FINAL DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/FDIS 18436-2
ISO/TC 108/SC 108/SC 5 Secretariat: ANSI Voting begins on: 2003-06-05 Voting terminates on: 2003-08-05
Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Requirements for training and certification of personnel — Part 2: Vibration condition monitoring and diagnostics Surveillance et diagnostic d'état des machines — Exigences relatives à la formation et à la certification du personnel — Partie 2: Surveillance des vibrations et diagnostic d'état des machines
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number ISO/FDIS 18436-2:2003(E)
© ISO 2003
ISO/FDIS 18436-2:2003(E) 18436-2:2003(E)
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ISO/FDIS 18436-2:2003(E)
Contents
Page
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ iv Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ v 1
Scope...................................................................................................................................................... 1
2
Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 1
3
Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................... 2
4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5
Classification of personnel for vibration condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines................................................................................................................................................ 2 General ................................................................................................................................................... 2 Category I............................................................................................................................................... 3 Category II.............................................................................................................................................. 3 Category III............................................................................................................................................. 3 Category IV ............................................................................................................................................ 4
5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4
Eligibility for examination .................................................................................................................... 5 General ................................................................................................................................................... 5 Education ............................................................................................................................................... 5 Training .................................................................................................................................................. 5 Experience ............................................................................................................................................. 6
6 6.1 6.2
Qualification examinations .................................................................................................................. 6 Examination content ............................................................................................................................. 6 Re-examination ..................................................................................................................................... 6
Annex A (normative) Training course requirements for personnel involved in vibration condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines ........................................................................................... 7 Annex B (normative) Applicable International Standards............................................................................ 13 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 15
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ISO/FDIS 18436-2:2003(E)
Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document m ay be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 18436-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration and shock , Subcommittee SC 5, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines. ISO 18436 consists of the following parts, under the general title Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Requirements for training and certification of personnel :
Part 1: Requirements for certifying bodies and the certification process
Part 2: Vibration condition monitoring and diagnostics
The following parts are under preparation:
Part 3: Requirements for training bodies
Part 4: Lubrication management and analysis
Part 5: Thermography
Part 6: Diagnostics and prognostics
Part 7: Condition monitoring specialists
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Introduction Vibration analysis using measurements to monitor condition and diagnose faults in machinery has become a key activity in predictive maintenance programmes for most industries. Other non-intrusive technologies including infrared thermography, acoustic emission, lubricant analysis and motor current analysis, are used as complementary condition analysis tools. Those in the manufacturing industry who have diligently and consistently applied these techniques have experienced a return on investment far exceeding their expectations. However, the effectiveness of these programmes depends on the capabilities of individuals who perform the measurements and analyse the data. This part of ISO 18436 defines the requirements against which personnel in the non-intrusive machine condition monitoring and diagnostics technologies associated with vibration analysis are to be certified and the methods of testing such personnel. Conformity assessment for certification in vibration analysis will be performed by a body accredited to the requirements of ISO 18436-3.
© ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/FDIS 18436-2:2003(E)
Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Requirements for training and certification of personnel — Part 2: Vibration condition monitoring and diagnostics
1
Scope
This part of ISO 18436 specifies the general requir ements for vibration analysis personnel who perform machinery condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines. Certification to this standard will provide recognition of the qualifications and competence of individuals to perform machinery vibration measurements and analysis using portable and permanently installed sensors and equipment. This part of ISO 18436 covers a four-category certification programme that is based on the technical areas discussed herein.
