Chapter 1
Introduction to Digital Electronic Elect ronic Switch OCB -283 (R24)
Meaning of OCB-283 O: Organ C: Control B: Bharsion (Version B) 2: 2nd generation 83: Alcatel microproc essor 8300. Introduction: OCB 283 is digital switching system which supports a variety of communication need lik e basic tele phony, ISDN, interface to mobile communication, data communication etc, This system has b een develop ed by CIT ALCATEL of Franc e and ther efor e has many similarities to its pr edecessor E-10 B [also known as OCB 181 in France]. The language of OCB-283 is CHILL The first OCB283 exchanges R11 version wer e commissioned in Br est [France]. And Beijing [China] in 1991.The first OCB 283 came India in 1993.Subsequently, the syst em has b een upgraded and curr ent version is R24 which was fully validated in January 2003.The exchange which ar e now b eing working in the BSNL/MTNL t elecom network ar e of R24 version. R25 version is under development and soon will be validated
Salient features of the system (Including R24) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6
7
8. 9
10. 11.
12.
13. 14.
It is a digital switching system with single ¶T¶ stage switch. A maximum of 2048 PCMs can be connected. It supports both analogue and digital subscribers. The system supports all the existing signaling systems d ecadic, MFR2, CAS and CCS#7 signaling system. It provides tele phony, ISDN, Data, communication cellular radio and other value added services The system has µautomatic r ecovery µ f eatur e. Wh en a serious fault occurs in a control unit, it gives a message to SMM [O&M unit]. The SMM puts this unit out of service, loads the softwar e of this unit in a back up unit and brings it into service. Diagnostic programmes ar e run on the faulty unit and the diagnostic is printed on a terminal. OCB 283 has a double r emoting facility subscribers access unit CSND can be placed at a r emote place & connected to the main exchange, through PCM link. Further, line concentrators can also be placed at a r emote location & Connected to the CSNL or CSND through PCMS. This special f eatur e can meet entir e range of necessities viz. urb semi urban and rural. Various units of OCB 283 system ar e connected over tok en rings (IEE 802.5 Standard]. This enabl es fast exchange of information and avoids complicated links and wiring b etween various units. The charge accounts of subscrib ers ar e automatically saved in the disk, once in a day. This avoids loss of r evenue in case of total power supply/ bty failur es. The traffic handling capacity of the syst em is huge .It can handle 8,00.000BHCA And 25000 Erlangs of traffic. D e pending on the traffic, a maximum of 2,00,000 subscribers or 60,000 ccts [or trade off b etween these two] can be connected. The exchange can be managed either, locally or from an NMC throug h 64 KB/S link. All the control units ar e implemented on the same type of hardwar e. This is called a station. equir ement of processing capacity, softwar e of eith er one or several control De p ending on the r eq units can be located on the same station. For all these control unit, only one back up station is provided, enabling automatic r ecovery in cas e of fault. equir ed for The OCB 283 system is made up of only 35 types of cards. This excludes the cards r eq CSN. Becaus e of this, the numb ers of spar e cards, to be k e pt for maintenance, ar e drastically r educed. The syst em has modular structur e. The ex pansion can be very easily carried out by adding necessary hardwar e & softwar e. The SMMs [O&M units ]ar e duplicated .with one active other hot standby in case of faults, switch over tak e place automatically. Mor eover, as discs ar e connected to both SMMs, ther e is no necessity of changing cables from one system to another.
15.
ee .it has huge memory capacity of 12 The hard disk is very small in size, compact maintenance fr ee 12 Giga bytes. The detail billing data ar e r egularly saved in the disk itself, from wher e th ey can be transf err ed to magnetic tape for processing. equir ement is very small. No s e parate room is r eq equir ed for OMC. The space r eq Ther e is no fi xed or rigid rack and suit configuration in the system. It provides gr eat flexibility and adjustment in the availabl e space. equir ements of the system ar e very fl exibl e. False floor and ceiling ar e not The environment r eq ess ential. Air-conditioning r eq equir ement ar e also not stringent. The syst em can work at temperatur es 5 µto 45.¶C. though opti mum temperatur es is 22¶C. ex and anonymous call r e jection and New subscriber facilities ar e add ed in R24 lik e Centr ex announcement befor e dial tone. Call filtering and call gaping facility is ther e.
16. 17. 18.
