John J. McGraw
Juan González Rocché
Tz’utujil/Spanish/English — Vocabulary Vocabulary and Basic Phrases —
Introduction
This is a short document that translates common words and phrases between Tz ’utujil, Spanish, and English. Should you have an opportunity to visit the Western shores of Lake Atitlán, you ’ll find that the Tz’ Tz’utujiles appreciate foreigners who try to learn something of their culture and language. The following material relates most specifically to the Tz’utujil spoken in San Pedro La Laguna. There is substantial variation in Tz’utujil so this document can serve merely as an introduction. Este es un breve documento que traduce palabras y frases communes entre Tz ’ utujil, utujil, Español, e Inglés. En caso de tener la oportunidad de visitar las orillas occidentale occidentaless del lago de Atitlán, usted encontrará que los Tz'utujiles apreciar los extranjeros que tratan de aprender algo de su cultura e idioma. El material que sigue se refiere más específicamente a la Tz'utujil se habla en San Pedro La Laguna. Existe una variación sustancial en Tz'utujil por lo que este documento puede servir como una simple introducción.
Pronunciation
Tz’ Tz’utujil [dz- oot oo hēē h ēēl] l] has a number of tricky sounds which one does not commonly hear in the Romance or Germanic languages. After each Tz’ Tz ’utujil word and phrase below I have indicated a guide to pronunciation pronunciation using English sounds and words (where possible). After each English word or phrase below I have indicated a guide to pronunciation pronunciation using Spanish sounds. Spaces Spaces in these pronunciation pronunciation guides indicate syllables. The only novel mark I ’ve had to create is the sign “ -” to indicate the glottal pause that is so common in Tz’ Tz ’utujil. For English speakers, it is something akin to the short pause in the middle of the expression “uh“uh -oh.” Below, I note the Tz’ Tz ’utujil word followed by a pronunciation guide followed by the Spanish translation followed by the English translation.
Después de cada traducción traducción en Inglés, he dado una approximación cruda de los sonidos de las palabras en Inglés.
Phrases (Frases)
tēē y yō ōsh] Ja ka atet? [ha kaw Utz aawach? [ootz ah watch] / Utz, maltiyoox. [ootz mall tēē atet] / Utz chaqajaa’, maltiyoox. [ootz chalk ah hah-, mall t ēē y ēē yō ōsh] = como estás? / bien, gracias. y tu? / estoy estoy bien tambien, gracias gracias = = how are you? / fine, fine, thanks. how are you? / I ’m fayn, thanks. how ar yuu / Ay’ Ay’m fayn alsōō als ōō,, thanks] fine also, thanks [how ar yuu / fayn, Utz k ’aari’/utz nak ’a/je’ee [ootz k- aw ree-/oots knock- aw/hay āā] = está bien = fine, sounds good, okay [fayn, sowndz gud, ōh kāā] ēē-] = como te llamas? = what’s your name? [wats yuur nāā nāām] m] Naq aab’ii’ [knock awb- ēē-] Version 1 Sep 2014
John J. McGraw
Juan González Rocché
estás? = how are you doing? [how ar yuu duu ing] Naq ab’anoon [knock ob- on own] = cómo estás? = haces? = what are you doing? [wat ar yuu duu ing] Naq naab’an [knock knob- on] = que haces? = Naq k ’a [knock k- aw] = quien es, que es = es = who is it, what is it [huu is it, wat is it] Jaru’ ajuunaa’ [ha roo- ah hoon gnaw-] = cuantos años tiene? = tiene? = how old are you? [how ōōld ōōld ar yuu] hēēl] l] = cuanto cuesta? = cuesta? = how much is it? [how much is it] Jaru’ rajil? [ha roo- raw hēē Jaru’ nuuk ’aas [ha roo- new k- aws] = cuanto debo? = debo? = how much do I owe you? [how much duu ay ōō yuu] ōō yuu] hēē l knob- on] = Jar atet k ’a naq chi saamaajiil naab’an [har aw tet k- aw knock chēē sawm ah hēēl tú, que trabajo haces? = haces? = what kind of work do you do? [wat kaynd of wurk duu yuu duu] [hō- ] = vamos! = vamos! = let’s go! [letz gōō gōō]] ¡Jo’! [hō ēē knock wē wē-] = de donde viene? = viene? = where are you B’aar at petinaq wi’? [b- are ought pet ēē knock from? [wer ar yuu from] = perdoname = = excuse me [eks Kinakuyu ’/cha nuumak [key naw koo you-/chaw new mock] = perdoname kuus mee] Kinok’ona’ awik’iin [key naw koo you-/chaw new mock] = con permiso = permiso = excuse me [eks kuus mee] [nēēn n bay pa ki yēē yēē ball] ball] = voy al mercado = mercado = I am (I’m) going to the Ninb’e pa kayib’al [nēē [ay’m gōō gōō ing ing to tha market] market [ay’ Naq q’iij xaturqaji’ [knock k- ey shot oor kah he-] = cuando llegaste = llegaste = When did you arrive? [wen did yu ar ayve] Wuqub’iixir xinurqaji’ [wook oob- ēēsh ear sheen oor kah hēē-] hēē -] = llegue la semana pasada = I arrived last week [ay ar ayvd last wik] Nk’atzin chuwee’ ninb’e chuwaaq pa Chichicastenango Chichicastenango [n k- atz ēēn choo vayvay - nēēn bnēēn b- ay choo walk paw Chee chee cast en ang o] = necesito irme a Chichicastenango mañana = mañana = I need to gō tu Chi chi cast en ang ō tum or ōō] ōō] go to Chichicastenango Chichicastenango tomorrow [ay nid tu gō te! = Be careful! [ bēē bēē cair cair ful] ¡Tachajij aawii’! [tawch aw hēē ah wēē] = ¡Cuida te! = =¡Nos Vemos! = Vemos! = see you later! [see yuu lāātur] Q’ila’ chik na [k- ey law- chēēk gnaw] =¡Nos cawtz- ought chēē gnaw key-] key -] = ¡Nos Vemos! = Vemos! = See you later! ¡Xtiqaatz’at chik na qii ’! [shtēē cawtz[sēē yuu lāāt ur] [k-ōh/ k -ōh lee hoon] = hay un/a = there is a(n) [ther is aa(an)] K ’o/K ’ooli jun [k-ōh/ Taya’a’ [tie yaw- ah-] = da me = give me [giv mēē] ēēl] = hágame un favor = do me a favor [do mēē Tab’ana’ jun utziil [tawb- awn aw- hoon ootz ēēl] ā fāv ur ] t ēē yōsh] yōsh] = gracias = gracias = thank you (thanks) [thank yuu (thanks)] Maltiyoox [mall tēē t ēē yōsh] = muchas gracias = thank you very much Sib’alaj maltiyoox [seeb- all ah mall tēē ēē much (thanks ver ēē much)] (thanks very much) [thank yuu ver ēē much [hay’] = sí = sí (afirmación) (afirmación) = = yeah (affirmation) [yeh] Jee’ [hay’] = no (negación) = (negación) = no (negation) [nōō [nōō]] Ma [maw] = no = sí = = yes [yes] Kan [con] = sí [nōō]] Ma kan ta [maw con taw] = no = no = no [nōō Ma k ’o ta [maw k- ōh taw] = no hay = hay = there is not [ther is not]
Interrogatives (Interrogativos)
