhfta tb avary iustbcar

tmrbunmbut tma brnfghzfbg. Zmasa hssuas fra kheaky tb à kass vbkfka, sb upjftas fra kass oraquagtky raquhraj.


6?8



Yarvhia Kavak Cfgfnacagt \rbiass - Fitvhas

@ushgass ught F

@ushgass prbiass

Zma ùshgass

@ushgass ught @

0

6

YKF(s)

9

@ushgass prbiass

Yarvhia F

@

I

J

YKP(s)

A

?

YKC

O

Yarvhia iftfkbnua

Jatarchga, jbiucagt fgj fnraa raquhracagts obr gaw sarvhias YKPs fgj cfea YKFs

Javakbp ibgtfits fgj rakfbgsmhps, raibrj fgj cfgfna ibcpkfhgts fgj ibcpkhcagts

Cbghtbr sarvhia parobrcfgia fnfhgst YKF fgj prbjuia sarvhia rapbrts

Ibgjuit sarvhia ravhaws fgj hgsnfta hcprbvacagts whtmhg bvarfkk YH\

Ibkkfta, cafsura fgj hcprbva iustbcar sfsofibg

Yarvhia rapbrts

Pavhaw fgj ravhsa YKFs, sarvhia sibpa fgj ugjarphgghgn fnraacagts

BKFs

@ushgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt

1

:

Fsshst whtm tma sarvhia iftfkbnua fgj cfhgtfhg jbiucagt tacpkftas Jashng YKF orfcawbres fgj jbiucagt prbiajuras fgj stfgjfrjs \rbvhja cfgfnacagt hgobrcfbg Qgjarphgghgn ibgtrfits

Yuppkhars

Zafcs (hh) Yuppbrt tafc

(H)

(hh) Yuppkhar cfgfnacagt

Yuppkhar

(H)

Yarvhia Kavak Cfgfnacagt - Fivhas 

Jatarchga, ganbfta, jbiucagtfgj fnraaraquhracagts b o r gaw brimfgnaj sarvhias hgYKPs, fgj cfgfna fgj ravhaw tmac tmrbunm tmaYarvhia Khoaiyika hgtb YKFs obr bparfbgfk sarvhias.



Cbghtbr fgj cafsura sarvhia parobrcfgia fimhav acagts bo fkk bparfbgfk sarvhias fnfhgst tfrnats whtmhg YKFs.



Ibkkfta,cafsura fgjhcprbva iustbcarsfsofibg.



\rbjuia sarvhia rapbrts.


6><





Ibgjuit sarvhia ravhaw , hjagoyhgn hcprbvacagt bppbrtughasobr hgikushbghg tma IYHranhstar fgj cfgfnhgn fpprbprhfta YH\s.



Pavhaw fgj ravhsa YKFs,sarvhia sibpafgj BKFs.



Javakbp fgj jbiucagt ibgtfits fg j rakfbgsmhps whtm tma ùshgass, iustbcar s fgj stfeambkjars.



Javakbp, cfhgtfhgfgj bparfta prbiajurasobr kbnnhgn, fibghgnfgj rasbkvhgn fkkibcpkfhgts, fgj obr kbnnhgn fgj jhstrhùgn ibcpkhcagts.



Kbnnhgn fgjcfgfnhgn fkk ibcpkfhgts fgj ibcpkhcagts.





\rbvhja tma fpprbprhft a cfgfnacagt hgobrcf bg tb fhj parobrcfgi a cfgfnacagt fgj jacbgstrfta sarvhia fimhavacagt. Fsshsgn suppkharcfgfnacagt tbravhaw fgj ravhsa ugjarphgghgn ibgtr fits fgjfnraacagts.


6>6



Yarvhia Kavak Cfgfnacagt - Pbkas Yarvhia Kavak Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Cfgfnar 

Ifrryhgn but tma nagarhi prbiass cfgfnar rbka obr tma sarvhia kavak

cfgfnacagt prbiass. 

Ibbrjhgfgn hgtarofias àtwaag sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt fgj btmar prbiassas, aspaihfkky sarvhia iftfkbnua cfgfnacagt, sarvhia pbrbkhb cfgfnacagt, ùshgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt fgj suppkhar cfgfnacagt.



Agsurhgn tmft tma iurragt fgj outura sarvhia kavak raquhracagts (sarvhia

wfrrfgty) bo iustbcars fra hjagaj, ugjarstbbj fgj jbiucagtaj hg YKF fgj sarvhia kavak raquhracagts (YKP) jbiucagts. 

Ganbfgn fgj fnraahgn kavaks bo sarvhia tb à jakhvaraj whtm tma iustbcar (ahtmar hgtargfk br axtargfk)5 obrcfkky jbiucaggn tmasa kavaks bo sarvhia hg YKFs.

Yarvhia Kavak Cfgfnacagt - Pbkas Yarvhia Kavak Cfgfnacagt Pbkas4 Zmhs jasirhàs f gucàr bo rbkas tmft gaaj tb à parobrcaj

hg suppbrt bo tma sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt prbiass. Zmasa rbkas fra gbt db` tkas, fgj afim brnfghzfbg whkk mfva tb jaga fpprbprhfta db` tkas fgj db` jasirhpbgs japagjhgn bg hts gaajs. Yarvhia Kavak Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Bwgar4 Zma sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt prbiass bwgar‘s

raspbgsh`hkhas typhifkky hgikuja4 



Ifrryhgn but tma nagarhi prbiass bwgar rbka obr tma sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt prbiass. Khfhshgn whtm tma ùshgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt prbiass bwgar tb agsura prbpar ibbrjhgfbg fgj ibccughifbg àtwaag tma twb prbiassas.


6>0





^brehgn whtm btmar prbiass bwgars tb agsura tmara hs fg hgtanrftaj fpprbfim tb tma jashng fgj hcpkacagtfbg bo sarvhia iftfkbnua cfgfnacagt, sarvhia pbrbkhb cfgfnacagt, sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt fgj ùshgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt.

Yarvhia Kavak Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Cfgfnar4 Zma sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt prbiass

cfgfnar‘s raspbgsh`hkhas typhifkky hgikuja4 

Ifrryhgn but tma nagarhi prbiass cfgfnar rbka obr tma sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt prbiass.



Ibbrjhgfgn hgtarofias àtwaag sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt fgj btmar prbiassas, aspaihfkky sarvhia iftfkbnua cfgfnacagt, sarvhia pbrbkhb cfgfnacagt, ùshgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnacagt fgj suppkhar cfgfnacagt.



Eaaphgn fwfra bo imfgnhgn ùshgass gaajs.



Agsurhgn tmft tma iurragt fgj outura sarvhia kavak raquhracagts (sarvhia wfrrfgty) bo iustbcars fra hjagaj, ugjarstbbj fgj jbiucagtaj hg YKF fgj sarvhia kavak raquhracagts (YKP) jbiucagts.



Ganbfgn fgj fnraahgn kavaks bo sarvhia tb à jakhvaraj whtm tma iustbcar (ahtmar hgtargfk br axtargfk)5 obrcfkky jbiucaggn tmasa kavaks bo sarvhia hg YKFs.



Ganbfgn fgj fnraahgn BKFs fgj, hg sbca ifsas, btmar YKFs fgj fnraacagts tmft ugjarphg tma YKFs whtm tma iustbcars bo tma sarvhia.



Fsshsgn whtm tma prbjuibg fgj cfhgtagfgia bo fg fiiurfta sarvhia pbrbkhb, sarvhia iftfkbnua, fppkhifbg pbrbkhb fgj tma ibrraspbgjhgn cfhgtagfgia prbiajuras.



Agsurhgn tmft tfrnats fnraaj whtmhg ugjarphgghgn ibgtrfits fra fkhngaj whtm YKF fgj YKP tfrnats.



Agsurhgn tmft sarvhia rapbrts fra prbjuiaj obr fim iustbcar sarvhia fgj tmft `rafimas bo YKF tfrnats fra mhnmkhnmtaj, hgvasnftaj fgj fibgs tfeag tb pravagt tmahr raiurragia.





Agsurhgn tmft sarvhia parobrcfgia ravhaws fra simajukaj, ifrrhaj but whtm iustbcars ranukfrky fgj jbiucagtaj, whtm fnraaj fibgs prbnrassaj. Agsurhgn tmft hcprbvacagt hghfvas hjagaj hg sarvhia ravhaws fra fitaj bg fgj prbnrass rapbrts fra prbvhjaj tb iustbcars.


6>9





Pavhawhgn sarvhia sibpa, YKFs, BKFs fgj btmar fnraacagts bg f ranukfr `fshs, hjafkky ft kafst fggufkky.



Agsurhgn tmft fkk imfgnas fra fssassaj obr tmahr hcpfit bg sarvhia kavaks, hgikujhgn YKFs, BKFs fgj ugjarphgghgn ibgtrfits, hgikujhgn fagjfgia ft imfgna fjvhsbry `bfrj (IF@)

caagns ho fpprbprhfta. 

Hjagoyhgn fkk iustbcars fgj btmar eay stfeambkjars tb hgvbkva hg YKP, YKF fgj BKF ganbfbgs.



Javakbphgn rakfbgsmhps fgj ibccughifbg whtm iustbcars, eay usars fgj btmar stfeambkjars.



Jaghgn fgj fnraahgn ibcpkfhgts fgj tmahr raibrjhgn, cfgfnacagt, asifkfbg (wmara gaiassfry) fgj rasbkubg.



Jaghbg raibrjhgn fgj ibccughifbg bo fkk ibcpkfhgts.



Cafsurhgn, raibrjhgn, fgfkyshgn fgj hcprbvhgn iustbcar sfsofibg.


6>:



Fvfhkf`hkhty Cfgfnacagt \urpbsa Zma purpbsa bo tma fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt prbiass hs tb agsura tmft tma kavak bo fvfhkf`hkhty jakhvaraj hg fkk HZ sarvhias caats tma fnraaj fvfhkf`hkhty gaajs fgj/br sarvhia kavak tfrnats hg f ibst-aaiva fgj caky cfggar.

B`daivas \rbjuia fgj cfhgtfhg fg fpprbprhfta fgj up-tb-jfta fvfhkf`hkhty pkfg tmft raaits tma iurragt fgj outura gaajs bo tma ùshgass. \rbvhja fjvhia fgj nuhjfgia tb fkk btmar frafs bo tma ùshgass fgj HZ bg fkk fvfhkf`hkhty-rakftaj hssuas Agsura tmft sarvhia fvfhkf`hkhty fimhavacagts caat fkk tmahr fnraaj tfrnats

`y cfgfnhgn sarvhias fgj rasburias-rakftaj fvfhkf`hkhty parobrcfgia.

Fvfhkf`hkhty Cfgfnacagt \urpbsa fgj b`daivas4 Zma purpbsa bo tma fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt prbiass hs tb agsura tmft tma kavak bo fvfhkf`hkhty jakhvaraj hg fkk HZsarvhias caats tma fnraaj fvfhkf`hkhty gaajs fgj/br sarvhia kavak tfrnats hg f ibst-aaiva fgj caky cfggar. Fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt hs ibgiargaj whtm caagn `btm tma iurragt fgj outura fvfhkf`hkhty gaajs bo tma ùshgass.

Fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt jagas, fgfkysas, pkfgs, cafsuras fgj hcprbvas fkk fspaits bo tma fvfhkf`hkhty bo HZ sarvhias, agsurhgn tmft fkk HZ hgorfstruitura, prbiassas, tbbks, rbkas ati. fra fpprbprhfta obr tma fnraaj fvfhkf`hkhty sarvhia kavak tfrnats. Ht prbvhjas f pbhgt bo obius fgj cfgfnacagt obr fkk fvfhkf`hkhty- rakftaj hssuas, rakfgn tb `btm sarvhias fgj rasburias, agsurhgn tmft fvfhkf`hkhty tfrnats hg fkk frafs fra cafsuraj fgj fimhavaj.


6>1



Zma b`daivas bo fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt fra tb4 

\rbjuia fgj cfhgtfhg fg fpprbprhfta fgj up-tb-jfta fvfhkf`hkhty pkfg tmft raaits tma iurragt fgj outura gaajs bo tma ùshgass.



\rbvhja fjvhia fgj nuhjfgia tb fkk btmar frafs bo tma ùshgass fgj HZ bg fkk fvfhkf`hkhtyrakftaj hssuas.



Agsura tmft sarvhia fvfhkf`hkhty fimhavacagts caat fkk tmahr fnraaj tfrnats `y cfgfnhgn sarvhias fgj rasburias-rakftaj fvfhkf`hkhty parobrcfgia.



Fsshst whtm tma jhfngbshs fgj rasbkubg bo fvfhkf`hkhty-rakftaj hgihjagts fgj prb`kacs.



Fssass tma hcpfit bo fkk imfgnas bg tma fvfhkf`hkhty pkfg fgj tma fvfhkf`hkhty bo fkk sarvhias fgj rasburias.



Agsura tmft prbfiva cafsuras tb hcprbva tma fvfhkf`hkhty bo sarvhias fra hcpkacagtaj wmaravar ht hs ibst-dusf`ka tb jb sb.

Fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt smbukj agsura tma fnraaj kavak bo fvfhkf`hkhty hs prbvhjaj. Zma cafsuracagt fgj cbghtbrhgn bo HZ fvfhkf`hkhty hs f eay fivhty tb agsura fvfhkf`hkhty kavaks fra àhgn cat ibgshstagtky. Fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt smbukj kbbe tb ibggufkky bpchza fgj prbfivaky hcprbva tma fvfhkf`hkhty bo tma HZ hgorfstruitura, tma sarvhias fgj tma suppbrgn brnfghzfbg, hg brjar tb prbvhja ibst-aaiva fvfhkf`hkhty hcprbvacagts tmft ifg jakhvar ùshgass fgj iustbcar àgats.


6>?



Fvfhkf`hkhty Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Yibpa Zma sibpa bo tma fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt prbiass ibvars tma jashng, hcpkacagtfbg, cafsuracagt, cfgfnacagt fgj hcprbvacagt bo HZ sarvhia fgj ibcpbgagt fvfhkf`hkhty.

Pafivafivhas Zmasa

hgvbkva

tma

\rbfivafivhas

cbghtbrhgn,

Zmasa

hgvbkva

tma

prbfithva

cafsurhgn, fgfkyshs fgj cfgfnacagt

pkfgghgn, jashng fgj hcprbvacagt

bo fkk avagts, hgihjagts fgj prb`kacs

bo fvfhkf`hkhty. Zmasa fithvhthas fra

hgvbkvhgn ugfvfhkf`hkhty. Zmasa fivhas fra prhgihpfkky parobrcaj fs pfrt bo tma bparfbgfk rbkas.

prhgihpfkky parobrcaj fs pfrt bo tma

jashng fgj pkfgghgn rbkas.

Fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt tb agsura tmft fkk tma sarvhias fgj ibcpbgagts fra jashngaj fgj jakhvaraj tb caat tmahr tfrnats hg tarcs bo fnraaj ùshgass gaajs.

Fvfhkf`hkhty Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Yibpa4 Zma sibpa bo tma fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt prbiass ibvars tma jashng, hcpkacagtfbg,

cafsuracagt, cfgfnacagt fgj hcprbvacagt bo HZ sarvhia fgj ibcpbgagt fvfhkf`hkhty. Fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt ibccagias fs sbbg fs tma fvfhkf`hkhty raquhracagts obr fg HZ sarvhia fra ikafr agbunm tb à friukftaj. Ht hs fg bgnbhgn prbiass, ghsmhgn bgky wmag tma HZ sarvhia hs jaibcchsshbgaj br raraj. Zma fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt prbiass hgikujas twb eay akacagts4 Pafiva fivhas4 Zmasa hgvbkva tma cbghtbrhgn, cafsurhgn, fgfkyshs fgj cfgfnacagt bo

fkk avagts, hgihjagts fgj prb`kacs hgvbkvhgn ugfvfhkf`hkhty. Zmasa fivhas fra prhgihpfkky parobrcaj fs pfrt bo tma bparfbgfk rbkas. \rbfiva fivhas4 Zmasa hgvbkva tma prbfiva pkfgghgn, jashng fgj hcprbvacagt bo

fvfhkf`hkhty. Zmasa fivhas fra prhgihpfkky parobrcaj fs pfrt bo tma jashng fgj pkfgghgn rbkas. © Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

6>>



Fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt gaajs tb ugjarstfgj tma sarvhia fgj ibcpbgagt fvfhkf`hkhty

raquhracagts orbc tma ùshgass parspaiva hg tarcs bo tma4 



Iurragt ùshgass prbiassas, tmahr bparfbg fgj raquhracagts.

Outura ùshgass pkfgs fgj raquhracagts.



Yarvhia tfrnats fgj tma iurragt HZ sarvhia bparfbg fgj jakhvary.



HZ hgorfstruitura, jftf, fppkhifbgs fgj agvhrbgcagt fgj tmahr parobrcfgia.



@ushgass hcpfits fgj prhbrhas hg rakfbg tb tma sarvhias fgj tmahr usfna.

Qgjarstfgjhgn fkk bo tmhs whkk agf`ka fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt tb agsura tmft fkk tma sarvhias fgj ibcpbgagts fra jashngaj fgj jakhvaraj tb caat tmahr tfrnats hg tarcs bo fnraaj ùshgass gaajs. Zma fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt prbiass4 

Ymbukj à fppkhaj tb fkk bparfbgfk sarvhias fgj taimgbkbny, pfriukfrky tmbsa ibvaraj `y YKFs. Ht ifg fksb à fppkhaj tb tmbsa HZ sarvhias jaacaj tb à ùshgass-irhifk, ranfrjkass bo wmatmar obrcfk YKFs axhst.



Ymbukj à fppkhaj tb fkk gaw HZ sarvhias fgj obr axhsgn sarvhias wmara YKPs br YKFs mfva àag astf`khsmaj.



Ymbukj à fppkhaj tb fkk suppbrgn sarvhias fgj tma pfrtgars fgj suppkhars (`btm hgtargfk fgj axtargfk) tmft obrc tma HZ suppbrt brnfghzfbg fs f praiursbr tb tma irafbg bo obrcfk fnraacagts.



Ymbukj ibgshjar fkk fspaits bo tma HZ sarvhias fgj ibcpbgagts fgj suppbrgn brnfghzfbgs tmft cfy hcpfit fvfhkf`hkhty,hgikujhgn trfhghgn, sehkks, prbiass aaivagass, prbiajuras fgj tbbks.


6>=



Fspaits bo Fvfhkf`hkhty - Fvfhkf`hkhty & Pakhf`hkhty Fvfhkf`hkhty4 Zma f`hkhty bo f sarvhia, ibcpbgagt br IH tb parobrc hts fnraaj ougibg

wmag raquhraj. Ht hs bag cafsuraj fgj rapbrtaj fs f pariagtfna. Gbta tmft jbwgca smbukj bgky à hgikujaj hg tma obkkbwhgn ifkiukfbg wmag ht biiurs whtmhg tma fnraaj sarvhia ca (FYZ). Mbwavar, tbtfk jbwg ca smbukj fksb à raibrjaj fgj rapbrtaj.

Fvfhkf`hkhty(%) 3

Fnraaj Yarvhia ca (FYZ) - Jbwgca FYZ

*6<<

Pakhf`hkhty4 Pakhf`hkhty hs f cafsura bo mbw kbgn f sarvhia, ibcpbgagt br IH ifg parobrc hts fnraaj ougibg whtmbut hgtarrupbg. Zma rakhf`hkhty bo tma sarvhia ifg à hcprbvaj `y hgirafshgn tma rakhf`hkhty bo hgjhvhjufk ibcpbgagts br `y hgirafshgn tma rashkhagia bo tma sarvhia tb hgjhvhjufk ibcpbgagt ofhkura (h.a. hgirafshgn tma ibcpbgagt rajugjfgiy, obr axfcpka `y ushgn kbfj-`fkfgihgn taimghquas).

Pakhf`hkhty (CZ@YH hg mburs) 3 Fnraaj ca mburs (FYZ) / Gucàr bo `rafes Pakhf`hkhty (CZ@O hg mburs) 3Fvfhkf`ka ca hg Mburs’ Zbtfk Jbwgca hg Mburs Gucàr bo @rafes

Fspaits bo Fvfhkf`hkhty - Fvfhkf`hkhty & Pakhf`hkhty Fvfhkf`hkhty4 Fvfhkf`hkhty hs tma f`hkhty bo f sarvhia, ibcpbgagt br IH tb parobrc hts fnraaj ougibg wmag raquhraj. Ht hs bag cafsuraj fgj rapbrtaj fs f pariagtfna. Gbta tmft jbwgca smbukj bgky à hgikujaj hg tma obkkbwhgn ifkiukfbg wmag ht biiurs whtmhg tma fnraaj sarvhia ca (FYZ). Mbwavar, tbtfk jbwg ca smbukj fksb à raibrjaj fgj rapbrtaj. Pakhf`hkhty4 Pakhf`hkhty hs f cafsura bo mbw kbgn f sarvhia, ibcpbgagt br IH ifg parobrc

hts fnraaj ougibg whtmbut hgtarrupbg. Zma rakhf`hkhty bo tma sarvhia ifg à hcprbvaj `y hgirafshgn tma rakhf`hkhty bo hgjhvhjufk ibcpbgagts br `y hgirafshgn tma rashkhagia bo tma sarvhia


6>8



tb hgjhvhjufk ibcpbgagt ofhkura (h.a. hgirafshgn tma ibcpbgagt rajugjfgiy, obr axfcpka `y ushgn kbfj-`fkfgihgn taimghquas). Ht hs bag cafsuraj fgj rapbrtaj fs tma cafg ca àtwaag sarvhia hgihjagts (CZ@YH) br cafg ca àtwaag ofhkuras (CZ@O)4 Pakhf`hkhty (CZ@YH hg mburs) 3 Fnraaj ca mburs (FYZ) / Gucàr bo `rafes Pakhf`hkhty (CZ@O hg mburs) 3 Fvfhkf`ka ca hg Mburs ’ Zbtfk Jbwgca hg Mburs / Gucàr bo `rafes


6=<



Fspaits bo Fvfhkf`hkhty - Cfhgtfhgf`hkhty & Yarvhiaf`hkhty Cfhgtfhgf`hkhty4 Cfhgtfhgf`hkhty hs f cafsura bo mbw quhieky fgj aaivaky f sarvhia, ibcpbgagt br IH ifg à rastbraj tb gbrcfk wbrehgn far f ofhkura. Ht hs cafsuraj fgj rapbrtaj fs tma cafg ca tb rastbra sarvhia (CZPY) fgj smbukj à ifkiukftaj ushgn tma obkkbwhgn obrcukf4

Cfhgtfhgf`hkhty (CZPY hg mburs) 3 Zbtfk jbwgca hg mburs/ Gucàr bo sarvhia `rafes Zma jbwgca hg CZPY ibvars fkk tma ibgtrhùtbry ofitbrs tmft cfea tma sarvhia, ibcpbgagt br IH ugfvfhkf`ka. Yarvhiaf`hkhty4 Yarvhiaf`hkhty hs tma f`hkhty bo f tmhrj-pfrty suppkhar tb caat tma tarcs bo hts ibgtrfit. Zmhs ibgtrfit whkk hgikuja fnraaj kavaks bo fvfhkf`hkhty, rakhf`hkhty fgj/br cfhgtfhgf`hkhty obr f suppbrgn sarvhia br ibcpbgagt.

Fspaits bo Fvfhkf`hkhty - Cfhgtfhgf`hkhty & Yarvhiaf`hkhty Cfhgtfhgf`hkhty4 Cfhgtfhgf`hkhty hs f cafsura bo mbw quhieky fgj aaivaky f sarvhia, ibcpbgagt br IH ifg à rastbraj tb gbrcfk wbrehgn far f ofhkura. Ht hs cafsuraj fgj rapbrtaj fs tma cafg ca tb rastbra sarvhia (CZPY) fgj smbukj à ifkiukftaj ushgn tma obkkbwhgn obrcukf4

Cfhgtfhgf`hkhty (CZPY hg mburs) 3 Zbtfk jbwgca hg mburs / Gucàr bo sarvhia `rafes CZPY smbukj à usaj tb fvbhj tma fc`hnuhty bo tma cbra ibccbg hgjustry tarc cafg ca tb rapfhr (CZZP), wmhim hg sbca jaghbgs hgikujas bgky rapfhr ca, ùt hg btmars hgikujas


6=6



raibvary ca. Zma jbwgca hg CZPY ibvars fkk tma ibgtrhùtbry ofitbrs tmft cfea tma sarvhia, ibcpbgagt br IH ugfvfhkf`ka4 

Zhca tb raibrj



Zhca tb raspbgj



Zhca tb rasbkva



Zhca tb pmyshifkky rapfhr br rapkfia



Zhca tb raibvar

Yarvhiaf`hkhty4 Yarvhiaf`hkhty hs tma f`hkhty bo f tmhrj-pfrty suppkhar tb caat tma tarcs bo hts ibgtrfit. Zmhs ibgtrfit whkk hgikuja fnraaj kavaks bo fvfhkf`hkhty,akhf`hkhty r fgj/br cfhgtfhgf`hkhty obr f suppbrgn sarvhia br ibcpbgagt. Zmasa fspaits fgj tmahr hgtarrakfbgsmhps fra hkkustrftaj hg Ohnura :.=.

Fktmbunm tma prhgihpfk sarvhia tfrnat ibgtfhgaj whtmhg YKFs obr iustbcars fgj tma ùshgass hs fvfhkf`hkhty, fs hkkustrftaj hg Ohnura :.=, sbca iustbcars fksb raquhra rakhf`hkhty fgj cfhgtfhgf`hkhty tfrnats tb à hgikujaj hg tma YKF fs wakk. ^mara tmasa fra hgikujaj tmay smbukj rakfta tb agj-tb-agj sarvhia rakhf`hkhty fgj cfhgtfhgf`hkhty, wmarafs tma rakhf`hkhty fgj cfhgtfhgf`hkhty tfrnats ibgtfhgaj hg BKFs fgj ibgtrfits rakfta tb ibcpbgagt fgj suppbrgn sarvhia tfrnats fgj ifg bag hgikuja fvfhkf`hkhty tfrnats rakfgn tb tma rakavfgt ibcpbgagts br suppbrgn sarvhias.


6=0



_htfk @ushgass Ougibg (_@O) _htfk ùshgass ougibg4 Zma tarc vhtfk ùshgass ougibg (_@O) hs usaj tb raait tma pfrt bo f ùshgass prbiass tmft hs irhifk tb tma suiiass bo tma

ùshgass. Fg HZ sarvhia cfy suppbrt f gucàr bo ùshgass ougibgs tmft fra kass irhifk. Obr axfcpka, fg futbcftaj takkar cfimhga (FZC) br ifsm jhspagsar

sarvhia _@O wbukj à tma jhspagshgn bo ifsm. Mbwavar, tma f`hkhty tb b`tfhg f stftacagt orbc fg FZC cfy gbt à ibgshjaraj fs vhtfk. Zmhs jhsgibg hs hcpbrtfgt fgj smbukj hguagia fvfhkf`hkhty jashng fgj fssbihftaj ibsts.

_htfk @ushgass Ougibg (_@O) _htfk ùshgass ougibg4 Zma tarc vhtfk ùshgass ougibg (_@O) hs usaj tb raait tma pfrt bo f ùshgass prbiass tmft hs irhifk tb tma suiiass bo tma ùshgass. Fg HZ sarvhia cfy suppbrt f gucàr bo ùshgass ougibgs tmft fra kass irhifk. Obr axfcpka, fg futbcftaj takkar cfimhga (FZC) br ifsm jhspagsar sarvhia _@O wbukj à tma jhspagshgn bo ifsm. Mbwavar, tma f`hkhty tb b`tfhg f stftacagt orbc fg FZC cfy gbt à ibgshjaraj fs vhtfk. Zmhs jhsgibg hs hcpbrtfgt fgj smbukj hguagia fvfhkf`hkhty jashng fgj fssbihftaj ibsts. Zma cbra vhtfk tma ùshgass ougibg nagarfkky, tma nraftar tma kavak bo rashkhagia fgj fvfhkf`hkhty tmft gaajs tb à hgibrpbrftaj hgtb tma jashng raquhraj hg tma suppbrgn HZ sarvhias. Obr fkk sarvhias, wmatmar _@Os br gbt, tma fvfhkf`hkhty raquhracagts smbukj à jatarchgaj `y tma ùshgass fgj gbt `y

HZ. Zma hghfk fvfhkf`hkhty tfrnats fra bag sat ft tbb mhnm f kavak, fgj tmhs kafjs tb ahtmar bvarprhiaj sarvhias br fg htarfva jhsiusshbg àtwaag tma sarvhia prbvhjar fgj tma ùshgass tb fnraa fg fpprbprhfta ibcprbchsa àtwaag tma sarvhia fvfhkf`hkhty fgj tma ibst bo tma sarvhia fgj hts suppbrgn taimgbkbny.


6=9



Iartfhg _@Os cfy gaaj spaihfk jashngs, wmhim fra gbw àhgn usaj fs f cfar bo ibursa whtmhg sarvhia jashng pkfgs, hgibrpbrfgn4 

Mhnm fvfhkf`hkhty F imfrfitarhsi bo tma HZ sarvhia tmft chghchzas br cfses tma aaits bo HZ ibcpbgagt ofhkura tb tma usars bo f sarvhia.



Ofukt tbkarfgia Zma f`hkhty bo fg HZ sarvhia, ibcpbgagt br IH tb ibggua tb bparfta ibrraitky far ofhkura bo f ibcpbgagt pfrt.



Ibggubus bparfbg Fg fpprbfim br jashng tb akhchgfta pkfggaj jbwgca bo fg HZ sarvhia. Gbta tmft hgjhvhjufk ibcpbgagts br IHs cfyà jbwg avag tmbunm tma HZ sarvhia racfhgs fvfhkf`ka.



Ibggubus fvfhkf`hkhty Fg fpprbfim br jashng tb fimhava 6<<% fvfhkf`hkhty. F ibggubusky fvfhkf`ka HZ sarvhia mfs gb pkfggaj br ugpkfggaj jbwgca.


6=:



Fvfhkf`hkhty Cfgfnacagt - Fivhas Pafiva fivhas Cbghtbr, cafsura, fgfkysa, rapbrt fgj ravhaw sarvhia fgj ibcpbgagt fvfhkf`hkhty

Fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt hgobrcfbg systac (FCHY)

Hgvasnfta fkk sarvhia fgj ibcpbgagt ugfvfhkf`hkhty fgj hgsnfta racajhfk fibg

Fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt rapbrts

\rbfiva fivhas Phse fssasscagt fgj cfgfnacagt

Phse fssasscagt fgj cfgfnacagt

Hcpkacagt

Pavhaw fkk gaw fgj

ibst- dusﬆf`ka ibugtarcafsuras

imfgnaj sarvhias fgj tast fkk fvfhkf`hkhty fgj rashkhagia caimfghscs

Fvfhkf`hkhty pkfg

Fvfhkf`hkhty jashng irhtarhf

Fvfhkf`hkhty tasgn simajuka

Ibggufk ravhaw fgj hcprbvacagt

Fvfhkf`hkhty Cfgfnacagt - Fivhas Pafiva fivhas4 Zma rafiva fspait bo fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt hgvbkvas wbre tb agsura tmft iurragt bparfbgfk sarvhias fgj ibcpbgagts jakhvar tma fnraaj kavaks bo fvfhkf`hkhty fgj

tb raspbgj fpprbprhftaky wmag tmay jb gbt. Zma rafiva fivhas hgikuja4 

Cbghtbrhgn, cafsurhgn, fgf kyshgn, rapbrgnfgj ravhawhgnsarvhia fgj ibcpbgag t fvfhkf`hkhty



Hgvasnfgn fkk sarvhia fgj ibcpbgagt ugf vfhkf`hkhty fgj hgsn fgn racajhfk fibg. Zmhs hgikujas kbbehgn ftavagts, hgihjagts fgj prb`kacshgvbkvhgn ugfvfhkf`hkhty .


6=1



Zmasa fivhas fra prhcfrhky ibgjuitaj whtmhg tma sarvhia bparfbg stfna bo tma sarvhia khoaiyika fgj fra khgeaj hgtb tma cbghtbrhgn fgj ibgtrbk fivhas fgj hgihjagt cfgfnacagt prbiassas. \rbfiva fivhas4 Zma prbfiva fivhas bo fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt hgvbkva tma wbre

gaiassfry tb agsura tmft gaw br imfgnaj sarvhias ifg fgj whkk jakhvar tma fnraaj kavaks bo fvfhkf`hkhty fgj tmft fpprbprhfta cafsuracagts fra hg pkfia tb suppbrt tmhs wbre. Zmay hgikuja prbjuihgn raibccagjfbgs, pkfgs fgj jbiucagts bg jashng nuhjakhgas fgj irhtarhf obr gaw fgj imfgnaj sarvhias, fgj tma ibggufk hcprbvacagt bo sarvhia fgj rajuibg bo rhse hg axhsgn sarvhias wmaravar ht ifg à ibst-dusaj. Zmasa fra eay fspaits tb à ibgshjaraj whtmhg sarvhia jashng fivhas. \rbfiva fivhas hgikuja4 \kfgghgn fgj jashnghgn gaw br imfgnaj sarvhias4 

Jatarchghgn tma _@Os, hg ibgdugibg whtm tma ùshgass fgj HZYIC.



Jatarchghgn tma fvfhkf`hkhty raquhracagts orbc tma ùshgass obr f gaw br agmfgiaj HZ sarvhia fgj obrcukfgn tma fvfhkf`hkhty fgj raibvary jashng irhtarhf obr tma suppbrgn HZ ibcpbgagts.



Jaghgn tma tfrnatsobr fvfhkf`hkhty, rakhf`hkhty fgj cfhgtfhgf`hkhty obr tma HZ hgorfstruitura ibcpbgagts tmft ugjarphg tma HZ sarvhia tb agf`ka tmasa tb à jbiucagtaj fgj fnraaj whtmhg YKFs, BKFs fgj ibgtrfits.



\arobrchgn rhse fssasscagt fgj cfgfnacagt fivhas tb agsura tma pravagbg fgj/br raibvary orbc sarvhia fgj ibcpbgagt Qgfvfhkf`hkhty.



Jashnghgn tma HZ sarvhias tb caat tma fvfhkf`hkhty fgj raibvary jashng irhtarhf fgj fssbihftaj fnraaj sarvhia kavaks.



Astf`khsmhgn cafsuras fgj rapbrgn bo fvfhkf`hkhty, rakhf`hkhty fgj cfhgtfhgf`hkhty tmft raait tma ùshgass, usar fgj HZ suppbrt brnfghzfbg parspaivas.

Phse fssasscagt fgj cfgfnacagt4 

Jatarchghgn tma hcpfit frhshgn orbc HZ sarvhia fgj ibcpbgagt ofhkura hg ibgdugibg whtm HZYIC fgj, wmara fpprbprhfta, ravhawhgn tma fvfhkf`hkhty jashng irhtarhf tb prbvhja fjjhbgfk rashkhagia tb pravagt br chghchza hcpfit tb tma ùshgass


6=?



Hcpkacaggn ibst-dusf`ka ibugtarcafsuras, hgikujhgn rhse rajuibg fgj raibvary caimfghscs Pavhawhgn fkk gaw fgj imfgnaj sarvhias fgj tasgn fkk fvfhkf`hkhty fgj rashkhagia caimfghscs Ibggufk ravhawhgn fgj hcprbvacagt4 

\rbjuihgn fgj cfhgtfhghgn fg fvfhkf`hkhty pkfg tmft prhbrhzas fgj pkfgs HZ fvfhkf`hkhty hcprbvacagts.


6=>



Fvfhkf`hkhty Cfgfnacagt - Pbka Fvfhkf`hkhty Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Cfgfnar 

Ifrryhgn but tma nagarhi prbiass cfgfnar rbka obr tma fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt prbiass.



Ibbrjhgfgn hgtarofias àtwaag fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt fgj btmar prbiassas, aspaihfkky sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt, ifpfihty cfgfnacagt, HZ sarvhia ibgguhty cfgfnacagt fgj hgobrcfbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt.



Agsurhgn tmft fkk axhsgn sarvhias jakhvar tma kavaks bo fvfhkf`hkhty fnraaj whtm tma ùshgass hg YKFs.



Agsurhgn tmft fkk gaw sarvhias fra jashngaj tb jakhvar tma kavaks bo fvfhkf`hkhty raquhraj `y tma ùshgass, fgj vfkhjfbg bo tma gfk jashng tb caat tma chghcuc kavaks bo fvfhkf`hkhty fs fnraaj `y tma ùshgass obr HZ sarvhias.

Fvfhkf`hkhty Cfgfnacagt - Pbka Fvfhkf`hkhty Cfgfnacagt Pbkas4 Zmhs jasirhàs f gucàr bo rbkas tmft gaaj tb à parobrcaj

hg suppbrt bo tma fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt prbiass. Zmasa rbkas fra gbt db` tkas, fgj afim brnfghzfbg whkk mfva tb jaga fpprbprhfta db` tkas fgj db` jasirhpbgs japagjhgn bg hts gaajs. Fvfhkf`hkhty Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Bwgar4 Zma fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt prbiass bwgar‘s


Ifrryhgn but tma nagarhi prbiass bwgar rbka obr tma fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt prbiass



^brehgn whtm cfgfnars bo fkk ougibgs tb agsura fiiaptfgia bo tma fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt prbiass fs tma shgnka pbhgt bo ibbrjhgfbg obr fkk fvfhkf`hkhty-rakftaj hssuas, ranfrjkass bo tma spaihi taimgbkbny hgvbkvaj


6==





^brehgn whtm btmar prbiass bwgars tb agsura tmara hs fg hgtanrftaj fpprbfim tb tma jashng fgj hcpkacagtfbg bo fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt, sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt, ifpfihty cfgfnacagt, HZ sarvhia ibgguhty cfgfnacagt fgj hgobrcfbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt.

Fvfhkf`hkhty Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Cfgfnar4 Zma fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt prbiass cfgfnar‘ raspbgsh`hkhas typhifkky hgikuja4 

Ifrryhgn but tma nagarhi prbiass cfgfnar rbka obr tma fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt prbiass.



Agsurhgn tmft fkk gaw sarvhias fra jashngaj tb jakhvar tma kavaks bo fvfhkf`hkhty raquhraj `y tma ùshgass, fgj vfkhjfbg bo tma gfk jashng tb caat tma chghcuc kavaks bo fvfhkf`hkhty fs fnraaj `y tma ùshgass obr HZ sarvhias.



Fsshsgn whtm tma hgvasnfbg fgj jhfngbshs bo fkk hgihjagts fgj prb`kacs tmft ifusa fvfhkf`hkhty hssuas br ugfvfhkf`hkhty bo sarvhias br ibcpbgagts.



\frihpfgn hg tma HZ hgorfstruitura jashng, hgikujhgn spaihoyhgn tma fvfhkf`hkhty raquhracagts obr mfrjwfra fgj sbwfra.



Ypaihoyhgn tma raquhracagts obr gaw br agmfgiaj avagt cfgfnacagt systacs obr futbcfi cbghtbrhgn bo fvfhkf`hkhty bo HZ ibcpbgagts.



Ypaihoyhgn tma rakhf`hkhty, cfhgtfhgf`hkhty fgj sarvhiaf`hkhty raquhracagts obr ibcpbgagts suppkhaj `y hgtargfk fgj axtargfk suppkhars.



@ahgn raspbgsh`ka obr cbghtbrhgn fitufk HZ fvfhkf`hkhty fimhavaj fnfhgst YKF tfrnats, fgj prbvhjhgn f rfgna bo HZ fvfhkf`hkhty rapbrgn tb agsura tmft fnraaj kavaks bo fvfhkf`hkhty, rakhf`hkhty fgj cfhgtfhgf`hkhty fra cafsuraj fgj cbghtbraj bg fg bgnbhgn `fshs.



\rbfivaky hcprbvhgn sarvhia fvfhkf`hkhty wmaravar pbssh`ka, fgj bpchzhgn tma fvfhkf`hkhty bo tma HZ hgorfstruitura tb jakhvar ibst-aaiva hcprbvacagts tmft jakhvar tfgnh`ka àgats tb tma ùshgass.



Irafgn, cfhgtfhghgn fgj ranukfrky ravhawhgn fg fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt hgobrcfbg systac fgj f obrwfrj-kbbehgn fvfhkf`hkhty pkfg, fhcaj ft hcprbvhgn tma bvarfkk fvfhkf`hkhty bo HZ sarvhias fgj hgorfstruitura ibcpbgagts, tb agsura tmft axhsgn fgj outura ùshgass fvfhkf`hkhty raquhracagts ifg à cat.


6=8







Agsurhgn tmft tma fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt prbiass, hts fssbihftaj taimghquas fgj catmbjs fra ranukfrky ravhawaj fgj fujhtaj, fgj tmft fkk bo tmasa fra su`dait tb ibggufk hcprbvacagt fgj racfhg t obr purpbsa.

Irafgn fvfhkf`hkhty fgj raibvary jashng irhtarhf tb à fppkhaj tb gaw br agmfgiaj hgorfstruitura jashng.



^brehgn whtm gfgihfk cfgfnacagt obr HZ sarvhias, agsurhgn tma kavaks bo HZ fvfhkf`hkhty raquhraj fra ibst-dusaj.



Cfhgtfhghgn fgj ibcpkagn fg fvfhkf`hkhty tasgn simajuka obr fkk fvfhkf`hkhty caimfghscs.



Agsurhgn tmft fkk fvfhkf`hkhty tasts fgj pkfgs fra tastaj far avary cfdbr ùshgass imfgna.



Fsshsgn saiurhty fgj HZ sarvhia ibgguhty cfgfnacagt whtm tma fssasscagt fgj cfgfnacagt bo rhse.



Fssasshgn imfgnas obr tmahr hcpfit bg fkk fspaits bo fvfhkf`hkhty, hgikujhgn bvarfkk sarvhia fvfhkf`hkhty fgj tma fvfhkf`hkhty pkfg.



Fagjhgn IF@ caagns wmag fpprbprhfta.


68<



Ifpfihty Cfgfnacagt \urpbsa4 Zma purpbsa bo tma ifpfihty cfgf nacagt prbiass hs tb agsura tmft tma ifpfihty bo

HZ sarvhias fgj tma HZ hgorfstruitura caats tmathcaky fnraaj ifpfihty fgj parobrcfgiarakftaj raquhracagts hg f ibst-aooaithva fgj cfggar.

B`daivas4 \rbjuia fgj cfhgtfhg fg fpprbprhfta fgj up-tb-jfta ifpfihty pkfg, wmhim raaits tma iurragt fgj outura gaajs bo tma ùshgass.

\rbvhja fjvhia fgj nuhjfgia tb fkk btmar frafs bo tma ùshgass fgj HZ bg

fkk ifpfihty- fgj parobrcfgia-rakftaj hssuas. Agsura tmft sarvhia parobrcfgia fimhavacagts caat fkk bo tmahr fnraaj tfrnats `y cfgfnhgn tma parobrcfgia fgj ifpfihty bo `btm sarvhias fgj

rasburias.

Ifpfihty Cfgfnacagt \urpbsa fgj b`daivas4 Zma purpbsa bo tma ifpfihty cfgfnacagt prbiass hs tb agsura tmft tma ifpfihty bo HZ sarvhias fgj tma HZ hgorfstruitura caats tma fnraaj ifpfihty fgj parobrcfgiarakftaj raquhracagts hg f ibst-aaiva fgj caky cfggar. Ifpfihty cfgfnacagt hs ibgiargaj whtm caagn `btm tma iurragt fgj outura ifpfihty fgj parobrcfgia gaajs bo tma ùshgass.

Zma b`daivas bo ifpfihty cfgfnacagt fra tb4 

\rbjuia fgj cfhgtfhg fg fpprbprhfta fgj up-tb-jfta ifpfihty pkfg, wmhim raaits tma iurragt fgj outura gaajs bo tma ùshgass.



\rbvhja fjvhia fgj nuhjfgia tb fkk btmar frafs bo tma ùshgass fgj HZ bg fkk ifpfihty- fgj parobrcfgia-rakftaj hssuas.


686





Agsura tmft sarvhia parobrcfgia fimhavacagts caat fkk bo tmahr fnraaj tfrnats `y cfgfnhgn tma parobrcfgia fgj ifpfihty bo `btm sarvhias fgj rasburias.



Fsshst whtm tma jhfngbshs fgj rasbkubg bo parobrcfgia- fgj ifpfihty-rakftaj hgihjagts fgj prb`kacs.



Fssass tma hcpfit bo fkk imfgnas bg tma ifpfihty pkfg, fgj tma parobrcfgia fgj ifpfihty bo fkk sarvhias fgj rasburias.



Agsura tmft prbfiva cafsuras tb hcprbva tma parobrcfgia bo sarvhias fra hcpkacagtaj wmaravar ht hs ibst-dusf`ka tb jb sb.


680



Ifpfihty Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Yibpa4 Zma ifpfihty cfgfnacagt prbiass smbukj à tma obifk pbhgt obr fkk HZ parobrcfgia fgj ifpfihty hssuas. Ifpfihty cfgfnacagt ibgshjars fkk rasburias raquhraj tb jakhvar tma HZ sarvhia, fgj pkfgs obr smbrt-, cajhucfgj kbgn-tarc ùshgass raquhracagts.

Zma prbiass smbukj agibcpfss fkk frafs bo taimgbkbny, `btm mfrjwfra fgj sbwfra, obr fkk HZ taimgbkbny ibcpbgagts fgj agvhrbgcagts. Zma simajukhgn bo mucfg rasburias, stfgn kavaks, sehkk kavaks fgj ifpf`hkhty kavaks smbukj tmaraobra à hgikujaj whtmhg tma sibpa bo ifpfihty cfgfnacagt.

Ifpfihty Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Yibpa4 Zma ifpfihty cfgfnacagt prbiass smbukj à tma obifk pbhgt obr fkk HZ parobrcfgia fgj ifpfihty hssuas. Ifpfihty cfgfnacagt ibgshjars fkk rasburias raquhraj tb jakhvar tma HZ sarvhia, fgj pkfgs obr smbrt-, cajhucfgj kbgn-tarc ùshgass raquhracagts.

Zma prbiass smbukj agibcpfss fkk frafs bo taimgbkbny, `btm mfrjwfra fgj sbwfra, obr fkk HZ taimgbkbny ibcpbgagts fgj agvhrbgcagts. Ifpfihty cfgfnacagt smbukj fksb ibgshjar spfia pkfgghgn fgj agvhrbgcagtfk systacs ifpfihty. Ifpfihty cfgfnacagt ibukj ibgshjar mucfg rasburia ifpfihty mara f kfie bo mucfg rasburias ibukj rasukt hg f `rafim bo YKF br BKF tfrnats, f jakfy hg tma agj-tb-agj parobrcfgia br sarvhia raspbgsa ca, br fg hgf`hkhty tb caat outura ibcchtcagts fgj pkfgs (a.n. bvarghnmt jftf `fieups gbt ibcpkataj hg ca àifusa gb bparftbrs wara prasagt tb kbfj raquhraj cajhf). Hg nagarfk, mucfg rasburia cfgfnacagt hs f khga cfgfnacagt raspbgsh`hkhty, fktmbunm tma stfgn bo f sarvhia jase smbukj usa hjagifk ifpfihty cfgfnacagt taimghquas. Zma simajukhgn bo mucfg rasburias, stfgn kavaks, sehkk kavaks fgj ifpf`hkhty kavaks smbukj tmaraobra à hgikujaj whtmhg tma sibpa bo ifpfihty cfgfnacagt. © Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

689



Zma ifpfihty cfgfnacagt prbiass smbukj hgikuja4 

Cbghtbrhgn pfargs bo ùshgass fivhty tmrbunm parobrcfgia, ukhzfbg fgj tmrbunmput bo HZ sarvhias fgj tma suppbrgn hgorfstruitura, agvhrbgcagtfk, jftf fgj fppkhifbgs ibcpbgagts fgj tma prbjuibg bo ranukfr fgj fj mbi rapbrts bg sarvhia fgj ibcpbgagt ifpfihty fgj parobrcfgia.



Qgjartfehgn tughgn fivhas tb cfea tma cbst aihagt usa bo axhsgn HZ rasburias.



Qgjarstfgjhgn tma fnraaj iurragt fgj outura jacfgjs àhgn cfja `y tma iustbcar obr HZ rasburias, fgj prbjuihgn obraifsts obr outura raquhracagts.



Hguagihgn jacfgj hg ibgdugibg whtm tma gfgihfk cfgfnacagt obr HZ sarvhias fgj jacfgj cfgfnacagt prbiassas.



\rbjuihgn f ifpfihty pkfg tmft agf`kas tma sarvhia prbvhjar tb ibggua tb prbvhja sarvhias bo tma qufkhty jagaj hg YKFs fgj tmft ibvars f suihagt pkfgghgn caorfca tb caat outura sarvhia kavaks raquhraj fs jagaj hg tma sarvhia pbrbkhb fgj YKPs.



Fsshsgn whtm tma hjagifbg fgj rasbkubg bo fgy hgihjagts fgj prb`kacs fssbihftaj whtm sarvhia br ibcpbgagt ifpfihty br parobrcfgia.



Zma prbfiva hcprbvacagt bo sarvhia br ibcpbgagt parobrcfgia, wmaravar ht hs ibst dusf`ka fgj caats tma gaajs bo tma ùshgass.

Ifpfihty cfgfnacagt fksb hgikujas ugjarstfgjhgn tma pbtagfk obr tma jakhvary bo gaw sarvhias. Gaw taimgbkbny gaajs tb à ugjarstbbj fgj, ho fpprbprhfta, usaj tb hggbvfta fgj jakhvar tma sarvhias raquhraj `y tma iustbcar. Ifpfihty cfgfnacagt smbukj raibnghza tmft tma rfta bo taimgbkbnhifk imfgna whkk prb`f`ky hgirafsa fgj tmft gaw taimgbkbny smbukj à mfrgassaj tb agsura tmft tma HZ sarvhias ibggua tb sfsoy imfgnhgn ùshgass axpaitfbgs. F jhrait khge tb tma sarvhia strftany fgj sarvhia pbrbkhb hs gaajaj tb agsura tmft acarnhgn taimgbkbnhas fra ibgshjaraj hg outura sarvhia pkfgghgn. Ifpfihty cfgfnacagt mfs f ikbsa, twb-wfy rakfbgsmhp whtm tma sarvhia strftany fgj pkfgghgn prbiassas whtmhg fg brnfghzfbg. Bg f ranukfr `fshs, tma kbgn-tarc strftany bo fg brnfghzfbg hs agifpsukftaj hg fg upjfta bo tma ùshgass pkfgs. Zma sarvhia strftany whkk raait tma ùshgass pkfgs fgj strftany, wmhim fra javakbpaj orbc tma brnfghzfbg‘s


68:



ugjarstfgjhgn bo tma axtargfk ofitbrs suim fs tma ibcpava cfreatpkfia, aibgbchi butkbbe fgj kanhskfbg, fgj hts hgtargfk ifpf`hkhty hg tarcs bo cfgpbwar, jakhvary ifpf`hkhty ati. Bag f smbrtar-tarc tfiifk pkfg br ùshgass imfgna pkfg hs javakbpaj tb hcpkacagt tma imfgnas gaiassfry hg tma smbrt tb cajhuc tarc tb prbnrass tma bvarfkk ùshgass pkfg fgj sarvhia strftany. Ifpfihty cfgfnacagt gaajs tb ugjarstfgj tma smbrt-, cajhucfgj kbgntarc pkfgs bo tma ùshgass fgj HZ wmhka prbvhjhgn hgobrcfbg bg tma kftast hjafs, tragjs fgj taimgbkbnhas àhgn javakbpaj `y tma suppkhars bo ibcpugn mfrjwfra fgj sbwfra. Zma brnfghzfbg‘s ùshgass pkfgs jrhva tma spaihi HZ sarvhia strftany, tma ibgtagts bo wmhim ifpfihty cfgfnacagt gaajs tb à ofchkhfr whtm, fgj tb wmhim ifpfihty cfgfnacagt gaajs tb mfva mfj shnghifgt fgj bgnbhgn hgput. Zma rhnmt kavak bo ifpfihty ft tma rhnmt ca hs irhifk. Yarvhia strftany pkfgs whkk à makpouk tb ifpfihty pkfgghgn `y hjagoyhgn tma chgn obr fiquhrhgn fgj hcpkacaggn gaw taimgbkbnhas, mfrjwfra fgj sbwfra. Ifpfihty cfgfnacagt hs raspbgsh`ka obr agsurhgn tmft HZ rasburias fra pkfggaj fgj simajukaj tb prbvhja f ibgshstagt kavak bo sarvhia tmft hs cftimaj tb tma iurragt fgj outura gaajs bo tma

ùshgass, fs fnraaj fgj jbiucagtaj whtmhg YKFs fgj BKFs. Hg ibgdugibg whtm tma ùshgass fgj hts pkfgs, ifpfihty cfgfnacagt prbvhjas f ifpfihty pkfg tmft butkhgas tma HZ rasburias fgj ougjhgn gaajaj tb suppbrt tma ùshgass pkfg, tbnatmar whtm f ibst dusifbg bo tmft axpagjhtura.


681



Ifpfihty Cfgfnacagt \rbiassas Yarvhia pbrtobkhb

@ushgass raquhracagts

@ushgass ifpfihty cfgfnacagt

YKF/YKP

HZ sarvhia jashng

Yarvhia ifpfihty cfgfnacagt

Pavhaw iurragt ifpfihty fgj parobrcfgia

Hcprbva iurragt sarvhia fgj ibcpbgagt ifpfihty

Fssass, fnraa fgj jbiucagt gaw raquhracagts fgj ifpfihty

Ibcpbgagt ifpfihty cfgfnacagt

Ifpfihty cfgfnacagt hgobrcfthbg systac (ICHY) Ifpfihty fgj parobrcfgia rapbrts

Obraifsts

Ifpfihty pkfg \kfg gaw ifpfihty

Ifpfihty cfgfnacagt tbbks

Ifpfihty Cfgfnacagt \rbiassas @ushgass ifpfihty cfgfnacagt4 Zma ùshgass ifpfihty cfgfnacagt su` prbiass trfgskftas ùshgass gaajs fgj pkfgs hgtb raquhracagts obr sarvhia fgj HZ hgorfstruitura, agsurhgn tmft

tma outura ùshgass raquhracagts obr HZ sarvhias fra qufgaj, jashngaj, pkfggaj fgj hcpkacagtaj hg f caky ofsmhbg. Zmhs ifg à fimhavaj `y ushgn tma axhsgn jftf bg tma iurragt rasburia ukhzfbg `y tma vfrhbus sarvhias fgj rasburias tb tragj, obraifst, cbjak br prajhit outura raquhracagts. Zmasa outura raquhracagts ibca orbc tma sarvhia strftany fgj sarvhia pbrbkhb jatfhkhgn gaw prbiassas fgj sarvhia raquhracagts, imfgnas, hcprbvacagts, fgj fksb tma nrbwtm hg tma axhsgn sarvhias. Yarvhia ifpfihty cfgfnacagt4 Zma sarvhia ifpfihty cfgfnacagt su`-prbiass obiusas bg tma cfgfnacagt, ibgtrbk fgj prajhibg bo tma agj-tb-agj parobrcfgia fgj ifpfihty bo tma khva,

bparfbgfk HZ sarvhias usfna fgj wbrekbfjs. Ht agsuras tmft tma parobrcfgia bo fkk sarvhias, fs jatfhkaj hg sarvhia tfrnats whtmhg YKFs fgj YKPs, hs cbghtbraj fgj cafsuraj, fgj tmft


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tma ibkkaitaj jftf hs raibrjaj, fgfkysaj fgj rapbrtaj. ^maravar gaiassfry, prbfiva fgj rafiva fibg smbukj à hgsnftaj, tb agsura tmft tma parobrcfgia bo fkk sarvhias caats tmahr fnraaj ùshgass tfrnats. Zmhs hs parobrcaj `y stf whtm egbwkajna bo fkk tma frafs bo taimgbkbny usaj hg tma jakhvary bo agj-tb-agj sarvhia, fgj bag hgvbkvas saaehgn fjvhia orbc tma spaihfkhsts hgvbkvaj hg ibcpbgagt ifpfihty cfgfnacagt. ^maravar pbssh`ka, futbcftaj tmrasmbkjs smbukj à usaj tb cfgfna fkk bparfbgfk sarvhias, tb agsura tmft shtufbgs wmara sarvhia tfrnats fra `rafimaj br tmraftagaj fra rfphjky hjagaj fgj ibst-aaiva fibgs tb rajuia br fvbhj tmahr pbtagfk hcpfit fra hcpkacagtaj. Ibcpbgagt ifpfihty cfgfnacagt4 Zma ibcpbgagt ifpfihty cfgfnacagt su` prbiass

obiusas bg tma cfgfnacagt, ibgtrbk fgj prajhibg bo tma parobrcfgia, ukhzfbg fgj ifpfihty bo hgjhvhjufk HZ taimgbkbny ibcpbgagts. Ht agsuras tmft fkk ibcpbgagts whtmhg tma HZ hgorfstruitura tmft mfva ghta rasburia fra cbghtbraj fgj cafsuraj, fgj tmft tma ibkkaitaj jftf hs raibrjaj, fgfkysaj fgj rapbrtaj. Fnfhg, wmaravar pbssh`ka, futbcftaj tmrasmbkjs smbukj à hcpkacagtaj tb cfgfna fkk ibcpbgagts, tb agsura tmft shtufbgs wmara sarvhia tfrnats fra `rafimaj br tmraftagaj `y ibcpbgagt usfna br parobrcfgia fra rfphjky hjagaj, fgj ibst-aaiva fibgs tb rajuia br fvbhj tmahr pbtagfk hcpfit fra hcpkacagtaj. Ifpfihty pkfg4 Zmhs hs usaj `y fkk frafs bo tma ùshgass fgj HZ cfgfnacagt, fgj hs fitaj bg

`y tma HZ sarvhia prbvhjar fgj saghbr cfgfnacagt bo tma brnfghzfbg tb pkfg tma ifpfihty bo tma HZ hgorfstruitura. Ht fksb prbvhjas pkfgghgn hgput tb cfgy btmar frafs bo HZ fgj tma ùshgass. Ht ibgtfhgs hgobrcfbg bg tma iurragt usfna bo sarvhia fgj ibcpbgagts, fgj pkfgs obr tma javakbpcagt bo HZ ifpfihty tb caat tma gaajs hg tma nrbwtm bo `btm axhsgn sarvhia fgj fgy fnraaj gaw sarvhias. Zma ifpfihty pkfg smbukj à fivaky usaj fs f `fshs obr jaihshbg-cfehgn. Zbb bag, ifpfihty pkfgs fra iraftaj fgj gavar raoarraj tb br usaj.


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Ifpfihty Cfgfnar Pbka Zma ifpfihty cfgfnar (prbiass cfgfnar‘s )raspbgsh`hkhas typhifkky hgikuja4 

Ifrryhgn but tma nagarhi prbiass cfgfnar rbka obr tma ifpfihty cfgfnacagt prbiass.

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Ibbrjhgfgn hgtarofias àtwaag ifpfihty cfgfnacagt fgj btmar prbiassas, aspaihfkky sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt, fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt, HZ sarvhia ibgguhty cfgfnacagt fgj hgobrcfbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt.

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Agsurhgn tmft tmara hs fjaqufta HZ ifpfihty tb caat raquhraj kavaks bo sarvhia, fgj tmft saghbr HZ cfgfnacagt hs ibrraitky fjvhsaj bg mbw tb cftim ifpfihty fgj jacfgj fgj tb agsura tmft usa bo axhsgn ifpfihty

hs bpchzaj.

Ifpfihty Cfgfnar Pbka Ifpfihty cfgfnacagt prbiass cfgfnar4 Zma ifpfihty cfgfnacagt prbiass cfgfnar‘s


Ifrryhgn but tma nagarhi prbiass cfgfnar rbka obr tma ifpfihty cfgfnacagt prbiass.

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Ibbrjhgfgn hgtarofias àtwaag ifpfihty cfgfnacagt fgj btmar prbiassas, aspaihfkky sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt, fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt, HZ sarvhia ibgguhty cfgfnacagt fgj hgobrcfbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt.

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Agsurhgn tmft tmara hs fjaqufta HZ ifpfihty tb caat raquhraj kavaks bo sarvhia, fgj tmft saghbr HZ cfgfnacagt hs ibrraitky fjvhsaj bg mbw tb cftim ifpfihty fgj jacfgj fgj tb agsura tmft usa bo axhsgn ifpfihty hs bpchzaj.

Hjagoyhgn, whtm tma sarvhia kavak cfgfnar, ifpfihty raquhracagts tmrbunm jhsiusshbgs whtm tma ùshgass usars.


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Qgjarstfgjhgn tma iurragt usfna bo tma hgorfstruitura fgj HZ sarvhias, fgj tma cfxhcuc ifpfihty bo afim ibcpbgagt.

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\arobrchgn shzhgn bg fkk prbpbsaj gaw sarvhias fgj systacs, pbssh`ky ushgn cbjakkhgn taimghquas, tb fsiartfhg ifpfihty raquhracagts.

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Obraifsgn outura ifpfihty raquhracagts `fsaj bg ùshgass pkfgs, usfna tragjs, shzhgn bo gaw sarvhias ati.

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\rbjuibg, ranukfr ravhaw fgj ravhshbg bo tma ifpfihty pkfg, hg khga whtm tma brnfghzfbg‘s ùshgass pkfgghgn iyika, hjagoyhgn iurragt usfna fgj obraifst raquhracagts jurhgn tma parhbj ibvaraj `y tma pkfg.

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Agsurhgn tmft fpprbprhfta kavaks bo cbghtbrhgn bo rasburias fgj systac parobrcfgia fra sat.

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Fgfkyshs bo usfna fgj parobrcfgia jftf, fgj rapbrgn bg parobrcfgia fnfhgst tfrnats ibgtfhgaj hg YKFs.

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Pfhshgn hgihjagts fgj prb`kacs wmag `rafimas bo ifpfihty br parobrcfgia tmrasmbkjs fra jataitaj, fgj fsshsgn whtm tma hgvasnfbg fgj jhfngbshs bo ifpfihty-rakftaj hgihjagts fgj prb`kacs.

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Hjagoyhgn fgj hghfgn fgy tughgn tb à ifrrhaj but tb bpchza fgj hcprbva ifpfihty br parobrcfgia.

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Hjagoyhgn fgj hcpkacaggn hghfvas tb hcprbva rasburia usfna ’ obr axfcpka, jacfgj cfgfnacagt taimghquas. Fssasshgn gaw taimgbkbny fgj hts rakavfgia tb tma brnfghzfbg hg tarcs bo parobrcfgia fgj ibst. @ahgn ofchkhfr whtm pbtagfk outura jacfgj obr HZ sarvhias fgj fssasshgn tmhs bg parobrcfgia sarvhia kavaks. Agsurhgn tmft fkk imfgnas fra fssassaj obr tmahr hcpfit bg ifpfihty fgj parobrcfgia fgj fagjhgn IF@ caagns wmag fpprbprhfta.


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\rbjuihgn ranukfr cfgfnacagt rapbrts tmft hgikuja iurragt usfna bo rasburias, tragjs fgj obraifsts.

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Yhzhgn fkk prbpbsaj gaw sarvhias fgj systacs tb jatarchga tma ibcputar fgj gatwbre rasburias raquhraj, tb jatarchga mfrjwfra ukhzfbg, parobrcfgia sarvhia kavaks fgj ibst hcpkhifbgs.

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Fssasshgn gaw taimghquas fgj mfrjwfra fgj sbwfra prbjuits obr usa `y ifpfihty cfgfnacagt tmft chnmt hcprbva tma aihagiy fgj aaivagass bo tma prbiass.

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Zasgn parobrcfgia bogaw sarvhias fgj systacs.

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\rapfrhgn rapbrts bg sarvhia fgj ibcpbgagt parobrcfgia fnfhgst tfrnats ibgtfhgaj hg YKFs.

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Cfhgtfhghgn f egbwkajna bo outura jacfgj obr HZ sarvhias fgj prajhign tma aaits bo jacfgj bg parobrcfgia sarvhia kavaks.

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Jatarchghgn parobrcfgia sarvhia kavaks tmft fra cfhgtfhgf`ka fgj ibst-dusaj.

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Paibccagjhgn tughgn bo sarvhias fgj systacs, fgj cfehgn raibccagjfbgs tb HZ cfgfnacagt bg tma jashng fgj usa bo systacs tb makp agsura bpcuc usa bo fkk mfrjwfra fgj bparfgn systac sbwfra rasburias. Fign fs f obifk pbhgt obr fkk ifpfihty fgj parobrcfgia hssuas.


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HZ Yarvhia Ibgguhty Cfgfnacagt \urpbsa Zma purpbsa bo tma HZ sarvhia ibgguhty cfgfnacagt prbiass hs tb suppbrt tma bvarfkk ùshgass ibgguhty cfgfnacagt (@IC) prbiass `y agsurhgn tmft, `y cfgfnhgn tma rhses tmft ibukj sarhbusky fait HZ sarvhias, tma HZ sarvhia prbvhjar ifg fkwfys prbvhja chghcuc fnraaj ùshgass ibgguhtyrakftaj sarvhia kavaks.

B`daivas 

\rbjuia fgj cfhgtfhg f sat bo HZ sarvhia ibgguhty pkfgs tmft suppbrt tma bvarfkk ùshgass ibgguhty pkfgs bo tma brnfghzfbg.

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Ibcpkata ranukfr @HF axarihsas tb agsura tmft fkk ibgguhty pkfgs fra cfhgtfhgaj hg khga whtm imfgnhgn ùshgass hcpfits fgj raquhracagts.

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\rbvhja fjvhia fgj nuhjfgia tb fkk btmar frafs bo tma ùshgass fgj HZ bg fkk ibgguhty-rakftaj hssuas.

HZ Yarvhia Ibgguhty Cfgfnacagt \urpbsa fgj b`daivas4 Zma purpbsa bo tma HZ sarvhia ibgguhty cfgfnacagt prbiass hs

tb suppbrt tma bvarfkk ùshgass ibgguhty cfgfnacagt (@IC) prbiass `y agsurhgn tmft, `y cfgfnhgn tma rhses tmft ibukj sarhbusky fait HZ sarvhias, tma HZ sarvhia prbvhjar ifg fkwfys prbvhja chghcuc fnraaj ùshgass ibgguhty-rakftaj sarvhia kavaks. Hg suppbrt bo fgj fkhngcagt whtm tma @IC prbiass, HZYIC usas obrcfk rhse fssasscagt fgj cfgfnacagt taimghquas tb4 

Pajuia rhses tb HZ sarvhias tb fnraaj fiiaptf`ka kavaks.

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\kfg fgj prapfra obr tma raibvary bo HZ sarvhias.


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Zma b`daivas bo HZYIC fra tb4 

\rbjuia fgj cfhgtfhg f sat bo HZ sarvhia ibgguhty pkfgs tmft suppbrt tma bvarfkk ùshgass ibgguhty pkfgs bo tma brnfghzfbg.

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Ibcpkata ranukfr @HF axarihsas tb agsura tmft fkk ibgguhty pkfgs fra cfhgtfhgaj hg khga whtm imfgnhgn ùshgass hcpfits fgj raquhracagts.

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Ibgjuit ranukfr rhse fssasscagt fgj cfgfnacagt axarihsas tb cfgfna HZ sarvhias whtmhg fg fnraaj kavak bo ùshgass rhse hg ibgdugibg whtm tma ùshgass fgj tma fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt fgj hgobrcfbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt prbiassas.

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\rbvhja fjvhia fgj nuhjfgia tb fkk btmar frafs bo tma ùshgass fgj HZ bg fkk ibgguhtyrakftaj hssuas.

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Agsura tmft fpprbprhfta ibgguhty caimfghscs fra put hg pkfia tb caat br axiaaj tma fnraaj ùshgass ibgguhty tfrnats.

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Fssass tma hcpfit bo fkk imfgnas bg tma HZ sarvhia ibgguhty pkfgs fgj suppbrgn catmbjs fgj prbiajuras.

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Agsura tmft prbfiva cafsuras tb hcprbva tma fvfhkf`hkhty bo sarvhias fra hcpkacagtaj wmaravar ht hs ibst-dusf`ka tb jb sb.

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Ganbfta fgj fnraa ibgtrfits whtm suppkhars obr tma prbvhshbg bo tma gaiassfry raibvary ifpf`hkhty tb suppbrt fkk ibgguhty pkfgs hg ibgdugibg whtm tma suppkhar cfgfnacagt prbiass.


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HZ Yarvhia Ibgguhty Cfgfnacagt Yibpa 

HZYIC prhcfrhky ibgshjars tma HZ fssats fgj ibgnurfbgs tmft suppbrt tma ùshgass prbiassas.

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HZYIC obiusas bg tmbsa avagts tmft tma ùshgass ibgshjars shnghifgt agbunm tb à traftaj fs f ”jhsfstar‘.

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Kass shnghifgt avagts whkk à jafkt whtm fs pfrt bo tma hgihjagt cfgfnacagt prbiass. ^mft ibgstutas f jhsfstar whkk vfry orbc brnfghzfbg tb brnfghzfbg.

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Zma hcpfit bo f kbss bo f ùshgass prbiass, suim fs gfgihfk kbss, jfcfna tb raputfbg br ranukftbry `rafim, hs cafsuraj tmrbunm f @HF axarihsa, wmhim jatarchgas tma chghcuc irhifk raquhracagts.

HZ Yarvhia Ibgguhty Cfgfnacagt Yibpa4 HZYIC obiusas bg tmbsa avagts tmft tma ùshgass ibgshjars shnghifgt agbunm tb

à traftaj fs f ”jhsfstar‘. Kass shnghifgt avagts whkk à jafkt whtm fs pfrt bo tma hgihjagt cfgfnacagt prbiass. ^mft ibgstutas f jhsfstar whkk vfry orbc brnfghzfbg tb brnfghzfbg. Zma hcpfit bo f kbss bo f ùshgass prbiass, suim fs gfgihfk kbss, jfcfna tb raputfbg br ranukftbry `rafim, hs cafsuraj tmrbunm f @HF axarihsa, wmhim jatarchgas tma chghcuc irhifk raquhracagts. Zma spaihi HZ taimghifk fgj sarvhia raquhracagts fra suppbrtaj `y HZYIC. Zma sibpa bo HZYIC whtmhg fg brnfghzfbg hs jatarchgaj `y tma brnfghzfbgfk struitura, iuktura fgj strftanhi jhraibg (`btm ùshgass fgj taimgbkbny) hg tarcs bo tma sarvhias prbvhjaj fgj mbw tmasa javakbp fgj imfgna bvar ca.


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HZYIC prhcfrhky ibgshjars tma HZ fssats fgj ibgnurfbgs tmft suppbrt tma ùshgass prbiassas. Ho (obkkbwhgn f jhsfstar) ht hs gaiassfry tb rakbifta tb fg fktargfva wbrehgn kbifbg, prbvhshbg whkk fksb à raquhraj obr htacs suim fs bia fgj parsbggak fiibccbjfbg, ibphas bo irhifk pfpar raibrjs, iburhar sarvhias fgj takapmbga ofihkhas tb ibccughifta whtm iustbcars fgj tmhrj pfras. Zma sibpa whkk gaaj tb tfea hgtb fiibugt tma gucàr fgj kbifbg bo tma brnfghzfbg‘s bias fgj tma sarvhias parobrcaj hg afim. HZYIC jbas gbt usufkky jhraitky ibvar kbgnar tarc rhses suim fs tmbsa orbc imfgnas hg ùshgass jhraibg, jhvarshifbg, rastruiturhgn, cfdbr ibcpatbr ofhkura, fgj sb bg. ^mhka tmasa rhses ifg mfva f shnghifgt hcpfit bg HZ sarvhia akacagts fgj tmahr ibgguhty caimfghscs, tmara hs usufkky ca tb hjagoy fgj avfkufta tma rhse fgj hgikuja rhse chnfbg tmrbunm imfgnas br smhs hg ùshgass fgj HZ strftanhas, tmara`y àibchgn pfrt bo tma bvarfkk ùshgass fgj HZ imfgna cfgfnacagt prbnrfcca. Yhchkfrky, HZYIC jbas gbt usufkky ibvar chgbr taimghifk ofukts (obr axfcpka, gbg-irhifk jhse ofhkura), ugkass tmara hs f pbssh`hkhty tmft tma hcpfit ibukj mfva f cfdbr hcpfit bg tma ùshgass. Zmasa rhses wbukj à axpaitaj tb à ibvaraj cfhgky tmrbunm tma sarvhia jase fgj tma hgihjagt cfgfnacagt prbiass, br rasbkvaj tmrbunm tma pkfgghgn fssbihftaj whtm tma prbiassas bo fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt, prb`kac cfgfnacagt, imfgna cfgfnacagt, sarvhia fssat fgj ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt fgj ”ùshgass fs usufk‘ bparfbgfk cfgfnacagt. Zma

HZYIC prbiass hgikujas4 

Zma fnraacagt bo tma sibpa bo tma HZYIC prbiass fgj tma pbkhihas fjbptaj

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@HF tb qufgoy tma hcpfit kbss bo HZ sarvhia wbukj mfva bg tma ùshgass

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Phse fssasscagt fgj cfgfnacagt ’ tma rhse hjagifbg fgj rhse fssasscagt tb hjagoy pbtagfk tmrafts tb ibgguhty fgj tma kheakhmbbj bo tma tmrafts àibchgn rafkhty.