19. 20. The
next generation switch from Alcatel is 1000 MM E10
The
objectives of Alcatel 1000 MM E10 are Multi processor station for call control (up t o 8M BHCA) ATM Matrix (16384 PCMs) UMTS Transcoder ATM inter working unit PCM over SDH-STM1 interface Echo canceller in pool With softwar e r euse (E10-OCB-283) services) Unix servers New packaging NGN compatibility (ATM) R eady for MGC evolution (IP)
y y y y y y y y y y y
Capacity of Alcatel 1000 MM E10 BHCA 8 Million Traffic > 200,000 Erlang NB termination up to 16,384 PCM BB termination up to 256 STM1 Subscribers 255,000 Curr ently (Target > 500,000) y y y y y
Operation & Maintenance Units and Peripherals. In an Electronic Stor ed Program Control Digital Exchange lik e OCB 283, all operation and maintenance activities ar e performed by a unit called O&M unit or OMC [operation & maintenance center ]. This provides access for man machine dialogues for the human operators to interact and command the working of exchange equipment.
System Architecture An OCB 283 exchange comprises following hardware units. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Subscriber Access units Trunks and junction connection units. Switching matrix Auxiliary equipments Control units Time bas e generator Operation & mtce unit Communication multiplexes
[CSNL, CSND, CSED] [SMT] [SMX] [SMA]. [SMC]. [STS} [SMM] [MIS & MAS Tok en rings],
Contents of Logical Disks DL0 DL1 DL2 DL8 DL9 DL10 DL11 DL24 DL25 DL27 DL28 DL31
Configuration File +CS BOARD, BOOT, EXEC. RTOS Softwar e SMMA. RTOS Softwar e SMMB. SSOM Softwar e SMMA. SSOM Softwar e SMMB. AES /SOP. LOCAVAR Softwar e SSM. CTILAS-CTI PRM SMMFIL-DATA, YFDT (220Mb), YOFA (50Mb) . Import/ Ex port Transf er File. (DGMA ar ea=4239blocks i.e. 8.28 Mb) Other Application. PMO.
Fig.1 General Architecture of OCB -283. The subscrib er connection units CSN, SMTs, & SMAs ar e connected to switching network through PCM links. The interchang e of messages between SMT, SMX; SMA and control units SMCs tak es place on MAS tok en rings. The control units interchange messages with one another and with SMM on MIS tok en rings.
The SMM is the O&M function unit &is duplicated as SMMA & SMMB. These work in pilot/standby mode. The SMCs ar e the units which hold control functions MR, TX, MQ, PC, GX, These functional units ar e in softwar e form and ar e duplicated exce pt MR which can be mor e than two. The duplicated functions work in Load sharing mode [exce pt PC which works in pilot/standby mode] hence SMCs can be minimum 2 & maximum 32 as per design. The SMA stations hold the ETA & PURE functions &these ar e also minimum 2 to maxi.32. SMT station which is the interface for the external PCMs is made of duplicated hardwar e and can handle 128 PCMs . The SMT¶s hardwar e is fully duplicated and functions P/R mode.
Block diagram of OCB-283
E
L
SMX D
MA
MT
M A L
MAS RING
M
M
MIS RING
CV MM
PCWAM
Console
M
The brief description of these units is as follows.
Switching Network The switching network in OCB 283 is single µT¶ Stage system. It is made of o Host switching Matrix Branch selection amplification [SAB] function o Host switching matrix consists of two identical branches A & B. Th e host-switching Matrix is impl ement ed on the hardwar e units known Matrix Control stations [SMX]. Each host-switching matrix can have up to 2048 incoming PCM links [LRE] and 256 outgoing links LRS. Out of 2048 incoming links only 256 link ar e dir ectly coming from this Matrix control station. The r emaining links ar e coming from the other s even SMXs. In full configuration, the host-switching matrix is 2048 x 2048 matrix. This illustrated in fig.5 .A matrix control station can establish connection between any TS on 2048 LRE to any TS on 256 LRS. Similarly, almost switching matrix can establish connection between any TS on 2048 LRE and any TS on 2048 LRS. Thr ee standby configurations with 256 LRs, 1024 LRs and 2048 LRs ar e available. The Matrix control station is built around a processor, which implements sw machine. MLCOM functions, to establish & br eak connections between time slots. It also carries out two-way communication with other units in the system over MAS rings. Time
Switch Concept
The time switch comprises of A SPEECH B UFFER MEMORY, A CONTROL MEMORY, AN INCIMING HIGHWAY OF DIGITAL SPEECH IN PARALLEL BITS & AN O U TGOING HIGHWAY as shown in the diagram below. This is a INPUT ASSOCIATED CONTROLLED TIME SWITCH. In this switch the BUFFER MEMORY & CONTROL MEMORY ar e controlled write type i.e. writing in it is controlled. The control function writes in the control memory at the location corr esponding to the INCOMING TIME SLOT N UMBER the location wher e it should be written in the Buff er me mory. Both these me mori es ar e sequential r ead type. R eading of control memory gives the addr ess in Buff er Memory for writing the INCOMING TS BYTE. And thus r eading of Buff er me mory sequentially the TS will b e r ead from the location given by the control memory. Thus a one-way TIME switching has tak en place. Similarly a both way switching r equir es two s ets of such switches.
