Unit 1 Language summar summary Vocabulary Nouns actor athlete birthday bow brother cafeteria character chemistry city class classmate club English family (best) friend future greeting hobby identity member name opinion parents person semester sister student survey
teacher tradition university vacation year
Adjectives Possessives
Greetings bow fist bump handshake hug kiss (on the cheek) pat (on the back)
Pronouns Subject pronouns I you he she it we they
Titles Miss Mr. Mrs.
my your his her its our their
Other adventurous athletic average beautiful big boring common cool creative exciting famous favorite friendly good good-looking interesting negative nerdy
new next nice old-fashioned ordinary particular plain (un)popular positive recent same serious shy typical unusual
Adverbs Responses
Articles
at (10:00/City College) from (Seoul/South Korea) in (the morning/the same class) on (my way way to. . . )
a an the
Verbs agree am are has interview is love spell
no yes
Other actually here (over) there not now really/too/very (+ adjective) surprisingly
Prepositions
Conjunctions and but or
Expressions Saying hello Good morning. Hi. Hey. Hello. How are you?/How’s it going? (I’m) fine, thanks. Pretty good. OK. What’s up?
Saying good-bye Bye. Good-bye. Good night. Have a good day. See you later. See you tomorrow. Talk to you later. T-148
Exchanging personal information What’s your name? I’m. . . /My name is. . . What’s your first/last name? It’s. . . What are your hobbies? My hobbies are. . . When’s your birthday? It’s. . . What’s. . . like? He’s/She’s/It’s. . . What are. . . like? They’re. . . Where are you from? I’m/We’re from. . .
Language summaries
Introducing someone
Checking information
This is. . . /These are. . . Nice to meet you.
How do you spell. . . ? Sorry, what’s your name again? It’s. . . What do people call you? Everyone calls me. . . Please call me. . .
Asking about someone Who’s that? That’s. . . His/Her name is. . . Who are they? They’re. . . Their names are. . . and. . . Where’s your friend? He’s/She’s. . .
Thanking someone Thanks. Thank you.
Making suggestions Let’s. . .
Apologizing (I’m) sorry.
Agreeing OK. Sure. That’s right.
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Unit 2 Language summary Vocabulary Nouns Jobs/Professions accountant caregiver carpenter cashier chef dancer director dishwasher fitness instructor flight attendant mechanic musician nurse pilot receptionist reporter salesperson server singer team assistant tour guide tutor usher website designer
Types of jobs entertainment business food service office work travel industry
Workplaces airline
(computer/construction) company garage hospital newspaper office restaurant school (department/clothing) store university
Other allowance breakfast clothes country dinner drink experience fashion design food heaven house job music passenger patient phone schedule snack thing time work
Adjectives bad better
busy different difficult expensive fantastic fast favorite full-time great part-time similar worse worst
study take (care of) teach wake up watch work (in an office/ for an airline) write
Adverbs Response yeah
Other a lot early exactly home late only usually
Verbs answer build care for cook do earn fix get (home) go (to bed/to school/to work) have (a job/lunch) know leave (work/for work) like live own save sell sleep start stay up
Prepositions after (midnight) around/about (10:00/noon) at (6:00/night/midnight) at (a travel agency/a fast-food restaurant) before (noon) in (an office) in (the morning/the afternoon/the evening) like (= for example) on (weekdays/Fridays) until (midnight)
Expressions Talking about school/ work What do you do (exactly/ there)? I’m a/an. . . Where does he work? He works in/at/for. . . How do you like your job/ classes? I like it/them a lot. I love it/them.
Where do you go to school? I go to. . . What’s your favorite. . . ? My favorite. . . is. . .
Asking for more information What time. . . ? Which. . . ? Why?
Talking about daily schedules
Expressing surprise
What time do you go to work? I start work at. . . When do you get home? I usually get home at. . .
Oh! Wow!
Starting a sentence Well,. . . By the way,. . .
Expressing interest How interesting! Oh? (Oh.) Oh, really? Really?