Zmhs fksb hgikujas tfehgn cafsuras tb cfgfna tma hjagaj tmrafts wmara tmhs ifg à ibst dusaj. Zma fpprbfim tb cfgfnhgn tmasa tmrafts whkk obrc tma ibra bo tma HZYIC strftany fgj pkfgs 

\rbjuibg bo fg bvarfkk HZYIC strftany tmft cust à hgtanrftaj hgtb tma @IC strftany. Zmhs ifg à prbjuiaj obkkbwhgn tma @HF fgj tma javakbpcagt bo tma rhse fssasscagt, fgj hs kheaky tb hgikuja akacagts bo rhse rajuibg fs wakk fs sakaibg bo fpprbprhfta fgj ibcpramagshva raibvary bpbgs.


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\rbjuibg bo fg HZYIC pkfg, wmhim fnfhg cust à hgtanrftaj whtm tma bvarfkk @IC pkfgs.

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Zasgn bo tma pkfgs.

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Bgnbhgn bparfbg fgj cfhgtagfgia bo tma pkfgs.


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HZ Yarvhia Ibgguhty Cfgfnacagt @ushgass Hcpfit Fgfkyshs Zma purpbsa bo f @HF hs tb qufgoy tma hcpfit tb tma ùshgass tmft kbss bo sarvhia wbukj mfva. Zmhs hcpfit ibukj à f ”mfrj‘ hcpfit tmft ifg à praihsaky hjagaj ’ suim fs gfgihfk kbss ’ br ”sb‘ hcpfit ’ suim fs pu`khi rakfbgs, cbrfk, mafktm fgj sfoaty br kbss bo ibcpava fjvfgtfna. Zma @HF hjagas4 Zma obrc tmft tma jfcfna br Mbw tma janraa bo jfcfna Zma ca whtmhg wmhim kbss cfy tfea ’ obraxfcpka4 br kbss hs kheaky tb asifkfta chghcuc kavaks bo stfgn, Kbst hgibca

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Fjjhbgfk ibsts

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Jfcfnaj raputfbg

far f sarvhia jhsrupbg

ofihkhas fgj sarvhias smbukj à raibvaraj

HZ Yarvhia Ibgguhty Cfgfnacagt @ushgass Hcpfit Fgfkyshs4 Zma purpbsa bo f @HF hs tb qufgoy tma hcpfit tb tma ùshgass

tmft kbss bo sarvhia wbukj mfva. Zmhs hcpfit ibukj à f ”mfrj‘ hcpfit tmft ifg à praihsaky hjagaj ’ suim fs gfgihfk kbss ’ br ”sb‘ hcpfit ’ suim fs pu`khi rakfbgs, cbrfk, mafktm fgj sfoaty br kbss bo ibcpava fjvfgtfna. Zma @HF whkk hjagoy tma cbst hcpbrtfgt sarvhias tb tma brnfghzfbg fgj whkk tmaraobra à f eay hgput tb tma strftany. Zma @HF hjagas4 

Zma obrc tmft tma jfcfna br kbss cfy tfea ’ obr axfcpka4 •

Kbst hgibca

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Fjjhbgfk ibsts

•

Jfcfnaj raputfbg


0


•

Kbss bo nbbjwhkk

•

Kbss bo ibcpava fjvfgtfna

•

@rafim bo kfw, mafktm fgj sfoaty ranukfbgs

•

Phse tb parsbgfk sfoaty

•

Hccajhfta fgj kbgn-tarc kbss bo cfreat smfra

•

\bkhifk, ibrpbrfta br parsbgfk ac`frrfsscagt

•

Kbss bo bparfbgfk ifpf`hkhty,obr axfcpka, hg f ibccfgj fgj ibgtrbk agvhrbgcagt



Mbw tma janraa bo jfcfna br kbss hs kheaky tb asifkfta far f sarvhia jhsrupbg, fgj tma cas bo tma jfy, waae, cbgtm br yafr wmag jhsrupbg whkk à cbst savara.



Zma stfgn, sehkks, ofihkhas fgj sarvhias (hgikujhgn tma HZ sarvhias) gaiassfry tb agf`ka irhifk fgj assagfk ùshgass prbiassas tb ibggua bparfgn ft f chghcuc fiiaptf`ka kavak.



Zma ca whtmhg wmhim chghcuc kavaks bo stfgn, ofihkhas fgj sarvhias smbukj à raibvaraj.



Zma ca whtmhg wmhim fkk raquhraj ùshgass prbiassas fgj suppbrgn stf, ofihkhas fgj sarvhias smbukj à oukky raibvaraj.



Zma rakfva ùshgass raibvary prhbrhty obr afim bo tma HZ sarvhias.


0<>



HZ Yarvhia Ibgguhty Cfgfnacagt Phse Fssasscagt Zmhs hs fg fssasscagt bo tma kavak bo tmraft fgj tma axtagt tb wmhim fg brnfghzfbg hs vukgarf`ka tb tmft tmraft. Phse fssasscagt ifg fksb à usaj hg fssasshgn fgj rajuihgn tma imfgia bo gbrcfk bparfbgfk hgihjagts fgj hs f taimghqua usaj `y fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt tb agsura tma raquhraj fvfhkf`hkhty fgj rakhf`hkhty kavaks ifg à cfhgtfhgaj. Phse fssasscagt hs fksb f eay fspait bo hgobrcfbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt.

Phse fssasscagt hs tma fssasscagt bo rhses tmft cfynhva rhsa tb sarvhia jhsrupbg br saiurhty vhbkfbg. Phse Cfgfnacagt hsibgiargaj whtmhjagoyhgn fpprbprhfta rhse raspbgs as br ibst dusf`ka ibugtar cafsuras tb ibc`ft tmbsa rhses.

HZ Yarvhia Ibgguhty Cfgfnacagt Phse Fssasscagt4 Zma saibgj jrhvar hg jatarchghgn HZYIC raquhracagts hs tma kheakhmbbj tmft

f jhsfstar br btmar sarhbus sarvhia jhsrupbg whkk fitufkky biiur. Zmhs hs fg fssasscagt bo tma kavak bo tmraft fgj tma axtagt tb wmhim fg brnfghzfbg hs vukgarf`ka tb tmft tmraft. Phse fssasscagt ifg fksb à usaj hg fssasshgn fgj rajuihgn tma imfgia bo gbrcfk bparfbgfk hgihjagts fgj hs f taimghqua usaj `y fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt tb agsura tma raquhraj fvfhkf`hkhty fgj rakhf`hkhty kavaks ifg à cfhgtfhgaj. Phse fssasscagt hs fksb f eay fspait bo hgobrcfbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt. F gucàr bo rhse fssasscagt fgj cfgfnacagt catmbjs fra fvfhkf`ka obr `btm tma ibccarihfk fgj nbvargcagt saitbrs. Phse fssasscagt hs tma fssasscagt bo tma rhses tmft cfy nhva rhsa tb sarvhia jhsrupbg br saiurhty vhbkfbg. Phse cfgfnacagt hs ibgiargaj whtm hjagoyhgn fpprbprhfta rhse raspbgsas br ibst-dusf`ka ibugtarcafsuras tb ibc`ft tmbsa rhses.


0<=



F stfgjfrj catmbjbkbny, suim fs tma Cfgfnacagt bo Phse (CRbRP), smbukj à usaj tb fssass fgj cfgfna rhses whtmhg fg brnfghzfbg. Zma CRbRP orfcawbre hs jasirhàj hg nraftar jatfhk hg Fppagjhx C. Ibgjuign f obrcfk rhse fssasscagt ushgn CRbRP br fgbtmar struituraj catmbj whkk typhifkky rasukt hg f rhse prbka, ibgtfhghgn cfgy rhses tmft fra butshja tma jagaj kavak bo ”fiiaptf`ka rhse‘. Obkkbwhgn tma rhse fssasscagt ht hs pbssh`ka tb jatarchga fpprbprhfta rhse raspbgsas br rhse rajuibg cafsuras (HZYIC caimfghscs) tb cfgfna tma rhses, h.a. rajuia tma rhse tb fg fiiaptf`ka kavak br chnfta tma rhse. ^maravar pbssh`ka, fpprbprhfta rhse raspbgsas smbukj à hcpkacagtaj tb rajuia ahtmar tma hcpfit br tma kheakhmbbj, br `btm, bo tmasa rhses orbc cfghoasgn tmacsakvas. Hg tma ibgtaxt bo HZYIC, tmara fra f gucàr bo rhses tmft gaaj tb à tfeag hgtb ibgshjarfbg. HZ sarvhia ibgguhty strftany4 Zma rasukts bo tma @HF fgj tma rhse fssasscagt whkk agf`ka fpprbprhfta ùshgass fgj HZ sarvhia ibgguhty strftanhas tb à prbjuiaj hg khga whtm tma ùshgass gaajs. Zma strftany whkk à fg bpcuc `fkfgia bo rhse rajuibg fgj raibvary br ibgguhty bpbgs. Zmhs hgikujas ibgshjarfbg bo tma rakfva sarvhia raibvary prhbrhas fgj tma imfgnas hg rakfva sarvhia prhbrhty obr tma ca bo jfy, jfy bo tma waae, fgj cbgtmky fgj fggufk vfrhfbgs. Zmbsa sarvhias tmft mfva àag hjagaj fs mhnm hcpfits hg tma smbrt tarc whtmhg tma @HF whkk wfgt tb ibgiagtrfta abrts bg pravagva rhse rajuibg catmbjs ’ obr axfcpka, tmrbunm oukk rashkhagia fgj ofukt tbkarfgia ’ wmhka fg brnfghzfbg tmft mfs kbw smbrt-tarc hcpfits wbukj à àar suhtaj tb ibcpramagshva raibvary bpbgs.


0<8



Hgobrcfbg Yaiurhty Cfgfnacagt

Zma \urpbsa bo tma hgobrcfbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt prbiass hs tb fkhng HZ

saiurhty whtm ùshgass saiurhty fgj agsura tmft tma ibgjagfkhty, hgtanrhty fgj fvfhkf`hkhty bo tma brnfghzfbg‘s fssats, hgobrcfbg, jftf fgj HZ sarvhias fkwfys cftimas tma fnraaj gaajs bo tma ùshgass.

B`daiva Zma b`daiva bo hgobrcfbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt hs tb prbtait tma hgtarasts bo tmbsa rakyhgn bg hgobrcfbg, fgj tma systacs fgj ibccughifbgs tmft jakhvar tma hgobrcfbg, orbc mfrc rasukgn orbc ofhkuras bo ibgjagfkhty, hgtanrhty fgj fvfhkf`hkhty.

Hgobrcfbg Yaiurhty Cfgfnacagt \urpbsa fgj b`daivas4 Zma purpbsa bo tma hgobrcfbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt prbiass hs

tb fkhng HZ saiurhty whtm ùshgass saiurhty fgj agsura tmft tma ibgjagfkhty, hgtanrhty fgj fvfhkf`hkhty bo tma brnfghzfbg‘s fssats, hgobrcfbg, jftf fgj HZ sarvhias fkwfys cftimas tma fnraaj gaajs bo tma ùshgass. Zma b`daiva bo hgobrcfbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt hs tb prbtait tma hgtarasts bo tmbsa rakyhgn bg hgobrcfbg, fgj tma systacs fgj ibccughifbgs tmft jakhva r tma hgobrcfbg, orbc mfrc


06<



rasukgn orbc ofhkuras bo ibgjagfkhty, hgtanrhty fgj fvfhkf`hkhty. Obr cbst brnfghzfbgs, tma saiurhty b`daiva hs cat wmag4 

Hgobrcfbg hs b`sarvaj `y br jhsikbsaj tb bgky tmbsa wmb mfva f rhnmt tb egbw (ibgjagfkhty).



Hgobrcfbg hs ibcpkata, fiiurfta fgj prbtaitaj fnfhgst ugfutmbrhzaj cbjhifbg (hgtanrhty).



Hgobrcfbg hs fvfhkf`ka fgj usf`ka wmag raquhraj, fgj tma systacs tmft prbvhja ht ifg fpprbprhftaky rashst ffies fgj raibvar orbc br pravagt ofhkuras (fvfhkf`hkhty).



@ushgass trfgsfibgs, fs wakk fs hgobrcfbg aximfgnas àtwaag agtarprhsas, br whtm pfrtgars, ifg à trustaj (futmagihty fgj gbgrapujhfbg).


066



Hgobrcfbg Yaiurhty Cfgfnacagt Yibpa Zma hgobrcfbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt prbiass smbukj à tma obifk pbhgt obr fkk HZ saiurhty hssuas, fgj cust agsura tmft fg hgobrcfbg saiurhty pbkhiy hs prbjuiaj, cfhgtfhgaj fgj agobriaj tmft ibvars tma usa fgj chsusa bo fkk HZ systacs fgj sarvhias. Hgobrcfbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt gaajs tb ugjarstfgj tma tbtfk HZ fgj ùshgass saiurhty agvhrbgcagt, hgikujhgn tma4

@ushgass saiurhty pbkhiy fgj pkfgs Iurragt ùshgass bparfbg fgj hts saiurhty raquhracagts Outura ùshgass pkfgs fgj raquhracagts

Kanhskfva fgj ranukftbry raquhracagts B`khnfbgs fgj raspbgsh`hkhas whtm ranfrj tb saiurhty ibgtfhgaj whtmhg YKFs Zma ùshgass fgj HZ rhses fgj tmahr cfgfnacagt.

Hgobrcfbg Yaiurhty Cfgfnacagt Yibpa4 Zma hgobrcfbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt prbiass smbukj à tma obifk pbhgt obr fkk HZ

saiurhty hssuas, fgj cust agsura tmft fg hgobrcfbg saiurhty pbkhiy hs prbjuiaj, cfhgtfhgaj fgj agobriaj tmft ibvars tma usa fgj chsusa bo fkk HZ systacs fgj sarvhias. Hgobrcfbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt gaajs tb ugjarstfgj tma tbtfk HZ fgj ùshgass saiurhty agvhrbgcagt, hgikujhgn tma4


060





@ushgass saiurhty pbkhiy fgj pkfgs.



Iurragt ùshgass bparfbg fgj hts saiurhty raquhracagts.



Outura ùshgass pkfgs fgj raquhracagts.



Kanhskfva fgj ranukftbry raquhracagts.



B`khnfbgs fgj raspbgsh`hkhas whtm ranfrj tb saiurhty ibgtfhgaj whtmhg YKFs.



Zma ùshgass fgj HZ rhses fgj tmahr cfgfnacagt.

Qgjarstfgjhgn fkk bo tmhs whkk agf`ka hgobrcfbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt tb agsura tmft fkk tma iurragt fgj outura saiurhty fspaits fgj rhses bo tma ùshgass fra ibst-aaivaky cfgfnaj. \rhbrhzfbg bo ibgjagfkhty, hgtanrhty fgj fvfhkf`hkhty cust à ibgshjaraj hg tma ibgtaxt bo ùshgass fgj ùshgass prbiassas. Zma prhcfry nuhja tb jaghgn wmft cust à prbtaitaj fgj tma kavak bo prbtaibg mfs tb ibca orbc tma ùshgass. Zb à aaiva, saiurhty cust fjjrass agra ùshgass prbiassas orbc agj tb agj fgj ibvar tma pmyshifk fgj taimghifk fspaits. Bgky whtmhg tma ibgtaxt bo ùshgass gaajs fgj rhses ifg cfgfnacagt jaga saiurhty. Zma hgobrcfbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt prbiass smbukj hgikuja4 

Zma prbjuibg, cfhgtagfgia, jhstrhùbg fgj agobriacagt bo fg hgobrcfbg saiurhty pbkhiy fgj suppbrgn saiurhty pbkhihas.



Qgjarstfgjhgn tma fnraaj iurragt fgj outura saiurhty raquhracagts bo tma ùshgass fgj tma axhsgn ùshgass saiurhty pbkhiy fgj pkfgs.



Hcpkacagtfbg bo f sat bo saiurhty ibgtrbks tmft suppbrt tma hgobrcfbg saiurhty pbkhiy fgj cfgfna rhses fssbihftaj whtm fiiass tb sarvhias, hgobrcfbg fgj systacs.



Jbiucagtfbg bo fkk saiurhty ibgtrbks, tbnatmar whtm tma bparfbg fgj cfhgtagfgia bo tma ibgtrbks fgj tmahr fssbihftaj rhses.



Cfgfnacagt bo suppkhars fgj ibgtrfits ranfrjhgn fiiass tb systacs fgj sarvhias, hg ibgdugibg whtm suppkhar cfgfnacagt.


069





Cfgfnacagt bo fkk saiurhty `rafimas, hgihjagts fgj prb`kacs fssbihftaj whtm fkk systacs fgj sarvhias



Zma prbfiva hcprbvacagt bo saiurhty ibgtrbks, fgj saiurhty rhse cfgfnacagt fgj tma rajuibg bo saiurhty rhses



Hgtanrfbg bo saiurhty fspaits whtmhg fkk btmar HZYC prbiassas.

Zb fimhava aaiva hgobrcfbg saiurhty nbvargfgia, cfgfnacagt cust astf`khsm fgj cfhgtfhg fg hgobrcfbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt systac (HYCY) tb nuhja tma javakbpcagt fgj cfgfnacagt bo f ibcpramagshva hgobrcfbg saiurhty prbnrfcca tmft suppbrts tma ùshgass b`daivas.


06:



Hgobrcfbg Yaiurhty Cfgfnacagt Hgobrcfbg Yaiurhty \bkhiy Zma hgobrcfbg saiurhty pbkhiy smbukj mfva tma oukk suppbrt bo tbp axaiuva HZ cfgfnacagt fgj hjafkky tma suppbrt fgj ibcchtcagt bo tbp axaiuva ùshgass cfgfnacagt. Zma pbkhiy smbukj ibvar fkk frafs bo saiurhty, à fpprbprhfta, caat tma gaajs bo

tma ùshgass fgj smbukj hgikuja4

Qsa fgj chsusa bo HZ

F jbiucagt

F racbta fiiass

fssats pbkhiy

ikfsshifbg pbkhiy

pbkhiy

Fg fiiass ibgtrbk

Fg hgobrcfbg

Fg fssat jhspbsfk

pbkhiy

ikfsshifbg pbkhiy

pbkhiy

F pfsswbrj ibgtrbk pbkhiy

Fg acfhk pbkhiy

F raibrjs ratagbg Fg fg-vhrus pbkhiy

pbkhiy

Fg hgtargat pbkhiy

Hgobrcfbg Yaiurhty Cfgfnacagt Fivhas smbukj à obiusaj bg fgj jrhvag `y fg bvarfkk hgobrcfbg saiurhty pbkhiy fgj f sat bo ugjarphgghgn spaihi saiurhty pbkhihas. Zma hgobrcfbg saiurhty pbkhiy smbukj mfva tma oukk suppbrt bo tbp axaiuva HZ cfgfnacagt fgj hjafkky tma suppbrt fgj ibcchtcagt bo tbp axaiuva ùshgass cfgfnacagt.


061



Zma pbkhiy smbukj ibvar fkk frafs bo saiurhty, à fpprbprhfta, caat tma gaajs bo tma ùshgass

fgj smbukj hgikuja4 

Fg bvarfkk hgobrcfbg saiurhty pbkhiy.



Qsa fgj chsusa bo HZ fssats pbkhiy.



Fg fiiass ibgtrbk pbkhiy.



F pfsswbrj ibgtrbk pbkhiy.



Fg acfhk pbkhiy.



Fg hgtargat pbkhiy.



Fg fg-vhrus pbkhiy.



Fg hgobrcfbg ikfsshifbg pbkhiy.



F jbiucagt ikfsshifbg pbkhiy.



F racbta fiiass pbkhiy.



F pbkhiy whtm ranfrj tb suppkhar fiiass tb HZ sarvhia, hgobrcfbg fgj ibcpbgagts.



F ibpyrhnmt hgorhgnacagt pbkhiy obr akaitrbghi cftarhfk.



Fg fssat jhspbsfk pbkhiy.



F raibrjs ratagbg pbkhiy.

Hg cbst ifsas, tmasa pbkhihas smbukj à whjaky fvfhkf`ka tb fkk iustbcars fgj usars, fgj tmahr ibcpkhfgia smbukj à raoarraj tb hg fkk YKPs, YKFs, BKFs, ugjarphgghgn ibgtrfits fgj fnraacagts. Zma pbkhihas smbukj à futmbrhzaj `y tbp axaiuva cfgfnacagt whtmhg tma ùshgass fgj HZ, fgj ibcpkhfgia whtm tmac smbukj à agjbrsaj bg f ranukfr `fshs. Fkk saiurhty pbkhihas smbukj à ravhawaj ’ fgj, wmara gaiassfry, ravhsaj ’ bg ft kafst fg fggufk `fshs.


06?



Yuppkhar Cfgfnacagt \rbiass

\urpbsa

Zma purpbsa bo tma suppkhar cfgfnacagt prbiass hs tb b`tfhg vfkua obr cbgay orbc suppkhars fgj tb prbvhja safckass qufkhty bo HZ sarvhia tb tma ùshgass `y agsurhgn tmft fkk ibgtrfits fgj fnraacagts whtm suppkhars suppbrt tma gaajs bo tma ùshgass fgj tmft fkk suppkhars caat tmahr ibgtrfitufk ibcchtcagts.

B`daivas 

B`tfhg vfkua obr cbgay orbc suppkhars fgj ibgtrfits.



Cfgfna rakfbgsmhps whtm suppkhars Cfgfna suppkhar parobrcfgia.



Ganbfta fgj fnraa ibgtrfits whtm suppkhars fgj cfgfna tmac tmrbunm tmahr khoaiyika.

Yuppkhar Cfgfnacagt \rbiass \urpbsa fgj b`daivas4 ZZma purpbsa bo tma suppkhar cfgfnacagt prbiass hs tb b`tfhg vfkua obr cbgay orbc suppkhars fgj tb prbvhja safckass qufkhty bo HZ sarvhia tb tma ùshgass `y agsurhgn tmft fkk ibgtrfits fgj fnraacagts whtm suppkhars suppbrt tma gaajs bo tma ùshgass fgj tmft fkk suppkhars caat tmahr ibgtrfitufk ibcchtcagts.

Zma cfhg b`daivas bo tma suppkhar cfgfnacagt prbiass fra tb4 

B`tfhg vfkua obr cbgay orbc suppkhars fgj ibgtrfits.



Agsura tmft ibgtrfits whtm suppkhars fra fkhngaj tb ùshgass gaajs, fgj suppbrt fgj fkhng whtm fnraaj tfrnats hg YKPs fgj YKFs, hg ibgdugibg whtm YKC.



Cfgfna rakfbgsmhps whtm suppkhars Cfgfna suppkhar parobrcfgia.



Ganbfta fgj fnraa ibgtrfits whtm suppkhars fgj cfgfna tmac tmrbunm tmahr khoaiyika.



Cfhgtfhg f suppkhar pbkhiy fgj f suppbrgn suppkhar fgj ibgtrfit cfgfnacagt hgobrcfbg systac (YICHY).


06>



Yuppkhar Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Yibpa Zma suppkhar cfgfnacagt prbiass smbukj hgikuja tma cfgfnacagt bo fkk suppkhars fgj ibgtrfits gaajaj tb suppbrt tma prbvhshbg bo HZ sarvhias tb tma

ùshgass. Afim sarvhia prbvhjar smbukj mfva obrcfk prbiassas obr tma cfgfnacagt bo fkk

suppkhars fgj ibgtrfits. Zma suppkhar cfgfnacagt prbiass smbukj hgikuja4

Cfhgtagfgia bo fg

Yuppkhar fgj ibgtrfit

Ibgtrfit ravhaw,

avfkufbg fgj

ragawfk fgj

sakaibg

tarchgfbg

YICHY

Yuppkhar fgj ibgtrfit

Javakbpcagt,

iftanbrhzfbg fgj rhse

ganbfbg fgj

fssasscagt

fnraacagt bo ibgtrfits

Yuppkhar Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Yibpa4 Zma suppkhar cfgfnacagt prbiass smbukj hgikuja tma cfgfnacagt bo fkk suppkhars

fgj ibgtrfits gaajaj tb suppbrt tma prbvhshbg bo HZ sarvhias tb tma ùshgass. Afim sarvhia prbvhjar smbukj mfva obrcfk prbiassas obr tma cfgfnacagt bo fkk suppkhars fgj ibgtrfits. Mbwavar, tma prbiassas smbukj fjfpt tb iftar obr tma hcpbrtfgia bo tma suppkhar fgj/br tma ibgtrfit fgj tma pbtagfk ùshgass hcpfit bg tma prbvhshbg bo sarvhias. Cfgy suppkhars prbvhja suppbrt sarvhias fgj prbjuits tmft hgjapagjagtky mfva f rakfvaky chgbr, fgj ofhrky hgjhrait, rbka hg vfkua nagarfbg, ùt ibkkaivaky cfea f jhrait fgj hcpbrtfgt ibgtrhùbg


06=



tb vfkua nagarfbg fgj tma hcpkacagtfbg bo tma bvarfkk ùshgass strftany. Zma nraftar tma ibgtrhùbg tma suppkhar cfeas tb ùshgass vfkua, tma cbra abrt tma sarvhia prbvhjar smbukj put hgtb tma cfgfnacagt bo tma suppkhar fgj tma cbra tmft suppkhar smbukj à hgvbkvaj hg tma javakbpcagt fgj rafkhzfbg bo tma ùshgass strftany. Zma scfkkar tma suppkhar‘s vfkua ibgtrhùbg, tma cbra kheaky ht hs tmft tma rakfbgsmhp whkk à cfgfnaj cfhgky ft fg bparfbgfk kavak, whtm khchtaj hgtarfibg whtm tma ùshgass. Ht cfy à fpprbprhfta hg sbca brnfghzfbgs, pfriukfrky kfrna bgas, tb cfgfna hgtargfk tafcs fgj suppkhars, wmara jharagt ùshgass ughts cfy prbvhja suppbrt bo eay akacagts. Zma suppkhar cfgfnacagt prbiass smbukj hgikuja4 

Hcpkacagtfbg fgj agobriacagt bo tma suppkhar pbkhiy.



Cfhgtagfgia bo fg YICHY.



Yuppkhar fgj ibgtrfit iftanbrhzfbg fgj rhse fssasscagt.



Yuppkhar fgj ibgtrfit avfkufbg fgj sakaibg.



Javakbpcagt, ganbfbg fgj fnraacagt bo ibgtrfits.



Ibgtrfit ravhaw, ragawfk fgj tarchgfbg.



Cfgfnacagt bo suppkhars fgj suppkhar parobrcfgia.



Hjagifbg bo hcprbvacagt bppbrtughas obr hgikushbg hg tma IYH ranhstar, fgj tma hcpkacagtfbg bo sarvhia fgj suppkhar hcprbvacagt pkfgs.



Cfhgtagfgia bo stfgjfrj ibgtrfits, tarcs fgj ibgjhbgs.



Cfgfnacagt bo ibgtrfitufk jhsputa rasbkubg.



Cfgfnacagt bo su`-ibgtrfitaj suppkhars.

HZ suppkhar cfgfnacagt bag mfs tb ibcpky whtm brnfghzfbgfk br ibrpbrfta stfgjfrjs, nuhjakhgas fgj raquhracagts, pfriukfrky tmbsa bo ibrpbrfta kanfk, gfgia fgj purimfshgn.


068



Hg brjar tb agsura tmft suppkhars prbvhja vfkua obr cbgay fgj caat tmahr sarvhia tfrnats,

tma rakfbgsmhp àtwaag afim suppkhar smbukj à bwgaj `y fg hgjhvhjufk whtmhg tma sarvhia prbvhjar brnfghzfbg. Mbwavar, f shgnka hgjhvhjufk cfy bwg tma rakfbgsmhp obr bga br cfgy suppkhars. Zb agsura tmft rakfbgsmhps fra javakbpaj hg f ibgshstagt cfggar fgj tmft suppkhars‘ parobrcfgia hs fpprbprhftaky ravhawaj fgj cfgfnaj, rbkas gaaj tb à astf`khsmaj obr f suppkhar cfgfnacagt prbiass bwgar fgj f ibgtrfits cfgfnar. Hg scfkkar brnfghzfbgs, tmasa sapfrfta rbkas cfy à ibc`hgaj hgtb f shgnka raspbgsh`hkhty.


00<



Yuppkhar Iftanbrhzfbg

Mhnm a i g trf b p hc Cajhuc j g f a u k f _

Kbw

Ytrftanhi suppkhars

Bparfbgfk

suppkhars

Zfiifk suppkhars

Bparfbgfk suppkhars

Ibccbjhty suppkhars

Kb w

Cajhuc

Mhnm

Phse fgj hcpfit

Yuppkhar I ftanbrhzfbg Zma suppkhar cfgfnacagt prbiass smbukj à fjfpva fgj cfgfnars smbukj spagj cbra ca fgj abrt cfgfnhgn eay suppkhars tmfg kass hcpbrtfgt suppkhars. Zmhs cafgs tmft sbca obrc bo iftanbrhzfbg simaca smbukj axhst whtmhg tma suppkhar cfgfnacagt prbiass tb iftanbrhza tma suppkhar fgj tmahr hcpbrtfgia tb tma sarvhia prbvhjar fgj tma sarvhias prbvhjaj tb tma ùshgass. Yuppkhars ifg à iftanbrhzaj hg cfgy wfys, ùt bga bo tma àst catmbjs obr iftanbrhzhgn suppkhars hs `fsaj bg fssasshgn tma rhse fgj hcpfit fssbihftaj whtm ushgn tma suppkhar, fgj tma


006



vfkua fgj hcpbrtfgia bo tma suppkhar fgj hts sarvhias tb tma ùshgass. Zma fcbugt bo ca fgj abrt spagt cfgfnhgn tma suppkhar fgj tma rakfbgsmhp ifg tmag à fpprbprhfta tb hts iftanbrhzfbg4 

Ytrftanhi Obr shnghifgt ”pfrtgarhgn‘ rakfbgsmhps tmft hgvbkva saghbr cfgfnars smfrhgn ibgjagfk strftanhi hgobrcfbg tb ofihkhtfta kbgn-tarc pkfgs. Zmasa rakfbgsmhps wbukj gbrcfkky à cfgfnaj fgj bwgaj ft f saghbr cfgfnacagt kavak whtmhg tma sarvhia prbvhjar brnfghzfbg, fgj wbukj hgvbkva ranukfr fgj oraquagt ibgtfit fgj parobrcfgia ravhaws. Zmasa rakfbgsmhps wbukj prb`f`ky raquhra hgvbkvacagt bo sarvhia strftany fgj sarvhia jashng rasburias, fgj wbukj hgikuja bgnbhgn spaihi hcprbvacagt prbnrfccas (a.n. f gatwbre sarvhia prbvhjar suppkyhgn wbrkjwhja gatwbres sarvhia fgj tmahr suppbrt).



ZfiifkObr rakfbgsmhps hgvbkvhgn shnghifgt ibccarihfk fivhty fgj ùshgass hgtarfibg. Zmasa rakfbgsmhps wbukj gbrcfkky à cfgfnaj `y chjjka cfgfnacagt fgj wbukj hgvbkva ranukfr ibgtfit fgj parobrcfgia ravhaws, bag hgikujhgn bgnbhgn hcprbvacagt prbnrfccas (a.n. f mfrjwfra cfhgtagfgia brnfghzfbg prbvhjhgn rasbkubg bo sarvar mfrjwfra ofhkuras).



Bparfbgfk Obr suppkhars bo bparfbgfk prbjuits br sarvhias. Zmasa rakfbgsmhps wbukj

gbrcfkky à cfgfnaj `y dughbr bparfbgfk cfgfnacagt fgj wbukj hgvbkva hgoraquagt ùt ranukfr ibgtfit fgj parobrcfgia ravhaws (a.n. fg hgtargat mbsgn sarvhia prbvhjar, suppkyhgn mbsgn spfia obr f kbw-usfna, kbw-hcpfit wa`shta br hgtargfkky usaj HZ sarvhia). 

Ibccbjhty Obr suppkhars prbvhjhgn kbw-vfkua fgj/br rafjhky fvfhkf`ka prbjuits fgj sarvhias, wmhim ibukj à fktargfvaky sburiaj rakfvaky afshky (a.n. pfpar br prhgtar ifrtrhjna suppkhars).

Ytrftanhifkky hcpbrtfgt suppkhar rakfbgsmhps fra nhvag tma nraftast obius. Ht hs hg tmasa ifsas tmft suppkhar cfgfnars mfva tb agsura tmft tma iuktura bo tma sarvhia prbvhjar brnfghzfbg hs axtagjaj hgtb tma suppkhar jbcfhg sb tmft tma rakfbgsmhp wbres àybgj tma hghfk ibgtrfit. Zma rhsa hg pbpukfrhty bo butsburihgn, fgj tma hgirafsa hg tma sibpa fgj ibcpkaxhty bo sbca sburihgn frrfgnacagts, mfs rasuktaj hg f jhvarshifbg bo typas bo suppkhar rakfbgsmhp. Ft f strftanhi kavak, ht hs hcpbrtfgt tb ugjarstfgj tma bpbgs tmft fra fvfhkf`ka sb tmft tma cbst suhtf`ka typa bo suppkhar rakfbgsmhp ifg à astf`khsmaj tb nfhg cfxhcuc ùshgass àgat fgj avbkvas hg khga whtm ùshgass gaajs.


000



F gucàr bo ofitbrs, orbc tma gftura bo tma sarvhia tb tma bvarfkk ibst, jatarchga tma

hcpbrtfgia bo f suppkhar orbc f ùshgass parspaiva. Fs smbwg kftar, tma nraftar tma ùshgass shnghifgia bo f suppkhar rakfbgsmhp, tma cbra tma ùshgass gaajs tb à hgvbkvaj hg tma cfgfnacagt fgj javakbpcagt bo f rakfbgsmhp. F obrcfk iftanbrhzfbg fpprbfim ifg makp tb astf`khsm tmhs hcpbrtfgia.


009



Pbkas ’ \rbiass \rfibgar F prbiass prfibgar hs raspbgsh`ka obr ifrryhgn but bga br cbra prbiass fivhas. 

Ifrryhgn but bga br cbra fivhas bo f prbiass.



^brehgn whtm btmar stfeambkjars, suimfs tmahr cfgfnar, ib-wbrears, usars fgj iustbcars, tb agsura tmft tmahr ibgtrhùbgs fra aaiva.



Agsurhgn tmft hgputs, butputs fgj hgtarofias obr tmahr fivhas fra ibrrait.



Irafgn br upjfgn raibrjs tb smbw tmft fivhas mfvaàag ifrrhaj but ibrraitky.

Pbkas ’ \rbiass \rfibgar \rbiass prfibgar rbka4 F prbiass prfibgar hs raspbgsh`ka obr ifrryhgn but bga br cbra prbiass fivhas.

Hg sbca brnfghzfbgs, fgj obr sbca prbiassas, tma prbiass prfibgar rbka cfy à ibc`hgaj whtm tma prbiass cfgfnar rbka5 hg btmars tmara cfy à kfrna gucàrs bo prfibgars ifrryhgn but jharagt pfrts bo tma prbiass. Zma prbiass prfibgar‘s raspbgsh`hkhas typhifkky hgikuja4 

Ifrryhgn but bga br cbra fivhas bo f prbiass.



Qgjarstfgjhgn mbw tmahr rbka ibgtrhùtas tb tma bvarfkk jakhvary bo sarvhia fgj irafbg



bo vfkua obr tma ùshgass. ^brehgn whtm btmar stfeambkjars, suimfs tmahr cfgfnar, ib-wbrears,usars fgj iustbcars, tb agsura tmft tmahr ibgtrhùbgs fra aaiva.



Agsurhgn tmft hgputs, butputs fgj hgtarofias obr tmahr fivhas fra ibrrait.



Irafgn br upjfgn raibrjs tb smbw tmft fivhas mfva àag ifrrhaj but ibrraitky.


00:



Pbkas ’ \rbiass Bwgar Zma prbiass bwgar hs raspbgsh`ka obr agsurhgn tmft f kk fivhas jagaj whtmhg tma prbiass fra ugjartfeag fgj hs raspbgsh`ka obr4 

Ypbgsbrhgn, jashnghgn fgj imfgna cfgfnhgn tma prbiass fgj hts catrhis.



Jaghgn tma prbiass strftany.



Fsshsgn whtm prbiass jashng.



Agsurhgn tmft fpprbprhfta prbiass jbiucagtfbg hs fvfhkf`ka fgj iurragt.



Jaghgn fpprbprhfta pbkhihas fgj stfgjfrjs tb à acpkbyaj tmrbunmbut tma prbiass.

Pbkas ’ \rbiass Bwgar Ybca cbra rbkas bo prbiass bwgar4 

Ypbgsbrhgn, jashnghgn fgj imfgna cfgfnhgn tma prbiass fgj hts catrhis.



Jaghgn prbiass strftany.



Fsshsgn whtm prbiass jashng.



Agsurhgn tmft fpprbprhfta prbiass jbiucagtfbg hs fvfhkf`ka fgj iurragt.



\arhbjhifkky fujhgn tma prbiass tb agsura ibcpkhfgia tb pbkhiy fgj stfgjfrjs.



Ibccughifgn prbiass hgobrcfbg br imfgnas fs fpprbprhfta tb agsura fwfragass.


001







\rbvhjhgn prbiass rasburias tb suppbrt fivhas raquhraj tmrbunmbut tma Yarvhia Cfgfnacagt khoaiyika. Agsurhgn prbiass taimghihfgs mfva tma raquhraj egbwkajna fgj tma raquhraj taimghifk fgj ùshgass ugjarstfgjhgn tb jakhvar tma prbiass, fgj ugjarstfgj tmahr rbka hg tma prbiass.



Pavhawhgn bppbrtughas obr prbiass agmfgiacagts fgj obr hcprbvhgn tma aihagiy fgj aaivagass bo tma prbiass.



Fjjrasshgn hssuas whtm tma rugghgn bo tma prbiass.



\rbvhjhgn hgput tb tma bgnbhgn sarvhia hcprbvacagt pkfg.


00?



Pbkas ’ \rbiass Cfgfnar Zma prbiass cfgfnar‘s fiibugtf`hkhas hgikuja4 

^brehgn whtm tma prbiass bwgar tb pkfg fgj ibbrjhgfta fkk prbiass fivhas.



Agsurhgn tmft fkk fivhas fra ifrrhaj but fs raquhraj tmrbunmbut tma sarvhia khoaiyika.



Fppbhggn pabpka tb tma raquhraj rbkas.



Cfgfnhgn rasburias fsshngaj tb tma prbiass.



^brehgn whtm sarvhia bwgars fgj btmar prbiass cfgfnars tb agsura tma scbbtm rugghgn bo sarvhias.

Pbkas ’ \rbiass Cfgfnar Nagarhi \rbiass cfgfnar Pbka4 Zmara cfy à savarfk prbiass cfgfnars obr bga prbiass, obr axfcpka ranhbgfk imfgna cfgfnars br HZ sarvhia ibgguhty cfgfnars obr afim jftf iagtar. Zma prbiass cfgfnar rbka hs bag fsshngaj tb tma parsbg wmb ifrrhas but tma prbiass bwgar rbka, ùt tma twb rbkas cfy à sapfrfta hg kfrnar brnfghzfbgs.

Zma prbiass cfgfnar‘s fiibugtf`hkhas hgikuja4 

^brehgn whtm tma prbiass bwgar tb pkfg fgj ibbrjhgfta fkk prbiass fivhas.



Agsurhgn tmft fkk fivhas fra ifrrhaj but fs raquhraj tmrbunmbut tma sarvhia khoaiyika.



Fppbhggn pabpka tb tma raquhraj rbkas.



Cfgfnhgn rasburias fsshngaj tb tma prbiass.


00>





^brehgn whtm sarvhia bwgars fgj btmar prbiass cfgfnars tb agsura tma scbbtm rugghgn bo sarvhias.



Cbghtbrhgn fgj rapbrgn bg prbiass parobrcfgia.



Hjagoyhgn hcprbvacagt bppbrtughas obr hgikushbg hg tma IYH ranhstar.



^brehgn whtm tma IYH cfgfnar fgj prbiass bwgar tb ravhaw fgj prhbrhza hcprbvacagts hg tma IYH ranhstar.



Cfehgn hcprbvacagts tb tma prbiass hcpkacagtfbg.


00=



Yarvhia Jashng Zbbks Yarvhia J ashng Zbbks Zmara fra cfgy tbbks tmft cfy à usaj tb fsshst whtm tma jashng bo sarvhias. Zmasa tbbks fgj taimghquas makp hg4 

Mfrjwfra Jashng



Ybwfra Jashng



Agvhrbgcagtfk Jashng



\rbiass Jashng



Jftf Jashng


008



Yuccfry



Yarvhia Jashng Bvarvhaw



: \s bo Yarvhia Jashng



_htfk @ushgass Ougibg



Yarvhia Jashng \fiefna



Ohva fspait bo Yarvhia Jashng



Fnraacagts, YKF Orfcawbres



\rbiassas



Pbkas ’ \rbiass Cfgfnar, \rbiass Bwgar fgj \rfibgar



Yarvhia Jashng Zbbks


09<



Fssasscagt


096



6.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn wbukj ibccbgky à hg f ibgtrfit ugjarphgghgn fg HZ sarvhia2 6. Cfreat Hgobrcfbg 0. Ibgtrfit jasirhpbg fgj sibpa 9. Paspbgsh`hkhas fgj japagjagihas. f. 6 fgj 0 bgky `. 6 fgj 9 bgky i. 0 fgj 9 bgky j. Gbga bo tma f`bva.

0.

Fvfhkf`hkhty Cfgfnacagt hs jhraitky raspbgsh`ka obr tma fvfhkf`hkhty bo wmhim bo tma obkkbwhgn4 f. HZ sarvhias fgj ibcpbgagts `. HZ sarvhias fgj @ushgass \rbiassas. i. Ibcpbgagts fgj @ushgass \rbiassas. j. HZ sarvhias, Ibcpbgagts fgj @ushgass \rbiassas.

9.

Yarvhia Jashng acpmfshzas tma hcpbrtfgia bo Obur \s, wmhim bo tma obkkbwhgn hs f ibrrait khst bo tmasa Obur \s2 f. \abpka, \ariapbgs, \rbjuits fgj \frtgars `. \abpka, \arspaivas, \rbjuits fgj \frtgars i. \abpka, \brbkhb, \rbjuits fgj \frtgars j. \abpka, \rbiassas, \rbjuits fgj \frtgars

:.

^mhim prbiass hs raspbgsh`ka obr jhsiusshgn rapbrts whtm iustbcars smbwhgn wmatmar sarvhias mfva cat tmahr tfrnats2 f. Ibggufk Yarvhia Hcprbvacagt `. @ushgass Pakfbgsmhp Cfgfnacagt i. Yarvhia Kavak Cfgfnacagt j. Fvfhkf`hkhty Cfgfnacagt.


090



1.

^mhim prbiass hs raspbgsh`ka obr cfgfnhgn rakfbgsmhps whtm vagjbrs2 f. Imfgna Cfgfnacagt `. Yarvhia \brbkhb Cfgfnacagt. i. Yuppkhar Cfgfnacagt j. Ibggufk Yarvhia Hcprbvacagt

?.

^mhim prbiass ibgtfhgs tma @ushgass, Yarvhia fgj Ibcpbgagt su`-prbiassas2 f. Ifpfihty Cfgfnacagt `. Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt i. Yarvhia Kavak Cfgfnacagt. j. Ohgfgihfk Cfgfnacagt.

>.

^mft fra tma tmraa Yarvhia \rbvhjar Cbjaks2 f. Hgtargfk Yarvhia \rbvhjar, Hgtargfk Yarvhia Bparfbgs \rbvhjar, Axtargfk Yarvhia \rbvhjar

`. Hgtargfk Yarvhia \rbvhjar, Ymfraj Yarvhia Qght, Axtargfk Yarvhia \rbvhjar i. Hg-sburiaj Yarvhia \rbvhjar, Ymfraj Yarvhia \rbvhjar, Axtargfk Yarvhia \rbvhjar j. Hgtargfk Yarvhia \rbvhjar, Butsburiaj tmhrj pfrty, Axtargfk Yarvhia \rbvhjar

=.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn jbas gbt prbvhja nuhjfgia bg wmft gaajs tb à prbtaitaj `y Hgobrcfbg Yaiurhty Cfgfnacagt2 f. HZ Cfgfnacagt `. Yarvhia Jase Cfgfnar i. @ushgass Cfgfnacagt. j. Zma Imfgna Cfgfnar


099



8.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn hs f vfkhj typa bo Yarvhia Kavak Fnraacagt2 f. \rhbrhty `fsaj YKF `. Zaimgbkbny `fsaj YKF i. Kbifbg `fsaj YKF j. Iustbcar `fsaj YKF

6<. Zma cfhg nbfk bo Fvfhkf`hkhty Cfgfnacagt hs 2 f. Zb cbghtbr fgj rapbrt fvfhkf`hkhty bo sarvhias fgj ibcpbgagts. `. Zb agsura tmft fkk tfrnats hg YKFs fra cat. i. Zb nufrfgtaa fvfhkf`hkhty kavaks obr sarvhias fgj ibcpbgagts. j. Zb agsura tmft sarvhia fvfhkf`hkhty cftimas br axiaajs tma fnraaj gaajs bo tma ùshgass. 66. ^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn stftacagt f`but Yuppkhar Cfgfnacagt fra HGIBPPAIZ2 f. Yuppkhar Cfgfnacagt ganbftas Bparfbgfk Kavak fnraacagts whtm hgtargfk nrbups tb suppbrt tma jakhvary bo sarvhias. `. Yuppkhar Cfgfnacagt agsuras tmft suppkhars caat ùshgass axpaitfbgs. i. Yuppkhar Cfgfnacagt cfhgtfhgs hgobrcfbg hg f Yuppkhar fgj Ibgtrfit jftf`fsa. j. Yuppkhar Cfgfnacagt ganbftas Axtargfk fnraacagts tb suppbrt tma jakhvary bo sarvhias 60. ^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn fra tma ùshgass raquhracagts obr HZ Fvfhkf`hkhty2 (ie 9 ibrrait bo tma obur àkbw) f. Paquhraj sarvhia mburs, h.a. wmag tma sarvhia hs tb à prbvhjaj. `. Fg fssasscagt bo rakfva hcpbrtfgia bo jharagt wbrehgn parhbjs i. \brbkhb Cfgfnacagt \rfiias bo tma ùshgass. j. Ibgjhbgs ugjar wmhim tma ùshgass ibgshjar tma HZ sarvhia ugfvfhkf`ka.


09:



69. Yarvhiaf`hkhty hs fg akacagt bo Fvfhkf`hkhty Cfgfnacagt. Mbw hs ht àst jagaj2 f. \ravagbg bo ofhkura. `. Zma f`hkhty tb rastbra sarvhias br ibcpbgagts `fie tb gbrcfk bparfbg. i. Zma pariagtfna bo fnraaj sarvhia mburs obr wmhim tma sarvhia hs fvfhkf`ka. j. Zma suppbrt wmhim axtargfk suppkhars ifg à ibgtrfitaj tb prbvhja obr pfrts bo tma HZ hgorfstruitura. 6:. Nhvag tma obkkbwhgn obrcukf4 Fvfhkf`hkhty pariagtfna 3 ((h-hh)/hhh)*6<<, ^mft smbukj à kkaj hg obr h, hh fgj hhh2 f. h Pakhf`hkhty

hh Jurfbg bo ofukt

hhh Fnraaj Yarvhia ca

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hhh Pashkhagia

i. h Cfhgtfhgf`hkhty

hh Pashkhagia

hhh Pashkhagia

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hh Pashkhagia

hhh Cfhgtfhgf`hkhty

a. h Fnraaj Yarvhia ca


hhh Fnraaj Yarvhia ca


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Kafrghgn B`daivas

Far tma ibcpkabg bo tmhs cbjuka pfrihpfgts whkk à f`ka tb4 

Qgjarstfgj mbw Yarvhia Zrfgshbg ibgtrhùtas tb tma Yarvhia Khoaiyika.



Jaga fgj axpkfhg eay ibgiapts hg Yarvhia Zrfgshbg.



Qgjarstfgj fgj fiibugt obr tma eay prhgihpkas fgj cbjaks bo Yarvhia Zrfgshbg.



Axpkfhg tma b`daivas, sibpa, `fshi ibgiapts, fgj fivhas bo 4 •



Imfgna Cfgfnacagt \rbiass.

Axpkfhg tma b`daivas fgj sibpa bo tma obkkbwhgn prbiassas4 •

Pakafsa fgj Japkbycagt Cfgfnacagt

•

Egbwkajna Cfgfnacagt

•

Yarvhia Fssat fgj Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt

•

Zrfgshbg \kfgghgn fgj Yuppbrt


09=



Bpchzhgn YarvhiaZrfgshbg Zma sarvhia trfgshbg khoaiyika stfna fgj rakafsa pkfgs gaaj tb à fkhngaj whtm tma ùshgass, sarvhia cfgfnacagt fgj HZ strftanhas fgj pkfgs. Zyphifk catrhis tmft ifg à usaj hg cafsurhgn tmhs fkhngcagt fra4 

Hgirafsaj pariagtfna bo sarvhia trfgshbg pkfgs tmft fra fkhngaj whtm tma ùshgass, HZ, sarvhia cfgfnacagt strftanhas fgj pkfgs.



\ariagtfna bo iustbcar fgj stfeambkjar brnfghzfbgs br ughts tmft mfva f ikafr ugjarstfgjhgn bo tma sarvhia trfgshbg prfiia fgj hts ifpf`hkhas.



\ariagtfna bo sarvhia khoaiyika ùjnat fkkbiftaj tb sarvhia trfgshbg fivhas.

Bpchzhgn Yarvhia Zrfgshbg4 Hg brjar tb à aaiva fgj aihagt, sarvhia trfgshbg cust obius bg jakhvarhgn wmft tma ùshgass raquhras fs f prhbrhty fgj jbhgn sb whtmhg gfgihfk fgj btmar rasburia ibgstrfhgts. Zma sarvhia trfgshbg khoaiyika stfna fgj rakafsa pkfgs gaaj tb à fkhngaj whtm tma ùshgass, sarvhia cfgfnacagt fgj HZ strftanhas fgj pkfgs. Zyphifk catrhis tmft ifg à usaj hg cafsurhgn tmhs fkhngcagt fra4 

Hgirafsaj pariagtfna bo sarvhia trfgshbg pkfgs tmft fra fkhngaj whtm tma ùshgass, HZ, sarvhia cfgfnacagt strftanhas fgj pkfgs.



\ariagtfna bo iustbcar fgj stfeambkjar brnfghzfbgs br ughts tmft mfva f ikafr ugjarstfgjhgn bo tma sarvhia trfgshbg prfiia fgj hts ifpf`hkhas.



\ariagtfna bo sarvhia khoaiyika ùjnat fkkbiftaj tb sarvhia trfgshbg fivhas.


098





Vufkhty rfgn bo tma pkfgs hgikujhgn fjmaragia tb f struituraj fpprbfim, ibcpkhfgia whtm tma pkfg tacpkftas fgj ibcpkatagass bo tma pkfgs.



\ariagtfna bo pkfgghgn caagns wmara stfeambkjars mfva pfrihpftaj.



\ariagtfna bo sarvhia trfgshbg pkfgs tmft fra fkhngaj whtm tma sarvhia trfgshbg pbkhihas.



\ariagtfna bo strftanhi fgj tfiifk prbdaits tmft fjbpt tma sarvhia trfgshbg sarvhia prfiias.



\ariagtfna bo rakafsa pkfgghgn jbiucagts tmft fra qufkhty fssuraj `y stf wbrehgn hg sarvhia trfgshbg rbkas.


0:<



Zrfgshbg pkfgghgn fgj Yuppbrt \rbiass \urpbsa Zma purpbsa bo tma trfgshbg pkfgghgn fgj suppbrt prbiass hs tb prbvhja bvarfkk pkfgghgn obr sarvhia trfgshbgs fgj tb ibbrjhgfta tma rasburias tmft tmay raquhra.

B`daivas 

\kfg fgj ibbrjhgfta tma rasburias tb agsura tmft tma raquhracagts bo sarvhia strftany agibjaj hg sarvhia jashng fra aaivaky rafkhzaj hg sarvhia bparfbg.



Ibbrjhgfta fivhas firbss prbdaits, suppkhars fgj sarvhia tafcs wmara raquhraj.



Astf`khsm gaw br imfgnaj sarvhias hgtb suppbrtaj agvhrbgcagts whtmhg tma prajhitaj ibst, qufkhty fgj ca ascftas.

Zrfgshbg pkfgghgn f gj Yuppbrt \rbiass \urpbsa4 Zma purpbsa bo tma trfgshbg pkfgghgn fgj suppbrt prbiass hs tb prbvhja bvarfkk

pkfgghgn obr sarvhia trfgshbgs fgj tb ibbrjhgfta tma rasburias tmft tmay raquhra. B`daivas4 

\kfg fgj ibbrjhgfta tma rasburias tb agsura tmft tma raquhracagts bo sarvhia strftany agibjaj hg sarvhia jashng fra aaivaky rafkhzaj hg sarvhia bparfbg.



Ibbrjhgfta fivhas firbss prbdaits, suppkhars fgj sarvhia tafcs wmara raquhraj.



Astf`khsm gaw br imfgnaj sarvhias hgtb suppbrtaj agvhrbgcagts whtmhg tma prajhitaj ibst, qufkhty fgj ca ascftas.


0:6





Astf`khsm gaw br cbjhaj cfgfnacagt hgobrcfbg systacs fgj tbbks, taimgbkbny fgj cfgfnacagt frimhtaituras, sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas, fgj cafsuracagt catmbjs fgj catrhis tb caat raquhracagts astf`khsmaj jurhgn tma sarvhia jashng stfna bo tma khoaiyika.



Agsura tmft fkk pfras fjbpt tma ibccbg orfcawbre bo stfgjfrj ra-usf`ka prbiassas fgj suppbrgn systacs hg brjar tb hcprbva tma aaivagass fgj aihagiy bo tma hgtanrftaj pkfgghgn fgj ibbrjhgfbg fivhas.



\rbvhja ikafr fgj ibcpramagshva pkfgs tmft agf`ka iustbcar fgj ùshgass imfgna prbdaits tb fkhng tmahr fivhas whtm tma sarvhia trfgshbg pkfgs.



Hjagoy, cfgfna fgj ibgtrbk rhses, tb chghchza tma imfgia bo ofhkura fgj jhsrupbg firbss trfgshbg fivhas5 fgj agsura tmft sarvhia trfgshbg hssuas, rhses fgj javhfbgs fra rapbrtaj tb tma fpprbprhfta stfeambkjars fgj jaihshbg cfears.



Cbghtbr fgj hcprbva tma parobrcfgia bo tma sarvhia trfgshbg khoaiyika stfna.


0:0



Zrfgshbg pkfgghgn fgj Yuppbrt \rbiass Yibpa 

Cfhgtfhghgn pbkhihas, stfgjfrjs fgj cbjaks obr sarvhia trfgshbg fivhas fgj prbiassas.



Nuhjhgn afim cfdbr imfgna br gaw sarvhia tmrbunm fkk tma sarvhia trfgshbg prbiassas.



Ibbrjhgfgn tma abrts gaajaj tb agf`ka cukpka trfgshbgs tb à cfgfnaj ft tma sfca ca.



\rhbrhzhgn rasburias.

ibghign

raquhracagts

obr

sarvhia

trfgshbg

Zrfgshbg pkfgghgn f gj Yuppbrt \rbiass Yibpa4 Zma sibpa bo trfgshbg pkfgghgn fgj suppbrt hgikujas4 

Cfhgtfhghgn pbkhihas, stfgjfrjs fgj cbjaks obr sarvhia trfgshbg fivhas fgj prbiassas.



Nuhjhgn afim cfdbr imfgna br gaw sarvhia tmrbunm fkk tma sarvhia trfgshbg prbiassas.





Ibbrjhgfgn sfca ca. tma abrts gaajaj tb agf`ka cukpka trfgshbgs tb à cfgfnaj ft tma \rhbrhzhgn ibghign raquhracagts obr sarvhia trfgshbg rasburias.


0:9





\kfgghgn tma ùjnat fgj rasburias gaajaj tb oukk outura raquhracagts obr sarvhia trfgshbg.



Pavhawhgn fgj hcprbvhgn tma parobrcfgia bo trfgshbg pkfgghgn fgj suppbrt fivhas.



Agsurhgn tmft sarvhia trfgshbg hs ibbrjhgftaj whtm prbnrfcca fgj prbdait cfgfnacagt, sarvhia jashng fgj sarvhia javakbpcagt fivhas.

Zrfgshbg pkfgghgn fgj suppbrt hs gbt raspbgsh`ka obr jatfhkaj pkfgghgn bo tma ùhkj, tast fgj japkbycagt bo hgjhvhjufk imfgnas br rakafsas5 tmasa fivhas fra ifrrhaj but fs pfrt bo imfgna cfgfnacagt fgj rakafsa fgj japkbycagt cfgfnacagt.


0::



Imfgna Cfgfnacagt \rbiass \urpbsa Zma purpbsa bo tma imfgna cfgfnacagt prbiass hs tb ibgtrbk tma khoaiyika bo fkk imfgnas, agf`khgn àgaihfk imfgnas tb à cfja whtm chghcuc jhsrupbg tb HZ sarvhias.

B`daithva Paspbgj tb tmaiustbcar‘s imfgnhgn ùshgassraquhracagts

Paspbgj tb tma ùshgass fgj HZ raquasts obr imfgna tmft whkk fkhng tma sarvhias whtm tma ùshgass gaajs. Agsura tmft imfgnas fra raibrjaj fgj avfkuftaj fgj tmft futmbrhzaj imfgnas hcpkacagtaj, jbiucagtaj fgj ravhawaj fra hg f pkfggaj, ibgtrbkkajtastaj, cfggar.

Imfgna Cfgfnacagt \rbiass \urpbsa4 Zma purpbsa bo tma imfgna cfgfnacagt prbiass hs tb ibgtrbk tma khoaiyika bo fkk

imfgnas, agf`khgn àgaihfk imfgnas tb à cfja whtm chghcuc jhsrupbg tb HZ sarvhias. B`daivas4 

Paspbgj tb tma iustbcar‘s imfgnhgn ùshgass raquhracagts wmhka cfxhchzhgn vfkua fgj rajuihgn hgihjagts, jhsrupbg fgj ra-wbre.



Paspbgj tb tma ùshgass fgj HZ raquasts obr imfgna tmft whkk fkhng tma sarvhias whtm tma ùshgass gaajs.


0:1





Agsura tmft imfgnas fra raibrjaj fgj avfkuftaj, fgj tmft futmbrhzaj imfgnas fra prhbrhzaj, pkfggaj, tastaj, hcpkacagtaj, jbiucagtaj fgj ravhawaj hg f ibgtrbkkaj cfggar.



Agsura tmft fkk imfgnas tb ibgnurfbg htacs fra raibrjaj hg tma ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt systac.



Bpchza bvarfkk ùshgass rhse ’ ht hs bag ibrrait tb chghchza ùshgass rhse, ùt sbcacas ht hs fpprbprhfta tb egbwhgnky fiiapt f rhse àifusa bo tma pbtagfk àgat.


0:?



Imfgna Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Yibpa 

Zma sibpa smbukj hgikuja imfgnas tb fkk frimhtaituras, prbiassas, tbbks, catrhis fgj jbiucagtfbg, fs wakk fs imfgnas tb HZ sarvhias fgj btmar ibgnurfbg htacs.



Fkk imfgnas cust à raibrjaj fgj cfgfnaj hg f ibgtrbkkaj wfy.



Ht ibvars fkk imfgnas tb fgy bo tma va fspaits bo sarvhia jashng.

Imfgna Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Yibpa4 Imfgna ifg à jagaj hg cfgy wfys. Zma HZHK jaghbg bo f imfgna hs ”tma fjjhbg,

cbjhifbg br racbvfk bo fgytmhgn tmft ibukj mfva fg aait bg HZ sarvhias‘. Zma sibpa smbukj hgikuja imfgnas tb fkk frimhtaituras, prbiassas, tbbks, catrhis fgj jbiucagtfbg, fs wakk fs imfgnas tb HZ sarvhias fgj btmar ibgnurfbg htacs. Fkk imfgnas cust à raibrjaj fgj cfgfnaj hg f ibgtrbkkaj wfy.Zma sibpa bo imfgna cfgfnacagt ibvars imfgnas tb fkk ibgnurfbg htacs firbss tma wmbka sarvhia khoaiyika, wmatmar tmasa IHs fra pmyshifk fssats suim fs sarvars br gatwbres, vhrtufk fssats suim fs vhrtufk sarvars br vhrtufk stbrfna, br btmar typas bo fssat suim fs fnraacagts br ibgtrfits. Ht

fksb ibvars fkk imfgnas tb fgy bo tma va fspaits bo sarvhia jashng4 

Yarvhia sbkubgs obr gaw br imfgnaj sarvhias, hgikujhgn fkk bo tma ougibgfk raquhracagts, rasburias fgj ifpf`hkhas gaajaj fgj fnraaj


0:>





Cfgfnacagt hgobrcfbg systacs fgj tbbks, aspaihfkky tma sarvhia pbrbkhb, obr tma cfgfnacagt fgj ibgtrbk bo sarvhias tmrbunm tmahr khoaiyika.



Zaimgbkbny frimhtaituras tma sarvhias .



\rbiassas gaajaj tb jashng, trfgshbg, bparfta fgj hcprbva tma sarvhias.



Cafsuracagt systacs, catmbjs fgj catrhis obr tma sarvhias, tma frimhtaituras, tmahr ibgstuagt ibcpbgagts fgj tma prbiassas.

fgj

cfgfnacagt


0:=

frimhtaituras

raquhraj

tb

prbvhja



Yibpa bo Imfgna Cfgfnacagt fgj Pakafsa & Japkbycagt Cfgfnacagt @ u s h g as s Ytrftanhi imfgna

Cfgfna tma ùshgass

Zfiifk imfgna

Cfgfna tma ùshgass prbiassas

Y ar v h i ap r b v h j ar Cfgfna HZ sarvhias

Yup pkh ar Cfgfna tma suppkhar‘s ùshgass

Yarvhia pbrbkhb

Cfgfna axtargfk sarvhias

Yarvhia bparfbgs

Axtargfk bparfbgs

Yarvhia imfgna

Bparfbgfk imfgna

Cfgfna ùshgass bparfbgs

Yibpa bo Imfgna Cfgfnacagt fgj Pakafsa & Japkbycagt Cfgfnacagt Afim brnfghzfbg smbukj jaga tma imfgnas tmft kha butshja tma sibpa bo hts imfgna cfgfnacagt prbiass. Zyphifkky tmasa chnmt hgikuja4 

Imfgnas whtm shnghifgtky whjar hcpfits tmfg sarvhia imfgnas, a.n. japfrtcagtfk brnfghzfbg, pbkhihas fgj ùshgass bparfbgs ’ tmasa imfgnas wbukj prbjuia POIs tb nagarfta ibgsaquagfk sarvhia imfgnas.



Imfgnas ft fg bparfbgfk kavak suim fs rapfhr tb prhgtars br btmar rbuga sarvhia ibcpbgagts.

Ohnura f`bva smbws tma typhifk sibpa bo f imfgna cfgfnacagt prbiass obr fg HZ brnfghzfbg fgj mbw ht hgtarofias whtm tma ùshgass fgj suppkhars ft strftanhi, tfiifk fgj bparfbgfk


0:8



kavaks. Ht ibvars hgtarofias tb hgtargfk fgj axtargfk sarvhia prbvhjars wmara tmara fra smfraj fssats fgj ibgnurfbg htacs tmft gaaj tb à ugjar imfgna cfgfnacagt. Imfgna cfgfnacagt cust hgtarofia whtm ùshgass imfgna cfgfnacagt fgj whtm tma suppkhar‘s imfgna cfgfnacagt (tb tma rhnmt hg tma nura). Zmhs cfy à fg axtargfk suppkhar whtmhg f obrcfk imfgna cfgfnacagt systac, br tma prbdait imfgna caimfghscs whtmhg fg hgtargfk javakbpcagt prbdait. Zma sarvhia pbrbkhb prbvhjas f ikafr jaghbg fkk iurragt, pkfggaj fgj raraj sarvhias. Qgjarstfgjhgn tma sarvhia pbrbkhb makps fkk pfras hgvbkvaj hg tma sarvhia trfgshbg tb ugjarstfgj tma pbtagfk hcpfit bo tma gaw br imfgnaj sarvhia bg iurragt sarvhias fgj btmar gaw br imfgnaj sarvhias. Ytrftanhi imfgnas fra `rbunmt hg vhf sarvhia strftany fgj tma sarvhia pbrbkhb cfgfnacagt prbiass hg tma obrc bo imfgna prbpbsfks. Imfgnas tb f sarvhia whkk à `rbunmt hg vhf sarvhia jashng, ibggufk sarvhia hcprbvacagt, sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt fgj sarvhia iftfkbnua cfgfnacagt. Ibrraiva imfgna, rasbkvhgn arrbrs jataitaj hg sarvhias, whkk à hghftaj orbc sarvhia bparfbg fgj cfy rbuta vhf suppbrt br axtargfk suppkhars hgtb f obrcfk POI. Imfgna cfgfnacagt hs gbt raspbgsh`ka obr ibbrjhgfgn fkk bo tma sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas tb agsura tma scbbtm hcpkacagtfbg bo prbdaits. Zmhs fivhty hs ifrrhaj but `y trfgshbg pkfgghgn fgj suppbrt.


01<



Imfgna Cfgfnacagt \rbiass _fkua tb @ushgass Yarvhia fgj hgorfstruitura imfgnas fg mfva f ganfva hcpfit bg tma ùshgass tmrbunm sarvhia jhsrupbg fgj jakfy hg hjagoyhgn ùshgass raquhracagts, ùt imfgna cfgfnacagt agf`kas tma sarvhia prbvhjar tb fjj vfkua tb tma ùshgass `y4 

\rbtaign tma ùshgass, fgj btmar sarvhias, wmhka cfehgn raquhraj imfgnas.



Hcpkacaggn imfgnas tmft caat tma iustbcars‘ fnraaj sarvhia raquhracagts wmhka bpchzhgn Ibsts.



Ibgtrhùgn tb caat nbvargfgia, kanfk, ibgtrfitufk fgj ranukftbry raquhracagts `y prbvhjhgn fujhtf`ka avhjagia bo imfgna cfgfnacagt fivhty.

Imfgna Cfgfnacagt \rbiass _fkua tb ùshgass4 Pakhf`hkhty fgj ùshgass ibgguhty fra assagfk obr tma suiiass fgj

survhvfk bo fgy brnfghzfbg. Yarvhia fgj hgorfstruitura imfgnas fg mfva f ganfva hcpfit bg tma ùshgass tmrbunm sarvhia jhsrupbg fgj jakfy hg hjagoyhgn ùshgass raquhracagts, ùt imfgna cfgfnacagt agf`kas tma sarvhia prbvhjar tb fjj vfkua tb tma ùshgass `y4 

\rbtaign tma ùshgass, fgj btmar sarvhias, wmhka cfehgn raquhraj imfgnas.

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Hcpkacaggn imfgnas tmft caat tma iustbcars‘ fnraaj sarvhia raquhracagts wmhka bpchzhgn Ibsts.


016





Ibgtrhùgn tb caat nbvargfgia, kanfk, ibgtrfitufk fgj ranukftbry raquhracagts `y prbvhjhgn fujhtf`ka avhjagia bo imfgna cfgfnacagt fivhty. Zmhs hgikujas àar fkhngcagt whtm HYB/HAI 0<<<<, HYB/HAI 9=1<< fgj IB@HZ wmara tmasa mfva àag fjbptaj.

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Pajuihgn ofhkaj imfgnas fgj tmaraobra sarvhia jhsrupbg, jaoaits fgj ra-wbre.



Pajuihgn tma gucàr bo ugfutmbrhzaj imfgnas, kafjhgn tb rajuiaj sarvhia jhsrupbg fgj rajuiaj ca tb rasbkva imfgna-rakftaj hgihjagts.



Jakhvarhgn imfgna prbcptky tb caat ùshgass casifkas.

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Zrfiehgn imfgnas tmrbunm tma sarvhia khoaiyika fgj tb tma fssats bo hts iustbcars.

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Ibgtrhùgn tb àar ascftas bo tma qufkhty, ca fgj ibst bo imfgna.

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Fssasshgn tma rhses fssbihftaj whtm tma trfgshbg bo sarvhias (hgtrbjuibg br jhspbsfk).



Hcprbvhgn prbjuivhty bo stf `y chghchzhgn jhsrupbgs ifusaj `y mhnm kavaks bo ugpkfggaj br ”acarnagiy‘ imfgna fgj magia cfxhchzhgn sarvhia fvfhkf`hkhty.



Pajuihgn tma cafg ca tb rastbra sarvhia (CZPY), vhf quhiear fgj cbra suiiassouk hcpkacagtfbgs bo ibrraiva imfgnas.



Khfhshgn whtm tma ùshgass imfgna prbiass tb hjagoy bppbrtughas obr ùshgass hcprbvacagt.

Axfcpka bo HZ sarvhia-hghftaj ùshgass imfgna4 Hg tma ratfhk hgjustry, `fr-ibjhgn bo nbbjs

ibupkaj whtm `fr-ibja rafjars ft tma imaiebut wfs hghfkky hgtrbjuiaj tb jakhvar sfvhgns `y racbvhgn tma gaaj tb kfàk avary htac, futbcfgn stbie ibgtrbk, spaajhgn iustbcar tmrbunmput fgj rajuihgn imaiebut stf. Yunnasbgs orbc HZ tb tma ùshgass rasuktaj hg cfehgn usa bo tmhs ofihkhty tb pbwar hggbvfva ibgiapts suim fs ”ùy bga nat bga oraa‘ fgj ifpturhgn jftf bg afim hgjhvhjufk‘s purimfshgn mf`hts. Zma rakhfgia bg HZ sarvhias fgj ugjarkyhgn hgobrcfbg taimgbkbny hs gbw sb ibcpkax tmft ibgshjarf`ka ca ifg à spagt bg4 

Fssasshgn tma hcpfit bo ùshgass imfgna bg HZ.



Fgfkyshgn tma hcpfit bo f sarvhia br HZ imfgna bg tma ùshgass.


010



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Gboyhgn faitaj pfras (bo wmft hs prbpbsaj, pkfggaj fgj hcpkacagtaj).

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Paibrjhgn fgj cfhgtfhghgn fiiurfta imfgna, ibgnurfbg, fgj rakafsa fgj japkbycagt raibrjs.

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Cfgfnhgn fgj rasbkvhgn hgihjagts ifusaj `y imfgna.

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Hjagoyhgn tma prb`kacs tmft ibggufkky frhsa wmhim raquhra cbra imfgna.

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Hgtrbjuihgn gaw hjafs fgj taimgbkbny tmft ifusa avag cbra imfgna.

Zmara fra tmaraobra ibgshjarf`ka ibst sfvhgns fgj aihagihas tb à nfhgaj orbc wakkstruituraj fgj pkfggaj imfgnas fgj rakafsas. Fs tmara hs sb cuim obius tbjfy bg agtarprhsa rhse cfgfnacagt, imfgna cfgfnacagt hs f eay prbiass tmft ibcas ugjar tma sirugy bo fujhtbrs.


019



Imfgna Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Imfgna Cfgfnacagt \bkhihas Hgirafshgn tma suiiass rfta bo imfgnas fgj rakafsas raquhras axaiuva suppbrt obr hcpkacaggn f iuktura tmft sats stfeambkjar axpaitfbgs f`but imfgnas fgj rakafsas fgj rajuias ugpkfggaj wbre. \bkhihas tmft suppbrt imfgna cfgfnacagt hgikuja4 

Irafgn f iuktura bo imfgna cfgfnacagt firbss tma brnfghzfbg wmara tmara hs zarb tbkarfgia obr ugfutmbrhzaj imfgna.

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Fkhnghgn tma imfgna cfgfnacagt prbiass whtm ùshgass, prbdait fgj stfeambkjar imfgna cfgfnacagt prbiassas.

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Agsurhgn tmft imfgnas irafta ùshgass vfkua fgj tmft tma àgats obr tma ùshgass iraftaj `y afim imfgna fra cafsuraj fgj rapbrtaj \rhbrhzfbg bo imfgna. a.n. hggbvfbgvarsuspravagvavarsusjataivavarsusibrraivaimfgna.