B’aar chi ri (tri) [b- are trēē] trēē] = dónde, adónde = adónde = where [wer] B’ajan [b- a hawn] = cuándo = cuándo = when [wen] Jaru’ [ha roo-] = cuánto = cuánto = how much [how much]
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John J. McGraw
Juan González Rocché
[ha nēē-] nēē-] = cómo = how [how] Jani’ [ha Naq [knock] = qué, quién = what, who [wat, hoo] = por qué = Naq chi re (tre) [knock tray] = por qué = why [way]
Nouns (Sustantivos)
= piedra, roca roca = = stone, rock [stōō [stōōn, n, rawk] Aab’aj [ab aw] = piedra, hombre = man [man] Aachi [aw chēē] = hombre = Aaj [aah] = caña = cane stalk [kāān stawk] foto = image, photo [im uj, f ōtō] Achib’al [awtch ēē b-all ] = imagen, foto = ēēk-] = sueño = sueño = dream [dr ēēm] ēēm] Achik ’ [awtch ēēk-] ēēk-] = sirvienta = sirvienta = servant [sur vant] Aj’iik ’ [aw- ēēk-] hēēl] l] = precio = precio = price [priis] Ajil [aw hēē Ajk ’aay [awk- eye] = vendedor(a) = merchant [mur chant] ēēm] = tejedora = Ajkeem [awk ēēm] tejedora = weaver [wee vur] Ajpub’/kinich [aw poob-/key nēē nēētch] tch] = el sol = = sun [son] Ajtijaal [aw tēē tēē hall] hall] = escuela = escuela = school [skuul] Ak ’aal [awk- all] = niño = niño = boy [boy] Alaq’oom [all awk- oom] = ladrón = robber [rob ur] Alaxib’al [all osh ēē b- all] = nacimiento = birth [burth] Aq’oom [awk- oom] = medicina = medicine [med is in] = you [yuu] Atat [aw tot] = usted = tēēsh] sh] = estornudo = estornudo = = sneeze [snēē [snēēz] z] At’ix [aw tēē milpa = cornfield [korn f ēēld] ēēld] Awan [ah wan] = milpa = camino = road [r ōōd] ōōd] B’eey [b- ay] = camino = ceniza = ash [ash] Chaaj [chaw] = ceniza = hēē nel] nel] = guardián = guardián = = guardian [gar dēē dēē en] en] Chajineel [chaw hēē = silla = = chair [cheyur] Ch’akat [cha cot] = silla almohada = pillow [pil ōō] ōō] Ch’akatwi’ [ch- awk ot we] = almohada = = jabón = soap [sōō [sōō p] Ch’apaq [ch- op awk] = jabón = tree [tree] Chee’ [chay-] = árbol = [chēē yaw-] yaw-] = playa = playa = = beach [bēēch] [bēēch] Chi’ ya’ [chēē carro = car [kar] Ch’iich’ [ch- each-] = carro = maquina = machine [mush ēēn] ēēn] Ch’iich’ [ch- each-] = maquina = Ch’iich’ [ch- each-] = metal = = metal [met ul] Chiij [chēē [chēēh] h] = algodón = algodón = cotton [kawt un] Ch’ujarinaq [ch- oo hawr een awk] = loco = loco = crazy person [k rāā rāā zēē pur son] Ch’uumiil [ch- oo meal] = estrella = estrella = star [star] [ēē chaw] chaw] = hierba = plant [plant] Ichaaj [ēē ēēk] = chile = chile pepper [chi lēē lēē pep pep ur] Iik [ēēk] [ēēk-] k-] = luna, mes = moon, month [muun, munth] Iik ’ [ēē ēē yik-] = viento = viento = wind [wehnd] Iiq’ [ēē yik-] ēē kaw] = hacha = hacha = axe [aks] Ikaj [ēē kaw] [ēēll mawk] = pecado = pecado = sin [sen] Iil majk [ēē [ēēll eesh eek] = servicio = servicio = service [sur vis] Ilixik [ēē [ēē sheesh] sheesh] = ustedes = you (plural) [yuu] Ixix [ēē [ēēsh sh oak] = mujer = woman [wum en] Ixoq [ēē
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John J. McGraw
Juan González Rocché
ēēsh tawn] = senorita = senorita = unmarried woman [un mar ēēd ēēd wum an] Ixtan [ēēsh [ēē yaw] = las ninas = girls [gurls] Iyaaj [ēē ēē yō ōwm] = comadrona = midwife [mid wayf] Iyoom [ēē y Jaan [hawn] = mosca = mosca = fly [flay] Jar/Ja [hawr/haw] = el/la = el/la = the [tha] Juunaa’ [hoon gnaw-] = año = año = year [yehr] cāān n ōō] ōō] Juyu’ [who you] = volcan = volcano [vol cāā Kaaj [kaw] = cielo = sky [skay] K ’aas [k- aws] = deuda = debt [det] = joven = young man [yung man] K ’ajool [k- hole] = joven = guía = guide [gayd] K ’amol b’eey [k- awm ole b- ay] = guía K’asleemaal [k- aws lem all] = vida = life [layf] Kooch [coach] = regalo = gift [gift] ēēh] = flores = flores = flowers [flau urs] Kotz’iij [coat dz- ēēh] cerveza = beer [bēēyur] [bēēyur] K ’uyaa’ [k- oo yaw-] = cerveza = Maamaaj [mom ma] = nietos = grandsons [grand suns] = fiesta = = festival [fest iv ul] Nimaq’iij [neem ock- ee] = fiesta [ō k ōsh] = hongos = mushrooms [mush ruums] Okox [ō chōch/hi] = casa = house [hows] Oochooch/ Jaay [ō chō Palow [pall oaf] = mar = sea [see] Puluw [pool oof] = burbuja = bubble [bub ul] Puwaq [poo wock] = dinero = money [mun ēē] ēē] Q’aaq’ [q- awq-] = fuego = fire [fayr] Q’aniil /ija’tz [q- awn ēēl/ ēēl/ ēē haw- tz] = semilla = semilla = seed [sēē [sēēd] d] = su hijo(a) = son, daughter [sun / dawt ur] Raal [raw-] = su ēē k ēēl] ēēl] = comida = food [fuud] Riikiil [r ēē k ēē-] = anciano, don = sir [sur] Ri’ j j [r ēē-] = pared pared = wall [waul] Ruuwach xaan [roo watch shkawn] = ayēē]] = arena = sand [sand] Sanayii ’ [sawn ayēē Su’b’al [soo- b- all] = toalla = towel [tow ul] [ōōld ld man] Taa’ [taw-] = anciano = old man [ōō ēēsō- m] = costura = sewing [sōō [sōō ing] ing] T’iiso’m [t- ēēs [tēē h hō ō b- all] = escuela = school [skuul] Tijob’al [tēē [tēē h hō ōan nā nāil] = maestro = teacher [tēē [tēēch ch ur] Tijooneel [tēē [tēē h hō ōe shā shāle] = estudiante = student [stuu dent] Tijoxeel [tēē [tēēn n aw meat] = pueblo = pueblo = town [town] Tinamiit [tēē [tēase ēē b- awl] = maqina de coser = sewing machine [sōō [sōō ing ing mush ēēn] ēēn] T’isib’al [tē T’oot’ [t- ōwt-] = caracol = shell [shel] T’uy’ [t- ēēh-] ēēh-] = olla = pot [pawt] = gota de lluvia lluvia = = raindrop [r āān āān drawp] Tz’uuj [dz-ooh] = gota [dzēē]] = palabra = palabra = word [wurd] Tziij [dzēē [dzēē yawk] yawk] = ropa = clothes [clōō [clōōths] ths] Tziyaq [dzēē oof] = tierra = tierra = land [land] Uleew [oo lay oof] = [wē knock] = persona = persona = = person [purson] Winaq [wē = fresco = = fresh [fresh] Xuk ’uk ’ [shoe kook] = fresco agua = water [wat ur] Ya’ [yaw-] = agua = enfermo = sick [sik] [sik] Yaawaa’ [yaw wah] = enfermo = ēēl] = enfermedad = = sickness, disease [sik nes, dis ēēs] ēēs] Yaab’iil [yawb- ēēl]
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Bodies (Cuerpos) -Rule: drop – aaj aaj suffix when used with possessive (e.g. nuupaam-mi estomago)