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Language summaries
T-149
Unit 3 Language summary Vocabulary rubber Nouns Clothes and jewelry silk backpack bag boots bracelet dress earrings gloves jacket jeans necklace ring scarf shirt socks sunglasses sweater tie T-shirt wallet watch
Materials* cotton gold leather plastic polyester
silver wool
Other bargains cent(s) clerk (golf) clubs coffee compare cost cup customer decisions design dollar (at one’s) fingertips flea market item lamp MP3 player notebook opinions
painting paperback (book/ novel) phone price review(s) smartphone speakers social networking style TV (price) tag
Pronouns one ones
Adjectives Colors black blue brown gray green orange pink purple red
white yellow
Other attractive boring cheap each expensive fun happy jealous large light loving medium mysterious perfect powerful pretty pure reasonable sad small stylish truthful warm
Verbs Modal can
Other ask buy connect help let (me) + verb look (= seem) look at mean pay (for) prefer say
Adverbs almost directly else more (shop) online
*Names of materials can be used as nouns or adjectives.
Expressions Talking about prices How much is this/that scarf? It’s. . . . That’s not bad. How much are these/those gloves? They’re. . . That’s expensive.
Comparing The silk dress is prettier/ more expensive than the polyester dress.
T-150
Getting someone’s attention
Talking about preferences
Making and declining an offer
Excuse me. Look! Look at. . . Oh,. . .
Which one do you prefer? I prefer the. . . one. Which ones do you like better/more? I like the. . . one better/ more.
Would you like to. . . ? Uh, no. That’s OK.
Requesting an alternative
Hmm. I’m not sure. Uh,. . . Let’s see. . .
Offering help Can I help you?
Identifying things Which one? The blue one. Which ones? The yellow ones.
Language summaries
Do they come in (black)?
Thanking someone Thanks anyway. You’re welcome.
Expressing doubt
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Unit 4 Language summary Vocabulary Nouns Movies 3-D action horror musical science fiction
TV programs game show reality show soap opera talk show
Music* classical country electronic gospel heavy metal hip-hop jazz New Age pop R&B (rhythm and blues)
reggae rock salsa
(baseball) game gate grass Musical instruments highlight(s) (musical) instrument guitar kind (of) piano level Entertainers (soccer) match actor (text) message actress stadium group tango rapper ticket singer video game songwriter voice
Other
album award concert cyclists date (art) fair fan fashion designer
Pronouns Object pronouns me you him her it us them
would
welcome whole worldwide
Other
Adverbs
Verbs Modal cheer come dream go out guess have to (+ verb) know listen to meet miss need to (+ verb) play (an instrument) visit win
Adjectives famous free (=not have plans) glamorous local
especially just never pretty (+ adjective) still tomorrow under the stars (=outside) (not) very much
Prepositions about (it) for (dinner) from. . . until. . . / from . . . to. . . with (me)
*Names of musical styles can be used as nouns or adjectives.
Expressions Talking about likes and dislikes
Inviting someone
Asking about events
Do you like. . . ? Yes, I do. I like. . . a lot./I love. . . No, I don’t. I don’t like. . . very much. What kind of. . . do you like? Who’s/What’s your favorite. . . ?
Would you like to. . . ? Do you want to. . . ? Why don’t we. . . ?
When is it? Where is it? What time does it start/end?
Accepting an invitation Yes, I would. Thanks. I’d love to. That sounds great.
Refusing an invitation I’d like to, but I have to. . . I’d like to, but I need to. . . I’d like to, but I want to. . .