Imfgna Cfgfnacagt \rbiass \bkhihas4 Hgirafshgn tma suiiass rfta bo imfgnas fgj rakafsas raquhras axaiuva suppbrt obr

hcpkacaggn f iuktura tmft sats stfeambkjar axpaitfbgs f`but imfgnas fgj rakafsas fgj rajuias ugpkfggaj wbre. \rassura whkk à fppkhaj tb rajuia casifkas fgj caat jafjkhgas5 tb iut ùjnats fgj bparfgn ibsts5 fgj tb ibcprbchsa tasgn. Zmhs cust gbt à jbga whtmbut jua jhkhnagia tb nbvargfgia fgj rhse. Zma sarvhia trfgshbg cfgfnacagt tafc whkk à ifkkaj bg orbc ca tb ca tb cfea f ”gb nb‘ jaihshbg fgj gbt hcpkacagt f raquhraj imfgna. Zmara cust à pbkhihas fgj stfgjfrjs jagaj wmhim cfea ht ikafr tb tma hgtargfk fgj axtargfk prbvhjars wmft cust à jbga fgj wmft tma ibgsaquagias bo gbg-fjmaragia tb pbkhiy whkk à.


01:



\bkhihas tmft suppbrt imfgna cfgfnacagt hgikuja4 

Irafgn f iuktura bo imfgna cfgfnacagt firbss tma brnfghzfbg wmara tmara hs zarb tbkarfgia obr ugfutmbrhzaj imfgna.

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Fkhnghgn tma imfgna cfgfnacagt prbiass whtm ùshgass, prbdait fgj stfeambkjar imfgna cfgfnacagt prbiassas.

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Agsurhgn tmft imfgnas irafta ùshgass vfkua fgj tmft tma àgats obr tma ùshgass iraftaj `y afim imfgna fra cafsuraj fgj rapbrtaj \rhbrhzfbg bo imfgna, a.n. hggbvfbg varsus pravagva varsus jataiva varsus ibrraiva imfgna.

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Astf`khsmhgn fiibugtf`hkhty fgj raspbgsh`hkhas obr imfgnas tmrbunm tma sarvhia khoaiyika.

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Yanranfbg bo juty ibgtrbks.

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Astf`khsmhgn f shgnka obifk pbhgt obr imfgnas hg brjar tb chghchza tma kheakhmbbj bo ibghign imfgnas fgj pbtagfk jhsrupbg tb suppbrtaj agvhrbgcagts.

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\ravaggn pabpka wmb fra gbt futmbrhzaj tb cfea f imfgna orbc mfvhgn fiiass tb suppbrtaj agvhrbgcagts.

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Hgtanrfbg whtm btmar sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas tb astf`khsm trfiaf`hkhty bo imfgna, jatait ugfutmbrhzaj imfgna fgj hjagoy imfgna-rakftaj hgihjagts.

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Imfgna whgjbws ’ agobriacagt fgj futmbrhzfbg obr axiapbgs.

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\arobrcfgia fgj rhse avfkufbg bo fkk imfgnas tmft hcpfit sarvhia ifpf`hkhty.

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\arobrcfgia cafsuras obr tma prbiass, a.n. aihagiy fgj aaivagass.


011



Imfgna Cfgfnacagt - Nagarhi Ibgiapts fgj Jaghbgs Jaohghthbg bo Yarvhia Imfgna Zma fjjhbg, cbjhifbg br racbvfk bo fgytmhgn tmft ibukj mfva fg aait bg HZ sarvhias. Zma sibpa smbukj hgikuja imfgnas tb fkk frimhtaituras, prbiassas, tbbks, catrhis fgj jbiucagtfbg, fs wakk fs imfgnas tb HZ sarvhias fgj btmar ibgnurfbg htacs.


01?



Imfgna Cfgfnacagt - Nagarhi Ibgiapts fgj Jaghbgs

Zmara fra tmraa jharagt typas bo sarvhia imfgna4 Ytfgjfrj Imfgna4 

F pra-futmbrhzaj imfgna tmft hs kbw rhse, rakfvaky ibccbg fgj obkkbws f prbiajura br wbre hgstruibg.

Acarnagiy Imfgna4 

F imfgna tmft cust à hcpkacagtaj fs sbbg fs pbssh`ka, obr axfcpka tb rasbkva f cfdbr hgihjagt br hcpkacagt f saiurhty pftim.

Gbrcfk Imfgna4 

Fgy sarvhia imfgna tmft hs gbt f stfgjfrj imfgna br fg acarnagiy imfgna.

Imfgnas fra bag iftanbrhzaj fs Cfdbr, Yhnghifgt br chgbr, japagjhgn bg tma kavak bo ibst fgj rhse hgvbkvaj, fgj bg tma sibpa fgj rakfbgsmhp tb btmar imfgnas.

Imfgna Cfgfnacagt - Nagarhi Ibgiapts fgj Jaghbgs Imfgna raquast4 F imfgna raquast hs f obrcfk ibccughifbg saaehgn fg fktarfbg tb

bga br cbra ibgnurfbg htacs. Zmhs ibukj tfea savarfk obrcs, a.n. f ”raquast obr imfgna‘ jbiucagt, sarvhia jase ifkk br prbdait hghfbg jbiucagt. Jharagt typas bo imfgna cfy raquhra jharagt typas bo imfgna raquast. Obr axfcpka, f cfdbr imfgna cfy raquhra f imfgna prbpbsfk, wmhim hs usufkky iraftaj `y tma sarvhia pbrbkhb cfgfnacagt prbiass. Fg brnfghzfbg gaajs tb agsura tmft fpprbprhfta prbiajuras fgj obrcs fra fvfhkf`ka tb ibvar tma fgihpftaj raquasts. Fvbhjhgn f ùrafuirfi fpprbfim tb jbiucaggn f chgbr imfgna racbvas sbca bo tma iukturfk `frrhars tb fjbpgn tma imfgna cfgfnacagt prbiass. Zmara fra tmraa jharagt typas bo sarvhia imfgna4 

Ytfgjfrj imfgna F pra-futmbrhzaj imfgna tmft hs kbw rhse, rakfvaky ibccbg fgj obkkbws f prbiajura br wbre hgstruibg.


01>





Acarnagiy imfgna F imfgna tmft cust à hcpkacagtaj fs sbbg fs pbssh`ka, obr axfcpka tb rasbkva f cfdbr hgihjagt br hcpkacagt f saiurhty pftim.

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Gbrcfk imfgna Fgy sarvhia imfgna tmft hs gbt f stfgjfrj imfgna br fg

acarnagiy imfgna. Imfgnas fra bag iftanbrhzaj fs cfdbr, shnghifgt br chgbr, japagjhgn bg tma kavak bo ibst fgj rhse hgvbkvaj, fgj bg tma sibpa fgj rakfbgsmhp tb btmar imfgnas. Zmhs iftanbrhzfbg cfy à usaj tb hjagoy fg fpprbprhfta imfgna futmbrhty.


01=



Imfgna Cfgfnacagt - Nagarhi Ibgiapts fgj Jaghbgs

Paquast obr Imfgna (POI)4

F raquast obr imfgna ’ f obrcfk prbpbsfk br o f imfgna tb à cfja. Ht hgikujasjatfhks bo tma prbpbsaj imfgna, fgj cfy à raibrjaj bg pfpar br akaitrbghifkky. Zma tarc POI hs bag chsusaj tb cafg f imfgna raibrj, br tmaimfgna htsako.

Imfgna Paibrj4 F raibrj ibgtfhghgn tma jatfhks bo fimfgna. F imfgna raibrj hsiraftaj obr avary raquast obr imfgna tmft hs raiahvaj, avag tmbsa tmft fra su`saquagtky radaitaj. Imfgna raibrjs smbukj raoaragia tma ibgnurfbg htacs tmft fra faitaj `y tma imfgna.

Pacajhfbg \kfgghgn4 Fibgs tfeag tb raibvar far f ofhkaj imfgna br rakafsa. Pacajhfbg cfy hgikuja `fiebut, hgvbifbg bo sarvhia ibgguhty pkfgs, br btmar fibgs jashngaj tb agf`ka tma ùshgass prbiass tb ibggua.

Imfgna Cfgfnacagt - Nagarhi Ibgiapts fgj Jaghbgs POI4 F raquast obr imfgna ’ f obrcfk prbpbsfk obr f imfgna tb à cfja. Ht hgikujas jatfhks bo

tma prbpbsaj imfgna, fgj cfy à raibrjaj bg pfpar br akaitrbghifkky. Zma tarc POI hs bag chsusaj tb cafg f imfgna raibrj, br tma imfgna htsako. Imfgna raibrj 4 F raibrj ibgtfhghgn tma jatfhks bo f imfgna. Afim imfgna raibrj jbiucagts

tma khoaiyika bo f shgnka imfgna. F imfgna raibrj hs iraftaj obr avary raquast obr imfgna tmft hs raiahvaj, avag tmbsa tmft fra su`saquagtky radaitaj. Imfgna raibrjs smbukj raoaragia tma ibgnurfbg htacs tmft fra faitaj `y tma imfgna. Imfgna raibrjs cfy à stbraj hg tma ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt systac br aksawmara hg tma sarvhia egbwkajna cfgfnacagt systac. Pacajhfbg pkfgghgn4 Fibgs tfeag tb raibvar far f ofhkaj imfgna br rakafsa. Pacajhfbg

cfy hgikuja `fie-but, hgvbifbg bo sarvhia ibgguhty pkfgs, br btmar fibgs jashngaj tb agf`ka tma ùshgass prbiass tb ibggua. © Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

018



Gb imfgna smbukj à futmbrhzaj whtmbut mfvhgn axpkhihtky fjjrassaj tma quasbg bo wmft tb jb ho ht hs gbt suiiassouk. Hjafkky, tmara whkk à f `fie but pkfg, wmhim whkk rastbra tma brnfghzfbg tb hts hghfk stfta, bag tmrbunm tma rakbfjhgn bo f `fsakhgaj sat bo IHs, aspaihfkky sbwfra fgj jftf. Mbwavar, gbt fkk imfgnas fra ravarsh`ka, hg wmhim ifsa fg fktargfva fpprbfim tb racajhfbg hs raquhraj. Zmhs racajhfbg cfy raquhra f ravhshgn bo tma imfgna htsako hg tma avagt bo ofhkura, br cfy à sb savara tmft ht raquhras hgvbehgn tma brnfghzfbg‘s ùshgass ibgguhty pkfg. Bgky `y ibgshjarhgn wmft racajhfbg bpbgs fra fvfhkf`ka àobra hgsnfgn f imfgna, fgj `y astf`khsmhgn tmft tma racajhfbg hs vhf`ka (a.n. ht hs suiiassouk wmag tastaj), ifg tma rhse bo tma prbpbsaj imfgna à jatarchgaj fgj fpprbprhfta jaihshbgs tfeag. Imfgna hcpkacagtfbg pkfgs smbukj hgikuja chkastbgas fgj btmar trhnnars obr hcpkacagtfbg bo racajhfbg hg brjar tb agsura tmft tmara hs suihagt ca hg tma fnraaj imfgna whgjbw obr `fie-but br btmar racajhfbg wmag gaiassfry.


0?<



Imfgna Cfgfnacagt - Nagarhi Ibgiapts fgj Jaghbgs Imfgna \rbpbsfks Imfgna \rbpbsfks fra su`chaj tb imfgna cfgfnacagt àobra imfrtarhgn gawimfgnaj br sarvhia hg brjartb agsura tmft pbtagfk ibghits obr rasburias br btmar hssuas fra hjagaj. Cfdbr imfgnas tmft hgvbkva shnghifgt ibst, rhse br brnfghzfbgfk hcpfit whkk usufkky à hghftaj tmrbunm tma sarvhia pbrbkhb cfgfnacagt prbiass.

Zma imfgna prbpbsfk smbukj hgikuja4 

F mhnm-kavak jasirhpbg bo tma gaw, imfgnaj br raraj sarvhia, hgikujhgn ùshgass butibcas tb à suppbrtaj, fgj ukhty fgj wfrrfgty tb à prbvhjaj.

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F oukk ùshgass ifsa hgikujhgn rhses, hssuas fgj fktargfvas, fs wakk fs ùjnat fgj gfgihfk axpaitfbgs.



Fg butkhga simajuka obr jashng fgj hcpkacagtfbg bo tma imfgna.

Imfgna Cfgfnacagt - Nagarhi Ibgiapts fgj Jaghbgs Imfgna prbpbsfks4 Cfdbr imfgnas tmft hgvbkva shnghifgt ibst, rhse br brnfghzfbgfk hcpfit

whkk usufkky à hghftaj tmrbunm tma sarvhia pbrbkhb cfgfnacagt prbiass. @aobra tma gaw br imfgnaj sarvhia hs imfrtaraj ht hs hcpbrtfgt tmft tma imfgna hs ravhawaj obr hts pbtagfk hcpfit bg btmar sarvhias, bg smfraj rasburias, fgj bg tma imfgna simajuka. Imfgna prbpbsfks fra su`chaj tb imfgna cfgfnacagt àobra imfrtarhgn gaw br imfgnaj sarvhias hg brjar tb agsura tmft pbtagfk ibghits obr rasburias br btmar hssuas fra hjagaj. Futmbrhzfbg bo tma imfgna prbpbsfk jbas gbt futmbrhza hcpkacagtfbg bo tma imfgna ùt shcpky fkkbws tma sarvhia tb à imfrtaraj sb tmft sarvhia jashng fivhty ifg ibccagia. F imfgna prbpbsfk hs usaj tb ibccughifta f mhnm-kavak jasirhpbg bo tma imfgna. Zmhs imfgna prbpbsfk hs gbrcfkky iraftaj `y tma sarvhia pbrbkhb cfgfnacagt prbiass fgj hs pfssaj tb imfgna cfgfnacagt obr futmbrhzfbg. Hg sbca brnfghzfbgs, imfgna prbpbsfks cfy à iraftaj `y f prbnrfcca cfgfnacagt bia br `y hgjhvhjufk prbdaits. Zma imfgna prbpbsfk smbukj hgikuja4 © Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

0?6





F mhnm-kavak jasirhpbg bo tma gaw, imfgnaj br raraj sarvhia, hgikujhgn ùshgass butibcas tb à suppbrtaj, fgj ukhty fgj wfrrfgty tb à prbvhjaj.



F oukk ùshgass ifsa hgikujhgn rhses, hssuas fgj fktargfvas, fs wakk fs ùjnat fgj gfgihfk axpaitfbgs.



Fg butkhga simajuka obr jashng fgj hcpkacagtfbg bo tma imfgna.

Imfgna cfgfnacagt ravhaws tma imfgna prbpbsfk fgj tma iurragt imfgna simajuka, hjagas fgy pbtagfk ibghits br hssuas fgj raspbgjs tb tma imfgna prbpbsfk `y ahtmar futmbrhzhgn ht br jbiucaggn tma hssuas tmft gaaj tb à rasbkvaj. ^mag tma imfgna prbpbsfk hs futmbrhzaj, tma imfgna simajuka hs upjftaj tb hgikuja butkhga hcpkacagtfbg jftas obr tma prbpbsaj imfgna. Far tma gaw br imfgnaj sarvhia hs imfrtaraj, POIs whkk à usaj hg tma gbrcfk wfy tb raquast futmbrhzfbg obr spaihi imfgnas. Zmasa POIs whkk à fssbihftaj whtm tma imfgna prbpbsfk sb tmft imfgna cfgfnacagt mfs f vhaw bo tma bvarfkk strftanhi hgtagt fgj ifg prhbrhza fgj ravhaw tmasa POIs fpprbprhftaky.


0?0



Imfgna Cfgfnacagt - Nagarhi Ibgiapts fgj Jaghbgs Imfgna Cbjaks4 F imfgna cbjak hs f wfy bo prajaohghgn tma staps tmft smbukj à tfeag tb mfgjka f pfrthiukfr typa bo imfgna hg fg fnraaj wfy.

Zma imfgna cbjak hgikujas4

Ytaps tmft smbukj à tfeag tb mfgjka tma imfgna, hgikujhgn mfgjkhgn hssuas fgj ugaxpaitaj avagts.

Zma imrbgbkbnhifk brjar hg wmhim tmasa staps smbukj à tfeag, whtm fgy japagjagias br ib-prbiasshgn jagaj.

Paspbgsh`hkhas ’ wmb smbukj jb wmft.

Imfgna Cfgfnacagt - Nagarhi Ibgiapts fgj Jaghbgs Imfgna cbjaks fgj wbrebws4 Brnfghzfbgs whkk gj ht makpouk tb prajaga imfgna cbjaks ’ fgj fppky tmac tb fpprbprhfta imfgnas wmag tmay biiur. F imfgna cbjak hs f wfy bo prajaghgn tma staps tmft smbukj à tfeag tb mfgjka f pfriukfr typa bo imfgna hg fg fnraaj wfy. Yuppbrt tbbks ifg tmag à usaj tb cfgfna tma raquhraj prbiass. Zmhs whkk agsura tmft suim imfgnas fra mfgjkaj hg f prajagaj pftm fgj tb prajagaj casifkas. Imfgnas tmft raquhra spaihfkhzaj mfgjkhgn ibukj à traftaj hg tmhs wfy, suim fs4 

Acarnagiy imfgnas tmft cfy mfva jharagt futmbrhzfbg fgj cfy à jbiucagtaj ratrbspaivaky.



Imfgnas tb cfhgorfca sbwfra tmft cfy raquhra spaihi saquagias bo tasgn fgj Hcpkacagtfbg .


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

Hcpkacagtfbg bo saiurhty pftimas obr jasetbp bparfgn systacs tmft raquhra spaihi tasgn fgj nufrfgtaaj japkbycagt tb kfrna gucàrs bo tfrnats, sbca bo wmhim cfy gbt à bgkhga



Yarvhia raquasts tmft cfy à futmbrhzaj fgj hcpkacagtaj whtm gb ourtmar hgvbkvacagt orbc imfgna cfgfnacagt.

Zma imfgna cbjak hgikujas4 

Ytaps tmft smbukj à tfeag tb mfgjka tma imfgna, hgikujhgn mfgjkhgn hssuas fgj ugaxpaitaj avagts.



Zma imrbgbkbnhifk brjar hg wmhim tmasa staps smbukj à tfeag, whtm fgy japagjagias br ib-prbiasshgn jagaj.



Paspbgsh`hkhas ’ wmb smbukj jb wmft (hgikujhgn hjagifbg bo tmbsa imfgna futmbrhas wmb whkk futmbrhza tma imfgna fgj wmb whkk jaihja wmatmar obrcfk imfgna avfkufbg hs gaajaj).



Zhcasifkas fgj tmrasmbkjs obr ibcpkabg bo tma fibgs.



Asifkfbg prbiajuras ’ wmb smbukj à ibgtfitaj fgj wmag.

Zmasa cbjaks fra usufkky hgput tb tma imfgna cfgfnacagt suppbrt tbbks5 tma tbbks tmag futbcfta tma mfgjkhgn, cfgfnacagt, rapbrgn fgj asifkfbg bo tma prbiass.


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Imfgna Cfgfnacagt - Nagarhi Ibgiapts fgj Jaghbgs Imfgna Fjvhsbry @bfrj F imfgna fjvhsbry `bfrj (IF@) hs f`bjy tmft axhsts tb suppbrt tma futmbrhzfbg bo imfgnas fgj tb fsshst imfgna cfgfnacagt hg tma fssasscagt, prhbrhzfbg fgj simajukhgn bo imfgnas.

Ht hs hcpbrtfgt tb acpmfshza tmft f IF@4 

^hkk à ibcpbsaj bo jharagt stfeambkjars japagjhgn bg tma imfgnas àhgn ibgshjaraj.



Cfy vfry ibgshjarf`ky hg cfeaup, avag firbss tma rfgna bo f shgnka caagn.



Ymbukj hgvbkva suppkhars wmag tmft wbukj à usaouk, obr axfcpka4



Ymbukj raait `btm usars‘ fgj iustbcars‘ vhaws.

Imfgna Cfgfnacagt - Nagarhi Ibgiapts fgj Jaghbgs Imfgna fjvhsbry `bfrj4 F imfgna fjvhsbry `bfrj (IF@) hs f `bjy tmft axhsts tb suppbrt tma

futmbrhzfbg bo imfgnas fgj tb fsshst imfgna cfgfnacagt hg tma fssasscagt, prhbrhzfbg fgj simajukhgn bo imfgnas. F IF@ hs bag tma imfgna futmbrhty obr bga br cbra imfgna iftanbrhas, ùt hg sbca brnfghzfbgs tma IF@ dust pkfys fg fjvhsbry rbka. Hg f kfrna brnfghzfbg tmara cfy à cfgy jharagt IF@s whtm f nkb`fk IF@ tmft hs raspbgsh`ka obr tma cbst shnghifgt imfgnas fgj btmar IF@s suppbrgn jharagt ùshgass ughts, nabnrfpmhas br taimgbkbnhas. Ht hs hcpbrtfgt tmft afim IF@ mfs oukk vhsh`hkhty bo fkk imfgnas tmft ibukj mfva fg hcpfit bg tma sarvhias fgj ibgnurfbg htacs whtmhg hts ibgtrbk. Obr afim IF@ caagn, cacàrs smbukj à imbsag wmb fra ifpf`ka bo agsurhgn tmft fkk imfgnas whtmhg tma sibpa bo tma IF@ fra fjaquftaky fssassaj orbc `btm f ùshgass fgj f taimghifk vhawpbhgt. F IF@ cfy à fseaj tb ibgshjar fgj raibccagj tma fjbpbg br radaibg bo imfgnas fpprbprhfta obr mhnmar-kavak futmbrhzfbg, fgj tmag raibccagjfbgs whkk à su`chaj tb tma fpprbprhfta imfgna futmbrhty. Zb fimhava tmhs, tma IF@ gaajs tb hgikuja pabpka whtm f © Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

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ikafr ugjarstfgjhgn firbss tma wmbka rfgna bo stfeambkjar gaajs. Ybca bo tmasa cfy à parcfgagt cacàrs bo tma IF@5 btmars whkk à hgvhtaj tb pfrihpfta wmag tmay fra gaajaj àifusa bo tma pfriukfr imfgnas tmft fra àhgn jhsiussaj. Zma imfgna cfgfnar whkk gbrcfkky imfhr tma IF@, fgj pbtagfk cacàrs hgikuja 

Iustbcar(s).

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Qsar cfgfnar(s).

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Qsar nrbup raprasagtfva(s).

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@ushgass rakfbgsmhp cfgfnars.

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Yarvhia bwgars.

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Fppkhifbgs javakbpars/cfhgtfhgars.

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Ypaihfkhsts fgj/br taimghifk ibgsuktfgts.

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Yarvhias fgj bparfbgs stf, a.n. sarvhia jase, tast cfgfnacagt, HZ sarvhia ibgguhty cfgfnacagt, hgobrcfbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt, ifpfihty cfgfnacagt .



Ofihkhas/bia sarvhias stf (wmara imfgnas cfy fait cbvas/fiibccbjfbg fgj vhia varsf).



Ibgtrfitbrs‘ br tmhrj pfras‘ raprasagtfvas, a.n. hg butsburihgn shtufbgs.

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Btmar pfras fs fppkhif`ka tb spaihi ihriucstfgias (a.n. pbkhia ho trfi jhsrupbgs fra kheaky, cfreagn ho pu`khi prbjuits ibukj à faitaj).

Ht hs hcpbrtfgt tb acpmfshza tmft f IF@4 

^hkk à ibcpbsaj bo jharagt stfeambkjars japagjhgn bg tma imfgnas àhgn ibgshjaraj.



Cfy vfry ibgshjarf`ky hg cfeaup, avag firbss tma rfgna bo f shgnka caagn.


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Ymbukj hgvbkva suppkhars wmag tmft wbukj à usaouk, obr axfcpka4 •

Zma axtargfk sarvhia prbvhjar ho f shnghifgt pfrt bo tma sarvhia hs butsburiaj.

•

Zma mfrjwfra sarvhia prbvhjar wmag ibgshjarhgn cfdbr rcwfra upnrfjas.



Ymbukj raait `btm usars‘ fgj iustbcars‘ vhaws.



Hs kheaky tb hgikuja tma prb`kac cfgfnar fgj sarvhia kavak cfgfnar fgj iustbcar rakfbgs stf obr ft kafst pfrt bo tma ca.

^mag tma gaaj obr acarnagiy imfgna frhsas, h.a. tmara cfy gbt à ca tb ibgvaga tma oukk IF@, ht hs gaiassfry tb hjagoy f scfkkar brnfghzfbg whtm futmbrhty tb cfea acarnagiy jaihshbgs. Zmhs `bjy hs fg acarnagiy imfgna fjvhsbry `bfrj (AIF@). Imfgna prbiajuras smbukj spaihoy mbw tma ibcpbshbg bo tma IF@ fgj AIF@ whkk à jatarchgaj hg afim hgstfgia, `fsaj bg tma irhtarhf khstaj f`bva fgj fgy btmar irhtarhf tmft cfy à fpprbprhfta tb tma ùshgass. Zmhs hs hgtagjaj tb agsura tmft tma ibcpbshbg bo tma IF@ whkk à axh`ka hg brjar tb raprasagt ùshgass hgtarasts prbparky wmag cfdbr imfgnas fra prbpbsaj. Ht whkk fksb agsura tmft tma ibcpbshbg bo tma AIF@ whkk prbvhja tma f`hkhty, `btm orbc f ùshgass parspaiva fgj orbc taimghifk stfgjpbhgt, tb cfeafpprbprhfta jaihshbgs hg fgy ibgiahvf`ka avagtufkhty. F prfiifk p wbrtm àfrhgn hg chgj hs tmft f IF@ smbukj mfva stftaj fgj fnraaj avfkufbg irhtarhf. Zmhs whkk fsshst hg tma imfgna fssasscagt fivhas, fign fs f tacpkfta br orfcawbre `y wmhim cacàrs ifg fssass afim imfgna.


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Imfgna Cfgfnacagt Ibgiapts Acarnagiy imfgnas4 Acarnagiy imfgnas fra sbcacas raquhraj fgj smbukj à jashngaj ifraoukky fgj tastaj fs cuim fs pbssh`ka àobra usa, br tma hcpfit bo tma acarnagiy imfgna cfy à nraftar tmfg tma brhnhgfk hgihjagt. Jatfhks bo carnagiy a imfgnas cfy à jbiucagtaj ratrbspaivaky .

Imfgna Yimajuka4 F jbiucagt tmft khsts fkk futmbrhzaj imfgnas fgj tmahr pkfggaj hcpkacagtfbg jftas, fs wakk fs tma ascftaj jftas bo kbgnar-tarc imfgnas. F imfgna simajuka hs sbcacas ifkkaj f obrwfrj simajuka bo imfgna, avag tmbunm ht fksb ibgtfhgs hgobrcfbg f`but imfgnas tmft mfva fkrafjy àag hcpkacagtaj.

\rbdaitaj Yarvhia Butfna (\YB)4 F jbiucagt tmft hjagas tma aait bo pkfggaj imfgnas, cfhgtagfgia fivhas fgj tast pkfgs bg fnraaj sarvhia kavaks.

Imfgna Cfgfnacagt Ibgiapts Acarnagiy imfgnas4 Acarnagiy imfgnas fra sbcacas raquhraj fgj smbukj à jashngaj

ifraoukky fgj tastaj fs cuim fs pbssh`ka àobra usa, br tma hcpfit bo tma acarnagiy imfgna cfy à nraftar tmfg tma brhnhgfk hgihjagt. Jatfhks bo acarnagiy imfgnas cfy à jbiucagtaj ratrbspaivaky. Zma gucàr bo acarnagiy imfgnas prbpbsaj smbukj à eapt tb fg f`sbkuta chghcuc, àifusa tmay fra nagarfkky cbra jhsrupva fgj prbga tb ofhkura. Fkk imfgnas kheaky tb à raquhraj smbukj, hg nagarfk, à obrasaag fgj pkfggaj, àfrhgn hg chgj tma fvfhkf`hkhty bo rasburias tb ùhkj fgj tast tma imfgnas. Gavartmakass, biifshbgs whkk biiur wmag acarnagiy imfgnas fra assagfk fgj sb prbiajuras smbukj à javhsaj tb jafk whtm tmac quhieky, whtmbut sfirhihgn gbrcfk cfgfnacagt ibgtrbks. Zma acarnagiy imfgna prbiajura hs rasarvaj obr imfgnas hgtagjaj tb rapfhr fg arrbr hg fg HZ sarvhia tmft hs ganfvaky hcpfign tma ùshgass tb f mhnm janraa. Imfgnas hgtagjaj tb © Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

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hgtrbjuia hccajhftaky raquhraj ùshgass hcprbvacagts fra mfgjkaj fs gbrcfk imfgnas, fssassaj fs mfvhgn tma mhnmast urnagiy. Ho f imfgna hs gaajaj urnagtky (àifusa bo pbbr pkfgghgn br sujjag imfgnas hg ùshgass raquhracagts) tmhs smbukj à traftaj fs f gbrcfk imfgna ùt nhvag tma mhnmast prhbrht. Imfgna Yimajuka4 F jbiucagt tmft khsts fkk futmbrhzaj imfgnas fgj tmahr pkfggaj hcpkacagtfbg jftas, fs wakk fs tma ascftaj jftas bo kbgnar-tarc imfgnas. F imfgna

simajuka hs sbcacas ifkkaj f obrwfrj simajuka bo imfgna, avag tmbunm ht fksb ibgtfhgs hgobrcfbg f`but imfgnas tmft mfva fkrafjy àag hcpkacagtaj. Zma imfgna simajuka ibgtfhgs jatfhks bo fkk tma imfgnas futmbrhzaj obr hcpkacagtfbg fgj tmahr prbpbsaj hcpkacagtfbg jftas. Ht fksb ibgtfhgs ascftaj jftas bo kbgnar-tarc cfdbr imfgnas tmft mfva àag futmbrhzaj fs imfgna prbpbsfks.


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Imfgna Cfgfnacagt Fivhas Pbka Irafta POI

Imfgna hghftbr

Imfgna cfgfnacagt

Imfgna prbpbsfk (bpbgfk)

Paibrj POI Paquastaj

Imfgna cfgfnacagt

Pavhaw POI Pafjy obr avfkufbg

‘ Fivhas fsshngaj tb tma rbka ”imfgna cfgfnacagt cfy à ifrrhaj but `y f imfgna prfibgar, f imfgna futmbrhty br tma imfgna cfgfnacagt prbiass bwgar, japagjhgn bg brnfghzfbgfk jashng

Imfgna cfgfnacagt

Padaitaj Imfgna futmbrhty Padaitaj *Fivhas tb pkfg, irafta fgj j apkby rakafsas fra pfrt bo tma rakafsa fgj japkbycagt cfgfnacagt prbiass

Imfgna cfgfnacagt

Imfgna futmbrhty

Imfgna cfgfnacagt

Fssass fgj avfkufta imfgna Pafjy obr jaihshbg

^bre ffbws

Futmbrhza imfgna ùhkj fgj tast Futmbrhzaj Ibbrjhgfta imfgna ùhkj fgj tast* Iraftaj Futmbrhza imfgna japkbycagt

^bre ffbws

Y C I hg g b  f rc b o hg a t f j p Q

Yimajukaj Ibbrjhgfta imfgna japkbycagt* Hcpkacagtaj Pavhaw fgj ikbsa imfgna raibrj

^bre ffbws

Ikbsaj

Imfgna Cfgfnacagt Fivhas fra4 

Irafta fgj raibrj tma POI



Pavhaw POI fgj imfgna prbpbsfk4 •



Ohktar imfgnas (a.n. hgibcpkata br wrbgnky rbutaj imfgnas)

Fssass fgj avfkufta tma imfgna4 •

Astf`khsm tma fpprbprhfta kavak bo imfgna futmbrhty

•

Astf`khsm rakavfgt frafs bo hgtarast (h.a. wmb smbukj à hgvbkvaj hg tma IF@)


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

•

Avfkufta tma ùshgass dusifbg, hcpfit, ibst, àgats fgj rhse bo imfgnas

•

Yu`cht f Paquast obr avfkufbg tb hghfta fivhty orbc imfgna avfkufbg prbiass.

Futmbrhza tma imfgna4 •

B`tfhg futmbrhzfbg/radaibg

•

Ibccughifta tma jaihshbg whtm fkk stfeambkjars, hg pfriukfr tma hghftbr bo tma Paquast obr Imfgna



\kfg upjftas



Ibbrjhgfta imfgna hcpkacagtfbg



Pavhaw fgj ikbsa imfgna4 •

Ibkkfta tma imfgna jbiucagtfbg, a.n. `fsakhgas fgj avfkufbg rapbrts

•

Pavhaw tma imfgna(s) fgj imfgna jbiucagtfbg

•

Agsura tma jatfhks bo kassbgs kafrgaj mfva àag agtaraj hgtb tma sarvhia egbwakjna cfgfnacagt systac

•

Ikbsa tma imfgna jbiucagt wmag fkk fibgs fra ibcpkataj.mfva àag futmbrhzaj fs imfgna prbpbsfks.


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Imfgna Futmbrhzfbg Cbjak Ibccughifbgs,

Ibccughifbgs,

jaihshbgs fgj fibgs

asifkfbg obr POIs, rhses, hssuas

Imfgna futmbrhty

Kavak 6

@ushgass axaiuva `bfrj

Kavak 0

HZ cfgfnacagt `bfrj br HZ staarhgn nrbup

Kavak bo rhse/hcpfit Mhnm ibst/rhse imfgna ’ raquhras jaihshbg orbc axaiuvas Imfgna hcpfits cukpka sarvhias br brnfghzfbgfk jhvhshbgs

Kavak 9

IF@ br AIF@

Imfgna wmhim bgky f﬌aits kbifk br sarvhia nrbup

Kavak :

Imfgna cfgfnar

Kbw-rhse imfgna

Kavak 1

Kbifk futmbrhzfbg

Ytfgjfrj imfgna

Imfgna Futmbrhzfbg Cbjak4 Imfgna Futmbrhzfbg4 Obrcfk futmbrhzfbg hs b`tfhgaj obr afim imfgna orbc f imfgna

futmbrhty tmft cfy à f rbka, parsbg br f nrbup bo pabpka. Zma kavaks bo futmbrhzfbg obr f pfriukfr typa bo imfgna smbukj à dujnaj `y tma typa, shza, rhse fgj pbtagfk ùshgass hcpfit bo tma imfgna, a.n. imfgnas hg f kfrna agtarprhsa tmft fait savarfk jhstrhùtaj shtas cfy gaaj tb à futmbrhzaj `y f mhnmar-kavak imfgna futmbrhty suim fs f nkb`fk IF@ br tma `bfrj bo jhraitbrs. Zma iuktura bo tma brnfghzfbg jhitftas, tb f kfrna axtagt, tma cfggar hg wmhim imfgnas fra futmbrhzaj. Mharfrimhifk struituras cfy wakk hcpbsa cfgy kavaks bo imfgna futmbrhzfbg, wmhka far struituras ibukj fkkbw f cbra strafckhgaj fpprbfim. F janraa bo


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jakanftaj futmbrhty cfy axhst whtmhg fg futmbrhzfbg kavak, a.n. jakanfgn futmbrhty tb f imfgna cfgfnar fiibrjhgn tb prasat pfrfcatars rakfgn tb4 

Fgihpftaj ùshgass rhse.



Ohgfgihfk hcpkhifbgs.



Yibpa bo tma imfgna (a.n. hgtargfk aaits bgky, whtmhg tma gfgia sarvhia, spaihi butsburiaj sarvhias).

Fg axfcpka bo f imfgna futmbrhzfbg mharfrimy hs smbwg hg f`bva Ohnura. Afim brnfghzfbg smbukj obrcfkky jbiucagt hts bwg imfgna futmbrhzfbg mharfrimy, wmhim cfy à vary jharagt tb tma axfcpka smbwg mara. Fkk imfgna futmbrhas smbukj à jbiucagtaj hg tma ICY. Ho imfgna fssasscagt ft kavak 0, 9 br : jataits mhnmar kavaks bo rhse, tma futmbrhzfbg raquast hs asifkftaj tb tma fpprbprhfta mhnmar kavak obr tma fssassaj kavak bo rhse. Zma usa bo jakanftaj futmbrhty orbc mhnmar kavaks tb kbifk kavaks cust à fiibcpfghaj `y trust hg tma dujnacagt, fiiass tb tma fpprbprhfta hgobrcfbg fgj suppbrtaj `y cfgfnacagt. Zma kavak ft wmhim imfgna hs futmbrhzaj smbukj rast wmara fiibugtf`hkhty obr fiiapgn rhse fgj racajhfbg axhst. Ymbukj jhsputas frhsa bvar imfgna futmbrhzfbg br radaibg, tmara smbukj à f rhnmt bo fppafk tb tma mhnmar kavak. Imfgnas tmft mfva àag radaitaj smbukj à obrcfkky ravhawaj fgj ikbsaj.


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Imfgna Cfgfnacagt Pbkas Imfgna Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Cfgfnar4

Zma imfgna cfgfnacagt prbiass cfgfnar‘s raspbgsh`hkhas typhifkky hgikuja4 

Ifrryhgn but tma nagarhi prbiass cfgfnar rbka obr tma imfgna cfgfnacagt prbiass



\kfgghgn fgj cfgfnhgn suppbrt obr imfgna cfgfnacagt tbbks fgj prbiassas



Cfhgtfhghgn tma imfgna simajuka fgj prbdaitaj sarvhia butfna

Imfgna Cfgfnacagt Pbkas Imfgna Cfgfnacagt Pbkas4 Zmhs saibg jasirhàs f gucàr bo rbkas tmft gaaj tb à

parobrcaj hg suppbrt bo tma imfgna cfgfnacagt prbiass. Zmasa rbkas fra gbt db` tkas, fgj afim brnfghzfbg whkk mfva tb jaga fpprbprhfta db` tkas fgj db` jasirhpbgs obr hts gaajs. Imfgna Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Bwgar4 Zma imfgna cfgfnacagt prbiass bwgar‘s


Ifrryhgn but tma nagarhi prbiass bwgar rbka obr tma imfgna cfgfnacagt prbiass.



Jashnghgn imfgna futmbrhty mharfrimy fgj irhtarhf obr fkkbifgn POIs tb imfgna futmbrhas.



Jashnghgn imfgna cbjaks fgj wbrebws.


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^brehgn whtm btmar prbiass bwgars tb agsura tmft tmara hs fg hgtanrftaj fpprbfim tb tma jashng fgj hcpkacagtfbg bo imfgna cfgfnacagt, sarvhia fssat fgj ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt, rakafsa fgj japkbycagt cfgfnacagt, fgj sarvhia vfkhjfbg fgj tasgn.

Imfgna Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Cfgfnar4 Zma imfgna cfgfnacagt prbiass cfgfnar‘s


Ifrryhgn but tma nagarhi prbiass cfgfnar rbka obr tma imfgna cfgfnacagt prbiass.

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\kfgghgn fgj cfgfnhgn suppbrt obr imfgna cfgfnacagt tbbks fgj prbiassas.

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Cfhgtfhghgn tma imfgna simajuka fgj prbdaitaj sarvhia butfna.

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Ibbrjhgfgn hgtarofias àtwaag imfgna cfgfnacagt fgj btmar prbiassas ’ aspaihfkky sarvhia fssat fgj ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt fgj rakafsa fgj japkbycagt cfgfnacagt.


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Yarvhia Fssats fgj Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt \rbiass \urpbsa4 Zma purpbsa bo tma YFIC prbiass hs tb agsura tmft tma fssats raquhraj tb jakhvar sarvhias fra fssats prbparky ibgtrbkkaj, fgj tmft fiiurfta fgj rakhf`ka hgobrcfthbg f`but tmbsa hs fvfhkf`ka wmag fgj wmara ht hs gaajaj.

B`daivas4 Agsura tmft fssats ugjar tma ibgtrbk bo tma HZ brnfghzfbg fra hjagaj, ibgtrbkkaj fgj prbparky ifraj obr tmrbunmbut tmahr khoaiyika.

Hjagoy, ibgtrbk, raibrj, rapbrt, fujht fgj varhoy sarvhias fgj btmar ibgnurfbg htacs (IHs).

Cfhgtfhg fiiurfta ibgnurfbg hgobrcfbg bg tma mhstbrhifk, pkfggaj fgj iurragt stfta bo sarvhias fgj btmar IHs.

Yarvhia Fssats fgj Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt \rbiass \urpbsa4 Zma purpbsa bo tma YFIC prbiass hs tb agsura tmft tma fssats raquhraj tb jakhvar sarvhias fra prbparky ibgtrbkkaj, fgj tmft fiiurfta fgj rakhf`ka hgobrcfbg f`but tmbsa fssats hs fvfhkf`ka wmag fgj wmara ht hs gaajaj. Zmhs hgobrcfbg hgikujas jatfhks bo mbw tma fssats mfva àag ibgnuraj fgj tma rakfbgsmhps àtwaag fssats. Zma b`daivas bo YFIC fra tb4 

Agsura tmft fssats ugjar tma ibgtrbk bo tma HZ brnfghzfbg fra hjagaj, ibgtrbkkaj fgj prbparky ifraj obr tmrbunmbut tmahr khoaiyika.

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Fiibugt obr, cfgfna fgj prbtait tma hgtanrhty bo IHs tmrbunm tma sarvhia khoaiyika `y wbrehgn whtm imfgna cfgfnacagt tb agsura tmft bgky futmbrhzaj ibcpbgagts fra usaj fgj bgky futmbrhzaj imfgnas fra cfja.


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Agsura tma hgtanrhty bo IHs fgj ibgnurfbgs raquhraj tb ibgtrbk tma sarvhias `y astf`khsmhgn fgj cfhgtfhghgn fg fiiurfta fgj ibcpkata ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt systac (ICY).

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Cfhgtfhg fiiurfta ibgnurfbg hgobrcfbg bg tma mhstbrhifk, pkfggaj fgj iurragt stfta bo sarvhias fgj btmar IHs.

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Yuppbrt aihagt fgj aaiva sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas `y prbvhjhgn fiiurfta ibgnurfbg hgobrcfbg tb agf`ka pabpka tb cfea jaihshbgs ft tma rhnmt ca ’ obr axfcpka, tb futmbrhza imfgnas fgj rakafsas.


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Yarvhia Fssatsfgj Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt \rbiass

Yibpa4 Zma bo YFIC hgikujas cfgfnacagt bo tma ibcpkata khoaiyika bo avary IH.sibpa Yarvhia fssat fgj ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt agsuras tmft IHs fra hjagaj, `fsakhga fgj cfhgtfhgaj fgj tmft imfgnas tb tmac fra ibgtrbkkaj.

Ht fksb agsuras tmft rakafsas hgtb ibgtrbkkaj agvhrbgcagts fgj bparfbgfk usa fra jbga bg tma `fshs bo obrcfk futmbrhzfbg. Zma sibpa hgikujas hgtarofias tb hgtargfk fgj axtargfk sarvhia prbvhjars wmara tmara fra fssats fgj ibgnurfbg htacs tmft gaaj tb à ibgtrbkkaj, a.n. smfraj fssats. Cbst brnfghzfbgs mfva f prbiass tmft trfies fgj rapbrts tma vfkua fgj bwgarsmhp bo xaj fssats tmrbunmbut tmahr khoaiyika. Zmhs prbiass hs usufkky ifkkaj xaj fssat cfgfnacagt br gfgihfk fssat cfgfnacagt.

Yarvhia Fssats fgj Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Yibpa4 Yarvhia fssats tmft gaaj tb à cfgfnaj hg brjar tb jakhvar sarvhias fra egbwg fs ibgnurfbg htacs (IHs). Btmar sarvhia fssats cfy à raquhraj tb jakhvar tma sarvhia, ùt ho tmay ifggbt à hgjhvhjufkky cfgfnaj tmag tmay fra gbt ibgnurfbg htacs. Avary IH hs f sarvhia fssat, ùt cfgy sarvhia fssats fra gbt IHs. Obr axfcpka, f sarvar whkk à `btm f IH fgj fg fssat5 tma egbwkajna usaj `y fg axparhagiaj sarvhia jase parsbg tb cfgfna hgihjagts hs fg hcpbrtfgt fssat ùt hs gbt f IH. Fksb, hgobrcfbg tmft hs stbraj bg tma sarvar ùt hs gbt ugjar tma ibgtrbk bo imfgna cfgfnacagt cfy à f vary vfkuf`ka fssat, ùt ht hs gbt f ibgnurfbg htac. Ht hs hcpbrtfgt tb gbta tmft cfgy vhrtufk fssats, suim fs f vhrtufk sarvars br gatwbres, cfy à IHs fgj raquhra tma sfca cfgfnacagt ibgtrbk fs pmyshifk fssats.


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Zma sibpa bo YFIC hgikujas cfgfnacagt bo tma ibcpkata khoaiyika bo avary IH. Yarvhia fssat fgj ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt agsuras tmft IHs fra hjagaj, `fsakhgaj fgj cfhgtfhgaj fgj tmft imfgnas tb tmac fra ibgtrbkkaj. Ht fksb agsuras tmft rakafsas hgtb ibgtrbkkaj agvhrbgcagts fgj bparfbgfk usa fra jbga bg tma `fshs bo obrcfk futmbrhzfbg. Ht prbvhjas f ibgnurfbg cbjak bo tma sarvhias fgj sarvhia fssats `y raibrjhgn tma rakfbgsmhps àtwaag ibgnurfbg htacs. YFIC cfy ibvar bg-HZ fssats, wbre prbjuits usaj tb javakbp tma sarvhias fgj IHs raquhraj tb suppbrt tma sarvhia tmft wbukj gbt à ikfsshaj fs fssats `y btmar pfrts bo tma ùshgass.


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Yarvhia Fssat fgj Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt - @fshi ibgiapts Yarvhia Fssat hs fgy rasburia br ifpf`hkhty tmft ibukj ibgtrhùta tb tma jakhvary bo f sarvhia.

Axfcpkas bo sarvhia fssats hgikuja f vhrtufk sarvar, f pmyshifk sarvar, f sbotwfra khiagia, f phaia bo hgobrcfthbg stbraj hg f sarvhia cfgfnacagt systac, br sbca egbwkajna hg tma mafj bo f saghbr cfgfnar.

Ibgohnurfthbg Htac (IH) hs f sarvhia fssat tmft gaajs tb à cfgfnaj hg brjar tb jakhvar fg HZ sarvhia. Fkk IHs fra sarvhia fssats, ùt cfgy sarvhia fssats fra gbt ibgohnurfthbg htacs.

Axfcpkas bo ibgohnurfthbg htacs fra f sarvar br f sbotwfra khiagia. Avary IH cust à ugjar tma ibgtrbk bo imfgna cfgfnacagt.

Yarvhia Fssat fgj Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt - @fshi ibgiapts Yarvhia Fssat hs fgy rasburia br ifpf`hkhty tmft ibukj ibgtrhùta tb tma jakhvary bo f sarvhia.

Axfcpkas bo sarvhia fssats hgikuja f vhrtufk sarvar, f pmyshifk sarvar, f sbwfra khiagia, f phaia bo hgobrcfbg stbraj hg f sarvhia cfgfnacagt systac, br sbca egbwkajna hg tma mafj bo f saghbr cfgfnar. Ibgnurfbg Htac (IH) hs f sarvhia fssat tmft gaajs tb à cfgfnaj hg brjar tb jakhvar fg

HZ sarvhia. Fkk IHs fra sarvhia fssats, ùt cfgy sarvhia fssats fra gbt ibgnurfbg htacs. Axfcpkas bo ibgnurfbg htacs fra f sarvar br f sbwfra khiagia. Avary IH cust à ugjar tma ibgtrbk bo imfgna cfgfnacagt.


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Yarvhia Fssat fgj Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt - @fshi ibgiapts

Ibgohnurfthbg Paibrj hs f sat bo fttrhùtas fgj rakfthbgsmhps f`but f IH. Ibgohnurfthbg raibrjs fra stbraj hg f ibgohnurfthbg cfgfnacagt jftf`fsa (ICJ@) fgj cfgfnaj whtm f ibgohnurfthbg cfgfnacagt systac (ICY).

Ibgohnurfthbg Cfgfnacagt Jftf`fsa (ICJ@)4 F jftf`fsa usaj tb stbra ibgohnurfthbg raibrjs tmrbunmbut tmahr khoaiyika. Zma ibgohnurfthbg cfgfnacagt systac cfhgtfhgs bga br cbra ibgohnurfthbg cfgfnacagt jftf`fsas, fgj afim jftf`fsa stbras fttrhùtas bo ibgohnurfthbg htacs, fgj rakfthbgsmhps whtm btmar ibgohnurfthbg htacs.

Yarvhia Fssat fgj Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt - @fshi ibgiapts Ibgnurfbg Paibrj hs f sat bo frhùtas fgj rakfbgsmhps f`but f IH. Ibgnurfbg

raibrjs fra stbraj hg f ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt jftf`fsa (ICJ@) fgj cfgfnaj whtm f ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt systac (ICY). Ht hs hcpbrtfgt tb gbta tmft IHs fra gbt stbraj hg f ICJ@5 ibgnurfbg raibrjs jasirhà IHs tmft fra stbraj hg tma ICJ@. Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt Jftf`fsa (ICJ@)4 F jftf`fsa usaj tb stbra ibgnurfbg

raibrjs tmrbunmbut tmahr khoaiyika. Zma ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt systac cfhgtfhgs bga br cbra ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt jftf`fsas, fgj afim jftf`fsa stbras frhùtas bo ibgnurfbg htacs, fgj rakfbgsmhps whtm btmar ibgnurfbg htacs. Axfcpka bo cukpka ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt jftf`fsas4 Hg tma ibccbgky agibugtaraj

pfrfkky butsburiaj sarvhia prbvhjar, sbca akacagts bo sarvhia cfgfnacagt whkk à butsburiaj wmhka btmars whkk racfhg hg mbusa, fgj jharagt akacagts cfy à butsburiaj tb jharagt axtargfk suppkhars. Obr axfcpka, tma gatwbre fgj mfrjwfra suppbrt cfy à © Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

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mfgjkaj `y suppkhar F, agvhrbgcagt fgj ofihkhas cfgfnacagt `y suppkhar @, fgj cukpka fppkhifbgs suppkhars fgj hgihjagt cfgfnacagt mfgjkaj hgtargfkky. Zma sarvhia jase whkk fiiass hgobrcfbg tb fsshst tmac orbc tma ICY, ùt tmft systac whkk jarhva hts jftf hgput orbc jhsirata rapbshtbrhas ’ afim bga f ICJ@ ’ bwgaj fgj cfhgtfhgaj `y tma tmraa pfras, ùt wbrehgn tbnatmar tb suppky f shgnka ibgshstagt hgobrcfbg sat. Hjafkky, tma sarvhia jase whkk mfva fiiass tb f shgnka oajarftaj ICJ@.


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Yarvhia Fssat fgj Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt - @fshi ibgiapts Ibgohnurfthbg Cfgfnacagt Yystac (ICY) Zb cfgfna kfrna fgj ibcpkax HZ sarvhias fgj hgorfstruituras, sarvhia fssat fgj ibgohnurfthbg cfgfnacagt raquhras tma usa bo f suppbrthgn systac egbwg fs tma ibgohnurfthbg cfgfnacagt systac (ICY).

Axfcpka bo rakfthbgsmhps àtwaag tma ICY fgj YE

CY

YECY Zma ICY hs pfrt bo tma YECY

Ibgﬆnurfbg raibrjs fra stbraj hg ICJ@s hg tma ICY

Ybca IHs (suim fs YKFs br rakafsa pkfgs) fra hg tma YECY

ICY

Afim ibgﬆnurfbg raibrj pbhgts tb fgj jasirhàs f IH

Btmar IHs (suim fs usars fgj sarvars) fra butshja tma YECY

Yarvhia Fssat fgj Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt - @fshi ibgiapts Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt Yystac4 Zb cfgfna kfrna fgj ibcpkax HZ sarvhias fgj

hgorfstruituras, sarvhia fssat fgj ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt raquhras tma usa bo f suppbrgn systac egbwg fs tma ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt systac (ICY). Zma ICY mbkjs fkk tma hgobrcfbg f`but IHs whtmhg tma jashngftaj sibpa. Ybca bo tmasa htacs whkk mfva rakftaj spaihifbgs br kas tmft ibgtfhg tma ibgtagts bo tma htac (a.n. sbwfra, © Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

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jbiucagt br pmbtbnrfpm), fgj tmasa smbukj à stbraj hg tma YECY. Obr axfcpka, f sarvhia IH whkk hgikuja tma jatfhks suim fs suppkhar, ibst, purimfsa jfta fgj ragawfk jfta obr khiagias fgj cfhgtagfgia ibgtrfits5 rakftaj jbiucagtfbg suim fs YKFs fgj ugjarphgghgn ibgtrfits whkk à hg tma YECY. Ohnura f`bva smbws tma rakfbgsmhp àtwaag ibgnurfbg raibrjs, stbraj hg tma ICY, fgj tma fitufk IHs, wmhim cfy à stbraj hg tma YECY br cfy à pmyshifk fssats butshja tma YECY. Imfgnas tb avary ibgnurfbg htac cust à futmbrhzaj `y imfgna cfgfnacagt fgj fkk upjftas cust hgikuja upjftas tb tma rakavfgt ibgnurfbg raibrjs. Hg sbca brnfghzfbgs, futmbrhty tb cbjhoy IHs whtmhg tma YECY hs fsshngaj tb ibgnurfbg kh`rfrhfgs, wmb fra fksb raspbgsh`ka obr cbjhoyhgn tma ibgnurfbg raibrjs hg tma ICY. Hg btmar brnfghzfbgs tmara hs f sapfrfbg bo juas tb agsura tmft gb bga parsbg ifg upjfta `btm tma fssat hg tma YECY fgj tma ibrraspbgjhgn ibgnurfbg raibrj hg tma ICY.


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Yarvhia Fssat fgj Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt - @fshi ibgiapts Zma Jaohghthva Cajhf Kh`rfry (JCK) hs jaohgaj fs bga br cbra kbifthbgs hg wmhim tma jaohghthva fgj fpprbvaj varshbgs bo fkk sbotwfra IHs fra saiuraky stbraj. 

Cfy fksb ibgtfhg fssbihftaj IHs, suim fs khiagsas fgj jbiucagtfbg.

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Hs f shgnka kbnhifk stbrfna fraf avag ho tmara fra cukpka kbifbgs.

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Qsas sbwfra, wmhim hs ugjar tma ibgtrbk bo Imfgna fgj Pakafsa Cfgfnaca gt fgj raibrjaj hg tma ICY.

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Hs tma sbka prbvhjar bo sbwfra obr usa hg f Pakafsa \myshifk IHs

Akaitrbghi IHs

Yarvhia Fssat fgj Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt - @fshi ibgiapts Zma Jaghva Cajhf Kh`rfry4 Zma Jaghva Cajhf Kh`rfry (JCK) hs tma saiura kh`rfry hg

wmhim tma jaghva futmbrhzaj varshbgs bo fkk cajhf IHs fra stbraj fgj prbtaitaj. Ht stbras cfstar ibphas bo varshbgs tmft mfva pfssaj qufkhty fssurfgia imaies. Zmhs kh`rfry cfy hg rafkhty ibgshst bo bga br cbra sbwfra kh`rfrhas br ka-stbrfna frafs, sapfrfta orbc javakbpcagt, tast br khva ka-stbra frafs. Ht ibgtfhgs tma cfstar ibphas bo fkk ibgtrbkkaj sbwfra hg fg brnfghzfbg. Zma JCK smbukj hgikuja jaghva ibphas bo purimfsaj sbwfra (fkbgn whtm khiagia jbiucagts br hgobrcfbg), fs wakk fs sbwfra javakbpaj bg shta. Cfstar ibphas bo ibgtrbkkaj jbiucagtfbg obr f systac fra fksb stbraj hg tma JCK hg akaitrbghi obrc. © Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

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Pakafsa fgj Japkbycagt Cfgfnacagt \rbiass \urpbsa4 Zma purpbsa bo tma rakafsa fgj japkbycagt cfgfnacagt prbiass hs tb pkfg, simajuka fgj ibgtrbk tma ùhkj, fgj japkbycagt bo rakafsas, fgj tb jakhvar gaw ougithbgfkhty raquhraj `y tast tma ùshgass wmhka prbtaithgn tma hgtanrhty bo axhsthgn sarvhias.

B`daivas4 Jaga fgj fnraa rakafsa fgj japkbycagt cfgfnacagt pkfgs whtm iustbcars fgj stfeambkjars. Irafta fgj tast rakafsa pfiefnas tmft ibgshst bo rakftaj ibgnurfbg htacs tmft fra ibcpf`ka whtm afim btmar. Agsura tmft fkk rakafsa pfiefnas ifg à trfieaj, hgstfkkaj, tastaj, varhaj fgj/br ughgstfkkaj br `fieaj but ho fpprbprhfta.

Pakafsa fgj Japkbycagt Cfgfnacagt \rbiass \urpbsa4 Zma purpbsa bo tma rakafsa fgj japkbycagt cfgfnacagt prbiass hs tb pkfg, simajuka fgj ibgtrbk tma ùhkj, tast fgj japkbycagt bo rakafsas, fgj tb jakhvar gaw ougibgfkhty raquhraj `y tma ùshgass wmhka prbtaign tma hgtanrhty bo axhsgn sarvhias. B`daivas4 

Jaga fgj fnraa rakafsa fgj japkbycagt cfgfnacagt pkfgs whtm iustbcars fgj stfeambkjars.

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Irafta fgj tast rakafsa pfiefnas tmft ibgshst bo rakftaj ibgnurfbg htacs tmft fra ibcpf`ka whtm afim btmar.

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Agsura tmft tma hgtanrhty bo f rakafsa pfiefna fgj hts ibgstuagt ibcpbgagts hs cfhgtfhgaj tmrbunmbut tma trfgshbg fivhas, fgj tmft fkk rakafsa pfiefnas fra stbraj hg f JCK fgj raibrjaj fiiurftaky hg tma ICY.


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Japkby rakafsa pfiefnas orbc tma JCK tb tma khva agvhrbgcagt obkkbwhgn fg fnraaj pkfg fgj simajuka.

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Agsura tmft fkk rakafsa pfiefnas ifg à trfieaj, hgstfkkaj, tastaj, varhaj fgj/br ughgstfkkaj br `fieaj but ho fpprbprhfta.

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Agsura tmft brnfghzfbg fgj stfeambkjar imfgna hs cfgfnaj jurhgn rakafsa fgj japkbycagt fivhas.

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Agsura tmft f gaw br imfgnaj sarvhia fgj hts agf`khgn systacs, taimgbkbny fgj brnfghzfbg fra ifpf`ka bo jakhvarhgn tma fnraaj ukhty fgj wfrrfgty.

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Paibrj fgj cfgfna javhfbgs, rhses fgj hssuas rakftaj tb tma gaw br imfgnaj sarvhia fgj tfea gaiassfry ibrraiva fibg.

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Agsura tmft tmara hs egbwkajna trfgsoar tb agf`ka tma iustbcars fgj usars tb bpchza tmahr usa bo tma sarvhia tb suppbrt tmahr ùshgass fivhas.

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Agsura tmft sehkks fgj egbwkajna fra trfgsoarraj tb sarvhia bparfbg ougibgs tb agf`ka tmac tb aaivaky fgj aihagtky jakhvar, suppbrt fgj cfhgtfhg tma sarvhia fiibrjhgn tb raquhraj wfrrfgas fgj sarvhia kavaks.


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Pakafsa fgj Japkbycagt Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Yibpa4 Zma prbiassas, systacs fgj ougithbgs tb pfiefna, ùh

kj, tast fgj japkby f rakafsa

hgtb khva usa, tmabvar sarvhia spaihohaj tma sarvhia jashng pfiefna, fgj obrcfkky mfgjastf`khsm tma sarvhia tb tma sarvhiahgbparfthbg ougithbgs. Zma sibpa hgikujas fkk ibgnurfbg htacs raquhraj tb hcpkacagt f rakafsa, obr axfcpka4

\myshifk fssats suim fs f sarvar br gatwbre .

_hrtufk fssats suim fs f vhrtufk sarvar br vhrtufk stbrfna.

Fppkhifbgs fgj sbwfra.

Zrfhghgn obr usars fgj HZ stf.

Yarvhias, hgikujhgn fkk rakftaj ibgtrfits fgj fnraacagts.

Pakafsa fgj Japkbycagt Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Yibpa4 Zma sibpa bo rakafsa fgj japkbycagt cfgfnacagt hgikujas tma prbiassas, systacs fgj ougibgs tb pfiefna, ùhkj, tast fgj japkby f rakafsa hgtb khva usa, astf`khsm tma sarvhia spaihaj hg tma sarvhia jashng pfiefna, fgj obrcfkky mfgj tma sarvhia bvar tb tma sarvhia bparfbg ougibgs. Zma sibpa hgikujas fkk ibgnurfbg htacs raquhraj tb hcpkacagt f rakafsa, obr axfcpka4 

\myshifk fssats suim fs f sarvar br gatwbre.



_hrtufk fssats suim fs f vhrtufk sarvar br vhrtufk stbrfna.



Fppkhifbgs fgj sbwfra.


0==





Zrfhghgn obr usars fgj HZ stf.



Yarvhias, hgikujhgn fkk rakftaj ibgtrfits fgj fnraacagts.

Fktmbunm rakafsa fgj japkbycagt cfgfnacagt hs raspbgsh`ka obr agsurhgn tmft fpprbprhfta tasgn tfeas pkfia, tma fitufk tasgn hs ifrrhaj but fs pfrt bo tma sarvhia vfkhjfbg fgj tasgn prbiass. Pakafsa fgj japkbycagt cfgfnacagt hs gbt raspbgsh`ka obr futmbrhgn imfgnas, fgj raquhras futmbrhzfbg orbc imfgna cfgfnacagt ft vfrhbus stfnas hg tma khoaiyika bo f rakafsa.


0=8



Pakafsa Qghts & Pakafsa \fiefnas Pakafsa Qght4 F ”rakafsa ught‘ jasirhàs tma pbrthbg bo f sarvhia br HZ hgorfstruit ura tmft hs gbrcfkky rakafsaj fs f shgnka agthty fiibrjhgn tb tma brnfghzfthbg‘s rakafsa pbkhiy.

Pakafsa \fiefna4 F ”rakafsa pfiefna‘ hs f sat bo ibgohnurfthbg htacs tmft whkk à ùhkt, tastaj fgj japkbyaj tbnatmar fs f shgnka rakafsa.

Pakafsa ught fgj rakafsa pfiefna4 F ”rakafsa ught‘ jasirhàs tma pbrbg bo f sarvhia br HZ hgorfstruitura tmft hs gbrcfkky rakafsaj fs f shgnka agty fiibrjhgn tb tma brnfghzfbg‘s rakafsa pbkhiy. Zma ught cfy vfry, japagjhgn bg tma typa(s) br htac(s) bo sarvhia fssat br sarvhia ibcpbgagt suim fs sbwfra fgj mfrjwfra. Zma nagarfk fhc hs tb jaihja tma cbst fpprbprhfta rakafsa-ught kavak obr afim sarvhia fssat br ibcpbgagt. Fg brnfghzfbg cfy, obr axfcpka, jaihja tmft tma rakafsa ught obr ùshgass-ir hifk fppkhifbgs hs tma ibcpkata fppkhifbg hg brjar tb agsura tmft tasgn hs ibcpramagshva. Zma sfca brnfghzfbg cfy jaihja tmft f cbra fpprbprhfta rakafsa ught obr f wa`shta hs ft tma pfna kavak. F ”rakafsa pfiefna‘ hs f sat bo ibgnurfbg htacs tmft whkk à ùhkt, tastaj fgj japkbyaj tbnatmar fs f shgnka rakafsa. Afim rakafsa whkk tfea tma jbiucagtaj rakafsa ughts hgtb fiibugt wmag jashnghgn tma ibgtagts bo tma rakafsa pfiefna. Ht cfy sbcacas à gaiassfry tb irafta f rakafsa pfiefna tmft ibgtfhgs bgky pfrt bo bga br cbra rakafsa ughts, ùt tmhs wbukj bgky mfppag hg axiapbgfk ihriucstfgias.


08<



Axfcpka bo Pakafsa Qght

HZ sarvhia F

F6

F0

F9

F0.6

F0.0

F9.6

F0.6.6

Axfcpka bo Pakafsa Qght4 Ohnura f`bva nhvas f shcpkhaj axfcpka smbwhgn fg HZ sarvhia cfja up bo systacs fgj sarvhia fssats, wmhim fra hg turg cfja up bo sarvhia ibcpbgagts. Zma fitufk ibcpbgagts tb à rakafsaj bg f spaihi biifshbg cfy hgikuja bga br cbra rakafsa ughts, br axiapbgfkky cfy hgikuja bgky pfrt bo f rakafsa ught. Zmasa ibcpbgagts fra nrbupaj tbnatmar hgtb f rakafsa pfiefna obr tmft spaihi rakafsa.


086



Axfcpka bo f rakafsa pfiefna F rakafsa pfiefna cfy à f shgnka rakafsa ught br f struituraj sat bo rakafsa ughts suim fs tma bga smbwg hg Ohnura :.68. Pakafsa pfiefna F8 _6.<

Qsar jbiucagtfbg

â` ikhagt

Iustbcar sarvhia F

Fppkhifbg rakafsa ught

Jftf`fsa Imfgna

Iagtrfk sarvar Ybwfra

Pakafsa Jbiucagtfbg

YYF

YY@

YYFQ6

F9.6

YYFQ0

YYFQ9

YYFQ:

Axfcpka bo f rakafsa pfiefna4 Zma obkkbwhgn ofitbrs smbukj à tfeag hgtb fiibugt wmag jaihjhgn tma fpprbprhfta kavak obr rakafsa ughts4 

Zma afsa fgj fcbugt bo imfgna gaiassfry tb rakafsa f rakafsa ught.



Zma fcbugt bo rasburias fgj ca gaajaj tb ùhkj, tast, jhstrhùta fgj hcpkacagt f rakafsa ught.



Zma ibcpkaxhty bo hgtarofias àtwaag tma prbpbsaj ught fgj tma rast bo tma sarvhias fgj HZ hgorfstruitura.


080





Zma stbrfna fvfhkf`ka hg tma ùhkj, tast, jhstrhùbg fgj khva agvhrbgcagts.

F rakafsa pfiefna cfy à f shgnka rakafsa ught br f struituraj sat bo rakafsa ughts suim fs tma bga smbwg hg Ohnura :.68. F rakafsa pfiefna cfy ibgtfhg bgky pfrt bo bga br cbra rakafsa ughts. Zmhs wbukj bgky mfppag hg axiapbgfk ihriucstfgias, obr axfcpka wmag irafgn fg acarnagiy rakafsa. Zma axfcpka hg Ohnura :.68 smbws fg fppkhifbg whtm hts usar jbiucagtfbg fgj f rakafsa ught obr afim taimgbkbny pkfbrc. Bg tma rhnmt tmara hs tma iustbcar sarvhia fssat tmft hs suppbrtaj `y twb suppbrgn sarvhias ’ YYF obr tma hgorfstruitura sarvhia fgj YY@ obr tma fppkhifbg sarvhia. Zmasa rakafsa ughts whkk ibgtfhg hgobrcfbg f`but tma sarvhia, hts ukhas fgj wfrrfgas fgj rakafsa jbiucagtfbg. Bag tmara whkk à jharagt wfys bo jashnghgn f rakafsa pfiefna, fgj ibgshjarfbg smbukj à nhvag tb astf`khsmhgn tma cbst fpprbprhfta catmbj obr tma hjagf`ka ihriucstfgias, stfeambkjars fgj pbssh`hkhas. ^mara pbssh`ka, rakafsa pfiefnas smbukj à jashngaj sb tmft sbca rakafsa ughts ifg à racbvaj ho tmay ifusa hssuas hg tasgn.


089



PJC ’ Pakafsa \bkhiy Pakafsa pbkhiy4 Zma rakafsa pbkhiy smbukj à hgikuja4

jaohgaj obr bga br cbra sarvhias

fgj



Zma rbkas fgj raspbgsh`hkhas ft afim stfna hg tma rakafsa fgj japkbycagt prbiass.



Zma axpaitaj oraquagiy obr afim typa bo rakafsa.



Zma fpprbfim obr fiiapgn fgj nrbuphgn imfgnas hgtb f rakafsa.



Zma caimfghsc tb futbcfta tma ùhkj, hgstfkkfbg fgj rakafsa jhstrhùbg prbiassas tb hcprbvara-usa, rapaftf`hkhty fgj aihagiy.

PJC ’ Pakafsa \bkhiy Zma rakafsa pbkhiy smbukj à jagaj obr bga br cbra sarvhias fgj hgikuja4 

Zma ughqua hjagifbg, gucàrhgn fgj gfchgn ibgvagbgs obr jharagt typas bo rakafsa tbnatmar whtm f jasirhpbg.



Zma rbkas fgj raspbgsh`hkhas ft afim stfna hg tma rakafsa fgj japkbycagt cfgfnacagt prbiass.



Zma raquhracagt tb bgky usa sbwfra fssats orbc tma jaghva cajhf kh`rfry.



Zma axpaitaj oraquagiy obr afim typa bo rakafsa.



Zma fpprbfim obr fiiapgn fgj nrbuphgn imfgnas hgtb f rakafsa, a.n. mbw agmfgiacagts fra prhbrhzaj obr hgikushbg.


08:





Zma caimfghsc tb futbcfta tma ùhkj, hgstfkkfbg fgj rakafsa jhstrhùbg prbiassas tb hcprbva ra-usa, rapaftf`hkhty fgj aihagiy.



Mbw tma ibgnurfbg `fsakhga obr tma rakafsa hs ifpturaj fgj varhaj fnfhgst tma fitufk rakafsa ibgtagts, a.n. mfrjwfra, sbwfra, jbiucagtfbg fgj egbwkajna.



Axht fgj agtry irhtarhf fgj futmbrhty obr fiiaptfgia bo tma rakafsa hgtb afim Yarvhia Zrfgshbg stfna fgj hgtb tma ibgtrbkkaj tast, trfhghgn, jhsfstar raibvary fgj prbjuibg agvhrbgcagts.



Irhtarhf fgj futmbrhzfbg tb axht afrky khoa suppbrt fgj mfgjbvar tb Yarvhia Bparfbgs.

F rakafsa tmft ibgshsts bo cfgy jharagt typas bo sarvhia fssats cfy hgvbkva cfgy pabpka, bag orbc jharagt brnfghzfbgs. Zma typhifk raspbgsh`hkhas obr mfgjbvar fgj fiiaptfgia bo f rakafsa smbukj à jagaj fgj tmag tmay ifg à cbjhaj fs raquhraj obr spaihi trfgshbgs. Zma cfhg rbkas fgj raspbgsh`hkhas ft pbhgts bo mfgjbvar smbukj à jagaj tb agsura tmft avarybga ugjarstfgjs tmahr rbka fgj kavak bo futmbrhty fgj tmbsa bo btmars hgvbkvaj hg tma rakafsa fgj japkbycagt prbiass. Fkk rakafsas smbukj mfva f ughqua hjagar tmft ifg à usaj `y Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt fgj tma jbiucagtfbg stfgjfrjs. Zma typas bo rakafsa smbukj à jagaj fs tmhs makps tb sat iustbcar fgj stfeambkjar axpaitfbgs f`but tma pkfggaj rakafsas. F typhifk axfcpka hs4 

Cfdbr rakafsas, gbrcfkky ibgtfhghgn kfrna frafs bo gaw ougibgfkhty, sbca bo wmhim cfy akhchgfta tacpbrfry xas tb prb`kacs. F cfdbr upnrfja br rakafsa usufkky suparsajas fkk praiajhgn chgbr upnrfjas, rakafsas fgj acarnagiy xas.



Chgbr rakafsas, gbrcfkky ibgtfhghgn scfkk agmfgiacagts fgj xas, sbca bo wmhim cfy fkrafjy mfva àag hssuaj fs acarnagiy xas. F chgbr upnrfja br rakafsa usufkky suparsajas fkk praiajhgn acarnagiy xas.



Acarnagiy rakafsas, gbrcfkky ibgtfhghgn tma ibrraibgs tb f scfkk gucàr bo egbwg arrbrs br sbcacas fg agmfgiacagt tb caat f mhnm prhbrhty ùshgass raquhracagt.

F rakafsa pbkhiy cfy sfy, obr axfcpka, tmft bgky strhit ”acarnagiy xas‘ whkk à hssuaj hg àtwaag obrcfkky pkfggaj rakafsas bo agmfgiacagts fgj gbg-urnagt ibrraibgs.


081



Pakafsa fgj Japkbycagt Cbjaks Pakafsa fgj Japkbycagt Cbjak4 Yarvhia Jashng whkk sakait tma cbst suhtf`ka rakafsa fgj japkbycagt cbjaks tmft hgikuja tma fpprbfim, caimfghscs, prbiassas, prbiajuras fgj rasburias raquhraj tb ùhkj tast fgj japkby tma rakafsa fgj whtm hg ùjnat.

Pakafsa fgj japkbycagt cbjak jaga4 

Pakafsa struitura.



Axht fgj agtryirhtarhf, hgikujhgn cfgjft bry fgj bpbgfkjakhvarf`kas.



Ibgtrbkkaj agvhrbgcagts raquhraj tb ùhkj fgj tast tma rakafsa obr afim rakafsa kavak.



Zma rbkas fgj raspbgsh`hkhas obr afim ibgnurfbg htac ft afim rakafsa kavak.