lēēl] l] = cuerpo human = human body [hu mun bod ēē] ēē] Xamaliil [shawm ah lēē Aaq [awk] = lengua = tongue [tung] Achaaq [aw chalk] = nalga = butt [butt] Achoq’aaq’ [aw chōkechōke- awq-] = musculos = muscles [muss uls] = pies = feet [f ēēt] ēēt] Aqanaaj [awk on aw] = pies = pie = foot [fut] Aqaan [awk on aw] = pie = pierna = legs [lā [lāgs] Aqanaaj [awk on aw] = pierna [nēēs] s] Ch’e’kaaj [ch- eh- kaw] = rodillas = knees [nēē chēē- aw] = boca = mouth [mowth] Chii’aaj [chēēbōh] Ch’u’kaaj [ch- ew- kaw] = codo = elbow [el bō Eeyaaj [ēē yah] ēē yah] = diente = tooth [tuth] Ismaal [is mahl] = pelo = pelo = hair [her] Ixkinaaj [ēē [ēēsh sh k ēēn ēēn ah] = oreja = ear [ēē [ēēr] r] K’utu’ [k- oot oo-] = indice = indice = index finger [en deks fin gur] K’utu’ [k- oot oo-] = pulgar = = thumb [thum] K’uxaaj [k- oo shaw] = pecho = pecho = chest [chest] Mooq’ [mōōck -] -] = puño = puño = fist [fest] Meetz’ [mayedz-] = ceja = eyebrow [ay braw] āās] Palaj [pall off] = cara = face [f āās] Paamaaj [pawm ah] = estomago = stomach [stum uck] Paq’ab’aaj [pawk- awb- aah] = palma = palma de mano mano = palm [palm] Poxaaj [pōsh aw] = costillas = ribs [ribs] Poxaaj [pōsh aw] = cadera = hip [hip] Q’ab’aaj [k- ab- aah] = mano = hand [hand] Q’ab’aaj [k- ab- aah] = brazo = arm [arm] Q’eta’ [k- et aw-] = nudillo = knuckle [nok ul] Qulaaj [koo laah] = cuello = neck [neck] ēē yah] = labio = lip [lep] Ruwaach eeyaaj [ru watch ēē yah] [tōh] Rwi’ aqanaaj [ ruh we awk on aw] = dedo = toe [tō Rwi’ q’ab’aaj [ ruh we k- ab- aah] = dedo = finger [feen gur] Samaal w’iaaj [saw mall we- ah] = cabello = hair [her] Tale’k [dz [dz- ahm] = hombro = shoulder [shō [shōl dur] Tz’am [dz- ahm] = nariz = nose [nohs] Tz’uum [dz- oom] = arruga = wrinkle [rink ul] Tz’uumaal [dz- oom all] = piel = piel = skin [sken] Wachaaj [watch ah] = ojo = eye [ay] Wi’aaj [we- ah] = cabeza = head [hed] Wiij [weeh] = espalda = back [back] Xkin [shkin] = oreja = ear [ir]
Families (Familias)
Aal [awl] = hijo(a) = son [sun] Aana’ [awn ah-] = hermana = sister [ses tur]
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ēē-] = cuñada = sister-in-law [ses tur en law] Alii’ [al ēē-] ēēb- ōtz] = nuera = daughter-in-law [dawt ur en law] Alib’ootz [al ēēb= sobrino = nephew [nef yu] Chaq’axeel [chak- aw shell] = sobrino Chaq’axeel [chak- aw shell] = sobrina = sobrina = niece [nis] Eecha’m [ehch a- m] = cuñado = brother-in-law [brath ur en law] Ikiyaan [ik i yawn] = tío = uncle [unk ul] Nimaal [Nēēm all] = tía = aunt [awnt] Q’amama’ [k- am am aw] = abuelo = grand father [fawth ur] Q’atit [k- at eat] = abuela = grand mother [grand muth ur] [tāy- āy] = madre = madre = mother [muth ur] Tee’eej [tā ēē shell] = padre = padre = = father [fawth ur] Tatixeel [tot ēē shell] Xib’aal [shēēb[shēēb- all] = hermano = hermano = brother [brath ur]
Religion (Religión)
Ajq’iij [awk- ēēy] ēēy] = guía = guía espiritual espiritual = = daykeeper [dā [dāy k ēē ēē p ur] Ajaaw [ah how] = Dios = Dios = = God [gawd] Aj’iitz [aw- eats] = brujo = witch [wich] Ch’eme’y [ch- em āāāā- y] = palo = palo de autoridad autoridad = staff of office [staf uf of es] Iitz [eats] = brujeria = witchcraft [wich kraft] Kanteelaa’ [kan tel a-] = velas = candles [kan duls] K’axtok’ [k- osh toke-] = diablo = diablo = devil [dev ul] Kotz’iij [coat dz- ēēh] = flores = flores = flowers [flau urs] K’u’x [k- oo- sh] = alma/corazón = alma/corazón = soul/heart [sool] Loq’olaaj [low k- ōō lah] ōō lah] = importante/primordial = important [emp ort unt] [mōe kah] = grupos = grupos religiosos religiosos = sects [sekts] Mookaaj [mō creencias = beliefs [bel ēēfs] Nawaliil [nah wall ēēl] = creencias = Q’ojob’aal [k] = envoltorio sagrado = sacred bundle [sāā kred bun dul] [pōōm]] = incienso = incienso = incense [en sens] Poom [pōōm = pañuelo ceremonial ceremonial = = headscarf [hed [hed skarf] Suut [soot] = pañuelo yōhsh] = santos = santos = = saints [sāānts] Tiyoox [tēē yōhsh] yōhsh] = iglesia = iglesia = church [church] Tiyooxajaay [tēē yōhsh] incensario = censer [sen sur] Ukub’aal [ook oob- all] = incensario = = sagrado/prohibido bido = = sacred [sāā kred] Xajaniil [shaw hawn eel] = sagrado/prohi Xolob’xeel [show lobe- shell] = Espiritu = Espiritu Santo Santo = = Holy Spirit [hōōl [hōōl ēē speer it] Xukuleem [shoe koo lay em] = Ceremonia Maya = Maya = Mayan fire ceremony [ser e mown ēē] Xukulib’aal [shoe koo l] = altar = = altar [al tar] Yuqub’al k’u’x [you koob- all k- oosh] = fé = fé = = faith [fāāth] Yuq’uneel [youh] = cura = priest [prist]
Food (Comida)
Riikiil [r ēē k ēē k ēēl] ēēl] = comida = food [fuud] Ak’ [ack-] = gallina = gallina = = chicken [chik un] Askol [ah skōl] = azucar = sugar [shug ur] Atz’aam [awtz- awm] = sal = = salt [sawlt]
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= corn drink [corn [corn drink] Ch’aroon [ch- ar own] = atol = camarón = shrimp [shremp] Cho’m [cho- m] = camarón = Ch’uu’ [ch- oo-] = pescado = pescado = fish [fish] Kape’ [kaw pay-] = café = coffee [kawf i] Kaxlan way [kawsh lawn why] = pan = pan = = bread [bred] Mololon aq’oom [mole ole loan awk- ohm] = pimienta = pimienta = pepper [pep ur] paw kīī ] = pacaya = pacaya = pacaya [pa kay a] Pakaay [ paw Pa’t [paw- t] = patin = patin = patin [pa tin] Saqmooloo’ [sock mow low-] = huevo = egg [āā [āāg] g] [tēē-- ēē] ēē] = carne = meat [mēē [mēēt] t] Tii’iij [tēē [t] = pulique = pulique = m [mt] Tukunik [t] tortilla = tortilla [tor tēē ya] tēē ya] Way [why] = tortilla = agua = water [wat ur] Ya’ [yaw-] = agua =
Legumbres (Vegetables)
elote = corn-on-the-cob [korn on tha kawb] Aj [aah] = elote = shoosh] = ajo = ajo = garlic [gar lek] Anxuux [an shoosh] = ēēm eye] = eye] = güisquil = = güisquil [wesk il] Ch’iimaay [ch- ēēm aw] = yerba mora = mora = nightshade [nayt shāā shāād] d] Ichaaj [each aw] = [ēēk] k] = chile = chile pepper [chil ēē pep ur ] Iik [ēē [ēēsh sh eē eēm] = maiz = corn [korn] Ixiim [ēē knock-] = frijoles = frijoles = beans [bins] Kinaq’ [key knock-] = oom] = ayote = ayote = squash [skwash] K’uum [k- oom] = Kuliix [koo leash] = repollo = cabbage [kab ej] Muuch’ [mooch-] = chipilin = chipilin [chip i lin] Ooj [ōōh] = aguacate = avocado [ah gwa ka teh] Saqwach [sock watch] = papa = papa = potato [pa tāā tāātt ōōh] ōōh] kawt] = cebolla = cebolla = onion [ung yun] Xanakat [shawn ah kawt] = Xkooyaa’ [shkoy yaw-] = yaw-] = tomate = tomate = tomato [tōō [tōō m māā tōō tōō]]