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Language summaries
T-151
Unit 5 Language summary Vocabulary Nouns Family/Relatives aunt brother children cousin dad daughter father grandfather grandmother husband mom mother nephew niece sister sister-in-law son uncle wife
Other
fact family tree foreign language freedom government household housework men money only child people percent (wildlife) photographer population (birthday) present project pros and cons women
not many a few few
Pronouns
Verbs
anyone no one
enjoy get (married) grow(ing) up move spend (money) stand tell travel vote wait
Adjectives Quantifiers
adult age attention challenge college couple elevator email
all nearly all most many a lot of/lots of some
Other average dear (+ name) elderly lonely married one-on-one related secret single stay-at-home (mom/dad) stressful stuck urban young
Adverbs Time expressions (almost) always right now these days this week/month/year
Other abroad alone away together
Preposition of
Conjunction because
Expressions Asking about family Tell me about your family. Do you have any brothers and sisters? How many brothers and sisters do you have? I have. . . brother(s) and. . . sister(s). I’m an only child. How old is your sister?
Exchanging information about the present Are you living at home? Yes, I am./No, I’m not. What is your brother doing? He’s traveling in. . . . Is anyone in your family. . . right now? Yes, my. . . is. . .
Expressing interest What an interesting. . .
Expressing relief Thank goodness!
T-152
Language summaries
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Unit 6 Language summary Vocabulary Nouns Sports and fitness activities aerobics baseball basketball bicycling bowling football golf gymnastics jogging karate running soccer softball stretching swimming tennis volleyball walking weight training yoga
Other athlete couch potato country fitness fitness freak free time gym gym rat joke meal physical (exam) serving (= portion of food) sports nut teen (= teenager) tip treadmill vitamin(s)
Pronoun nothing
Adjectives above/below average both either fit good at (something)
middle-aged real regular tired
Verbs act chat dance eat enter exercise keep (fit/up the good work) lift weights play (cards/a sport) relax sing spend (time) talent (magic) tricks work out
sometimes hardly ever almost never never every. . . once a. . . twice a. . . three times a. . . not very often/much
Other sometime then
Prepositions in (my free time/great shape) like (that)
Adverbs Frequency always almost always usually often
Expressions Talking about routines
Talking about abilities
Expressing surprise/disbelief
How often do you. . . ? Every. . . Once/Twice/Three times a. . . Not very often. Do you ever. . . ? Yes, I always/often/sometimes. . . No, I never/hardly ever. . . How long do you spend. . . ? Thirty minutes a day./Two hours a week.
How well do you. . . ? Pretty well./About average. Not very well. How good are you at. . . ? Pretty good./OK. Not so good.
Seriously?
Agreeing All right. No problem!
Asking for more information What else. . . ?
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Language summaries
T-153
Unit 7 Language summary Vocabulary Nouns adventure city congratulations contest dishes fishing flamingo food glaciers homework host family initials karaoke bar lake laundry neighbor noise party (air)plane retreat ruins statues surfing test tour
trip vacation waves weather wildlife
terracotta vegetarian whole
Verbs
Pronouns anybody anything something
Adjectives amazing awful broke cloudy cold cool excellent foggy full hot incredible leisure-time (activities) lucky special
arrive call cook drive forget happen invite make (a phone call) rain read stay (home) stop take (a day off) worry
last night/Saturday/ weekend the whole time today yesterday
Other also anywhere downtown first of all unfortunately
Prepositions on (business/vacation) over (the weekend)
Adverbs Time expressions again all day/night/weekend as usual
Expressions Asking about past activities
Giving opinions about past experiences
Did you go anywhere last weekend? Yes, I did. I. . . No, I didn’t. How did you spend. . . ? How long were you. . . ? What did you do. . . ? What time did you. . . ? Where did you. . . ? Who did you. . . with?
How did you like. . . ?/How was. . . ? It was. . . What was the best thing about. . . ? Was the. . . OK?
