ISE II SUBJECT AREAS
1) SOCIETY AND AND LIVING STANDARDS STANDARD S Vocabulary rel ated to society society Standard of living A grade or level level of subsist ence and comfort comfort in ev everyday eryday life enjoyed by a c ommunity, class , or individual individual Society A s ociety is a population population of humans characterized by patt erns of relationships relationships between individuals individuals that share a distinctive culture and/or institutions. More broadly, a society is an economic, social and industrial infrastructure, in which a varied multitude of people are a part of. Members of a society may be from different ethnic groups. Antisocial Antis ocial Antisocial Antis ocial (against (against society ) is often used in colloquial speech to mean unfriendly or not sociable (asocial (asocial ). ). In scientific use, antisocial refers more specifically to a person who is harmful or hostile to others, or to society in general. Social exclusion Social exclusion relates to the alienation or disenfranchisement of certain people within a society. It is often connected to a person's social class, educational status, relationships in childhood and living standards and how these might affect access to various opportunities. It also applies to some degree to people with a disability, to minority men and women of all races, to the elderly, and to youth (Youth Exclusion). Anyone who deviates in any perceived way from the norm of a population may become subject to coarse or subtle forms of social exclusion. Here are some definitions of Social exclusion : “Social exclusion is about the inability of our society to keep all groups and individuals within reach of what we expect as a society...[or] to realize their full potential." "Whateve "W hateverr the content and criteria of soc ial membership, socially excluded groups groups and individuals individuals lack capacity or access to social opportunity.
Social class Social class refers to the hierarchical distinctions (or stratification) between individuals or groups in societies or cultures. People may be part of lower, middle or higher classes. Minority A minority or subordinate subordinate group is a soc iological group that does not c onstitute a politically dominant voting voting majority of the total population of a given society. Examples of minority groups include emigrants, blacks, ... Social solidarity Social solidarity refers to the integration, and degree and type of integration, shown by a society or group.
Ass ociation A voluntary association or union (also sometimes called a voluntary organization, unincorporated association, or just an association) is a group of individuals who voluntarily enter into an agreement to form a body (or organization) to accomplish a purpose for the good of society. Examples of association include associations for the defense of human rights, minorities, the disabled ... Multicultural Society A s ociety in which there is a cultural diversity. Health care Health care, or healthcare, is the prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of health through services offered by the medical, dental, nursing, and allied health professions. Voluntary work Voluntary work is done by volunteers for the benefit of a community or society. A volunteer is someone who works for a community or for the benefit of environment primarily because they choose to do so. Volunteers do not normally get paid. Homelessness Homelessness is the condition and social category of people who lack housing, because they cannot afford, or are otherwise unable to maintain, regular, safe, and adequate shelter. People who are part of this social category are called homeless people. Poverty Poverty is the deprivation of common necessities such as food, clothing, shelter and safe drinking water, all of which determine our quality of life. It may also include the lack of access to opportunities such as education and employment which aid the escape from poverty and/or allow one to enjoy the respect of fellow citizens. Citizenship Citizenship is membership in a political community (originally a city or town but now usually a country) and carries with it rights to political participation; a person having such membership is a citizen. Gender Roles A gender role is defined as a set of perceived behavioral norms associated particularly with males or females, in a given social group or system. It can be a form of division of labor by gender. Domestic violence Domestic violence (also known as domestic abuse or spousal abuse) occurs when a family member, partner or ex-partner attempts to physically or psychologically dominate another. Domestic violence often refers to violence between spouses, or spousal abuse but can also include cohabitants and non-married intimate partners.
2) Personal Values and Ideals tolerance discrimination ethical work love freedom Whatever friends a moral dilemma moral code/ creed/ ethics/ rules/ beliefs family respect/disrespect selfish/selfless environmental principles wealth/poverty ethical consumption compassion for people in need/ charity environmental principles honesty/dishonesty betray/lie to/ double cross integrity/hypocrisy loyal/ trustworthy
Personal Values Checklist: Achievement
Friendship
Physical c hallenge
Advancement and promotion
Growth
Pleasure
Adventure
Having a family
Power and authority
Affection (love and caring)
Helping other people
Privacy
Arts
Helping society
Public s ervice
Challenging problems
Honesty
Purity
Change and variety
Independence
Quality of what I take part in
Close relationships
Influencing others
Quality relationships
Community
Inner harmony
Recognition (respect from others, status)
Competence
Integrity
Religion
Competition
Intellectual status
Reputation
Cooperation
Involvement
Responsibilit y and accountabilit
Country
Job tranquility
Security
Creativity
Knowledge
Self-Respect
Decisiveness
Leadership
Serenity
Democracy
Location
Sophistication
Ecological awareness
Loyalty
Stability
Economic security
Market position
Status
Effectiveness
Meaningful work
Supervising others
Efficiency
Merit
Time freedom
Ethical practice
Money
Truth
Exc ellence
Nature
Wealth
Exc itement
being around people who are open and honest
Wisdom
Fame
Order (tranquility , stability, conformity)
Work under pressure
Fast living
Personal development
Work with others
Financial gain
Freedom
Working alone
3) Employment Vocabulary Employee - a person who works for another person or for a company for wages or a salary. Employer - a person or company that has people who do work for wages or a salary : a person or company that has employees. Worker - a person who does a particular job to earn money. Apprentice - a person who learns a job or skill by working for a fixed period of time for someone who is very good at that job or skill. Trainee - a person who is being trained for a job. Intern – a student or recent graduate who works for a period of time at a job in order to get experience. Full-time job - working the full number of hours considered normal or standard. Normally 8. Part-time job - working or involving fewer hours than is considered normal or standard. Shifts - the scheduled period of time during which a person works. Overtime - time spent working at your job that is in addition to your normal working hours. Flexitime - a system in which employees are required to work a certain number of hours but are allowed to choose their own times for starting and finishing work. Occupation - the work that a person does : a person’s job or profession. Profession - a type of job that requires special education, training, or skill. Earn your living - to get (money, a salary, etc.) for work that you have done. To get a raise – to receive an increase in the amount of your pay. Promotion - the act of promoting someone or something: such as a : the act of moving someone to a higher or more important position or rank in an organization. Maternity leave – not going to work for a specific period of time since you have just given birth. Salary - an amount of money that an employee is paid each year. Wage – very similar to salary: an amount of money that a worker is paid based on the number of hours, days, etc., that are worked.