Duplicated Switching The switching is done in OCB-293 in two fully duplicated branches simultaneously. For this purpose from each connection units the LR links originate in two parallel branches towards two parallel sets of switching matrices called SMX A & SMXD the branch es of such network ar e called A&B branches. Also the r eceiv e side LR links come from both the SMXs A&B and ar e terminated on the r esp ective connection units.[r ef er to as UR in figur e below].The duplicated branches of switching have been designed to provide high r eliability of switching path for such divers purposes as DATA SWITCHING , VIDEO CONFERENCE ,ISDN APPLICATIONS etc. With the duplicated path of switching if their error in on path the other path that is good can b e used continuously without interrupting the call in progr ess.
SAB Function. The connection units have th eir internal duplicated hardwar e, which is called CONTROL LOGIC, which work in PILOT/RESER VE arrangement. also they have non duplicated hard war es such as subscriber cards and PCM termination cards. The duplicated LRs originate from a function in connection units called SAB-Selection and amplification of branches. Its rol e is to generate two sets of LRs in trans dir ection with calculation of parity etc. In r eceiv e dir ection it gets data from both the branches, which it checks, for parity etc. And compar es to detect any error in the two branches. In case of error the sampl es from only the good branch ar e tak en after automatic testing of the q uality of transmission of both the branches by the common control & the faulty branch is withdrawn from the service. The connection units µLR links ar e foamed
1. Subscriber Access Units [CSN]
Subscriber connection units [CSN] ar e so designed that the y can be equipped with either analogue or digital subscriber or both. The card for analogue and digital subscriber ar e diff er ent, but can be equipped in any slot. of the sh elf CSN can b e either placed in the exchange switch room or at a r emote location. Further, subscrib er card shelf known as concentrator can also be placed at the rack or at a r emote location. These f eatur es provide gr eat flexibility to meet any type of r equir ement of dense or spars e connection densities. De pending on their location, CSN is known as CSNL or CSND and the subscrib er shelf is known as local or r emote concentrator. CNL or CNE The CSNL is connected to switching matrix [SMX] through a minimum of 1 GLR or a maximum of 2 GLRs. [Group of 8 LR is call ed as a GLR and each LR is a PCM link having 32 time slots] The CSND is connected to SMT rack through a minimum of 2 PCM and maximum of 16 PCMs CSED of E-10B system can also b e connected to an SMT.
Out of 48 LRIs a ma ximum of 42 LRIs can b e used to connect conc entration to SMX. 42 for CN from 6 to 47 3 for GTA from 2 to 4 2 for TCCS from 0 and 1 1 not us ed 5 Total 48 LRIs Maximum 19 CSL and ma ximum 20 CNEs ICNE allows 42 PCMs for 20 CNE GTA is always conc entrator numb er 20 i. e. GTA= CN20. y
Dialogue with CSN: -The massage interchang es b etween CSN and control units tak e place on common signaling channel using local version of CCS#7 SIGNALLING. Th e CSN is so designed that it can be connected to any switch supporting CCS# 7.
2. Trunk and Junction Connection Unit [SM T] General Architecture of SMT This is also known as PCM trunk control station. This unit is an inter face between PCM junction coming from other exchange [for CSND, CSEDs and th e switch. The curr ent v ersion of SMT b eing supplied to India is SMT 2 G In each SMT 2G, ther e ar e 8 modules and in each module ther e ar e 16 PCMs. Thus ther e ar e 128 PCMs, in a single SMT 2G. SMT 2G is built around microprocessor 68030 SMT 2G consists of duplicated processing subsystem. SMT A and SMT B, which ar e connected through internal link LISM. Both of them ar e connected to PCM inter face as w ell as to MAS tok en rings. PCMs ar e connected to PCM interfaces, which, ar e not duplicated. SMT 2G is connected to SMX A and SMX B through 128 PCMs, which ar e connected to SAB branch A, and SAB branch B. Speech samples ar e sent on both the branches from SMX, but one, which is b etter, is selected and connected to the concerned PCM TS by SMT. The SAB Function [branch selection and amplification] is also not duplicated. Out of the two processing logics, SMT A and SMT B, one r emains active and other standby. In case of fault in active logic, automatic switch over tak es place providing an uninterrupted service. Also LOCAVAR is activated on the faulty logic and the diagnostic is printed on a terminal for the information of the maint enance staff.