T-154
Language summaries
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Unit 8 Language summary Vocabulary Nouns Neighborhood/ Recreational facilities airport apartment (building) aquarium avenue bank barbershop bookstore clothing store coffee shop dance club drugstore electronics store gas station grocery store hospital hotel Internet café laundromat library (shopping) mall (outdoor) market movie theater (science) museum pay phone park post office shopping center
stationery store swimming pool theater train station (public) transportation travel agency zoo
Other (car) alarm balcony bedroom budget card cat cleanliness crime cuisine dog door fashion floor garbage haircut hall(way) kid (traffic) light parking pet pollution privacy
rent reservations resident roommate sidewalk traffic utilities
Adjectives available convenient crowded fresh inexpensive loud multicultural quiet reasonable unique
Verbs bark borrow call back dry find hold on look for share wash
Adverbs Responses of course
Other anymore around the corner in fact first of all too (= also)
Prepositions on next to near(by)/close to across from/opposite in front of in back of/behind between on the corner of
Conjunction so
Expressions Asking for and giving locations
Asking about quantities
Is there a/an. . . near here? No, there isn’t, but there’s one. . . Are there any. . . around here? Yes, there are. There are some. . . No, there aren’t, but there are some. . . No, there aren’t any. . . around here.
Are there many. . . ? Yes, there are a lot. Yes, there are a few. No, there aren’t many. No, there aren’t any. No, there are none. Is there much. . . ? Yes, there’s a lot. Yes, there’s a little. No, there isn’t much. No, there isn’t any. No, there’s none.
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Language summaries
T-155
Unit 9 Language summary Vocabulary Nouns appearance beard belt boyfriend cargo pants contact lenses couple e-pal eye(s) feet girlfriend glasses hair height length looks meter (fashion) model mustache
outfit patterns (time) period picture plaid polo (shirt) prints (fashion) runway shoulder pads similarity stripe(s) trick window
Adjectives attached background (color) baggy bald blond
button-down (shirt) casual classic comfortable curly dark elderly fashionable funky good-looking gorgeous handsome heavy in style late (teens/twenties) latest (fashions) long medium middle aged mixed-up modern
neutral outdated short silly skinny slim straight striped tall tucked in vintage
Adverbs fairly (+ adjective)
Prepositions for (her age) in (a T-shirt/jeans/her thirties) on (the couch) to the left/right of with (red hair)
Verbs alter describe learn mix pair sit wear
Expressions Asking about appearance
Identifying someone
What does she look like? She’s tall. She has red hair. How old is she? She’s about 32. She’s in her thirties. How tall is she? She’s 1 meter 88. About 6 feet 2, I suppose. How long is her hair? It’s medium length. What color is her hair? It’s dark/light brown. Does he wear glasses? Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.
Who’s Raoul? He’s the man wearing a green shirt/talking to Liz. Which one is Julia? She’s the one in jeans/near the window.
T-156
Language summaries
Making suggestions Why don’t you. . . ?
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Unit 10 Language summary Vocabulary octopus point(s) appointment risk blue cheese riverboat tour camel (weather) condition(s) sand sports car costume storm curry streetcar danger surfer (food) festival (herbal) tea hairstyle (traffic/speeding) ice climbing ticket iced coffee truck jazz club uniform key(s) view ID (= identification) wedding kiteboarding wingsuit lifestyle magazine Adjectives mountaintop(s) awake
Nouns
current experienced fast-paced hard historic important live (concert) nervous scary several unpredictable valuable well-balanced
Verbs be engaged (to someone) breathe clean cut
drop have trouble (doing something) hike jump kill lift lose overcome overdo read ride skip slow down spin take it easy taste try
Adverbs ago already lately in the past (few days/ week/year) recently somewhere yet
Prepositions for (six months/two years) since (6:45/ last weekend/ elementary school)
Expressions Talking about past experiences Have you ever. . . ? Have you. . . recently/lately. . . this week? Yes, I have./No, I haven’t. Have you/they. . . yet? Yes, I have. I’ve (already). . . No, they haven’t. They haven’t. . . (yet).
How many times have you. . . ? I’ve. . . once/a couple of times. How long have you lived here? I’ve lived here for/since. . . How long did you live there? I lived there for. . .
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Expressing uncertainty I can’t decide.
Apologizing I’m sorry (I’m late).
