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Android Microcontroller Project Kit (https://electrosome.com/electronicsandroid projectkit/) A Stepper Motor is a brushless, synchronous DC Motor. It has many applications in the field of robotics and mechatronics. The total rotation of the motor is divided into steps. The angle of a single step is known as the stepper angle of the motor. There are two types of stepper motors (https://electrosome.com/steppermotor/)
Unipolar
and
Bipolar. Due to the ease of operation unipolar stepper motor is commonly used by electronics hobbyists. For more details please read the article Stepper Motor or Step Motor
(https://electrosome.com/wp (https://electrosome.com/steppermotor/). Stepper Motors content/uploads/2012/06/Stepper can be easily interfaced with a microcontroller using driver Motor.jpg) ICs such as L293D (https://electrosome.com/l293d Stepper Motor quadruplehalfhdcmotordriver/)
or
ULN2003
(https://electrosome.com/uln2003highvoltagecurrent driver/).
Driving Unipolar Stepper Motor with 8051
(https://electrosome.com/stepper motor/)
Unipolar stepper motors can be used in three modes namely the Wave Drive, Full Drive and Half Drive mode. Each drive have its own advantages and disadvantages, thus we should choose the required drive according to the application and power consumption.
Wave Drive In this mode only one electromagnet is energized at a time. Generated torque will be less when compared (https://electrosome.com/wp content/uploads/2012/06/Unipolar StepperMotorWindings.jpg)
to
full
drive
in
which
two
electromagnets are energized at a time but power consumption is reduced. It has same number of steps as in the full drive. This drive is preferred when power consumption is more
Unipolar Stepper Motor Windings
important than torque. It is rarely used. Wave Drive Stepping Sequence Step
A
B
C
D
1
1
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
4
0
0
0
1
Full Drive In this mode two electromagnets are energized at a time, so the torque generated will be larger when compared to Wave Drive. This drive is commonly used than others. Power consumption will be higher than other modes.
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Full Drive Stepping Sequence Step
A
B
C
D
1
1
1
0
0
2
0
1
1
0
3
0
0
1
1
4
1
0
0
1
Half Drive In this mode alternatively one and two electromagnets are energized, so it is a combination of Wave and Full drives. This mode is commonly used to increase the angular resolution of the motor but the torque will be less, about 70% at its half step position. We can see that the angular resolution doubles when using Half Drive. Half Drive Stepping Sequence Step
A
B
C
D
1
1
0
0
0
2
1
1
0
0
3
0
1
0
0
4
0
1
1
0
5
0
0
1
0
6
0
0
1
1
7
0
0
0
1
8
1
0
0
1
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Now we will see how to implement these drives.
Interfacing Using L293D
(https://electrosome.com/wpcontent/uploads/2013/05/InterfacingUnipolarStepperMotor with8051usingL293D.jpg) Interfacing Unipolar Stepper Motor with 8051 using L293D
This is the circuit diagram of driving a bipolar stepper motor using 8051 microcontroller using L293D. 24MHz crystal is connected to provide the required clock for the microcontroller. 10μF capacitor and 10KΩ is used to provide Power On Reset (POR) for the 8051 microcontroller. L293D is connected to pins P2.0, P2.1, P2.2, P2.3 of the microcontroller and two pairs of L293D are enabled by tieing EN1, EN2 to 5V. Logic Voltage (5V) is connected to Vss pin and Motor Supply (12V) is connected to the Vs pin of L293D. Center Tap of each windings of stepper motor is shorted and connected to the motor supply. Now we can energize each winding of the motor by making corresponding pin of L293D LOW.
Interfacing Using ULN2003
(https://electrosome.com/wpcontent/uploads/2013/05/InterfacingUnipolarStepperMotor with8051usingULN2003.jpg) Interfacing Unipolar Stepper Motor with 8051 using ULN2003
In this circuit instead of L293D, ULN2003 is used. Working is similar to the previous circuit, when an input (say 1B) is HIGH corresponding output pin (1C) will be grounded. Thus we can energize any winding of stepper motor.