Unemployment Vocabulary Period of notice - a statement telling someone that an agreement, job, etc., will end soon. To be unemployed – to be without a job. To be out of work – to be without a job. To be on the dole - money that a government gives to people who do not have jobs or who are very poor. To fire somebody - to dismiss (someone) from a job. To sack somebody - to dismiss (someone) from a job. To hand in one’s notice – to give your boss a statement telling someone that an agreement, job, etc., will end soon. To resign - to give up (a job or position) in a formal or official way. To quit - to leave (a job, school, career, etc.). Unemployment benefit - money that is paid by a company (such as an insurance company) or by a government when someone dies, becomes sick, stops working, etc.
Union Vocabulary Demonstration - an act of showing someone how something is used or done. Reforms - an action, plan, rule, etc., that is meant to improve something. Strike – a period of time when workers stop work in order to force an employer to agree to their demands. Boycott - to refuse to buy, use, or participate in (something) as a way of protesting.
4) Unexplained Phenomena and Events Vocab Supernatural Paranormal Ghosts Spirits ESP Psychic UFO Extraterrestrial Skeptic (noun) Skeptic al (adjective) Common Supe rstitions ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Friday the thirteenth is an unlucky day A rabbit's foot brings good luck An apple a day keeps the doctor away To find a four-leaf clover is to find good luck If you walk under a ladder, you will have bad luck If a black cat crosses your path you will have bad luck To break a mirror will bring you seven years bad luck To open an umbrella in the house is to bring bad luck To find a horseshoe brings good luck Step on a crack, break your mother's back You can break a bad luck spell by turning seven times in a clockwise circle Garlic protects from evil spirits and vampires Our fate is written in the stars At the end of a rainbow is a pot of gold Clothes worn inside out will bring good luck Wearing your birthstone will bring you good luck If you blow out all of the candles on your birthday c ake with the first breath you will get whatever you wish for To have a wish come true using a wishbone, two people make a wish, then take hold of each end of the bone and pull it until it separates. The person with the longer end gets his or her wish An itchy palm means money will come your way A beginner will always have good luck: beginner's luck A cat has nine lives
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Crossing your fingers helps to avoid bad luck and helps a wish come true It is bad luck to sing at the table It is bad luck to sleep on a table A bird that comes in your window brings bad luck To refuse a kiss under mistletoe causes bad luck
5) National Environmental Concerns acid rain
lluvia ácida
carbon dioxide
dióxido de carbono
chemicals
sustancias químicas
climate c hange
cambio climático
conservation
conservación
contaminant
contaminante
contamination
contaminación
deforestation
deforestación
eco-friendly
que no daña el medio ambiente
ecological
ecológico
ecologist
ecologista
ecosystem
ecosistema
effluent
aguas residuales
endangered species
especies en peligro de extinción
environment
medio ambiente
environmental
medioambiental
environmentalist
ecologista
environmentally friendly
que no daña el medio ambiente
extinction
extinción
garbage disposal (US)
eliminación de residuos
garbage se paration (US)
separación de residuos
global warming
calentamiento global
greenhouse effect
efecto invernadero
noise pollution
contaminación acústica
nuclear r adiation
radiación nuclear
organic
orgánico
ozone
ozono
ozone-friendly
que no daña la capa de ozono
ozone layer
capa de ozono
pollution
polución, contaminación
radioactive substance
sus tancia radiactiva
radioactive waste
residuo s radiactivos
radioactivity
radiactividad
recyclable
reciclable
recycled
reciclado
recycling
reciclaje
reforestation
repoblación forestal
sewage
aguas residuales
sew age farm (GB)
estación depuradora
sew age plant (US)
estación depuradora
sewage works (GB)
estación depuradora
smog
smog
solar energy
energía sola r
sulphur dioxide (GB)
dióxido de azufre
sulfur dioxide (US)
dióxido de azufre
toxic w aste
residuo s tóxicos
was te separation (GB)
separación de residuos
was te disposal (GB)
eliminación de residuos
wind power
energía eólica
to become extinct
extinguirse
to conserve
conservar
to contaminate
contaminar
to die out
extinguirse
to poison
envenenar
to pollute
contaminar
to recycle
reciclar
7) Public Figures Past and Present Vocabulary: Legend hero mastermind genius villain bad guy legacy famous person celebrity President leader founder inventor creator gossip to achieve to be successful to contribute to disgrace to admire