Fruits (Frutas)
Raxamuuniil [rosh ahmoon ēēl] = fruta = fruta = = fruit [fruut] Ajachel [aw haw chel] = matazano = matazono [ma ta zan ōō] ōō] Aranxax [are rawn shesh] = naranja = orange [or anj] Ch’oob’ [ch- ōbe-] ōbe-] = pina = pina = = pineapple [piin ap ul] K’eweex [k- ey wesh] = anona = anona [ah nōn nōn ah] ah] Lamunaax [lam oon ash] = limón = lemon [lem un] [māān n gōō gōō]] Manka [mank aw] = mango = mango [māā Q’inoom [k- ey nōōm] nōōm] = jocote = jocote = jocote [hōō [hōō cōōt ōōt e] Saq’uul [sock- ool] = banana = banana [buh nan uh] Tap [top] = cangrejo = crab [krab] = fresa = strawberry [stra ber i] Tokaan [toe con] = fresa = frambuesa = raspberry [rasp ber i] Tokaan [toe con] = frambuesa [traz nōō] nōō] = durazno = peach [pich] Trasno [traz
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John J. McGraw
Juan González Rocché
Animals (Animales)
Chikop [chēē [chēē cop] cop] = animal = = animal [an im ul] Ak ’ [ack-] = gallina = gallina = = chicken [chik un] Am [awm] = araña = araña = spider [spiid ur] ratón = rat [rat] Ch’ooy [ch- oi] = ratón = pescado = fish [fish] Ch’uu’ [ch- oo-] = pescado = Jaan [hawn] = mosca = fly [flay] = gusano = = worm [wurm] Juut [hoot] = gusano ēēyāāy] āāy] = caballo = caballo = horse [hors] Keej [k ēēy o’k [k ōōōō- k] = tortuga = tortuga = turtle [tur tul] K o’k [kook] = ardilla = squirrel [skwur ul] Kuuk [kook] = gallo = = rooster [roo stur] Mama’ [ma ma-] = gallo = gato = = cat [kat] Mix [meesh] = gato = zorro = fox [fawks] Paar [par] = zorro [sōōdz-] = murcielago = bat [bat] Sootz’ [sōōdz-] Tap [top] = cangrejo = crab [krab] [tēēsh] sh] = elephante = elephant [el ef unt] Tix [tēē T’uq [t- ook] = gallina = chicken [chik un] Tz’i’ [dz- ēē-] ēē-] = perro = perro = dog [dawg] Tz’ikin [dz- eek ēēn] ēēn] = pajaro = pajaro = = bird [burd] conejo = rabbit [rab it] Umul [oo mool] = conejo = mosquito = mosquito [mosk ēēt ēēt ōō] ōō] Us [oos] = mosquito = vaca = cow [kaw] Wajkax [waw kosh] = vaca = [shik] = águila = águila = eagle [ēē gul] Xijk [shik]
Colors (Colores)
rojo = red [red] Kaq [kawk] = rojo = amarillo = yellow [yel ōō] ōō] Q’an [k- an] = amarillo = negro = black [blak] [blak] Q’aq [k- awk] = negro = verde = green [green] Rax [rawsh] = verde = Saq [sock] = blanco = blanco = white [wiit] Xaar [shar] = azul = = blue [bluu]
Numbers (Numeros)
hēēll ēē b- all] = numeración = numeración = numbers [num burs] Ajilib’al [aw hēē uno = one [wun] Jun [hoon] = uno = ēēh] = dos = dos = two [tuu] Ka’i [kaw- ēēh] [ō she-] = tres = tres = three [thrēē] [thrēē] Oxi’ [ō cuatro = four [for] Kaji’ [kaw he-] = cuatro = [hō- ōh] = cinco = cinco = five [fīī v] v] Jo’oo’ [hō = seis = = six [siks] Waaqii’ [wah key-] = seis = siete = = seven [sev un] Wuuquu’ [woo koo-] = siete ēē-] = ocho = [āāt] Waqxaquii ’ [wock shock ēē-] ocho = eight [āāt] B’elejee’ [b- ell eh hā hāy-] = nueve = nueve = nine [niin]
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John J. McGraw
Juan González Rocché
Lajuuj [law who] = diez = ten [ten] once = eleven [el ev un] Junlajuuj [hoon law who] = once = Kab’lajuuj [kawb- law who] = doce = doce = twelve [twelv] Oxlajuuj [ōsh law who] = trece = trece = thirteen [thur tēē tēēn] n] Kajlajuuj [kaw law who] = catorce = catorce = fourteen [for tēē tēēn] n] Jo’lajuuj [hō [hō- law who] = quince = quince = fifteen [fif tēē tēēn] n] dieciseis = sixteen [siks tēē tēēn] n] Waqlajuuj [wawk law who] = dieciseis = diecisiete = seventeen [sev en tēē tēēn] n] Wuqlajuuj [wook law who] = diecisiete = [ā tēē tēēn] n] Wajxaqlajuuj [waw shock law who] = dieciocho = eighteen [ā diecinueve = nineteen [nin tēē tēēn] n] B’elejlajuuj [b- ail ay law who] = diecinueve = veinte = twenty [twen tēē tēē]] Winaq/k ’al [key knock/k-awl] = veinte =
Ordinal Numbers (Numeros Ordinales)
āāy] = primero = primero = = first [furst] Najb’eey [nawb- āāy] Ruukaab ’ [rook awb-] = segundo = segundo = second [second] Roox [r ōsh] = tercero = third [thurd] Ruukaaj [rook aw] = cuarto = fourth [forth] Roo’ [row-] = quinto = fifth [fifth] = sexto = sixth [sixth] Ruwaqaaq [roo wawk awk] = sexto = séptimo = seventh [seventh] Ruwuuq [roo wook] = séptimo Ruwajxaaq [roo waw shock] = octavo = eighth [ā th] Rub’eleej [roob- ail ay] = noveno = ninth [nīnth] décimo = tenth [tenth] Lajuuj [law who] = décimo =
Verbs (Verbos)
= to want [tuu want] Ajob’eeneem [aw hoe- b- en em] = querer = = preguntar = = to ask [tuu [tuu lis un] Ak ’axaaneem [ock- osh en em] = preguntar banarse = to bathe [tuu lis un] Atineem [ock- osh en em] = banarse = āāy nam] = ir = = to go [tuu gōō gōō]] B’eenaam [b- āāy B’iinaq [b- ēēy ēēy knock] = decir = = to say [tuu sāā sāā]] B’ijneem [b- ēēy ēēy nem] = caminar = = to walk [tuu [tuu wawk] B’ixaaneem [b- ēēx ēēx aw nem] = cantar = = to sing [tuu sing] Ch’ajoneem [ock- osh en em] = lavar = = to wash [tuu lis un] = pegar = = to adhere [tuu ad hey ur] Ch’ayooneem [ch- eye own em] = pegar Choyooneem [choy own em] = cortar = to cut [tuu kut] = to turn off [tuu [tuu turn awf] Chupuuneem [choop oon em] = apagar = = to open [tuu ōōp en] Jaqooneem [hawk own em] = abrir = Kab’aaneem [kawp- awn em] = callerse = callerse = to shut up [tuu shut up] [kaw meek] = morir = to die [tuu dii] Kamik [kaw [k-aw mōh] = traer = to bring [tuu bring] K’amooj [k-aw = to look for [tuu luk for] Kanooneem [kawn own em] = buscar = = pasear = = to walk, to wander [tuu wawk / tuu won dur] K ’astaaneem [k- ost awn em] = pasear zēē n n em] = necesitar = = to need [tuu nid] K’atzineem [k- at zēē = to listen [tuu lis un] K’axaaneem [ock- osh en em] = escuchar = sōōh] = acabar = = to finish [tuu fin ish] K’isooj [k- ey sōōh]
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John J. McGraw
Juan González Rocché