Pakafsa fgj Japkbycagt Cbjaks F sarvhia cfy à japkbyaj hgtb tma prbjuibg agvhrbgcagt hg f gucàr bo wfys. Yarvhia Jashng whkk sakait tma cbst suhtf`ka rakafsa fgj japkbycagt cbjaks tmft hgikuja tma fpprbfim, caimfghscs, prbiassas, prbiajuras fgj rasburias raquhraj tb ùhkj fgj japkby tma rakafsa bg ca fgj whtmhg ùjnat. Zma rakafsa catmbjs jurhgn tma afrky ùhkj fgj tast stfnas cfy jhar shnghifgtky orbc khva bparfbgs sb pkfg fmafj tb agsura tmft fpprbprhfta rakafsa catmbjs fra fjbptaj ft tma fpprbprhfta ca.


08?



Pakafsa fgj japkbycagt cbjaks jaga4 

Pakafsa struitura ’ tma bvarfkk struitura obr ùhkjhgn f rakafsa pfiefna fgj tma tfrnat agvhrbgcagts.



Zma axht fgj agtry irhtarhf hgikujhgn cfgjftbry fgj bpbgfk jakhvarf`kas fgj jbiucagtfbg obr afim stfna.



Ibgtrbkkaj agvhrbgcagts raquhraj tb ùhkj fgj tast tma rakafsa obr afim rakafsa kavak5 tmara whkk à cukpka kbnhifk fgj pmyshifk agvhrbgcagts tmrbunm tma Yarvhia Zrfgshbg stfna cfppaj tb jharagt pmyshifk agvhrbgcagts fvfhkf`ka tb tma trfgshbg tafc.



Zma rbkas fgj raspbgsh`hkhas obr afim ibgnurfbg htac ft afim rakafsa kavak.



Zma rakafsa prbcbbg fgj ibgnurfbg `fsakhga cbjak.



Zacpkfta rakafsa fgj japkbycagt simajukas.



Yuppbrgn systacs, tbbks fgj prbiajuras obr jbiucaggn fgj trfiehgn fkk rakafsa fgj japkbycagt fivhas.



Zma mfgjbvar fivhas fgj raspbgsh`hkhas obr axaiugn tma mfgjbvar fgj fiiaptfgia obr afim stfna bo rakafsa fgj japkbycagt.


08>



Pakafsa fgj Japkbycagt Bpbgs

@hn @fgn4 Zma gaw br imfgnaj sarvhiaj hs japkbyaj tb fkk usar frafs hg bga bparfbg, wmag ibgshstagiy bo sarvhia firbss tma brnfghzfbg hs ibgshjaraj hcpbrtfgt.

\mfsaj Fpprbfim4 Zma sarvhia hs japkbyaj tb f pfrt bo tma usar `fsa hghfkky fgj tmag tmhs bparfbg hs rapaftaj obr su`saquagt pfrts bo tma usar `fsa vhf simajukaj rbkk but pkfg.

Pakafsa fgj Japkbycagt Bpbgs Japkbycagt Bpbgs4 ”@hn `fgn‘ bpbg ’ tma gaw br imfgnaj sarvhia hs japkbyaj tb fkk usar

frafs hg bga bparfbg. Zmhs whkk bag à usaj wmag hgtrbjuihgn fg fppkhifbg imfgna fgj ibgshstagiy bo sarvhia firbss tma brnfghzfbg hs ibgshjaraj hcpbrtfgt. \mfsaj fpprbfim ’ tma sarvhia hs japkbyaj tb f pfrt bo tma usar `fsa hghfkky, fgj tmag tmhs bparfbg hs rapaftaj obr su`saquagt pfrts bo tma usar `fsa vhf f simajukaj rbkkbut pkfg. Zmhs whkk à tma ifsa hg cfgy siagfrhbs suim fs hg ratfhk brnfghzfbgs obr gaw sarvhias àhgn hgtrbjuiaj hgtb tma stbras‘ agvhrbgcagt hg cfgfnaf`ka pmfsas.


08=



\mfsaj Fpprbfim

MafjB﬉ia

Pakafsa6

@rfgim6

Pakafsa0

Pakafsa6

Pak.9 P. 9

Pakafsa0

@rfgim 0

Pakafsa 6

Pakafsa 0

@rfgim 9

Pakafsa 6

Pakafsa 0

Cbgtm

6

0

9

:

1

?

>

=

-

F pmfsaj rbkk but firbss savarfk nabnrfpmhifk kbifbgs


088



Japkbycagt Bpbgs ’ \usm fgj \ukk fpprbfim \usm Fpprbfim4 Zma sarvhia ibcpbgagt hs japkbyaj orbc tma iagtar fgj pusmaj but tb tma tfrnat kbifthbgs. Hg tarcs bo sarvhia japkbycagt jakhvarhgn upjftaj sarvhia ibcpbgagts tb fkk usars ’ ahtmar hg `hn `fgn br pmfsaj obrc ’ ibgsthtutas ”pusm‘.

\ukk Fpprbfim Ybotwfra rakafsas wmara tma sbotwfra hs cfja fvfhkf`ka hg f iagtrfk kbifthbg ùt usars fra oraa tb pukk tma sbotwfra jbwg tb tmahr bwg kbifthbg ft f thca bo tmahr imbbshgn br wmag f usar wbrestfthbg rastfrts.

Japkbycagt Bpbgs ’ \usm fgj \ukk fpprbfim F pusm fpprbfim hs usaj wmara tma sarvhia ibcpbgagt hs japkbyaj orbc tma iagtra fgj pusmaj but tb tma tfrnat kbifbgs. Hg tarcs bo sarvhia japkbycagt, jakhvarhgn upjftaj sarvhia ibcpbgagts tb fkk usars ’ ahtmar hg `hn-`fgn br pmfsaj obrc ’ ibgstutas ”pusm‘, shgia tma gaw br imfgnaj sarvhia hs jakhvaraj hgtb tma usars‘ agvhrbgcagt ft f ca gbt bo tmahr imbbshgn. F pukk fpprbfim hs usaj obr sbwfra rakafsas wmara tma sbwfra hs cfja fvfhkf`ka hg f iagtrfk kbifbg ùt usars fra oraa tb pukk tma sbwfra jbwg tb tmahr bwg kbifbg ft f ca bo tmahr imbbshgn br wmag f usar wbrestfbg rastfrts. Zma usa bo ”pukk‘ upjfgn f rakafsa bvar tma hgtargat mfs cfja tmhs ibgiapt shnghifgtky cbra parvfshva. F nbbj axfcpka hs vhrus shngftura upjftas, wmhim fra typhifkky pukkaj jbwg tb upjfta \Is fgj sarvars wmag ht àst suhts tma iustbcar5 mbwavar ft cas bo axtraca vhrus rhse tmhs cfy à bvarrhjjag `y f rakafsa tmft hs pusmaj tb fkk egbwg usars.


9<<



\mfsas bo Pakafsa fgj Japkbycagt Cfgfnacagt Imfgna cfgfnacagt Futm

Fu t m

Futm

Fu t m

Futmbrhza rakafsa pkfgghgn

Futmbrhza ùhkj fgj tast

Pakafsa fgj japkbycagt pkfgghgn

Pakafsa ùhkj fgj tast

Futm Futm Futm

Futmbrhza japkbycagt/ trfgsoar/raracagt

Futmbrhza iaie- hg tb JCK

Japkbycagt

\bst Hcpkacagtfbg ravhaw

Pavhaw fgj ikbsa

Japkbycagt

Japkbycagt

Japkbycagt

Futm

\mfsas bo Pakafsa fgj Japkbycagt Cfgfnacagt Obur pmfsas bo Pakafsa fgj Japkbycagt cfgfnacagt4 Pakafsa fgj Japkbycagt \kfgghgn4 \kfgs obr irafgn fgj japkbyhgn tma rakafsa fra iraftaj.

Zmhs pmfsa stfrts whtm imfgna cfgfnacagt futmbrhzfbg tb pkfg f rakafsa fgj agjs whtm imfgna cfgfnacagt futmbrhzfbg tb irafta tma rakafsa. Pakafsa ùhkj fgj tast4 Zma rakafsa pfiefna hs ùhkt, tastaj, fgj imaieaj hgtb JCK. Zmhs pmfsa

stfrts whtm imfgna cfgfnacagt futmbrhzfbg tb ùhkj tma rakafsa fgj agjs whtm imfnga cfgfnacagt futmbrhzfbg obr `fsakhgaj rakafsa pfiefna tb à imaieaj hgtb JCK `y sarvhia fssat fgj ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt. Zmhs pmfsa bgky mfppags bgia obr afim rakafsa.


9<6



Japkbycagt4 Zma rakafsa pfiefna hg tma JCK hs japkbyaj tb tma khva agvhrbgcagt. Zmhs pmfsa

stfrts whtm imfgna cfgfnacagt futmbrhzfbg tb japkby tma rakafsa pfiefna tb bga br cbra tfrnat agvhrbgcagts fgj agjs whtm mfgjbvar tb sarvhia bparfbg ougibgs fgj afrky khoa suppbrt. Zmara cfy à cfgy sapfrfta japkbycagt pmfsas obr afim rakafsa, japagjhgn bg tma pkfggaj japkbycagt bpbgs. Pavhaw fgj ikbsa4 Axparhagia fgj oaaj`fie fra ifpturaj, parobrcfgia tfrnats fgj

fimhavacagts fra ravhawaj fgj kassbgs fra kafrgaj.pusmaj tb fkk egbwg usars.


9<0



Egbwkajna Cfgfnacagt \rbiass \urpbsa Zma purpbsa bo tma egbwkajna cfgfnacagt prbiass hs tb smfra parspaivas, hjafs, axparhagia fgj hgobrcfbg5 tb agsura tmft tmasa fra fvfhkf`ka hg tma rhnmt pkfia ft tma rhnmt ca tb agf`ka hgobrcaj jaihshbgs5 fgj tb hcprbva aihagiy `y rajuihgn tma gaaj tb rajhsibvar egbwkajna.

B`daithvas Hcprbva tma qufkhty bo cfgfnacagt jaihshbg cfehgn `y agsurhgn tmft rakhf`ka fgj saiura egbwkajna. Agf`ka tma sarvhia prbvhjar tb à cbra aihagt fgj hcprbva qufkhty bo sarvhia. Cfhgtfhg f sarvhia egbwkajna cfgfnacagt systac (YECY) tmft prbvhjas ibgtrbkkaj fiiass tb egbwkajna.

Egbwkajna Cfgfnacagt \rbiass \urpbsa4 Zma purpbsa bo tma egbwkajna cfgfnacagt prbiass hs tb smfra parspaivas,

hjafs, axparhagia fgj hgobrcfbg5 tb agsura tmft tmasa fra fvfhkf`ka hg tma rhnmt pkfia ft tma rhnmt ca tb agf`ka hgobrcaj jaihshbgs5 fgj tb hcprbva aihagiy `y rajuihgn tma gaaj tb rajhsibvar egbwkajna. B`daivas4 

Hcprbva tma qufkhty bo cfgfnacagt jaihshbg cfehgn `y agsurhgn tmft rakhf`ka fgj saiura egbwkajna, hgobrcfbg fgj jftf hs fvfhkf`ka tmrbunmbut tma sarvhia khoaiyika.



Agf`ka tma sarvhia prbvhjar tb à cbra aihagt fgj hcprbva qufkhty bo sarvhia, hgirafsa sfsofibg fgj rajuia tma ibst bo sarvhia `y rajuihgn tma gaaj tb rajhsibvar egbwkajna.


9<9





Agsura tmft stf mfva f ikafr fgj ibccbg ugjarstfgjhgn bo tma vfkua tmft tmahr sarvhias prbvhja tb iustbcars fgj tma wfys hg wmhim àgats fra rafkhzaj orbc tma usa bo tmbsa sarvhias.



Cfhgtfhg f sarvhia egbwkajna cfgfnacagt systac (YECY) tmft prbvhjas ibgtrbkkaj fiiass tb egbwkajna, hgobrcfbg fgj jftf tmft hs fpprbprhfta obr afim fujhagia.



Nftmar, fgfkysa, stbra, smfra, usa fgj cfhgtfhg egbwkajna, hgobrcfbg fgj jftf tmrbunmbut tma sarvhia prbvhjar brnfghzfbg.


9<:



Egbwkajna Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Yibpa Egbwkajna cfgfnacagt hs f wmbka khoaiyika-whja prbiass hg tmft ht hs rakavfgt tb fkk khoaiyika stfnas fgj magia hs raoaragiaj tmrbunmbut HZHK orbc tma parspaiva bo afim pu`khifbg. Hgikushbgs4 Egbwkajna cfgfnacagt hgikujas bvarshnmt bo tma cfgfnacagt bo egbwkajna, tma hgobrcfbg fgj jftf orbc wmhim tmft egbwkajna jarhvas. Axikushbgs4 Jatfhkaj fagbg tb tma ifpturhgn, cfhgtagfgia fgj usa bo ibgnurfbg jftf hs sat but.

Egbwkajna Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Yibpa4 Egbwkajna cfgfnacagt hs f wmbka khoaiyika-whja prbiass hg tmft ht hs rakavfgt tb

fkk khoaiyika stfnas fgj magia hs raoaragiaj tmrbunmbut HZHK orbc tma parspaiva bo afim pu`khifbg. Ht hs jafkt whtm tb sbca janraa whtmhg btmar HZHK pu`khifbgs, ùt tmhs saibg sats but tma `fshi ibgiapt, orbc f sarvhia trfgshbg obius. Hgikushbgs4 Egbwkajna cfgfnacagt hgikujas bvarshnmt bo tma cfgfnacagt bo egbwkajna,

tma hgobrcfbg fgj jftf orbc wmhim tmft egbwkajna jarhvas. Axikushbgs4 Jatfhkaj fagbg tb tma ifpturhgn, cfhgtagfgia fgj usa bo ibgnurfbg jftf hs

sat but.


9<1



Egbwkajna Cfgfnacagt - JHE^ Cbjak Ibgtaxt

^hsjbc

^my2 Egbwkajna Mbw2

Hgobrcfbg ^mb, wmft, ^mag, wmara2

Jftf Qgjarstfgjhgn

Egbwkajna Cfgfnacagt - JHE^ Cbjak Zma Jftf-tb-Hgobrcfbg-tb-Egbwkajna-tb-^hsjbc struitura4 Egbwkajna Cfgfnacagt

hs typhifkky jhspkfyaj whtmhg tma Jftf-tb-Hgobrcfbg-tb- Egbwkajna-tb-^hsjbc (JHE^) struitura. Zma usa bo tmasa tarcs hs sat but àkbw. hs f sat bo jhsirata ofits f`but avagts. Cbst brnfghzfbgs ifptura shnghifgt fcbugts bo jftf hg mhnmky struituraj jftf`fsas suim fs Yarvhia Cfgfnacagt fgj Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt tbbks/systacs fgj jftf`fsas. Fg axfcpka bo jftf hs tma jftf fgj ca ft wmhim fg hgihjagt wfs kbnnaj. Jftf

Hgobrcfbg4 Ibcas orbc prbvhjhgn ibgtaxt tb jftf. Hgobrcfbg hs typhifkky stbraj hg sach

struituraj ibgtagt suim fs jbiucagts, acfhk fgj cukcajhf. Fg axfcpka bo hgobrcfbg hs tma fvarfna ca tb ikbsa prhbrhty 0 hgihjagts. Zmhs hgobrcfbg hs iraftaj `y ibc`hghgn jftf orbc tma stfrt ca, agj ca fgj prhbrhty bo cfgy hgihjagts.


9


Egbwkajna hs ibcpbsaj bo tma tfiht axparhagias, hjafs, hgshnmts, vfkuas fgj dujncagts bo

hgjhvhjufks. \abpka nfhg egbwkajna `btm orbc tmahr bwg fgj orbc tmahr paars‘ axparsa, fs wakk fs orbc tma fgfkyshs bo hgobrcfbg (fgj jftf). Zmrbunm tma sygtmashs bo tmasa akacagts, gaw egbwkajna hs iraftaj. Egbwkajna hs jygfchi fgj ibgtaxt `fsaj. Egbwkajna puts hgobrcfbg hgtb fg ”afsa bo usa‘ obrc, wmhim ifg ofihkhtfta jaihshbg cfehgn. Hg Yarvhia Zrfgshbg tmhs egbwkajna hs gbt sbkaky `fsaj bg tma trfgshbg hg prbnrass, ùt hs nftmaraj orbc axparhagia bo pravhbus trfgshbgs, fwfragass bo raiagt fgj fgihpftaj imfgnas fgj btmar frafs tmft axparhagiaj stf whkk mfva àag ugibgsihbusky ibkkaign obr sbca ca. Fg axfcpka bo egbwkajna hs tmft tma fvarfna ca tb ikbsa prhbrhty 0 hgihjagts mfs hgirafsaj `y f`but 6<% shgia f gaw varshbg bo tma sarvhia wfs rakafsaj. ^hsjbc cfeas usa bo egbwkajna tb irafta vfkua tmrbunm ibrrait fgj wakk-hgobrcaj jaihshbgs.

^hsjbc hgvbkvas mfvhgn tma fppkhifbg fgj ibgtaxtufk fwfragass tb prbvhja strbgn ibccbg sagsa dujnacagt. Fg axfcpka bo whsjbc hs raibnghzhgn tmft tma hgirafsa hg ca tb ikbsa prhbrhty 0 hgihjagts hs jua tb pbbr-qufkhty jbiucagtfbg obr tma gaw varshbg bo tma sarvhia.


9<>



Yarvhia Zrfgshbg \rbiass Pakfthbgsm hp @atwaag ICJ@, ICY fgj Yarvhia egbwkajna cfgfnacagt systac

YECY

Yuppbrt obr jaihshbgs

Yuppbrt obr jakhvary bo sarvhias

Ibgﬆnurfbg cfgfnacagt systac

Ibgﬆnurfbg cfgfnacagt jftf`fsa

Yarvhia Zrfgshbg \rbiass Zma sarvhia egbwkajna cfgfnacagt systac4 Ypaihifkky whtmhg HZ sarvhia cfgfnacagt,

egbwkajna cfgfnacagt whkk à obiusaj whtmhg tma sarvhia egbwkajna cfgfnacagt systac (YECY), wmhim hs ibgiargaj, fs hts gfca hcpkhas, whtm egbwkajna. Qgjarphgghgn tmhs egbwkajna whkk à f ibgshjarf`ka qufgty bo jftf, wmhim whkk fksb à makj hg tma YECY. Bga vary hcpbrtfgt pfrt bo tma YECY hs tma ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt systac (ICY). Zma ICY jasirhàs tma frhùtas fgj rakfbgsmhps bo ibgnurfbg htacs, cfgy bo wmhim fra tmacsakvas egbwkajna, hgobrcfbg br jftf fssats stbraj hg tma YECY. Ohnura hs f vary shcpkhaj hkkustrfbg bo tma rakfbgsmhp bo tma tmraa kavaks, whtm ibgnurfbg jftf àhgn raibrjaj whtmhg tma ICJ@, fgj oaajhgn tmrbunm tma ICY hgtb tma YECY. Zma YECY suppbrts jakhvary bo tma sarvhias fgj hgobrcaj jaihshbg-cfehgn. Zma YECY whkk ibgtfhg


9<=



cfgy jharagt typas bo jftf, hgobrcfbg fgj egbwkajna. Axfcpkas bo htacs tmft smbukj à stbraj hg fg YECY hgikuja4 

Zma sarvhia pbrbkhb.



Zma ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt systac (ICY).



Zma jaghva cajhf kh`rfry (JCK).



Yarvhia kavak fnraacagts (YKFs), ibgtrfits fgj bparfbg kavak fnraacagts (BKFs).



Zma hgobrcfbg saiurhty pbkhiy.



Zma suppkhar fgj ibgtrfit cfgfnacagt hgobrcfbg systac (YICHY), hgikujhgn suppkhars‘ fgj pfrtgars‘ raquhracagts, f`hkhas fgj axpaitfbgs.



Zma axparhagia bo stf.



Paibrjs bo parhpmarfk cfars, a.n. waftmar, usar gucàrs fgj àmfvhbr, brnfghzfbg‘s parobrcfgia nuras.



Yuppkhars‘ fgj pfrtgars‘ raquhracagts, f`hkhas fgj axpaitfbgs.



Zyphifk fgj fgihpftaj usar sehkk kavaks.



Zma ifpfihty pkfg fgj ifpfihty cfgfnacagt hgobrcfbg systac (ICHY).



Zma fvfhkf`hkhty pkfg fgj fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt hgobrcfbg systac (FCHY).



Yarvhia ibgguhty hgvbifbg prbiajura.



Yarvhia rapbrts.



F jhsiusshbg obruc wmara prfibgars ifg fse quasbgs, fgswar afim btmar‘s quasbgs, fgj safrim obr pravhbus quasbgs fgj fgswars.



Fg hgjaxaj fgj safrimf`ka rapbshtbry bo prbdait pkfgs orbc pravhbus prbdaits.


9<8





F egbwg arrbr jftf`fsa prbvhjaj `y f vagjbr wmhim khsts ibccbg hssuas hg tmahr prbjuit fgj mbw tb rasbkva tmac.



Yehkks ranhstar, fgj typhifk fgj fgihpftaj usar sehkk kavaks.



Jhfngbsi sirhpts.



F cfgfnaj sat bo wa`-`fsaj trfhghgn ibursas.



âftmar rapbrts, gaajaj tb suppbrt ùshgass fgj HZ jaihshbg-cfehgn (obr axfcpka, fg brnfghzfbg cfy gaaj tb egbw wmatmar rfhg hs kheaky ft tma ca bo fg butjbbr avagt).



Iustbcar/usar parsbgfk hgobrcfbg, obr axfcpka tb suppbrt f `khgj usar wmb gaajs tb mfva spaihi suppbrt orbc tma sarvhia jase.

Cfgy bo tmasa egbwkajna fgj hgobrcfbg fssats fra ibgnurfbg htacs. Imfgnas tb IHs cust à ugjar tma ibgtrbk bo tma imfgna cfgfnacagt prbiass, fgj jatfhks bo tmahr frhùtas fgj rakfbgsmhps whkk à jbiucagtaj hg tma ICY.


96<



Yuccfry 

Bpchzhgn Yarvhia Zrfgshbg



Zrfgshbg \kfgghgn fgj Yuppbrt



Imfgna Cfgfnacagt



Imfgna \rbpbsfk, Imfgna Zypas, IF@, POI, Imfgna Paibrj



Yarvhia Fssat fgj Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt



IH, ICJ@, ICY, JCK,



Pakafsa fgj Japkbycagt Cfgfnacagt



Pakafsa Qght, Japkbycagt Bpbgs, Pakafsa Cbjak



Egbwkajna Cfgfnacagt



JHE^, YECY


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Fssasscagt


969



6.

^mhim bo tmasa smbukj f imfgna cbjak hgikuja2 6. Zma staps tmft smbukj à tfeag tb mfgjka tma imfgna. 0. Paspbgsh`hkhas4 wmb smbukj jb wmft, hgikujhgn asifkfbg2 9. Zhcasifkas fgj tmrasmbkjs obr ibcpkabg bo tma fibgs. :. Ibcpkfhgts fgj prbiajuras. f. 6, 0 fgj 9 bgky `. 6 fgj 0 bgky i. 0 fgj : bgky j. Fkk bo tma f`bva.

0.

^mft typa bo `fsakhga ifpturas tma struitura, ibgtagts fgj jatfhks bo tma hgorfstruitura fgj raprasagts f sat bo htacs tmft fra rakftaj tb afim btmar2 f. Ibgnurfbg @fsakhga `. \rbdait @fsakhga i. Imfgna @fsakhga j. Fssat @fsakhga.

9.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn IFGGBZ à prbjuiaj `y f tbbk2 f. Egbwkajna `. Hgobrcfbg i. ^hsjbc j. Jftf

:.

^mhim stfna bo imfgna cfgfnacagt prbiass jafks whtm wmft smbukj à jbga ho tma imfgna hs ugsuiiassouk2 f. Pacajhfbg \kfgghgn `. Iftanbrhzfbg i. \rhbrhzfbg j. Pavhaw fgj ikbsa


96:



1.

^mhim prbiass br ougibg hs raspbgsh`ka obr tma Jaghva Cajhf Kh`rfry fgj Jaghva Ypfras2 f. Ofihkhas Cfgfnacagt `. Fiiass Cfgfnacagt i. Paquast Oukkcagt j. Yarvhia Fssat fgj Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt.

?.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn stftacagts f`but Yarvhia Fssat fgj Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt hs/fra IBPPAIZ2 6. F ibgnurfbg htac (IH) ifg axhst fs pfrt bo fgy gucàr bo btmar IHs ft tma sfca ca. 0. Imbbshgn wmhim IHs tb raibrj whkk japagj bg tma kavak bo ibgtrbk fg brnfghzfbg whsmas tb axart. f. 6 bgky `. 0 bgky i. @btm bo tma f`bva j. Gahtmar bo tma f`bva.

>.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn stftacagts f`but Ytfgjfrj imfgnas fra IBPPAIZ2 6. Zmhs fpprbfim hs pra futmbrhzaj. 0. Zma rhse hs usufkky kbw fgj wakk ugjarstbbj. 9. Jatfhks bo tma imfgna whkk à raibrjaj. :. Ybca stfgjfrj imfgnas whkk à trhnnaraj `y tma raquast Oukkcagt \rbiass. f. 6 bgky `. 0 fgj 9 bgky i. 6,0 fgj 9 bgky j. Fkk bo tma f`bva.


961



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^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn nrbups smbukj mfva fiiass tb tma imfgna simajuka2 6. Yarvhia Jase 0. @ushgass Cfgfnacagt 9. Fkk HZ Ytf :. HZ Cfgfnacagt f. 0,9 fgj : bgky `. 6, 0 fgj : bgky i. 6,9 fgj : bgky j. Fkk bo tma f`bva.

8.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn stftacagts f`but f Jaghva Cajhf Kh`rfry fra IBPPAIZ2 6. Zma JCK hgikujas f pmyshifk stbra. 0. Zma JCK mbkjs jaghva mfrjwfra spfras. 9. Zma JCK hgikujas cfstar ibphas bo ibgtrbkkaj jbiucagtfbg. f. Fkk bo tma f`bva `. 6 fgj 0 bgky i. 0 fgj 9 bgky j. 6 fgj 9 bgky

6<. Obr wmhim bo tmasa fivhas hs tma imfgna cfgfnar raspbgsh`ka2 f. Imfhrhgn tma IF@ `. Astf`khsmhgn tma rbbt ifusa bo f ifpfihty hgihjagt. i. Javhshgn tma `fiebut pkfg obr f shnghifgt imfgna j. Agsurhgn tmft tma rakafsa mfs rafimaj tma tfrnat IHs.


96?



66. Ibgshjar tma obkkbwhgn stftacagts5 wmhim hs GBZ trua2 f. Imfgna Cfgfnacagt hs raspbgsh`ka obr prbvhjhgn f jatfhkaj spaihifbg bo tma aait bg IHs bo fg futmbrhsaj imfgna. `. Imfgna Cfgfnacagt eaaps f raibrj bo fkk imfgnas `y kbnnhgn, trfiehgn fgj ravhawhgn tmac. i. Imfgna Cfgfnacagt raiahvas, raibrjs fgj makps fkkbifta prhbrhas tb fkk POIs. j. Imfgna Cfgfnacagt whkk agsura tmft fjaqufta `fie-but pkfgs fra prapfraj àobra imfgnas fra hcpkacagtaj. 60. Ht hs hcpbrtfgt obr tma bparfbg bo f nhvag fppkhifbg tmft tma varshbg bo tma sbwfra hgstfkkaj bg afim bo tma ibcputars bg tma gatwbre hs tma sfca. ^mhim prbiass hs raspbgsh`ka obr tmhs2 f. Imfgna Cfgfnacagt `. Yarvhia Fssat fgj Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt i. Gatwbre Cfgfnacagt j. Pakafsa fgj Japkbycagt Cfgfnacagt


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Kafrghgn B`daivas

Far tma ibcpkabg bo tmhs cbjuka, ybu whkk à f`ka tb4 

Qgjarstfgj fgj axpkfhg tma vfkua tb tma ùshgass prbvhjaj `y Yarvhia Bparfbg.



Qgjarstfgj fgj axpkfhg tma pbshbg bo Yarvhia Bparfbg fgj mbw ht ibgtrhùtas tb tma Yarvhia Khoaiyika.



Qgjarstfgj tma eay ibgiapts fgj jaghbgs bo Yarvhia Bparfbg.



Qgjarstfgj fgj Axpkfhg tma eay prhgihpkas bo Yarvhia Bparfbg.





Qgjarstfgj fgj axpkfhg tma Yarvhia Bparfbg ougibgs bo4 4 • Yarvhia Jase. •

Zaimghifk Cfgfnacagt.

•

Fppkhifbg Cfgfnacagt.

•

HZ Bparfbgs Cfgfnacagt.

Qgjarstfgj fgj axpkfhg tma prbiassas bo4

•

Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt.

•

Avagt Cfgfnacagt.

•

Paquast Oukkkcagt.

•

\rb`kac Cfgfnacagt.

•

Fiiass Cfgfnacagt.


90<


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Yarvhia Bparfbg - \rhgihpkas



^mag ibgshjarhgn Yarvhia Bparfbg ht hs tacpgn tb obius bgky bg cfgfnhgn jfy tb jfy fivhas fgj taimgbkbny fs agjs hg tmacsakvas. Mbwavar sarvhia bparfbg axhsts whtmhg f ofr nraftar ibgtaxt.



Ht hs tmrbunm sarvhia bparfbg khoaiyika stfna tmft tma ùshgass fivhty saas fgj raiahvas vfkua orbc hts HZ hgvastcagts.

Yarvhia Bparfbg - \rhgihpkas \urpbsa4 Zma purpbsa bo Yarvhia Bparfbg hs tb ibbrjhgfta fgj ifrry but tma fivhas fgj prbiassas raquhraj tb jakhvar fgj cfgfna sarvhias ft fnraaj kavaks tb ùshgass usars fgj iustbcars. Yarvhia Bparfbg hs fksb raspbgsh`ka obr tma bgnbhgn cfgfnacagt bo tma taimgbkbny tmft hs usaj tb jakhvar fgj suppbrt sarvhias. âkk-jashngaj fgj wakk-hcpkacagtaj prbiassas whkk à bo khka vfkua ho tma jfy-tbjfy bparfbg bo tmbsa prbiassas hs gbt prbparky ibgjuitaj, ibgtrbkkaj fgj cfgfnaj. Gbr whkk sarvhia hcprbvacagts à pbssh`ka ho jfy-tb-jfy fivhas tb cbghtbr parobrcfgia, fssass catrhis fgj nftmar jftf fra gbt systacfifkky ibgjuitaj jurhgn Yarvhia Bparfbg. Ytf hgvbkvaj hg tma sarvhia bparfbg stfna bo tma sarvhia khoaiyika smbukj mfva prbiassas fgj suppbrt tbbks hg pkfia tmft fkkbw tmac tb mfva fg bvarfkk vhaw bo sarvhia bparfbg fgj jakhvary (rftmar tmfg dust tma sapfrfta ibcpbgagts, suim fs mfrjwfra, sbwfra fppkhifbgs


906



fgj gatwbres, tmft cfea up tma agj-tb-agj sarvhia orbc f ùshgass parspaiva). Zmasa prbiassas fgj tbbks smbukj fksb jatait fgy tmrafts br ofhkuras tbsarvhia qufkhty. Fs sarvhias cfy à prbvhjaj, hg wmbka br hg pfrt, `y bga br cbra pfrtgar/suppkhar brnfghzfbgs, tma sarvhia bparfbg vhaw bo tma agj-tb-agj sarvhia smbukj à axtagjaj tb agibcpfss axtargfk fspaits bo sarvhia prbvhshbg. ^mag gaiassfry, smfraj br hgtarofihgn prbiassas fgj tbbks smbukj à japkbyaj tb cfgfna irbss-brnfghzfbgfk wbrebws.


900



Yarvhia Bparfbg \rbiass

Avagt Cfgfnacagt

Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt

\rb`kac Ofgfnacagt

Paquast Oukkcagt

Fiiass cfgfnacagt


909



Yarvhia Bparfbg Ougibgs HZ bparfbgs cfgfnacagt Yarvhia jase

Fppkhifbg cfgfnacagt

Zaimghifk cfgfnacagt Cfhgorfca

Yarvar

Gatwbre

Ytbrfna

HZ bparfbgs ibgtrbk Ibgsbka cfgfnacagt/ bparfbgs `rhjna Db` simajukhgn @fieup fgj rastbra \rhgt fgj butput cfgfnacagt Ofihkhas cfgfnacagt Paibvary shtas Ibgtrfits Jftf iagtars Ibgsbkhjfbg

Ohgfgihfk fpps MP fpps @ushgass fpps

Jftf`fsa Jhraitbry sarvhias

Jasetbp

Chjjkawfra

Hgtargat/wa`


90:



Yarvhia Bparfbg ’ @fshi Ibgiapts fgj Jaghbgs

Avagt4

Fg avagt ifg à jagaj fs fgy imfgna bo stfta tmft mfs shnghifgia obr tma cfgfnacagt bo f ibgnurfbg htac (IH) br HZ sarvhia. Avagts fra typhifkky raibnghzaj tmrbunm gbif bgs iraftaj`y fg HZ sarvhia, IH br cbghtbrhgn tbbk.

Fkart4

F gbifbg tmft f tmrasmbkj mfs àag rafimaj, sbcatmhgn mfs imfgnaj, br f ofhkura mfs biiurraj. Fkarts fra bag iraftaj fgj cfgfnaj `y systac cfgfnacagt tbbks fgj fra cfgfnaj `y tma avagt cfgfnacagt prbiass.

Fg ugpkfggaj hgtarrupbg tb fg HZ sarvhia br rajuibg hg tma qufkhty bo fg HZ

Hgihjagt4 sarvhia. Ofhkura bo f ibgnurfbg htac tmft mfs gbt yat faitaj sarvhia hs fksb fg hgihjagt ’ obr axfcpka, ofhkura bo bga jhse orbc f chrrbr sat.

Yarvhia Bparfbg ’ @fshi Ibgiapts fgj Jaghbgs Fkart4F gbifbg tmft f tmrasmbkj mfs àag rafimaj, sbcatmhgn mfs imfgnaj, br f ofhkura mfs biiurraj. Fkarts fra bag iraftaj fgj cfgfnaj `y tma systacs cfgfnacagt tbbks fgj fra cfgfnaj `y tma avagt cfgfnacagt prbiass. Avagt4 F imfgna bo stfta tmft mfs shnghifgia obr tma cfgfnacagt bo fg HZ sarvhia br btmar ibgnurfbg htac. Zma tarcs hs fksb usaj tb cafg fg fkart br gbifbg iraftaj `y fgy HZ sarvhia, ibgnurfbg htac br cbghtbrhgn tbbk.

Hgihjagt4 Fg ugpkfggaj hgtarrupbg tb fg HZ sarvhia br rajuibg hg tma qufkhty bo fg HZ sarvhia. Ofhkura bo f ibgnurfbg htac tmft mfs gbt yat faitaj sarvhia hs fksb fg hgihjagt ’ obr axfcpka, ofhkura bo bga jhse orbc f chrrbr sat.


901



Yarvhia Bparfbg ’ @fshi Ibgiapts fgj Jaghbgs ^brefrbugj4 Pajuihgn br akhchgfgn tma hcpfit bo fg hgihjagt br prb`kac obr wmhim f oukk rasbkubg hs gbt yat fvfhkf`ka. Yarvhia Paquast4 F obrcfk raquast orbc f usar obr sbcatmhgn tb à prbvhjaj .

\rhbrhty4 F iftanbry usaj tb hjagoy tma rakfva hcpbrtfgia bo fg hgihjagt, prb`kac br imfgna. \rhbrhty hs `fsaj bg hcpfit fgj urnagiy, fgj hs usaj tb hjagoy raquhraj cas obr fibgs tb à tfeag. A], tma YKF cfy stfta tmft \rhbrhty 0 hgihjagts cust à rasbkvaj whtmhg 60 mburs. Qrnagiy4 F cafsura bo mbw kbgn ht whkk à ugk fg hgihjagt, prb`kac br imfgna mfs f shnghifgt hcpfit bg tma ùshgass. A], f mhnm-hcpfit hgihjagt cfy mfva kbw urnagiy ho tma hcpfit whkk gbt fait tma ùshgass ugk tma agj bo tma gfgihfk yafr.

Yarvhia Bparfbg ’ @fshi Ibgiapts fgj Jaghbgs ^brefrbugj4Pajuihgn br akhchgfgn tma hcpfit bo fg hgihjagt br prb`kac obr wmhim f oukk rasbkubg hs gbt yat fvfhkf`ka. ^brefrbugjs obr prb`kacs fra jbiucagtaj hg egbwg arrbr raibrjs. ^brefrbugjs obr hgihjagts tmft jb gbt mfva fssbihftaj prb`kac raibrjs fra jbiucagtaj hg tma hgihjagt raibrj.

Yarvhia Paquast4 F obrcfk raquast orbc f usar obr sbcatmhgn tb à prbvhjaj ’ obr axfcpka, f raquast obr hgobrcfbg br fjvhia5 tb rasat f pfsswbrj5 br tb hgstfkk f wbrestfbg obr f gaw usar. Yarvhia raquasts fra cfgfnaj `y tma raquast oukkcagt prbiass, usufkky hg ibgdugibg © Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

90?



whtm tma sarvhia jase. Yarvhia raquasts cfy à khgeaj tb f raquast obr imfgna fs pfrt bo oukkkhgn tma raquast.

Qrnagiy4 F cafsura bo mbw kbgn ht whkk à ugk fg hgihjagt, prb`kac br imfgna mfs shnghifgt hcpfit bg tma ùshgass. Obr axfcpka, f mhnm hcpfit hgihjagt cfy mfva kbw urnagiy ho tma hcpfit whkk gbt fait tma ùshgass ugk tma agj bo tma gfgihfk yafr. Hcpfit fgj urnagiy fra usaj tb fsshng prhbrhty.

\rhbrhty4 F iftanbry usaj tb hjagoy tma rakfva hcpbrtfgia bo fg hgihjagt, prb`kac br imfgna. \rhbrhty hs `fsaj bg hcpfit fgj urnagiy, fgj hs usaj tb hjagoy raquhraj cas obr fibg tb à tfeag.


90>



Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt \rbiass

\urpbsa4 Zma purpbsa bo hgihjagt cfgfnacagt hs tb rastbra gbrcfk sarvhia bparfbg fs quhieky fs pbssh`ka fgj chghchza tma fjvarsa hcpfit bg ùshgass bparfbgs, tmus agsurhgn tmft fnraaj kavaks bo sarvhia qufkhty fra cfhgtfhgaj.

B`daiva4 Hgirafsa vhsh`hkhty fgj ibccughifbg bo hgihjagts tb ùshgass fgj HZ suppbrt stf .

Agmfgia ùshgass pariapbg bo HZ tmrbunm usa bo f prboasshbgfk fpprbfim hg quhieky rasbkvhgn fgj ibccughifgn hgihjagts wmag tmay biiur.

Fkhng hgihjagt cfgfnacagt fivhas fgj prhbrhas whtm tmbsa bo tma ùshgass.

Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt \rbiass \urpbsa4 Zma purpbsa bo hgihjagt cfgfnacagt hs tb rastbra gbrcfk sarvhia bparfbg fs quhieky fs pbssh`ka fgj chghchza tma fjvarsa hcpfit bg ùshgass bparfbgs, tmus agsurhgn tmft fnraaj kavaks bo sarvhia qufkhty fra cfhgtfhgaj. ”Gbrcfk sarvhia bparfbg‘ hs jagaj fs fg bparfbgfk stfta wmara sarvhias fgj IHs fra parobrchgn whtmhg tmahr fnraaj sarvhia fgj bparfbgfk kavaks.


90=



B`daivas4 Zma b`daivas bo tma hgihjagt cfgfnacagt prbiass fra tb4 

Agsura tmft stfgjfrjhzaj catmbjs fgj prbiajuras frausaj obr aihagt fgj prbcpt raspbgsa, fgfkyshs, jbiucagtfbg, bgnbhgn cfgfnacagt fgj rapbrgn bo hgihjagts.



Hgirafsa vhsh`hkhty fgj ibccughifbg bo hgihjagts tb ùshgass fgj HZ suppbrt stf.



Agmfgia ùshgass pariapbg bo HZ tmrbunm usa bo f prboasshbgfk fpprbfim hg quhieky rasbkvhgn fgj ibccughifgn hgihjagts wmag tmay biiur.



Fkhng hgihjagt cfgfnacagt fivhas fgj prhbrhas whtm tmbsa bo tma ùshgass.



Cfhgtfhg usar sfsofibg whtm tma qufkhty bo HZ sarvhias.


908



Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Yibpa4

Zmhs hgikujas fgy avagt wmhim jhsrupts, br wmhim ibukj jhsrupt, f sarvhia.

Hgihjagts ifg fksb à rapbrtaj fgj/br kbnnaj `y taimghifk stf.

@btm hgihjagts fgj sarvhia raquasts fra rapbrtaj tb tma sarvhia jase, tmhs jbas gbt cafg tmft tmay fra tma sfca.

Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Yibpa4 Hgihjagt cfgfnacagt hgikujas fgy avagt wmhim jhsrupts, br wmhim ibukj jhsrupt, f sarvhia. Zmhs hgikujas avagts wmhim fra ibccughiftaj jhraitky `y usars, ahtmar tmrbunm tma sarvhia jase br tmrbunm fg hgtarofia orbc avagt cfgfnacagt tb hgihjagt cfgfnacagt tbbks. Hgihjagts ifg fksb à rapbrtaj fgj/br kbnnaj `y taimghifk stf (ho, obr axfcpka, tmay gbia sbcatmhgn ugtbwfrj whtm f mfrjwfra br gatwbre ibcpbgagt tmay cfy rapbrt br kbn fg hgihjagt fgj raoar ht tb tma sarvhia jase). Zmhs jbas gbt cafg, mbwavar, tmft fkk avagts fra hgihjagts. Cfgy ikfssas bo avagts fra gbt rakftaj tb jhsrupbgs ft fkk, ùt fra hgjhiftbrs bo gbrcfk bparfbg br fra shcpky hgobrcfbgfk. Fktmbunm `btm hgihjagts fgj sarvhia raquasts fra rapbrtaj tb tma sarvhia jase, tmhs jbas gbt cafg tmft tmay fra tma sfca. Yarvhia raquasts jb gbt raprasagt f jhsrupbg tb fnraaj sarvhia, ùt fra f wfy bo caagn tma iustbcar‘s gaajs fgj cfy à fjjrasshgn fg fnraaj tfrnat hg fg YKF. Yarvhia raquasts fra jafkt whtm `y tma raquast oukkcagt prbiass.


99<



Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt ’ @fshi Ibgiapts

Zhcasifkas cust à fnraaj obr fkk hgihjagt-mfgjkhgn stfnas (tmasa whkk jhar japagjhgn upbg tma prhbrhty kavak bo tma hgihjagt) ’ `fsaj upbg tma bvarfkk Zhcasifkas4 hgihjagt raspbgsa fgj rasbkubg tfrnats whtmhg YKFs ’ fgj ifpturaj fs tfrnats whtmhg BKFs fgj Qgjarphgghgn Ibgtrfits (QIs).

Hgihjagt Cbjaks4

Cfgy hgihjagts fra gbt gaw ’ tmay hgvbkva jafkhgn whtm sbcatmhgn tmft mfs mfppagaj àobra fgj cfy wakk mfppag fnfhg. Obr tmhs rafsbg, cfgy brnfghzfbgs whkk gj ht makpouk tb pra-jaga ”stfgjfrj‘ Hgihjagt Cbjaks ’ fgj fppky tmac tb fpprbprhfta hgihjagts wmag tmay biiur.

F sapfrfta prbiajura, whtm smbrtar casifkas fgj nraftar urnagiy, cust à usaj obr ”cfdbr‘ hgihjagts. F jaghbg boft wm ibgstutas f cfdbr hgihjagt cust Cfdbr hgihjagts4 à fnraaj fgj hjafkky cfppaj bg tb tma bvarfkk hgihjagt prhbrhzfbg systac ’ suim tmft tmay whkk à jafkt whtm tmrbunm tma cfdbr hgihjagt prbiass.

Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt ’ @fshi Ibgiapts \rhgihpkas fgj `fshi ibgiapts4 Zmara fra sbca `fshi tmhgns tmft gaaj tb à tfeag hgtb fiibugt fgj jaihjaj wmag ibgshjarhgn Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt. Zmasa fra ibvaraj hg tmhs saibg. Zhcasifkas4 Zhcasifkas cust à fnraaj obr fkk hgihjagt-mfgjkhgn stfnas (tmasa whkk jhar japagjhgn upbg tma prhbrhty kavak bo tma hgihjagt) ’ `fsaj upbg tma bvarfkk hgihjagt raspbgsa fgj rasbkubg tfrnats whtmhg YKFs ’ fgj ifpturaj fs tfrnats whtmhg BKFs fgj Qgjarphgghgn Ibgtrfits (QIs). Fkk suppbrt nrbups smbukj à cfja oukky fwfra bo tmasa casifkas. Yarvhia Cfgfnacagt tbbks smbukj à usaj tb futbcfta casifkas fgj asifkfta tma hgihjagt fs raquhraj `fsaj bg prajagaj rukas.


996



Hgihjagt Cbjaks4 Cfgy hgihjagts fra gbt gaw ’ tmay hgvbkva jafkhgn whtm sbcatmhgn tmft mfs mfppagaj àobra fgj cfy wakk mfppag fnfhg. Obr tmhs rafsbg, cfgy brnfghzfbgs whkk gj ht makpouk tb pra-jaga ”stfgjfrj‘ Hgihjagt Cbjaks ’ fgj fppky tmac tb fpprbprhfta hgihjagts wmag tmay biiur. Fg Hgihjagt Cbjak hs f wfy bo pra-jaghgn tma staps tmft smbukj à tfeag tb mfgjka f prbiass (hg tmhs ifsa f prbiass obr jafkhgn whtm f pfriukfr typa bo hgihjagt) hg fg fnraaj wfy. Yuppbrt tbbks ifg tmag à usaj tb cfgfna tma raquhraj prbiass. Zmhs whkk agsura tmft ”stfgjfrj‘ hgihjagts fra mfgjkaj hg f prajagaj pftm fgj whtmhg pra-jagaj casifkas. Hgihjagts wmhim wbukj raquhra spaihfkhzaj mfgjkhgn ifg à traftaj hg tmhs wfy (obr axfcpka, saiurhty-rakftaj hgihjagts ifg à rbutaj tb Hgobrcfbg Yaiurhty Cfgfnacagt fgj ifpfihtybr parobrcfgia-rakftaj hgihjagts tmft wbukj à rbutaj tb Ifpfihty Cfgfnacagt. Zma Hgihjagt Cbjak smbukj hgikuja4 

Zma staps tmft smbukj à tfeag tb mfgjka tma hgihjagt.



Zma imrbgbkbnhifk brjar tmasa staps smbukj à tfeag hg, whtm fgy japagjagias br ibprbiasshgn jagaj.



Paspbgsh`hkhas4 wmb smbukj jb wmft.



Zhcasifkas fgj tmrasmbkjs obr ibcpkabg bo tma fibgs.



Asifkfbg prbiajuras5 wmb smbukj à ibgtfitaj fgj wmag.



Fgy gaiassfry avhjagia-prasarvfbg fivhas (pfriukfrky rakavfgt obr saiurhty- fgj ifpfihty-rakftaj hgihjagts).

Zma cbjaks smbukj à hgput tb tma hgihjagt-mfgjkhgn suppbrt tbbks hg usa fgj tma tbbks smbukj

tmag futbcfta tma mfgjkhgn, cfgfnacagt fgj asifkfbg bo tma prbiass.

Cfdbr hgihjagts4 F sapfrfta prbiajura, whtm smbrtar casifkas fgj nraftar urnagiy, cust à usaj obr ”cfdbr‘ hgihjagts. F jaghbg bo wmft ibgstutas f cfdbr hgihjagt cust à fnraaj fgj hjafkky cfppaj bg tb tma bvarfkk hgihjagt prhbrhzfbg systac ’ suim tmft tmay whkk à jafkt whtm tmrbunm tma cfdbr hgihjagt prbiass. Gbta4 \abpka sbcacas usa kbbsa tarchgbkbny fgj/br ibgousa f cfdbr hgihjagt whtm f prb`kac. Hg rafkhty, fg hgihjagt racfhgs fg hgihjagt obravar ’ ht cfy nrbw hg hcpfit br prhbrhty tb àibca f cfdbr hgihjagt, ùt fg hgihjagt gavar ”àibcas‘ f prb`kac. F prb`kac hs tma ugjarkyhgn ifusa bo bga br cbra hgihjagts fgj racfhgs f sapfrfta agty fkwfys!


990



Ybca kbwar-prhbrhty hgihjagts cfy fksb mfva tb à mfgjkaj tmrbunm tmhs prbiajura ’ jua tb pbtagfk ùshgass hcpfit ’ fgj sbca cfdbr hgihjagts cfy gbt gaaj tb à mfgjkaj hg tmhs wfy ho tma ifusa fgj rasbkubgs fra b`vhbus fgj tma gbrcfk hgihjagt prbiass ifg afshky ibpa whtmhg fnraaj tfrnat rasbkubg cas ’ prbvhjaj tma hcpfit racfhgs kbw! ^mara gaiassfry, tma cfdbr hgihjagt prbiajura smbukj hgikuja tma jygfchi astf`khsmcagt bo f sapfrfta cfdbr hgihjagt tafc ugjar tma jhrait kafjarsmhp bo tma Hgihjagt Cfgfnar, obrcukftaj tb ibgiagtrfta bg tmhs hgihjagt fkbga tb agsura tmft fjaqufta rasburias fgj obius fra prbvhjaj tb gjhgn f swh rasbkubg. Ho tma Yarvhia Jase Cfgfnar hs fksb oukkkhgn tma rbka bo Hgihjagt Cfgfnar (sfy hg f scfkk brnfghzfbg), tmag f sapfrfta parsbg cfy gaaj tb à jashngftaj tb kafj tma cfdbr hgihjagt hgvasnfbg tafc ’ sb fs tb fvbhj ibghit bo ca br prhbrhas ’ ùt smbukj ukcftaky rapbrt `fie tb tma Hgihjagt Cfgfnar. Ho tma ifusa bo tma hgihjagt gaajs tb à hgvasnftaj ft tma sfca ca, tmag tma \rb`kac Cfgfnar wbukj à hgvbkvaj fs wakk ùt tma Hgihjagt Cfgfnar cust agsura tmft sarvhia rastbrfbg fgj ugjarkyhgn ifusa fra eapt sapfrfta. Zmrbunmbut, tma Yarvhia Jase wbukj agsura tmft fkk fivhas fra raibrjaj fgj usars fra eapt oukky hgobrcaj bo prbnrass. ^mhka tma sarvhia jase cfy à fiibugtf`ka obr agsurhgn tmft tma hgihjagt/cfdbr hgihjagt raibrj hs fkwfys up-tb-jfta, raspbgsh`hkhty cfy fksb kha aksawmara (suim fs whtm tma btmar taimghifk tafcs).

Hgihjagt stftus trfiehgn4 Hgihjagts smbukjà trfieaj tmrbunmbut tmahr khoaiyika tb suppbrt prbpar mfgjkhgn fgj rapbrgn bg tma stftus bo hgihjagts. ^htmhg tma hgihjagt cfgfnacagt systac, stftus ibjas cfy à khgeaj tb hgihjagts tb hgjhifta wmara tmay fra hg rakfbg tb tma khoaiyika. Axfcpkas bo tmasa chnmt hgikuja4 

Bpag Fg hgihjagt mfs àag raibnghzaj ùt gbt yat fsshngaj tb f suppbrt rasburia obr rasbkubg



Hg prbnrass Zma hgihjagt hs hg tma prbiass bo àhgn hgvasnftaj fgj rasbkvaj



Pasbkvaj F rasbkubg mfs àag put hg pkfia obr tma hgihjagt ùt gbrcfk stfta sarvhia bparfbg mfs gbt yat à



Ikbsaj Zma usar br ùshgass mfs nraaj tmft tma hgihjagt mfs àag rasbkvaj fgj tmft gbrcfk stfta bparfbgs mfva àag rastbraj.


999



Axpfgjaj hgihjagt khoaiyika4 HZHK Yarvhia Jashng fgj HZHK Ibggufk Yarvhia Hcprbvacagt jasirhà tma axpfgjaj hgihjagt khoaiyika wmhim ifg à usaj tb makp ugjarstfgj fkk ibgtrhùbgs tb tma hcpfit bo hgihjagts fgj tb pkfg obr mbw tmasa ibukj à ibgtrbkkaj br rajuiaj.


99:



Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Avagt cfgfnacagt

â` hgtarofia

\m bg aIfk k

Acfh k Hs tmhs rafkky fg hgihjagt2 Xas

Gb

Hgihjagt kbnnhgn

Hgihjagt hjagﬆifbg

Zb raquast oukﬆkcagt (ho tmhs hs f sarvhia raquast) br sarvhia pbrbkhb cfgfnacagt (ho tmhs hs f imfgna prbpbsfk)

Hgihjagt iftanbrhzfbg

Hgihjagt prhbrhzfbg

Cfdbr hgihjagt prbiajura

Xas

Cfdbr hgihjagt Gb Hghfk jhfngbshs

Ougibgfk asifkfbg

X as

Ougibgfk asifkfbg

X as

Asifkfbg Gaajaj2

Gb

Gb

Mharfrimhi asifkfbg

Hgvasnfbg Fgj jhfngbshs

Gb

Cfgfnacagt asifkfbg

X as

Gb

Pasbkubg hjagﬆaj2 Xas Pasbkubg fgj raibvary Hgihjagt ikbsura

Agj

Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Fivhas4 Hgihjagt hjagifbg4 ^mhka wbre ifggbt ànhg bg jafkhgn whtm fg hgihjagt ugk ht hs egbwg tmft fg hgihjagt mfs biiurraj, ht hs usufkky ugfiiaptf`ka, orbc f ùshgass parspaiva, tb wfht ugk f usar hs hcpfitaj fgj ibgtfits tma sarvhia jase. Fs ofr fs pbssh`ka, fkk eay ibcpbgagts smbukj à cbghtbraj sb tmft ofhkuras br pbtagfk ofhkuras fra jataitaj afrky. Zmhs cafgs tmft tma hgihjagt cfgfnacagt prbiass ifg à stfrtaj quhieky. Hjafkky, hgihjagts smbukj à rasbkvaj àobra tmay mfva fg hcpfit bg usars! Hgihjagt kbnnhgn4 Fkk hgihjagts cust à oukky kbnnaj fgj jfta/ca stfcpaj, ranfrjkass bo wmatmar tmay fra rfhsaj tmrbunm f sarvhia jase takapmbga ifkk, futbcfifkky jataitaj vhf fg avagt fkart, br orbc fgy btmar sburia. Fkk rakavfgt hgobrcfbg rakfgn tb tma gftura bo tma hgihjagt cust à kbnnaj sb tmft f oukk mhstbrhifk raibrj hs cfhgtfhgaj ’ fgj sb tmft ho tma © Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

991



hgihjagt mfs tb à raoarraj tb btmar suppbrt nrbup(s), tma whkk mfva fkk rakavfgt hgobrcfbg tb mfgj tb fsshst tmac. Zma hgobrcfbg gaajaj obr afim hgihjagt ifg hgikuja4 

Qghqua raoaragia gucàr Ho sarvhia jase fgj/br suppbrt stf vhsht tma iustbcars tb jafk whtm bga hgihjagt, tmay cfy à fseaj tb jafk whtm ourtmar hgihjagts ”wmhka tmay. Ht hs hcpbrtfgt tmft ho tmhs hs jbga, f sapfrfta hgihjagt raibrj hs kbnnaj obr afim fjjhbgfk hgihjagt mfgjkaj, tb agsura tmft f mhstbrhifk raibrj hs eapt fgj irajht hs nhvag obr tma wbre ugjartfeag.



Hgihjagt iftanbrhzfbg (bag`rbeag jbwg hgtb àtwaag twb fgj obur su`-iftanbrhas).



Hgihjagt urnagiy.



Hgihjagt hcpfit.



Hgihjagt prhbrhzfbg.



Jfta/ca raibrjaj.



Gfca/HJ bo tma parsbg fgj/br nrbup raibrjhgn tma hgihjagt.



Catmbj bo gbifbg (takapmbga, futbcfi, acfhk, hg parsbg ati.).



Gfca/japfrtcagt/pmbga/kbifbg bo usar.



Ifkk-`fie catmbj (takapmbga, cfhk ati.).



Jasirhpbg bo sycptbcs.



Hgihjagt stftus (fiva, wfhgn, ikbsaj ati.).



Pakftaj IH.



Yuppbrt nrbup/parsbg tb wmhim tma hgihjagt hs fkkbiftaj.



Pakftaj prb`kac/egbwg arrbr.



Fivhas ugjartfeag tb rasbkva tma hgihjagt fgj wmag tmasa tbbe pkfia.



Pasbkubg jfta fgj ca.


99?





Ikbsura iftanbry.



Ikbsura jfta fgj ca.

Gbta tmft ho tma sarvhia jase jbas gbt wbre 0:/> fgj raspbgsh`hkhty obr rst-khga hgihjagt kbnnhgn fgj mfgjkhgn pfssas tb fgbtmar nrbup, suim fs HZ bparfbgs br gatwbre suppbrt, but bo sarvhia jase mburs, tmag tmasa stf gaaj tb à aqufkky rhnbrbus f`but kbnnhgn bo hgihjagt jatfhks. Oukk trfhghgn fgj fwfragass gaajs tb à prbvhjaj tb suim stf bg tmhs hssua. Fs ourtmar fivhas tb rasbkva fg hgihjagt biiur, tma hgihjagt raibrj smbukj à upjftaj whtm rakavfgt hgobrcfbg fgj jatfhks sb tmft f oukk mhstbry hs cfhgtfhgaj. Axfcpkas bo tmhs chnmt hgikuja imfgnhgn tma iftanbrhzfbg br prhbrhty bgia ourtmar jhfngbshs br asifkfbg fivhas mfva biiurraj.

Hgihjagt iftanbrhzfbg4 \frt bo tma hghfk kbnnhgn cust à tb fkkbifta suhtf`ka hgihjagt iftanbrhzfbg ibjhgn sb tmft tma axfit typa bo hgihjagt hs raibrjaj. Zmhs whkk à hcpbrtfgt kftar wmag kbbehgn ft hgihjagt typas/ oraquagihas tb astf`khsm tragjs obr usa hg prb`kac cfgfnacagt, suppkhar cfgfnacagt fgj btmar HZYC fivhas. Gbta tmft tma imaie obr sarvhia raquasts hg tmhs prbiass jbas gbt hcpky tmft sarvhia raquasts fra hgihjagts. Zmhs hs shcpky raibnghbg bo tma ofit tmft sarvhia raquasts fra sbcacas hgibrraitky kbnnaj fs hgihjagts (a.n. f usar hgibrraitky agtars tma raquast fs fg hgihjagt orbc tma wa` hgtarofia). Zmhs imaie whkk jatait fgy suim raquasts fgj agsura tmft tmay fra pfssaj tb tma raquast oukkcagt prbiass. Hgihjagt iftanbrhzfbg cfy imfgna tmrbunmbut tma khoaiyika bo fg hgihjagt. Obr axfcpka, upbg jhsibvary fgj kbnnhgn bo tma hgihjagt, hghfk iftanbrhas cfy raait sycptbcs (a.n. ”sarvhia ugfvfhkf`ka‘ br ”parobrcfgia skbw‘). Qpbg kftar fgfkyshs, iftanbrhas cfy raait tma fitufk IHs ft ofukt suim fs ”sarvar‘ br ”jhse jrhva‘. Obr tmhs rafsbg, cuk-kavak iftanbrhzfbg ifg à usaj tb hjagoy cukpka kavaks bo iftanbrhas tmft ifg à fssbihftaj whtm fg hgihjagt. Zma ifpf`hkhty tb trfie imbsag iftanbrhas fs tmay imfgna tmrbunmbut tma khoaiyika bo fg hgihjagt cfy fksb prbva usaouk wmag kbbehgn obr pbtagfk hcprbvacagts. Cuk-kavak iftanbrhzfbg hs fvfhkf`ka hg cbst tbbks ’ usufkky tb tmraa br obur kavaks bo nrfgukfrhty. Fkk brnfghzfbgs fra ughqua fgj ht hs tmaraobra jhiukt tb nhva nagarhi nuhjfgia bg tma iftanbrhas fg brnfghzfbg smbukj usa, pfriukfrky ft tma kbwar kavaks. Mbwavar, tmara hs f


99>



taimghqua tmft ifg à usaj tb fsshst fg brnfghzfbg fimhava f ibrrait fgj ibcpkata sat bo iftanbrhas ’ ho tmay fra stfrgn orbc sirftim! Zma staps hgvbkva4 h.

Mbkj f `rfhgstbrchgn sasshbg fcbgn tma rakavfgt suppbrt nrbups, hgvbkvhgn tma sarvhia jase suparvhsbr fgj hgihjagt fgj prb`kac cfgfnars.

hh.

Qsa tmhs sasshbg tb jaihja tma ”àst nuass‘ tbp kavak iftanbrhas, hjafkky whtm tma iustbcar hg chgj, sb tmft sarvhia (br wbrst ifsa, fppkhifbg) mafjs tma khst ’ fgj hgikuja fg ”btmar‘ iftanbry. Yat up tma rakavfgt kbnnhgn tbbks tb usa tmasa iftanbrhas obr f trhfk parhbj.

hhh.

Qsa tma iftanbrhas obr f smbrt trhfk parhbj (kbgn agbunm obr savarfk mugjraj hgihjagts tb ofkk hgtb afim iftanbry, ùt gbt tbb kbgn tmft fg fgfkyshs whkk tfea tbb kbgn tb parobrc).

hv.

\arobrc fg fgfkyshs bo tma hgihjagts kbnnaj jurhgntma trhfk parhbj. Zma gucàr bo hgihjagts kbnnaj hg afim mhnmar-kavak iftanbry whkk ibgrc wmatmar tma iftanbrhas fra wbrtm mfvhgn ’ fgj f cbra jatfhkaj fgfkyshs bo tma ”btmar‘ iftanbry smbukj fkkbw hjagifbg bo fgy fjjhbgfk mhnmar-kavak iftanbrhas tmft whkk à gaajaj.

v.

F `rafejbwg fgfkyshs bo tma hgihjagts whtmhg afim mhnmar-kavak iftanbry smbukj à usaj tb jaihja tma kbwar-kavak iftanbrhas tmft whkk à raquhraj.

vh.

Pavhaw fgj rapaft tmasa fivhas far f ourtmar parhbj bo, sfy, bga tb tmraa cbgtms fgj fnfhg ravhaw ranukfrky tb agsura tmft tmay racfhg rakavfgt. @a fwfra tmft fgy shnghifgt imfgnas tb iftanbrhzfbg cfy ifusa sbca jhiukas obr hgihjagt tragjhgn br cfgfnacagt rapbrgn, sb tmay smbukj à stf`hkhzaj ugkass imfgnas fra naguhgaky raquhraj.

Ho fg axhsgn iftanbrhzfbg simaca hs hg usa, ùt hs gbt tmbunmt tb à wbrehgn sfsofitbrhky, tma `fshi hjaf bo tma taimghqua sunnastaj f`bva ifg à usaj tb ravhaw fgj fcagj tma axhsgn simaca.

Hghfk jhfngbshs4 Ho tma hgihjagt mfs àag rbutaj vhf tma sarvhia jase, tma sarvhia jase fgfkyst cust ifrry but hghfk jhfngbshs, typhifkky wmhka tma usar hs skk bg tma takapmbga ’ ho tma ifkk hs rfhsaj hg tmhs wfy ’ tb try tb jhsibvar tma oukk sycptbcs bo tma hgihjagt fgj tb jatarchga axfitky wmft mfs nbga wrbgn fgj mbw tb ibrrait ht. Ht hs ft tmhs stfna tmft jhfngbsi sirhpts fgj egbwg arrbr hgobrcfbg ifg à cbst vfkuf`ka hg fkkbwhgn afrkhar fgj fiiurfta jhfngbshs.


99=



Ho pbssh`ka, tma sarvhia jase fgfkyst ifg rasbkva fg hgihjagt wmhka tma usar hs skk bg tma takapmbga ’ fgj ikbsa tma hgihjagt ho tma rasbkubg fgj raibvary fra fnraaj tb à suiiassouk. Ho tma sarvhia jase fgfkyst ifggbt rasbkva tma hgihjagt wmhka tma usar hs skk bg tma takapmbga, ùt tmara hs f prbspait tmft tma sarvhia jase cfy à f`ka tb jb sb whtmhg tma fnraaj ca khcht whtmbut makp orbc btmar suppbrt nrbups, tma fgfkyst smbukj hgobrc tma usar bo tmahr hgtagbgs, nhva tma usar tma hgihjagt raoaragia gucàr fgj facpt tb gj f rasbkubg.

Hgvasnfbg fgj jhfngbshs4 F rapbrtaj hgihjagt hs kheaky tb raquhra sbca janraa bo hgvasnfbg fgj jhfngbshs. Afim bo tma suppbrt nrbups hgvbkvaj whtm tma hgihjagt mfgjkhgn whkk hgvasnfta fgj jhfngbsa wmft mfs nbga wrbgn ’ fgj fkk suim fivhas (hgikujhgn jatfhks bo fgy fibgs tfeag tb try tb rasbkva br rairafta tma hgihjagt) smbukj à oukky jbiucagtaj hg tma hgihjagt raibrj sb tmft f ibcpkata mhstbrhifk raibrj bo fkk fivhas hs cfhgtfhgaj ft fkk cas. Gbta tmft vfkuf`ka ca ifg bag à kbst ho hgvasnfbg fgj jhfngbsi fibg (br hgjaaj rasbkubg br raibvary fibgs) fra parobrcaj sarhfkky. ^mara pbssh`ka, suim fivhas smbukj à parobrcaj hg pfrfkkak tb rajuia bvarfkk casifkas ’ fgj suppbrt tbbks smbukj à jashngaj fgj/ br sakaitaj tb fkkbw tmhs. Mbwavar, ifra smbukj à tfeag tb ibbrjhgfta fivhas, pfriukfrky rasbkubg br raibvary fivhas, btmarwhsa tma fibgs bo jharagt nrbups cfy ibghit br ourtmar ibcpkhifta f rasbkubg! Zmhs hgvasnfbg hs kheaky tb hgikuja suim fibgs fs4 

Astf`khsmhgn axfitky wmft mfsnbga wrbgn br hs àhgn sbunmt `y tma usar.



Qgjarstfgjhgn tma imrbgbkbnhifk brjar bo avagts.



Ibgrchgn tma oukk hcpfit bo tma hgihjagt, hgikujhgn tma gucàr fgj rfgna bo usars faitaj.



Hjagoyhgn fgy avagts tmft ibukj mfva trhnnaraj tma hgihjagt (a.n. f raiagt imfgna, sbca usar fibg2).



Jatfhkaj egbwkajna safrimas kbbehgn obr pravhbus biiurragias `y safrimhgn hgihjagt/ prb`kac raibrjs fgj/br egbwg arrbr jftf`fsas (EAJ@s) br cfguofiturars‘/suppkhars‘ arrbr kbns br egbwkajna jftf`fsas. Zmasa cftimas cfy gbt mfva àag b`vhbus jurhgn hghfk jhfngbshs.


998



Pasbkubg fgj raibvary4 ^mag f pbtagfk rasbkubg mfs àag hjagaj, tmhs smbukj à fppkhaj fgj tastaj. Zma spaihi fibgs tb à ugjartfeag fgj tma pabpka wmb whkk à hgvbkvaj hg tfehgn tma raibvary fibgs cfy vfry, japagjhgn upbg tma gftura bo tma ofukt, ùt ibukj hgvbkva4 







Fsehgn tma usar tb ugjartfea jhraitaj fivhas bg tmahr bwg jasetbp br racbta aquhpcagt . Zma sarvhia jase hcpkacaggn tma rasbkubg ahtmar iagtrfkky (sfy, ra`bbgn f sarvar) br racbtaky ushgn sbwfra tb tfea ibgtrbk bo tma usar‘s jasetbp tb jhfngbsa fgj hcpkacagt f rasbkubg. Ypaihfkhst suppbrt nrbups àhgn fseaj tb hcpkacagt spaihi raibvary fibgs (a.n. gatwbre suppbrt raibgnurhgn f rbutar). F tmhrj-pfrty suppkhar br cfhgtfhgar àhgn fseaj tb rasbkva tma ofukt.

Avag wmag f rasbkubg mfs àag obugj, suihagt tasgn cust à parobrcaj tb agsura tmft raibvary fibg hs ibcpkata fgj tmft gbrcfk stfta sarvhia bparfbg mfs àag rastbraj. Gbta tmft hg sbca ifsas ht cfy à gaiassfry obr twb br cbra nrbups tb tfea sapfrfta, tmbunm parmfps ibbrjhgftaj, raibvary fibgs obr fg bvarfkk rasbkubg tb à hcpkacagtaj. Hg suim ifsas hgihjagt cfgfnacagt cust ibbrjhgfta tma fivhas fgj khfhsa whtm fkk pfras hgvbkvaj. Panfrjkass bo tma fibgs tfeag, br wmb jbas tmac, tma hgihjagt raibrj cust à upjftaj fiibrjhgnky whtm fkk rakavfgt hgobrcfbg fgj jatfhks sb tmft f oukk mhstbry hs cfhgtfhgaj. Zma rasbkvhgn nrbup smbukj pfss tma hgihjagt `fie tb tma sarvhia jase obr ikbsura fibg.

Hgihjagt ikbsura4 Zma sarvhia jase smbukj imaie tmft tma hgihjagt hs oukky rasbkvaj fgj tmft tma usars fra sfsaj fgj whkkhgn tb fnraa tma hgihjagt ifg à ikbsaj. Zma sarvhia jase smbukj fksb imaie tma obkkbwhgn4 

Ikbsura iftanbrhzfbg4 Imaie fgj ibgrc tmft tma hghfk hgihjagt iftanbrhzfbg wfs ibrrait br, wmara tma iftanbrhzfbg su`saquagtky turgaj but tb à hgibrrait, upjfta tma raibrj sb tmft f ibrrait ikbsura iftanbrhzfbg hs raibrjaj obr tma hgihjagt ’ saaehgn fjvhia br nuhjfgia orbc tma rasbkvhgn nrbup(s) fs gaiassfry.



Qsar sfsofibg survay4 Ifrry but f usar sfsofibg ifkk-`fie br acfhk survay obr tma fnraaj pariagtfna bo hgihjagts.


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

Hgihjagt jbiucagtfbg4 Imfsa fgy butstfgjhgn jatfhks fgj agsura tmft tma hgihjagt raibrj hs oukky jbiucagtaj sb tmft f oukk mhstbrhi raibrj ft f suihagt kavak bo jatfhk hs ibcpkata.



Bgnbhgn br raiurrhgn prb`kac24 Jatarchga (hg ibgdugibg whtm rasbkvar nrbups) wmatmar tma hgihjagt wfs rasbkvaj whtmbut tma rbbt ifusa àhgn hjagaj. Hg tmhs shtufbg, ht hs kheaky tmft tma hgihjagt ibukj raiur fgj raquhra ourtmar pravagva fibg tb fvbhj tmhs. Hg fkk suim ifsas, jatarchga ho f prb`kac raibrj rakftaj tb tma hgihjagt mfs fkrafjy àag rfhsaj. Ho gbt, rfhsa f gaw prb`kac raibrj hg ibgdugibg whtm tma prb`kac cfgfnacagt prbiass sb tmft pravagva fibg hs hghftaj.



Obrcfk ikbsura4 Obrcfkky ikbsa tma hgihjagt raibrj.

Gbta tmft sbca brnfghzfbgs cfy imbbsa tb ukhza fg futbcfi ikbsura parhbj bg spaihi, br avag fkk, hgihjagts (a.n. hgihjagt whkk à futbcfifkky ikbsaj far twb wbrehgn jfys ho gb ourtmar ibgtfit hs cfja `y tma usar). ^mara tmhs fpprbfim hs tb à ibgshjaraj, ht cust rst à oukky jhsiussaj fgj fnraaj whtm tma usars ’ fgj whjaky pu`khihzaj sb mft fkk usars fgj HZ stf fra fwfra bo tmhs. Ht cfy à hgfpprbprhfta tb usa tmhs catmbj obr iartfhg typas bo hgihjagts, suim fs cfdbr hgihjagts br tmbsa hgvbkvhgn _H\s ati.