Keil C Code For Wave Drive
#include
#include void delay(int); void main() { do { P2=0x01; //0001 delay(1000); P2=0x02; //0010 delay(1000); P2=0x04; //0100 delay(1000); P2=0x08; //1000 delay(1000); } while(1); } void delay(int k) { int i,j; for(i=0;i
Keil C Code for Full Drive
#include #include void delay(int); void main() { do { P2 = 0x03; //0011 (https://electrosome.com) delay(1000); P2 = 0x06; //0110 delay(1000); P2 = 0x0C; //1100 delay(1000); P2 = 0x09; //1001 delay(1000); } while(1); } void delay(int k) { int i,j; for(i=0;i
Keil C Code for Half Drive
(https://electrosome.com/cart/)
#include #include void delay(int); void main() { do { P2=0x01; //0001 delay(1000); P2=0x03; //0011 delay(1000); P2=0x02; //0010 delay(1000); P2=0x06; //0110 delay(1000); P2=0x04; //0100 delay(1000); P2=0x0C; //1100 delay(1000); P2=0x08; //1000 delay(1000); P2=0x09; //1001 delay(1000); } while(1); } void delay(int k) { int i,j; for(i=0;i
You can simplify these codes using the shift (<< >>) operators in C.
Interfacing Bipolar Stepper Motor Bipolar stepper motors have no center tap and having equal coil resistances. It can be easily interfaced with a microcontroller using L293D DC Motor Driver IC.
Circuit Diagram
(https://electrosome.com/wpcontent/uploads/2013/05/InterfacingBipolarStepperMotorwith 8051usingL293D.jpg) Interfacing Bipolar Stepper Motor with 8051 using L293D
Keil C Code
#include #include void delay(int); void main() { do { P2=0x01; //0001 delay(1000); P2=0x04; //0100 delay(1000); P2=0x02; //0010 delay(1000); P2=0x08; //1000 delay(1000); }while(1); } void delay(int k) { int i,j; for(i=0;i
You can download Keil C files and Proteus files here… Interfacing Stepper Motor with 8051 using Keil C (https://electrosome.com/wp content/uploads/2013/05/InterfacingStepperMotorwith8051usingKeilC.zip)
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Join the discussion… fariq izwan • 2 years ago
i want to put 4 push button as start,stop,clockwise and anticlokwise. but i got some problem how to trigger the pin to ensure that stepper motor follow the push button. if using dc motor it more simple just in1=0 and in2=0 to stop the motor and vice versa.can u give some idea?? thank you.
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Harsh > fariq izwan • 5 months ago
You can easily manage using Microcontroller programming
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காᾟ俊ኢதி룳ᝑக傐ணா ேவ聆ராஜᯓ톅 • 2 years ago
please send me the program for 3steps per revolution in a stepper motor using 8051 and l293d 1 △
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Karan • a year ago
Can anyone help me to drive this bipolar motor through external switch?
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chandra dheeraj • 2 years ago
i used the the same circuit with l293d and 8051 and i used similar program for full drive. but i didn't get the rotation,the motor is just vibrating or it just deflects a couple of degrees,i have tried all 24 combinations of inputs to motor thinking that the motor position and the program should synchronize,but it didn't solve.
what might be the problem??
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febronia • 2 years ago
i want to interface synchronous motor with 89c51.. what type of driver circuit should be used for runnig a synchronous motor..
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Rohan • 2 years ago
Hw big a stepper motor can be used with uln2003
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Ligo George
Mod > Rohan •
2 years ago
It depends upon the current rating of motor...I think ULN2003 can drive upto 1A... so maximum current limit of motor is 1A.. 1 △
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Rabindra Maharana > Ligo George • 2 years ago
thanks
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