em] = guardar = guardar = = to guard [tuu gard] K’olooneem [k- ōōl ōōn em] gōō tuu tuu Kotz’oleem [coats- oh lem] = acostar = to lie down, to go to sleep [tuu lii down / tuu gōō sleep] Kuchuuneem [kooch oon em] = cubrir = to cover [tuu kuv ur] = to ask for [tuu ask for] K ’utuuneem [k- oot oon em] = pedir = Loq’ooneem [low k- own em] = comprar = to buy [tuu bii] swēē p] Mesooj [mays oh] = barrer = to sweep [tuu swēē Mich’ooneem [mēē [mēēchch- own em] = arrancar = to extract [tuu eks trakt] Ookeem [oak em] = entrar = = to enter [tuu en tur] Oq’eej [oak- eh] = llorar = to cry [tuu cray] Otaqineem [oat awk ēēn ēēn em] = aprender = to learn [tuu] = prestar = = to lend [tuu lend] Qajooj [ka hoe] = prestar Q’ejtexik [k- ay taysh ik] = abrazar = = to hug [tuu hug] hēēn n em] = trabajar = = to work [tuu [tuu wurk] Samaajiineem [saw maw hēē Sik’ooj [sēēk - oh] = recoger = = to get [tuu rēēd] Sik’iineem [sēēk - ēēn em] = llamar = = to call [tuu rēēd] = to read [tuu rēēd] Sik’iineem [sēēk - ēēn em] = leer = = to clean [tuu klēē klēēn] n] Su’uuneem [soo- ooh nem] = limpiar = Taqooj [tock hoe] = enviar = to send [tuu send] [tēē-- hoe em] = ensenar = to teach [tuu tēēc tēēch] h] Ti’ jooneem jooneem [tēē [tēē hone riri - eel] = estudiar = to study [tuu stud ēē] ēē] Tijoonri’iil [tēē [tēēkohkoh- mean em] = sembrar = sembrar = to sow [sōō [sōō]] Tiko’miineem [tēē [dzēē -b- aw nem] = escribir = = to write [tuu lis en] Tz’ib’aaneem [dzēē -b[dzēē- hone em] = hablar = = to speak [tuu [tuu spēēk] spēēk] Tzijooneem [dzēē = to sit [tuu sit] Tz’ub’uleem [dz- oob- ool em] = sentar = Wa’iimeem [waw- ēēm ēēm em] = comer = = to eat [tuu ēēt] ēēt] = to sleep [tuu slēē slēē p] Waraameem [wah rawm em] = dormir = = to dance [tuu dans] Xajooj [shaw hoe] = bailar = = to give [tuu giv] Ya’ooneem [yaw- own em] = dar =
Adjectives (Adjetivos)
[awl] pesado = heavy [hev ēē] ēē] Aal [awl] pesado ēē-] duro = duro = hard [hard] Ach’i’y [awch- ēē-] Ajninaq [ah nēēn ock] = rápido = fast [fast] [b- ōle ōbōb- ēēk] ēēk] = cylindrico = cylindrico = cylindrical [sil end rik ul] B’olob’ik [b= poco = = a little, a bit [āā lit ul, āā bit] Ch’aap [ch- op] / Tz’iit [dz- eat] = poco lodo = mud [mud] Ch’ab’aq [ch- awb- awk] = lodo = Ch’ab’aq [ch- awb- awk] = mojado = mojado = wet [wet] Ch’ajch’oj [ch- awch- ōh] = limpio = limpio = clean, neat [klēēn, nēēt] Chak’achik [chawk [chawk- aw chēēk] chēēk] = delgado = delgado = skinny [skin ēē] Ch’am [ch- ahm] = ácido = ácido = sour [sow ur] Chaq’ [chalk-] = gordo = gordo = fat [fat] Chaq’ [chalk-] = cocido = cooked [fat] ēēh] = seco = seco = dry [dray] Chaqiij [chalk ēēh] [chōhm] = gordo = gordo = = fat [fat] Choom [chō Choq’aaq’ [chōhq[chōhq- awk-] = fuerte = strong [strong]
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John J. McGraw
Juan González Rocché
Ch’uch’uj [ch- ooch- ew] = suave = soft [soft] apestoso = smelly [smel ēē] Chuw [choof] = apestoso = [slōh]] Eqaal [eh kawl] = despacio = despacio = slow [slōh Itzeel [eats el] = feo, = feo, malo = malo = ugly, bad [ug lēē, bad] Jab’el [hawb- el] = bonito = pretty [pret ēē] ēē] Jiik [hēē [hēēk] k] = recto = straight [straat] K’aak’a [k- awk- ah] = nuevo = nuevo = new [nuu] K’ay [k- eye] = amargo = amargo = bitter [bit ur] K’ayew [k- eye ef] = difícil = = difficult [dif e kult] Ki’ [kēē-] [kēē-] = dulce, sabroso = sabroso = sweet, tasty [sweet, tāāst ēē] Ko’li [kōh[kōh- lee] = pequeño = pequeño = small [smal] K’olok’ik [k [k- ole oak- ēēk] ēēk] = esférico = spherical [sfer ik ul] Kow [kōaf] = duro = hard [hard] Kut [koot] = corto = short [short] [lo coal ēēk] ēēk] = torcido = twisted [twist ed] Lokolik [lo mucho = much [much] Maxko’ [mosh ko] = mucho = = sombreado = shady [shāā [shāā d dēē ēē]] Muuj [mooh] = sombreado Na’ooj [naw ōh] = inteligente = intelligent [en tel itch ent] [nēēm] m] = grande = grande = large, big [larj, big] Nim [nēē [nēēm] m] = alto = tall [tawl] Nim [nēē [nēēm m rawk awn] = tall (persona) = tall (person) [tawl] Nim raqan [nēē Nimalaj [nēē [nēēm m aw lawh] = muy grande = very large, very big [ver ēē larj, ēē larj, ver ēē big] ēē big] Nimako’l [nēēm [nēēm awk ōhōh - l] = mediano = medium [mēē [mēēd d ēē um] ēē um] Nojnaq [know knock] = lleno = full [full] Pa’pik [paw- pēē pēēk] k] = vertical = vertical [vur tik ul] pēēk] = inflado = inflated [in flāāt flāāt ed] ed] Ponopik [pown ōh pēēk] muy = very [ver ēē] Qas [kaws] = muy = Q’eq’ik [q [q- eq- ēēk] ēēk] = inclinado = slanted [slant ed] [robe- are ēēk] ēēk] = ovalado = oval [ōh [ōh vul] vul] Rob’arik [robelimpio = clean, neat [klēēn, nēēt] Saq [sawk] = limpio = [set es ēēk] ēēk] = redondo = round [rownd] Setesik [set [sēēk-] k-] = inválido = handicapped [noy sēē sēē]] Siik [sēē [sēēk-] k-] = ruidoso = noisy [noy sēē sēē]] Sik’ [sēē hēēk] = hinchado = swollen [swōh [swōh len] len] Sipojik [sip ōh hēēk] ēē] = vacio = empty [emp tēē tēē]] Talani [tall awn ēē] [tēēk k ēē tēēk] tēēk] = escarpado (bajando) = steep (going down) [stēēp [stēēp]] Tikitik [tēē lēē] = muy pequeno = very small [ver [ver ēē smawl] ēē smawl] Tikoli [tik ōh lēē] ōh- yēē yēē]] = pequeno = pequeno = small [smawl] Tino’y [tin ōhTz’iil [dz- ēēl] = sucio = sucio = = dirty [durt ēē] [dz- all aw dzēē dzēēk] k] = inclinado = slanted [slant ed] Tzalatzik [dzTz’aratz’ik [dz [dz- are rods- ēēk] ēēk] = aplastado = flattened [flat tend] amable = good, well, friendly [gud, wel, frind lēē] Utz [ootz] = bueno, bien, amable = Wuq’ub’ik [wooq- oob- ēēk] ēēk] = débil = = weak [wēēk] yēēk] = alargado = alargado = elongated [ēē long āāt ed] Yuquyik [yoo koo yēēk] = weak [wēēk] Yux [yoosh] = débil =
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John J. McGraw
Juan González Rocché
Prepositions/Conjunction Prepositions/Conjunctions/Adverbs s/Adverbs (Preposiciónes/Conjunciónes (Preposiciónes/Conjunciónes/Adverbios) /Adverbios)