Language summaries
T-157
Unit 11 Language summary Vocabulary Nouns beach canoe (handi)crafts district event (city) guide harbor hometown island mangrove nightlife personality plaza pottery pyramid scenery sight souvenir spices
spot (=place) subway summer taxi temple town visitor window-shopping
raw sacred safe spacious stressful ugly walled (city/area)
Adverbs
Pronoun
Verbs Modal
Prepositions
you (= anyone)
should
Adjectives best delicious efficient fascinating forbidden lively noisy polluted
all year anytime definitely easily extremely (+ adjective) somewhat (+ adjective) in (the center of) town/the city
Other bargain dye move away plan to (+ verb) recommend rent tell (someone) about (something) use
Conjunctions however though
Expressions Describing something
Asking for information
Asking for and giving suggestions
What’s. . . like? It’s. . . and. . . It’s. . . , but (it’s not). . . It’s. . . It’s not (too). . . , though. It’s. . . It’s not (too). . . , however.
Can you tell me about. . . ?
What should I. . . ? You should. . . You shouldn’t. . .
T-158
Language summaries
Talking about advisability What can you do. . . ? You can. . . You can’t. . . Can I. . . ? Yes, you can./No, you can’t.
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Unit 12 Language summary Vocabulary Nouns Health problems backache bleeding burn cold cough dry skin fever (the) flu headache (the) hiccups homesick illness insomnia itchy eyes mosquito bite(s) sore muscles/throat stomachache sunburn toothache upset stomach
can jar pack stick tube
Pharmacy items aspirin bandages breath mints cough drops deodorant eyedrops face cream heating pad lotion medicine multivitamin ointment shaving cream tissues toothpaste vitamin C
Containers
Other
bag bottle box
advice chicken stock
(newspaper/advice) column complaint dentist energy garlic hand head idea jungle liquid medicine cabinet monkey motor muscle plant(s) rain forest researcher rest social life (chicken/garlic/onion) soup source throat
Adverb deeply
Adjectives helpful hungry itchy medicinal natural sick sore strange stressed (out) terrible
Verbs Modal
hurt rest put (= apply directly, as ointment) search see (a doctor/dentist) sneeze suggest take (medicine/ something for. . . ) treat work (= succeed)
Prepositions in (bed) under (cold water)
could may
Other burn chop up concentrate cure get (a cold/some rest) hang (from a tree)
Expressions Talking about health problems
Asking for and giving advice
How are you? Not so good. I have. . . That’s too bad.
What should you do. . . ? It’s important/helpful/a good idea to. . . What do you suggest/have for. . . ? Try/I suggest/You should/You could. . .
Offering and accepting assistance Can/May I help you? Yes, please. Can/Could/May I have. . . ?
Expressing dislike Yuck!
Agreeing You’re right.
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Language summaries
T-159
Unit 13 Language summary Vocabulary Nouns Food and beverages beef bread cake (blue) cheese chicken chocolate corn curry dessert (main) dish dressing fish flavor french fries grapes hamburger ice cream lamb lemon lettuce mangoes meat
miso noodle octopus pasta peas (apple) pie pizza potatoes rice salad sandwich seafood shrimp soup strawberries sushi turkey vinaigrette water
Other barber bellhops coffee shop
door attendants guidelines hairstylist maid menu order parking valets review waiter
Adjectives bland bothered fresh greasy healthy mixed rich salty slang sour spicy
Verbs Modals will would
Other bring order take (an order) tip
Adverbs a bit (+ adjective) either neither tonight
Expressions Expressing feelings
Ordering in a restaurant
I’m (not) crazy about. . . I’m (not) in the mood for. . . I can’t stand. . .
May I take your order? What would you like (to. . . )? I’d like/I’ll have a/an/the. . . What kind of. . . would you like? I’d like/I’ll have. . . , please. Would you like anything else? Yes, please. I’d like. . . No, thank you. That’ll be all.
Agreeing and disagreeing I like. . . So do I. I don’t like. . . Neither do I./I don’t either. I’m crazy about. . . So am I./I am, too. I’m not in the mood for. . . Neither am I./I’m not either. I can. . . So can I./I can, too. I can’t. . . Neither can I./I can’t either.