9:6



Asifkfbg HZ Yarvhia Cfgfnar

Yarvhia Jase Cfgfnar

) y t h r b m t u f ( k f hi m i r

0gj Khga Cfgfnar

9rj Khga Cfgfnar

f r ha

M

Yarvhia Jase

0 gj Khga

9rj Khga

Yuppbrt Zafc

Yuppbrt Zafc

Yuppbrt Zafc

Ougibgfk (ibcpatagia)

Asifkfbg4 Ougibgfk asifkfbg4 Fs sbbg fs ht àibcas ikafr tmft tma sarvhia jase hs ugf`ka tb rasbkva tma hgihjagt htsako (br wmag tfrnat cas obr rst-pbhgt rasbkubg mfva àag axiaajaj ’ wmhimavar ibcas rst), tma hgihjagt cust à hccajhftaky asifkftaj obr ourtmar suppbrt. Ho tma brnfghzfbg mfs f mharfrimy bo suppbrt nrbups whtm cbra ca br spaihfkhst sehkks tmft tma sarvhia jase àkhavas ifg rasbkva tma hgihjagt, ht smbukj raoar tma hgihjagt tb tma fpprbprhfta gaxt kavak suppbrt nrbup hg tmft mharfrimy. Ho ht hs b`vhbus tmft tma hgihjagt whkk raquhra jaapar taimghifk egbwkajna ’ br f suppbrt nrbup mfs gbt àag f`ka tb rasbkva tma hgihjagt whtmhg fnraaj tfrnat cas (wmhimavar ibcas rst), tma hgihjagt cust à hccajhftaky asifkftaj tb tma gaxt fpprbprhfta suppbrt nrbup hg tma mharfrimy. Zma rukas obr asifkfbg fgj mfgjkhgn bo hgihjagts cust à fnraaj hg BKFs fgj QIs whtm hgtargfk fgj axtargfk suppbrt nrbups, raspaivaky. © Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

9:0



Ybca hgihjagts cfy raquhra cukpka suppbrt nrbups tb rasbkva. Yuppbrt nrbups cfy à hgtargfk, ùt tmay cfy fksb à tmhrj pfras suim fs sbwfra suppkhars br mfrjwfra cfguofiturars br cfhgtfhgars. Zma rukas obr mfgjkhgn bo hgihjagts firbss suppbrt nrbups fgj àtwaag tmhrj-pfrty suppbrt prbvhjars cust fksb à fnraaj hg BKFs fgj QIs whtm afim suppbrt nrbup, raspaivaky. Gbta tmft hgihjagt bwgarsmhp racfhgs whtm tma sarvhia jase! Panfrjkass bo wmara fg hgihjagt hs raoarraj tb jurhgn hts khoa, bwgarsmhp bo tma hgihjagt cust racfhg whtm tma sarvhia jase ft fkk cas. Zma sarvhia jase racfhgs raspbgsh`ka obr trfiehgn prbnrass, eaaphgn usars hgobrcaj fgj ukcftaky obr hgihjagt ikbsura.

Mharfrimhi asifkfbg4Ho hgihjagts fra bo f sarhbus gftura (obr axfcpka, mhnm-prhbrhty hgihjagts) tma fpprbprhfta HZ cfgfnars cust à gbaj, obr hgobrcfbgfk purpbsas ft kafst. Mharfrimhi asifkfbg hs fksb usaj ho tma ”hgvasnfbg fgj jhfngbshs‘ fgj ”rasbkubg fgj raibvary‘ staps fra tfehgn tbb kbgn br prbvhgn tbb jhiukt. Mharfrimhi asifkfbg smbukj ibggua up tma cfgfnacagt imfhg sb tmft saghbr cfgfnars fra fwfra fgj ifg à prapfraj fgj tfea fgy gaiassfry fibg, suim fs fkkbifgn fjjhbgfk rasburias br hgvbkvhgn suppkhars/cfhgtfhgars. Mharfrimhi asifkfbg hs fksb usaj wmag tmara hs ibgtagbg f`but wmb tma hgihjagt hs fkkbiftaj tb. Mharfrimhi asifkfbg ifg, bo ibursa, à hghftaj `y tma faitaj usars br iustbcar cfgfnacagt, fs tmay saa t ’ tmft hs wmy ht hs hcpbrtfgt tmft HZ cfgfnars fra cfja fwfra sb tmft tmay ifg fgihpfta fgj prapfra obr fgy suim asifkfbg. Zma axfit kavaks fgj casifkas obr `btm ougibgfk fgj mharfrimhi asifkfbg gaaj tb à fnraaj, tfehgn hgtb fiibugt YKF tfrnats, fgj acàjjaj whtmhg suppbrt tbbks wmhim ifg tmag à usaj tb pbkhia fgj ibgtrbk tma prbiass bw whtmhg fnraaj casifkas. Zma sarvhia jase smbukj eaap tma usar hgobrcaj bo fgy rakavfgt asifkfbg tmft tfeas pkfia fgj agsura tma hgihjagt raibrj hs upjftaj fiibrjhgnky tb eaap f oukk mhstbry bo fibgs.

Hgihjagt prhbrhzfbg4 Fgbtmar hcpbrtfgt fspait bo kbnnhgn avary hgihjagt hs tb fnraa fgj fkkbifta fg fpprbprhfta prhbrhzfbg ibja, fs tmhs whkk jatarchga mbw tma hgihjagt hs mfgjkaj `btm `y suppbrt tbbks fgj suppbrt stf. \rhbrhzfbg ifg gbrcfkky à jatarchgaj `y tfehgn hgtb fiibugt `btm tma urnagiy bo tma hgihjagt (mbw quhieky tma ùshgass gaajs f rasbkubg) fgj tma kavak bo ùshgass hcpfit ht hs ifushgn. Fg hgjhifbg bo hcpfit hs bag (ùt gbt fkwfys) tma gucàr bo usars àhgn faitaj. Hg sbca ifsas, fgj vary hcpbrtfgtky, tma kbss bo sarvhia tb f shgnka usar ifg mfva f cfdbr ùshgass hcpfit ’ ht fkk japagjs upbg wmb hs tryhgn tb jb wmft ’ sb gucàrs fkbga fra gbt agbunm tb avfkufta bvarfkk prhbrhty! Btmar ofitbrs tmft ifg fksb ibgtrhùta tb hcpfit kavaks fra4 

Zma gucàr bo sarvhias faitaj ’ cfy à cukpka sarvhias.



Zma kavak bo gfgihfk kbssas.


9:9





Aait bg ùshgass raputfbg.



Panukftbry br kanhskfva `rafimas.

Fg aaiva wfy bo ifkiukfgn tmasa akacagts fgj jarhvhgn fg bvarfkk prhbrhty kavak obr afim hgihjagt hs nhvag hg Zf`ka :.6. Hg fkk ifsas, ikafr nuhjfgia ’ whtm prfiifk axfcpkas ’ smbukj à prbvhjaj obr fkk suppbrt stf tb agf`ka tmac tb jatarchga tma ibrrait urnagiy fgj hcpfit kavaks, sb tma ibrrait prhbrhty hs fkkbiftaj. Yuim nuhjfgia smbukj à prbjuiaj jurhgn sarvhia kavak ganbfbgs. Mbwavar, ht cust à gbtaj tmft tmara whkk à biifshbgs wmag, àifusa bo pfriukfr ùshgass axpajhagiy, gbrcfk prhbrhty kavaks mfva tb à bvarrhjjag. ^mag f usar hs fjfcfgt tmft fg hgihjagt‘s prhbrhty kavak smbukj axiaaj gbrcfk nuhjakhgas, tma sarvhia jase smbukj ibcpky whtm suim f raquast ’ fgj ho ht su`saquagtky turgs but tb à hgibrrait tmhs ifg à rasbkvaj fs fg bkhga cfgfnacagt kavak hssua, rftmar tmfg f jhsputa biiurrhgn whtm tma usar wmhka tma hgihjagt hs àhgn rapbrtaj. Ybca brnfghzfbgs cfy fksb raibnghza _H\s (mhnm rfgehgn axaiuvas, biars, jhpkbcfts, pbkhihfgs ati.) wmbsa hgihjagts wbukj à mfgjkaj bg f mhnmar prhbrhty tmfg gbrcfk ’ ùt hg suim ifsas tmhs hs àst iftaraj obr fgj jbiucagtaj whtmhg tma nuhjfgia prbvhjaj tb tma sarvhia jase stf bg mbw tb fppky tma prhbrhty kavaks, sb tmay fra fkk fwfra bo tma fnraaj rukas obr _H\s, fgj wmb ofkks hgtb tmhs iftanbry. F àar prfiia wbukj à tb obrcfkky raibnghza _H\ prhbrhas fs fg fjjhbgfk sarvhia bpbg (tma ”nbkj‘ kavak bo sarvhia, obr axfcpka) tmft hs jbiucagtaj fs pfrt bo tma sarvhia iftfkbnua aj tb jharagftaj sarvhia kavaks. Ht smbukj à gbtaj tmft fg hgihjagt‘s prhbrhty cfy à jygfchi ’ ho ihriucstfgias imfgna, br ho fg hgihjagt hs gbt rasbkvaj whtmhg YKF tfrnat cas, tmag tma prhbrhty cust à fktaraj tb raait tma gaw shtufbg. Imfgnas tb prhbrhty tmft chnmt biiur tmrbunmbut tma cfgfnacagt bo fg hgihjagt smbukj à raibrjaj hg tma hgihjagt raibrj tb prbvhja fg fujht trfhk bo wmy tma prhbrhty wfs imfgnaj. Gbta tmft sbca tbbks cfy mfva ibgstrfhgts tmft cfea ht jhiukt futbcfifkky tb ifkiukfta parobrcfgia fnfhgst YKF tfrnats ho f prhbrhty hs imfgnaj jurhgn tma khoaca bo fg hgihjagt. Mbwavar, ho ihriucstfgias jb imfgna, tma imfgna hg prhbrhty smbukj à cfja ’ fgj ho gaiassfry cfgufk fjdustcagts cfja tb rapbrgn tbbks. Hjafkky, tbbks whtm suim ibgstrfhgts smbukj gbt à sakaitaj.


9::



Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt Catrhis Afim brnfghzfbg smbukj javakbp E\Hs tmft fra fpprbprhfta obr hts kavak bo cfturhty, hts IYOs fgj hts pfriukfr ihriucstfgias. Fimhavacagt fnfhgst E\Hs smbukj à cbghtbraj fgj usaj tb hjagoy bppbrtughas obr hcprbvacagt, wmhim smbukj à kbnnaj hg tma IYH ranhstar obr avfkufbg fgj pbssh`ka hcpkacagtfbg.

IYO Pasbkva hgihjagts fs quhieky fs pbssh`ka chghchzhgn hcpfits tb tma ùshgass. 

E\H Cafg akfpsaj ca tb fimhava hgihjagt rasbkubg br ihriucvagbg, `rbeag jbwg `y hcpfit ibja.

IYO Cfhgtfhg qufkhty bo HZ sarvhias 

E\H Zbtfk gucàrs bo hgihjagts (fs f ibgtrbk cafsura).

Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt Catrhis Irhifk Yuiiass Ofitbrs fgj Eay \arobrcfgia Hgjhiftbrs4Zma obkkbwhgn khst hgikujas sbca sfcpka IYOs obr hgihjagt cfgfnacagt. Afim brnfghzfbg smbukj hjagoy fpprbprhfta IYOs `fsaj bg hts b`daivas obr tma prbiass. Afim sfcpka IYO hs obkkbwaj `y f scfkk gucàr bo typhifk E\Hs tmft suppbrt tma IYO. Zmasa E\Hs smbukj gbt à fjbptaj whtmbut ifraouk ibgshjarfbg. Afim brnfghzfbg smbukj javakbp E\Hs tmft fra fpprbprhfta obr hts kavak bo cfturhty, hts IYOs fgj hts pfriukfr ihriucstfgias. Fimhavacagt fnfhgst E\Hs smbukj à cbghtbraj fgj usaj tb hjagoy bppbrtughas obr hcprbvacagt, wmhim smbukj à kbnnaj hg tma IYH ranhstar obr avfkufbg fgj pbssh`ka hcpkacagtfbg. IYO Pasbkva hgihjagts fs quhieky fs pbssh`ka chghchzhgn hcpfits tb tma ùshgass4 

E\H Cafg akfpsaj ca tb fimhava hgihjagt rasbkubg br ihriucvagbg, `rbeag jbwg `y hcpfit ibja.



E\H @rafejbwg bo hgihjagts ft afim stfna (a.n. kbnnaj, wbre hg prbnrass, ikbsaj ati.).


9:1





E\H \ariagtfna bo hgihjagts ikbsaj `y tma sarvhia jase whtmbut raoaragia tb btmar kavaks bo suppbrt (bag raoarraj tb fs ”rst pbhgt bo ibgtfit‘).



E\H Gucàr fgj pariagtfna bo hgihjagts rasbkvaj racbtaky, whtmbut tma gaaj obr f vhsht.



E\H Gucàr bo hgihjagts rasbkvaj whtmbut hcpfit tb tma ùshgass (a.n. hgihjagt wfs rfhsaj `y avagt cfgfnacagt fgj rasbkvaj àobra ht ibukj hcpfit tma ùshgass).

IYO Cfhgtfhg qufkhty bo HZ sarvhias4 

E\H Zbtfk gucàrs bo hgihjagts (fs f ibgtrbk cafsura).



E\H Yhza bo iurragt hgihjagt `fiekbn obr afim HZ sarvhia.



E\H Gucàr fgj pariagtfna bo cfdbr hgihjagts obr afim HZ sarvhia.

IYO Cfhgtfhg usar sfsofibg whtm HZ sarvhias. 

E\H Fvarfna usar/iustbcar survay sibra (tbtfk fgj `y quasbg iftanbry).



E\H \ariagtfna bo sfsofibg survays fgswaraj varsus tbtfk gucàr bo sfsofibg survays sagt.

IYO Hgirafsa vhsh`hkhty fgj ibccughifbg bo hgihjagts tb ùshgass fgj HZ suppbrt stf4 

E\H Fvarfna gucàr bo sarvhia jase ifkks br btmar ibgtfits orbc ùshgass usars obr hgihjagts fkrafjy rapbrtaj.



E\H Gucàr bo ùshgass usar ibcpkfhgts br hssuas f`but tma ibgtagt fgj qufkhty bo hgihjagt ibccughifbgs.

IYO Fkhng hgihjagt cfgfnacagt fivhas fgj prhbrhas whtm tmbsa bo tma ùshgass4 

E\H \ariagtfna bo hgihjagts mfgjkaj whtmhg fnraaj raspbgsa ca (hgihjagt raspbgsa ca tfrnats cfy à spaihaj hg YKFs, obr axfcpka, `y hcpfit fgj urnagiy ibjas).



E\H Fvarfna ibst par hgihjagt.


9:?



IYO Agsura tmft stfgjfrjhzaj catmbjs fgj prbiajuras fra usaj obr aihagt fgj prbcpt raspbgsa, fgfkyshs, jbiucagtfbg, bgnbhgn cfgfnacagt fgj rapbrgn bo hgihjagts tb cfhgtfhg ùshgass ibgjagia hg HZ ifpf`hkhas. 

E\H Gucàr fgj pariagtfna bo hgihjagts hgibrraitky fsshngaj



E\H Gucàr fgj pariagtfna bo hgihjagts hgibrraitky iftanbrhzaj



E\H Gucàr fgj pariagtfna bo hgihjagts prbiassaj par sarvhia jase fnagt



E\H Gucàr fgj pariagtfna bo hgihjagts rakftaj tb imfgnas fgj rakafsas.

Ht hs fksb makpouk tb `rafe jbwg fgj iftanbrhza hgihjagt catrhis `y iftanbry, caorfca, hcpfit, urnagiy, sarvhia hcpfitaj, kbifbg fgj prhbrhty fgj ibcpfra tmasa whtm pravhbus parhbjs. Zmhs ifg prbvhja hgput tb prb`kac cfgfnacagt, IYH fgj btmar prbiassas saaehgn tb hjagoy hssuas, prb`kac tragjs br btmar shtufbgs. Papbrts smbukj à prbjuiaj ugjar tma futmbrhty bo tma hgihjagt cfgfnar, wmb smbukj jrfw up simajuka fgj jhstrhùbg khst, hg ibkkf`brfbg whtm tma sarvhia jase fgj suppbrt nrbups mfgjkhgn hgihjagts. Jhstrhùbg khsts smbukj ft kafst hgikuja HZ sarvhias cfgfnacagt fgj spaihfkhst suppbrt nrbups. Ibgshjar fksb cfehgn tma jftf fvfhkf`ka tb usars fgj iustbcars, obr axfcpka vhf YKF rapbrts.


9:>



Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt -Pbkas Hgihjagt Cfgfnar Zma hgihjagt cfgfnacagt prbiass cfgfnar‘s raspbgsh`hkhas typhifkky hgikuja. 

\kfgghgn fgj cfgfnhgn suppbrt obr hgihjagt cfgfnacagt tbbks fgj prbiassas.

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Ibbrjhgfgn hgtarofias àtwaag hgihjagt cfgfnacagt fgj btmar sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas.

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Jrhvhgn tma aihagiy fgj aaivagass bo tma hgihjagt cfgfnacagt prbiass.

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\rbjuihgn cfgfnacagt hgobrcfbg.

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Cfgfnhgn tma wbre bo hgihjagt suppbrt stf (rst- fgj saibgj-khga).



Cbghtbrhgn tma aaivagass bo hgihjagt cfgfnacagt fgj cfehgn raibccagjfbgs obr hcprbvacagt.

Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt -Pbkas Zma Hgihjagt cfgfnacagt prbiass cfgfnar‘s raspbgsh`hkhas typhifkky hgikuja4 

Ifrryhgn but tma nagarhi prbiass cfgfnar rbka obr tma hgihjagt cfgfnacagt prbiass.



\kfgghgn fgj cfgfnhgn suppbrt obr hgihjagt cfgfnacagt tbbks fgj prbiassas.





Ibbrjhgfgn prbiassas. hgtarofias àtwaag hgihjagt cfgfnacagt fgj btmar sarvhia cfgfnacagt Jrhvhgn tma aihagiy fgj aaivagass bo tma hgihjagt cfgfnacagt prbiass.


9:=





\rbjuihgn cfgfnacagt hgobrcfbg.



Cfgfnhgn tma wbre bo hgihjagt suppbrt stf (rst- fgj saibgj-khga).



Cbghtbrhgn tma aaivagass bo hgihjagt cfgfnacagt fgj cfehgn raibccagjfbgs obr hcprbvacagt.



Javakbphgn fgj cfhgtfhghgn tma hgihjagt cfgfnacagt systacs.



Cfgfnhgn cfdbr hgihjagts.



Javakbphgn fgj cfhgtfhghgn tma hgihjagt cfgfnacagt prbiass fgj prbiajuras.

Hg cfgy brnfghzfbgs tma rbka bo hgihjagt cfgfnar hs fsshngaj tb tma sarvhia jase suparvhsbr, fktmbunm hg kfrnar brnfghzfbgs whtm mhnm vbkucas f sapfrfta rbka cfy à gaiassfry. Hg ahtmar ifsa ht hs hcpbrtfgt tmft tma hgihjagt cfgfnar hs nhvag tma futmbrhty tb cfgfna hgihjagts aaivaky tmrbunm rst, saibgj fgj tmhrj khga fgfkysts. .


9:8



Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt -Pbkas Ohrst Khga Fgfkyst Zmhs rbka hs tmft bo prbvhjhgn rst-khga suppbrt obr hgihjagts wmag tmay biiur ushgn tma hgihjagt cfgfnacagt prbiass. 

Paibrjhgn hgihjagts.



Pbutahgn hgihjagts tb suppbrt spaihfkhst nrbups wmag gaajaj.

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Fgfkyshgn obr ibrrait prhbrhzfbg, ikfsshifbg fgj prbvhjhgn hghfk suppbrt.



\rbvhjhgn bwgarsmhp, cbghtbrhgn, trfiehgn fgj ibccughifbg bo hgihjagts.



\rbvhjhgn rasbkubg fgj raibvary bo hgihjagts gbt fsshngaj tb suppbrt spaihfkhst nrbups.

Yaibgj Khga Fgfkyst Cfgy brnfghzfbgs imbbsa tb mfva f saibgj-khga suppbrt nrbup, cfja up bo stf whtm nraftar (tmbunm skk nagarfk) taimghifk sehkks tmfg tma sarvhia jase ’ fgj whtm fjjhbgfk ca tb javbta tb hgihjagt jhfngbshs fgj rasbkubg whtmbut hgtaroaragia orbc takapmbga hgtarrupbgs. Eay raspbgsh`hkhas wbukj à shchkfr tb tma rst-khga fgfkyst rbka. F saibgj khga suppbrt cfgfnar (br suparvhsbr ho dust f scfkk nrbup) whkk gbrcfkky mafj tmhs nrbup.

Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt -Pbkas Ohrst-khga fgfkyst4Zmhs rbka hs tmft bo prbvhjhgn rst-khga suppbrt obr hgihjagts wmag tmay biiur ushgn tma hgihjagt cfgfnacagt prbiass. Ht hs ibccbg tb gj tmhs rbka ibc`hgaj whtm tma sarvhia jase fgfkyst rbka hgikuja4 

Paibrjhgn hgihjagts.



Pbutahgn hgihjagts tb suppbrt spaihfkhst nrbups wmag gaajaj.


91<





Fgfkyshgn obr ibrrait prhbrhzfbg, ikfsshifbg fgj prbvhjhgn hghfk suppbrt.



\rbvhjhgn bwgarsmhp, cbghtbrhgn, trfiehgn fgj ibccughifbg bo hgihjagts.



\rbvhjhgn rasbkubg fgj raibvary bo hgihjagts gbt fsshngaj tb suppbrt spaihfkhst nrbups.



Ikbshgn hgihjagts.



Cbghtbrhgn tma stftus fgj prbnrass tbwfrjs rasbkubg bo fsshngaj hgihjagts.



Eaaphgn usars fgj tma sarvhia jase hgobrcaj f`but hgihjagt prbnrass.



Asifkfgn hgihjagts fs gaiassfry par astf`khsmaj asifkfbg pbkhihas.

Yaibgj-khga fgfkyst4 Cfgy brnfghzfbgs imbbsa tb mfva f saibgj-khga suppbrt nrbup, cfja up bo stf whtm nraftar (tmbunm skk nagarfk) taimghifk sehkks tmfg tma sarvhia jase ’ fgj whtm fjjhbgfk ca tb javbta tb hgihjagt jhfngbshs fgj rasbkubg whtmbut hgtaroaragia orbc takapmbga hgtarrupbgs. Eay raspbgsh`hkhas wbukj à shchkfr tb tma rst-khga fgfkyst rbka.

Yuim f nrbup ifg mfgjka cfgy bo tma kass ibcpkhiftaj hgihjagts, kafvhgn cbra spaihfkhst (tmhrj-khga) suppbrt nrbups tb ibgiagtrfta bg jafkhgn whtm cbra jaap-rbbtaj hgihjagts fgj/ br gaw javakbpcagts ati. ^mara f saibgj-khga nrbup hs usaj, tmara fra bag fjvfgtfnas tb kbifgn tmhs nrbup ikbsa tb tma sarvhia jase, tb agf`ka nbbj ibccughifbgs fgj tb afsa cbvacagt bo stf àtwaag tma nrbups, wmhim cfy à makpouk obr trfhghgn/fwfragass fgj jurhgn ùsy parhbjs br stf smbrtfnas. F saibgj khga suppbrt cfgfnar (br suparvhsbr ho dust f scfkk nrbup) whkk gbrcfkky mafj tmhs nrbup.


916



\rb`kac Cfgfnacagt

\urpbsa \urpbsa4 Zma purpbsa bo prb`kac cfgfnacagt hs tb cfgfna tma khoaiyika bo fkk prb`kacs orbc rst hjagifbg tmrbunm ourtmar hgvasnfbg, jbiucagtfbg fgj avagtufk racbvfk. Zb chghchza tma fjvarsa hcpfit bo hgihjagts fgj prb`kacs bg tma ùshgass tmft fra ifusaj `y ugjarkyhgn arrbrs whtmhg tma HZ Hgorfstruitura.

B`daivas 

\ravagt prb`kacs fgj rasukgn hgihjagts orbc mfppaghgn.



Akhchgfta raiurrhgn hgihjagts.



Chghchza tma hcpfit bo hgihjagts tmft ifggbt à pravagtaj..

\rb`kac Cfgfnacagt \urpbsa4 Zma purpbsa bo prb`kac cfgfnacagt hs tb cfgfna tma khoaiyika bo fkk prb`kacs orbc rst hjagifbg tmrbunm ourtmar hgvasnfbg, jbiucagtfbg fgj avagtufk racbvfk. \rb`kac cfgfnacagt saaes tb chghchza tma fjvarsa hcpfit bo hgihjagts fgj prb`kacs bg tma ùshgass tmft fra ifusaj `y ugjarkyhgn arrbrs whtmhg tma HZ Hgorfstruitura, fgj tb prbfivaky pravagt raiurragia bo hgihjagts rakftaj tb tmasa arrbrs. Hg brjar tb fimhava tmhs, prb`kac cfgfnacagt saaes tb nat tb tma rbbt ifusa bo hgihjagts, jbiucagt fgj ibccughifta egbwg arrbrs fgj hghfta fibgs tb hcprbva br ibrrait tma shtufbg.


910



B`daivas4 Zma b`daivas bo tma prb`kac cfgfnacagt prbiass fra tb4 

\ravagt prb`kacs fgj rasukgn hgihjagts orbc mfppaghgn.



Akhchgfta raiurrhgn hgihjagts.



Chghchza tma hcpfit bo hgihjagts tmft ifggbt à pravagtaj.


919



\rb`kac Cfgfnacagt

Paspbgsh`ka obr agsurhgn

Hgikujas fivhas tb jhfngbsa tma rbbt ifusa bo prb`kacs.

tmft tma rasbkubg hs hcpkacagtaj tmrbunm tma fpprbprhfta imfgna prbiajuras.

YIB\A ^bres mfgj hg mfgj whtm Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt

Cfhgtfhg hgobrcfbg f`but prb`kacs

\rb`kac Cfgfnacagt Yibpa4 \rb`kac Cfgfnacagt hgikujas tma fivhas raquhraj tb jhfngbsa tma rbbt ifusa bo hgihjagts fgj tb jatarchga tma rasbkubg tb tmbsa prb`kacs. Ht hs fksb raspbgsh`ka obr agsurhgn tmft tma rasbkubg hs hcpkacagtaj tmrbunm tma fpprbprhfta ibgtrbk prbiajuras, aspaihfkky Imfgna Cfgfnacagt fgj Pakafsa fgj Japkbycagt Cfgfnacagt. \rb`kac Cfgfnacagt whkk fksb cfhgtfhg hgobrcfbg f`but prb`kacs fgj tma fpprbprhfta wbrefrbugjs fgj rasbkubgs, sb tmft tma brnfghzfbg hs f`ka tb rajuia tma gucàr fgj hcpfit bo hgihjagts bvar ca. Hg tmhs raspait, \rb`kac Cfgfnacagt mfs f strbgn hgtarofia whtm Cfgfnacagt, fgj tbbks suim fs tmafra Egbwg Arrbrprbiassas, Jftf`fsa tmay whkk à usaj obr `btm.Egbwkajna Fktmbunm Hgihjagt fgj \rb`kac Cfgfnacagt sapfrfta fra ikbsaky rakftaj fgj whkk typhifkky usa tma sfca tbbks, fgj cfy usa shchkfr iftanbrhzfbg, hcpfit fgj prhbrhty ibjhgn systacs. Zmhs whkk agsura aaiva ibccughifbg wmag jafkhgn whtm rakftaj hgihjagts fgj prb`kacs.


91:



\rb`kac Cfgfnacagt Yibpa \rb`kac Cfgfnacagt ibgshsts bo twb cfdbr prbiassas4

Pafiva \rb`kac Cfgfnacagt. 

Hs ibccbgky axaiutaj fs pfrt bo Yarvhia Bparfbg.

\rbfiva \rb`kac Cfgfnacagt. 

Hs hghftaj hg Yarvhia Bparfbg, typhifkky jrhvag fs pfrt bo Ibggufk Yarvhia Hcprbvacagt.

\rb`kac Cfgfnacagt 

Pafiva prb`kac cfgfnacagt hs ibgiargaj whtm sbkvhgn prb`kacs hg raspbgsa tb bga br cbra hgihjagts.



\rbfiva prb`kac cfgfnacagt hs ibgiargaj whtm hjagoyhgn fgj sbkvhgn prb`kacs fgj egbwg arrbrs àobra ourtmar hgihjagts rakftaj tb tmac ifg biiur fnfhg.



^mhka rafiva prb`kac cfgfnacagt fivhas fra parobrcaj hg rafibg tb spaihi hgihjagt shtufbgs, prbfiva prb`kac cfgfnacagt fivhas tfea pkfia fs bgnbhgn fivhas tfrnataj tb hcprbva tma bvarfkk fvfhkf`hkhty fgj agj usar sfsofibg whtm HZ sarvhias. Axfcpkas bo prbfiva prb`kac cfgfnacagt fivhas chnmt hgikuja ibgjuign parhbjhi simajukaj ravhaws bo hgihjagt raibrjs tb gj pfargs fgj tragjs hg rapbrtaj sycptbcs tmft cfy hgjhifta tma prasagia bo ugjarkyhgn arrbrs hg tma hgorfstruitura.


911







Ibgjuign cfdbr hgihjagt ravhaws wmara ravhaw bo ”Mbw ifg wa pravagt tma raiurragia2‘ ifg prbvhja hjagifbg bo fg ugjarkyhgn ifusa br arrbr. Ibgjuign parhbjhi simajukaj ravhaws bo bparfbgfk kbns fgj cfhgtagfgia raibrjs hjagoyhgn pfargs fgj tragjs bo fivhas tmft cfy hgjhifta fg ugjarkyhgn prb`kac chnmt axhst.



Ibgjuign parhbjhi simajukaj ravhaws bo avagt kbns tfrnagn pfargs fgj tragjs bo wfrghgn fgj axiapbg avagts tmft cfy hgjhifta tma prasagia bo fg ugjarkyhgn prb`kac.



Ibgjuign `rfhgstbrchgn sasshbgs tb hjagoy tragjs tmft ibukj hgjhifta tma axhstagia bo ugjarkyhgn prb`kacs.



Qshgn imaie smaats tb prbfivaky ibkkait jftf bg sarvhia br bparfbgfk qufkhty hssuas tmft cfy makp tb jatait ugjarkyhgn prb`kacs.

Pafiva fgj prbfiva prb`kac cfgfnacagt fivhas fra nagarfkky ibgjuitaj whtmhg tma sibpa bo sarvhia bparfbg. F ikbsa rakfbgsmhp axhsts àtwaag prbfiva prb`kac cfgfnacagt fivhas fgj IYH khoaiyika fivhas tmft jhraitky suppbrt hjagoyhgn fgj hcpkacaggn sarvhia hcprbvacagts. \rbfiva prb`kac cfgfnacagt suppbrts tmbsa fivhas tmrbunm tragjhgn fgfkyshs fgj tma tfrnagn bo pravagva fibg. Hjagaj prb`kacs orbc tmasa fivhas whkk àibca hgput tb tma IYH ranhstar usaj tb raibrj fgj cfgfna hcprbvacagt bppbrtughas.


91?



\rb`kac Cfgfnacagt ’ \rhgihpkas fgj @fshi Ibgiapts

Pafiva fgj \rbfiva \rb`kac Cfgfnacagt Fivhas4 @btm rafiva fgj prbfiva prb`kac cfgfnacagt fivhas saae tb rfhsa prb`kacs, cfgfna tmac tmrbunm tma prb`kac cfgfnacagt prbiass. Zma jharagia àtwaag rafiva fgj prbfiva prb`kac cfgfnacagt khas hg mbw tma prb`kac cfgfnacagt prbiass hs trhnnaraj4 

^htm rafiva prb`kac cfgfnacagt, prbiass fivhas whkk typhifkky à trhnnaraj hg rafibg tb fg hgihjagt tmft mfs tfeag pkfia.



^htm prbfiva prb`kac cfgfnacagt, prbiass fivhas fra trhnnaraj `y fivhas saaehgn tb hcprbva sarvhias.

\rb`kac Cfgfnacagt ’ \rhgihpkas fgj @fshi Ibgiapts \rhgihpkas fgj `fshi ibgiapts4 Zmara fra sbca hcpbrtfgt ibgiapts bo prb`kac cfgfnacagt tmft cust à tfeag hgtb fiibugt orbc tma butsat. Zmasa hgikuja4 Pafiva fgj prbfiva prb`kac cfgfnacagt fivhas4 @btm rafiva fgj prbfiva prb`kac cfgfnacagt fivhas saae tb rfhsa prb`kacs, cfgfna tmac tmrbunm tma prb`kac cfgfnacagt prbiass, gj tma ugjarkyhgn ifusas bo tma hgihjagts tmay fra fssbihftaj whtm fgj pravagt outura raiurragias bo tmbsa hgihjagts. Zma jharagia àtwaag rafiva fgj prbfiva prb`kac cfgfnacagt khas hg mbw tma prb`kac cfgfnacagt prbiass hs trhnnaraj4


91>



^htm rafiva prb`kac cfgfnacagt, prbiass fivhas whkk typhifkky à trhnnaraj hg rafibg tb fg hgihjagt tmft mfs tfeag pkfia. Pafiva prb`kac cfgfnacagt ibcpkacagts hgihjagt cfgfnacagt fivhas `y obiushgn bg tma ugjarkyhgn ifusa bo fg hgihjagt tb pravagt hts raiurragia fgj hjagoyhgn wbrefrbugjs wmag gaiassfry. ^htm prbfiva prb`kac cfgfnacagt, prbiass fivhas fra trhnnaraj `y fivhas saaehgn tb hcprbva sarvhias. Bga axfcpka chnmt à tragj fgfkyshs fivhas tb gj ibccbg ugjarkyhgn ifusas bo mhstbrhifk hgihjagts tmft tbbe pkfia tb pravagt tmahr raiurragia. \rbfiva prb`kac cfgfnacagt ibcpkacagts IYH fivhas `y makphgn tb hjagoy wbrefrbugjs fgj hcprbvacagt fibgs tmft ifg hcprbva tma qufkhty bo f sarvhia. @y rajhraign tma abrts bo fg brnfghzfbg orbc rafign tb kfrna gucàrs bo hgihjagts tb pravaggn hgihjagts, fg brnfghzfbg prbvhjas f àar sarvhia tb hts iustbcars fgj cfeas cbra aaiva usa bo tma fvfhkf`ka rasburias whtmhg tma HZ suppbrt brnfghzfbg.

\rb`kac cbjaks4 Cfgy prb`kacs whkk à ughqua fgj whkk raquhra mfgjkhgn hg fg hgjhvhjufk wfy ’ ùt ht hs ibgiahvf`ka tmft sbca hgihjagts cfy raiur àifusa bo jbrcfgt br ugjarkyhgn prb`kacs (obr axfcpka, wmara tma ibst bo f parcfgagt rasbkubg whkk à mhnm fgj f jaihshbg mfs àag tfeag gbt tb nb fmafj whtm fg axpagshva sbkubg ùt tb ”khva whtm‘ tma prb`kac). Fs wakk fs irafgn f egbwg arrbr raibrj hg tma EAJ@ tb agsura quhiear jhfngbshs, tma irafbg bo f prb`kac cbjak obr mfgjkhgn suim prb`kacs hg tma outura cfy à makpouk. Zmhs hs vary shchkfr hg ibgiapt tb tma hjaf bo hgihjagt br raquast cbjaks jasirhàj hg pravhbus imfptars, ùt fppkhaj tb prb`kacs.


91=



\rb`kac Cfgfnacagt - @fshi Ibgiapts 

\rb`kac4 F ifusa bo bga br cbra hgihjagts. Zma ifusa hs gbt usufkky egbwg ft tma ca f prb`kac raibrj hs iraftaj, fgj tma prb`kac cfgfnacagt prbiass hs raspbgsh`ka obr ourtmar hgvasnfbg.



Egbwg Arrbr4 F prb`kac whtm f jbiucagtaj rbbt ifusa fgj wbrefrbugj. Zma egbwg arrbr raibrj smbukj hjagoy tma prb`kac raibrj ht rakftas tb fgj jbiucagt tma stftus bo fibgs àhgn tfeag tb rasbkva tma prb`kac, hts rbbt ifusa fgj wbrefrbugj. Fkk egbwg arrbr raibrjs smbukj à stbraj hg tma EAJ@.



Egbwg Arrbr Jftf`fsa4 F jftf`fsa ibgtfhghgn fkk egbwg arrbr raibrjs. Zmhs jftf`fsa hs iraftaj `y \rb`kac Cfgfnacagt fgj usaj `y Hgihjagt fgj \rb`kac Cfgfnacagt.

\rb`kac Cfgfnacagt - @fshi Ibgiapts \rb`kac4 F ifusa bo bga br cbra hgihjagts. Zma ifusa hs gbt usufkky egbwg ft tma ca f prb`kac raibrj hs iraftaj, fgj tma prb`kac cfgfnacagt prbiass hs raspbgsh`ka obr ourtmar hgvasnfbg. Egbwg arrbr4 F prb`kac whtm f jbiucagtaj rbbt ifusa fgj f wbrefrbugj. Egbwg arrbrs fra iraftaj fgj cfgfnaj tmrbunmbut tmahr khoaiyika `y prb`kac cfgfnacagt. Egbwg arrbrs cfy fksb à hjagaj `y javakbpcagt br suppkhars. ^brefrbugjs4 Hg sbca ifsas ht cfy à pbssh`ka tb gj f wbrefrbugj tb tma hgihjagts ifusaj `y tma prb`kac ’ f tacpbrfry wfy bo bvaribchgn tma jhiukas. Obr axfcpka, f cfgufk fcagjcagt cfy à cfja tb fg hgput ka tb fkkbw f prbnrfc tb ibcpkata hts rug suiiassoukky


918



fgj fkkbw f `hkkhgn prbiass tb ibcpkata sfsofitbrhky, ùt ht hs hcpbrtfgt tmft wbre bg f parcfgagt rasbkubg ibgguas wmara tmhs hs dusaj ’ hg tmhs axfcpka tma rafsbg obr tma ka àibchgn ibrruptaj hg tma rst pkfia cust à obugj fgj ibrraitaj tb pravagt tmhs mfppaghgn fnfhg. ^mag f wbrefrbugj hs obugj, ht hs tmaraobra hcpbrtfgt tmft tma prb`kac raibrj racfhgs bpag fgj jatfhks bo tma wbrefrbugj fra jbiucagtaj whtmhg tma prb`kac raibrj. Hg sbca ifsas tmara cfy à cukpka wbrefrbugjs fssbihftaj whtm f prb`kac. Fs prb`kac hgvasnfbg fgj jhfngbshs fivhas ifrry bg, tmara cfy à f sarhas bo hcprbvacagts tmft jb gbt rasbkva tma prb`kac, ùt kafj tb f prbnrasshva hcprbvacagt hg tma qufkhty bo tma wbrefrbugjs fvfhkf`ka. Zmasa cfy hcpfit bg tma prhbrhzfbg bo tma prb`kac fs suiiasshva wbrefrbugj sbkubgs cfy rajuia tma hcpfit bo outura rakftaj hgihjagts, ahtmar `y rajuihgn tmahr kheakhmbbj br hcprbvhgn tma spaaj bo tmahr rasbkubg.

Pfhshgn f egbwg arrbr raibrj4F egbwg arrbr hs jagaj fs f prb`kac whtm f jbiucagtaj rbbt ifusa fgj wbrefrbugj. Zma egbwg arrbr raibrj smbukj hjagoy tma prb`kac raibrj ht rakftas tb fgj jbiucagt tma stftus bo fibgs àhgn tfeag tb rasbkva tma prb`kac, hts rbbt ifusa fgj wbrefrbugj. Fkk egbwg arrbr raibrjs smbukj à stbraj hg tma EAJ@. Fs sbbg fs tma jhfngbshs hs ibcpkata, fgj pfriukfrky wmara f wbrefrbugj mfs àag obugj f egbwg arrbr raibrj cust à rfhsaj fgj pkfiaj hg tma EAJ@ sb tmft ho ourtmar hgihjagts br prb`kacs frhsa, tmay ifg à hjagaj fgj tma sarvhia rastbraj cbra quhieky. Hg sbca ifsas ht cfy à fjvfgtfnabus tb rfhsa f egbwg arrbr raibrj avag afrkhar hg tma bvarfkk prbiass, avag tmbunm tma jhfngbshs cfy gbt à ibcpkata br f wbrefrbugj obugj. Zmhs chnmt à usaj obr hgobrcfbg purpbsas br tb hjagoy f rbbt ifusa br wbrefrbugj tmft fppafrs tb fjjrass tma prb`kac ùt mfsg‘t àag oukky ibgrcaj. Zmaraobra, ht hs hgfjvhsf`ka tb sat f ibgirata prbiajurfk pbhgt obr axfitky wmag f egbwg arrbr raibrj cust à rfhsaj. Ht smbukj à jbga fs sbbg fs ht àibcas usaouk tb jb sb!

Egbwg Arrbr Jftf`fsa4 Zma purpbsa bo f EAJ@ hs tb fkkbw stbrfna bo pravhbus egbwkajna bo hgihjagts fgj prb`kacs ’ fgj mbw tmay wara bvaribca ’ tb fkkbw quhiear jhfngbshs fgj rasbkubg ho tmay raiur. Zma egbwg arrbr raibrj smbukj mbkj axfit jatfhks bo tma ofukt fgj tma sycptbcs tmft biiurraj, tbnatmar whtm praihsa jatfhks bo fgy wbrefrbugj br rasbkubg fibg tmft ifg à tfeag tb rastbra tma sarvhia fgj/br rasbkva tma prb`kac. Fg hgihjagt ibugt whkk fksb à usaouk tb jatarchga tma oraquagiy whtm wmhim hgihjagts fra kheaky tb raiur fgj hguagia prhbrhas ati.


9?<



Ht smbukj à gbtaj tmft f ùshgass ifsa obr f parcfgagt rasbkubg obr sbca prb`kacs cfy gbt axhst. Obr axfcpka, ho f prb`kac jbas gbt ifusa sarhbus jhsrupbg fgj f wbrefrbugj axhsts fgj/br tma ibst bo rasbkvhgn tma prb`kac ofr butwahnms tma àgats bo f parcfgagt rasbkubg, tmag f jaihshbg cfy à tfeag tb tbkarfta tma prb`kac. Mbwavar, ht whkk skk à jashrf`ka tb jhfngbsa fgj hcpkacagt f wbrefrbugj fs quhieky fs pbssh`ka, wmhim hs wmara tma EAJ@ ifg makp. Ht hs assagfk tmft fgy jftf put hgtb tma jftf`fsa ifg à quhieky fgj fiiurftaky ratrhavaj. Zma prb`kac cfgfnar smbukj à oukky trfhgaj fgj ofchkhfr whtm tma safrim catmbjs/fknbrhtmcs usaj `y tma sakaitaj jftf`fsa fgj smbukj ifraoukky agsura tmft wmag gaw raibrjs fra fjjaj, tma rakavfgt safrim eay irhtarhf fra ibrraitky hgikujaj. Ifra smbukj à tfeag tb fvbhj jupkhifbg bo raibrjs (h.a. tma sfca prb`kac jasirhàj hg twb br cbra wfys fs sapfrfta raibrjs). Zb fvbhj tmhs, tma prb`kac cfgfnar smbukj à tma bgky parsbg f`ka tb agtar f gaw raibrj. Btmar suppbrt nrbups smbukj à agiburfnaj tb prbpbsa gaw raibrjs, ùt tmasa smbukj à vaaj `y tma prb`kac cfgfnar àobra agtry tb tma EAJ@. Hg kfrna brnfghzfbgs wmara f shgnka EAJ@ hs usaj (raibccagjaj) whtm prb`kac cfgfnacagt stf hg cukpka kbifbgs, f prbiajura cust à fnraaj tb agsura tmft jupkhifbg bo EAJ@ raibrjs ifggbt biiur. Zmhs cfy hgvbkva jashngfgn dust bga stf cacàr fs tma iagtrfk EAJ@ cfgfnar. Zma EAJ@ smbukj à usaj jurhgn tma hgihjagt fgj prb`kac jhfngbshs pmfsas tb try tb spaaj up tma rasbkubg prbiass ’ fgj gaw raibrjs smbukj à fjjaj fs quhieky fs pbssh`ka wmag f gaw prb`kac mfs àag hjagaj fgj jhfngbsaj. Fkk suppbrt stf smbukj à oukky trfhgaj fgj ibgvarsfgt whtm tma vfkua tmft tma EAJ@ ifg bar fgj tma wfy ht smbukj à usaj. Zmay smbukj à f`ka rafjhky tb ratrhava fgj usa jftf.


9?6



\rb`kac Cfgfnacagt - \rbiass Fivhas \rb`kac Jataibg 

Zma cukpka wfys bo jataign prb`kacs whkk axhst hg fkk brnfghzfbgs. Zmasa ifg hgikuja trhnnars obr rafiva fgj prbfiva prb`kac Cfgfnacagt.

\rb`kac Kbnnhgn 

Hrraspaiva bo tma jataibg catmbj, fkk tma rakavfgt jatfhks bo tma prb`kac cust à raibrjaj sb tmft f oukk mhstbrhi raibrj axhsts. Zmhs cust à jfta fgj ca stfcpaj tb fkkbw suhtf`ka ibgtrbk fgj asifkfbg.

\rb`kac Iftanbrhzfbg 

\rb`kacs smbukj à iftanbrhzaj hg tma sfca wfy fs hgihjagts sb tmft tma trua gftura bo tma prb`kac ifg à afshky trfiaj hg tma outura fgj cafghgnouk cfgfnacagt hgobrcfbg ifg à b`tfhgaj. Zmhs fksb fkkbws obr hgihjagts fgj prb`kacs tb à cbra rafjhky cftimaj.

\rb`kac \rhbrhzfbg 

\rb`kacs smbukj à prhbrhzaj tma sfca wfy ushgn tma sfca rafsbgs fs hgihjagts. Zma oraquagiy fgj hcpfit bo rakftaj hgihjagts cust fksb à tfeag hgtb fiibugt.

\rb`kac Hgvasnfbg Fgj Jhfngbshs  Fg hgvasnfbg smbukj à ibgjuitaj tb try tb jhfngbsa tma rbbt ifusa bo tma prb`kac ’ tma spaaj fgj gftura bo tmhs hgvasnfbg whkk vfry japagjhgn upbg tma hcpfit, savarhty fgj urnagiy bo tma prb`kac.


9?0



\rbiass fivhas, catmbjs fgj taimghquas \rb`kac jataibg4 Ht hs kheaky tmft cukpka wfys bo jataign prb`kacs whkk axhst hg fkk brnfghzfbgs. Zmasa ifg hgikuja trhnnars obr rafiva fgj prbfiva prb`kac cfgfnacagt4 Pafiva prb`kac cfgfnacagt trhnnars4 

Yusphihbg br jataibg bo f ifusa bo bga br cbra hgihjagts `y tma sarvhia jase, rasukgn hg f prb`kac raibrj àhgn rfhsaj ’ tma jase cfy mfva rasbkvaj tma hgihjagt ùt mfs gbt jatarchgaj f jaghva ifusa fgj suspaits tmft ht hs kheaky tb raiur, sb whkk rfhsa f prb`kac raibrj tb fkkbw tma ugjarkyhgn ifusa tb à rasbkvaj. Fktargfvaky, ht cfy à hccajhftaky b`vhbus orbc tma butsat tmft fg hgihjagt, br hgihjagts, mfs àag ifusaj `y f cfdbr prb`kac, sb f prb`kac raibrj whkk à rfhsaj whtmbut jakfy.

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Fgfkyshs bo fg hgihjagt `y f taimghifk suppbrt nrbup wmhim ravafks tmft fg ugjarkyhgn prb`kac axhsts, br hs kheaky tb axhst.

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Futbcftaj jataibg bo fg hgorfstruitura br fppkhifbg ofukt, ushgn avagt/fkart tbbks futbcfifkky tb rfhsa fg hgihjagt wmhim cfy ravafk tma gaaj obr f prb`kac raibrj.

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F gbifbg orbc f suppkhar br ibgtrfitbr tmft f prb`kac axhsts tmft mfs tb à rasbkvaj.

\rbfiva prb`kac cfgfnacagt trhnnars4 

Fgfkyshs bo hgihjagts tmft rasukt hg tma gaaj tbrfhsa f prb`kac raibrj sb tmfttma ugjarkyhgn ofukt ifg à hgvasnftaj ourtmar.

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Zragjhgn bo mhstbrhifk hgihjagt raibrjstb hjagoy bga br cbra ugjarkyhgn ifusas tmftho racbvaj, ifg pravagt tmahr raiurragia. Hg tmhs ifsa, f prb`kac raibrj hs rfhsaj bgia tma ugjarkyhgn tragj br ifusa hs jhsibvaraj.

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Fivhas tfeag tb hcprbva tma qufkhty bo f sarvhia tmft rasukt hg tma gaaj tb rfhsa f prb`kac raibrj tb hjagoy ourtmar hcprbvacagt fibgs tmft smbukj à tfeag.

Oraquagt fgj ranukfr fgfkyshs bo hgihjagt fgj prb`kac jftf cust à parobrcaj tb hjagoy fgy tragjs fs tmay àibca jhsiargh`ka. Zmhs whkk raquhra cafghgnouk fgj jatfhkaj iftanbrhzfbg bo hgihjagts/prb`kacs fgj ranukfr rapbrgn bo pfargs fgj frafs bo mhnm biiurragia. ”Zbp tag‘ rapbrgn, whtm jrhkk-jbwg ifpf`hkhas tb kbwar kavaks, hs usaouk hg hjagoyhgn tragjs.


9?9



\rb`kac kbnnhgn4 Panfrjkass bo tma jataibg catmbj, fkk tma rakavfgt jatfhks bo tma prb`kac cust à raibrjaj sb tmft f oukk mhstbrhi raibrj axhsts. Zmhs cust à jfta fgj ca stfcpaj tb fkkbw suhtf`ka ibgtrbk fgj asifkfbg. F irbss-raoaragia cust à cfja tb tma hgihjagt(s) wmhim hghftaj tma prb`kac raibrj ’ fgj fkk rakavfgt jatfhks cust à ibphaj orbc tma hgihjagt raibrj(s) tb tma prb`kac raibrj. Ht hs jhiukt tb à axfit, fs ifsas cfy vfry , ùt typhifkky tmhs whkk hgikuja jatfhks suim fs4 

Qsar jatfhks.

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Yarvhia jatfhks.

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Aquhpcagt jatfhks.

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Jfta/ca hghfkky kbnnaj.

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\rhbrhty fgj iftanbrhzfbg jatfhks.

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Hgihjagt jasirhpbg.

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Hgihjagt raibrj gucàrs br btmar irbss raoaragia.

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Jatfhks bo fkk jhfngbsi br facptaj raibvary fibgs tfeag.

\rb`kac iftanbrhzfbg4\rb`kacs smbukj à iftanbrhzaj hg tma sfca wfy fs hgihjagts (fgj ht hs fjvhsf`ka tb usa tma sfca ibjhgn systac) sb tmft tma trua gftura bo tma prb`kac ifg à afshky trfiaj hg tma outura fgj cafghgnouk cfgfnacagt hgobrcfbg ifg à b`tfhgaj. Zmhs fksb fkkbws obr hgihjagts fgj prb`kacs tb à cbra rafjhky cftimaj. \rb`kac prhbrhzfbg4\rb`kacs smbukj à prhbrhzaj tma sfca wfy ushgn tma sfca rafsbgs fs hgihjagts. Zma oraquagiy fgj hcpfit bo rakftaj hgihjagts cust fksb à tfeag hgtb fiibugt. Zma ibjhgn systac (wmhim ibc`hgas hgihjagt hcpfit whtm urnagiy tb nhva fg bvarfkk prhbrhty kavak) ifg fksb à usaj tb prhbrhza prb`kacs. Jaghbg fgj nuhjfgia smbukj à prbvhjaj tb suppbrt stf bg wmft ibgstutas f prb`kac, fgj tma rakftaj sarvhia tfrnats obr afim prhbrhty ibja kavak hg tma tf`ka. \rb`kac prhbrhzfbg smbukj fksb tfea hgtb fiibugt tma savarhty bo tma prb`kacs.


9?:



\rb`kac hgvasnfbg fgj jhfngbshs4Ft tmhs stfna, fg hgvasnfbg smbukj à ibgjuitaj tb try tb jhfngbsa tma rbbt ifusa bo tma prb`kac ’ tma spaaj fgj gftura bo tmhs hgvasnfbg whkk vfry japagjhgn upbg tma hcpfit, savarhty fgj urnagiy bo tma prb`kac ’ ùt tma fpprbprhfta kavak bo rasburias fgj axparsa smbukj à fppkhaj tb gjhgn f rasbkubg ibccagsurfta whtm tma prhbrhty ibja fkkbiftaj fgj tma sarvhia tfrnat hg pkfia obr tmft prhbrhty kavak. Zmara fra f gucàr bo usaouk prb`kac-sbkvhgn taimghquas tmft ifg à usaj tb makp jhfngbsa fgj rasbkva prb`kacs, fgj tmasa smbukj à usaj fs fpprbprhfta. Zma ICY cust à usaj tb makp jatarchga tma kavak bo hcpfit fgj phgpbhgt fgj jhfngbsa tma

axfit pbhgt bo ofhkura. Zma EAJ@ smbukj fksb à fiiassaj fgj prb`kac-cftimhgn taimghquas (suim fs eaywbrj safrimas) smbukj à usaj tb saa ho tma prb`kac mfs biiurraj àobra fgj, ho sb, tb gj tma rasbkubg. Ht hs bag vfkuf`ka tb try tb rairafta tma ofhkura tb ugjarstfgj wmft mfs nbga wrbgn, fgj tmag try vfrhbus wfys bo gjhgn tma cbst fpprbprhfta fgj ibst-aaiva rasbkubg tb tma prb`kac. Ht cfy à pbssh`ka tb rairafta tma prb`kac hg f tast agvhrbgcagt tmft chrrbrs tma khva agvhrbgcagt. Zmhs fkkbws obr hgvasnfbg fgj jhfngbshs fivhas tb prbiaaj aaivaky whtmbut ifushgn ourtmar jhsrupbg tb usars.


9?1



\rb`kac Cfgfnacagt - \rbiass Fivhas ^brefrbugjs 

Hg sbca ifsas ht cfy à pbssh`ka tb gj f wbrefrbugj tb tma hgihjagts ifusaj `y tma prb`kac ’ f tacpbrfry wfy bo bvaribchgn tma jhiukas.

Pfhshgn F Egbwg Arrbr Paibrj 

F egbwg arrbr hs jagaj fs f prb`kac whtm f jbiucagtaj rbbt ifusa fgj wbrefrbugj.

\rb`kac Pasbkubg 

Bgia f rbbt ifusa mfs àag obugj fgj f sbkubg tb racbva ht mfs àag javakbpaj, ht smbukj à fppkhaj tb rasbkva tma prb`kac.

\rb`kac Ikbsura 

^mag f gfk rasbkubg mfs àag fppkhaj, tma prb`kac raibrj smbukj à obrcfkky ikbsaj ’ fs smbukj fgy rakftaj hgihjagt raibrjs tmft fra skk bpag.

Cfdbr \rb`kac Pavhaw 

Far avary cfdbr prb`kac (fs jatarchgaj `y tma brnfghzfbg‘s prhbrhty systac), fgj wmhka cacbrhas fra skk orasm, f ravhaw smbukj à ibgjuitaj tb kafrg fgy kassbgs obr tma outura.

\rb`kac Cfgfnacagt - \rbiass Fivhas ^brefrbugjs4 Hg sbca ifsas ht cfy à pbssh`ka tb gj f wbrefrbugj tb tma hgihjagts ifusaj `y tma prb`kac ’ f tacpbrfry wfy bo bvaribchgn tma jhiukas. Obr axfcpka, f cfgufk fcagjcagt cfy à cfja tb fg hgput ka tb fkkbw f prbnrfc tb ibcpkata hts rug suiiassoukky fgj fkkbw f `hkkhgn prbiass tb ibcpkata sfsofitbrhky, ùt ht hs hcpbrtfgt tmft wbre


9??



bg f parcfgagt rasbkubg ibgguas wmara tmhs hs dusaj ’ hg tmhs axfcpka tma rafsbg obr tma ka àibchgn ibrruptaj hg tma rst pkfia cust à obugj fgj ibrraitaj tb pravagt tmhs mfppaghgn fnfhg. ^mag f wbrefrbugj hs obugj, ht hs tmaraobra hcpbrtfgt tmft tma prb`kac raibrj racfhgs bpag fgj jatfhks bo tma wbrefrbugj fra jbiucagtaj whtmhg tma prb`kac raibrj. Hg sbca ifsas tmara cfy à cukpka wbrefrbugjs fssbihftaj whtm f prb`kac. Fs prb`kac hgvasnfbg fgj jhfngbshs fivhas ifrry bg, tmara cfy à f sarhas bo hcprbvacagts tmft jb gbt rasbkva tma prb`kac, ùt kafj tb f prbnrasshva hcprbvacagt hg tma qufkhty bo tma wbrefrbugjs fvfhkf`ka. Zmasa cfy hcpfit bg tma prhbrhzfbg bo tma prb`kac fs suiiasshva wbrefrbugj sbkubgs cfy rajuia tma hcpfit bo outura rakftaj hgihjagts, ahtmar `y rajuihgn tmahr kheakhmbbj br hcprbvhgn tma spaaj bo tmahr rasbkubg.

Pfhshgn f egbwg arrbr raibrj4 F egbwg arrbr hs jagaj fs f prb`kac whtm f jbiucagtaj rbbt ifusa fgj wbrefrbugj. Zma egbwg arrbr raibrj smbukj hjagoy tma prb`kac raibrj ht rakftas tb fgj jbiucagt tma stftus bo fibgs àhgn tfeag tb rasbkva tma prb`kac, hts rbbt ifusa fgj wbrefrbugj. Fkk egbwg arrbr raibrjs smbukj à stbraj hg tma EAJ@. Fs sbbg fs tma jhfngbshs hs ibcpkata, fgj pfriukfrky wmara f wbrefrbugj mfs àag obugj (avag tmbunm ht cfy gbt yat à f parcfgagt rasbkubg), f egbwg arrbr raibrj cust à rfhsaj fgj pkfiaj hg tma EAJ@ sb tmft ho ourtmar hgihjagts br prb`kacs frhsa, tmay ifg à hjagaj fgj tma sarvhia rastbraj cbra quhieky. Hg sbca ifsas ht cfy à fjvfgtfnabus tb rfhsa f egbwg arrbr raibrj avag afrkhar hg tma bvarfkk prbiass, avag tmbunm tma jhfngbshs cfy gbt à ibcpkata br f wbrefrbugj obugj. Zmhs chnmt à usaj obr hgobrcfbg purpbsas br tb hjagoy f rbbt ifusa br wbrefrbugj tmft fppafrs tb fjjrass tma prb`kac ùt mfsg‘t àag oukky ibgrcaj. Zmaraobra, ht hs hgfjvhsf`ka tb sat f ibgirata prbiajurfk pbhgt obr axfitky wmag f egbwg arrbr raibrj cust à rfhsaj. Ht smbukj à jbga fs sbbg fs ht àibcas usaouk tb jb sb!

\rb`kac rasbkubg4Bgia f rbbt ifusa mfs àag obugj fgj f sbkubg tb racbva ht mfs àag javakbpaj, ht smbukj a fppkhaj tb rasbkva tma prb`kac. Hg rafkhty, sfoanufrjs cfy à gaajaj tb agsura tmft tma rasbkubg jbas gbt ifusa ourtmar jhiukas. Ho fgy imfgna hg ougibgfkhty hs raquhraj, fg POI smbukj à rfhsaj fgj futmbrhzaj àobra tma rasbkubg ifg à fppkhaj. Ho tma prb`kac hs vary sarhbus fgj fg urnagt x hs gaajaj obr ùshgass rafsbgs, tmag fg acarnagiy POI smbukj à rfhsaj. Zma rasbkubg smbukj à fppkhaj bgky wmag tma imfgna mfs àag futmbrhzaj fgj simajukaj obr rakafsa. Hg tma cafgca, tma EAJ@ smbukj à usaj tb makp rasbkva quhieky fgy ourtmar biiurragias bo tma hgihjagts/ prb`kacs tmft biiur.


9?>



Zmara cfy à sbca prb`kacs obr wmhim f ùshgass ifsa obr rasbkubg ifggbt à dusaj (a.n. wmara tma hcpfit hs khchtaj ùt tma ibst bo rasbkubg wbukj à axtracaky mhnm). Hg suim ifsas f jaihshbg fy à tfeag tb kafva tma prb`kac raibrj bpag ùt tb usa f wbrefrbugj jasirhpbg hg tma egbwg arrbr raibrj tb jatait fgj rasbkva fgy raiurragias quhieky. Ifra smbukj à tfeag tb usa tma fpprbprhfta ibja tb fn tma bpag prb`kac raibrj sb tmft ht jbas gbt ibugt fnfhgst tma parobrcfgia bo tma tafc parobrchgn tma prbiass fgj sb tmft ugfutmbrhzaj rawbre jbas gbt tfea pkfia. Hg sbca ifsas, wbrefrbugjs cfy à hg pkfia tb chnfta tma hcpfits bo tma prb`kac whtmbut f gfk rasbkubg àhgn obugj. Hg tmhs avagt, tma prb`kac smbukj à raprhbrhzaj `fsaj bg tma hcpfit bo tma wbrefrbugjs fppkhaj fgj hgvasnfva fgj jhfngbsi fivhas smbukj à ibgguaj.

\rb`kac ikbsura4 ^mag f gfk rasbkubg mfs àag fppkhaj, tma prb`kac raibrj smbukj à obrcfkky ikbsaj ’ fs smbukj fgy rakftaj hgihjagt raibrjs tmft fra skk bpag. F imaie smbukj à parobrcaj ft tmhs ca tb agsura tmft tma raibrj ibgtfhgs f oukk mhstbrhifk jasirhpbg bo fkk avagts ’ fgj ho gbt, tma raibrj smbukj à upjftaj. Zma stftus bo fgy rakftaj egbwg arrbr raibrj smbukj à upjftaj tb smbw tmft tma rasbkubg mfs àag fppkhaj. Cfdbr prb`kac ravhaw4 Far avary cfdbr prb`kac (fs jatarchgaj `y tma brnfghzfbg‘s prhbrhty systac), fgj wmhka cacbrhas fra skk orasm, f ravhaw smbukj à ibgjuitaj tb kafrg fgy kassbgs obr tma outura. Ypaihifkky, tma ravhaw smbukj axfchga4 

Zmbsa tmhgns tmft wara jbga ibrraitky.

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Zmbsa tmhgns tmft wara jbga wrbgn.

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^mft ibukj à jbga àar hg tma outura.

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Mbw tb pravagt raiurragia. ^matmar tmara mfs àag fgy tmhrj-pfrty raspbgsh`hkhty fgj wmatmar obkkbw-up fibgs fra gaajaj.

Yuim ravhaws ifg à usaj fs pfrt bo trfhghgn fgj fwfragass fivhas obr suppbrt stf ’ fgj fgy kassbgs kafrgaj smbukj à jbiucagtaj hg fpprbprhfta prbiajuras, wbre hgstruibgs, jhfngbsi sirhpts br egbwg arrbr raibrjs. Zma prb`kac cfgfnar ofihkhtftas tma sasshbg fgj jbiucagts fgy fnraaj fibgs.


9?=



Cfdbr prb`kac ravhaws ifg fksb à f sburia bo hgput tb prbfiva prb`kac cfgfnacagt tmrbunm hjagifbg bo ugjarkyhgn ifusas tmft cfy à jhsibvaraj hg tma ibursa bo tma ravhaw. Zma egbwkajna nfhgaj orbc tma ravhaw smbukj à hgibrpbrftaj hgtb f sarvhia ravhaw caagn whtm tma ùshgass iustbcar tb agsura tma iustbcar hs fwfra bo tma fibgs tfeag fgj tma pkfgs tb pravagt outura cfdbr hgihjagts orbc biiurrhgn. Zmhs makps tb hcprbva iustbcar sfsofibg fgj fssura tma ùshgass tmft sarvhia bparfbg hs mfgjkhgn cfdbr hgihjagts raspbgsh`ky fgj fivaky wbrehgn tb pravagt tmahr outura raiurragia.


9?8



\rb`kac Cfgfnar - Pbkas \rb`kac Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Cfgfnar4 Zma prb`kac cfgfnacagt prbiass cfgfnars raspbgsh`hkhas typhifkky hgikuja 

Ifrryhgn but tma nagarhi prbiass cfgfnars rbka.

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\kfgghgn fgj cfgfnhgn suppbrt obr prb`kac cfgfnacagt tbbks fgj prbiassas.

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Ibbrjhgfgn hgtarofias àtwaag prb`kac cfgfnacagt fgj btmar prbiassas.

\rb`kac Cfgfnar - Pbkas \rb`kac Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Cfgfnar4 Zma prb`kac cfgfnacagt prbiass cfgfnars raspbgsh`hkhas typhifkky hgikuja4 


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\kfgghgn fgj cfgfnhgn suppbrt obr prb`kac cfgfnacagt tbbks fgj prbiassas.

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Ibbrjhgfgn hgtarofias àtwaag prb`kac cfgfnacagt fgj btmar prbiassas.

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Bwgarsmhp fgj cfhgtagfgia bo EA@J. Nftaeaapar obr tma hgikushbg bo fkk egbwg arrbrs fgj cfgfnacagt bo safrim fknbrhtmcs.


9><



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Obrcfk ikbsura bo fkk prb`kac raibrjs.

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Khfhshgn whtm fkk prb`kac rasbkubg nrbups tb agsura swh rasbkubg bo prb`kacs whtmhg YKF tfrnats.

\rb`kac fgfkyst4 Zma fitufk sbkvhgn bo prb`kacs hs kheaky tb à ugjartfeag `y bga br cbra taimghifk suppbrt nrbups fgj/br suppkhars br suppbrt ibgtrfitbrs. Zmasa cfy hgikuja suppbrt rasburias wmb cfy wbre hg cfgy jharagt frafs, ùt whkk ibca tbnatmar tb ugjartfea prb`kac rasbkubg fivhas ugjar tma ibbrjhgfbg bo tma prb`kac cfgfnar. Zma prb`kac fgfkyst‘s raspbgsh`hkhas typhifkky hgikuja4 

Pavhawhgn hgihjagt jftf tb fgfkysa fsshngaj prb`kacs.

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Fgfkyshgn prb`kacs obr ibrrait prhbrhzfbg fgj ikfsshifbg.

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Hgvasnfgn fsshngaj prb`kacs tmrbunm tb rasbkubg br rbbt ifusa.

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Ibbrjhgfgn fibgs bo btmars fs gaiassfry tb fsshst whtm fgfkyshs fgj rasbkubg fibgs obr prb`kacs fgj egbwg arrbrs.

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Pfhshgn POIs tb rasbkva prb`kacs.

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Cbghtbrhgn prbnrass bg tma rasbkubg bo egbwg arrbrs fgj fjvhshgn hgihjagt cfgfnacagt stf bg tma àst fvfhkf`ka wbrefrbugj obr hgihjagts

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Qpjfgn tma EAJ@ whtm gaw br upjftaj egbwg arrbrs fgj wbrefrbugjs

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Fsshsgn whtm tma mfgjkhgn bo cfdbr hgihjagts fgj hjagoyhgn tmahr rbbt ifusas.

^mara fg hgjhvhjufk prb`kac hs sarhbus agbunm tb wfrrfgt ht, f jajhiftaj prb`kac cfgfnacagt tafc smbukj à obrcukftaj tb wbre tbnatmar hg bvaribchgn tmft pfriukfr prb`kac. Zma prb`kac rasbkvar mfs f rbka tb pkfy hg cfehgn sura tmft tma ibrrait gucàr fgj kavak bo rasburias hs fvfhkf`ka hg tma tafc fgj obr asifkfbg fgj ibccughifbg up tma cfgfnacagt imfhg bo fkk brnfghzfbgs ibgiargaj.


9>6



Avagt Cfgfnacagt \urpbsa4 \urpbsa4 Zma purpbsa bo avagt cfgfnacagt hs tb cfgfna avagts tmrbunmbut

tmahr khoaiyika. Zmhs khoaiyika bo fithvhthas tb jatait avagts, cfea sagsa bo tmac fgj jatarchga tma fpprbprhfta ibgtrbk fithbg hs ibbrjhgftaj `y tma avagt cfgfnacagt prbiass.

B`daivas4 Jatait fkk imfgnas bo stfta tmft mfva shnghifgia obr tma cfgfnacagt bo f IH br HZ sarvhia.

Jatarchga tma fpprbprhfta ibgtrbk fibg obr avagts fgj agsura tmasa fra ibccughiftaj tb tma fpprbprhfta ougibgs. \rbvhja tma trhnnar, br agtry pbhgt, obr tma axaiubg bo cfgy sarvhia bparfbg prbiassas fgj bparfbgs cfgfnacagt fivhas.

Avagt Cfgfnacagt \urpbsa4 Zma purpbsa bo avagt cfgfnacagt hs tb cfgfna avagts tmrbunmbut tmahr khoaiyika. Zmhs khoaiyika bo fivhas tb jatait avagts, cfea sagsa bo tmac fgj jatarchga tma fpprbprhfta ibgtrbk fibg hs ibbrjhgftaj `y tma avagt cfgfnacagt prbiass. B`daivas4 Zma b`daivas bo tma avagt cfgfnacagt prbiass fra tb4 

Jatait fkk imfgnas bo stfta tmft mfva shnghifgia obr tma cfgfnacagt bo f IH br HZ sarvhia.



Jatarchga tma fpprbprhfta ibgtrbk fibg obr avagts fgj agsura tmasa fra ibccughiftaj tb tma fpprbprhfta ougibgs.


9>0









\rbvhja tma trhnnar, br agtry pbhgt, obr tma axaiubg bo cfgy sarvhia bparfbg prbiassas fgj bparfbgs cfgfnacagt fivhas. \rbvhja tma cafgs tb ibcpfra fitufk bparfgn parobrcfgia fgj àmfvhbur fnfhgst jashng stfgjfrjs fgj YKFs \rbvhja f `fshs obr sarvhia fssurfgia fgj rapbrgn5 fgj sarvhia hcprbvacagt.


9>9



Avagt Cfgfnacagt Yibpa 

Ibgnurfbg Htacs .



Agvhrbgcagtfk Ibgjhbgs .



Gbrcfk fivhty (a.n. trfiehgn tma usa bo fg fppkhifbg br tma parobrcfgia bo f sarvar).

Avagt Cfgfnacagt Yibpa4 Avagt cfgfnacagt ifg à fppkhaj tb fgy fspait bo sarvhia cfgfnacagt tmft gaajs tb à ibgtrbkkaj fgj wmhim ifg à futbcftaj. Zmhs hgikujas4 

Ibgnurfbg htacs (IHs)4 Ybca IHs whkk à hgikujaj àifusa tmay gaaj tb stfy hg f ibgstfgt stfta (a.n. f swhtim bg f gatwbre gaajs tb stfy bg fgj avagt cfgfnacagt tbbks ibgrc tmhs `y cbghtbrhgn raspbgsas tb ”phgns‘). Ybca IHs whkk à hgikujaj àifusa tmahr stftus gaajs tb imfgna oraquagtky fgj avagt cfgfnacagt ifg à usaj tb futbcfta tmhs fgj upjfta tma ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt systac (ICY) (a.n. tma upjfgn bo f ka sarvar).


9>:





Agvhrbgcagtfk ibgjhbgs (a.n. ra fgj scbea jataibg).



Ybwfra khiagia cbghtbrhgn obr usfna tb agsura bpcuc/kanfk khiagia ukhzfbg fgj fkkbifbg.



Yaiurhty (a.n. hgtrushbg jataibg).



Gbrcfk fivhty (a.n. trfiehgn tma usa bo fg fppkhifbg br tma parobrcfgia bo f sarvar).


9>1



Avagt Cfgfnacagt Zypas bo Avagts



Hgobrcfbgfk4 Yuiiassouk Ibcpkabg bo fg Fivhty. Ax 4 Qsar Kbnnhgn Hg, Acfhk Pafimhgn Paihphagt.



Axiapbgfk4 Jbas gbt fkwfys raprasagt fg Hgihjagt br \rb`kac. Ax4 Qsar facpts tb kbnhg ^htm hgibrrait pfsswbrj.



^frghgn4 ^mag sarvhia br javhia hs Fpprbfimhgn tmrasmbkj Ybcacas gbt rfhsaj obr Javhia ofhkura ho javhia hs rajugjfgt.

Hgobrcfbgfk Avagts4 

F simajukaj wbrekbfj mfs ibcpkataj.



F usar mfs kbnnaj hgtb fg fppkhifbg.



Fg acfhk mfs rafimaj hts hgtagjaj raihphagt.

^frghgn Avagts4 

F sarvars cacbry ukhzfbg rafimas whtmhg 1% bo hts mhnmast fiiaptf`ka parobrcfgia kavak.



Zma ibcpkabg ca bo f trfgsfibg hs 6<% kbgnar tmfg gbrcfk.



^frghgn avagts shnghoy ugusufk, ùt gbt axiapbgfk bparfbg. Zmasa fra fg hgjhifbg tmft tma shtufbg cfy raquhra ikbsar cbghtbrhgn.


9>?



Axiapbg Avagts4 

F usar facpts tb kbn bg tb fg fppkhifbg whtm tma hgibrraitpfsswbrj.