PCM is through Internal loop & external br eak Both side loop Internal br eak & external loop
ICTRQ
SMT-A 0
4
8
12
1
5
9
13
2 3
6 7
10 11
14 15
223
221
219
217
222
220
218
216
SMT-B
Functions The softwar e MLURM is loaded on SMT to perform functions of a PCM controller. The functions performed on receive sideConverts HDB3code to binary. o o Extracts channel associated signaling. Manages CCS 7 message carri ed on TS 16. o o Cross-connects a channel on PCM to a TS on LR
The functions performed on transmit sideo Converts binary code to HDB-3 [line] cod e. o Injects channel associated signaling. o Massage CCS 7 massage on TS 16. o Cross-connects a TS on LR to channel on PCM
3. Switching matrix [SMX] Switching Matrix System (CCX) Role of the CCX: The switching Matrix system establishes interconnections of time-domain channels for local subscribers digital access units (CSNLs) and the Trunk Control and auxiliary equipment control stations: In general the switching Matrix System carri es out: o
o
connection between any incoming channel (VE) and any outgoing channel (VS). Ther e can be as many simultaneous connections as ther e ar e outgoing channels, Connection between any incoming channel and any M outgoing channels. Unidir ectional
o
Connection of N incoming channels belonging to the same frame structur e of any multiplex to N outgoing channels, which b elong to the same frame structur e, abiding by the integrity and the sequencing of the frame, r eceiv ed. This function is r ef e rr ed to as ³ N x 64 Kbit/s connection ³.
A bi-dir ectional connection between an A end (calling party) and a B end (called party) tak es place in the form of two unidir ectional connections. The switching Matrix System thus ensur es: o
o o
Switching between auxiliary equipment and speech channels for voice fr equency signaling operations Simultaneous distribution of tones and r ecorded announcements to mor e than one outgoing channels. Permanent switching of channels, which support data links or semaphor e links between circuit and circuit or between circuit and auxiliary equipment control Station.
Switching Matrix System organization (CCX) The Switching Matrix System pools: - The Host switching Matrix: 16 bit switching, including 3 r eserved. Matrix of 2048 x 2048 matrix links with one time ±domain stage, 64 matrix links equipment modularity, - The Branch Selection function: Selection, Amplification, Interface of connection stations (CSNL, SMT, SMA.) Time distribution interface, - Matrix links: 4 Mbit/s rate, 8-matrix links connection modularity. All duplicated (branch conce pt) y y y
y y y y
y y
Operation of Switching Matrix System: Connections ar e established in both branches. Selection of the active branch for a Time slot (TS) is carri ed out by comparing the outgoing time slots of each branch y y
y
Supervision of the unit is carried out by the connections management softwar e machine (Matrix System Handler GX).
Host Switching Matrix (MCX)
The Host Switching Matrix is made up of two branches, A and B, and from the hardwar e point of View, is made up of Matrix Control Stations(SMX). A branch of the Host switching Matrix contains from 1 to 8 Matrix control Stations. Each Matrix Control Station r eceiv es a tripled time base signals (8 MHz and frame Synchronization) coming from STS and following majority choice distributes information to the exchange and to the Matrix link Interfaces (ILR). Each Matrix Control Station handles 256 incoming matrix links and 256 outgoing matrix Links within its network liaison interfaces (ILR). On output from the incoming side ILR, The LCXE links of homologous numb ers ar e multiplied on the same position of all the Matrix Control Stations. Each time-domain matrix is capable of handling the switching any time slot of the 2048 incoming matrix links, to any timeslot of its 256 outgoing Matrix links. Matrix Control Station (SMX) Each SMX includes A Multiplex Coupler (CMP), which p ermits two-way communication on MAS ring and performs o the ³processor´ function for the Matrix Switch Controller Softwar e Machine (ML COM). o A coupler to the time domain matrix, Matrix Link Interfaces (ILR) for a ma ximum of 256 incoming matrix links and 256 outgoing o matri x links, A time-domain matrix of ma ximum capacity of 2048 incoming matrix links and 256 outgoing o matri x links.
Ther e ar e 3 types of board: - Main Multiples Coupler (CMP ACAJA, ACAJB) - Matrix Coupler RCMP
4. Auxiliary Equipments Control Station [SMA] The SMA contains following two functional units (1) ETA & (2) PUPE ETA The ETA contains following sub components a. Fr equency r eceiv er/generators b. Conf er ence call circuits c. Tone generators The fr equency r eceiv ers / generators r ecognizes the digits dialed through DTMF instrument & also the MF (R2) signals r eceiv ed on junctions. They also generate th e various fr equenci es r equir ed for MF (R2) signaling and testing etc. The conf er ence ccts ar e used to set up connection between a maximum of 4 subscrib ers These 4 subscribers can holds conf er ence on the tele phone i.e they can talk to each other. Tone generators generate various tones r equir ed to be connected during call processing. These tones ar e dial tone, Busy tone, ring back tone, processing tone etc. PUPE The PUPE performs level 2 and part of level 3-function s for CCITT no.7 signaling. The r est of the level 3 functions performed by PC. The arr ears the various functions performed by PUPE ar e as below. Transmit
side 1.) It sends µflag¶ and µcheck bit¶ in the HDLC frame while transmitting CCS7 messages. It also inserts zeros, when ther e ar e mor e than 5 consecutive ones (1S) in th e message. 2.) PUPE sends µfill in signal units µ (FISU) automatically, when ther e ar e no messages to be sent. 3.) PUPE also sends µlink status signal units¶ (LISU) when commanded.. 4.) It r e-transmits a signal unit on r eceipt of negative acknowledgement. Receive side 1) On r eceipt of CCS7 signaling messages ,it eliminates zeros which wer e ins erted after fiv e consecutive Ones (1S) . 2) It detects the flag and also computes the checksum and compar es th em with check bits. If these two match , it sends positive acknowledgement otherwis e it sends a negative acknowledgement. 3) It eliminates¶ fill in signal units¶ as the y do not carry any information.