Aq’a’ [alk- ah-] = noche = night [night] Achib’il [awtch ēēbēēb- ēēl] = accompanado, con = con = accompanied with, with [ak omp an ēēd with] Ajninaq [ah nēēn awk] = rápido = fast [fast] Aq’ab’iil [alk- awb- ēēl] = mañana = morning [morn ēēng] Chajniim [chah nēēm] = rápido = fast [fast] Chaqajalaal [chawk aw hall all] = de repente = suddenly [sud en lēē] = perhaps [pur haps] Chaqajalaal [chawk aw hall all] = tal vez = = of, around [uv, ar ownd] Chi [chēē] = de, alrededor = cielo = upwards, sky [up wurds, skay] Chi kaaj [chēē kaw] = arriba, cielo = Chi la’ [chēē law-] law-] = allá/por allá (lejos) = (lejos) = there, that way (far) [ther, that wāi] Chi le’ [chēē lay-] lay-] = allí/por allí = = there, that way [ther, that wāi] mañana = tomorrow [toom ar ōh] Chuwaaq [chew ock] = mañana = despacio = slowly [slō [slō lēē] Ejqaal [eh kawl] = despacio = abajo = under [und ur] Ikem [ēē kem] = abajo = [ēē we’re] = ayer = yesterday [yes tur dāā dāāy] y] Iiwiir [ēē pues = until, since, well [unt il, sins, wel] K’a [k-aw] = hasta, desde, pues = hoy = today [too dāi] Kaamiik [kaw mēēk] = hoy = Kee la’ [key law-] = allá/por allá (lejos) = (lejos) = there, that way (far) [ther, that wāi] Kee wa ri’ [key wah rēē] = allí/por allí = = there, that way [ther, that wāi] K’in [k- ēēn] = y = y = = and [and] K’iy [k- ēē] = mucho = mucho = much [mach] apenas = barely [bar lēē] Mariil [mar ēēl] = apenas = cerca = near [ney ur] Naqaaj [gnaw kaw] = cerca = lejos = far [far] Naat [not] = lejos = Nik’ajq’iij [nēēk - alk- ēēh] = medio día = noon [noon] [ōh wē] = o = or [or] Owi [ōh dentro = inside [en siid] Pa [paw] = dentro = [rēē-] = cercano = cercano = near, nearby [ner, ner bay] Ri’ [rēē-] Taqajq’iij [tock alk- ēēh] = tarde = afternoon [af tur noon] [tēē] = ito (diminutivo) (diminutivo) = y (diminutive) [ēē] Ti [tēē] = poco = = a bit [a bit] Tz’iit [tz- eat] = poco [wēēh- = atrás = atrás = behind [bēē haynd] Wiij [wēēh(desvalor) = pshaw, whatever [pshaw, wat ev ur] Xaxa [shaw shaw] = (desvalor) = [shay-] = abajo = abajo = below [bēē lōō] lōō] Xee’ [shay-]
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John J. McGraw
Juan González Rocché
Verb Conjugations (Conjugaciones de verbos) Present
Preterite
Future
voy = I go Ninb’e = voy =
= fui = = I went Xinb’e = fui
iré = I will go Xkinb’e na = iré =
vas = you go Natb’e = vas =
= fuiste = = you went Xatb’e = fuiste
irás = you will go Xkatb’e na = irás =
va = he goes Nb’e = va =
= fue = = he went Xb’e = fue
= irá = = he will go Xtib’e na = irá
vamos = we go Noqb’e = vamos =
= fuimos = = we went Xoqb’e = fuimos
iremos = we will go Xkojb’e na = iremos =
Nixb’e = van = you go
= fueron = = you went Xixb’e = fueron
irán = you will go Xkixb’e na = irán =
Neeb’e Neeb’e = van = van = they go
Xeeb’e Xeeb’e = fueron = fueron = = they went
irán = they will go Xkeb’e na = irán =
Present
Preterite
Future
como = I am eating Ninwa’i = como =
= I ate Xinwa’i = comí =
comeré = I will eat Xkinwa’ na = comeré =
comes = you are eating Natwa’i = comes =
comiste = you ate Xatwa’i = comiste =
comerás = you will eat Xkatwa’ na = comerás =
come = he is eating Nwa’i = come =
comió = he ate Xwa’i = comió =
= comerá = = he will eat Xtiwa’ Xtiwa’ na = comerá
comimos = we are eating Xoqwa’i = comimos = comimos = we ate Noqwa’i = comimos =
comeremos = we will eat Xkojwa’ na = comeremos =
Nixwa’i = comen = you are eating
comieron = you ate Xixwa’i = comieron =
comirán = you will eat Xkixwa’ na = comirán =
comen = they are eating Newa’i = comen =
comieron = they ate Xwa’i = comieron =
comirán = they will eat Xkewa’ na = comirán =
Present
Preterite
Future
digo = I say Nb’iij Nb’iij = digo =
dije = I said Xinb’iij = dije =
diré = I will say Xtinb’iij na = diré =
dices = you say Nab’iij = dices =
dijiste = you said Xab’iij = dijiste =
dirás = you will say Xtab’iij na = dirás =
dice = he says Nb’iij = dice =
dijo = he said Xb’iij = dijo =
= dirá = = he will say Xtib’iij na = dirá
Nab’iij = decimos = decimos = we say
dijimos = we said Xqab’iij = dijimos =
diremos = we will say Xtiqab’iij na = diremos =
Neb’iij = dicen = you say
dijeron = you said Xeb’iij Xeb’iij = dijeron =
dirán = you will say Xteb’iij na = dirán =
dicen = they say Nkib’iij = dicen =
dijeron = they said Xkib’iij = dijeron =
dirán = they will say Xtikib’iij na = dirán =
Present
Preterite
Future
Ninsik ’ini llamo = I say ’ini = llamo =
dije = I said Xinb’iij = dije =
diré = I will say Xtinb’iij na = diré =
dices = you say Natsik’ini = dices =
dijiste = you said Xab’iij = dijiste =
dirás = you will say Xtab’iij na = dirás =
dice = he says Nsik’ini = dice =
llamo = he said Xsikini = llamo =
= dirá = = he will say Xtisik’in na Xtisik’in na = dirá
decimos = we say Nojsik’ini = decimos =
dijimos = we said Xqab’iij = dijimos =
diremos = we will say Xtiqab’iij na = diremos =
Nixsik’ini = dicen = you say
dijeron = you said Xixsik’ini = dijeron =
dirán = you will say Xteb’iij na = dirán =
dicen = they say Nesik’ini = dicen =
dijeron = they said Xesik’ini = dijeron =
dirán = they will say Xtikib’iij na = dirán =
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John J. McGraw
Juan González Rocché
Present
Preterite
Future
Ninwari = duermo = duermo = I am sleeping
Xinwari = dormí = = I slept
Xkinwar na = dormiré = dormiré = I will sleep
duermes = you are asleep Natwari = duermes =
dormiste = you slept Xatwari = dormiste =
dormirás = you will sleep Xkatwar na = dormirás =
duerme = he is asleep Nwari = duerme =
durmió = he slept Xwari = durmió =
= dormirá = = he will sleep Xtiwar na = dormirá
dormimos = we are asleep Xoqwari = dormimos = dormimos = we slept Xkojwar na = dormiremos = dormiremos = we will sleep Noqwari = dormimos = Nixwari = duermen = you are asleep
durmieron = you slept Xkixwar na = dormirán = dormirán = you will sleep Xixwari = durmieron =
Newari = duermen = duermen = they are asleep
Xewari = durmieron = durmieron = they slept Xkewar na = dormirán = dormirán = they will sleep
Present
Preterite
Future
bailo = I dance Ninxajowi = bailo =
baile = I danced Xinxajowi = baile =
bailaré = I will dance Xkinxajo na = bailaré =
bailas = you dance Natxajowi = bailas =
bailaste = you danced Xatxajowi = bailaste =
bailarás = you will dance Xkatxajo na = bailarás =
Nxajowi = baile = baile = he dance
Xajowi = bailo = bailo = he danced
Xtixajo na = bailará = bailará = = he will dance
bailamos = we dance Nojxajowi = bailamos =
bailamos = we danced Xojxajowi = bailamos =
bailaremos = we will dance Xkojxajo na = bailaremos =
Nix’xajowi = bailan = you dance