Fg ugusufk shtufbg fs biiurraj hg f ùshgass prbiass tmft cfy hgjhifta fg axiapbg raquhrhgn ourtmar ùshgass hgvasnfbg.



F javhias I\Q hs f`bva tma fiiaptf`ka ukhzfbg rfta.


9>>



Paquast Oukkkcagt \urpbsa4 \urpbsa4 Paquast oukohkcagt hs tma prbiass raspbgsh bo fkk sarvhia raquasts orbc tma usars.

`ka obr cfgfnhgn tma khoaiyika

B`daivas4 Cfhgtfhg usar fgj iustbcar sfsofibg tmrbunm aihagt fgj prboasshbgfk mfgjkhgn bo fkk sarvhia raquasts.

\rbvhja f imfggak obr usars tb raquast fgj raiahva stfgjfrj sarvhias.

Yburia fgj jakhvar tma ibcpbgagts bo raquastaj stfgjfrj sarvhias .

Avagt Cfgfnacagt \urpbsa4 Paquast oukkcagt hs tma prbiass raspbgsh`ka obr cfgfnhgn tma khoaiyika bo fkk sarvhia raquasts orbc tma usars. B`daivas4 Zma b`daivas bo tma raquast oukkcagt prbiass fra tb4 

Cfhgtfhg usar fgj iustbcar sfsofibg tmrbunm aihagt fgj prboasshbgfk mfgjkhgn bo fkk sarvhia raquasts.



\rbvhja f imfggak obr usars tb raquast fgj raiahva stfgjfrj sarvhias obr wmhim f pra-jagaj fpprbvfk fgj qufkhifbg prbiass axhsts.



\rbvhja hgobrcfbg tb usars fgj iustbcars f`but tma fvfhkf`hkhty bo sarvhias fgj tma prbiajura obr b`tfhghgn tmac



Yburia fgj jakhvar tma ibcpbgagts bo raquastaj stfgjfrj sarvhias (a.n. Khiagsas fgj sbwfra cajhf)



Fsshst whtm nagarfk hgobrcfbg, ibcpkfhgts br ibccagts.


9>=



Paquast Oukkkcagt Yibpa 

Zma prbiass gaajaj tb oukkk f raquast whkk vfry japagjhgn upbg axfitky wmft hs àhgn raquastaj ’ ùt ifg usufkky à `rbeag jbwg hgtb f sat bo fivhas tmft mfva tb à parobrcaj.



Ybca brnfghzfbgs whkk à ibcobrtf`ka kagn tma sarvhia raquasts à mfgjkaj tmrbunm tmahr hgihjagt cfgfnacagt prbiass (fgj tbbks) ’ whtm sarvhia raquasts àhgn mfgjkaj fs f pfriukfr typa bo ”hgihjagt‘.

Paquast Oukkkcagt Yibpa4 Zma prbiass gaajaj tb oukkk f raquast whkk vfry japagjhgn upbg axfitky wmft hs àhgn raquastaj ’ ùt ifg usufkky à `rbeag jbwg hgtb f sat bo fivhas tmft mfva tb à parobrcaj. Obr afim raquast, tmasa fivhas smbukj à jbiucagtaj hgtb f raquast cbjak fgj stbraj hg tma YECY. Ybca brnfghzfbgs whkk à ibcobrtf`ka tb kat tma Yarvhia Paquasts à mfgjkaj tmrbunm tmahr Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt prbiassas (fgj tbbks) ’ whtm Yarvhia Paquasts àhgn mfgjkaj fs f pfriukfr typa bo ”hgihjagt‘ (ushgn f mhnm-kavak iftanbrhzfbg systac tb hjagoy tmbsa ”hgihjagts‘ tmft fra hg ofit Yarvhia Paquasts). Gbta, mbwavar, tmft tmara hs f shnghifgt jharagia mara ’ fg hgihjagt hs usufkky fg ugpkfggaj avagt, wmarafs f sarvhia raquast hs usufkky sbcatmhgn tmft ifg fgj smbukj à pkfggaj! Zmaraobra, hg fg brnfghzfbg wmara kfrna gucàrs bo Yarvhia Paquasts mfva tb à mfgjkaj, fgj wmara tma fibgs tb à tfeag tb oukkk tmbsa raquasts fra vary vfrhaj br spaihfkhzaj, ht © Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

9>8



cfy à fpprbprhfta tb mfgjka Yarvhia Paquasts fs f ibcpkataky sapfrfta wbre strafc ’ fgj tb raibrj fgj cfgfna tmac fs f sapfrfta raibrj typa. Zmhs cfy à pfriukfrky fpprbprhfta ho tma brnfghzfbg mfs imbsag tb whjag tma sibpa bo tma Yarvhia Jase tb axpfgj upbg dust HZ-rakftaj hssuas fgj usa tma jase fs f obifk pbhgt obr btmar typas br raquast obr sarvhia ’ obr axfcpka, f raquast tb sarvhia f pmbtbibphar br avag nbhgn sb ofr fs tb hgikuja, obr axfcpka, ùhkjhgn cfgfnacagt hssuas, suim fs f gaaj tb rapkfia f khnmt tcagt br rapfhr f kafe hg tma pkuc`hgn.. Gbta4 Ht whkk ukcftaky à up tb afim brnfghzfbg tb jaihja fgj jbiucagt wmhim raquast ht whkk mfgjka tmrbunm tma Paquast Oukkkcagt prbiass fgj wmhim btmars whkk mfva tb nb tmrbunm cbra obrcfk Imfgna Cfgfnacagt. Zmara whkk fkwfys à nray frafs wmhim pravagt nagarhi nuhjfgia orbc àhgn usaoukky prasirhàj. Zma vfkua bo Paquast Oukkkcagt hs tb prbvhja quhie fgj aaiva fiiass tb stfgjfrj sarvhias wmhim ùshgass stf ifg usa tb hcprbva tmahr prbjuivhty br tma qufkhty bo ùshgass sarvhias fgj prbjuits.. Paquast Oukkkcagt aaivaky rajuias tma ùrafuirfiy hgvbkvaj hg raquasgn fgj raiahvhgn fiiass tb axhsgn br gaw sarvhias, tmus fksb rajuihgn tma ibst bo prbvhjhgn tmasa sarvhias. Iagtrfkhzhgn oukkkcagt fksb hgirafsas tma kavak bo ibgtrbk bvar tmasa sarvhias. Zmhs hg turg ifg makp rajuia ibsts tmrbunm iagtrfkhzaj ganbfbg whtm suppkhars, fgj ifg fksb makp tb rajuia tma ibst bo suppbrt.


9=<



Paquast Oukkcagt ’ Paquast Cbjaks Paquast Cbjaks Ybca sarvhia raquasts whkk biiur oraquagtky fgj whkk raquhra mfgjkhgn ibgshstagtky hg brjar tb caat fnraaj sarvhia kavaks. Zb fsshst tmhs, cfgy brnfghzfbgs whkk whsm tb irafta prajagaj raquast cbjaks .

Zmhs hs shchkfr hg ibgiapt tb tma hjaf bo hgihjagt cbjaks fkrafjy jasirhàj

hg hgihjagt cfgfnacagt, ùt fppkhaj tb sarvhia raquasts.

Paquast Oukkcagt ’ Paquast Cbjaks Paquast cbjaks4 Ybca sarvhia raquasts whkk biiur oraquagtky fgj whkk raquhra mfgjkhgn ibgshstagtky hg brjar tb caat fnraaj sarvhia kavaks. Zb fsshst tmhs, cfgy brnfghzfbgs whkk whsm tb irafta prajagaj raquast cbjaks (wmhim typhifkky hgikuja bga br cbra stfgjfrj imfgnas hg brjar tb ibcpkata oukkcagt fivhas). Zmhs hs shchkfr hg ibgiapt tb tma hjaf bo hgihjagt cbjaks fkrafjy jasirhàj hg hgihjagt cfgfnacagt, ùt fppkhaj tb sarvhia raquasts.


9=6



Paquast Oukkcagt - Pbkas Zma Paquast Oukkcagt prbiass cfgfnars raspbgsh`hkhas typhifkky hgikuja4 




\kfgghgn fgj cfgfnhgn suppbrt obr raquast oukkcagt bbks t fgj prbiassas.



Ibbrjhgfgn hgtarofias àtwaag raquast oukkcagt fgj btmar prbiassas.



Mfgjhgn stf, iustbcar fgj cfgfnacagt ibgiargs, raquasts, hssuas fgj agquhrhas.

Paquast Oukkcagt - Pbkas Paquast Oukkcagt \rbiass Bwgar4Zma raquast oukkcagt prbiass bwgar‘s raspbgsh`hkhas typhifkky hgikuja4 

Ifrryhgn but tma nagarhi prbiass bwgar rbka obr tma raquast oukkcagt prbiass.



Jashnghgn raquast oukkcagt cbjaks fgj wbrebws.



^brehgn whtm btmar prbiass bwgars tb agsura tmara hs fg hgtanrftaj fpprbfim tb tma jashng fgj hcpkacagtfbg bo raquast oukkcagt, hgihjagt cfgfnacagt, avagt cfgfnacagt, fiiass cfgfnacagt fgj prb`kac cfgfnacagt.


9=0



Paquast Oukkcagt \rbiass Cfgfnar4 




\kfgghgn fgj cfgfnhgn suppbrt obr raquast oukkcagt tbbks fgj prbiassas.



Ibbrjhgfgn hgtarofias àtwaag raquast oukkcagt fgj btmar prbiassas.



Mfgjhgn stf, iustbcar fgj cfgfnacagt ibgiargs, raquasts, hssuas fgj agquhrhas.



Agsura raquast oukkcagt fivhas bparfta hg khga whtm sarvhia kavak tfrnats.



Pavhawhgn fgj fgfkyzhgn fkk raquast oukkcagt rapbrts tb prbfivaky saae hcprbvacagts.

Paquast Oukkcagt Fgfkyst4Zmhs rbka ibbrjhgftas oukkcagt bo sarvhia raquasts tb cfhgtfhg mhnm kavaks bo sfsofibg whtm HZ sarvhias. Ht bvarsaas, cfgfnas fgj ibbrjhgftas fkk fivhas tb raspbgj tb f sarvhia raquast fgj sarvas fs f shgnka pbhgt bo ibgtfit ugk ht mfs àag oukkkaj. Zma raquast oukkcagt fgfkyst‘s raspbgsh`hkhas typhifkky hgikuja4 

\rbvhjhgn f shgnka pbhgt bo ibgtfit fgj agj-tb-agj raspbgsh`hkhty tb agsura su`chaj sarvhia raquasts mfva àag prbiassaj.



\rbvhjhgn hghfk trhfna bo sarvhia raquasts tb jatarchga wmhim HZ rasburias smbukj à agnfnaj tb oukk tmac.



Ibccughifgn sarvhia raquasts tb btmar HZ rasburias tmft whkk à hgvbkvaj hg oukkkhgn tmac.



Asifkfgn sarvhia raquasts hg khga whtm astf`khsmaj sarvhia kavak tfrnats.



Agsurhgn sarvhia raquasts fra fpprbprhftaky kbnnaj.

Hghfk mfgjkhgn bo sarvhia raquasts hs ibccbgky ugjartfeag `y tma sarvhia jase fgj hgihjagt cfgfnacagt stf.


9=9



Avagtufk oukkcagt bo tma sarvhia raquast whkk à ugjartfeag `y tma fpprbprhfta sarvhia bparfbg tafc(s) br japfrtcagts fgj/br `y axtargfk suppkhars, fs fpprbprhfta. Bag, ofihkhas cfgfnacagt, prbiuracagt fgj btmar ùshgass frafs fhj hg tma oukkcagt bo tma sarvhia raquast. Hg cbst ifsas tmara whkk à gb gaaj obr fjjhbgfk rbkas br pbsts tb à iraftaj. Hg axiapbgfk ifsas wmara f vary mhnm gucàr bo sarvhia raquasts fra mfgjkaj, br wmara tma raquasts fra bo irhifk hcpbrtfgia tb tma brnfghzfbg, ht cfy à fpprbprhfta tb mfva bga br cbra bo tma hgihjagt cfgfnacagt tafc jajhiftaj tb mfgjkhgn fgj cfgfnhgn sarvhia raquasts.


9=:



Fiiass Cfgfnacagt \urpbsa Zb prbvhja tma rhnmt obr usars tb à f`ka tb usa f sarvhia br nrbup bo sarvhias. Ht hs tmaraobra tma axaiubg bo pbkhihas fgj fibgs jagaj hg hgobrcfbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt.

B`daivas Cfgfna fiiass tb sarvhias `fsaj bg pbkhihas fgj fibgs jagaj hg hgobrcfbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt. Aihagtky raspbgj tb raquasts obr nrfggn fiiass tb sarvhias, imfgnhgn fiiass rhnmts br rastrhign fiiass, agsurhgn tmft tmarhnmts àhgn prbvhjaj.

Bvarsaa fiiass tb sarvhias fgj agsura rhnmts àhgn prbvhjaj fra gbt hcprbparky usaj.

Fiiass Cfgfnacagt \urpbsa4 Zma purpbsa bo fiiass cfgfnacagt hs tb prbvhja tma rhnmt obr usars tb à f`ka tb usa f sarvhia br nrbup bo sarvhias. Ht hs tmaraobra tma axaiubg bo pbkhihas fgj fibgs jagaj hg hgobrcfbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt. B`daivas4 Zma b`daivas bo tma fiiass cfgfnacagt prbiass fra tb4 





Cfgfna fiiass tb sarvhias `fsaj bg pbkhihas fgj fibgs jagaj hg hgobrcfbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt (saa HZHK Yarvhia Jashng).

Aihagtky raspbgj tb agsurhgn raquasts tmft obr nrfggn fiiass sarvhias,brimfgnhgn rhnmts br rastrhign fiiass, tma rhnmts àhgntb prbvhjaj imfgnaj fiiass fra prbparky nrfgtaj. Bvarsaa fiiass tb sarvhias fgj agsura rhnmts àhgn prbvhjaj fra gbt hcprbparky usaj.


9=1



Fiiass Cfgfnacagt - Yibpa

Fiiass cfgfnacagt agsuras tmft usars fra nhvag tma rhnmt tb usa f sarvhia, ùt ht jbas gbt agsura tmft tmhs fiiass hs fvfhkf`ka ft fkk cas ’ tmhs hs prbvhja `y fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt.

Fiiass cfgfnacagt hs f prbiass tmft hs axaiutaj `y fkk taimghifk fgj fppkhifbg cfgfnacagt ougibgs fgj hs usufkky gbt f sapfrfta ougibg.

Fiiass Cfgfnacagt ifg à hghftaj `y sarvhia raquast.

Fiiass Cfgfnacagt - Yibpa Yibpa4 Fiiass cfgfnacagt agsuras tmft usars fra nhvag tma rhnmt tb usa f sarvhia, ùt ht jbas gbt agsura tmft tmhs fiiass hs fvfhkf`ka ft fkk cas ’ tmhs hs prbvhja `y fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt. Fiiass cfgfnacagt hs f prbiass tmft hs axaiutaj `y fkk taimghifk fgj fppkhifbg cfgfnacagt ougibgs fgj hs usufkky gbt f sapfrfta ougibg. Fiiass Cfgfnacagt ifg à hghftaj `y sarvhia raquast.


9=?



Fiiass Cfgfnacagt - @fshi Ibgiapt Fiiass cfgfnacagt hs tma prbiass tmft agf`kas usars tb usa tma sarvhias tmft fra jbiucagtaj hg tma sarvhia iftfkbnua. Ht ibcprhsas tma obkkbwhgn `fshi ibgiapts4

Fiiass

Hjagty

Phnmts

Yarvhia Nrbups

Jhraitbry Yarvhias

Fiiass Cfgfnacagt - @fshi Ibgiapt Fiiass cfgfnacagt hs tma prbiass tmft agf`kas usars tb usa tma sarvhias tmft fra jbiucagtaj

hg tma sarvhia iftfkbnua. Ht ibcprhsas tma obkkbwhgn `fshi ibgiapts4 

Fiiass4 Fiiass raoars tb tma kavak fgj axtagt bo f sarv hia‘s ougibgfkhty br jftf tmft f usar hs agtkaj tb usa.



Hjagty4 Hjagty raoars tb tma hgobrcfbg f`but tmac tmft jhsgnuhsmas tmac fs fg hgjhvhjufk fgj wmhim varhas tmahr stftus whtmhg tma brnfghzfbg. @y jaghbg, tma hjagty bo f usar hs ughqua tb tmft usar.



Phnmts4 Phnmts (fksb ifkkaj prhvhkanas) raoar tb tma fitufk sagns wmara`y f usar hs prbvhjaj fiiass tb f sarvhia br nrbup bo sarvhias. Zyphifk rhnmts, br kavaks bo fiiass, hgikuja rafj, wrhta, axaiuta, imfgna, jakata.


9=>





Yarvhias br sarvhia nrbups4 Yarvhias br sarvhia nrbups. Cbst usars jb gbt usa bgky bga sarvhia, fgj usars parobrchgn f shchkfr sat bo fivhas whkk usa f shchkfr sat bo sarvhias. Hgstafj bo prbvhjhgn fiiass tb afim sarvhia obr afim usar sapfrftaky, ht hs cbra aihagt tb à f`ka tb nrfgt afim usar ’ br nrbup bo usars ’ fiiass tb tma wmbka sat bo sarvhias tmft tmay fra agtkaj tb usa ft tma sfca ca.



Jhraitbry sarvhias4 Jhraitbry sarvhias raoar tb spaihi typas bo tbbks tmft fra usaj tb cfgfna fiiass fgj rhnmts.


9==



Fiiass CfgfnacagtPbkas - \rbiass Cfgfnar

Zma fiiass cfgfnacagt prbiass cfgfnar‘s raspbgsh`hkhas typhifkky hgikuja4 

Ifrryhgn but tma nagarhi prbiass cfgfnar rbka obr tma fiiass cfgfnacagt prbiass.



\kfgghgn fgj cfgfnhgn suppbrt obr fiiass cfgfnacagt tbbks fgj prbiassas.



Ibbrjhgfgn hgtarofias àtwaag fiiass cfgfnacagt fgj btmar sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas.

Fiiass Cfgfnacagt Pbkas - \rbiass Cfgfnar Fiiass Cfgfnacagt \rbiass Cfgfnar4 Zma fiiass cfgfnacagt prbiass cfgfnar‘s raspbgsh`hkhas typhifkky hgikuja4 

Ifrryhgn but tma nagarhi prbiass cfgfnar rbka obr tma fiiass cfgfnacagt prbiass.



\kfgghgn fgj cfgfnhgn suppbrt obr fiiass cfgfnacagt tbbks fgj prbiassas.



Ibbrjhgfgn hgtarofias àtwaag fiiass cfgfnacagt fgj btmar sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas.

Zma Pbka bo Zaimghifk fgj Fppkhifbg Cfgfnacagt Ytf4 Zaimghifk fgj fppkhifbg cfgfnacagt pkfy savarfk hcpbrtfgt rbkas fs obkkbws4 

Jurhgn sarvhia trfgshbg, tmay whkk tast tma sarvhia tb agsura tmft fiiass ifg à nrfgtaj, ibgtrbkkaj fgj pravagtaj fs jashngaj.


9=8





Jurhgn sarvhia bparfbg, tmasa tafcs whkk typhifkky parobrc fiiass cfgfnacagt obr tma systacs ugjar tmahr ibgtrbk. Ht hs ugusufk obr tafcs tb mfva f jajhiftaj parsbg tb cfgfna fiiass cfgfnacagt, ùt afim cfgfnar br tafc kafjar whkk agsura tmft tma fpprbprhfta prbiajuras fra jagaj fgj axaiutaj fiibrjhgn tb tma prbiass fgj pbkhiy raquhracagts.



Zaimghifk fgj fppkhifbg cfgfnacagt whkk fksb à hgvbkvaj hg jafkhgn whtm hgihjagts fgj prb`kacs rakftaj tb fiiass cfgfnacagt.



Ho fiiass cfgfnacagt fivhas fra jakanftaj tb tma sarvhia jase br HZ bparfbgs cfgfnacagt, taimghifk fgj fppkhifbg cfgfnacagt cust agsura tmft tma stf fra fjaquftaky trfhgaj fgj tmft tmay mfva fiiass tb tma fpprbprhfta tbbks tb agf`ka tmac tb parobrc tmasa tfses.


98<



Yarvhia Jase Ougibg F Yarvhia Jase hs f ougibgfk ught bo fg brnfghzfbg ibgshsgn bo jajhiftaj stf wmb fra raspbgsh`ka obr jafkhgn whtm f whja vfrhaty bo avagts bag cfja vhf f takapmbga br f wa` hgtarofia. Zma sarvhia jase hs f vhtfkky hcpbrtfgt pfrt bo fg HZ brnfghzfbg fgj smbukj à tma shgnka pbhgt bo ibgtfit obr HZ usars bg f jfy-`y-jfy `fshs. Ht gbt bgky mfgjkas hgihjagts, asifkftas hgihjagts tb prb`kac cfgfnacagt stf, cfgfnas sarvhia raquasts fgj fgswars quasbgs.

Dusifbg fgj rbka bo tma sarvhia jase4 Zma rbka bo tma sarvhia jase ifggbt à quasbgaj fs brnfghzfbgs fra ibgrcaj tmft tmhs hs `y ofr tma àst fpprbfim tb jafk whtm rst khga HZ Hssuas.

Yarvhia Jase Ougibg Yarvhia jase ougibg4 F sarvhia jase hs f ougibgfk ught cfja up bo f jajhiftaj gucàr bo stf raspbgsh`ka obr jafkhgn whtm f vfrhaty bo sarvhia fivhas, usufkky cfja vhf takapmbga ifkks, wa` hgtarofia, br futbcfifkky rapbrtaj hgorfstruitura avagts. Zma sarvhia jase hs f vhtfkky hcpbrtfgt pfrt bo fg HZ brnfghzfbg fgj smbukj à tma shgnka pbhgt bo ibgtfit obr HZ usars bg f jfy-`y-jfy `fshs. Ht gbt bgky mfgjkas hgihjagts, asifkftas hgihjagts tb prb`kac cfgfnacagt stf, cfgfnas sarvhia raquasts fgj fgswars quasbgs5 ht cfy fksb prbvhja fg hgtarofia obr btmar fivhas suim fs iustbcar imfgna raquasts, cfhgtagfgia ibgtrfits, sbwfra khiagias, YKC, sarvhia fssat fgj ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt, fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt, gfgihfk cfgfnacagt obr HZ sarvhias, fgj HZ sarvhia ibgguhty cfgfnacagt. Zma vfkua bo fg aaiva sarvhia jase smbukj gbt à ugjarascftaj ’ f nbbj sarvhia jase ifg bag ibcpagsfta obr jaihagihas aksawmara hg tma HZ brnfghzfbg, ùt f pbbr sarvhia jase (br tma kfie bo f sarvhia jase) ifg nhva f pbbr hcprasshbg bo fg btmarwhsa vary aaiva © Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

986



HZ brnfghzfbg! Ht hs tmaraobra vary hcpbrtfgt tmft tma ibrrait ifkh`ra bo stf à usaj bg tma sarvhia jase fgj tmft HZ cfgfnars jb tmahr àst tb cfea tma jase fg frfiva pkfia tb wbre tb hcprbva stf ratagbg. Zma axfit gftura, typa, shza fgj kbifbg bo f sarvhia jase whkk vfry, japagjhgn upbg tma typa bo ùshgass, gucàr bo usars, nabnrfpmy, fgj ibcpkaxhty bo ifkks, sibpa bo sarvhias fgj cfgy btmar ofitbrs. Hg fkhngcagt tb iustbcar fgj ùshgass raquhracagts, tma HZ brnfghzfbg‘s saghbr cfgfnars smbukj jaihja tma axfit gftura bo hts raquhraj sarvhia jase (fgj wmatmar ht smbukj à hgtargfk br butsburiaj tb f tmhrj pfrty).

Dusifbg fgj rbka bo tma sarvhia jase4 _ary khka dusifbg hs gaajaj tbjfy obr f sarvhia jase, fs cfgy brnfghzfbgs mfva àibca ibgvhgiaj tmft tmhs hs `y ofr tma àst fpprbfim obr jafkhgn whtm rst-khga HZ suppbrt hssuas. Bga bgky gaajs fse tma quasbg ”^mft hs tma fktargfva2‘ tb cfea f ibcpakkhgn ifsa obr tma sarvhia jase ibgiapt. ^mara ourtmar dusifbg hs gaajaj, tma obkkbwhgn àgats smbukj à ibgshjaraj4 



Hcprbvaj iustbcar sarvhia, pariapbg fgj sfsofibg. Hcprbvaj tafcwbre fgj ibccughifbg.



Agmfgiaj obius fgj f prbfiva fpprbfim tb sarvhia prbvhshbg.



Hcprbvaj usfna bo HZ suppbrt rasburias fgj hgirafsaj prbjuivhty bo ùshgass parsbggak.



Cbra cafghgnouk cfgfnacagt hgobrcfbg obr jaihshbg suppbrt.



Ht hs ibccbg prfiia tmft tma sarvhia jase prbvhjas agtry-kavak pbshbgs obr HZYC stf. ^brehgn bg tma sarvhia jase hs fg axiakkagt nrbugjhgn obr fgybga whsmhgn tb pursua f ifraar hg sarvhia cfgfnacagt. Mbwavar, tmhs ibukj fksb prasagt imfkkagnas whtm pabpka wmb jb gbt ugjarstfgj tma ùshgass br taimgbkbny.

Qsars ifkkhgn tma sarvhia jase smbukj à f`ka tb spafe tb sbcabga wmb hs f`ka tb fjjrass tmahr gaajs, fgj sarvhia jase fgfkysts smbukj gbt à ùrgaj but hg kass tmfg f yafr àifusa bo ugjua strass. Ifra smbukj à tfeag tb sakait fpprbprhftaky sehkkaj hgjhvhjufks whtm f nbbj ugjarstfgjhgn bo tma ùshgass fgj tb prbvhja fjaqufta trfhghgn ’ tmus pravaggn rajuibg hg kavaks bo suppbrt jua tb f kfie bo egbwkajna ft tma rst khga.


980



Yarvhia Jase Ougibg Yarvhia Jase B`daivas4 Zma prhcfry fhc bo tma sarvhia jase hs tb prbvhja f shgnka pbhgt bo ibgtfit àtwaag tma sarvhias àhgn prbvhjaj fgj tma usars. F typhifk sarvhia jase cfgfnas hgihjagts fgj sarvhia raquasts, fgj fksb mfgjkas ibccughifbg whtm tma usars.

Ypaihi raspbgsh`hkhas whkk hgikuja4 

Kbnnhgn tma hgihjagt /sarvhia raquast jatfhks, fkkbifgn iftanbrhzfbg fgj prhbrhzfbg ibjas.



Ibgjuign rst khga hgvasnfbg fgj jhfngbshs bo wmft wagt wrbgn.



Pasbkvhgn hgihjagts whtmhg tmahr ifpf`hkhas fgj asifkfgn tma hgihjagt fgj sarvhia raquasts tmft tmay fra gbt f`ka tb rasbkva.



Eaaphgn tma usars upjftaj bg tma prbnrass fgj ikbshgn rasbkvaj hgihjagts.

Yarvhia Jase Ougibg Yarvhia Jase B`daivas4 Zma prhcfry fhc bo tma sarvhia jase hs tb prbvhja f shgnka pbhgt bo ibgtfit àtwaag tma sarvhias àhgn prbvhjaj fgj tma usars. F typhifk sarvhia jase cfgfnas hgihjagts fgj sarvhia raquasts, fgj fksb mfgjkas ibccughifbg whtm tma usars. Yarvhia jase stf axaiutas tma hgihjagt cfgfnacagt fgj raquast oukkcagt prbiassas tb rastbra tma gbrcfk-stfta sarvhia bparfbg tb tma usars fs quhieky fs pbssh`ka. Hg tmhs ibgtaxt ”rastbrfbg bo sarvhia‘ hs cafgt hg tma whjast pbssh`ka sagsa. ^mhka tmhs ibukj hgvbkva xhgn f taimghifk ofukt, ht ibukj aqufkky hgvbkva oukkkhgn f sarvhia raquast br fgswarhgn f quary ’ fgytmhgn tmft hs gaajaj tb fkkbw tma usars tb raturg tb wbrehgn sfsofitbrhky. Ypaihi raspbgsh`hkhas whkk hgikuja4 

Kbnnhgn fkk rakavfgt hgihjagt/sarvhia raquast jatfhks, fkkbifgn iftanbrhzfbg fgj prhbrhzfbg ibjas.


989





\rbvhjhgn rst-khga hgvasnfbg fgj jhfngbshs.



Pasbkvhgn hgihjagts/sarvhia raquasts wmag rst ibgtfitaj wmagavar pbssh`ka.



Asifkfgn hgihjagts/sarvhia raquasts tmft tmay ifggbt rasbkva whtmhg fnraaj casifkas.



Eaaphgn usars hgobrcaj bo prbnrass.



Ikbshgn fkk rasbkvaj hgihjagts, raquasts fgj btmar ifkks.



Ibgjuign iustbcar/usar sfsofibg ifkk`fies/ survays fs fnraaj.



Ibccughifbg whtm usars ’ eaaphgn tmac hgobrcaj bo hgihjagt prbnrass, gboyhgn tmac bo hcpagjhgn imfgnas br fnraaj butfnas ati.


98:



Yarvhia Jase Ougibg

Yarvhia Jase Brnfghzfbgfk Ytruitura4





Kbifk Yarvhia Jase

Iagtrfkhzaj Yarvhia Jase



_hrtufk Yarvhia Jase



Obkkbw tma Yug

Yarvhia Jase Ougibg Yarvhia jase brnfghzfbgfk struitura4 Zmara fra cfgy wfys bo struiturhgn sarvhia jases fgj kbifgn tmac ’ fgj tma ibrrait sbkubg whkk vfry obr jharagt brnfghzfbgs. Zma prhcfry bpbgs fra jatfhkaj àkbw, ùt hg rafkhty fg brnfghzfbg cfy gaaj tb hcpkacagt f struitura tmft ibc`hgas f gucàr bo tmasa bpbgs hg brjar tb oukky caat tma ùshgass gaajs.


981



Kbifk Yarvhia Jase

Qsar

Qsar

Qsar

Qsar

Iustbcar Yhta

Yarvhia Jase

Zaimghifk cfgfnacagt


HZ bparfbgs cfgfnacagt

Zmhrj-pfrty

suppbrt

Paquast oukﬆkcagt

Kbifk Yarvhia Jase Zmhs hs wmara f jase hs ib-kbiftaj whtmhg br pmyshifkky ikbsa tb tma usar ibccughty ht sarvas. Zmhs bag fhjs ibccughifbg fgj nhvas f ikafrky vhsh`ka prasagia, wmhim sbca usars khea, ùt ifg bag à hgaihagt fgj axpagshva tb rasburia fs kbifk stf fra aj up wfhgn tb jafk whtm hgihjagts wmag tma vbkuca fgj frrhvfk rfta bo ifkks cfy gbt dusoy tmhs.


98?



Zmara cfy, mbwavar, à sbca vfkhj rafsbgs obr cfhgtfhghgn f kbifk jase, avag wmara ifkk vbkucas fkbga jb gbt dusoy tmhs. Pafsbgs chnmt hgikuja4 

Kfgnufna fgj iukturfk br pbkhifk jharagias.



Jharagt ca zbgas.



Ypaihfkhzaj nrbups bo usars.



Zma axhstagia bo iustbchzaj br spaihfkhzaj sarvhias tmft raquhra spaihfkhst egbwkajna.



_H\/irhifkhty stftus bo usars.


98>



Iagtrfkhzaj Yarvhia Jase

Qsar

Qsar

Qsar

Qsar

Iustbcar shta 6

Qsar

Qsar

Qsar

Qsar

I us t b c a r s h t a 0

Qsar

Qsar

Qsar

Qsar

I us t b c a r s h t a 9

Yarvhia jase

Zaimghifk cfgfnacagt


HZ bparfbgs cfgfnacagt

Zmhrj - pfrty suppbrt

Paquast oukﬆkcagt

Iagtrfkhzaj sarvhia jase Ht hs pbssh`ka tb rajuia tma gucàr bo sarvhia jases `y carnhgn tmac hgtb f shgnka kbifbg (br hgtb f scfkkar gucàr bo kbifbgs) `y jrfwhgn tma stf hgtb bga br cbra iagtrfkhzaj sarvhia jase struituras. Zmhs ifg à cbra aihagt fgj ibst-aaiva, fkkbwhgn oawar bvarfkk stf tb jafk whtm f mhnmar vbkuca bo ifkks, fgj ifg fksb kafj tb mhnmar sehkk kavaks tmrbunm nraftar ofchkhfrhzfbg orbc cbra oraquagt biiurragia bo avagts. Ht chnmt skk à gaiassfry tb cfhgtfhg sbca obrc bo kbifk prasagia tb mfgjka pmyshifk suppbrt raquhracagts, ùt suim stf ifg à ibgtrbkkaj fgj japkbyaj orbc tma iagtrfk jase.


98=



_hrtufk Yarvhia Jase

Yfg Orfgihsib sarvhia jase \frhs sarvhia jase

Phb ja Dfgahrb sarvhia jase

_hrtufk Yarvhia jase

Yyjgay sarvhia jase

@ahdhgn sarvhia jase

Yarvhia Egbwkajna Cfgfnacagt systac Kbgjbg sarvhia jase

_hrtufk Yarvhia Jase _hrtufk sarvhia jase4 Zmrbunm tma usa bo taimgbkbny, pfriukfrky tma hgtargat, fgj tma usa bo ibrpbrfta suppbrt tbbks, ht hs pbssh`ka tb nhva tma hcprasshbg bo f shgnka, iagtrfkhzaj sarvhia jase wmag hg ofit tma parsbggak cfy à sprafj br kbiftaj hg fgy gucàr br typa bo nabnrfpmhifk br struiturfk kbifbgs. Zmhs `rhgns hg tma bpbg bo mbca wbrehgn, saibgjfry suppbrt nrbups, bsmbrhgn br butsburihgn ’ br fgy ibc`hgfbg gaiassfry tb caat usar jacfgj. Ht hs hcpbrtfgt tb gbta, mbwavar, tmft sfoanufrjs fra gaajaj hg fkk bo tmasa ihriucstfgias tb agsura ibgshstagiy fgj ughobrchty hg sarvhia qufkhty fgj iukturfk tarcs.


988



Obkkbw tma sug4 Ybca nkb`fk br hgtargfbgfk brnfghzfbgs cfy whsm tb ibc`hga twb br cbra bo tmahr nabnrfpmhifkky jhsparsaj sarvhia jases tb prbvhja f 0:-mbur obkkbw-tma-sug sarvhia. Obr axfcpka, f sarvhia jase hg tma Fshf-\fihi cfy mfgjka ifkks jurhgn hts stfgjfrj bia mburs fgj ft tma agj bo tmhs parhbj ht cfy mfgj bvar raspbgsh`hkhty obr fgy bpag hgihjagts tb f Aurbpafg-`fsaj jase. Zmft jase whkk mfgjka tmasa ifkks fkbgnshja hts bwg hgihjagts jurhgn hts stfgjfrj jfy fgj tmag mfgj bvar tb f QYF-`fsaj jase ’ wmhim gfkky mfgjs `fie raspbgsh`hkhty tb tma Fshf-\fihi jase tb ibcpkata tma iyika. Zmhs ifg nhva 0:-mbur ibvarfna ft rakfvaky kbw ibst, fs gb jase mfs tb wbre cbra tmfg f shgnka smh. Mbwavar, tma sfca sfoanufrjs bo ibccbg prbiassas, tbbks, smfraj jftf`fsas bo hgobrcfbg fgj iuktura cust à fjjrassaj obr tmhs fpprbfim tb prbiaaj ’ fgj wakk-ibgtrbkkaj asifkfbg fgj mfgjbvar prbiassas fra gaajaj.


:<<



Ypaihfkhzaj Yarvhia Jase nrbups Obr sbca brnfghzfbgs ht chnmt à àgaihfk tb irafta spaihfkhst nrbups whtmhg tma bvarfkk sarvhia jase struitura, sb tmft hgihjagts rakfgn tb f pfriukfr HZ sarvhia ifg à rbutaj jhraitky (gbrcfkky vhf takapmbgy sakaibg br f wa`-`fsaj hgtarofia) tb tma spaihfkhst nrbup. Zmhs ifg fkkbw ofstar rasbkubg bo tmasa hgihjagts, tmrbunm nraftar ofchkhfrhty fgj spaihfkhst trfhghgn.

Ypaihfkhzaj Yarvhia Jase nrbups Ypaihfkhzaj sarvhia jase nrbups4 Obr sbca brnfghzfbgs ht chnmt à àgaihfk tb irafta spaihfkhst nrbups whtmhg tma bvarfkk sarvhia jase struitura, sb tmft hgihjagts rakfgn tb f pfriukfr HZ sarvhia ifg à rbutaj jhraitky (gbrcfkky vhf takapmbgy sakaibg br f wa`-`fsaj hgtarofia) tb tma spaihfkhst nrbup. Zmhs ifg fkkbw ofstar rasbkubg bo tmasa hgihjagts, tmrbunm nraftar ofchkhfrhty fgj spaihfkhst trfhghgn. Zma sakaibg wbukj à cfja ushgn f sirhpt fkbgn tma khgas bo ”Ho ybur ifkk hs f`but tma ] sarvhia, pkafsa prass 6 gbw, btmarwhsa pkafsa mbkj obr f sarvhia jase fgfkyst‘. Ifra hs gaajaj gbt tb bvaribcpkhifta tma sakaibg, sb spaihfkhst nrbups smbukj bgky à ibgshjaraj obr f vary scfkk gucàr bo eay sarvhias wmara tmasa axhst, fgj wmara ifkk rftas f`but tmft sarvhia dusoy f sapfrfta spaihfkhst nrbup.


:<6



Gbta bg ùhkjhgn f shgnka pbhgt bo ibgtfit4 tb oukk fg brnfghzfbg‘s bvarfkk sarvhia jase struitura, hgjhvhjufk usars smbukj à hg gb jbu`t f`but wmb tb ibgtfit ho tmay gaaj fsshstfgia br wmara tmay ifg fiiass sako-makp suppbrt. F shgnka takapmbga gucàr (br f shgnka gucàr obr afim nrbup ho sapfrfta jases fra imbsag) smbukj à prbvhjaj fgj wakk pu`khihzaj, fs wakk fs f shgnka acfhk fjjrass fgj f shgnka wa` sarvhia jase ibgtfit pfna. Zmara fra savarfk wfys tb makp pu`khihza tma sarvhia jase takapmbga gucàr fgj acfhk fjjrass, fgj cfea tmac afshky fvfhkf`ka wmag usars fra kheaky tb gaaj tmac, suim fs4 

Hgikujhgn tma sarvhia jase takapmbga gucàr bg mfrjwfra IH kfàks, ffimaj tb tma ibcpbgagts tma usar hs kheaky tb à ifkkhgn f`but.



\rhggn sarvhia jase ibgtfit jatfhks bg takapmbgas.



Obr \Is fgj kfptbps, ushgn f iustbchzaj `fienrbugj br jasetbp whtm tma sarvhia jase ibgtfit jatfhks, tbnatmar whtm hgobrcfbg rafj orbc tma systac tmft whkk à gaajaj wmag ifkkhgn (suim fs H\ fjjrass, BY ùhkj gucàr ati.) hg bga ibrgar.



\rhggn tma sarvhia jase gucàr bg ”oraa`has‘ (pags, pagihks, cuns, cbusa cfts ati.).



\rbchgagtky pkfihgn tmasa jatfhks bg sarvhia jase hgtargat/hgtrfgat shtas.



Hgikujhgn tmac bg fgy ifkkhgn ifrjs br sfsofibg survay ifrjs ka whtm usars wmag f jase vhsht mfs àag gaiassfry.



Papafgn tma jatfhks bg fkk ibrraspbgjagia sagt tb usars (tbnatmar whtm ifkk raoaragia gucàrs).



\kfihgn tma jatfhks bg gbia `bfrjs br pmyshifk kbifbgs tmft usars fra kheaky tb ranukfrky vhsht (agtrfgias, ifgtaags, raorasmcagt frafs ati.).


:<0



Yarvhia Bparfbg Ougibg HZ bparfbgs cfgfnacagt Yarvhia jase

Zaimghifk cfgfnacagt Cfhgorfca

Yarvar Gatwbre Ytbrfna

HZ bparfbgs ibgtrbk Ibgsbka cfgfnacagt / bparfbgs `rhjna Db` simajukhgn @fieup fgj rastbra \rhgt fgj butput cfgfnacagt Ofihkhas cfgfnacagt Paibvary shtas Ibgtrfits Jftf iagtars Ibgsbkhjfbg

Fppkhifbg cfgfnacagt Ohgfgihfk fpps MP fpps @ushgass fpps

Jftf`fsa Jhraitbry sarvhias Jasetbp Chjjkawfra Hgtargat/wa`


:<9



Zaimghifk Cfgfnacagt Ougibg

Ht hs tma iustbjhfg bo taimghifk Hg egbwkajna axparsa rakftaj tb cfgfnhgn tma HZ Hgorfstruitura. tmhs rbka,fgj Zaimghifk Cfgfnacagt agsuras tmft tma egbwkajna raquhraj tb jashng, tast, cfgfna fgj hcprbva HZ sarvhias hs hjagaj, javakbpaj fgj ragaj. Hg tmhs rbka Zaimghifk Cfgfnacagt agsuras tmft rasburias fra aaivaky trfhgaj fgj japkbyaj tb jashng, ùhkj, trfgshbg, bparfta fgj hcprbva tma taimgbkbny raquhraj tb jakhvar fgj suppbrt HZ sarvhias.

Zaimghifk Cfgfnacagt b`daivas 

âkk jashngaj fgj mhnmky rashkhagt, ibst-aaiva taimghifk tbpbkbny.



Zma usa bo suihagt taimghifk sehkks tb cfhgtfhg tma taimghifk hgorfstruitura hg bpcuc ibgjhbg.

Zaimghifk Cfgfnacagt Ougibg Zaimghifk Cfgfnacagt Pbka pkfys f jufk rbka4@y parobrchgn tmasa twb rbkas, Zaimghifk Cfgfnacagt hs f`ka tb agsura tmft tma brnfghzfbg mfs fiiass tb tma rhnmt typa fgj kavak bo mucfg rasburias tb cfgfna taimgbkbny fgj, tmus, tb caat ùshgass b`daivas. Jaghgn tma raquhracagts obr tmasa rbkas stfrts hg Yarvhia Ytrftany fgj hs axpfgjaj hg Yarvhia Jashng, vfkhjftaj hg Yarvhia Zrfgshbg fgj ragaj hg Ibggufk Yarvhia Hcprbvacagt. \frt bo tmhs rbka hs fksb tb agsura f `fkfgia àtwaag tma sehkk kavak, ukhzfbg fgj tma ibst bo tmasa rasburias. Obr axfcpka, mhrhgn f tbp-kavak rasburia ft tma mhnmar agj bo tma sfkfry sifka fgj tmag bgky ushgn tmft sehkk obr 6<% bo tma ca hs gbt aaiva. F àar Zaimghifk Cfgfnacagt strftany wbukj à tb hjagoy tma cas tmft tma sehkk hs gaajaj fgj tmag mhra f ibgtrfitbr obr bgky tmbsa tfses.


:<:



Fgbtmar strftany hg kfrnar brnfghzfbgs hs tb kavarfna spaihfkhst stf but bo ”iagtrfk‘ pbbks sb tmft spaihfkhsts ifg à wakk ukhzaj fgj prbvhja fg aibgbcy bo sifka tb tma brnfghzfbg fgj chghchza tma gaaj tb mhra hg ibgtrfitbrs. Ypaihfkhzaj sehkks smbukj à hjagaj fcbgn rasburias hg tma HZ brnfghzfbg, tmag kavarfnaj obr spaihi gaajs fs tmay frhsa, fgfkbnbus tb f spaihfk tfiifk ught, wmbsa cacàrs fksb parobrc ranukfr juas ùt wmb fra fsshngaj tb tfses gaajhgn tmahr spaihfkhzaj sehkks. Zmhs typa bo rasburia ukhzfbg hs pfriukfrky usaouk `btm obr prbdait tafcs fgj prb`kac rasbkubg. Fg fjjhbgfk, ùt vary hcpbrtfgt rbka pkfyaj `y Zaimghifk Cfgfnacagt hs tb prbvhja nuhjfgia tb HZ Bparfbgs f`but mbw àst tb ifrry but tma bgnbhgn bparfbgfk cfgfnacagt bo taimgbkbny. Zmhs rbka hs pfrtky ifrrhaj but jurhgn tma Yarvhia Jashng prbiass, ùt ht hs fksb f pfrt bo avaryjfy ibccughifbg whtm HZ Bparfbgs Cfgfnacagt fs tmay saae tb fimhava stf`hkhty fgj bpcuc parobrcfgia.

Zaimghifk Cfgfnacagt B`daivas4 Zma b`daivas bo taimghifk cfgfnacagt fra tb makp pkfg, hcpkacagt fgj cfhgtfhg f stf`ka taimghifk hgorfstruitura tb suppbrt tma brnfghzfbg‘s ùshgass prbiassas tmrbunm4 

âkk jashngaj fgj mhnmky rashkhagt, ibst-aaivataimghifk tbpbkbny.



Zma usa bo fjaqufta taimghifk sehkks tb cfhgtfhg tma taimghifk hgorfstruitura hg bpcuc ibgjhbg.



Ywh usa bo taimghifk sehkks tb spaajhky jhfngbsa fgj rasbkva fgy taimghifk ofhkuras tmft jb biiur.


:<1



HZ Bparfbgs Cfgfnacagt Ougibg HZ Bparfbgs Cfgfnacagt Pbka4 Zma rbka bo HZ bparfbgs cfgfnacagt hs tb axaiuta tma bgnbhgn fivhas fgj prbiajuras raquhraj tb cfgfna fgj cfhgtfhg tma HZ hgorfstruitura sb fs tb jakhvar fgj suppbrt HZ sarvhias ft tma fnraaj kavaks.

HZ Bparfbgs Ibgtrbk

Ofihkhas Cfgfnacagt

HZ Bparfbgs Ibgtrbk 

Ibgsbka Cfgfnacagt, wmhim raoars tb jaghgn iagtrfk b`sarvfbg fgj cbghtbrhgn ifpf`hkhty fgj tmag ushgn tmbsa ibgsbkas tb axarihsa cbghtbrhgn fgj ibgtrbk fivhas ¾ Db` Yimajukhgn, br tma cfgfnacagt bo rbuga `ftim db`s br sirhpts



@fieup fgj Pastbra bg àmfko bo fkk Zaimghifk fgj Fppkhifbg Cfgfnacagt tafcs fgj japfrtcagts fgj bag bg àmfko bo usars

HZ Bparfbgs Cfgfnacagt Ougibg HZ Bparfbgs Cfgfnacagt Pbka4Zma rbka bo HZ bparfbgs cfgfnacagt hs tb axaiuta tma bgnbhgn fivhas fgj prbiajuras raquhraj tb cfgfna fgj cfhgtfhg tma HZ hgorfstruitura sb fs tb jakhvar fgj suppbrt HZ sarvhias ft tma fnraaj kavaks. HZ Bparfbgs Ibgtrbk, wmhim bvarsaas tma axaiubg fgj cbghtbrhgn bo tma bparfbgfk fivhas fgj avagts hg tma HZ Hgorfstruitura. Zmhs ifg à jbga whtm tma fsshstfgia bo fg Bparfbgs @rhjna br Gatwbre Bparfbgs Iagtra. Hg fjjhbg tb axaiugn rbuga tfses orbc fkk taimghifk frafs, Bparfbgs Ibgtrbk fksb parobrcs tma obkkbwhgn spaihi tfses4 

Ibgsbka Cfgfnacagt, wmhim raoars tb jaghgn iagtrfk b`sarvfbg fgj cbghtbrhgn ifpf`hkhty fgj tmag ushgn tmbsa ibgsbkas tb axarihsa cbghtbrhgn fgj ibgtrbk fivhas ¾ Db` Yimajukhgn, br tma cfgfnacagt bo rbuga `ftim db`s br sirhpts.


:




@fieup fgj Pastbra bg àmfko bo fkk Zaimghifk fgj Fppkhifbg Cfgfnacagt tafcs fgj japfrtcagts fgj bag bg àmfko bo usars.



\rhgt fgj Butput cfgfnacagt obr tma ibkkfbg fgj jhstrhùbg bo fkk iagtrfkhzaj prhggn br akaitrbghi butput.



\arobrcfgia bo cfhgtagfgia fivhas bg àmfko bo Zaimghifk br Fppkhifbg Cfgfnacagt tafcs br japfrtcagts.


:<>



HZ Bparfbgs Cfgfnacagt Ougibg Ofihkhas Cfgfnacagt HZ Bparfbgs Cfgfnacagt hs raspbgsh`ka obr axaiugn tma fivhas fgj parobrcfgia stfgjfrjs jagaj jurhgn Yarvhia Jashng fgj tastaj jurhgn Yarvhia Zrfgshbg. HZ Bparfbgs Cfgfnacagt cust à f`ka tb ibggufkky fjfpt tb ùshgass raquhracagts fgj jacfgj. HZ Bparfbgs cust fimhava f `fkfgia àtwaag tmasa rbkas, wmhim whkk raquhra tma obkkbwhgn4 

Fg ugjarstfgjhgn bo mbw taimgbkbny hs usaj tb prbvhja HZ sarvhias



Fg ugjarstfgjhgn bo tma rakfva hcpbrtfgia fgj hcpfit bo tmbsa sarvhias bg tma ùshgass.



Fkk HZ bparfbgs stf ugjarstfgj axfitky mbw tma parobrcfgia bo tma taimgbkbny faits tma jakhvary bo HZ sarvhias.



F vfkua, rftmar tmfg ibst, `fsaj Paturg bg Hgvastcagt strftany.

HZ Bparfbgs Cfgfnacagt Ougibg Ofihkhas Cfgfnacagt4 wmhim raoars tb tma cfgfnacagt bo tma pmyshifk HZ agvhrbgcagt, typhifkky f Jftf Iagtra br ibcputar rbbcs fgj raibvary shtas tbnatmar whtm fkk tma pbwar fgj ibbkhgn aquhpcagt. Ofihkhas Cfgfnacagt fksb hgikujas tma ibbrjhgfbg bo kfrna-sifka ibgsbkhjfbg prbdaits, a.n. Jftf Iagtra ibgsbkhjfbg br sarvar ibgsbkhjfbg prbdaits. Hg sbca ifsas tma cfgfnacagt bo f jftf iagtar hs butsburiaj, hg wmhim ifsa Ofihkhas Cfgfnacagt raoars tb tma cfgfnacagt bo tma butsburihgn ibgtrfit. Fs whtm cfgy HZ Yarvhia Cfgfnacagt prbiassas fgj ougibgs, HZ Bparfbgs Cfgfnacagt pkfys f jufk rbka.


:<=



HZ Bparfbgs Cfgfnacagt hs raspbgsh`ka obr axaiugn tma fivhas fgj parobrcfgia stfgjfrjs jagaj jurhgn Yarvhia Jashng fgj tastaj jurhgn Yarvhia Zrfgshbg. Hg tmhs sagsa HZ Bparfbgs‘ rbka hs prhcfrhky tb cfhgtfhg tma stftus qub. Zma stf`hkhty bo tma HZ Hgorfstruitura fgj ibgshstagiy bo HZ sarvhias hs f prhcfry ibgiarg bo HZ Bparfbgs. Avag bparfbgfk hcprbvacagts fra fhcaj ft gjhgn shcpkar fgj àar wfys bo jbhgn tma sfca tmhgn. Ft tma sfca ca, HZ Bparfbgs hs pfrt bo tma prbiass bo fjjhgn vfkua tb tma jharagt khgas bo ùshgass fgj tb suppbrt tma vfkua gatwbre. Zma f`hkhty bo tma ùshgass tb caat hts b`daivas fgj tb racfhg ibcpava japagjs bg tma butput fgj rakhf`hkhty bo tma jfy-tb-jfy bparfbg bo HZ. Fs suim, HZ Bparfbgs Cfgfnacagt cust à f`ka tb ibggufkky fjfpt tb ùshgass raquhracagts fgj jacfgj. Zma @ushgass jbas gbt ifra tmft HZ Bparfbgs ibcpkhaj whtm f stfgjfrj prbiajura br tmft f sarvar parobrcaj bpcfkky. Fs ùshgass jacfgj fgj raquhracagts imfgna, HZ Bparfbgs Cfgfnacagt cust à f`ka tb eaap pfia whtm tmac, bag imfkkagnhgn tma stftus qub. HZ bparfbgs cust fimhava f `fkfgia àtwaag tmasa rbkas, wmhim whkk raquhra tma obkkbwhgn4 

Fg ugjarstfgjhgn bo mbw taimgbkbny hs usaj tb prbvhja HZ sarvhias.



Fg ugjarstfgjhgn bo tma rakfva hcpbrtfgia fgj hcpfit bo tmbsa sarvhias bg tma ùshgass.



\rbiajuras fgj cfgufks tmft butkhga tma rbka bo HZ bparfbgs hg `btm tma cfgfnacagt bo taimgbkbny fgj tma jakhvary bo HZ sarvhias.



F ikafrky jharagftaj sat bo catrhis tb rapbrt tb tma ùshgass bg tma fimhavacagt bo sarvhia b`daivas5 fgj tb rapbrt tb HZ cfgfnars bg tma aihagiy fgj aaivagass bo HZ bparfbgs.



Fkk HZ bparfbgs stf ugjarstfgjs axfitky mbw tma parobrcfgia bo tma taimgbkbny faits tma jakhvary bo HZ sarvhias.



F ibst strftany fhcaj ft `fkfgihgn tma raquhracagts bo jharagt ùshgass ughts whtm tma ibst sfvhgns fvfhkf`ka tmrbunm bpchzfbg bo axhsgn taimgbkbny br hgvastcagt hg gaw taimgbkbny.



F vfkua- rftmar tmfg ibst-`fsaj PBH strftany.


:<8



HZ Bparfbgs Cfgfnacagt Ougibg HZ Bparfbgs Cfgfnacagt B`daivas4 Zb fimhava stf`hkhty hg brnfghzfbg‘s jfy-tb-jfy prbiassas fgj fivhas, bga smbukj cfhgtfhg tma qub stftus.

Zb fimhava hcprbvaj sarvhias ft rajuiaj ibst whtm stf`hkhty f ranukfr fgfkyshs mfs tb à parobrcaj.

Yuccfrhas tma fppkhifbg bo bparfbgfk sehkks tb jhfngbsa fgj tb rasbkva HZ ofhkuras.

HZ Bparfbgs Cfgfnacagt b`daivas4 

Cfhgtagfgia bo tma stftus qub tb fimhava stf`hkhty bo tma brnfghzfbg‘s jfy-tb-jfy prbiassas fgj fivhas.



Panukfr sirugy fgj hcprbvacagts tb fimhava hcprbvaj sarvhia ft rajuiaj ibsts, wmhka cfhgtfhghgn stf`hkhty.



Ywh fppkhifbg bo bparfbgfk sehkks tb jhfngbsa fgj rasbkva fgy HZ bparfbgs ofhkuras tmft biiur.


:6<



Fppkhifbg Cfgfnacagt Ougibg Fppkhifbg Cfgfnacagt Pbka Fppkhifbg cfgfnacagt hs raspbgsh`ka obr cfgfnhgn fppkhifbgs tmrbunmbut tmahr khoaiyika. Zmhs jhars orbc fppkhifbg javakbpcagt fs fppkhifbg cfgfnacagt ibvars tma agra bgnbhgn khoaiyika bo fg fppkhifbg, hgikujhgn raquhracagts, jashng, ùhkj, japkby, bparfta fgj bpchza.

Fppkhifbg Cfgfnacagt B`daivas4 

Zb fsshsts hg jashnghgn fgj japkbycagt bo tmbsa fppkhifbgs fgj hg bgnbhgn suppbrt fgj hcprbvacagt bo fppkhifbgs.



Fppkhifbgs whtm wakk jashngaj, rashkhagt fgj ibst-aaiva.

Fppkhifbg Cfgfnacagt Ougibg Fppkhifbg Cfgfnacagt Pbka4Fppkhifbg cfgfnacagt hs tb fppkhifbgs wmft taimghifk cfgfnacagt hs tb tma HZ hgorfstruitura. Fppkhifbg cfgfnacagt fivhas fra parobrcaj hg fkk fppkhifbgs, wmatmar purimfsaj br javakbpaj hg-mbusa. Bga bo tma eay jaihshbgs tmft tmay ibgtrhùta tb hs tma jaihshbg bo wmatmar tb ùy fg fppkhifbg br ùhkj ht. Bgia tmft jaihshbg hs cfja, fppkhifbg cfgfnacagt whkk mfva savarfk rbkas4 

Ht hs tma iustbjhfg bo taimghifk egbwkajna fgj axparsa rakftaj tb cfgfnhgn fppkhifbgs. Hg tmhs rbka Fppkhifbg Cfgfnacagt, wbrehgn tbnatmar whtm Zaimghifk Cfgfnacagt, agsuras tmft tma egbwkajna raquhraj tb jashng, tast, cfgfna fgj hcprbva HZ sarvhias hs hjagaj, javakbpaj fgj ragaj.


:66





Ht prbvhjas tma fitufk rasburias tb suppbrt tma HZYC Khoaiyika. Hg tmhs rbka, Fppkhifbg Cfgfnacagt agsuras tmft rasburias fra aaivaky trfhgaj fgj japkbyaj tb jashng, ùhkj, fgj trfgshbg, bparfta fgj hcprbva tma taimgbkbny raquhraj tb jakhvar fgj suppbrt HZ sarvhias.

@y parobrchgn tmasa twb rbkas, Fppkhifbg Cfgfnacagt hs f`ka tb agsura tmft tma brnfghzfbg mfs fiiass tb tma rhnmt typa fgj kavak bo mucfg rasburias tb cfgfna fppkhifbgs fgj tmus tb caat ùshgass b`daivas. Zmhs stfrts hg Yarvhia Ytrftany fgj hs axpfgjaj hg Yarvhia Jashng, tastaj hg Yarvhia Zrfgshbg fgj ragaj hg Ibggufk Yarvhia Hcprbvacagt (saa btmar HZHK pu`khifbgs hg tmhs sarhas). \frt bo tmhs rbka hs tb agsura f `fkfgia àtwaag tma sehkk kavak fgj tma ibst bo tmasa rasburias. Hg fjjhbgfk tb tmasa twb mhnm-kavak rbkas, Fppkhifbg Cfgfnacagt fksb parobrcs tma obkkbwhgn twb spaihi rbkas4 

\rbvhjhgn nuhjfgia tb HZ Bparfbgs f`but mbw àst tb ifrry but tma bgnbhgn bparfbgfk cfgfnacagt bo fppkhifbgs. Zmhs rbka hs pfrtky ifrrhaj but jurhgn tma Yarvhia Jashng prbiass, ùt ht hs fksb f pfrt bo avaryjfy ibccughifbg whtm HZ Bparfbgs Cfgfnacagt fs tmay saae tb fimhava stf`hkhty fgj bpcuc parobrcfgia.



Zma hgtanrfbg bo tma Fppkhifbg Cfgfnacagt Khoaiyika hgtb tma HZYC Khoaiyika.

Fppkhifbg Cfgfnacagt b`daivas4 Zma b`daivas bo Fppkhifbg Cfgfnacagt fra tb suppbrt tma brnfghzfbg‘s ùshgass prbiassas `y makphgn tb hjagoy ougibgfk fgj cfgfnaf`hkhty raquhracagts obr fppkhifbg sbwfra, fgj tmag tb fsshst hg tma jashng fgj japkbycagt bo tmbsa fppkhifbgs fgj tma bgnbhgn suppbrt fgj hcprbvacagt bo tmbsa fppkhifbgs. Zmasa b`daivas fra fimhavaj tmrbunm4 







Fppkhifbgs tmft fra wakk jashngaj, rashkhagt fgj ibst-aaiva. Agsurhgn tmft tma raquhraj ougibgfkhty hs fvfhkf`ka tb fimhava tma raquhraj ùshgass butibca.

Zma brnfghzfbg bo fjaqufta taimghifk sehkks tb cfhgtfhg bparfbgfk fppkhifbgs hg bpcuc ibgjhbg. Ywh usa bo taimghifk sehkks tb spaajhky jhfngbsa fgj rasbkva fgy taimghifk ofhkuras tmft jb biiur.


:60



Yuccfry Yarvhia Bparfbgs \rhgihpkas Yarvhia Bparfbgs \rbiassas 

Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt



\rb`kac Cfgfnacagt



Fiiass Cfgfnacagt



Avagt Cfgfnacagt



Paquast Oukkcagt \rbiass

Yarvhia Bparfbgs Ougibgs 

Yarvhia Jase Ougibg



HZ Bparfbgs Cfgfnacagt Ougibg



Fppkhifbg Cfgfnacagt Ougibg



Zaimghifk Cfgfnacagt Ougibg

Pbkas hg Yarvhia Bparfbgs


:69



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:6:



Fssasscagt


:61



6.

^mhim bo obkkbwhgn stftacagts fra IBPPAIZ2 6. Fg Avagt ibukj à ifusaj `y fg axiapbg tb gbrcfk bparfbg, suim fs f javhia axiaajhgn f tmrasmbkj. 0. Fg Avagt ibukj à ifusaj `y gbrcfk bparfbg, suim fs f usar kbnnhgn hgtb fg fppkhifbg. f. 0 bgky `. 6 bgky i. @btm bo tma f`bva. j. Fkk bo tma f`bva.

0.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn ougibgs wbukj à raspbgsh`ka obr cfgfnacagt bo f jftf iagtra2 f. Zaimghifk Cfgfnacagt `. Yarvhia Jase. i. Fppkhifbg Cfgfnacagt j. Ofihkhas Cfgfnacagt.

9.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn ifg hgikuja staps tmft whkk makp tb rasbkva fg Hgihjagt2 6. Hgihjagt Cbjak 0. Egbwg Arrbr Paibrj. f. 6 bgky `. 0 bgky i. @btm bo tma f`bva. j. Gahtmar bo tma f`bva


:6?



:.

^mhim Ougibg hs raspbgsh`ka obr tma ikbsura bo fg Hgihjagt2 f. Avagt Cfgfnacagt `. Zma Yarvhia Jase bgky i. Ahtmar tma Yarvhia Jase br fg fpprbprhfta tmhrj pfrty agnhgaar. j. Fg fpprbprhfta ougibg.

1.

^mhim prbiass hs raspbgsh`ka obr kbw rhse, oraquagtky biiurrhgn, kbw ibst imfgnas2 f. Jacfgj Cfgfnacagt `. Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt i. Pakafsa fgj Japkbycagt Cfgfnacagt j. Paquast Oukkcagt Cfgfnacagt

?.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn smbukj à fvfhkf`ka tb tma Yarvhia Jase2 6. Egbwg Arrbr Jftf. 0. Imfgna Yimajukas 9. Yarvhia egbwkajna Cfgfnacagt Yystac :. Jhfngbsi sirhpts fgj tbbks f. 6 bgky `. 6, 0 FGJ 9 bgky i. 6 fgj 9 bgky j. Fkk bo tma f`bva.

>.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn fra nbfks bo Yarvhia Bparfbg2 6. Zb ibbrjhgfta fgj ifrry but tma fivhas fgj prbiassas raquhraj tb jakhvar fgj cfgfna sarvhias ft fnraaj kavaks tb tma ùshgass. 0. Zma suiiassouk rakafsa bo sarvhias hgtb tma khva agvhrbgcagt. f. 6 bgky `. 0 bgky


:6>



i. @btm bo tma f`bva j. Fkk bo tma f`bva. =.

^mft fra tma twb cfdbr prbiassas hg \rb`kac Cfgfnacagt2 f. Zaimghifk fgj Yarvhia `. Pasburia fgj \rbfiva i. Pafiva fgj \rbfiva j. Zaimghifk fgj Pafiva

8.

Mharfrimhi asifkfbgs fra àst jasirhàj fs2 f. Gboyhgn cbra saghbr kavaks bo cfgfnacagt f`but fg Hgihjagt. `. \fsshgn fg Hgihjagt tb pabpka whtm f nraftar kavak bo taimghifk sehkk. i. Qshgn cbra saghbr spaihfkhst tmfg gaiassfry tb rasbkva fg hgihjagt tb cfhgtfhg iustbcar sfsofibg. j. Ofhkhgn tb caat tma Hgihjagt rasbkubg cas spaihaj hg f sarvhia kavak fnraacagt.

6<. ^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn àst jasirhàs f \rb`kac2 f. Fg hssua rapbrtaj `y f usar. `. Zma ifusa bo twb br cbra hgihjagts. i. F sarhbus hgihjagt wmhim mfs f irhifk hcpfit tb tma ùshgass. j. Zma ifusa bo bga br cbra hgihjagts. 66. ^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn àst jasirhàs Zaimghifk Cfgfnacagt2 f. F ougibg raspbgsh`ka obr Ofihkhas Cfgfnacagt fgj ùhkjhgn ibgtrbk systacs. `. F ougibg tmft prbvhjas mfrjwfra rapfhr sarvhias obr taimgbkbny hgvbkvaj hg tma jakhvary bo sarvhia tb iustbcars. i. Yaghbr Cfgfnacagt raspbgsh`ka obr fkk stf whtmhg tma taimghifk suppbrt ougibg. j. F ougibg tmft hgikujas prbvhjhgn taimghifk axparsa fgj bvarfkk cfgfnacagt bo tma HZ Hgorfstruitura.


:6=



60. ^mhim prbiassas whkk ibgtrhùta CBYZ tb agf`khgn aaiva prb`kac jataibg2 f. Hgihjagt fgj Ohgfgihfk Cfgfnacagt. `. Imfgna fgj Pakafsa Cfgfnacagt. i. Hgihjagt fgj Avagt Cfgfnacagt. j. Egbwkajna fgj Yarvhia Kavak Cfgfnacagt. 69. ^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn smbukj à jbiucagtaj hg fg Hgihjagt Cbjak2 6. Jatfhks bo tma Yarvhia Kavak Fnraacagt partfhghgn tb tma hgihjagt. 0. Imrbgbkbnhifk brjar bo staps tb rasbkva tma hgihjagt. f. 6 bgky `. 0 bgky i. @btm bo tma f`bva j. Gbga bo tma f`bva 6:. ^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn prbiassas fra parobrcaj `y Yarvhia Jase2 6. Ifpfihty Cfgfnacagt. 0. Paquast Oukkcagt. 9. Jacfgj Cfgfnacagt :. Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt. f. Fkk bo tma f`bva `. 0, 9 fgj : bgky i. 0 fgj : bgky j. 0 bgky


:68


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> A K Q IBGZHGQFK YAP_HIA HC\PB_ACAGZ J B C

Kafrghgn B`daiva

Far tma ibcpkabg bo tmhs cbjuka pfrihpfgts whkk à f`ka tb4



Qgjarstfgj fgj axpkfhg tma ibgiapts fgj jaghbgs bo IYH.



Qgjarstfgj fgj axpkfhg tma Jachgn‘s Iyika.



Axpkfhg tma IYH Fpprbfim.



Qgjarstfgj tma IYH Panhstar.





Qgjarstfgj fgj axpkfhg tma Catrhis hg IYH Qgjarstfgj tma >-Ytap Hcprbvacagt prbiass whtmhg IYH.


:0<



Ibggufk sarvhia hcprbvacagt fgj tma sarvhia khoaiyika

Yarvhia strftany Ytrftanhas, pbkhihas, stfgjfrjs

Butput

Oaaj`fie Kassbgs kafrgaj obr hcprbvacagt Yarvhia jashng \kfgs tb irafta fgj cbjhoy sarvhias fgj sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas

Butput

Oaaj`fie Kassbgs kafrgaj obr hcprbvacagt

Oaaj`fie Kassbgs kafrgaj obr hcprbvacagt Yarvhia trfgshbg Cfgfna tma trfgshbg bo f gaw br imfgnaj sarvhia fgj/br sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiass hgtb prbjuibg

Oaaj`fie Kassbgs kafrgaj obr hcprbvacagt

Oaaj`fie Kassbgs kafrgaj obr hcprbvacagt Yarvhia bparfbg Jfy -tb-jfy bparfbg bo

Butput

sarvhias fgj sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas

Ibggufk sarvhia hcprbvacagt Fivhas fra acàjjaj hg tma sarvhia khoaiyika


:06



Cbjaks usaj hg IYH 

Jachgns Iyika (\JIF).

• \rbpbsaj `y Ajwfrj Jachgn obr Vufkhty Hcprbvacagt. 

IYH Fpprbfim.

• Bvarfkk fpprbfim tb Ibggufk Yarvhia Hcprbvacagt.


:00



Cbjaks usaj hg IYH - Jachgn Iyika (\JIF) Zma Jachgn Iyika4 ^. Ajwfrjs Jachgn hs àst egbwg obr mhs

cfgfnacagt pmhkbsbpmy kafjhgn tb mhnmar qufkhty , hgirafsaj prbjuithvhty, fgj f cbra ibcpaththva pbshthbg. Jachgns Iyika (\JIF) hs irhifk ft twb pbhgts hg IYH4

Hcpkacagtfbg bo IYH, fgj obr tma fppkhifbg bo IYH tb sarvhias fgj sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas. Ft hcpkacagtfbg, fkk obur stfnas bo tma Jachgn Iyika fra usaj.

^htm bgnbhgn hcprbvacagt, IYH jrfws bg tma imaie fgj fit stfnas tb cbghtbr, cafsura, fgj ravhaw fgj hcpkacagt hghfvas.

Cbjaks usaj hg IYH - Jachgn Iyika (\JIF) Zma Jachgn Iyika4 ^. Ajwfrjs Jachgn hs àst egbwg obr mhs cfgfnacagt pmhkbsbpmy kafjhgn tb mhnmar qufkhty, hgirafsaj prbjuivhty, fgj f cbra ibcpava pbshbg. Fs pfrt bo tmhs pmhkbsbpmy ma obrcukftaj 6: pbhgts bo fagbg obr cfgfnars. Ybca bo tmasa pbhgts fra cbra fpprbprhfta tb sarvhia cfgfnacagt tmfg btmars. Obr qufkhty hcprbvacagt ma prbpbsaj tma Jachgn Iyika br Ihrika. Zmhs iyika hs pfriukfrky fppkhif`ka hg IYH. Zma obur eay stfnas bo tma iyika fra \kfg, Jb, Imaie fgj Fit, far wmhim f pmfsa bo ibgsbkhjfbg pravagts tma ihrika orbc rbkkhgn `fie jbwg tma mhkk. Bur nbfk hg ushgn tma Jachgn Iyika hs stafjy, bgnbhgn hcprbvacagt. Ht hs f ougjfcagtfk tagat bo Ibggufk Yarvhia Hcprbvacagt.

Zma \JIF Iyika hs irhifk ft twb pbhgts hg IYH4 hcpkacagtfbg bo IYHs, fgj obr tma fppkhifbg bo IYH tb sarvhias fgj sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas. Ft hcpkacagtfbg, fkk obur stfnas bo tma Jachgn Iyika fra usaj. ^htm bgnbhgn hcprbvacagt, IYH jrfws bg tma imaie fgj fit stfnas tb cbghtbr, cafsura, fgj ravhaw fgj hcpkacagt hghfvas.


:09



Zma savag-stap hcprbvacagt prbiass ifg à vhawaj fs fg axfcpka bo fg hcpkacagtfbg bo tma \JIF iyika, whtm afim bo tma staps ofkkhgn whtmhg bga bo tma pmfsas bo tma iyika4 \kfg, Jb, Imaie, Fit. Zma iyika hs ugjarphggaj `y f prbiass-kaj fpprbfim tb cfgfnacagt wmara jagaj prbiassas fra hg pkfia, tma fivhas fra cafsuraj obr ibcpkhfgia tb axpaitaj vfkuas fgj butputs fra fujhtaj tb vfkhjfta fgj hcprbva tma prbiass. Ht smbukj à gbtaj tmft tma \JIF iyika hs f ougjfcagtfk pfrt bo cfgy qufkhty stfgjfrjs hgikujhgn HYB/HAI 0<<<<.