Implementation of ETA and PUPE on SMA Either ETA or P UPE or both can be implement ed on the same SMA. When both ar e impl emented on the same SMA, MLPUPE (Logic machine PUPE i.e. PUPE softwar e) is loaded on the principal processor (PUP) and MLETA is loaded on secondary processor (PUS) When only PUPE is impl emented on SMA, it is loaded on PUP and when only ETA is implemented, it is loaded on PUS. Only first two ETAs have tone generators. CCFs and RGFs ar e provided as p er r equir ements. The PCB used is common for RGF, CCF and Tone generators, only the softwar e is diff er ent. When no CCF or tone generator is r equir ed, an ETA can have a maximum of 96 RGFs. An SMA is connected to SMX by 8 LR links. The following table illustrates the capacity & modularity of SMA.
SMA Units equipped with ETA alone PUPE alone ETA & PURE both
Capacity 96 RGF 64 CCS 7 Chann els 64 RGFs/32 CCS 7 Chann els
Min & Max No. 2 to 32 2 to 15 2 to 15
5. Station control unit (SMC) Since all the control units lik e MR, MQ, TX, TR, etc and SMA ar e implement ed on a common typ e of hardwar e architectur e, known as station, it is worthwhile to understand the architectur e and conce pts of stations. A station is built around a multi processor station bus µBSM¶ .One or mor e processor and one or mor e intelligent couplers can b e connected to this bus. They interchange data through the common me mory. The principal or main processor is connected to common memory through a 32 bit private bus, apart from through BSM. All the processors ar e Motorola 68020 processors and operate at 15.6 MHz. clock. Multi processor station bus BSM is a 16-bit bus, which operates at 44.8 Mbs. A block schematic of a station is shown in the figur e 5. Ther e can be one principal processor (PUP) and 4 s econdary processors (PUS) in a station. Similarly, ther e can be main coupler (CMP) and up to 4 secondary couplers (CMS). Sp ecific couplers can b e equipped for specific purposes. A station can function as MR, TR or any other unit than particular softwar e is loaded in the station. De pending on traffic and processing r equir ements, softwar e of either on e or s everal functional units can be loaded in the same station. Also, de pending on the above r equir ements, a functional unit can be impl ement ed on principal or secondary processor and on main or secondary coupler. To p ermit co-habitation of many softwar e machines on the same station, basic softwar e known as hyper visor is provided on the station. Another softwar e, known as supervisor provides communications and loading facilities. The station is generally known as SMC.
Implementation of control functions on SMC stations Ther e ar e six common control functions in a OCB-283 the following list illustrates their minimum and maximum numbers.
S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Name of Unit MR TR TX MQ PC GX
Minimum 2 2 2 2 2 2
Maximum 7 2 2 2 2 2
They ar e known as LOGICAL MACHINES in softwar e form. These logical machines µML¶ ar e impl ement ed on the hardwar e of SMC (Station) by loading suitable softwar e on it. An SMC can support any one or many MLs or functions in defined combinations. Accordingly de p ending upon exchange configurations & traffic r equir ement ther e can be minimum TWO SMCs r equir ed & maximum number of SMC can b e 32 but no mor e than 15 ar e needed. The r equir ed number of SMCs is decided by planners & manufactur ers based upon traffic data. In addition to this , ther e is a provision of one µback up SMC station¶. This back up station is not loaded with any softwar e. Whenever, any SMC b ecomes faulty, it sends message to SMM .The SMM blocks this unit and informs all control units r egarding non-availability of this unit. SMM then loads the softwar e of all the functional
units on the back up stations and brings it into service. Thus, ther e is automatic r ecovery. SMM also runs diagnostic program on the faulty station and puts diagnostics on a terminal.