2
Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1925, Mechanical vibration — Balancing — Vocabulary ISO 1940 (all parts), Mechanical vibration — Balance quality requirements of rigid rotors ISO 2017, Vibration and shock — Isolators — Procedure for specifying characteristics ISO 2041, Vibration and shock — Vocabulary ISO 2954, Vibration of rotating and reciprocating machinery — Requirements for instruments for measuring vibration severity ISO 5348, Mechanical vibration and shock — Mechanical mounting of accelerometers ISO 7919 (all parts), Mechanical vibration of non-reciprocating machines — Measurements on rotating shafts and evaluation criteria ISO 8528-9, Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternating current generating sets — Part 9: Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibrations ISO 8569, Mechanical vibration and shock — Measurement and evaluation of shock and vibration effects on sensitive equipment in buildings ISO 10816 (all parts), Mechanical vibration — Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on nonrotating parts ISO 11342:1998, Mechanical vibration — Methods and criteria for the mechanical balancing of flexible rotors
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ISO/FDIS 18436-2:2003(E)
ISO 13372, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Vocabulary ISO 13373-1, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Vibration condition monitoring — Part 1: General procedures ISO 13379, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — General guidelines on data interpretation and diagnostics techniques ISO 14694, Industrial fans — Specifications for balance quality and vibration levels ISO 14695, Industrial fans — Method of measurement of fan vibration ISO 17359, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — General guidelines ISO 18436-1, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Requirements for training and certification of personnel — Part 1: Requirements for certifying bodies and the certification process
3
Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2041, ISO 13372, ISO 18436-1 and the following apply. 3.1 analysis process of using signal processing techniques and machine knowledge to evaluate machine faults and condition 3.2 route organized series of machine measurement locations listed by machine train, measure or plant geography 3.3 trainee person who is training to become qualified for certification 3.4 vibration diagnostics interpretation of vibration data to determine machine faults 3.5 vibration monitoring process of measurement, trending, and interpretation of vibration data
4 Classification of personnel for vibration condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines 4.1
General
Individuals recognized or certified in accordance with this part of ISO 18436 shall be classified in one of several categories depending upon their qualifications. They shall have demonstrated competence in the concepts of machinery vibration condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines for their classification category as indicated in Annex A and in accordance with the standards listed in Annex B.
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ISO/FDIS 18436-2:2003(E)
4.2
Category I
Individuals meeting the requirements for Category I are recognized as being qualified to perform a range of simple single-channel machinery vibration condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines activities in accordance with ISO 17359 and ISO 13373-1. They shall not be responsible, for example, for the choice of sensor or for any analysis to be conducted, nor for the assessment of test results, except for identifying alert conditions against a pre-established alert setting or settings. They shall be qualified a)
to operate portable instrumentation on pre-assigned or pre-programmed routes,
b)
to acquire readings from permanently installed instrumentation,
c)
to input results into a database and download routes from a computer,
d)
to conduct testing under steady-state operating conditions following predefined procedures,
e)
to be able to recognize that no signal is present, and
f)
to be able to compare overall or single value vibration measurements against pre-established alert settings.
4.3
Category II
Individuals certified to Category II are qualified personnel who are certified to perform industrial machinery vibration measurements and basic vibration analysis using single-channel measurements, with or without phase trigger signals, according to established and recognized procedures. Personnel certified to Category II require all the knowledge and skills expected of Category I, and shall also be qualified a)
to select the appropriate machinery vibration measurement technique,
b)
to set up instruments for basic resolution of amplitude, frequency and time,
c)
to perform basic vibration analysis of machinery and components, such as shafts, bearings, gears, fans, pumps and motors, using spectrum analysis,
d)
to maintain a database of results and trends,
e)
to perform basic (single-channel) impact tests to determine natural frequencies,
f)
to classify, interpret and evaluate the test results (including acceptance tests) in accordance with applicable specifications and standards,
g)
to recommend minor corrective actions,
h)
to understand basic single-plane field balancing concepts, and
i)
to be aware of some of the causes and effects of bad measurement data.
4.4
Category III
Individuals certified to Category III are qualified to perform and/or direct and/or establish programmes for vibration condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines in accordance with ISO 17359 and ISO 13373-1. Personnel classified to Category III require all the knowledge and skills expected of personnel classified to Category I and Category II, and shall also be qualified a)
to select the appropriate machinery vibration analysis technique,
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ISO/FDIS 18436-2:2003(E)
b)
to specify the appropriate vibration instrumentation hardware and software for both portable and permanently installed systems,
c)
to measure and perform diagnosis of single-channel frequency spectra, as well as time domain plots such as waveforms and orbits, under both steady-state and unsteady operating conditions, with or without a phase trigger,
d)
to establish vibration monitoring programmes, including periodic/continuous monitoring, frequency of testing, route plans,
e)
to establish programmes for the specification of vibration levels and acceptance criteria for new machinery,
f)
to measure and analyse basic operating deflection shapes,
g)
to understand and be able to direct the use of alternative condition monitoring technologies (such as acoustic emission, thermography, motor current and oil analysis),
h)
to recommend field corrective actions, such as balancing, alignment and replacement of machine parts,
i)
to be able to use acceleration enveloping (demodulation),
j)
to perform basic single-plane field balancing,
k)
to report to management regarding programme objectives, budgets, cost justification and personnel development,
l)
to prepare reports for appropriate personnel on machine condition, recommend corrective action and report on the effectiveness of repairs, and
determination
of
machines
for
m) to provide instructions and technical direction to vibration trainees.
