INTRODUCTION
Until the early 1980s, Government-run hospitals and those operated by charitable organizations were the main providers of subsidized healthcare. However, the last two decades have seen the mushrooming of corporate of corporate and privately run hospitals. The corporate hospital sector is most evolved in the south while charitable/trust hospitals proliferate in the west. However, the north and east are also showing a growing trend in private hospital expansion. Previously hospitals were set up as charitable institutions to take care of the sick and the poor. Today it¶s a place place of diagnosis diagnosis and treatment of human human ills, for for the training research, promoting health care activities and to some extent a center helping biosocial research.
World Health Organization (WHO) states that hospitals are socio-medical organization whose functions are: y
Curative,
y
Preventive,
y
Patient services and
y
Training of health workers in biosocial re search.
India¶s healthcare sector has made impressive strides in recent years. With time the classes and quality of hospitals have changed a lot today.
Most hospitals
today are trying to provide all ultra facilities and are in the process of making state of the art hospitals. hospitals . Hospitals provide the infrastructure facility to healthcare.
Earlier hospitals were thinking inline of prolonging the duration of
patient¶s stay. Nowadays they are going for a higher patient turnover turnover ratio. A hospital offers considerable advantages advantages to both patient and societ y. A number of health problems require intensive medical treatment and personal care, which normally can¶t be available in a patient¶s home or in the clinic of the doctor. This is possible only in a hospital where a large number of professionally and technically skilled people apply their their knowledge and skill with the help of world class expertise, advanced sophisticated equipment and appliances.
The excellence of hospital services depends on how well the human and material resources are utilized to promote patient care. The hospital is not an entity in itself. Today, the hospital is a place for the diagnosis and treatment of human ills and restoration of health and well being of temporarily deprived patients. The first and the foremost function of a hospital is to give proper care to the sick and injured without having social, economic and racial discrimination. However, the hospitals must perform many more things in addition to the patient care. The education and training of doctors and nurses, support to medical research and assistance to all activities carried out by public health and voluntary agencies to prevent diseases and further to promote health attitude are some of the important services of modern hospitals. The essential function of the hospital in the Indian context is to cater to very large masses of people by providing comfortable conditions for various users. This necessitates creation of a system which encompasses patients, doctors and nurses in a synergetic totality. The applications of mark eting strategies insist on the development of product or services of the hospitals against the background of changing environmental conditions. Hospital planning in the Indian condition reflects
requirements
management
of
and
hospitals
comforts diverts
of
one¶s
Indian
masses.
attention
development of the product in the Indian environment.
on
the
The
marketing
planning
and
TYPES
OF HO SPITALS
CLASSIFICATION ON
THE
BASIS OF OBJECTIVES
Hospital
Teaching
cum
General
Research
Teaching-cum-Research
Hospital
Special
Hospital
Hospitals:
These hospitals are teaching based. They are found engaged in advancing knowledge, promoting the research activities and training the medics. As for example, Medical
All-India
Education
Medical
Institute,
New Delhi,
Post-Graduate
and Research Institute, Chandigarh, etc.
General Hospitals : The general hospitals also offer teaching and research facilities but these objectives are secondary. The main objectiv e in the general hospitals is to provide medical care. As for example, different medical colleges and district and sub divisional hospitals like DY Special
Patil
Medical College.
Hospitals :
The main objective of special hospital is to provide
specialized medical
services. These hospitals concentrate on a particular organ of the body or a particular
disease.
For
eg.
The
Asian
Heart
Hospital,
Mumbai.
CLASSIFICATION ON
T HE
BASIS OF OWNER SHIP
Hospital
Government
Semi-
Voluntary
Government
Private Charitable
Hos ital
Hos ital
Government Hospitals:
These hospitals are fully owned managed and controlled by the government. They are mainly involved in healing the needy and providing healthcare to everyone at very affordable rates. Semi-Government
Hospitals:
These hospitals are partly owned by government. Time to time government assistance is provided to these hospitals may in the form of finance.
Voluntary Agencies:
There are some hospitals which are run and are in control of voluntary organizations they can be of any form i.e. may be general hospitals or special hospitals or even teaching institutes.
Private
Charitable:
These private charitable hospitals are owned and controlled by the charitable organizations, which are private. For e.g. Ramakrishna Mission Hospital, Mumbai.
CLASSIFICATI ON ON
THE
BASIS OF M EDICINE
HOSPITALS
ALLOPATHY
AYURVEDIC
UNANI
HOMEOPATHY OTHERS
CLASSIFICATI ON ON
THE
BASIS OF
SIZE
Hospital
Teaching
District
Tehsil/Taluka/
Primary Health
Subdivisional
Hospitals can also be classified on the basis of their size. There are variations in the size of the hospitals.
As such, the teaching hospitals generally have 500 beds, which can be increased according to the number of students.
The district hospitals generally have 200 beds, which can be raised to 300 depending on population.
The teshil / taluk / sub-divisional hospitals generally have 50 beds that can be raised to 100 depending on population.
The primary health centers generally have 6 beds that can be raised to 10 beds.