T-160
Language summaries
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Unit 14 Language summary Vocabulary Nouns Geography
Distance and measurements
canal capital (city) continent desert earth (the) equator (the) falls forest hill island lake mountain ocean river sea valley volcano waterfall world
degree (Celsius/ Fahrenheit) (square) kilometer meter (square) mile pound
Other airport auction (rhinoceros) beetle boating climate cooling environment farm faucet feather flight gift heating
landfill lightbulbs million planet (air/water) pollution population quiz tower waste winter
windy worse
Verbs get up (to) go down (to) reduce
Prepositions in (the summer/the world/ the Americas) of (the three) on (the island/earth) from. . . to. . .
Adjectives deep far heavy high leaky mountainous nonstop recycled tuned up wet
Expressions Talking about distances and measurements
Making comparisons
How far is. . . from. . . ? It’s about. . . kilometers/miles. How big is. . . ? It’s. . . square kilometers/miles. How high is (are). . . ? It’s (They are). . . meters/feet high. How deep is. . . ? It’s. . . meters/feet deep. How long is. . . ? It’s. . . kilometers/miles long. How hot is. . . in the summer? It gets up to. . . degrees. How cold is. . . in the winter? It goes down to. . . degrees.
Which country is larger, . . . or. . . ? . . . is larger than. . . Which country is the largest: . . . , . . . , or. . . ? . . . is the largest of the three. Which country has the largest. . . ? . . . has the largest. . . What’s the longest. . . in. . . ? . . . is the longest. What is the most beautiful. . . in the world? I think. . . is the most beautiful.
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Language summaries
T-161
Unit 15 Language summary Vocabulary Nouns Leisure activities barbecue (rock) concert (singing) contest gathering (tennis/soccer) match (dance) performance picnic play (bicycle) race (volleyball) tournament
Other address babysitter cell (phone)
etiquette excuse extension favor headphones invitation issue(s) meeting message nuisance (phone) number puppy request ringer rudeness rule statement stranger
Adjectives beeping day-to-day rude spectator
Verbs accept admit annoy consider give have in common observe pass on practice refuse
return speak
Adverbs afterward as soon as possible on time out of town overtime
Expressions Talking about plans
Making a business call
What are you doing tonight? I’m going. . . Are you doing anything tomorrow? No, I’m not. What is she going to do tomorrow? She’s going. . . Are they going to. . . ? Yes, they are.
May I speak to. . . ? . . . ’s not in. Can I take/leave a message? Yes, please. This is. . . Would you ask. . . to call me? This is. . . I’ll give. . . the message.
Apologizing and giving reasons I’d love to, but I can’t. I. . . Sorry, I can’t. . .
T-162
Language summaries
Asking for and giving suggestions Can/May I take a message? Please tell. . . (that). . . Please ask. . . to. . . Would you tell. . . to. . . ? Would you ask. . . to. . . ?
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Unit 16 Language summary Vocabulary Nouns (savings) account (photo) album (a/the) big picture (= full view) career change course credit card goal graduation (driver’s) license life (bank/car/student) loan lottery skill suburb(s)
task time line vocabulary
Adjectives broke large-scale long-term outgoing own possible successful
Verbs achieve adjust become bring about
catch(ing) up change divide dress dye fall (in love) get along (with) graduate hope (+ verb) improve join motivate pay off pierce rank set (a goal)
Adverbs a bit differently less overseas
Prepositions in (ages/a few years) into (my own apartment) throughout
Expressions Describing changes
Talking about future plans
I’m not in school anymore. I wear contact lenses. I got engaged. I moved to a new place. I’ve changed jobs. My hair is shorter now. My job is less stressful.
What are you going to do? I’m (not) going to. . . I (don’t) plan/want to. . . I hope to. . . I’d like/love to. . .
Expressing congratulations Congratulations!
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Language summaries
T-163