4.5
Category IV
Individuals certified to Category IV are qualified to perform and/or direct vibration condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines in accordance with ISO 17359 and ISO 13373-1 and all types of machinery vibration measurements and analysis. Personnel certified to Category IV require all the knowledge and skills expected of personnel certified to Category I, Category II and Category III, and shall also be qualified a)
to apply vibration theory and techniques, including measurement and interpretation of multi-channel spectral results such as frequency response functions, phase and coherence,
b)
to understand and perform signal analysis, including understanding of frequency and time domain processing, including orbits and their limitations,
c)
to determine the natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping of systems, components and assemblies,
d)
to determine the operating deflection shapes of machines and connected structures and recommend means for correction,
e)
to use generally recognized advanced techniques for vibration analysis, parameter identification and fault diagnosis,
f)
to apply the basic principles of rotor-bearing dynamics to vibration diagnosis,
g)
to conduct basic two-plane field balancing,
h)
to recommend advanced two-plane influence coefficient or static/couple balancing,
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i)
to recommend corrective actions and/or design modifications, including component change or repair, isolation, damping, change of stiffness and change of mass,
j)
to provide technical guidance to vibration trainees,
k)
to interpret and evaluate published ISO codes of practice, International Standards and specifications,
l)
to recognize vibration caused by gas pulsation in machines such as reciprocating machines and screw compressors, and to measure the necessary parameters and recommend means for correction, and
m) to recommend corrective actions for resilient mounting and other holding-down and foundation problems.
5
Eligibility for examination
5.1
General
Candidates shall have a combination of education, training and experience to ensure that they understand the principles and procedures applicable to machinery vibration measurement and analysis. Candidates shall affirm adherence to the code of ethics contained in ISO 18436-1.
5.2
Education
Candidates seeking certification do not need to provide evidence of formal education to establish eligibility. However, it is recommended that candidates for Category I and II have at least a secondary school graduation diploma or its equivalent. Category III and IV candidates shall be able to manipulate simple algebraic equations, use a basic scientific calculator (including trigonometric and logarithmic functions), and be familiar with the operation of personal computers. Successful completion of two or more years of mechanical technology or mechanical engineering at an accredited college, university or technical school is highly recommended for candidates seeking certification to Category III and IV.
5.3
Training
5.3.1
Basic training
To be eligible to apply for certification based on this part of ISO 18436, the candidates shall provide evidence of successful completion of training approved by the certification body, which will be based on the requirements of Annex A. The minimum duration of recommended training is shown in Table 1. Approved training should be in the form of lectures, demonstrations and practical exercises. Sources of technical information are listed in the Bibliography. It is recommended that the training include examinations to ensure that the subject matter has been understood. It is recommended that to receive credit for the successful completion of a course, the candidates should satisfy the certification body a)
that they have successfully completed the training,
b)
that the time devoted to each topic was as specified in Annex A and was consistent with the category of certification being sought, or show a log of self-study time and topics consistent with the effort required in Table 1 and Annex A, and
c)
that they have completed a training course examination provided by a trainer approved by the certification body.
5.3.2
Additional training on machine knowledge
In addition to the training hours shown in Table 1 and detailed in Annex A, it is recommended that candidates attend machinery and component training of at least half the time shown in Table 1.
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Table 1 — Recommended minimum duration of cumulative training (hours)
5.4
Category I
Category II
Category III
Category IV
32
70
110
174
Experience
To be eligible to apply for certification based on this part of ISO 18436, the candidate shall provide evidence of experience in the field of machinery condition monitoring and diagnostics. The minimum recommended experience requirements are shown in Table 2. Designation of a person as Category I is not a prerequisite for certification as Category II. However, certification of a person as Category III and Category IV requires previous certification at the lower category. At each higher classification category, the breadth and depth of experience is expected to be greater than at the previous lower category. Table 2 — Recommended minimum duration of cumulative experience (months) Category I
Category II
Category III
Category IV
6
18
36
60
NOTE The months shown represent cumulative totals of months of experience for each classification. Work experience in months is based on a nominal 40 h week (175 h per month).
