Home
Add Document
Sign In
Register
inorganic
Home
inorganic
inorganicFull description...
Author:
Banan Nas
12 downloads
378 Views
343KB Size
Report
DOWNLOAD .PDF
Recommend Documents
Inorganic
Full description
Inorganic Peroxy
essential backgroundFull description
Practical - Inorganic
Inorganic PracticalsFull description
Inorganic Chemistry
Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
pharmaceutical ChemistryFull description
Inorganic Guide for Plastics
Full description
Inorganic Chemistry Exp 1
Module 1 - Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Module 1 - Green PACOP
Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Inorganic Medicals
Pharmacy Inorganic Medicinals Chemistry PACOPFull description
Inorganic Chemistry (Atkins, Shriver).PDF
Mastering Organic Chemistry and INORGANIC
cbse 12th syllabusFull description
Mastering Organic Chemistry and INORGANIC
cbse 12th syllabus
Informe de Inorganic A II
Descripción completa
Inorganic Special Examination 2015 20161
exam
HUHEEY - Inorganic Chemistry (Ed 4)
Inorganic Textbook
HUHEEY - Inorganic Chemistry (Ed 4)
Inorganic Textbook
900 inorganic questions for IIT JEE ADVANCED
Inorganic question bankFull description
Neutralization of Red Mud Using Inorganic Acids
netralisasi red mud
Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry v. 1
spectroscopy in inorganic chemistry book contributorsDescripción completa
JDLee Inorganic Chemistry Book PDF How To
full jd lee solutionsFull description
Vogel's Qualitative Inorganic Analysis.pdf
Full description
Facts on File - Dictionary of Inorganic Chemistry
Concise Inorganic Chemistry (4th Edition) by J.D.Lee.pdf
chemistry lab manual (inorganic saLT analysis).pdf
Full description
Acid-Base Concepts I.
Unifying Concepts A.
B.
C.
The Acid-Base Concept 1)
There are many acid-base definitions, each at times useful
2)
Acid-Base concepts are not facts or even theories, but are useful generalizations for classification, and organization
3)
Acid-Base concepts are powerful ways to explain data and predict trends
Arrhenius Concept 1)
An acid forms H+ in water; a base forms OH - in water
2)
Applicable to aqueous solutions only
3)
HCl + NaOH
H+ + OH- +
Na+ + Cl-
Bronsted-Lowery Concept 1)
Acid is a proton donor; Base is a proton acceptor
2)
Conjugate acid/base pairs differ only by a proton
3)
Reactions proceed to produce the weakest acid and base
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
4)
H3O+ + NO2-
5)
Includes non-aqueous systems NH4+ + NH2-
D.
H2O + HNO2 2 NH3
Solvent System Concept 1)
Useful for aprotic, non-aqueous systems
2)
Applies to any solvent that can dissociate to cation (acid) and anion (base)
3)
For water: 2 H2O a)
Any solute increasing [H 3O+] is an acid HCl + H2O
b)
H3O+ + OHH3O+ + Cl-
Any solute increasing [OH -] is a base NH3 + H2O
NH4+ + OH-
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
6) pK ion = -log[acid][base]
E.
a)
pK W = -log[H3O+][OH-] = -log[10 -7][10-7] = 14
b)
pK H2SO4 = -log[H3SO4+][HSO4-] = 3.4
c)
The smaller the number, the more dissociation has occurred
Lewis Concept 1)
Acid = e- pair acceptor; Base = e- pair donor
2)
Includes metal ions and non-aqueous systems; encompasses other concepts
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
5)
A nonn-me meta tall ex exam amp ple le:: BF3 + NH3
H3 N:BF3 (or BF3 • NH3)
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
II.
Acid-Base Strength A.
Thermodynamic Measurement 1) 2) 3)
4)
We can easily measure pH, but that doesn t really tell us about acid strength
HA + H2O !Go
+
K a
= -RTlnK a =
a)
G = free energy
b)
H = enthalpy
c)
S = entropy
Solving for K a:
K a
H3O+ + A!H
lnK a
- T!S
=
! !H RT
+
!S
R
=
[H3O ][A! ] [HA]
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
B.
Binary Hydrogen Compounds 1)
2)
Acidity increases down a column of the periodic table a)
H2Se > H2S > H2O
b)
HI > HBr > HCl > HF
c)
Conjugate bases of larger ions have lower charge density, thus a smaller attraction for H+
Acidity increases from left to right of the periodic table a)
NH3 < H2O < HF
b)
The more electronegative the conjugate base is, the easier is it i t for H+ to dissociate
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
C.
Inductive Effects (electron pulling/pushing through sigma bonds) 1)
Electronegative substituents increase acidity and decrease basicity Basicity: :PF3 < :PH3
2)
Electron Donating substituents decrease acidity and increase basicity Basicity: NMe3 > NHMe2 > NH2Me > NH3
3)
Oxyacids: the more unprotonated Oxygens, Oxygens, the stronger the acid a)
Acidity: HOClO3 > HOClO2 > HOClO > HOCl
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
D.
Cations in Aqueous Solution 1)
Cationic metal ions are generally Lewis acids in i n water solutions
2)
Example: [Fe(H2O)6]3+ + H2O
3)
Large charge and small radii increase acidity
[Fe(H2O)5(OH)]2+ + H3O+
a)
Alkali metals are not acidic (Na +); Alkaline Earths are weakly acidic (Ca2+)
b)
2+ Transition Metals are weak acids; 3+ Transition Metals are
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
4)
The stron
acid the cation cation is, the the less less soluble soluble the hydro hydroxide xide
lex i
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
E.
Steric Effects 1)
Steric bulk can repel an acid-base partner, modifying the acid-base strength a)
F = front strain = direct steric interference at the site of interaction
b)
B = back strain = bulky groups interfere opposite the interaction site upon binding as the molecule adjusts its VSEPR geometry CH3 N
N
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
F.
Solvation 1)
Solvation is interaction with solvent molecules
2)
Basicity in water: NHMe2 > NH2Me > NMe3 > NH3 a)
By induction, the more substituted amine should be the most basic
b)
This amine has less H s to interact with water
G. Non-aqueous Solvents Solvents
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
H.
Superacids = acids stronger than H 2SO4 1)
Hammet Acidity Function = H
+
H
pK
log
[BH ]
×
Report "inorganic"
Your name
Email
Reason
-Select Reason-
Pornographic
Defamatory
Illegal/Unlawful
Spam
Other Terms Of Service Violation
File a copyright complaint
Description
×
Sign In
Email
Password
Remember me
Forgot password?
Sign In
Our partners will collect data and use cookies for ad personalization and measurement.
Learn how we and our ad partner Google, collect and use data
.
Agree & close