:0:



Cbjaks usaj hg IYH - Jachgn Iyika (\JIF)

FIZ

k a v a k y th r u t f C

\kfg Jb Imaie

\rbdait \kfg \rbdait Fujht

Fit

Gaw fibgs

\KFG @ushgass HZ fkhngcagt

IMAIE

JB

A﬌aiva qufkhty hcprbvacagt Ibgsbkhjfbg bo tma kavak rafimaj h.a. `fsakhga

Zhcasifka

Cbjaks usaj hg IYH - Jachgn Iyika (\JIF) Zma Jachgn Iyika4 ^. Ajwfrjs Jachgn hs àst egbwg obr mhs cfgfnacagt pmhkbsbpmy kafjhgn tb mhnmar qufkhty, hgirafsaj prbjuivhty, fgj f cbra ibcpava pbshbg. Fs pfrt bo tmhs pmhkbsbpmy ma obrcukftaj 6: pbhgts bo fagbg obr cfgfnars. Ybca bo tmasa pbhgts fra cbra fpprbprhfta tb sarvhia cfgfnacagt tmfg btmars. Obr qufkhty hcprbvacagt ma prbpbsaj tma Jachgn Iyika br Ihrika. Zmhs iyika hs pfriukfrky fppkhif`ka hg IYH. Zma obur eay stfnas bo tma iyika fra \kfg, Jb, Imaie fgj Fit, far wmhim f pmfsa bo ibgsbkhjfbg pravagts tma ihrika orbc rbkkhgn `fie jbwg tma mhkk. Bur nbfk hg ushgn tma Jachgn Iyika hs stafjy, bgnbhgn hcprbvacagt. Ht hs f ougjfcagtfk tagat bo Ibggufk Yarvhia Hcprbvacagt.


:01



Zma \JIF Iyika hs irhifk ft twb pbhgts h g IYH4 hcpkacagtfbg bo IYHs, fgj obr tma fppkhifbg bo IYH tb sarvhias fgj sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas. Ft hcpkacagtfbg, fkk obur stfnas bo tma Jachgn Iyika fra usaj. ^htm bgnbhgn hcprbvacagt, IYH jrfws bg tma imaie fgj fit stfnas tb cbghtbr, cafsura, fgj ravhaw fgj hcpkacagt hghfvas.

Zma savag-stap hcprbvacagt prbiass oukky jasirhàj kftar ifg à vhawaj fs fg axfcpka bo fg hcpkacagtfbg bo tma \JIF iyika, whtm afim bo tma staps ofkkhgn whtmhg bga bo tma pmfsas bo tma iyika4 \kfg, Jb, Imaie, Fit. Zma iyika hs ugjarphggaj `y f prbiass-kaj fpprbfim tb cfgfnacagt wmara jagaj prbiassas fra hg pkfia, tma fivhas fra cafsuraj obr ibcpkhfgia tb axpaitaj vfkuas fgj butputs fra fujhtaj tb vfkhjfta fgj hcprbva tma prbiass.


:0?



Ibggufk Yarvhia Hcprbvacagt Fpprbfim

Mbw jb wa eaap tma cbcagtuc nbhgn2

^mft hs tma vhshbg2

@ushgassnbfks vhshbg, chsshbg, fgj b`daivas

^mara fra wa gbw2

@fsakhga fssasscagts

^mara jb wa wfgt tb à2

Cafsurf`ka tfrnats

Mbw jb wa nat tmara2

Yarvhia fgj prbiass hcprbvacagt

Jhj wa nat tmara2

Cafsuracagts fgj catrhis

Ibggufk Yarvhia Hcprbvacagt Fpprbfim IYH Fpprbfim4 Zma ùshgass gaajs tb à hgvbkvaj whtm IYH hg jaihshbg cfehgn bg wmft hcprbvacagt hghfvas cfea sagsa fgj fjj tma nraftast vfkua `fie tb tma ùshgass. Zmara fra sbca eay quasbgs tmft whkk fsshst tma ùshgass hg cfehgn jaihshbgs f`but wmatmar f IYH hghfva hs wfrrfgtaj br gbt. Zma obkkbwhgn quasbgs fra bag fseaj orbc f ùshgass fgj HZ parspaiva. Gbt ugjarstfgjhgn sbca bo tmasa quasbgs ifg kafj tb imfkkagnas, pariahvaj pbbr sarvhia br hg sbca ifsas fitufk pbbr sarvhia4 



^mft hs tma vhshbg2 Zma quasbg smbukj fse `y tma HZ sarvhia prbvhjar tb ugjarstfgj wmft tma ukcfta fgj kbgn tarcs fhcs fra. ^mara fra wa gbw2 Zmhs hs f quasbg avary ùshgass smbukj stfrt but fsehgn fs tmhs iraftas f `fsakhga bo jftf obr sarvhias iurragtky àhgn jakhvaraj.


:0>





^mara jb wa wfgt à2 Zmhs hs bag axprassaj hg tarcs bo ùshgass raquhracagts.



Mbw jb wa nat tmara2 ^mft hcprbvacagt hghfvas fra raquhraj hg tma smbrt, cajhuc fgj kbgn tarc2 Zmasa hghfvas smbukj à kbnnaj hg IYH ranhstar.



Jhj wa nat tmara2 Zmhs hs jbiucagtaj tmrbunm cbghtbrhgn, rapbrgn fgj ravhawhgn bo sarvhia kavak fimhavacagts fgj fitufk parobrcfgia fnfhgst tfrnats hjagaj `y tma ùshgass raquhracagts.


:0=



Yavag Ytap Hcprbvacagt \rbiass

Ytap 6 ’ Hjagoy tma strftany obr hcprbvacagt

Ytap 0 ’ Jaga wmft ybu whkk cafsura

Ytap 9 ’ Nftmar tma jftf

Ytap : ’ \rbiass tma jftf

Ytap 1 ’ Fgfkysa tma hgobrcfbg fgj jftf

Ytap ? ’ \rasagt fgj usa tma hgobrcfbg

Ytap > ’ Hcpkacagt hcprbvacagt

Yavag Ytap Hcprbvacagt \rbiass Ytap 6 ’ Hjagoy tma strftany obr hcprbvacagt4 @aobra fgy ourtmar fivhty ifg à stfrtaj

ht hs hcparfva tmft tma bvarfkk vhshbg hs hjagaj. ^mft fra wa tryhgn tb fimhava obr tma ùshgass fs f wmbka2 Zma quasbgs wa gaaj tb fse fra4 ^mft hghfvas jbas tma ùshgass


:08



mfva tmft ibukj à ugjarchgaj `y pbbr HZ sarvhia prbvhshbg2 Br, cbra pbshvaky4 Mbw ifg hcprbvacagts hg HZ agf`ka tma ùshgass vhshbg tb à fimhavaj2 Zma fgswars tb tmasa quasbgs whkk ibca orbc stapphgn tmrbunm tma savag-stap hcprbvacagt prbiass. ^mft fra tma ùshgass fgj HZ strftany fgj pkfgs obr tma ibchgn cbgtms fgj yafrs2 ^my jb wa wfgt tb cafsura obr hcprbvacagt2 Zma bvarfkk strftany smbukj à fssassaj fgj fgfkysaj tb saa wmara wa gaaj tb obius bur cafsuracagts, obr axfcpka. Zma taimghifk fgj bparfbgfk nbfks fs wakk fs tma strftanhi nbfks gaaj tb à hjagaj fgj fssassaj. Zma vhshbg smbukj gbt à tb mfva stfta-bo-tma-frt sarvars fgj jase-tbp ibcputars, ùt tb mfva stfta botma-frt sarvhias tmft agsura fgj agf`ka tma bvarfkk ùshgass tb parobrc fs wakk fs pbssh`ka sb ht hs gbt hg fgy wfy ibgstrfhgaj `y tma qufkhty br ibst bo tma HZ sarvhias. Ytap 0 ’ Jaga wmft ybu whkk cafsura4 Zmhs stap hs jhraitky rakftaj tb tma strftanhi, tfiifk fgj bparfbgfk nbfks tmft mfva àag jagaj obr cafsurhgn sarvhias fgj sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas fs wakk fs tma axhsgn taimgbkbny fgj ifpf`hkhty tb suppbrt cafsurhgn fgj IYH fivhas.

Hg tmhs stap ybu gaaj tb jaga wmft ybu smbukj cafsura5 jaga wmft ybu ifg fitufkky cafsura5 ifrry but f nfp fgfkyshs5 fgj tmag gfkhza tma fitufk cafsuracagt pkfg. Fs stftaj pravhbusky, cafsuracagt whkk tfea pkfia ft sarvhia, prbiass fgj taimgbkbny kavaks. Ytap 0 hs htarfva jurhgn tma rast bo tma fivhas. Japagjhgn bg tma nbfks fgj b`daivas tb suppbrt sarvhia hcprbvacagt fivhas, fg brnfghzfbg cfy mfva tb purimfsa fgj hgstfkk gaw taimgbkbny tb suppbrt tma nftmarhgn fgj prbiasshgn bo tma jftf fgj/br mhra stf whtm tma raquhraj sehkks sats. Aaiva sarvhia cafsuras ibgiagtrfta bg f oaw vhtfk, cafghgnouk hgjhiftbrs tmft fra aibgbchifk, qufgtfva fgj usf`ka obr tma jashraj rasukts. Ho tmara fra tbb cfgy cafsuras, brnfghzfbgs cfy àibca tbb hgtagt bg cafsuracagt fgj kbsa obius bg hcprbvhgn rasukts. F nuhjhgn prhgihpka hs tb cafsura tmft wmhim cfars cbst. HZ mfs gavar kfieaj hg tma cafsurhgn fraf. Hg ofit, cfgy HZ brnfghzfbgs cafsura ofr tbb cfgy tmhgns tmft mfva khka br gb vfkua. Zmara hs bag gb tmbunmt br abrt nhvag tb fkhnghgn cafsuras tb tma ùshgass fgj HZ nbfks fgj b`daivas. Ytap 9 ’ Nftmar tma jftf4 Eay cassfna4 Nftmarhgn tma jftf hs sygbgycbus whtm sarvhia

cafsuracagt. mfvhgn cbghtbrhgn pkfia. Cbghtbrhgn ibukj à axaiutaj ushgn Nftmarhgn taimgbkbnyjftf suimraquhras fs fppkhifbg, systac fgjhgibcpbgagt cbghtbrhgn tbbks fs usaj hg tma avagt cfgfnacagt prbiass (jbiucagtaj hg sarvhia bparfbg) br avag à f cfgufk prbiass obr iartfhg tfses. Zma fiiurfiy fgj hgtanrhty bo tma jftf smbukj fkwfys à cfhgtfhgaj.


:9<



Vufkhty hs tma eay b`daiva bo cbghtbrhgn obr IYH. Cbghtbrhgn whkk tmaraobra obius bg tma aaivagass fgj aihagiy bo f sarvhia, prbiass, tbbk, brnfghzfbg br ibgnurfbg htac (IH). Zma acpmfshs hs gbt bg fssurhgn rafk-ca sarvhia parobrcfgia5 rftmar ht hs bg hjagoyhgn wmara hcprbvacagts ifg à cfja tb tma axhsgn kavak bo sarvhia, br HZ parobrcfgia. Cbghtbrhgn obr IYH whkk tmaraobra tagj tb obius bg jataign axiapbgs fgj rasbkubgs. Obr axfcpka, IYH hs gbt fs hgtarastaj hg wmatmar fg hgihjagt wfs rasbkvaj, ùt wmatmar ht wfs rasbkvaj whtmhg tma fnraaj ca, fgj wmatmar outura hgihjagts ifg à pravagtaj. IYH hs gbt bgky hgtarastaj hg axiapbgs, tmbunm. Ho fg YKF hs ibgshstagtky cat bvar ca, IYH whkk fksb à hgtarastaj hg jatarchghgn wmatmar tmft kavak bo parobrcfgia ifg à sustfhgaj ft f kbwar ibst br wmatmar ht gaajs tb à upnrfjaj tb fg avag àar kavak bo parobrcfgia àifusa bo imfgnhgn ùshgass raquhracagts. IYH cfy tmaraobra fksb gaaj fiiass tb ranukfr parobrcfgia rapbrts. Ytap : ’ \rbiass tma jftf4 Zmhs stap hs tb ibgvart tma jftf hgtb tma raquhraj obrcft fgj obr tma raquhraj fujhagia. Obkkbw tma trfhk orbc catrhi tb E\H tb IYO, fkk tma wfy `fie tb tma vhshbg ho gaiassfry. Papbrt-nagarfgn taimgbkbnhas fra typhifkky usaj ft tmhs stfna fs vfrhbus fcbugts bo jftf fra ibgjagsaj hgtb hgobrcfbg obr usa hg tma fgfkyshs fivhty. Zma jftf hs fksb typhifkky put hgtb f obrcft tmft prbvhjas fg agj-tb-agj parspaiva bg tma bvarfkk parobrcfgia bo f sarvhia. Zmhs fivhty ànhgs tma trfgsobrcfbg bo rfw jftf hgtb pfiefnaj hgobrcfbg. Qsa tma hgobrcfbg tb javakbp hgshnmt hgtb tma parobrcfgia bo tma sarvhia fgj/br prbiassas. \rbiass tma jftf hgtb hgobrcfbg (`y irafgn kbnhifk nrbuphgns), wmhim prbvhjas f àar cafgs tb fgfkysa tma hgobrcfbg fgj jftf ’ tma gaxt stap hg IYH.

Zma butput bo kbnhifk nrbuphgns ibukj à hg sprafjsmaats, rapbrts nagarftaj jhraitky orbc tma sarvhia cfgfnacagt tbbk suhta, systac cbghtbrhgn fgj rapbrgn tbbks, br takapmbgy tbbks suim fs fg futbcfi ifkk jhstrhùbg tbbk. \rbiasshgn tma jftf hs fg hcpbrtfgt IYH fivhty tmft hs bag bvarkbbeaj. ^mhka cbghtbrhgn fgj ibkkaign jftf bg f shgnka hgorfstruitura ibcpbgagt hs hcpbrtfgt, ht hs fksb hcpbrtfgt tb ugjarstfgj tmft ibcpbgagt‘s hcpfit bg tma kfrnar hgorfstruitura fgj HZ sarvhia. Egbwhgn tmft f sarvar wfs up 88.88% bo tma ca hs bga tmhgn5 egbwhgn tmft gb bga ibukj fiiass tma sarvar hs fgbtmar. Fg axfcpka bo prbiasshgn tma jftf hs tfehgn tma jftf orbc cbghtbrhgn bo hgjhvhjufk ibcpbgagts, suim fs tma cfhgorfca, fppkhifbgs, ^FG, KFG, sarvars ati., fgj prbiasshgn ht hgtb f struitura bo fg agj-tb-agj sarvhia orbc tma iustbcar‘s parspaiva. Eay quasbgs tmft gaaj tb à fjjrassaj hg tma prbiasshgn fivhty fra4 

^mft hs tma oraquagiy bo prbiasshgn tma jftf2 Zmhs ibukj à mburky, jfhky, waaeky br cbgtmky. ^mag hgtrbjuihgn f gaw sarvhia br sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiass ht hs f nbbj


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hjaf tb cbghtbr fgj prbiass hg smbrtar hgtarvfks tmfg kbgnar hgtarvfks. Mbw bag fgfkyshs fgj tragj hgvasnfbg fivhas tfea pkfia whkk jrhva mbw bag tma jftf hs prbiassaj. 

^mft obrcft hs raquhraj obr tma butput2 Zmhs hs fksb jrhvag `y mbw fgfkyshs hs ifrrhaj but fgj ukcftaky mbw tma hgobrcfbg hs usaj.



^mft tbbks fgj systacs ifg à usaj obr prbiasshgn tma jftf2



Mbw jb wa avfkufta tma fiiurfiy bo tma prbiassaj jftf2

Zmara fra twb fspaits tb prbiasshgn jftf. Bga hs futbcftaj fgj tma btmar hs cfgufk. ^mhka `btm fra hcpbrtfgt fgj ibgtrhùta nraftky tb tma cafsurhgn prbiass, fiiurfiy hs f cfdbr jharagftbr àtwaag tma twb typas. Zma fiiurfiy bo tma futbcftaj jftf nftmarhgn fgj prbiasshgn hs gbt tma hssua mara. Gafrky fkk IYH-rakftaj jftf whkk à nftmaraj `y futbcftaj cafgs. Mucfg jftf nftmarhgn fgj prbiasshgn hs tma hssua. Ht hs hcpbrtfgt obr stf tb prbparky jbiucagt tmahr ibcpkhfgia fivhas, tb upjfta kbns fgj raibrjs. Ytap 14 Fgfkyza tma Hgobrcfbg fgj jftf4 Xbur brnfghzfbg‘s Yarvhia Jase mfs f tragj bo

rajuiaj ifkk vbkucas ibgshstagtky bvar tma kfst obur cbgtms. Avag tmbunm tmhs hs f tragj, ybu gaaj tb fse ybursako tma quasbg4 ”Hs tmhs f nbbj tragj br f `fj tragj2‘ Xbu jbg‘t egbw ho tma ifkk rajuibg hs àifusa ybu mfva rajuiaj tma gucàr bo raiurrhgn arrbrs hg tma hgorfstruitura `y nbbj prb`kac cfgfnacagt fivhas br ho tma iustbcars oaak tmft tma Yarvhia Jase jbasg‘t prbvhja fgy vfkua fgj tmay mfva stfrtaj `ypfsshgn tma Yarvhia Jase fgj nbhgn jhraitky tb saibgj-kavak suppbrt nrbups. Jftf fgfkyshs trfgsobrcs tma hgobrcfbg hgtb egbwkajna bo tma avagts tmft fra faign tma brnfghzfbg. Cbra sehkk fgj axparhagia hs raquhraj tb parobrc jftf fgfkyshs tmfg jftf nftmarhgn fgj prbiasshgn. _arhifbg fnfhgst nbfks fgj b`daivas hs axpaitaj jurhgn tmhs fivhty. Zmhs varhifbg vfkhjftas tmft b`daivas fra àhgn suppbrtaj fgj vfkua hs àhgn fjjaj. Ht hs gbt suihagt tb shcpky prbjuia nrfpms bo vfrhbus typas ùt tb jbiucagt tma b`sarvfbgs fgj ibgikushbgs. Ytap ?4 \rasagt fgj usa hgobrcfbg4 Zma shxtm stap hs tb tfea bur egbwkajna fgj prasagt ht,

tmft hs, turg ht hgtb whsjbc `y ukhzhgn rapbrts, cbghtbrs, fibg pkfgs, ravhaws, avfkufbgs fgj bppbrtughas. Ibgshjar tma tfrnat fujhagia5 cfea sura tmft ybu hjagoy axiapbgs tb tma sarvhia, àgats tmft mfva àag ravafkaj, br ifg à axpaitaj. Jftf nftmarhgn biiurs ft tma bparfbgfk kavak bo fg brnfghzfbg. Obrcft tmhs jftf hgtb egbwkajna tmft fkk kavaks ifg fppraihfta fgj nfhg hgshnmt hgtb tmahr gaajs fgj axpaitfbgs.


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Zmhs stfna hgvbkvas prasaggn tma hgobrcfbg hg f obrcft tmft hs ugjarstfgjf`ka, ft tma rhnmt kavak, prbvhjas vfkua, gbtas axiapbgs tb sarvhia, hjagas àgats tmft wara ravafkaj jurhgn tma ca parhbj, fgj fkkbws tmbsa raiahvhgn tma hgobrcfbg tb cfea strftanhi, tfiifk fgj bparfbgfk jaihshbgs. Hg btmar wbrjs, prasaggn tma hgobrcfbg hg tma cfggar tmft cfeas ht tma cbst usaouk obr tma tfrnat fujhagia. Ytap >4 Hcpkacagt Hcprbvacagt4 Qsa tma egbwkajna nfhgaj fgj ibc`hga ht whtm pravhbus

axparhagia tb cfea hgobrcaj jaihshbgs f`but bpchzhgn, hcprbvhgn fgj ibrraign sarvhias. Cfgfnars gaaj tb hjagoy hssuas fgj prasagt sbkubgs. Zmhs stfna cfy hgikuja fgy gucàr bo fivhas suim fs fpprbvfk bo hcprbvacagt fivhas, prhbrhzfbg fgj su`chgn f ùshgass ifsa, hgtanrfbg whtm imfgna cfgfnacagt, hgtanrfbg whtm btmar khoaiyika stfnas, fgj nuhjfgia bg mbw tb cfgfna fg bgnbhgn hcprbvacagt prbdait suiiassoukky fgj bg imaiehgn bg wmatmar tma hcprbvacagt fitufkky fimhavaj hts b`daiva. IYH hjagas cfgy bppbrtughas obr hcprbvacagt mbwavar brnfghzfbgs ifggbt fbrj tb hcpkacagt fkk bo tmac. @fsaj bg nbfks, b`daivas fgj typas bo sarvhia `rafimas, fg brnfghzfbg gaajs tb prhbrhza hcprbvacagt fivhas. Hcprbvacagt hghfvas ifg fksb à axtargfkky jrhvag `y ranukftbry raquhracagts, imfgnas hg ibcpabg, br avag pbkhifk jaihshbgs.


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Zma Yavag-Ytap Hcprbvacagt \rbiass ^hsjbc

6.Hjagoy tma strftany obr hcprbvacagt _hshbg @ushgass gaaj Ytrftany Zfiifk nbfks Bparfbgfk nbfks

Jftf

0. Jaﬆga wmft ybu whkk cafsura

• • • • •

\KFG

>. Hcpkacagt hcprbvacagt

9. Nftmar tma jftf ^mb2 Mbw2 ^mag2 Irhtarhf tb avfkuftahgtanrhty bo jftf Bparfbgfk nbfks Yarvhia cafsuracagt • •

•

•

JB

FIZ ?. \rasagt fgj usa tma hgobrcfbg Fssasscagt succfry Fibg pkfgs Ati. • •

•

IMAIE 1. Fgfkysa tma hgobrcfbg fgj jftf Zragjs2 Zfrnats2 Hcprbvacagts raquhraj2 • •

•

:. \rbiass tma jftf Oraquagiy2 Obrcft2 Zbbks fgj systacs2 Fiiurfiy2 • • • •

Egbwkajna

Hgobrcfbg


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IYH Panhstar Ht hs raibccagjaj tmft f IYH ranhstar hs eapt tb raibrj fkk tma hcprbvacagt bppbrtughas fgj tmft afim bga smbukj à iftanbrhzaj hgtb scfkk, cajhuc fgj kfrna ugjartfehgns.

Zma IYH ranhstar prbvhjas f ibbrjhgftaj, ibgshstagt vhaw bo tma pbtagfkky gucarbus hcprbvacagt fivhas.

Zma IYH ranhstar whkk hgtrbjuia f struitura fgj vhsh`hkhty tb IYH agsurhgn tmft fkk hghfvas fra ifpturaj fgj raibrjaj fgj àgats rafkhzaj.

Zma IYH ranhstar ibgtfhgs hcpbrtfgt hgobrcfbg obr tma bvarfkk sarvhia prbvhjar fgj smbukj à makj fgj ranfrjaj fs pfrt bo tma Yarvhia Egbwkajna Cfgfnacagt Yystac (YECY)

IYH Panhstar4 Ht hs kheaky tmft savarfk hghfvas br pbssh`hkhas obr hcprbvacagt fra hjagaj. Ht hs raibccagjaj tmft f IYH ranhstar hs eapt tb raibrj fkk tma hcprbvacagt bppbrtughas fgj tmft afim bga smbukj à iftanbrhzaj hgtb scfkk, cajhuc br kfrna ugjartfehgns. Fiibrjhgnky tmay smbukj à iftanbrhzaj hgtb hghfvas tmft ifg à fimhavaj quhieky, br hg tma cajhuc br kbgnar tarc. Afim hcprbvacagt hghfva smbukj fksb smbw tma àgats tmft whkk à fimhavaj `y hts hcpkacagtfbg. ^htm tmhs hgobrcfbg f ikafr prhbrhzaj khst ifg à prbjuiaj.

Zma IYH ranhstar ibgtfhgs hcpbrtfgt hgobrcfbg obr tma bvarfkk sarvhia prbvhjar fgj smbukj à makj fgj ranfrjaj fs pfrt bo tma sarvhia egbwkajna cfgfnacagt systac (YECY). Zma IYH ranhstar whkk hgtrbjuia f struitura fgj vhsh`hkhty tb IYH agsurhgn tmft fkk hghfvas fra ifpturaj fgj raibrjaj, fgj àgats rafkhzaj.


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Catrhis hg IYH Zmara fra tmraa typas bo catrhis tmft fg brnfghzfbg gaajs tb nftmar tb suppbrt IYH fivhas fs wakk fs btmar prbiass fivhas. Zma ehgjs bo catrhis fra4

Zaimgbkbny Zmasa catrhis fra bag khgeaj whtm ibcpbgagt fgj fppkhifbg-`fsaj Catrhis catrhis suim fsparobrcfgia, fvfhkf`hkhty ati.

\rbiass Catrhis

Zmasa catrhis fra ifpturaj hg tma obrc bo IYOs, E\Hs fgj fivhty catrhis obr tma sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas. IYH wbukj usa tmasa catrhis fs hgput hg hjagoyhgn hcprbvacagt bppbrtughas obr afim prbiass.

Yarvhia Catrhis

Zmasa catrhis fra tma rasukts bo tma agj-tb-agj sarvhia. Hgjhvhjufk taimgbkbny fgj prbiass catrhis fra usaj wmag ifkiukfgn tma agj tb agj sarvhia catrhis.

Catrhis hg IYH4 Zmara fra tmraa typas bo catrhis tmft fg brnfghzfbg gaajs tb nftmar tb suppbrt IYH fivhas fs wakk fs btmar prbiass fivhas. Zma ehgjs bo catrhis fra4 

Zaimgbkbny catrhis ’ Zmasa catrhis fra bag khgeaj whtm ibcpbgagt fgj fppkhifbg`fsaj catrhis suim fs parobrcfgia, fvfhkf`hkhty ati.



\rbiass catrhis ’ Zmasa catrhis fra ifpturaj hg tma obrc bo IYOs, E\Hs fgj fivhty catrhis obr tma sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas. IYH wbukj usa tmasa catrhis fs hgput hg hjagoyhgn hcprbvacagt bppbrtughas obr afim prbiass.


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

Yarvhia catrhis ’ Zmasa catrhis fra tma rasukts bo tma agj-tb-agj sarvhia. Hgjhvhjufk taimgbkbny fgj prbiass catrhis fra usaj wmag ifkiukfgn tma agj tb agj sarvhia catrhis.

Hg nagarfk, f catrhi hs f sifka bo cafsuracagt jagaj hg tarcs bo f stfgjfrj, h.a. hg tarcs bo f wakk-jagaj ught. Zma qufgifbg bo fg avagt tmrbunm tma prbiass bo cafsuracagt rakhas bg tma axhstagia bo fg axpkhiht br hcpkhiht catrhi, wmhim hs tma stfgjfrj tb wmhim cafsuracagts fra raoaragiaj. Catrhis fra f systac bo pfrfcatars br wfys bo qufgtfva fssasscagt bo f prbiass tmft hs tb à cafsuraj, fkbgn whtm tma prbiassas tb ifrry but suim cafsuracagt. Catrhis jaga wmft hs tb à cafsuraj. Catrhis fra usufkky spaihfkhzaj `y tma su`dait fraf, hg wmhim ifsa tmay fra vfkhj bgky whtmhg f iartfhg jbcfhg fgj ifggbt à jhraitky àgimcfreaj br hgtarprataj butshja ht. Nagarhi catrhis, mbwavar, ifg à fnnranftaj firbss su`dait frafs br ùshgass ughts bo fg agtarprhsa. Catrhis fra usaj hg savarfk ùshgass cbjaks hgikujhgn ICCH, IB@HZ fgj Yhx-Yhncf. Zmasa cafsuracagts br catrhis fra usaj tb trfie tragjs, prbjuivhty, rasburias fgj cuim cbra.


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Irhifk Yuiiass Ofitbrs fgj Eay \arobrcfgia Hgjhiftbrs Afim brnfghzfthbg smbukj javakbp E\Hs tmft fra fpprbprhfta obr hts kavak bo cfturhty, hts IYOs fgj hts pfrthiukfr ihriucstfgias. Fimhavacagt fnfhgs t E\Hs smbukj à cbghtbraj fgj usaj tb hjagthoy bppbrtughthas obr hcprbvacagt, wmhim smbukj à kbnnaj hg tma IYH ranhstar obr avfkufthbg fgj pbssh`ka hcpkacagt fthbg. IYO Fkk hcprbvacagt bppbrtughas hjagaj4 

E\H \ariagtfna hcprbvacagt hg jaoaits5 obr axfcpka, 9% rajuibg hg ofhkaj imfgnas5 6<% rajuibg hg saiurhty `rafimas.

IYO Zma ibst bo prbvhjhgn sarvhias hs rajuiaj 

E\H \ariagtfna jairafsa hg bvarfkk ibst bo sarvhia prbvhshbg5 obr axfcpka, 0.1% rajuibg hg tma fvarfna ibst bo mfgjkhgn fg hgihjagt5 1% rajuibg hg tma ibst bo prbiasshgn f pfriukfr typa bo trfgsfibg.

IYO Zma raquhraj ùshgass butibcas orbc HZ sarvhias fra fimhavaj 

E\H F 9% hgirafsa hg iustbcar sfsofibg whtm tma sarvhia jase5 0% hgirafsa hg iustbcar sfsofibg whtm tma wfrrfgty baraj `y tma pfyrbkk sarvhia.

Irhifk Yuiiass Ofitbrs fgj Eay \arobrcfgia Hgjhiftbrs Irhifk suiiass ofitbrs fgj eay parobrcfgia hgjhiftbrs4 Zma obkkbwhgn khst hgikujas sbca

sfcpka IYOs obr tma savag-stap hcprbvacagt prbiass. Afim brnfghzfbg smbukj hjagoy fpprbprhfta IYOs `fsaj bg hts b`daivas obr tma prbiass. Afim sfcpka IYO hs obkkbwaj `y f typhifk E\H tmft suppbrts tma IYO. Zmasa E\Hs smbukj gbt à fjbptaj whtmbut ifraouk ibgshjarfbg. Afim brnfghzfbg smbukj javakbp E\Hs tmft fra fpprbprhfta obr hts kavak bo cfturhty, hts IYOs fgj hts pfriukfr ihriucstfgias. Fimhavacagt fnfhgst E\Hs smbukj à cbghtbraj fgj usaj tb hjagoy bppbrtughas obr hcprbvacagt, wmhim smbukj à kbnnaj hg tma IYH ranhstar obr avfkufbg fgj pbssh`ka hcpkacagtfbg. Gbta tmft àifusa bo tma gftura bo tma savag stap © Fxakbs Khchtaj 0<6:. Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Cftarhfk hs raprbjuiaj ugjar khiagsa orbc F]AKBY

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hcprbvacagt prbiass, ht mfs tb à fppkhaj tb fpprbprhfta prbiassas, fivhas, taimgbkbny, brnfghzfbgfk struitura, pabpka fgj pfrtgars obr tma àgats tb à rafkhzaj. Zmhs cafgs tmft tma E\Hs usaj tb dujna tma suiiass bo tma savag-stap hcprbvacagt prbiass fra fitufkky tma E\Hs orbc tma btmar khoaiyika stfnas fgj prbiassas tb wmhim ht mfs àag fppkhaj. Fs f rasukt tma axfcpkas nhvag mara ibca orbc btmar frafs. IYO Fkk hcprbvacagt bppbrtughas hjagaj. E\H \ariagtfna hcprbvacagt hg jaoaits5 obr axfcpka, 9% rajuibg hg ofhkaj imfgnas5 6<%

rajuibg hg saiurhty `rafimas. IYO Zma ibst bo prbvhjhgn sarvhias hs rajuiaj. E\H \ariagtfna jairafsa hg bvarfkk ibst bo sarvhia prbvhshbg5 obr axfcpka, 0.1% rajuibg hg

tma fvarfna ibst bo mfgjkhgn fg hgihjagt5 1% rajuibg hg tma ibst bo prbiasshgn f pfriukfr typa bo trfgsfibg. IYO Zma raquhraj ùshgass butibcas orbc HZ sarvhias fra fimhavaj. E\H F 9% hgirafsa hg iustbcar sfsofibg whtm tma sarvhia jase5 0% hgirafsa hg iustbcar sfsofibg whtm tma wfrrfgty baraj `y tma pfyrbkk sarvhia. @fsakhgas4

Hg fgy hcprbvacagt hghfva hs hcpbrtfgt tb astf`khsm `fsakhgas fs stfrgn pbhgt obr ibcpfrhshbg kftar. Axfcpka4 

Fg HZYC `fsakhga ifg à usaj fsstfrgn pbhgt tb cafsura tma aaitbo f sarvhia hcprbvacagt pkfg.



F parobrcfgia `fsakhga ifg à usaj tb cafsura imfgna hg parobrcfgia bvar tma khoaca bo fg HZ sarvhia.



F ibgnurfbg `fsakhga ifg à usaj fs pfrt bo f `fiebut pkfg tb agf`ka tma HZ hgorfstruitura tb à rastbraj tb f egbwg ibgnurfbg ho f imfgna br rakafsa ofhks.


:98



^my smbukj wa Cafsura2

Zb vfkhjfta

Zb jhrait

Xbur cafsuracagt orfcawbre

Zb Dusoy

Zb hgtarvhaw

^my smbukj wa Cafsura2 

_fkhjfta ’ fra wa suppbrgn tma strftany fgj vhshbg2



Dusoy ’ jb wa mfva tma rhnmt tfrnats fgj catrhis2



Jhrait ’ `fsaj bg ofitufk jftf,pabpka ifg à nuhjaj tbimfgna àmfvhbur.



Hgtarvaga ’ tfea ibrraiva fibgs suim fs hjagoyhgn hcprbvacagt bppbrtughas.


::<



IYH Pbkas - IYH Cfgfnar IYH Cfgfnar4 Zma rbka bo IYH cfgfnar hs assagfk obr f suiiassouk hcprbvacagt prbnrfcca. Zma IYH cfgfnar hs ukcftaky raspbgsh`ka obr tma suiiass bo fkk hcprbvacagt fivhas. 

Javakbphgn tma IYH jbcfhg.



Ibccughifgn tma vhshbg bo IYH firbss tma HZ brnfghzfbg.



Agsurhgn tmft IYH rbkas mfva àag kkaj.



Jashnghgn tma IYH ranhstar fgj fssbihftaj fivhas.



^brehgn whtm sarvhia bwgars, sarvhia kavak cfgfnars, tma savag-stap hcprbvacagt cfgfnar, btmar prbiass cfgfnars fgj ougibgs tb hjagoy fgj cfgfna hcprbvacagt bppbrtughas4

•

Hjagoyhgn hcprbvacagt bppbrtughas obr hgikushbg hg tma IYH ranhstar.

•

Pavhawhgn fgj prhbrhzhgn hcprbvacagts hg tma IYH ranhstar.

•

@uhkjhgn hcprbvacagt pkfgs fgj cfehgn hcprbvacagts.



Agsurhgn tmft egbwkajna cfgfnacagt hs fg hgtanrfk pfrt bo rbuga bparfbgs.



Pavhawhgn fgfkysaj jftf.



\rasaggn raibccagjfbgs tb saghbr.

IYH Pbkas - IYH Cfgfnar IYH cfgfnar4 Zma rbka bo IYH cfgfnar hs assagfk obr f suiiassouk hcprbvacagt prbnrfcca.

Zma IYH cfgfnar hs ukcftaky raspbgsh`ka obr tma suiiass bo fkk hcprbvacagt fivhas. Zmhs shgnka pbhgt bo fiibugtf`hkhty ibupkaj whtm ibcpatagia fgj futmbrhty hcprbvas tma imfgias


::6



bo f suiiassouk hcprbvacagt prbnrfcca. Zma rbka bo IYH cfgfnar ifg fksb oukk tma rbka bo tma savag-stap hcprbvacagt prbiass bwgar/cfgfnar. Zma IYH cfgfnar‘s raspbgsh`hkhas typhifkky hgikuja4 

Javakbphgn tma IYH jbcfhg.



Ibccughifgn tma vhshbg bo IYH firbss tma HZ brnfghzfbg.



Agsurhgn tmft IYH rbkas mfva àag kkaj.



Jashnghgn tma IYH ranhstar fgj fssbihftaj fivhas.



^brehgn whtm sarvhia bwgars, sarvhia kavak cfgfnars, tma savag-stap hcprbvacagt cfgfnar, btmar prbiass cfgfnars fgj ougibgs tb hjagoy fgj cfgfna hcprbvacagt bppbrtughas4



Hjagoyhgn hcprbvacagt bppbrtughas obr hgikushbg hg tma IYH ranhstar.



Pavhawhgn fgj prhbrhzhgn hcprbvacagts hg tma IYH ranhstar.



@uhkjhgn hcprbvacagt pkfgs fgj cfehgn hcprbvacagts.



^brehgn whtm sarvhia kavak cfgfnars tb agsura tmft cbghtbrhgn raquhracagts fra jagaj.













Agsurhgn tmft cbghtbrhgn tbbks fra hg pkfia tb nftmar jftf. Agsurhgn tmft `fsakhga jftf hs ifpturaj tb cafsura hcprbvacagt fnfhgst ht. Jaghgn fgj irafgn rapbrts bg IYH irhifk suiiass ofitbrs (IYOs), eay parobrcfgia hgjhiftbrs (E\Hs) fgj IYH fivhty catrhis. Hjagoyhgn btmar orfcawbres, cbjaks fgj stfgjfrjs tmft whkk suppbrt IYH fivhas.

Agsurhgn tmft egbwkajna cfgfnacagt hs fg hgtanrfk pfrt bo rbuga bparfbgs. Agsurhgn tmft IYH fivhas fra ibbrjhgftaj tmrbunmbut tma sarvhia khoaiyika.


::0





Pavhawhgn fgfkysaj jftf.



\rasaggn raibccagjfbgs tb saghbr cfgfnacagt obr hcprbvacagt.



Makphgn prhbrhza hcprbvacagt bppbrtughas.



Kafjhgn, cfgfnhgn fgj jakhvarhgn irbss ougibgfk fgj irbss-jhvhshbgfk hcprbvacagt prbdaits.



@uhkjhgn aaiva rakfbgsmhps whtm tma ùshgass fgj HZ saghbr cfgfnars.



Hjagoyhgn fgj jakhvarhgn prbiass hcprbvacagts hg irhifk ùshgass frafs firbss cfguofiturhgn fgj rakavfgt jhvhshbgs.



Yagn jhraibg fgj prbvhjhgn f orfcawbre tmrbunm wmhim hcprbvacagt b`daivas ifg à jakhvaraj.



Ibfimhgn, cagtbrhgn fgj suppbrgn oakkbw sarvhia hcprbvacagt prboasshbgfks.

Zma IYH cfgfnar smbukj pbssass tma f`hkhty tb hguagia pbshvaky fkk kavaks bo cfgfnacagt tb agsura tmft sarvhia hcprbvacagt fivhas fra raiahvhgn tma gaiassfry suppbrt fgj fra rasburiaj suihagtky tb hcpkacagt sbkubgs.


::9



Yuccfry 



Jachgn Iyika (\JIF)4 Zma \JIF iyika prbvhjas stafjy, bgnbhgn hcprbvacagt, wmhim hs f ougjfcagtfk tagat bo IYH. IYH Fpprbfim4 Fpprbfim smbukj agsura tmft tma cbcagtuc obr qufkhty

hcprbvacagt hs cfhgtfhgaj `y fssurhgn tmft imfgnas àibca acàjjaj hg tma brnfghzfbg. 

Yavag Ytap Hcprbvacagt \rbiass4 Zmhs sats but tma prbiassas fgj fivhas bg

wmhim aaiva IYH japagjs fgj mbw tmay hgtanrfta whtm tma btmar stfnas bo tma khoaiyika. 

Catrhis hg IYH4 \rbiass catrhis, Zaimgbkbny catrhis fgj Yarvhia catrhis



IYOs fgj E\Hs4 Afim sfcpka IYO hs obkkbwaj `y f typhifk E\H tmft suppbrts tma IYO.



IYH Cfgfnar Pbkas4 Zma IYH cfgfnar hs ukcftaky raspbgsh`ka obr tma suiiass bo

fkk hcprbvacagt fivhas.


:::



Fssasscagt


::1



6.

^mft typa bo hcprbvacagt smbukj à fimhavaj `y ushgn tma Jachgn Iyika2 f. Pfphj bga b hcprbvacagt. `. Paturg bg Hgvastcagt whtmhg 60 cbgtms. i. Vuhie whgs. j. Ytafjy, bg-nbhgn hcprbvacagt.

0.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn hs GBZ fg b`daiva bo Ibggufk Yarvhia Hcprbvacagt4 f. Hjagoy fivhas tb hcprbva tma aihagiy bo sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiassas. `. Hcprbva tma ibst bo aaivagass bo HZ sarvhia whtmbut sfirhihgn iustbcar sfsofibg. i. Ibgjuit fivhas tb jakhvar fgj cfgfna sarvhias ft fnraaj kavaks tb ùshgass usars.

9.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn hs tma ibrrait sat bo staps obr tma Ibggufk Yarvhia hcprbvacagt (IYH) Cbjak2

f. Ybkubg5 Javhsa f ibggufkky strftany5 Jashng tma sbkubg5 Zrfgshbg hgtb prbjuibg5 Bparfta tma hcprbva `. ^mara jb wa wfgt tb à25 Mbw jb wa nat tmara25 Mbw jb wa imaie wa frrhvaj5 Mbw jb wa eaap tma cbcagtuc nbhgn2 i. Hjagas tma raquhraj ùshgass butibcas5 \kfg mbw tb fimhava tma butibcas5 Hcpkacagt tma pkfg5 Imaie tma pkfg mfs àag prbparky hcpkacagtaj5 hcprbva tma sbkubg j. ^mft hs tma vhshbg2 , ^mara fra wa gbw2 , ^mara jb wa wfgt tb à2 , Mbw jb wa nat tmara2 , Jhj wa nat tmara2 , Mbw jb wa eaap tma cbcagtuc nbhgn2 :.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn fivhas hs GBZ f pfrt bo tma Jachgn Iyika2 f. Fit `. \kfg i. Jb j. Ibbrjhgfta


::?



1.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn jb Yarvhia Catrhis cafsura2 f. \rbiassas fgj Ougibgs `. Cfturhty fgj Ibst i. Zma agj tb agj sarvhia j. Hgorfstruitura fvfhkf`hkhty

?.

F IYH Panhstar hs (Imbsa tma ibrrait stftacagt)4 f. Zb eaap f ibbrjhgftaj fgj ibgshstagt vhaw bo tma gucarbus hcprbvacagt fivhas. `. Zb dust ranhstar ibcpkfhgts i. Zb cfea pabpka fiibugtf`ka obr hcprbvacagt fivhas. j. Fkk bo tma f`bva.

>.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn fra irhifk tb hcpkacaggn IYH4 6. Fjbpgn YKC 0. Yarvhia Cafsuracagt 9. IYH Panhstar :. Bwgarsmhp f. 6 fgj 0 bgky `. 6 fgj 9 bgky i. 9 fgj : bgky j. Fkk bo tma f`bva.

=.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn fra tma ibrrait sat bo Catrhis fg brnfghzfbg gaajs tb ibkkait tb suppbrt IYH fivhas4 f. \rbiass, Yarvhia fgj \rbdait Catrhis `. \rbiass, Yarvhia fgj Zaimgbkbny Catrhis i. \rbiass, Yuppbrt fgj Yarvhia Catrhis j. \rbiass, Yuppbrt fgj Zaimgbkbny Catrhis.


::>



8.

^mhim fra tma twb `fshi ehgj bo E\Hs fs jagaj hg HZHK IYH `bbes4 f. \rbiass fgj Zaimgbkbny E\Hs `. Yarvhia fgj Zaimgbkbny E\Hs i. Vufkhtfva fgj Vufgtfva E\Hs j. Vufkhtfva fgj \rbiass E\Hs

6<. ^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn hs hcpbrtfgt fgj wbre fs stfrgn pbhgt obr kftar ibcpfrhshbg4 f. Catrhis `. \rbiassas i. @fsakhgas j. Chkastbgas


::=


FIZH_HZHAY


::8


FIZH_HZHAY

=.6 - YAP_HIA YZPFZANX

Gastwbbj Obrna, f ibus cfguofiturhgn ibcpfgy whtm $1<< chkkhbg hg fggufk ravaguas, wfs ugjar prassura orbc hts smframbkjars fgj orbc ^fkk straat tb hgirafsa hts prbtf`hkhty. Bga pbssh`hkhty tma tbp cfgfnacagt ibgshjaraj wfs tb hgstfkk fg bgkhga prbiuracagt systac tb iut purimfshgn ibsts obr dust f`but avarytmhgn tma ibcpfgy ùys, orbc rfw cftarhfks obr hts whjnats tb suim ibccbjhzaj htacs fs sfoaty makcats, wbre nkbvas fgj bia suppkhas, bg wmhim tma ibcpfgy spagjs f`but $001 chkkhbg f yafr. Zmara mfs àag f kbt bo mypa surrbugjhgn a-purimfshgn, fgj tma ibcpfgys axaiuvas, brjhgfrhky f pray ibgsarvfva nrbup, wara ugafsy f`but cfehgn f shnghifgt hgvastcagt hg f gaw ’ fgj, hg tmahr chgjs, ugprbvag-taimgbkbny. Yb tmay fseaj tmahr IHB fgj IOB f shcpka quasbg4 Mbw cuim fitufk vfkua chnmt suim f systac `rhgn tb Gastwbbj Obrna2 Zb fgswar tmft quasbg, Gastwbbj‘s IAB fgj IOB ànfg `y ascfgn tma khoa bo suim fg bgkhga purimfshgn systac tb à f`but obur yafrs, nhvag tma rfphj fjvfgia bo suim hgobrcfbg taimgbkbny. Hg fjjhbg, Gastwbbj‘s gaw systac wbukj gbt à up fgj rugghgn obr f yafr àifusa bo tma ca ht wbukj tfea tb ùhkj fgj hgstfkk tma systac, trfhg tma ibcpfgy‘s purimfshgn acpkbyaas, ibggait tma systac tb suppkhars, fgj ajuifta tmac hg hts usa. Zhca4 6< Chgutas Jhsiusshbg4

Mbw tma systac ifg àgat Gastwbbj obrna2


:1<


FIZH_HZHAY

=.0 - YAP_HIA JAYHNG

6.

F 0:/> HZ sarvhia raquhras f waaeky 0 mbur pkfggaj jbwgca parhbj obr fppkhifbg cfhgtagfgia. Obkkbwhgn tma ibcpkabg bo tma waaeky cfhgtagfgia fg fppkhifbg sbwfra arrbr biiurs wmhim rasukts hg 9 mburs bo ugpkfggaj jbwgca.

6. Zma waaeky fvfhkf`hkhty obr tma HZ sarvhia hs tmhs rapbrgn parhbj hs tmaraobra `fsaj bg tma obkkbwhgn4 f. Fnraaj Yarvhia Zhca (FYZ) smbukj raibnghza tmft tma pkfggaj 0 mbur waaeky jbwgca hs simajukaj. `. Jbwg Zhca (JZ) hs tma 9 mburs bo ugpkfggaj butfna obkkbwhgn tma fppkhifbg cfhgtagfgia.

@fshi Fvfhkf`hkhty Ifkiukfbg4

(FYZ - JZ) Fvfhkf`hkhty 3

] 6<< FYZ

3 Yarvhia br Ibcpbgagt Fvfhkf`hkhty (%) ^mara4FYZ 3 Fnraaj sarv hia ca JZ 3 Fitufk jbwgca jurhgn fnraaj sarvhia ca

Papbrt @fie4 Ybkva tma f`bva prb`kac.


:16


FIZH_HZHAY

0.

Fvfhkf`hkhty \frfkkak Ibgnurfbg

Mbst 8=%

Mbst

Gatwbre

Yarvar 8>.1%

8=%

^brestfbg

8?%

8=%

Ifkiukfta tma Fvfhkf`hkhty bo tma f`bva Hgorfstruitura2 9.

Khst tma imfkkagnas/\rb`kacs bo hcpkacaggn Ifpfihty Cfgfnacagt \rbiass.

:.

Zmay sfy tmft ‛Xbu ifggbt friukfta ybur vfkua ugk ybu ifg smbw wmft ybu prbvhja–. F sarvhia iftfkbnua hs tma eay stap tb àibchgn f suiiassouk sarvhia prbvhjar. Jrfw tma struitura bo sarvhia iftfkbnua. Xbu ifg tfea tmraa sarvhias orbc ybur brnfghzfbg fgj irafta f iftfkbnua.


:10


FIZH_HZHAY

e g f

ky k f g b

Z

s mh

p

a n f

hs

o ka

`k

tag g h


:19


FIZH_HZHAY

=.0 - YAP_HIA JAYHNG - FGYÂPY 6.

8=.60%

0.

86.?8%

9.

Imfkkagnas bo hcpkacaggn ifpfihty cfgfnacagt. f. \arsufjhgn ùshgass tb prbvhja hgobrcfbg bg hts ùshgass pkfgs. `. Hg butsburiaj shtufbgs tmara cfy à ibccarihfk br ibgjagfk rafsbgs wmy jftf ifggbt à smfraj. i. Vufkhty fgj fiiurfiy bo jftf fvfhkf`ka obr ifpfihty cfgfnacagt. j. Hgobrcfbg orbc jharagt taimgbkbnhas hs prbvhjaj `y jharagt tbbks hg jharagt obrcfts. a. Muna fcbugt bo hgobrcfbg prbvhjaj `y ùshgass, sarvhia fgj ibcpbgagt ifpfihty cfgfnacagt wmhim cfeas tma fgfkyshs bo hgobrcfbg jhiukt.


:1:


FIZH_HZHAY

=.9 - YAP_HIA ZPFGYHZHBG

6. Jasirhà Imfgna Cfgfnacagt \rbiass hg ybur brnfghzfbg. Axpkfhg wmft ybu wbukj khea .

tb hcprbva hg ybur brnfghzfbg fgj mbw ybu wbukj hcprbva ht. ^rhta jbwg tma fgswar hg pbhgts bg f imfrt. \rasagt tma imfrt tb ybur Ofihkhtftbr/Zrfhgar.

0. ^rhta àgats bo hcpkacaggn Imfgna Cfgfnacagt \rbiass hg ybur brnfghzfbg. Xbu smbukj à f`ka tb axpkfhg tmasa àgats hg jatfhk. 9. Jhsiuss mbw Imfgna Cfgfnacagt ‛japagjs– bg Yarvhia Fssat fgj Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt2 (br) Mbw tma rakfbgsmhp àtwaag Imfgna Cfgfnacagt fgj Yarvhia Fssat fgj Ibgnurfbg Cfgfnacagt àgats imfgna cfgfnacagt. :. ^rhta jbwg ftkafst : E\Hs wmhim whkk fsshst hg jatarchghgn tma aaivagass bo Imfgna Cfgfnacagt \rbiass. 1. \rapfra f prasagtfbg bo : skhjas tb smfra ybur axparhagia bo mbw Egbwkajna Cfgfnacagt hs prfiiaj hg ybur brnfghzfbg.


:11


FIZH_HZHAY

=.9 - YAP_HIA ZPFGYHZHBG - FGYÂPY 6. 0. @agats bo imfgna cfgfnacagt f. Hgirafsaj vhsh`hkhty fgj ibccughifbg bo imfgnas tb `btm ùshgass fgj suppbrt `. Hcpkacagt imfgnas tmft caat iustbcars fnraaj ùshgass raquhracagts wmhka bpchzhgn ibsts. i. Pajuihgn ofhkaj imfgnas fgj tmaraobra sarvhia jhsrupbg, jaoaits fgj wbre. j. Pajuihgn tma gucàr bo ugfutmbrhzaj imfgnas, kafjhgn tb rajuiaj sarvhia jhsrupbg fgj rajuiaj ca tb rasbkva imfgna rakftaj hgihjagts. a. Jakhvarhgn imfgnas prbcptky tb caat ùshgass casifkas. o. 9.

Zrfiehgn imfgnas tmrbunm tma sarvhia khoaiyika fgj tb tma fssats bo hts iustbcars. Pakfbg àtwaag imfgna fgj ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt.

f. Zma ibgnurfbg cfgfnacagt systac prbvhjas rakhf`ka, quhie fgj afsy fiiass tb fiiurfta ibgnurfbg hgobrcfbg tb agf`ka stfeambkjars fgj stf tb fiiass tma hcpfit bo prbpbsaj imfgnas. `. Zma hgobrcfbg orbc ICY agf`kas tma ibrrait IH varshbgs tb à rakafsaj tb tma fpprbprhfta pfrty br hgtb tma ibrrait agvhrbgcagt. i. Zma ICY cfy fksb hjagoy rakftaj IHs tmft whkk à faitaj `y imfgna, ùt gbt hgikujaj hg brhnhgfk raquast, br shchkfr IHs tmft wbukj àgat orbc shchkfr imfgnas. :. E\Hs wmhim whkk fsshst hg jatarchghgn aaivagass bo imfgna prbiass. f. \ariagtfna bo fkk imfgnas suiiassoukky hcpkacagtaj `. \ariagtfna bo fkk imfgnas ibcpkataj whtmhg ùjnat i. Pajuibg hg tma gucàr bo prb`kacs fssbihftaj whtm hcpkacagtaj imfgnas j. Pajuibg hg tma gucàr bo `fieaj-but imfgnas


:1?


FIZH_HZHAY

=.: - YAP_HIA B\APFZHBGY

6. Jaga fgj jasirhà Yarvhia Jase & Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt \rfiias hg ybur brnfghzfbg. Jasirhà wmft ifg à hcprbvaj fgj fksb jasirhà mbw ybu ifg hcprbva. 0 0. Fssuca tmft ybur brnfghzfbgs Yarvhia jase wmhim hs gbt cftura. Qsars bo ybur brnfghzfbg usufkky jaga tma prhbrhas bo tma hgihjagts fgj raquasts (fgj gbt ybur Yarvhia jase stf). Zma gaw Yarvhia Jase Cfgfnar wfgtaj tb `rhgn hcprbvacagt fgj fvbhj ibgoushbg fgj chsugjarstfgjhgns fgj sunnastaj tb hgtrbjuia pra-jagaj prhbrhas obr Hgihjagts fgj Yarvhia Paquasts. .

Cfea fssucpbgs4

.

Fssuca tmft ybu fra tma Yarvhia Jase Cfgfnar bo ybur brnfghzfbg fgj khst ft kafst = bo tma cbst ibccbg hgihjagts fgj/br sarvhia raquasts tmft ifg pbssh`ky biiur hg ybur brnfghzfbg.

.

Javakbp f prhbrhty tf`ka fgj jaga fgj jasirhà tma irhtarhf tb jatarchga tma prhbrhty. Xbur tf`ka smbukj jasirhà tma prhbrhas tb usa fgj mbw tb jatarchga tma prhbrhty.

9. ^rhta ft kafst 1 E\Hs obr \rb`kac Cfgfnacagt. ^rhta ybur fgswar hg imfrt fgj prasagt 9 ht tb ybur Ofihkhtftbr/Zrfhgar.


:1>


FIZH_HZHAY

=.: - YAP_HIA B\APFZHBGY - FGYÂPY 96. E\Hs obr \rb`kac Cfgfnacagt. f. Zma gucàr bo Egbwg arrbrs fjjaj tb jftf`fsa. `. \ariagtfna bo hgihjagts ikbsaj `y sarvhia jase whtmbut raoaragia tb btmar kavaks bo suppbrt. i. Gucàr bo rapaft hgihjagts obr afim HZ sarvhia. j. Fvarfna hgihjagt rasbkubg ca obr tmbsa hgihjagts khgeaj tb prb`kac raibrjs. a. Zma pariagtfna bo fiiurfiy bo tma EAJ@. o.

Zma gucàr bo tbtfk prb`kacs.


:1=


DB@ FHJY


:18


DB@ F HJY

Db` Fhj - 6

Yarvhia Ytrftany ’ Hgputs fgj Butputs Hgputs Orbc tma ùshgass / iustbcars 

@ushgass raquhracagts, \fttargs bo @ushgass Fithvhthas (\@Fs)

Orbc Yarvhia Bparfthbg



Qthkhzfthbg kavak bo sarvhias

Orbc IYH oaaj`fie



Vufkhty parspaithva, wfrrfgty ofitbrs, rakhf`hkhty, cfhgtfhgf`hkhty, rajugjfgiy

Butputs Ytrftany Nagarfthbg



Yarvhia strftanhas, pbkhihas, b`daithvas orbc ùshgass raquhracagts

Yarvhia \brtobkhb Cfgfnacagt



Yarvhia \brtobkhb, Yarvhia Cbjaks, butibcas

Ohgfgihfk Cfgfnacagt



\rhihgn, imfrnhgn cbjaks

Jacfgj Cfgfnacagt



Pasburia fvfhkf`hkhty, ohgfgihfk fgj pmyshifk ibgstrfhgts


:?<


DB@ F HJY

Yarvhia Jashng ’ Hgputs fgj Butputs Hgputs Orbc ùshgass / iustbcars 

@ushgass Hgobrcfthbg fgj brnfghzfthbg pkfgs Orbc Yarvhia Ytrftany  

Yarvhia \brtobkhb, HZ fgj Ohgfgihfk pkfgs @ushgass Hcpfit Fgfkyshs (@HF), Phse fgfkysas, Ytujhas bo _htfk @ushgass Ougithbgs (_@Os)

Orbc Yarvhia Zrfgshthbg 

Imfgna hgobrcfthbg

Butputs 

HZ frimhtaitura jashng, \rbiass jashngs fgj jbiucagtfthbg, \rbiass, pbkhiy fgj frimhtaitura obr tma jashng bo HZ sarvhias

Yarvhia Iftfkbn Cfgfnacagt  

Ybkuthbgs jashngs, frimhtaituras, stfgjfrjs, YJ\ Yarvhia jaohghthbg, Yarvhia \brtobkhb upjftas, Yarvhia Iftfkbn, jakhvary cbjak

Yarvhia Kavak cfgfnacagt  

Cafsuracagt systacs fgj catrhis, rapbrts, jbiucagt tacpkftas YH\s, YKF, YKP fgj BKFs, YV\

Ifpfihty Cfgfnacagt 

ICHY, wbrekbfj fgfkysas

Fvfhkf`hkhty Cfgfnacagt 

FCHY, Fvfhkf`hkhty \kfg, Fvfhkf`hkhty fgj rastbra jashng irhtarhf

HZ Yarvhia Ibgthguhty Cfgfnacagt  

HZYIC pbkhiy, upjftaj @HF, rhse fgfkysas Paibvary \kfg, \kfgs obr jhsfstar raibvary, tasthgn fgj irhshs cfgfnacagt

Hgobrcfthbg Yaiurhty Cfgfnacagt 

Hgobrcfthbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt pbkhiy, cfgfnacagt systac, saiurhty ibgtrbks, fujhts, rapbrts

Yuppkhar Cfgfnacagt 

Yuppkhar fgj Ibgtrfit Jftf`fsa (YIJ), suppkhar parobrcfgia hgob, Yuppkhar hcprbvacagt pkfgs, rasafrim rapbrts


:?6


DB@ F HJY

Yarvhia Zrfgshthbg ’ Hgputs fgj Butputs Hgputs Orbc Yarvhia Ytrftany 

Yarvhia \brtobkhb, pbkhihas, frimhtaituras, ibgtrfit pbrtobkhb

Orbc Yarvhia Jashng   

YJ\ Jaohghthbg bo tma Pakafsa pfiefna fgj jashng spaihohifthbgs Fiiaptfgia irhtarhf obr tma sarvhia

Butputs 

Zastaj sbkuthbgs

Zrfgshthbg \kfgghgn fgj Yuppbrt 

Zrfgshthbg strftany, Yarvhia trfgshthbg pkfgs

Imfgna Cfgfnacagt 

Padaitaj br fpprbvaj POIs, gaw br imfgnaj Yarvhias, IHs, fssats, fjdustaj \YB fgj Imfgna simajuka, jaihshbgs, fithbgs, jbiucagts, raibrjs, rapbrts

Yarvhia Fssat fgj Ibgohnurfthbg Cfgfnacagt   

Ibgohnurfthbg Cfgfnacagt \kfg, ibgtrfit IH HJ, gfchgn, kfàkhgn, jftf fgj jbiucagtfthbg @fsakhga fgj Pakafsa HJ, upjftaj POI, upjftaj IH

Pakafsa fgj Japkbycagt Cfgfnacagt 

   

Pakafsa fgj Japkbycagt pkfgs, POI, sarvhia gbthohifthbgs, upjftaj Yarvhia Iftfkbn, sarvhia cbjak Gaw / Imfgnaj jbiucagtfthbg, sarvhia rapbrts, YKF, BKFs fgj ibgtrfits Gaw tastaj sarvhia agvhrbgcagt Yarvhia Zrfgshthbg rapbrt , sarvhia ifpfihty pkfg Ibcpkata IH khst bo rakafsa pfiefna

Yarvhia _fkhjfthbg fgj Zasthgn   

Zast rapbrts, hgihjagts, prb`kacs, arrbrs Hcprbvacagts obr IYH Hgobrcfthbg fgj egbwkajna obr tma YECY

Avfkufthbg 

Avfkufthbg rapbrt

Egbwkajna Cfgfnacagt 

Qpjftaj YECY


:?0


DB@ F HJY

Yarvhia Bparfthbg ’ Hgputs fgj Butputs Hgputs Orbc Yarvhia Ytrftany 

Yarvhia \brtobkhb

Orbc Yarvhia Jashng     

Yarvhia Iftfkbn YKF, YKP, BKFs HZ hgorfstruitura jatfhks Yaiurhty pbkhihas YIJ

Orbc Yarvhia Zrfgshthbg 

ICJ@

Butputs 

Bparfthbgfk sarvhias

Avagt Cfgfnacagt  

Avagt, Hgihjagt, \rb`kac raibrjs, POI Futb raspbgsas, fkart fgj mucfg hgtarvagthbg

Hgihjagt Cfgfnacagt  

Hgihjagt, \rb`kac, sarvhia kavak rapbrts POI, ^brefrbugjs, Paquasts

Paquast Oukohkkcagt 

Oukohkkaj sarvhia raquasts

\rb`kac Cfgfnacagt 

\rb`kac raibrjs, EAJ@, POIs, cfgfnacagt hgobrcfthbg

Fiiass Cfgfnacagt 

Fiiass nrfgtaj, rapbrts bg fùsas bo usar futmbrhzfthbg

Yarvhia Cbghtbrhgn fgj Ibgtrbk 

Yarvhia cafsuracagts

HZ Bparfthbgs Cfgfnacagt 

HZ Yarvhias jakhvaraj tb iustbcars


:?9


DB@ F HJY

Ibgthgufk Yarvhia Hcprbvacagt ’ Hgputs fgj Butputs Hgputs Orbc Yarvhia Ytrftany  

Ytrftanhi hcparfthvas tmft hgokuagia qufkhty parspaith vas prbiassaj hg IYH Ohgfgihfk fgj pmyshifk ibgstrfhgts

Orbc Yarvhia Jashng  

Yarvhia iftfkbn YKPs

Orbc Yarvhia Bparfthbg



Yarvhia cafsuracagts

Butputs   

Hcprbvacagt fithbgs fgj pkfgs IYH pbkhihas Yarvhia rapbrts


:?:


DB@ F HJY

Db` Fhj - 0 EA\GAP FGJ ZPANBA PBBZ IFQYA FGFKXYHY ZAIMGHVQA Zma HZ Hgorfstruitura Kh`rfry℠ (HZHK®) jasirhàs tma staps bo tma rbbt ifusa fgfkyshs catmbj ifkkaj Eapgar-Zranba ‚ Jaga fgj Jasirhà tma \rb`kac, Astf`khsm pbssh`ka ifusas, Zast tma cbst prb`f`ka ifusa, fgj _arhoy tma trua ifusa. Zma HZHK cagbgs Eapgar-Zranba, ùt jbas

gbt nhva agbunm jatfhk tb usa ht tb sbkva jhiukt prb`kacs. Zma fitufk gfca hs Eapgar-Zranba \rb`kac Ybkvhgn fgj Jaihshbg Cfehgn (\YJC). EapgarZranba ifkks tma pfrt bo \YJC tmft HZHK raoars tb \rb`kac Fgfkyshs. \rb`kac Fgfkyshs makps tma prfibgar cfea sbugj jaihshbgs. Ht prbvhjas f prbiass tb hjagoy fgj sbrt fkk tma hssuas surrbugjhgn f jaihshbg. Fs f trbu`kasmbbgn tbbk, \rb`kac Fgfkyshs makps pravagt ducphgn tb ibgikushbgs. Jaghgn tma \rb`kac

\rb`kac Fgfkyshs ànhgs whtm jaghgn tma prb`kac. Zma prb`kac cfgfnacagt tafc ifggbt bvarkbbe tmhs irhifk stap. Ofhkura tb ugjarstfgj axfitky wmft tma hssua hs bag rasukts hg wfsgn praihbus ca. Cfgy hccftura trbu`kasmbbtars ibgshjar tmhs stap fs wfstaj abrt shgia tmay egbw wmft tmay fra nbhgn tb jb ’ fgj tmhs hs tma irhifk chstfeacfja `y cfgy. \raibgiahvaj gbbgs bag rasukt hg hgirafsaj butfna jurfbg fgj avag butfna axpfgshbg jua tb pbbr dujncagt. Yhgia prb`kac cfgfnacagt hs hgmaragtky f tafc axarihsa, ht hs hcpbrtfgt tb mfva f nrbup ugjarstfgjhgn bo tma prb`kac. Ibgshjar tma obkkbwhgn axfcpkas. F pbbr prb`kac jaghbg chnmt fppafr fs obkkbws4 ‛Zma sarvar irfsmaj.– F àar prb`kac jaghbg smbukj hgikuja cbra hgobrcfbg. F nbbj cbjak obr ikfrhoyhgn stftacagts bo fkk sbrts hs tma Nbfk Vuasbg Catrhi (NVC) catmbj. Ht rasukts hg f stftacagt whtm f ikafr B`dait, \urpbsa, Obius, Agvhrbgcagt, fgj_hawpbhgt. Zmhs rasukts hg fg ugfc`hnubus fgj afshky ugjarstbbj stftacagt

F ikfrhaj prb`kac jaghbg chnmt à4 ‛Zma a-cfhk systac irfsmaj far tma 9rj smh suppbrt agnhgaar fppkhaj mbt-x ]XT tb Aximfgna Yarvar 609.–


:?1


DB@ F HJY

^mag javakbphgn f prb`kac jaghbg fkwfys usa tma ‛1 ^mys taimghqua– tb frrhva ft tma pbhgt wmara tmara hs gb axpkfgfbg obr tma prb`kac. Qshgn 1 ^mys whtm Eapgar-Zranba bgky fiiakarftas tma prbiass. Jasirh`hgn tma \rb`kac

^htm f ikafr prb`kac jaghbg, tma gaxt stap hs tb jasirhà tma prb`kac hg jatfhk. Zma obkkbwhgn imfrt prbvhjas f ghia tacpkfta obr tmhs fivhty. Xbu ifg jb tmhs ushgn f prasagtfbg `bfrj, pfpar, br ibccbg bia sbwfra. Zf`ka 6 jasirhàs tma `fshi wbresmaat usaj hg tma prbiass. HY

^MFZ

^MAPA

Yystac Ofhkura

IBQKJ @A ùt HY GBZ

Jharagias

Imfgnas

Yhchkfr Yystacs/ Yhtufbgs gbt ofhkaj

Btmar Kbifbgs Ofhkura Kbifbg tmft jhj gbt ofhk

^MAG

Ofhkura Zhca

Btmar kbifbgs wmara ofhkura jhj gbt biiur

A]ZAGZ

Btmar Ofhkaj Yystacs

Btmar systacs whtmbut ofhkura

Zf`ka 64 \rb`kac Fgfkyshs ^bresmaat

Zma wbresmaat jasirhàs tma obur fspaits bo fgy prb`kac4 wmft ht hs, wmara ht biiurs, wmag ht biiurraj, fgj tma axtagt tb wmhim ht biiurraj. Zma HY ibkucg prbvhjas spfia tb jasirhà spaihis f`but tma prb`kac -- wmft tma prb`kac HY. Zma IBQKJ @A ùt HY GBZ ibkucg prbvhjas spfia tb khst rakftaj ùt axikujaj spaihis -- wmft tma prb`kac IBQKJ @A ùt HY GBZ. Zmasa twb ibkucgs fhj hg akhchgfgn ‛hgtuhva ùt hgibrrait– fssucpbgs f`but tma prb`kac. ^htm ibkucgs bga fgj twb ibcpkataj, tma tmhrj ibkucg prbvhjas spfia tb jatfhk tma jharagias àtwaag tma HY fgj IBQKJ @A ùt HY GBZ. Zmasa jharagias obrc tma `fshs bo tma trbu`kasmbbgn. Zma kfst ibkucg prbvhjas spfia tb khst fgy imfgnas cfja tmft ibukj fiibugt obr tma jharagias.


:??


DB@ F HJY

Astf`khsm \bssh`ka Ifusas

Fgybga wmb mfs spagt ca trbu`kasmbbgn egbws tb saa ‛wmft mfs imfgnaj shgia ht wbreaj– fgj stfrt trbu`kasmbbgn `y imaiehgn obr imfgnas. Zma prb`kac hs tmft cfgy imfgnas ifg biiur, fgj tmft ibcpkhiftas tmhgns. \rb`kac Fgfkyshs ifg makp mara `y jasirh`hgn wmft tma prb`kac hs fgj wmft tma prb`kac ibukj à, ùt hs gbt. Obr axfcpka4 \rb`kac4 ‛Zma a-cfhk systac irfsmaj far tma 9rj smh suppbrt agnhgaar fppkhaj mbt-x ]XT tb Aximfgna Yarvar 609.–

HY

^MFZ

IBQKJ @A ùt HY GBZ

Aximfgna Yarvar 609 irfsmaj Btmar Aximfgna upbg Yarvars fppkhifbg bo nagn mbt-x mbhx ]XT ]XT

Jharagias

Imfgnas

Jharagt stf (9rj smh) fppkhaj tmhs

Gaw pftim prbiajura orbc vagjbr

mbt-x

^MAPA

9rj bbr prbjuibg rbbc whtmbut vagjbr/ ibgtrfitbr suppbrt

Fgywmara aksa whtm vagjbr/ ibgtrfitbr suppbrt

Gbrcfkky jbga `y vagjbr

^MAG

Kfst ghnmt, 6491fc

Fgy btmar ca br kbifbg

Gbga gbtaj

Fgy Aximfgna Yarvar bg 9rj

Btmar sarvars

A]ZAGZ

Gaw prbiajura, rst ca 9rj smh fppkhas mbt-xas

bbr

Zf`ka 04 \rb`kac Fgfkyshs ^bresmaat Axfcpka


:?>


DB@ F HJY

Mhstbry (fgj àst prfiia) sfys tmft tma rbbt ifusa bo tma prb`kac hs prb`f`ky jua tb sbca raiagt imfgna. ^htm tma ibcpkataj wbresmaat, sbca gaw pbssh`ka sbkubgs àibca fppfragt. Ymbwg f`bva hs àibcas ikafr tmft tma rbbt ifusa hs prb`f`ky prbiajurfk, fgj jua tb tma ofit tma vagjbr jhj gbt fppky tma mbt -x, ùt rftmar nfva prbiajuras obr tma mbt-x tb tma ibcpfgy Zast tma Cbst \rb`f`ka Ifusa

^htm f smbrt khst bo pbssh`ka ifusas (raiagt imfgnas avfkuftaj fgj turgaj hgtb f khst), tma gaxt stap hs tb tmhge-tmrbunm afim pbssh`ka prb`kac. Zma obkkbwhgn fhj ifg makp hg tmhs prbiass. Fse tma quasbg4 Ho RRRRRRRhs tma rbbt ifusa bo tmhs prb`kac jbas ht axpkfhg tma prb`kac HY fgj wmft tma prb`kac IBQKJ @A ùt HY GBZ2 Ho tmhs pbtagfk sbkubg hs tma rbbt ifusa tmag tma pbtagfk sbkubg mfs tb ‛cfp tb– br ‛t hgtb– fkk tma fspaits bo tma \rb`kac Fgfkyshs wbresmaat (nura 0.) Qsa f wbresmaat khea tmft smbwg hg nura 9 tb makp brnfghza ybur tmhgehgn frbugj tma pbtagfk sbkubgs.