Fig SMC Station Configurations Functional configuration and general organization of control software According to the numb er of equipped SMC the ocb-283 switching exchange is standardized through 8 possible configurations as per following table. Configuration
R23/R24
P1 P2 M1 M3 G1 G2 G3 G4
2 SMC 3 SMC 5 SMC 7 SMC 9 SMC 10 SMC 13 SMC 14 SMC
Capacity in CA/s (Call attempt per sec.) 48 48 96 144 192 240 288 336
Calculation of BHCA
For 7 SMC Configuration Call Att empt Per Second Is 144 Multiply this with 3600,which will give you BHCA i.e BHCA=144 x 3600 = 518400 Rated traffic=Capacity * 0.7/2 +10% of previous calculation
Configuration is chosen on the basis of Processing power to be off er ed in CA/s Number of calls supervision contexts r equir ed (Process ed by MR) Number of call charging contexts r equir ed (Process ed by TX) y y y
Functions of various common control software of SMC Functional Software machines y y y y y y y y y
MLMR MLTR MLTX MLMQ MLGX MLPC MLCC MLGS MLAN
Call handler SETUP & RELEASE OF CALLS Translation of digit Databank of subs & circuits in files. Call charging and circuit/subscriber observation distribution of messages b etween common control & communication. Units. Process es& mak e connections in switching matrix on the orders from MR or MQ. CCS#7 network controller Call controller (setup and r elease of call with mobile subscriber) Serv er management (mobile subscrib er only). Access N etwork interface softwar e for V5.2
1. Multi register (MLMR) The MR establishes and r ealizes the calls .It talks r eal time decisions for processing of a call. The MR also consults TR to find out subscribers entitlements and stor es digits dialed by subscriber. It also orders for connections and disconnections of various tones and subscribers. In addition to call processing functions, MR also carries out testing, of ccts and observation functions. y y y y y y y
R ecognizing subscriber off hook and on hook conditions or circuit seizur es. R eceiving, storing and analyzing the dialing information from a subscriber or circuit. Forwarding the dialing information. Controlling in the host-switching matrix. Connections and disconnections. Controlling transmission of various signals and tones. Communications with MLTR Communication with MLTX.
2. Translator (MLTR) The TR stor es exchange database in its memory .On r equest, it tells MR the characteristics and entitlements of subscribers and ccts. The TR also stor es routine and analysis data. It converts (or translat es) the r eceiv ed digits into equipments number of the called subscribers.
3. Charging unit (MLTX) As the name suggests, the TX carri es out charging for each communications set up. Also k ee ps charge accounts of all subscribers. The TX also pr e par es and sends details billing messages to SMM. In addition, it also carries out subscribers and ccts observation functions.
4. Marker (MLMQ) The mark er carri es out messages b etween common control functions MLs and connection units for subscribers or ccts. It also acts as µgate¶ for messages, which pass from on e communication domain to another. The MQ also sup ervises semi permanent connections in the net works.
5. Matrix systems handler (MLGX) The GX monitors the connections in the switching network and in case of fault, carri es out appropriate def ence functions. It also periodically or on r equest monitors internal links in the switching network.
6. CCS7 controller (MLPC) The PC carri es out µ routine & traffic¶ manag ement functions (part of level 3 functions) for CCITT No.7 signaling. It also carries out the def ence of PUPE, i.e. if a PUPE develops fault, it is automatically block ed, the semi permanent link is r econfigur ed and the standby PUPE it brought in service. Th e PC also carri es out observation functions.
7. MLCC (Call controller software machine) MLCC plays an important role in call handling for radio tele phone access. MLCC is made up of- a main component - 1. System functions. - Calling, time delays, contexts and initialization. - Message pr e processing. - System process ed: routing, r egulation, de bugging, def e nce. - 2.. application process es. - Main positioning. - Observation. - Operation/ maintenance block. - Management. - A s econdary component capable of b eing n- plicated on n agents and having the sam e structur e as the main component.
General organization of control software Mor e pr ecisely a control station supports the following softwar e subsets An op erating system th e HYPER VISOR which controls access to hardwar e, allocation of r esources to softwar e, communication between stations etc. A variable number of softwar e package called softwar e machine (ML) of two typ es. 1. One or mor e softwar e machines called functional or application MLs each handling a tele phone function of the system. 2. A softwar e machine called MLSM controlling station operation i.e. communication, loading, initialization, def ence etc. y
y
The HYPER VISOR & MLSM installed on all control station form the station¶s SYSTEM SOFTWARE. However a given functional ML is installed according to the configuration r equir ements. Hypervisor
The HYPER VISOR is the station¶s operating system. As well as allowing each ML to be ind e pendent of its physical location, is also enables MLs with diff er ent function, to co-exist on the same processor or on several processors of the same SM. It off ers the following services. Time management y
y y y y y
Communication Timers Access to files Interrupt¶s handling Observation (time consumed by ML)
Functional Software machines MLMR/ TR/ TX/ MQ/ GX/ PC/ CC/ GS
y
Component of a functional ML It can consist of one or mor e execution units called COMPONENTS and installed on diff er ent active agents. A component is ther efor e a subset of a ML running on al particular processor. A component executes a sequence of individual actions, each action activating a service. These services ar e placed in sequence by the SEPER VISOR forming the operation system of the component.