Xix’xajowi = bailaron = bailaron = you danced Xkix’xajo na bailarán = you will dance Xkix’xajo na = bailarán =
bailan = they dance Nexajowi = bailan =
bailaron = they danced Xexajowi = bailaron =
Present
Preterite
bailarán = they will dance Xkexajo na = bailarán =
Future
= presto = = I lend Ninqajooni = presto
= presté = = I lent Xinqajooni = presté
= prestaré = = I will lend Xkinqajon na = prestaré
Natqajooni = prestas = prestas = = you lend
Xatqajooni = prestaste = prestaste = = you lent
Xkatqajon na = prestarás = prestarás = = you will lend
= presta = = he lends Nqajooni = presta
= prestó = = he lent Xqajooni = prestó
= prestará = = he will lend Xtiqajon na = prestará
= prestamos = = we lend Xojqajooni = prestamos = prestamos = = we lent Nojqajooni = prestamos
= prestaremos = = we will lend Xkojqajon na = prestaremos
Nixqajooni = prestan = prestan = you lend
Xixqajooni = prestaron = prestaron = = you lent
Xkixqajon na = prestarán = prestarán = = you will lend
= prestan = = they lend Neqajooni = prestan
= prestaron = = they lent Xeqajooni = prestaron
= prestarán = = they will lend Xkeqajon na = prestarán
Present
Preterite
Future
traigo = I bring Nink’am to Nink’am to = traigo =
trajé = I brought Xink’am to Xink’am to = trajé =
Xtink’am Xtink’am to to na = traeré = traeré = I will bring
traes = you bring Natk’am to Natk’am to = traes =
trajiste = you brought Xak’am to Xak’am to = trajiste =
traerás = you will bring Xtak’am to Xtak’am to na = traerás =
trae = he brings Nk’am to Nk’am to = trae =
trajó = he brought Xk’am to Xk’am to = trajó =
= traerá = = he will bring Xtik’am to Xtik’am to na = traerá
traemos = we bring Xqak’am to trajimos = we brought Nqak’am to Nqak’am to = traemos = Xqak’am to = trajimos =
traeremos = we will bring Xtiqak’am to Xtiqak’am to na = traeremos =
Nek’am to Nek’am to = traen = you bring
trajeron = you brought Xek’am to Xek’am to = trajeron =
traerán = you will bring Xtek’am to Xtek’am to na = traerán =
traen = they bring Nekek’am to Nekek’am to = traen =
trajeron = they brought Xtikek’am to traerán = they will bring Xkek’am to Xkek’am to = trajeron = Xtikek’am to na = traerán =
14
John J. McGraw
Juan González Rocché
Present
Preterite
Future
compro = I am buying Ninloq’ooni Ninloq’ooni = compro =
compré = I bought Xinloq’ooni Xinloq’ooni = compré =
compraré = I will buy Xkinloq’on na = compraré =
compras = you are buying Natloq’ooni Natloq’ooni = compras =
compraste = you bought Xatloq’ooni Xatloq’ooni = compraste =
comprarás = you will buy Xkatloq’on na = comprarás =
compra = he is buying Nloq’ooni Nloq’ooni = compra =
compró = he bought Xloq’ooni Xloq’ooni = compró =
= comprará = = he will buy Xtiloq’on na = comprará
compramos = we are buying Xojloq’ooni compramos = we bought Nojloq’ooni Nojloq’ooni = compramos = Xojloq’ooni = compramos =
compraremos = we will buy Xkojloq’on na = compraremos =
Nixloq’ooni Nixloq’ooni = compran = you are buying
compraron = you bought Xixloq’ooni Xixloq’o oni = compraron =
comprarán = you will buy Xkixloq’on na = comprarán =
compran = they are buying Neloq’ooni Neloq’ooni = compran =
compraron = they bought Xeloq’ooni Xeloq’ooni = compraron =
comprarán = they will buy Xkeloq’on na = comprarán =
Present
Preterite
Future
baño = I bathe Ninatiini = me baño =
bañé = I bathed Xinatiini = me bañé =
bañaré = I will bathe Xkinatin na = me bañaré =
bañas = you bathe Natatiini = te bañas =
bañaste = you bathed Xatatiini = te bañaste =
bañarás = you will bathe Xkatatin na = te bañarás =
Natiini = se = se baña = he bathes
Xatiini = se = se bañó = bañó = he bathed
Xti[atin na = se = se bañará = bañará = he will bathe
bañamos = we bathe Nojatiini = nos bañamos =
bañamos = we bathed Xkojatin na = nos bañaremos = bañaremos = we will bathe Xojatiini = nos bañamos =
Nixatiini = se = se bañan = you bathe
Xixatiini = se = se bañaron = bañaron = you bathed
Xkixatin na = se = se bañarán = bañarán = you will bathe
= se bañan = bañan = they bathe Neatiini = se
= se bañaron = bañaron = they bathed Xeatiini = se
= se bañarán = bañarán = they will bathe Xkeatin na = se
Present
Preterite
Future
lloro = I cry Ninooq’i Ninooq’i = lloro =
lloré = I cried Xinooq’i Xinooq’i = lloré =
lloraré = I will cry Xkinoq’ na = lloraré =
Natooq’i Natooq’i = lloras = lloras = you cry
Xatooq’i Xatooq’i = lloraste = lloraste = you cried
llorarás = you will cry Xkatoq’ na = llorarás =
llora = he cries Nooq’i Nooq’i = llora =
lloró = he cried Xooq’i Xooq’i = lloró =
= llorará = = he will cry Xti’oq’ Xti’oq’ na = llorará
lloramos = we cry Nojooq’i Nojooq’i = lloramos =
lloramos = we cried Xoqooq’i Xoqooq’i = lloramos =
lloraremos = we will cry Xkojoq’ na = lloraremos =
Nixooq’i Nixooq’i = lloran = you cry
Xixooq’i Xixooq’i = lloraron = lloraron = you cried
llorarán = you will cry Xkixoq’ na = llorarán =
lloran = they cry Ne’ Ne’ooq’i ooq’i = lloran =
lloraron = they cried Xe’ Xe’ooq’i ooq’i = lloraron =
llorarán = they will cry Xke’oq’ Xke’oq’ na = llorarán =
Present
Preterite
Future
Ninsamaji = trabajo = trabajo = I am working
Xinsamaji = trabajé = I worked
Xkinsamaj na = trabajaré = trabajaré = I will work
Natsamaji = trabajas = trabajas = you are working
Xatsamaji = trabajaste = trabajaste = you worked Xkatsamaj na = trabajarás = trabajarás = you will work
trabaja = he is working Nsamaji = trabaja =
trabajó = he worked Xsamaji = trabajó =
= trabajará = = he will work Xkesamaj na = trabajará
Nojsamaji = trabajamos = trabajamos = we are working Xojsamaji = trabajamos = trabajamos = we worked Xkojsamaj na = trabajaremos = trabajaremos = we will work Nixsamaji = trabajan = you are working
trabajaron = you worked Xkixsamaj na = trabajarán = trabajarán = you will work Xixsamaji = trabajaron =
trabajan = they are working Nesamaji = trabajan =
trabajaron = they worked Xkesamaj na = trabajarán = trabajarán = they will work Xesamaji = trabajaron =
15
John J. McGraw
Juan González Rocché
Present
Preterite
Future
camino = I am walking Ninb’iini Ninb’iini = camino =
Xinb’iini Xinb’iini = caminé = I walked
caminaré = I will walk Xkinb’iin Xkinb’iin na = caminaré =