6 6.1
Qualification examinations Examination content
For each certification category, it is recommended that the candidates be required to answer a number of questions, specified by the certification body in a specified time duration similar to the example as shown in Table 3. The questions, covering the topics shown in Annex A, will have been selected from a database of questions existing at the time of the examination. Questions shall be of a practical nature, yet test the candidate on concepts and principles required to conduct machinery vibration analysis. The questions may involve the interpretation of charts and plots. Simple mathematical calculations using a basic scientific calculator are required; a summary of common formulae will be provided along, with the examination questions. These questions are to be generated and/or approved by a technical committee of the appropriate national certification body. Table 3 — Example of examination details Classification
6.2
Number of questions
Time
Pass rate
h
%
Category I
50
2
75
Category II
100
3
75
Category III
100
4
75
Category IV
60
5
75
Re-examination
A candidate who fails to obtain the pass grade required for certification may be re-examined any number of times, provided that the re-examinations take place not sooner than 30 days after a previous examination. A national certification body may use its discretion in allowing an earlier re-examination in the event that further training acceptable to the certification body concerned is undertaken. Candidates excluded for reasons of unethical behaviour shall wait at least 12 months before reapplying.
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Annex A (normative) Training course requirements for personnel involved in vibration condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines
Table A.1 — Overview Hours of training Subject
Category I
II
III
IV
1.
Principles of vibration
6
4
2
4
2.
Data acquisition
8
4
2
2
3.
Signal processing
2
4
3
8
4.
Condition monitoring
2
4
3
1
5.
Fault analysis
2
4
8
6
6.
Corrective action
2
4
6
16
7.
Equipment knowledge
8
4
4
—
8.
Acceptance testing
2
2
2
—
9.
Equipment testing and diagnostics
—
2
3
4
10. Reference standards
—
2
2
2
11. Reporting and documentation
—
2
2
4
12. Fault severity determination
—
2
3
3
13. Rotor/bearing dynamics
—
—
—
14
Total hours per category of training
32
38
40
64
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Table A.2 — Detailed list of topics and hours of instruction Category
Subject I
II
III
IV
6
4
2
4
Basic motion
*
*
*
Period, frequency
*
*
*
Amplitude: peak, peak-to-peak, r.m.s.
*
*
*
Parameters: displacement, velocity, acceleration
*
*
*
Units, unit conversions
*
*
*
Time and frequency domains
*
*
*
1.
Principles of vibration
Vectors, modulation Phase Natural frequency, resonance, critical speeds
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Force, response, damping, stiffness Instabilities, non-linear systems 2.
Data acquisition
Instrumentation
* 8
4
2
2
*
*
*
*
*
*
Dynamic range, signal-to-noise ratio Transducers
*
*
*
Sensor mounting, mounted natural frequency
*
*
*
*
*
Proximity sensor conventions
*
*
Triggering
*
*
Test planning
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
F max,
acquisition time
Test procedures
*
Data formats
8
Computer database upload/download
*
Recognition of poor data
*
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Table A.2 (continued ) Category
Subject 3.
Signal processing
I
II
III
IV
2
4
3
8
R.m.s./peak detection
*
Analog/digital conversion
*
Analog sampling, digital sampling
*
FTT computation FFT application
*
*
*
*
*
*
Time windows: uniform, Hanning, flat-top
*
*
Filters: low pass, high pass, band pass, tracking
*
*
*
Anti-aliasing
*
*
*
Bandwidth, resolution
*
*
*
Noise reduction
*
Averaging: linear, synchronous time, exponential
*
*
*
Dynamic range
*
*
*
Signal-to-noise ratio
*
Spectral maps 4.
Condition monitoring
2
4
Computer data base set-up, computer database maintenance
*
*
3
1
*
Equipment evaluation and prioritization
*
Monitoring programme design
*
Alarms set-up: narrowband, envelope
* *
Baseline assessments, trending
*
*
Route planning
*
*
Alternative technologies: oil analysis, infrared thermography, motor current analysis and acoustic emission Fault condition recognition
© ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
*
* *
*
*
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ISO/FDIS 18436-2:2003(E)
Table A.2 (continued ) Category
Subject I
II
III
IV
2
4
8
6
*
*
*
Time waveform analysis
*
*
Phase analysis
*
*
Transient analysis
*
*
Orbit analysis
*
*
Shaft centreline analysis
*
*
Enveloping
*
*
5.