Supervisor provides. y y y y y
Activation or deactivation of service. Standard services available to application: periodic task management Process es handler Management of r eturned hypervisor mode Time and event counting for load observation purposes.
MLSM Main component installed on the main multiplex coupler CMP of the station Secondary component installed on each of the active ag ents of the station (PUP, PUS) Main component MLSM handles loading and initialization of the MLSM and of the functional softwar e machines, positioning of the station, updating of status files, local def ence and control of observation functions and acts as de bugging aid. Secondary components handles loading and initialization of the ag ent, its def ence and observation functions. MLSM off ers the functional MLs declaration, softwar e positioning and softwar e fault processing functions.
6. Time base Generator [STS] Role of Synchronization and
Time
Base Station
The Synchronization and Time Base Station incorporates 3 functions: External Synchronization Interface (HIS) clocks Tripled Time Base (BTT) Alarms. y y y
Synchronization and Time Base Station Architecture The Synchronization and Time Base Station includes: A Tripled Synchronizations Time Base (BTT) and is made-up of thr ee RCHOR boards and distributes the time signals necessary to the Connection Network Stations of the ALCATEL E 10B OCB 283 system lik e SMX, SMA, SMC etc. An External Synchronization Interface (HIS) and mad e up of RCHIS boards and which can be duplicated (0 to 2 boards) and extracts clocks r etrieved from PCMs coming from SMT. The Synchronization unit can r eceiv e 4 PCM clock. y
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PCM designated for external synchronization are AMET=223-1-4 LSR0 AMET=223-2-4 LSR1 AMET=223-3-4 LSR2 AMET=223-4-4 LSR3 LSR, which is blinking, indicates the external synchronization link used to synchronize the RCHIS board RCHIS board must be tak en out when V1 switch is down and can be inserted when V1 switch in center position. RCHIS board tak es 24 hours to stabilize and if an external sync fault occurs during this period the stabilization process starts again.
Connector wiring for external synchronization (rear side of rack) Left Side st
1 pin is to be Earth Wir e. 2nd & 4th pin ar e to be LOOP. y y y y y
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Right Side st
1 pin (IN OF WTR) IF RED WIRE. 3rd pin ( OUT OF WTR) IF BL UE WIRE.
Single Pair Cable should be used for wiring to connector. Plug in both Connector on slot 84 and 110 on r ear side. Then R emove RCHIS Card of slot 110 by k ee ping V1 switch down and k ee p it out R eset the RCHIS Card of slot 84. Wait for five to six hours for synchronization. LX Lamp of card slot 84 is blinking. Wher eas others L0, L1, L2, L3 ar e r emaining steady. At this time the Status is now D4 LAMP is Gr een and after synchronization D3 LAMP will be GREEN of slot 84. Now insert RCHIS card of slot 110 and r eset it. Wait For 5 to 6 hours. The final status of lamp will be LX Lamp blinks wher eas others L0, L1, L2, L3 ar e steady.
RCHIS board
ON BLINKING
: HIS ALARM o
D1
o
D2
o
D3
o
D4
: HIS alarm : HIS alarm by taking out of s ervice Manually or for minor fault
ON:
No External Synchronization
ON:
Synchronization on LSR x
ON:
Synchronization on LSRi
D3/D4 Blinking: Ext ernal calibration
o
es et Momentarily U p : R Middle : Normal Operation Down : Manually Disabled
V1
AR
ON: Quick locking stat e
LX
ON: LSRX input Operational
L3
ON: LSR3 input Operational
AMET= 1-4-4
L2
ON: LSR2 input Operational
AMET= 1-3-4
L1
ON: LSR1 input Operational
AMET= 1-2-4
L0
ON: LSR0 input Operational
AMET= 1-1-4
Features in R25 software version of OCB-283 y
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CLI de pendent routing on a sp ecified trunk group (CCS#7 signaling): This f eatur e is used to choos e a rout e bas ed on the CLI (digit) r eceived Routing bas ed on ³calling line category´ (CCS#7 signaling): Th e routing of the calls at Tandem and TAX ar e decided on the basis of subscrib er cat egory r eceived through signaling. Carrier Pr e-selection. Announc ement to calling subscriber, making a call to subscriber in call waiting. Announc ement on r egistration of password or chang e of password (in plac e of acc e ptance tone). Variable ringing duration for call forwarding on No-R e ply per subscriber basis: Any subscriber whos e line has the ³call forwarding on no-r e ply´ supplementary s ervic e. It is possible to choos e ³no-r e ply timeout´. Subscriber can modify th e ³no-r e ply timeout´ by using a s e parate acc ess code followed by the duration in s econds. CDR for t erminating calls Call forwarding to fi xed numb er and MWI (M essage Waiting Indication): This facility can be used by subscrib er to forward the calls to a voic e mail s ervic e. The forwarding numb er, which is fi xed in this cas e, can only b e changed through op erator commands. Subscriber can only activat e or deactivate this facility. Suppr ession of A5 aft er A4.