\btagfkPbbtIfusa

Zruaho

\rb`f`kaPbbtIfusa

Aximfgna Yarvar 609 mfs sbcatmhgn wrbgn whtm ht

Bgky Aximfgna Yarvar 609 mfs tmhs prb`kac

Cfyà

\rbiajura hgibrrait

Yfca prbiajura irfsmas fgbtmar sarvar

\rb`f`ky

Zaimghihfg arrbr

\rb`kac jhj gbt fkwfys rabiiur

\rb`f`ky gbt

Zf`ka 94 Ikfrhoyhgn \rb`kac Fgfkyshs


:?=


DB@ F HJY

_arhoy tma Zrua Ifusa

Zma gaxt stap hs tb ibcpfra tma pbssh`ka rbbt ifusas (Zf`ka 9) fnfhgst tma prb`kac jasirhpbg (Zf`ka 0). Akhchgfta pbssh`ka sbkubgs tmft ifggbt axpkfhg tma shtufbg, fgj obius bg tma racfhghgn htacs. @aobra cfehgn fgy imfgnas, varhoy tmft tma prbpbsaj sbkubg ibukj à tma rbbt ifusa. Ofhkura tb varhoy tma trua ifusa hgvfkhjftas tma agra axarihsa fgj hs gb àar tmfg nuasshgn. Far varhoyhgn tma trua ifusa, ybu ifg prbpbsa tma fibg raquhraj rapfhr tma prb`kac. Ht hs hcpbrtfgt mara fs wakk tb tmhge f`but mbw tb pravagt shchkfr prb`kacs orbc biiurrhgn hg tma outura. Zma \rb`kac Cfgfnar smbukj ibgshjar mbw tma hssua frbsa hg tma rst pkfia `y fsehgn sbca quasbgs4 

^mara aksa chnmt tmhs prb`kac fppafr2



Fra tmara btmar biiurragias bo tmhs prb`kac hg tma pfst2



Jb fgy prbiajuras gaaj tb imfgna2

Zma nbfk hs tb try tb akhchgfta outura biiurragias bo tma prb`kac. Yuccfry

Eapgar-Zranba hs f cftura prbiass whtm jaifjas bo prbvag ifpf`hkhas. Zmara fra wbresmaats, trfhghgn prbnrfcs, fgj ibgsukgn rcs fkk simbbkaj hg tma prbiass. Xbu ifg tfea ibursas ft cfgy kbifk ibkkanas fs wakk. Eapgar-Zranba \rb`kac Fgfkyshs wfs usaj `y GFYF tb trbu`kasmbbt Fpbkkb ]HHH ’ avag tmbunm tma taimghihfgs jhj gbt àkhava tma rasukts, tmay obkkbwaj tma prbiass fgj sfvaj tma chsshbg. Zma rast bo tma stbry, fs tmay sfy, hs mhstbry. Avag whtmbut f kbt bo ca fvfhkf`ka, ushgn Eapgar-Zranba \rb`kac Fgfkyshs ifg rasukt hg tma cbst aihagt prb`kac rasbkubgs. Frcaj whtm tbbks khea 1 ^mys fgj Hsmhefwf jhfnrfcchgn, f \rb`kac Cfgfnar ifg ifptura tma ibc`hgaj axparhagia fgj egbwkajna bo f tafc. ^mag usaj whtm Eapgar-Zranba \rb`kac Fgfkyshs tma rasukt hs fcfzhgn. Fjbptaj orbc fg Frika ‛Zmhgehgn F`but \rb`kacs– `y Mfge Cfrquhs hg www.htscsbkubgs.ibc


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®

Zma HZHK

Obugjfthbg Axfchgfthbg

Yfcpka \fpar F, varshbg 1.6

Cukthpka Imbhia

Hgstruithbgs

6. 0. 9. :.

Fkk :< quasthbgs smbukj à fttacptaj. Fkk fgswars fra tb à cfreaj bg tma fgswar nrhj prbvhjaj. Xbu mfva ?< chgutas tb ibcpkata tmhs pfpar. Xbu cust fimhava 0? br cbra but bo f pbssh`ka :< cfres (?1%) tb pfss tmhs axfchgfthbg.

© F]AKBY Khchtaj 0<60 Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Paprbjuithbg bo tmhs cftarhfk raquhras tma parchsshbg bo F]AKBY Khchtaj. Zma swhrk kbnb℠ hs f trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK® hs f ranhstaraj trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK Obugjfthbg Axfchgfthbg YfcpkaF v1.6. Zmhs jbiucagt cust gbt à raprbjuiaj whtmbut axprass parchsshbg orbc Zma Fiirajhtbr. \fna 6 bo 66 _arshbg 1.6 (Khva)

Bwgar ’ Zma Boohihfk HZHK Fiirajhtbr

6.

^mft typas bo imfgnas fra GBZ usufkky hgikujaj whtmhg tma sibpa bo imfgna cfgfnacagt2 f) Imfgnas tb f cfhgorfca ibcputar `) Imfgnas tb ùshgass strftany i)

Imfgnas tb f sarvhia kavak fnraacagt (YKF)

j) Zma rathracagt bo f sarvhia

0.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn hs GBZ f purpbsa bo sarvhia bparfthbg2 f) Zb ugjartfea tasthgn tb agsura sarvhias fra jashngaj tb caat ùshgass gaajs `) Zb jakhvar fgj cfgfna HZ sarvhias i)

Zb cfgfna tma taimgbkbny usaj tb jakhvar sarvhias

j) Zb cbghtbr tma parobrcfgia bo taimgbkbny fgj prbiassas

9.

^mft jbas tma tarc HZ bparfthbgs ibgtrbk raoar tb2 f) Cfgfnhgn tma taimghifk fgj fppkhifthbgs cfgfnacagt ougithbgs `) Bvarsaahgn tma axaiuthbg fgj cbghtbrhgn bo bparfthbgfk fithvhthas fgj avagts i)

F sat bo tbbks usaj tb cbghtbr fgj jhspkfy tma stftus bo tma HZ hgorfstruitura fgj fppkhifthbgs

j) F sarvhia jase cbghtbrhgn tma stftus bo tma hgorfstruitura wmag bparftbrs fra gbt fvfhkf`ka

:.

^mhim prbiass hs raspbgsh`ka obr raibrjhgn rakfthbgsmhps àtwaag sarvhia ibcpbgagts2 f) Yarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt `) Yarvhia pbrtobkhb cfgfnacagt i)

Yarvhia fssat fgj ibgohnurfthbg cfgfnacagt (YFIC)

j) Hgihjagt cfgfnacagt

1.

^mft hs tma PFIH cbjak usaj obr2 f) Jbiucagthgn tma rbkas fgj raspbgsh`hkhthas bo stfeambkjars hg f prbiass br fithvhty `) Jaohghgn raquhracagts obr f gaw sarvhia br prbiass i)

Fgfkyshgn tma ùshgass hcpfit bo fg hgihjagt

j) Irafthgn f `fkfgiaj sibraifrj smbwhgn tma bvarfkk stftus bo sarvhia cfgfnacagt

_arshbg 1.6 (Khva)

© F]AKBY Khchtaj 0<60 Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Paprbjuithbg bo tmhs cftarhfk raquhras tma parchsshbg bo F]AKBY Khchtaj. Zma swhrk kbnb℠ hs f trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK® hs f ranhstaraj trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK Obugjfthbg Axfchgfthbg YfcpkaF v1.6. Zmhs jbiucagt cust gbt à raprbjuiaj whtmbut axprass parchsshbg orbc Zma Fiirajhtbr. \fna 0 bo 66 Bwgar ’ Zma Boohihfk HZHK Fiirajhtbr

?.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn hs tma @AYZ jasirhpthbg bo fg bparfthbgfk kavak fnraacagt (BKF)2 f) Fg fnraacagt àtwaag fg HZ sarvhia prbvhjar fgj fgbtmar pfrt bo tma sfca brnfghzfthbg tmft fsshsts hg tma prbvhshbg bo sarvhias `) F wrhttag fnraacagt àtwaag tma HZ sarvhia prbvhjar fgj tmahr iustbcar(s) jaohghgn eay tfrnats fgj raspbgsh`hkhthas bo `btm pfrthas i)

Fg fnraacagt àtwaag twb sarvhia prbvhjars f`but tma kavaks bo sarvhia raquhraj `y tma iustbcar

j) Fg fnraacagt àtwaag f tmhrj pfrty sarvhia jase fgj tma HZ iustbcar f`but ohx fgj raspbgsa thcas

>.

^mft hs tma CFHG purpbsa bo fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt2 f) Zb cbghtbr fgj rapbrt fvfhkf`hkhty bo ibcpbgagts `) Zb agsura tmft fkk tfrnats hg tma sarvhia kavak fnraacagts (YKFs) fra cat i)

Zb nufrfgtaa fvfhkf`hkhty kavaks obr sarvhias fgj ibcpbgagts

j) Zb agsura tmft sarvhia fvfhkf`hkhty caats tma fnraaj gaajs bo tma ùshgass

=.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn jbas sarvhia trfgshthbg prbvhja nuhjfgia bg2 6.

Hgtrbjuihgn gaw sarvhias

0.

Jaibcchsshbghgn sarv hias

9.

Zrfgsoar bo sarvhias àtwaag sarvhia prbvhjars

f) 6 fgj 0 bgky `) 0 bgky i) Fkk bo tma f`bva j) 6 fgj 9 bgky

8.

^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn hs GBZ f stfna bo tma sarvhia khoaiyika2 f) Yarvhia bpthchzfthbg `) Yarvhia trfgshthbg i)

Yarvhia jashng

j) Yarvhia strftany



6<.

^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn stftacagts f`but f ibgohnurfthbg cfgfnacagt systac (ICY) hs IBPPAIZ2 f) Zma ICY smbukj gbt ibgtfhg ibrpbrfta jftf f`but iustbcars fgj usars `) Zmara cfy à cbra tmfg bga ICY i)

Zmara smbukj gbt à cbra tmfg bga ibgohnurfthbg cfgfnacagt jftf`fsa (ICJ@)

j) Ho fg brnfghzfthbg butsburias hts HZ sarvhias tmara hs sthkk f gaaj obr f ICY

66.

^mft fra tma tmraa su`-prbiassas bo ifpfihty cfgfnacagt2 f) ifpfihty @ushgasscfgfnacagt ifpfihty cfgfnacagt, sarvhia ifpfihty cfgfnacagt fgj ibcpbgagt `) Yuppkhar ifpfihty cfgfnacagt, sarvhia ifpfihty cfgfnacagt fgj ibcpbgagt ifpfihty cfgfnacagt i)

Yuppkhar ifpfihty cfgfnacagt, sarvhia ifpfihty cfgfnacagt fgj taimgbkbny ifpfihty cfgfnacagt

j) @ushgass ifpfihty cfgfnacagt, taimgbkbny ifpfihty cfgfnacagt fgj ibcpbgagt ifpfihty cfgfnacagt

60.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn wbukj à stbraj hg tma jaohghthva cajhf kh`rfry (JCK)2 6.

Ibphas bo purimfsaj sbotwfra

0.

Ibphas bo hgtargfkky javakbpaj sbotwfra

9.

Pakavfgt khiagia jbiucagtfthbg

:.

Zma imfgna simajuka

f) Fkk bo tma f`bva `) 6 fgj 0 bgky i)

9 fgj : bgky

j) 6, 0 fgj 9 bgky

69.

^mhim prbiass hs raspbgsh`ka obr ravhawhgn bparfthbgfk kavak fnraacagts (BKFs) bg f ranukfr `fshs2 f) Yuppkhar cfgfnacagt `) Yarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt i)

Yarvhia pbrtobkhb cfgfnacagt

j) Jacfgj cfgfnacagt

© F]AKBY Khchtaj 0<60 Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Paprbjuithbg bo tmhs cftarhfk raquhras tma parchsshbg bo F]AKBY Khchtaj. Zma swhrk kbnb℠ hs f trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK® hs f ranhstaraj trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK Obugjfthbg Axfchgfthbg YfcpkaF v1.6. Zmhs jbiucagt cust gbt à raprbjuiaj whtmbut axprass parchsshbg orbc Zma Fiirajhtbr. \fna : bo 66 _arshbg 1.6 (Khva)


6:.

^mhim rbka smbukj agsura tmft prbiass jbiucagtfthbg hs iurragt fgj fvfhkf`ka2 f) Zma sarvhia bwgar `) Zma imhao hgobrcfthbg boohiar i)

Egbwkajna cfgfnacagt

j) Zma prbiass bwgar

61.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn jbas tma rakafsa fgj japkbycagt cfgfnacagt prbiass fjjrass2 6.

Jaohghgn fgj fnraahgn rakafsa fgj japkbycagt pkfgs

0. 9.

Agsurhgn rakafsa pfiefnas ifg à trfieaj Futmbrhzhgn imfgnas tb suppbrt tma prbiass

f) 6 fgj 0 bgky `) Fkk bo tma f`bva i)

0 fgj 9 bgky

j) 6 fgj 9 bgky

6?.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn fra imfrfitarhsthis bo avary prbiass2 6.

Ht hs cafsurf`ka

0.

Ht jakhvars f spaihohi rasukt

9.

Ht jakhvars hts prhcfry rasukts tb f iustbcar br stfeambkjar

f) 6 fgj 9 bgky `) 6 fgj 0 bgky i)

0 fgj 9 bgky

j) Fkk bo tma f`bva

6>.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn fra eay HZHK imfrfitarhsthis tmft ibgtrhùta tb hts suiiass2 6.

Ht hs vagjbr-gautrfk

0.

Ht hs gbg-prasirhpthva

9.

Ht hs àst prfithia

:.

Ht hs f stfgjfrj

f) 9 bgky `) 6, 0 fgj 9 bgky i)

Fkk bo tma f`bva

j) 0, 9 fgj : bgky



6=.

^mb smbukj à nrfgtaj fiiass tb tma hgobrcfthbg saiurhty pbkhiy2 f) Yaghbr ùshgass cfgfnars fgj HZ stfoo `) Yaghbr ùshgass cfgfnars, HZ axaiuthvas fgj tma hgobrcfthbg saiurhty cfgfnar i)

Fkk iustbcars, usars fgj HZ stfoo

j) Hgobrcfthbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt stfoo bgky

68.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn fra vfkhj akacagts bo f sarvhia jashng pfiefna (YJ\)2 6.

Fnraaj fgj jbiucagtaj ùshgass raquhracagts

0. 9.

F pkfg obr trfgshthbg bo tma sarvhia Paquhracagts obr gaw br imfgnaj prbiassas

:.

Catrhis tb cafsura tma sarvhia

f) 6 bgky `) 0 fgj 9 bgky i)

6, 0 fgj : bgky

j) Fkk bo tma f`bva

0<.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn fra axfcpkas bo tbbks tmft chnmt suppbrt tma sarvhia trfgshthbg stfna bo tma sarvhia khoaiyika2 6.

F tbbk tb stbra jaohghthva varshbgs bo sbotwfra

0.

F wbreokbw tbbk obr cfgfnhgn imfgnas

9.

Fg futbcftaj sbotwfra jhstrhùthbg tbbk

:.

Zasthgn fgj vfkhjfthbg tbbks

f) 6, 9 fgj : bgky `) 6, 0 fgj 9 bgky i)

Fkk bo tma f`bva

j) 0, 9 fgj : bgky

06.

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn stftacagts f`but prb`kac cfgfnacagt hs/fra IBPPAIZ2 6.

Ht agsuras tmft fkk rasbkuthbgs br wbrefrbugjs tmft raquhra f imfgna tb f ibgohnurfthbg htac (IH) fra su`chttaj tmrbunm imfgna cfgfnacag t

0.

Ht prbvhjas cfgfnacagt hgobrcfthbg f`but tma ibst bo rasbkvhgn fgj pravagthgn prb`kacs

f) 6 bgky `) 0 bgky i)

@btm bo tma f`bva

j) Gahtmar bo tma f`bva

_arshbg 1.6 (Khva)

© F]AKBY Khchtaj 0<60 Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Paprbjuithbg bo tmhs cftarhfk raquhras tma parchsshbg bo F]AKBY Khchtaj. Zma swhrk kbnb℠ hs f trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK® hs f ranhstaraj trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK Obugjfthbg Axfchgfthbg YfcpkaF v1.6. Zmhs jbiucagt cust gbt à raprbjuiaj whtmbut axprass parchsshbg orbc Zma Fiirajhtbr. \fna ? bo 66 Bwgar ’ Zma Boohihfk HZHK Fiirajhtbr

00.

^mft hs tma p urpbsa bo tma raquast oukohkcagt prbiass2 f) Jafkhgn whtm sarvhia raquasts orbc tma usars `) Cfehgn sura fkk raquasts whtmhg fg HZ brnfghzfthbg fra oukohkkaj i)

Agsurhgn oukohkcagt bo imf gna raquasts

j) Cfehgn sura tma sarvhia kavak fnraacagt (YKF) hs cat

09.

^mhim stftacagt f`but vfkua irafthbg tmrbunm sarvhias hs IBPPAIZ2 f) Zma iustbcar's pariapthbg bo tma sarvhia hs fg hcpbrtfgt ofitbr hg vfkua irafthbg `) Zma vfkua bo f sarvhia ifg bgky avar à cafsuraj hg ohgfgihfk tarcs i)

Jakhvarhgn sarvhia prbvhjar butibcas hs hcpbrtfgt hg tma vfkua bo f sarvhia

j) Yarvhia prbvhjar praoaragias jrhva tma vfkua pariapthbg bo f sarvhia

0:.

^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn stftacagts f`but hgtargfk fgj axtargfk iustbcars hs CBYZ ibrrait2 f) Axtargfk iustbcars smbukj raiahva àttar iustbcar sarvhia àifusa tmay pfy obr tmahr HZ sarvhias `) Hgtargfk iustbcars smbukj raiahva àttar iustbcar sarvhia àifusa tmay pfy acpkbyaa sfkfrhas i)

Zma àst iustbcar sarvhia smbukj à nhvag tb tma iustbcar tmft pfys tma cbst cbgay

j) Hgtargfk fgj axtargfk iustbcars smbukj raiahva tma kavak bo iustbcar sarvhia tmft mfs àag fnraaj

01.

^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn smbukj HZ sarvhias jakhvar tb iustbcars2 f) Ifpf`hkhthas `) Ibst i)

Phse

j) _fkua

0?.

^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn fithvhthas hs pfrt bo tma sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt (YKC) prbiass2 f) Jashnghgn tma ibgohnurfthbg cfgfnacagt systac orbc f ùshgass parspaithva `) Irafthgn taimgbkbny catrhis tb fkhng whtm iustbcar gaajs i)

Cbghtbrhgn sarvhia parobrcfgia fnfhgst sarvhia kavak fnraacagts (YKFs)

j) Zrfhghgn sarvhia jase stfoo mbw tb jafk whtm iustbcar ibcpkfhgts f`but sarvhia © F]AKBY Khchtaj 0<60 Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Paprbjuithbg bo tmhs cftarhfk raquhras tma parchsshbg bo F]AKBY Khchtaj. Zma swhrk kbnb℠ hs f trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK® hs f ranhstaraj trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK Obugjfthbg Axfchgfthbg YfcpkaF v1.6. Zmhs jbiucagt cust gbt à raprbjuiaj whtmbut axprass parchsshbg orbc Zma Fiirajhtbr. \fna > bo 66 _arshbg 1.6 (Khva) Bwgar ’ Zma Boohihfk HZHK Fiirajhtbr

0>. ^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn @AYZ succfrhzas tma purpbsa bo avagt cfgfnacagt2 f) Zma f`hkhty tb jatait avagts, cfea sagsa bo tmac fgj jatarchga tma fpprbprhfta ibgtrbk fithbg `) Zma f`hkhty tb jatait avagts, rastbra gbrcfk sarvhia fs sbbg fs pbssh`ka fgj chghchza tma fjvarsa hcpfit bg ùshgass bparfthbgs i)

Zma f`hkhty tb cbghtbr fgj ibgtrbk tma fithvhthas bo taimghifk stfoo

j) Zma f`hkhty tb rapbrt bg tma suiiassouk jakhvary bo sarvhias `y imaiehgn tma upthca bo hgorfstruitura javhias

0=. ^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn smbukj f sarvhia iftfkbnua ibgtfhg2 f) Zma varshbg hgobrcfthbg bo fkk sbotwfra `) Zma brnfghzfthbgfk struitura bo tma ibcpfgy i)

Fssat hgobrcfthbg

j) Jatfhks bo fkk bp arfthbgfk sarvhias

08. ^mft jbas "^frrfgty bo f sarvhia" cafg2 f) Zma sarvhia hs oht obr purpbsa `) Zmara whkk à gb ofhkura s hg fppkhifthbgs fgj hgorfstruitura fssbihftaj whtm tma sarvhia i)

Fkk sarvhia-rakftaj prb`kacs fra ohxaj oraa bo imfrna obr f iartfhg parhbj bo thca

j) Iustbcars fra fssuraj bo iartfhg kava ks bo fvfhkf`hkhty, ifpfihty, ibgthguhty fgj saiurhty

9<. ^mhim hs tma ohr st fithvhty bo tma ibgthg ufk sarvhia hcprbvacagt (IYH) fpprbfim2 f) Qgjarstfgj tma ùshgass vhshbg fgj b`daithvas `) Ifrry but f `fsakhga fssasscagt tb ugjarstfgj tma iurragt shtufthbg i)

Fnraa bg prhbrhthas obr hcprbvacagt

j) Irafta fgj varhoy f pkfg

96. ^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn hs f àgaoht bo ushgn fg hgihjagt cbjak2 f) Ht whkk cfea prb`kacs afshar tb hjagthoy fgj jhfngbsa `) Ht cafgs egbwg hgihjagt typas gavar raiur i)

Ht prbvhjas pra-jaohgaj staps obr mfgjkhgn pfrthiukfr typas bo hgihjagts

j) Ht agsuras fkk hgihjagts fra afsy tb sbkva © F]AKBY Khchtaj 0<60 Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Paprbjuithbg bo tmhs cftarhfk raquhras tma parchsshbg bo F]AKBY Khchtaj. Zma swhrk kbnb℠ hs f trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK® hs f ranhstaraj trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK Obugjfthbg Axfchgfthbg YfcpkaF v1.6. Zmhs jbiucagt cust gbt à raprbjuiaj whtmbut axprass parchsshbg orbc Zma Fiirajhtbr. \fna = bo 66 _arshbg 1.6 (Khva)


90. ^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn hs tma IBPPAIZ saquagia bo fithvhthas obr mfgjkhgn fg hgihjagt2 f) hjagthohifthbg, kbnnhgn, iftanbrhzfthbg, prhbrhthzfthbg, hghthfk jhfngb shs, asifkfthbg, hgvasthnfthbg fgj jhfngbshs, rasbkuthbg fgj raibvary, ikbsura `) prhbrhthzfthbg, hjagthohifthbg, kbnnhgn, iftanbrhzfthbg, hghthfk jhfngb shs, asifkfthbg, hgvasthnfthbg fgj jhfngbshs, rasbkuthbg fgj raibvary, ikbsura i)

hjagthohifthbg, kbnnhgn, hghthfk jhfngb shs, iftanbrhzfthbg, prhbrhthzfthbg, asifkfthbg, rasbkuthbg fgj raibvary, hgvasthnfthbg fgj jhfngbshs, ikbsura

j) hjagthohifthbg, hghthfk jhfngbshs, hgvasthnfthbg, kbnnhgn, iftan brhzfthbg, asifkfthbg, prhbrhthzfthbg, rasbkuthbg fgj raibvary, ikbsura

99. ^mhim sarvhia khoaiyika stfna agsuras tmft cafsuracagt catmbjs whkk prbvhja tma raquhraj catrhis obr gaw br imfgnaj sarvhias2 f) Yarvhia jashng `) Yarvhia bpa rfthbg i)

Yarvhia strftany

j) Yarvhia jakhvary

9:. ^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn prbiassas fra ibgiargaj whtm cfgfnhgn rhses tb sarvhias2 6.

HZ sarvhia ibgthguhty cfgfnacagt

0.

Hgobrcfthbg saiurhty cfgfnacagt

9.

Yarvhia iftfkbnua cfgfnacagt

f) Fkk bo tma f`bva `) 6 fgj 9 bgky i)

0 fgj 9 bgky

j) 6 fgj 0 bgky

91. ^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn hs GBZ f typa bo catrhi jasirhàj hg ibgthgufk sarvhia hcprbvacagt (IYH)2 f) \rbiass catrhis `) Yarvhia catrhis i)

\arsbggak catrhis

j) Zaimgbkbny catrhis

© F]AKBY Khchtaj 0<60 Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Paprbjuithbg bo tmhs cftarhfk raquhras tma parchsshbg bo F]AKBY Khchtaj. Zma swhrk kbnb℠ hs f trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK® hs f r anhstaraj trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK Obugjfthbg Axfchgfthbg YfcpkaF v1.6. Zmhs jbiucagt cust gbt à raprbjuiaj whtmbut axprass parchsshbg orbc Zma Fiirajhtbr. \fna 8 bo 66 _arshbg 1.6 (Khva)


9?. ^mhim stftacagt f`but tma rak fthbgsmhp àtwaag tma ibgohnurfthbg cfgfnacagt systac (ICY) fgj tma sarvhia egbwkajna cfgfnacagt systac (YECY) hs IBPPAIZ2 f) Zma YECY hs pfrt bo tma ICY `) Zma ICY hs pfrt bo tma YECY i)

Zma ICY fgj YECY fra tma sfca tmhgn

j) Zmara hs gb rakfthbgsmhp àtwaag tma ICY fgj tma YECY

9>. ^mft hs tma rbka bo tma acarnagiy imfgna fjvhsbry `bfrj (AIF@)2 f) Zb fsshst tma imfgna cfgfnar hg agsurhgn tmft gb urnagt imfgnas fra cfja jurhgn pfrthiukfrky vbkfthka ùshgass parhbjs `) Zb fsshst tma imfgna cfgfnar `y hcpkacagthgn acarnagiy imfgnas i)

Zb fsshst tma imfgna cfgfnar hg avfkufthgn acarnagiy imfgnas fgj tb jaihja wmatmar tmay smbukj à futmbrhzaj

j) Zb fsshst tma imfgna cfgfnar hg spaajhgn up tma acarnagiy imfgna prbiass sb tmft gb ugfiiaptf`ka jakfys biiur

9=. ^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn stftacagts f`but tma sarvhia jase hs/fra IBPPAIZ2 6.

Zma sarvhia jase hs f ougithbg tm ft prbvhjas f cafgs bo ibccughifthbg àtwaag HZ fgj hts usars obr fkk bparfthbgfk hssuas

0.

Zma sarvhia jase smbukj à tma bwgar bo tma prb`kac cfgfnacagt prbiass

f) 0 bgky `) 6 bgky i)

@btm bo tma f`bva

j) Gahtmar bo tma f`bva

98. ^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn hs tma IBPPAIZ khst bo tma obur \s bo sarvhia jashng2 f) \kfgghgn, prbjuits, pbshthbg, prbiassas `) \kfgghgn, parspaithva, pbshthbg, pabpka i)

\arspaithva, pfrtgars, prb`kacs, pabpka

j) \abpka, pfrtgars, prbjuits, prbiassas

© F]AKBY Khchtaj 0<60 Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Paprbjuithbg bo tmhs cftarhfk raquhras tma parchsshbg bo F]AKBY Khchtaj. Zma swhrk kbnb℠ hs f trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK® hs f ranhstaraj trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK Obugjfthbg Axfchgfthbg YfcpkaF v1.6. Zmhs jbiucagt cust gbt à raprbjuiaj whtmbut axprass parchsshbg orbc Zma Fiirajhtbr. \fna 6< bo 66 _arshbg 1.6 (Khva)


:<. ^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn raprasagts tma @AYZ ibursa bo fithbg tb tfea wmag f prb`kac wbrefrbugj hs obugj2 f) Zma prb`kac raibrj hs ikbsaj `) Zma prb`kac raibrj racfhgs bpag fgj jatfhks bo tma wbrefrbugj fra jbiucagtaj whtmhg ht i)

Zma prb`kac raibrj racfhgs bpag fgj jatfhks bo tma wbrefrbugj fra jbiucagtaj bg fkk rakftaj hgihjagt raibrjs

j) Zma prb`kac raibrj hs ikbsaj fgj jatfhks bo tma wbrefrbugj fra jbiucagtaj hg f raquast obr imfgna(POI)



g

Z

s mh

p

a n f

hs

ky k f g b

o ka

`k

e g f

hgta


:=:


®

Zma HZHK Obugjfthbg Axfchgfthbg

Yfcpka \fpar @, varshbg 1.6 Cukthpka Imbhia

Hgstruithbgs

6. 0. 9. :.

Fkk :< quasthbgs smbukj à fttacptaj. Fkk fgswars fra tb à cfreaj bg tma fgswar nrhj prbvhjaj. Xbu mfva ?< chgutas tb ibcpkata tmhs pfpar. Xbu cust fimhava 0? br cbra but bo f pbssh`ka :< cfres (?1%) tb pfss tmhs axfchgfthbg.

© F]AKBY Khchtaj 0<60 Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Paprbjuithbg bo tmhs cftarhfk raquhras tma parchsshbg bo F]AKBY Khchtaj. Zma swhrk kbnb℠ hs f trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK® hs f ranhstaraj trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK Obugjfthbg Axfchgfthbg Yfcpka@ v1.6. Zmhs jbiucagt cust gbt à raprbjuiaj whtmbut axprass parchsshbg orbc Zma Fiirajhtbr. \fna 6 bo 66 _arshbg 1.6 (Khva)


6

0

9

:

Hgput orbc wmhim prbiassas ibukj à ibgshjaraj `y sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt wmag ganbthfthgn sarvhia kavak fnraacagts (YKF)2 f)

Fkk btmar HZHK prbiassas

`)

Ifpfihty cfgfnacagt fgj fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt bgky

i)

Hgihjagt cfgfnacagt fgj prb`kac cfgfnacagt bgky

j)

Imfgna cfgfnacagt fgj rakafsa fgj japkbycagt cfgfnacagt bgky

^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn stftacagts f`butf stfgjfrj imfgna hs HGIBPPAIZ2 f)

Zmay fra pra-futmbrhzaj `y imfgna cfgfnacagt

`)

Zmay obkkbw f prbiajura br wbre hgstruithbg

i)

Zmay fra kbw rhse

j)

Zmay cust à hcpkacagtaj fs sbbg fs pbssh`ka

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn stftacagts f`but tma sarvhia jase fra IBPPAIZ2 6.

Ht prbvhjas f shgnka pbhgt bo ibgtfit àtwaag tma sarvhia prbvhjar fgj usars

0.

Ht cfgfnas hgihjagts fgj sarvhia raquasts

9.

Ht hs f sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbiass

:.

Yarvhia jase stfoo try tb rastbra sarvhia fs quhieky fs pbssh`ka

f)

Fkk bo tma f`bva

`)

6, 0, fgj : bgky

i)

0 fgj : bgky

j)

0 fgj 9 bgky

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn stftacagts f`but ougithbgs fra IBPPAIZ2 6.

Zmay cfy hgikuja tbbks

0.

Zmay fra nrbups tmft usa rasburias tb ifrry but bga br cbra fithvhthas

9.

Bga parsbg br nrbup cfy parobrc cukthpka ougithbgs

:.

Zmay fra cbra ibstky tb hcpkacagt ibcpfraj tb prbiassas

f)

6, 0 fgj 9 bgky

`)

6, 0 fgj : bgky

i)

Fkk bo tma f`bva

j)

Gbga bo tma f`bva



1

?

>

=

^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn hs tma @AYZ jasirhpthbg bo tma fithvhthas ifrrhaj but `y ofihkhthas cfgfnacagt2 f)

Zma cfgfnacagt bo HZ sarvhias tmft fra vhawaj fs "uthkhthas", suim fs prhgtars br gatwbre fiiass

`)

Fjvhia fgj nuhjfgia tb HZ bparfthbgs bg catmbjbkbny fgj tbbks obr cfgfnhgn HZ sarvhias

i)

Cfgfnacagt bo tma pmyshifk HZ agvhrbgcagt suim fs f jftf iagtra br ibcputar rbbc

j)

Zma prbiuracagt fgj cfhgtagfgia bo tbbks tmft fra usaj `y HZ bparfthbgs stfoo tb cfhgtfhg tma hgorfstruitura

^mhim prbiass wbukj fsshst whtm tma hjagthohifthbg fgj rasbkuthbg bo fgy hgihjagts fgj prb`kacs fssbihftaj whtm sarvhia br ibcpbgagt parobrcfgia2 f)

Ifpfihty cfgfnacagt

`)

Yuppkhar cfgfnacagt

i)

Zaimgbkbny cfgfnacagt

j)

Imfgna cfgfnacagt

^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn stftacagts f`but tma egbwg arrbr jftf`fsa (EAJ@) hs CBYZ ibrrait2 f)

Zma EAJ@ hs tma sfca jftf`fsa fs tma sarvhia egbwkajna cfgfnacagt systac (YECY)

`)

Zma EAJ@ smbukj à usaj jurhgn tma hgihjagt jhfngbshs pmfsa tb try tb spaaj up tma rasbkuthbg prbiass

i)

Ifra smbukj à tfeag tb fvbhj jupkhifthbg bo raibrjs hg tma EAJ@. Zmhs ifg à jbga `y nhvhgn fiiass tb fs cfgy taimghihfgs fs pbssh`ka tb irafta gaw raibrjs

j)

Fiiass tb tma EAJ@ smbukj à khchtaj tb tma sarvhia jase

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn stftacagts f`but eay parobrcfgia hgjhiftbrs (E\Hs) fgj catrhis fra IBPPAIZ2 6.

Yarvhia catrhis cafsura tma agj-tb-agj sarvhia

0.

Afim E\H smbukj rakfta tb f irhthifk suiiass ofitbr

9.

Catrhis ifg à usaj tb hjagthoy hcprbvacagt bppbrtughthas

:.

E\Hs ifg à `btm qufkhtfthva fgj qufgthtfthva

f)

6bgky

`)

0 fgj 9 bgky

i)

6, 0 fgj : bgky

j)

Fkk bo tma f`bva



8

6<

66

60

^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn cfhgtfhgs rakfthbgsmhps àtwaag fkk sarvhia ibcpbgagts2 f)

Zma ifpfihty pkfg

`)

Zma jaohghthva cajhf kh`rfry

i)

Zma ibgohnurfthbg cfgfnacagt systac

j)

F sarvhia kavak fnraacagt

Ymbukj f iustbcar's raquast obr f gaw sarvhia FK^FXY à oukohkkaj2 f)

Xas ’ ho tmay fra fg axtargfk iustbcar fs tmay fra pfyhgn obr tma sarvhia

`)

Gb ’ ho tm ay fra fg hgtargfk iustbcar fs tmay fra gbt fkwfys pfyhgn obr tma sarvhia

i)

Gb ’ ht hs tma raspbgsh`hkhty bo tma sarvhia prbvhjar tb ifrry but jua jhkhnagia àobra raquasts fra oukohkkaj

j)

Xas ’ tma sarvhia prbvhjar smbukj agsura tmft fkk raquasts obr gaw sarvhias fra oukohkkaj

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn stftacagts hs/fra IBPPAIZ2 6.

\rb`kac cfgfnacagt ifg suppbrt tma sarvhia jase `y prbvhjhgn egbwg arrbrs tb spaaj up hgihjagt rasbkuthbg

0.

\rb`kac cfgfnacagt hs tma bgky sburia bo hgobrcfthbg tb sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt f`but tma hcpfit bo imfgnas

f)

6bgky

`)

0bgky

i)

@btm bo tma f`bva

j)

Gahtmar bo tma f`bva

F ofhkura mfs biiurraj bg f systac fgj hs jataitaj `y f cbghtbrhgn tbbk. Zmhs systac suppbrts f khva HZ sarvhia. ^mag smbukj fg hgihjagt à rfhsaj2 f)

Bgky wmag usars gbthia tma ofhkura

`)

Fg hgihjagt smbukj gbt à rfhsaj ho tma taimghihfgs mfva saag tmhs àobra fgj mfva f wbrefrbugj

i)

Bgky ho tma ofhkura rasukts hg f sarvhia kavak àhgn `rafimaj

j)

Hccajhftaky, tb khcht br pravagt hcpfit bg usars

© F]AKBY Khchtaj 0<60 Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Paprbjuithbg bo tmhs cftarhfk raquhras tma parchsshbg bo F]AKBY Khchtaj. Zma swhrk kbnb℠ hs f trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK® hs f ranhstaraj trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK Obugjfthbg Axfchgfthbg Yfcpka@ v1.6. Zmhs jbiucagt cust gbt à raprbjuiaj whtmbut axprass parchsshbg orbc Zma Fiirajhtbr. \fna : bo 66 _arshbg 1.6 (Khva)


69

6:

61

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn ibukj à ibgshjaraj stfeambkjars hg f sarvhia cfgfnacagt prbdait2 6. Qsars 0. Iustbcars 9. Yuppkhars :. Ougithbgs f)

6 fgj 0 bgky

`)

9 fgj : bgky

i)

0 fgj : bgky

j)

Fkk bo tma f`bva

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn fithvhthas jbas sarvhia fssat fgj ibgohnurfthbg cfgfnacagt agsura fra parobrcaj2 6.

Ibgohnurfthbg htacs (IHs) fra hjagthohaj

0.

IHs fra `fsakhgaj

9.

Imfgnas tb IHs fra ibgtrbkkaj

f)

Fkk bo tma f`bva

`)

6 fgj 0 bgky

i)

6 fgj 9 bgky

j)

0 fgj 9 bgky

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn fspaits bo sarvhia jashng smbukj à ibgshjaraj wmag jashnghgn f sarvhia sbkuthbg2 6. Cafsuracagt catmbjs fgj catrhis 0. Cfgfnacagt hgobrcfthbg systacs fgj tbbks 9. :.

6?

Zaimgbkbny frimhtaituras Zma prbiassas raquhraj

f)

6 fgj 0 bgky

`)

0 fgj 9 bgky

i)

0, 9 fgj : bgky

j)

Fkk bo tma f`bva

^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn stftacagts hsIBPPAIZ obr FKK prbiassas2 f)

Zmay jaohga ougithbgs fs pfrt bo tmahr jashng

`)

Zmay jakhvar rasukts tb f iustbcar br stfeambkjar

i)

Zmay fra ifrrhaj but `y fg axtargfk sarvhia prbvhjar hg suppbrt bo f iustbcar

j)

Zmay fra ughts bo brnfghzfthbgs raspbgsh`ka obr spaihohi butibcas



6>

6=

68

0<

^mhim prbiass hs prhcfrhky raspbgsh`ka obr pfiefnhgn, ùhkjhgn, tasthgn fgj japkbyhgn sarvhias2 f)

Zrfgshthbg pkfgghgn fgj suppbrt

`)

Pakafsa fgj japkbycagt cfgfnacagt

i)

Yarvhia fssat fgj ibgohnurfthbg cfgfnacagt

j)


^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn hs tma @AYZ axfcpka bo f wbrefrbugj2 f)

F taimghihfg hgstfkks f sirhpt tb tacpbrfrhky jhvart prhgts tb fg fktargfthva prhgtar ugthk f parcfgagt ohx hs fppkhaj

`)

F taimghihfg trhas savarfk wfys tb sbkva fg hgihjagt. Bga bo tmac wbres, fktmbunm tmay jb gbt egbw wmhim bga

i)

Fotar rapbrthgn tma hgihjagt tb tma sarvhia jase, tma usar wbres bg fktargfthva tfses wmhka tma prb`kac hs hjagthohaj fgj rasbkvaj

j)

F javhia wbres hgtarchttagtky, fkkbwhgn tma usar tb ibgthgua wbrehgn ft janrfjaj kavaks bo parobrcfgia wmhka tma taimghihfg jhfngbsas tma hgihjagt

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn frafs ifg à makpaj `y taimgbkbny2 6.

Paquast cfgfnacagt

0.


9.

Jataithbg fgj cbghtbrhgn

:.

Jashng fgj cbjakkhgn

f)

6, 0 fgj 9 bgky

`)

6, 9 fgj : bgky

i)

0, 9 fgj : bgky

j)

Fkk bo tma f`bva

^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn hs tma IBPPAIZ khst bo stfnas hg tma Jachgn Iyika2 f)

\kfg, Cafsura, Cbghtbr, Papbrt

`)

\kfg, Imaie, Pa-Fit, Hcpkacagt

i)

\kfg, Jb, Fit, Fujht

j)

\kfg, Jb, Imaie, Fit

© F]AKBY Khchtaj 0<60 Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Paprbjuithbg bo tmhs cftarhfk raquhras tma parchsshbg bo F]AKBY Khchtaj. Zma swhrk kbnb℠ hs f trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK® hs f ranhstaraj trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK Obugjfthbg Axfchgfthbg Yfcpka@ v1.6. Zmhs jbiucagt cust gbt à raprbjuiaj whtmbut axprass parchsshbg orbc Zma Fiirajhtbr. \fna ? bo 66 _arshbg 1.6 (Khva)


06

00

09

^mhim twb prbiassas whkk à hgvbkvaj tma CBYZ hg ganbthfthgn fgj fnraahgn ibgtrfits obr tma prbvhshbg bo raibvary ifpf`hkhty tb suppbrt ibgthguhty pkfgs2 f)

Yarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt fgj ifpfihty cfgfnacagt

`)

Yuppkhar cfgfnacagt fgj sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt

i)

HZ sarvhia ibgthguhty cfgfnacagt fgj sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt

j)

HZ sarvhia ibgthguhty cfgfnacagt fgj suppkhar cfgfnacagt

^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn hs tma @AYZ jaohghthbg bofg hgihjagt cbjak2 f)

Zma tacpkfta tmft jaohgas tma hgihjagt kbnnhgn obrc usaj obr rapbrthgn hgihjagts

`)

F typa bo hgihjagt hgvbkvhgn f stfgjfrj (br cbjak) typa bo ibgohnurfthbg htac (IH)

i)

F sat bo pra-jaohgaj staps tb à obkkbwaj wmag jafkhgn whtm f egbwg typa bo hgihjagt

j)

Fg hgihjagt tmft hs afsy tb sbkva

^mft rbkas fra jaohgaj hg tma PFIH cbjak2 f)

0:

Paspbgsh`ka, Fiibugtf`ka, Ibgsuktaj, Hgobrcaj

`)

Paspbgsh`ka, Fimhavf`ka, Ibgsuktaj, Hgobrcaj

i)

Pafkhsthi, Fiibugtf`ka, Ibgsuktaj, Hgobrcaj

j)

Paspbgsh`ka, Fiibugtf`ka, Ibrraitaj, Hgobrcaj

^mhim stfna bo tma sarvhia khoaiyika jaihjas wmft sarvhias smbukj à booaraj fgj tb wmbc tmay whkk à booaraj2 f)

Ibgthgufk sarvhia hcprbvacagt

`)

Yarvhia bparfthbg

i)

Yarvhia jashng

j)

Yarvhia s trftany

© F]AKBY Khchtaj 0<60 Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Paprbjuithbg bo tmhs cftarhfk raquhras tma parchsshbg bo F]AKBY Khchtaj. Zma swhrk kbnb℠ hs f trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK® hs f ranhstaraj trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK Obugjfthbg Axfchgfthbg Yfcpka@ v1.6. Zmhs jbiucagt cust gbt à raprbjuiaj whtmbut axprass parchsshbg orbc Zma Fiirajhtbr. \fna > bo 66 _arshbg 1.6 (Khva)


01

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn jbas ibgthgufk sarvhia hcprbvacagt (IYH) prbvhja nuhjfgia bg2 6. Mbw tb hcprbva prbiass aoohihagiy fgj aooaithvagass 0. Mbw tb hcprbva sarvhias 9. Hcprbvacagt bo fkk stfnas bo tma sarvhia khoaiyika

0?

0>

0=

f)

6 fgj 0 bgky

`)

6 fgj 9 bgky

i)

0 fgj 9 bgky

j)

Fkk bo tma f`bva

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn hs f typa bo sarvhia kavak fnraacagt (YKF) jasirhàj hg tma HZHK sarvhia jashng pu`khifthbg2 f)

\rhbrhty-`fsaj YKF

`)

Zaimgbkbny-`fsaj YKF

i)

Kbifthbg-`fsaj YKF

j)

Iustbcar-`fsaj YKF

^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn hs tma @AYZ jaohghthbg bo fg avagt2 f)

Fg biiurragia wmara f parobrcfgia tmrasmbkj mfs àag axiaajaj fgj fg fnraaj sarvhia kavak mfs àag hcpfitaj

`)

F imfgna bo stfta tmft mfs shnghohifgia obr tma cfgfnacagt bo fg HZ sarvhia

i)

F egbwg systac jaoait tmft nagarftas cukthpka hgihjagt rapbrts

j)

F pkfggaj caathgn bo iustbcars fgj HZ stfoo tb fggbugia f gaw sa rvhia br hcprbvacagt prbnrfcca

^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn hs tma CBYZ fpprbprhfta stfeambkjar tb jaohga tma vfkua bo f sarvhia2 f)

Iustbcars

`)

HZ Yaghbr cfgfnacagt

i)

Ohgfgihfk cfgfnacagt obr HZ sarvhias

j)

Yuppkhars

© F]AKBY Khchtaj 0<60 Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Paprbjuithbg bo tmhs cftarhfk raquhras tma parchsshbg bo F]AKBY Khchtaj. Zma swhrk kbnb℠ hs f trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK® hs f ranhstaraj trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK Obugjfthbg Axfchgfthbg Yfcpka@ v1.6. Zmhs jbiucagt cust gbt à raprbjuiaj whtmbut axprass parchsshbg orbc Zma Fiirajhtbr. \fna = bo 66 _arshbg 1.6 (Khva)


08

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn smbukj à traftaj fs fg hgihjagt2 6. F usar hs ugf`ka tb fiiass f sarvhia jurhgn sarvhia mburs 0. Fg futmbrhzaj HZ stfoo cacàr hs ugf`ka tb fiiass f sarvhia jurhgn sarvhia mburs 9. F gatwbre ibcpbgagt ofhks ùt tma usar hs gbt fwfr a bo fgy jhsrupthbg tb sarvhia :.

9<

96

90

F usar ibgtfits tma sarvhia jase f`but tma skbw parobrcfgia bo fg fppkhifthbg

f)

Fkk bo tma f`bva

`)

6 fgj : bgky

i)

0 fgj 9 bgky

j)

Gbga bo tma f`bva

^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn stftacagts f`but f imfgna cbjak hs IBPPAIZ2 f)

F imfgna cbjak smbukj GBZ à usaj obr acarnagiy imfgnas

`)

F imfgna cbjak smbukj à ibgstruitaj wmag f shnghohifgt imfgna hs raquhraj

i)

F imfgna cbjak jaohgas tma staps tmft smbukj à tfeag tb mfgjka f pfrthiukfr typa bo imfgna

j)

Asifkfthbg prbiajuras fra butshja tma sibpa bo f imfgna cbjak

Zma IYH fpprbfim usas f gucàr bo taimghquas. ^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn taimghquas wbukj @AYZ makp f ùshgass ugjarstfgj "wmara fra wa gbw2"2 f)

Pavhawhgn irhthifk suiiass ofitbrs

`)

Qgjarstfgjhgn tma ùshgass vhshbg

i)

\arobrchgn f ` fsakhga fssasscagt

j)

Imaiehgn tma IYH ranhstar

^mhim sarvhia bparfthbg prbiassas fra chsshgn orbc tma obkkbwhgn khst2 6.

Hgihjagt cfgfnacagt

0. \rb`kac cfgfnacagt 9. Fiiass cfgfnacagt :. 2 1. 2 f)

Avagt cfgfnacagt fgj raquast oukohkcagt

`)

Avagt cfgfnacagt fgj sarvhia jase

i)

Ofihkhthas cfgfnacagt fgj avagt cfgfnacagt

j)

Imfgna cfgfnacagt fgj sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt

© F]AKBY Khchtaj 0<60 Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Paprbjuithbg bo tmhs cftarhfk raquhras tma parchsshbg bo F]A KBY Khchtaj. Zma swhrk kbnb℠ hs f trfja cfre bo F ]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK® hs f ranhstaraj trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK Obugjfthbg Axfchgfthbg Yfcpka@ v1.6. Zmhs jbiucagt cust gbt à raprbjuiaj whtmbut axprass parchsshbg orbc Zma Fiirajhtbr. \fna 8 bo 66 _arshbg 1.6 (Khva)


99

9:

91

9?

^mhim stfna bo tma sarvhia khoaiyika prbvhjas f orfcawbre obr avfkufthgn sarvhia ifpf`hkhthas fgj rhse prbohkas àobra gaw br imfgnaj sarvhias fra japkbyaj2 f)

Yarvhia strftany

`)

Ibgthgufk sarvhia hcprbvacagt

i)

Yarvhia trfgshthbg

j)

Yarvhia bparfthbg

^mhim bo tma obkkbwhgn fithvhthas smbukj f sarvhia bwgar ugjartfea2 6.

Paprasagthgn f spaihohi sarvhia firbss tma brnfghzfthbg

0. 9.

Qpjfthgn tma ibgohnurfthbg cfgfnacagt systac (ICY) fotar f imfgna Makphgn tb hjagthoy sarvhia hcprbvacagts

:.

Paprasagthgn f spaihohi sarvhia hg imfgna fjvhsbry `bfrj (IF@) caathgns

f)

0, 9 fgj : bgky

`)

Fkk bo tma f`bva

i)

6, 0 fgj 9 bgky

j)

6, 9 fgj : bgk y

^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn hs GBZ f purpbsa br b`daithva bo fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt2 f)

Zb cbghtbr fgj rapbrt bg tma fvfhkf`hkhty bo ibcpbgagts

`)

Zb agsura tmft sarvhia fvfhkf`hkhty cftimas tma fnraaj gaajs bo tma ùshgass

i)

Zb fssass tma hcpfit bo imfgnas bg tma fvfhkf`hkhty pkfg

j)

Zb agsura tmft ùshgass ibgthguhty pkfgs fra fkhngaj tb ùshgass b`daithvas

^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn hs f IBPPAIZ jasirhpthbg bo tma ‛obur \s– bo sarvhia jashng2 f)

F obur-stap prbiass obr tma jashng bo aooaithva sarvhia cfgfnacagt

`)

F jaohghthbg bo tma pabpka fgj prbjuits raquhraj obr suiiassouk jashng

i)

F sat bo quasthbgs tmft smbukj à fseaj wmag ravhawhgn jashng spaihohifthbgs

j)

Obur cfdbr frafs tmft gaaj tb à ibgshjaraj jurhgn sarvhia jashng

© F]AKBY Khchtaj 0<60 Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Paprbjuithbg bo tmhs cftarhfk raquhras tma parchsshbg bo F]AKBY Khchtaj. Zma swhrk kbnb℠ hs f trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK® hs f ranhstaraj trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK Obugjfthbg Axfchgfthbg Yfcpka@ v1.6. Zmhs jbiucagt cust gbt à raprbjuiaj whtmbut axprass parchsshbg orbc Zma Fiirajhtbr. \fna 6< bo 66 _arshbg 1.6 (Khva)


9>

9=

98

:<

^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn @AYZ jasirhàs f cfdbr prb`kac ravhaw2 f)

Ofihkhtftaj `y tma prb`kac cfgfnar, f cfdbr prb`kac ravhaw hs jashngaj tb fppbrthbg `kfca fotar f rasbkuthbg tb tma prb`kac mfs àag obugj

`)

F cfdbr prb`kac ravhaw hs rug fs pfrt bo tma imfgna fjvhsbry `bfrj (IF@) `y tma imfgna cfgfnar. Ht hs ibgjuitaj fotar tma raquast obr imfgna (POI) tb rasbkva tma prb`kac mfs àag fiiaptaj

i)

F cfdbr prb`kac ravhaw hs ofihkhtftaj `y tma sarvhia jase cfgfnar sb tmft kassbgs ifg à kafrgaj fotar f cfdbr prb`kac mfs àag rasbkvaj

j)

Ofihkhtftaj `y tma prb`kac cfgfnar, tma ravhaw hs ibgjuitaj sb tmft kassbgs ifg à kafrgaj orbc tma cfdbr prb`kac, fgj tb prbvhja trfhghgn fgj fwfragass obr suppbrt stfoo

^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn stftacagts f`but suppkhar cfgfnacagt hs HGIBPPAIZ2 f)

Yuppkhar cfgfnacagt ganbthftas bparfthbgfk kavak fnraacagts (BKFs)

`)

Yuppkhar cfgfnacagt agsuras tmft suppkhars caat ùshgass axpaitfthbgs

i)

Yuppkhar cfgfnacagt cfhgtfhgs hgobrcfthbg hg f suppkhar fgj ibgtrfitbr cfgfnacagt hgobrcfthbg systac

j)

Yuppkhar cfgfnacagt ganbthftas axtargfk fnraacagts tb suppbrt tma jakhvary bo sarvhias

^mhim bga bo tma obkkbwhgn hs f prhcfry purpbsa bo ùshgass rakfthbgsmhp cfgfnacagt2 f)

Ifrryhgn but bparfthbgfk fithvhthas tb suppbrt sarvhias

`)

Agsurhgn fkk tfrnats whtmhg sarvhia kavak fnraacagts fra cat

i)

Cfxhchzhgn ibgtrfit vfkua fgj bparfthbgfk aoohihagiy bo tma sarvhias tmft fra jakhvaraj

j)

Qgjarstfgjhgn tma iustbcar‘s gaajs fgj agsurhgn tmay fra cat

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Pfthbgfka F imfgna raquast hs f obrcfk ibccughifthbg saaehgn fg fktarfthbg tb bga br cbra ibgohnurfthbg htacs (IHs). Yarvhias, YKFs fgj ibcputars fra axfcpkas bo IHs. F ùshgass strftany hs gbt gbrcfkky f IH fgj wbukj à but bo sibpa obr imfgna cfgfnacagt. Afim bo tmasa fra f purpbsa bo sarvhia bparfthbg axiapt obr bpthbg F, ugjartfehgn tasthgn tb agsura sarvhias fra jashngaj tb caat ùshgass gaajs. Bpthbg F hs pfrt bo sarvhia trfgshthbg. HZ bparfthbgs ibgtrbk bvarsaas tma axaiuthbg fgj cbghtbrhgn bo tma bparfthbgfk fithvhthas fgj avagts hg tma HZ hgorfstruitura. \frt bo YFIC‘s purpbsa hs tb cfhgtfhg fiiurfta hgobrcfthbg f`but fssats, hgikujhgn tma rakfthbgsmhp àtwaag fssats. PFIH hs f raspbgsh`hkhty cbjak usaj `y HZHK tb makp jaohga rbkas fgj raspbgsh`hkhthas. F hs tma BKF, @ hs tma jaohghthbg bo fg YKF, I jbasg‘t ibrraspbgj tb fg HZHK jaohghthbg, J hgvbkvas f tmhrj pfrty fgj hs f ibgtrfit. F hs f suppbrthgn akacagt bo fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt, gbt f cfhg purpbsa. @ rakftas tb sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt. Fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt jbas gbt booar nufrfgtaas fs hjagthohaj hg I. J hs tma cfhg purpbsa bo fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt4 - ‛tb agsura tmft tma kavak bo fvfhkf`hkhty jakhvaraj hg fkk HZ sarvhias caats tma fnraaj fvfhkf`hkhty gaajs… bo tma ùshgass.– Fkk tmraa fra hg sibpa obr sarvhia trfgshthbg fs fkk tmraa hgvbkva cfdbr imfgna. Yarvhia bpthchzfthbg hs tma ibrrait fgswar F4 f ICY ifg ibgtfhg ibrpbrfta jftf f`but usars / iustbcars suim fs kbifthbg br japfrtcagt. @ fgj I4 tmara cfy à cbra tmfg bga ICJ@ ùt tmay whkk à pfrt bo f shgnka ICY. J hs ibrrait fs f ICY sthkk makps tb ibgtrbk fgj rapbrt bg tma hgorfstruitura wmag HZ sarvhias fra butsburiaj. @bbe fgswar...ùshgass, sarvhia fgj ibcpbgagt ifpfihty cfgfnacagt fra tma tmraaibphas su`-prbiassas Zma JCK ibgtfhgs cfstar bo fkk ibgtrbkkaj sbotwfra hg fg brnfghzfthbg … ‛fkbgn whtm khiagia jbiucagts br hgobrcfthbg–. Zma imfgna simajuka wbukj gbt à hgikujaj. Yarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt mfs raspbgsh`hkhty obr ganbthfthgn fgj fnraahgn BKFs. @bbe fgswar. F prbiass bwgar smbukj agsura prbiass jbiucagtfthbg hs iurragt fgj fvfhkf`ka. Zma twb ibrrait fgswars (6 fgj 0) fra hgikujaj hg rakafsa fgj japkbycagt b`daithvas. Bpthbg 9 hs fjjrassaj `y imfgna cfgfnacagt. Cafsurf`hkhty, jakhvary bo spaihohi rasukts, fgj jakhvary bo rasukts tb f iustbcar br stfeambkjar fra fkk imfrfitarhsthis bo f prbiass. Bpthbg : hs hgibrrait, HZHK hs gbt f stfgjfrj4 HYB/HAI 0<<<< wbukj à fg axfcpka bo f stfgjfrj. HZHK hs vagjbr-gautrfk, gbgprasirhpthva, fgj prbvhjas f àst prfithia orfcawbre. Hg cbst ifsas tma pbkhihas smbukj à whjaky fvfhkf`ka tb fkk iustbcars fgj usars fgj raoaragiaj hg YKFs, BKFs fgj QIs. Fkk bo tma akacagts hjagthohaj fra hgikujaj hg tma sarvhia jashng pfiefna pfssaj tb sarvhia trfgshthbg. 6 wbukj à usaj tb suppbrt f JCK. 0 makps imfgna cfgfnacagt. 9 hs f rakafsa fgj japkbycagt tbbk. : ifg makp whtm tasthgn fgj vfkhjfthbg. Zmay fkk suppbrt sarvhia trfgshthbg.

© F]AKBY Khchtaj 0<60 Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Paprbjuithbg bo tmhs cftarhfk raquhras tma parchsshbg bo F]AKBY Khchtaj. Zma swhrk kbnb℠ hs f trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK® hs f ranhstaraj trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK Obugjfthbg Axfchgfthbg YfcpkaF FGYÂPYfgjPFZHBGFKAY v1.6. Zmhs jbiucagt cust gbt à raprbjuiaj whtmbut axprass parchsshbg orbc Zma Fiirajhtbr. \fna 0 bo : _arshbg 1.6 (Khva) Bwgar ’ Zma Boohihfk HZHK Fiirajhtbr

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Paquast oukohkcagt hs tma prbiass raspbgsh`ka obr jafkhgn whtm sarvhia raquasts orbc tma usars. ”Fkk raquasts‘ (@) hs tbb whjaf sibpa obr tma prbiass. Imfgna cfgfnacagt kbbes fotarimfgna raquasts (I). Yarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt hs raspbgsh`ka obr J. J hs hgibrrait5 iustbcar praoaragias jrhva vfkua pariapthbg. I hs hgibrrait5 jakhvarhgn bg iustbcar butibcashs vhtfk. @ hs hgibrrait5 tma vfkua bo f sarvhia ifg à ohgfgihfk ùt btmar ofitbrs fra fksb rakavfgt. F hs ibrrait5 iustbcar pariapthbg hs f vhtfk akacagt hg jaohghgn mbw cuim f iustbcar vfkuas f sarvhia. J hs tma ibrrait raspbgsa. @btm hgtargfk fgj axtargfk iustbcars smbukj à prbvhjaj whtm tma fnraaj kavak bo sarvhia, fgj whtm tma sfca kavak bo iustbcar sarvhia. F sarvhia hs f cafgs bo jakhvarhgn vfkua tb iustbcars. HZ gaajs ifpf`hkhthas tb jakhvar sarvhias. Ibst fgj rhse fra wmft HZ makps tb cfgfna. I hs ibrrait4 cbghtbrhgn tma YKFs fgj parobrcfgia fnfhgst tmac hs f vhtfk pfrt bo tma sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt prbiass. F - jashnghgn tma ICY hs f sarvhia fssat fgj ibgohnurfthbg cfgfnacagt fithvhty. @ ’ taimgbkbny catrhis fra kheaky tb à iraftaj whtmhg ifpfihty cfgfnacagt br btmar jashng prbiassas. J ’ trfhghgn tma sarvhia jase hs f sarvhia jase rbka. F - tma f`hkhty tb jatait avagts, cfea sagsa bo tmac fgj jatarchga tma fpprbprhfta ibgtrbk fithbghs prbvhjaj `y avagt cfgfnacagt. @ hgikujas sbca hgihjagt cfgfnacagt raspbgsh`hkhthas. I hs f taimghifk cfgfnacagt tfse. J hs kheaky tb à smfraj àtwaag fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt fgj sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt. Zma sarvhia iftfkbnua smbukj ibgtfhg jatfhks bo fkk bparfthbgfk sarvhias. F hs pfrt bo tma jaohghthbg bo uthkhty. @ hs ugrafkhsthi. I ibukj à oafsh`ka fs f wfrrfgty stftacagt orbc fgbtmar hgjustry ùt hs gbt tma jaohghthbg bo wfrrfgty fs usaj `yHZHK. J hs f nbbj succfry bo wfrrfgty fs jaohgaj `y HZHK. Zma hcprbvacagt fpprbfim ànhgs whtm ac`rfihgn tma vhshbg `y ugjarstfgjhgn tma mhnm-kavak ùshgass b`daithvas. Hgihjagt cbjaks fra jashngaj tb prbvhja rausf`ka staps tmft ifg à usaj tb rastbra sarvhia fotar egbwg hgihjagt typas. Zma ibrrait brjar hs nhvag hg tma jhfnrfc hg tma hgihjagt cfgfnacagt prbiass, fgj hg tma su`saithbgs bo :.0.1. Cafsuracagts fgj catrhis smbukj à hgikujaj hg tma jashng obr f gaw br imfgnaj sarvhia. HZ sarvhia ibgthguhty cfgfnacagt ifrrhas but rhse fssasscagt fs pfrt bo jaohghgn tma raquhracagtsfgj strftany. Hgobrcfthbg saiurhty fksb gaajs tb fgfkysa saiurhty rhses àobra tfehgn fithbg tb chthnfta tmac. Yarvhia iftfkbnua cfgfnacagt jbasgbt ifrry but tmasa fssasscagts. \arsbggak catrhis fra gbt bga bo tma tmraa typas bo catrhis jasirhàj hg IYH F hs tma wrbgn wfy rbugj. I hs hgibrrait fs tma YECY ibgtfhgs cbra hgobrcfthbg tmfg tma ICY. J hs hgibrrait fs tma ICY hs pfrt bo tma YECY. Zma acarnagiy imfgna fjvhsbry `bfrj (AIF@) prbvhjas fsshstfgia hg tma futmbrhzfthbg bo acarnagiy imfgnas.

© F]AKBY Khchtaj 0<60 Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Paprbjuithbg bo tmhs cftarhfk raquhras tma parchsshbg bo F]AKBY Khchtaj. Zma swhrk kbnb℠ hs f trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK® hs f ranhstaraj trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK Obugjfthbg Axfchgfthbg YfcpkaF FGYÂPYfgjPFZHBGFKAY v1.6. Zmhs jbiucagt cust gbt à raprbjuiaj whtmbut axprass parchsshbg orbc Zma Fiirajhtbr. \fna 9 bo : _arshbg 1.6 (Khva) Bwgar ’ Zma Boohihfk HZHK Fiirajhtbr

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© F]AKBY Khchtaj 0<60 Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Paprbjuithbg bo tmhs cftarhfk raquhras tma parchsshbg bo F]AKBY Khchtaj. Zma swhrk kbnb℠ hs f trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK® hs f ranhstaraj trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK Obugjfthbg Axfchgfthbg YfcpkaF FGYÂPYfgjPFZHBGFKAY v1.6. Zmhs jbiucagt cust gbt à raprbjuiaj whtmbut axprass parchsshbg orbc Zma Fiirajhtbr. \fna : bo : _arshbg 1.6 (Khva) Bwgar ’ Zma Boohihfk HZHK Fiirajhtbr

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Pfthbgfka ‛Paprasagtfthvas bo fkk bo tma btmar prbiassas gaaj tb à ibgsuktaj obr tmahr bphghbg bg wmft tfrnats ifg à rafkhsthifkky fimhavaj.– Ytfgjfrj imfgnas wbukj gbt gbrcfkky gaaj tb à hcpkacagtaj fs sbbg fs wfs pbssh`ka, wmarafs acarnagiy imfgnas wbukj. Zma sarvhia jase hs f ougithbg fgj gbt f prbiass. Ougithbgs fra gbt jasirhàj fs àhgn cbra ibstky tmfg prbiassas fgj tmhs wbukj japagj bg tma ougithbg br prbiass àhgn ibgshjaraj. ‛Ofihkhthas cfgfnacagt raoars tb tma cfgfnacagt bo tma pmyshifk HZ agvhrbgcagt, typhifkky f jftf iagtra br ibcputar rbbcs–. \arobrcfgia hssuas fra whtmhg tma sibpa bo ifpfihty cfgfnacagt. F ’ Zma EAJ@ hs pfrt bo tma YECY, GBZ tma sfca tmhgn. @ hs ibrrait. I ’ Jupkhifthbg smbukj à fvbhjaj ùt `y PAYZPHIZHGN fiiass. J ’ Xas, tma sarvhia jase smbukj usa ht ùt tmay fra GBZ tma bgky bgas. Afim stftacagt hs f succfry bo tma `bbe ibgtagt. Zma ibgohnurfthbg cfgfnacagt systac (ICY) hs raspbgsh`ka vhf hts vfrhbus jftf sburias (ICJ@s, ati) obr cfhgtfhghgn tmasa rakfthbgsmhps. Zma sarvhia prbvhjar smbukj agsura jua jhkhnagia hs ifrrhaj but fnfhgst tma iustbcar's raquhracagts, hrraspaithva bo wmatmar tmay fra hgtargfk br axtargfk iustbcars. \rb`kac cfgfnacagt hs tma sburia bo egbwg arrbrs ùt imfgna fgj sarvhia fssat fgj ibgohnurfthbg cfgfnacagt fra kheaky tb à btmar sburias bo hgobrcfthbg f`but tma hcpfit bo imfgnas. F ’ Zmara jb gbt gaaj tb à jhsiargf`ka hcpfits tb tma usar obr fg hgihjagt tb à rfhsaj. @ ’ Avag ho f wbrefrbugj hs fvfhkf`ka ht gaajs tb à raibrjaj tb cafsura fgy bg-nbhgn hcpfit bo tma hgihjagt. I Fkk hgihjagts cust à raibrjaj. J ’ Ibrrait, hg brjar tb pravagt kbss bo sarvhia br tb rastbra sarvhia fs sbbg fs pbssh`ka. J hs tma ibrrait raspbgsa. Ytfeambkjars ifg à `btm hgtargfk fgj axtargfk agththas. Fg axfcpka bo f ougithbg fs f stfeambkjar ibukj à tma sarvhia jase, taimghifk cfgfnacagt br fppkhifthbg cfgfnacagt ougithbgs. Fkk fithvhthas fra pfrt bo tma sibpa bo sarvhia fssat fgj ibgohnurfthbg cfgfnacagt. Fkk bo tmasa htacs fra fspaits bo sarvhia jashng. F ’ \rbiass jashng wbukj hgvbkva fkkbifthbg bo fithvhthas tb ougithbgs ùt gbt tmahr jaohghthbg. @ ’ Ibrrait ’ prbiassas jakhvar rasukts br tmay wbukj gbt à wbrtmwmhka. I ’ Gbt FKK prbiassas fra ifrrhaj but `y axtargfk prbvhjars. J ’ Hs f jasirhpthbg bo f ougithbg. Fkk fra fithvhthas parobrcaj `y rakafsa fgj japkbycagt cfgfnacagt. F hs f nbbj axfcpka bo f wbrefrbugj wmhim hs gbt f parcfgagt sbkuthbg ùt wmhim bvaribcas tma brhnhgfk hgihjagt. @ hs f ”kuiey‘ hgihjagt rasbkuthbg fgj ugkheaky tb à rapaftf`ka. I jbas gbt fkkbw tma usar tb ibgthgua whtm tmahr brhnhgfk tfse. J hs fg hgihjagt ugjar hgvasthnfthbg. Fkk obur frafs ifg à fsshstaj `y taimgbkbny. Zma obur eay stfnas bo tma iyika fra \kfg, Jb, Imaie fgj Fit. HZYI prbvhjas tma su`dait cfttar axparthsa fgj suppkhar cfgfnacagt prbvhjas tma ibgtrfit ganbthfthbg fgj sakaithbg prbiass. YKC fksb mfs f rbka hg ugjarphgghgn ibgtrfits ùt hs gbt fs shnghohifgt hg tmhs raspait fs tma btmar twb prbiassas.

© F]AKBY Khchtaj 0<60 Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Paprbjuithbg bo tmhs cftarhfk raquhras tma parchsshbg bo F]AKBY Khchtaj. Zma swhrk kbnb℠ hs f trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK® hs f ranhstaraj trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK Obugjfthbg Axfchgfthbg Yfcpka@ FGYÂPYfgjPFZHBGFKAY v1.6. Bwgar ’ Zma Boohihfk HZHK Fiirajhtbr Zmhs jbiucagt cust gbt à raprbjuiaj whtmbut axprass parchsshbg orbc Zma Fiirajhtbr. \fna 0 bo 9

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Pfthbgfka

I cftimas tma jasirhpthbg bo fg hgihjagt cbjak. Pbkas fra Paspbgsh`ka, Fiibugtf`ka, Ibgsuktaj, Hgobrcaj. Jaihjhgn wmft sarvhias smbukj à booaraj fgj tb wmbc hs fg hgtanrfk pfrt bo sarvhia strftany. 6. IYH kbbes obr wfys tb hcprbva prbiass aooaithvagass fgj aoohihagiy, fs wakk fs ibst aooaithvagass. 0. IYH hjagthohas fgj hcpkacagts hcprbvacagts tb HZ sarvhias 9. IYH hcprbvacagt fithvhthas suppbrt afim khoaiyika stfna4 sarvhia strftany, sarvhia jashng, sarvhia trfgshthbg, sarvhia bparfthbg, fgj IYH htsako. \rhbrhty-`fsaj, taimgbkbny-`fsaj fgj kbifthbg-`fsaj YKFs fra gbt jhsiussaj hg sarvhia jashng. F fgj I cfy ifusa fg avagt tb à nagarftaj. J hs f caathgn. @ ikbsaky cftimas tma jaohghthbg bo fg avagt hg sarvhia bparfthbg. _fkua hs vhawaj fs tma kavak tb wmhim tma sarvhia caats iustbcar's axpaitfthbgs fgj tmaraobra tmay cfea tma ukthcfta jaihshbg bg wmatmar tma sarvhia whkk jrhva vfkua. Fg hgihjagt hs ‛fg ugpkfggaj hgtarrupthbg tb fg HZ sarvhia br rajuithbg hg tma qufkhty bo fg HZ sarvhia… br f ofhkura bo f IH tmft mfs gbt yat hcpfitaj fg HZ sarvhia…–. Zma hgf`hkhty tb fiiass fg HZ sarvhia fs fnraaj hs fg ugpkfggaj hgtarrupthbg orbc tma usar‘s parspaithva. F ’ F imfgna cbjak ifg à usaj obr acarnagiy imfgnas. @ ’ Imfgna cbjaks wbukj gbt rbuthgaky à iraftaj wmag shnghohifgt imfgnas fra cfja. I hs ibrrait. J ’ Asifkfthbg prbiajuras ifg à hgikujaj hg f imfgna cbjak. Qgjarstfgjhgn "wmara fra wa gbw" raquhras f ùshgass tb irafta f `fsakhga. Fkk bo tma sarvhia bparfthbg prbiassas fra ibvaraj `y tma sykkfùs. Zma ibrrait fgswar hs F, @ hs f prbiass fgj f ougithbg, I hs f ougithbg fgj f prbiass, J fra prbiassas hg sarvhia trfgshthbg fgj sarvhia jashng. Yarvhia trfgshthbg hs raspbgsh`ka obr tmhs fs pfrt bo tma japkbycagt bo gaw sarvhias. 6, 9 fgj : fra fkk raspbgsh`hkhthas bo tma sarvhia bwgar rbka. Bpthbg 0 hs tma raspbgsh`hkhty bo tma ibgohnurfthbg kh`rfrhfg/fjchghstrftbr. J hs tma raspbgsh`hkhty bo HZ sarvhia ibgthguhty cfgfnacagt. 6 ’ Zma ‛obur \s– fra gbt f prbiass. 0 ’ Mfs sbca carht ùt bgky fjjrassas twb bo tma obur frafs. 9 ’ Zma obur \s fra gbt f imaiekhst br sat bo quasthbgs. J hs tma `bbe fgswar. F hs tma rhnmt rbka ùt ht hs gbt f`but fppbrthbghgn `kfca. @ hs hgibrrait. I hs pkfush`ka ùt hs ofihkhtftaj `y tma wrbgn rbka. Fkk fra b`daithvas bo tma suppkhar cfgfnacagt prbiass, axiapt F wmhim hs ugjartfeag `y sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt. ‛Zb hjagthoy iustbcar gaajs fgj agsura tmft tma sarvhia prbvhjar hs f`ka tb caat tmasa gaajs...– J hs tma ibrrait fgswar. I hs tma purpbsa bo sarvhia iftfkbnua cfgfnacagt. @ hs fg b`daithva bo sarvhia kavak cfgfnacagt. F hs fg b`daithva bo fvfhkf`hkhty cfgfnacagt.

© F]AKBY Khchtaj 0<60 Fkk rhnmts rasarvaj. Paprbjuithbg bo tmhs cftarhfk raquhras tma parchsshbg bo F]AKBY Khchtaj. Zma swhrk kbnb℠ hs f trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK® hs f ranhstaraj trfja cfre bo F]AKBY Khchtaj HZHK Obugjfthbg Axfchgfthbg Yfcpka@ FGYÂPYfgjPFZHBGFKAY v1.6. Zmhs jbiucagt cust gbt à raprbjuiaj whtmbut axprass parchsshbg orbc Zma Fiirajhtbr. \fna 9 bo 9 _arshbg 1.6 (Khva) Bwgar ’ Zma Boohihfk HZHK Fiirajhtbr

@QHKJHGN @AZZAP OQZQPAY

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ITIL 2011 Foundation Handbook

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