Fault analysis
Spectrum analysis, harmonics, sidebands
Mass unbalance
*
*
Misalignment
*
*
Mechanical looseness
*
*
Rubs, instabilities
*
Bearing defects: rolling element, journal
*
*
Electric motor defects
*
*
*
*
*
Flow induced vibration, aerodynamics and liquids Gearbox analysis
*
*
Resonance and critical speeds
*
*
*
*
*
4
6
16
Shaft alignment
*
*
Field balancing
*
*
Turbomachinery General fault recognition
*
6.
2
Corrective action
*
Replacement of machine parts
*
Flow control
*
*
Isolation and damping
*
*
Resonance control
*
*
Basic maintenance action
10
*
*
*
*
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ISO/FDIS 18436-2:2003(E)
Table A.2 (continued ) Category
Subject I
II
III
IV
8
4
4
—
Electric motors, generators and drives
*
*
*
Pumps, fans
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
7.
Equipment knowledge
Steam turbines, gas turbines Compressors
*
Reciprocating machinery Rolling mills, paper machines, other process equipment
*
*
*
Machine tools
*
*
*
Structures, piping
*
*
*
Gearboxes
*
*
*
Rolling element bearings
*
*
Journal bearings
*
*
Gearing
*
*
Couplings, belts
*
*
2
2
2
*
*
8.
Acceptance testing
Test procedure
—
Specifications and standards
*
*
Reporting
*
*
2
3
4
Impact testing
*
*
*
Forced response testing
*
*
*
*
*
9.
Equipment testing and diagnostics
—
Transient analysis Transfer functions
*
Damping evaluation
*
Cross channel phase, coherence
*
Operating deflection shapes
*
*
Modal analysis
*
Torsional vibration
*
10. Reference standards
2
2
2
ISO
*
*
*
IEC
*
*
*
Relevant national standards
*
*
*
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—
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Table A.2 (continued ) Category
Subject I
II
III
IV
—
2
2
4
Condition monitoring reports
*
*
Vibration diagnostics reports
*
*
*
2
3
3
*
*
*
*
*
11. Reporting and documentation
12. Fault severity determination
—
Spectrum analysis Time waveform analysis, orbit analysis Levels: overall, narrowband, component
*
*
Severity charts, graphs and formula
*
*
*
—
—
14
13. Rotor/bearing dynamics
—
Rotor characteristics
*
Bearing characteristics
*
Rotor balancing
*
NOTE 1
The symbol * indicates the subject is to be covered within the time allotted.
NOTE 2 Category II includes the knowledge of Category I; Category III includes the knowledge of Category I and Category II; Category IV includes the knowledge of lower categories. NOTE 3 If the symbol * appears in more than one category for a subject item, it should be understood that at Category X deeper knowledge of the subject is required than at Category X – 1.
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Annex B (normative) Applicable International Standards
Category
ISO reference I ISO 1925, Mechanical vibration — Balancing — Vocabulary ISO 1940-1, Mechanical vibration — Balance quality requirements of rigid rotors — Part 1: Specification and verification of balance tolerances
II
III
IV
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ISO 1940-2, Mechanical vibration — Balance quality requirements of rigid rotors — Part 2: Balance errors ISO 2017, Mechanical vibration and shock — Resilient mounting systems — Part 1: Application of source and receiver isolation
•
ISO 2041, Vibration and shock — Vocabulary
•
•
ISO 2954, Mechanical vibration of rotating and reciprocating machinery — Requirements for instruments for measuring vibration severity
•
ISO 5348, Mechanical vibration and shock — Mechanical mounting of accelerometers ISO 7919-1, Mechanical vibration of non-reciprocating machines — Measurement on rotating shafts and evaluation criteria — Part 1: General guidelines
•
ISO 7919-2, Mechanical vibration — Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on rotating shafts — Part 2: Land-based steam turbines and generators in excess of 50 MW with normal operating speeds of 1 500 r/min, 1 800 r/min, 3 000 r/min and 3 600 r/min ISO 7919-3, Mechanical vibration of non-reciprocating machines — Measurements on rotating shafts and evaluation criteria — Part 3: Coupled industrial machines ISO 7919-4, Mechanical vibration of non-reciprocating machines — Measurements on rotating shafts and evaluation criteria — Part 4: Gas turbine sets ISO 7919-5, Mechanical vibration of non-reciprocating machines — Measurements on rotating shafts and evaluation criteria — Part 5: Machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pumping plants ISO 8528-9, Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternating current generating sets — Part 9: Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibrations
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ISO 8569, Mechanical vibration and shock — Measurement and evaluation of shock and vibration effects on sensitive equipment in buildings ISO 10816-1, Mechanical vibration — Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts — Part 1: General guidelines
© ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
•
•
•
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ISO/FDIS 18436-2:2003(E)
Category