Now abov e f eatur es ar e briefly described as follows. 1. CLI dependent routing. Her e TYPE=20 routing is us ed @ACHCR: @ACH=xx, TYPE=20, STY=CLI, ACM=1-[TRAD-1 ]+[ACHx]-[TRAD]+1-[TRAD+1]<16; @PRECR: @PREA=10, PRE= xx, TRAD=yy, RCE=1, RCA=1; @ARCMO: ARCH=XATR,FICH=FIPAM,NUM=33,NOMS=XR052X,CHSI=PREALI -10,AF=ALL; ARCH=XATR,FICH=FIPAM,NUM=69,NOMS=XR052X,CHSI=MXIDR-15,AF=ALL; ARCH=XATR,FICH=FIOIDR,NUME=0,NUMA=2,CHSI=ZDR1-1,AF=ALL; ARCH=XATR,FICH=FIOIDR,NUME=0,NUMA=3,CHSI=ZDR1-2,AF=ALL; ARCH=XATR,FICH=FIOIDR,NUME=6,NUMA=2,CHSI=ZDR1-1,AF=ALL; ARCH=XATR,FICH=FIOIDR,NUME=6,NUMA=3,CHSI=ZDR1-2,AF=ALL; 2. CLC dependent routing Her e TYPE=20 routing is us ed @ACHCR: @ACH=xx, TYPE=20, STY=CATDR, ACM=1 -1<[index-1]+[ACHx]-[index]+1-[index+1]<255;
Wher e
index=[operator category]+1
@ARCMO: ARCH=XATR,FICH=FIPAM,NUM=43,NOMS=XRA527,CHSI=MXCDR-254,AF=ALL; @ARCIN:
ARCH=XATR,FICH=FIAF,NUM=1221,FORM=AUT; ARCH=XATR,FICH=FIOCDR,NUM=
,FORM=EDN; 3.
Variable
ringing timer for call forwarding on no reply
@ACHCR: @ACH=Ax, TYPE=16, CAR=TYFA006+TYPU011; Her e TYPU=4 (Check), 5(Enable), 6(Disable), 11 (Modify timer) @INDCR: IND=xxx, TRAD=3, ACHN=Ax -,«. @ABOMO: ND=xx, CAT=R VFT+R VFO+RFNR,«
4. Fixed forwarding and MWI (Message Waiting Indication)
To play announc ement @ARCMO: ARCH=XATR,FICH=FIPAM,N UM=39,NOMS=XRA523,CHSI=TFLADM-,AF=ALL; Announcement duration @ARCMO: ARCH=XATR,FICH=FIPAM,N UM=37,NOMS=XRA521,CHSI=TARAC -,AF=ALL;
5. Carrier Preselection Ther e ar e four methods of carri er sections. a. Per call basis by dialing acc ess code and carri er code. b. Carrier pr es election by cat egory assignment to the subscriber. c. Carrier selection by default carrier declaration. d. Transit Network S election (TNS) @ARCMO: ARCH=XATR,FICH=FIPAM,N UM=60,NOMS=XRA520,CHSI=PRET-11,AF=ALL; ARCH=XATR,FICH=FIPAM,N UM=52,NOMS=XRA52G,CHSI=NBSTR -2,AF=ALL; ARCH=XATR,FICH=FIPAM,N UM=52,NOMS=XRA52G,CHSI=NT9 -2,AF=ALL; ARCH=XATR,FICH=FIPAM,N UM=50,NOMS=XRA52E,CHSI=NTRA09 -9,AF=ALL; ARCH=XATR,FICH=FIPAM,NUM=38,NOMS=XRA522,CHSI=NARM-1,AF=ALL; For default carrier code (45) declaration. @ARCMO: ARCH=XATR,FICH=FIPAM,N UM=52,NOMS=XRA52G,CHSI=TRDA4 -5+TRDA3-4,AF=ALL;
6. Announcement for SRC facility acceptance @ARCMO: ARCH=XATR,FICH=FIPAM,N UM=34,NOMS=XR052Y,CHSI=VFA-1,AF=ALL;
@RNVMO: RNV=95, ACHB=; 7. Announcement to call waiting Announcement for 30 seconds @ARCMO: ARCH=XATR,FICH=FIPAM,N UM=39,NOMS=XRA523,CHSI=TFLIAI -,AF=ALL;
Announcement if s econd call is not answer ed within 30 seconds. @ARCMO: ARCH=XATR,FICH=FIPAM,N UM=60,NOMS=XRA520,CHSI=TFLIAI -,AF=ALL;
8. CDR for termination calls
@ABOMO: ND=xx, CAT=DEA;