caminas = you are walking Natb’iini Natb’iini = caminas =
caminaste = you walked Xatb’iini Xatb’iini = caminaste =
caminarás = you will walk Xkatb’iin Xkatb’iin na = caminarás =
camina = he is walking Nb’iini Nb’iini = camina =
caminó = he walked Xb’iini Xb’iini = caminó =
= caminará = = he will walk Xtib’iin Xtib’iin na = caminará
caminamos = we are walking Nojb’iini Nojb’iini = caminamos =
caminamos = we walked Xojb’iini Xojb’iini = caminamos =
caminaremos = we will walk Xkojb’iin Xkojb’iin na = caminaremos =
Nixb’i Nixb’iini ini = caminan = you are walking
caminaron = you walked Xixb’iini Xixb’iini = caminaron =
caminarán = you will walk Xkixb’iin Xkixb’iin na = caminarán =
caminan = they are walking Neb’iini Neb’iini = caminan =
caminaron = they walked Xeb’iini Xeb’iini = caminaron =
caminarán = they will walk Xkeb’iin Xkeb’iin na = caminarán =
Present
Preterite
Future
regreso = I return Ninmeloji = regreso =
regresé = I returned Xinmeloji = regresé =
regresaré = I will return Xkinmeloj na = regresaré =
regresas = you return Natmeloji = regresas =
regresaste = you returned Xatmeloji = regresaste =
regresarás = you will return Xkatmeloj na = regresarás =
Nmeloji = regresa = regresa = he returns
Xmeloji = regresó = regresó = he returned
Xtimeloj na = regresará = regresará = = he will return
regresamos = we return Nojmeloji = regresamos =
regresamos = we returned Xojmeloji = regresamos =
regresaremos = we will return Xkojmeloj na = regresaremos =
Nixmeloji = regresan = you return
Xixmeloji = regresaron = regresaron = you returned
Xkixmeloj na = regresarán = regresarán = you will return
regresan = they return Nemeloji = regresan =
regresaron = they returned Xemeloji = regresaron =
regresarán = they will return Xkemeloj na = regresarán =
Present
Preterite
Future
barro = I sweep Ninmesooni = barro =
= I swept Xinmesooni = barrí =
barreré = I will sweep Xkinmeson na = barreré =
Natmesooni = barres = barres = you sweep
Xatmesooni = barriste = barriste = you swept
Xkatmeson na = barrerás = barrerás = you will sweep
barre = he sweeps Nmesooni = barre =
barrió = he swept Xmesooni = barrió =
= barrerá = = he will sweep Xtimeson na = barrerá
barremos = we sweep Noqmesooni = barremos =
barremos = we swept Xoqmesooni = barremos =
barreremos = we will sweep Xkomeson na = barreremos =
Nixmesooni = barren = you sweep
Xixmesooni= barrieron = barrieron = you swept
Xkixmeson na = barrerán = barrerán = they will sweep
barren = they sweep Nemesooni = barren =
barrieron = you swept Xemesooni = barrieron =
barrerán = they will sweep Xkemeson na = barrerán =
Present
Preterite
Future
Nwotaqiij = apriendo = apriendo = I study
Xinwotaqiij = regresé = regresé = I returned
Xkinmeloj na = regresaré = regresaré = I will return
Nawotaqiij = aprendes = aprendes = you return
Xawotaqiij = regresaste = regresaste = you returned
Xkatmeloj na = regresarás = regresarás = you will return
aprende = he returns Nrotaqiij = aprende =
regresó = he returned Xrotaqiij = regresó =
= regresará = = he will return Xrotaqiij na = regresará
Nqotaqiij = aprendemos = aprendemos = we return
Xqotaqiij = regresamos = regresamos = we returned
Xkojmeloj na = regresaremos = regresaremos = we will return
Newotaqiij = aprenden = you return
regresaron = you returned Xewotaqiij = regresaron =
regresarán = you will return Xkewotaqiij na = regresarán =
aprenden = they return Nkotaqiij = aprenden =
regresaron = they returned Xkotaqiij = regresaron =
regresarán = they will return Xkemeloj na = regresarán =
16
John J. McGraw
Present
Juan González Rocché
Preterite
Future
Nintijooni’ = enseno = I teacn
Xinmesooni = barrí = = I swept
Xkinmeson na = barreré = barreré = I will sweep
barres = you sweep Natijooni’ = barres =
barriste = you swept Xatmesooni = barriste =
barrerás = you will sweep Xkatmeson na = barrerás =
barre = he sweeps Ntijooni = barre =
barrió = he swept Xmesooni = barrió =
= barrerá = = he will sweep Xtimeson na = barrerá
barremos = we sweep Noqtijooni = barremos =
barremos = we swept Xoqmesooni = barremos =
ensenaremos = we will sweep Xkojtijoon na = ensenaremos =
Nixtijooni = barren = you sweep
barrieron = you swept Xixmesooni= barrieron =
barrerán = they will sweep Xkixmeson na = barrerán =
Netijooni = barren = barren = they sweep
Xemesooni = barrieron = barrieron = you swept
Xkemeson na = barrerán = barrerán = they will sweep
Present
Preterite
Future
Ninajoni’ = quiero = I teacn
= I swept Xinmesooni = barrí =
barreré = I will sweep Xkinjo’ na = barreré =
quieres = you sweep Natajoni’ = quieres =
barriste = you swept Xatmesooni = barriste =
barrerás = you will sweep Xkatmeson na = barrerás =
Nnajoni = quiere = quiere = he sweeps
Xajoni = barrió = barrió = he swept
Xtimeson na = barrerá = barrerá = = he will sweep
queremos = we sweep Noqojoni = queremos =
barremos = we swept Xoqojoni = barremos =
ensenaremos = we will sweep Xkojtijoon na = ensenaremos =
Nixojoni = quieren = you sweep
Xixojoni= barrieron = barrieron = you swept
Xkixmeson na = barrerán = barrerán = they will sweep
quieren = they sweep Ne’ojoni = quieren =
barrieron = you swept Xe’ojoni = barrieron =
barrerán = they will sweep Xkejo’ na = barrerán =
Additional Resources (Recursos Adicionales)
Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala o http://www.almg.org.gt/ Website of San Pedro La Laguna o http://www.tzununya.com Website of John J. McGraw o http://www.johnjmcgraw.com Tradición Oral Maya (lots of great books to download) o http://www.oralidadmaya.info/ Ajpub’ Pablo García Ixmatá discussing “los nahuales y la engendración” in Tz’utujil o http://goo.gl/ckvhSB Ajpub’ Pablo García Ixmatá presenting Ixmatá presenting basic basic phrases phrases in Spanish Spanish and Tz’utujil o http://goo.gl/mYjfAm Short video reviewing some of the basic phrases in Spanish and Tz’utujil o http://goo.gl/Ox3Oei A movie about the life of Jesus dubbed in Tz’utujil o http://goo.gl/6ZKFna Facebook stories “El “ El Biliotecario” Biliotecario ” in Spanish and Tz’utujil with English subtitles o http://goo.gl/pMHlhF
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