ISO reference I ISO 10816-2, Mechanical vibration — Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts — Part 2: Land-based steam turbines and generators in excess of 50 MW with normal operating speeds of 1 500 r/min, 1 800 r/min, 3 000 r/min and 3 600 r/min ISO 10816-3, Mechanical vibration — Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts — Part 3: Industrial machines with nominal power above 15 kW and nominal speeds between 120 r/min and 15 000 r/min when measured in situ ISO 10816-4, Mechanical vibration — Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts — Part 4: Gas turbine driven sets excluding aircraft derivatives ISO 10816-5, Mechanical vibration — Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts — Part 5: Machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pumping plants ISO 10816-6, Mechanical vibration — Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts — Part 6: Reciprocating machines with power ratings above 100 kW
II
III
IV
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ISO 11342, Mechanical vibration — Methods and criteria for the mechanical balancing of flexible rotors ISO 13372, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Vocabulary ISO 13373-1, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Vibration condition monitoring — Part 1: General procedures
•
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ISO 13379, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — General guidelines on data interpretation and diagnostics techniques ISO 14694, Industrial fans — Specifications for balance quality and vibration levels
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ISO 14695, Industrial fans — Method of measurement of fan vibration ISO 17359, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — General guidelines ISO 18436-1, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines — Requirements for training and certification of personnel — Part 1: Requirements for certifying bodies and the certification process
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© ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
ISO/FDIS 18436-2:2003(E)
Bibliography
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ISO 4867, Code for the measurement and reporting of shipboard vibration data
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ISO 7626-1, Vibration and shock — Experimental determination of mechanical mobility — Part 1: Basic definitions and transducers
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ISO 7626-2, Vibration and shock — Experimental determination of mechanical mobility — Part 2: Measurements using single-point translation excitation with an attached vibration exciter
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ISO 7626-5, Vibration and shock — Experimental determination of mechanical mobility — Part 5: Measurements using impact excitation with an exciter which is not attached to the structure
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ISO 8579-2, Acceptance code for gears — Part 2: Determination of mechanical vibr ations of gear units during acceptance testing
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ISO 8821, Mechanical vibration — Balancing — Shaft and fitment key convention
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ISO 10814, Mechanical vibration — Susceptibility and sensitivity of machines to unbalance
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ISO 10817-1, Rotating shaft vibration measuring systems — Part 1: Relative and absolute sensing of radial vibration
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CRAWFORD, A.R. The Simplified Handbook of Vibration Analysis. Vols. I and II, CSI, 1992
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EHRICH, F.F. Handbook of Rotor Dynamics. Kreiger, 1998
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EISENMANN , Sr., R.C. Machinery Malfunction Diagnosis and Correction. Prentice Hall, 1992
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ESHLEMAN, R.L. Basic Machinery Vibration Analysis. Vol.VI, Clarendon Hills Press, IL, 1999
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EWINS, D.J. Modal Testing – Theory and Practice. McGraw Hill, 1992
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H ARRIS, C.M. Shock and Vibration Handbook. McGraw Hill, 1988
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MCCONNELL, K.G. Vibration Testing – Theory and Practice. John Wiley, NY, 1995
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MITCHELL, J.S. An Introduction to Machinery Analysis and Monitoring . PennWell, 1993
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PIOTROWSKI , J. Shaft Alignment Handbook . Marcel Dekker, 1986
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T AYLOR, J.I. The Gear Analysis Handbook . VCI, 2000
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T AYLOR, J.I. The Vibration Analysis Handbook . VCI, 1994
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WOWK, V. Machinery Vibration Measurement and Analysis. McGraw Hill, 1991
© ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 18436-2:2003(E)
ICS 03.100.30; 17.160 Price based on 15 pages
© ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
