Fllmvctflg poceis; C liw rmoi amr ‒^ocei `faairilei‖ Ucaarml Wmm`ercat cl` Lfemoc Dceml Umefco Ofai, YJ
Umefco Armltfirs Pbi lixt i`gi ma smefco fllmvctfml risicreb
Umefco Armltfirs
Fllmvctflg poceis; c liw rmoi amr ‟pocei `faairilei‘ Ucaarml Wmm`ercat Wmm`ercat & Lfemoc Dceml, Umefco Ofai
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Fllmvctflg poceis; c liw rmoi amr ‟^ocei `faairilei‘ Ucaarml Ucaar ml Wmm`ercat Wmm`ercat & Lfemoc Dceml, Umefco Ofai
Cdstrcet Pbfs pcpir `iviomps tbi f`ic ma ‟pocei `faairilei‘ cs c prcetfeco tmmo amr suppmrtflg pocei-dcsi` smefco fllmvctfml. Mrfgflcooy `iviompi` dy YU smefmomgfsts, Bcrviy Bcrviy Hmomteb, Wfoofch Wfoofch Ariu`ildirg cl` Jrfstc ^cuosil, ‟pocei `faairilei‘ prmvf`is c archiwmrj amr tbfljflg bmofstfecooy cdmut omeco emltixt, ebclgi cl` fllmvctfml. Pbi ‟pocei `faairilei‘ hm`io clcoyzis tbi huotfpoi emllietfmls ditwiil pimpoi, mrgclfzctfmls, f`ics, mppmrtulftfis, eftfis cl` lifgbdmurbmm`s, cl` bmw tbiy ‟ocsb up‘ tm ericti pocei-spiefffie prmeissis cl` mutemhis. Wi Wi ixpomri bmw ‟pocei `faairilei‘ ecl di `iviompi` cs c prcetfeco tmmo tm flericsi ul`irstcl`flg cdmut omeco `ylchfes, bmw tbiy ecl sbcpi tbi sueeiss cl` mutemhis ma fltirviltfmls cl` bmw tbiy ecl dmmst mr arustrcti fllmvctfml.
3 Fltrm`uetfml Fltrm`uetfml Fl eftfis crmul` tbi wmro` tbiri fs grmwflg fltirist fl ffil`flg liw wcys tm fhprmvi tbi auturi ma poceis tbct tcji ceemult dmtb ma iemlmhfe grmwtb cl` smefco wioodiflg. Hcly eftfis cri siiflg grmwflg clxfity, clxfity, chmlg efty oic`irs cl` risf`ilts, cdmut prmeissis ma iemlmhfe cl` urdcl `iviomphilt tbct flericsi fliqucofty cl` smefco pmocrfzctfml. Custirfty, secrei pudofe rismureis cl` grmwflg smefco prmdoihs cri ilemurcgflg tbi ihirgilei ma fllmvctfv fllmvctfvi, i, shcoo-secoi cotirlctfvis tm `mhflclt rigilirctfml cl` `iviomphilt hm`ios, sueb cs emhhulfty mwlirsbfp, pocei-dcsi` smefco flvisthilt, cl` em-prm`uei` risf`ilt-oi` rigilirctfml. Pbi schi tril`s cri cosm auiooflg smefco fllmvctfmls tbct cri fltrflsfecooy oflji` tm pocei fl tbifr `iofviry. Ixchpois fleou`i omeco ixchpois ma emoocdmrctfvi emlsuhptfml, cotirlctfvi eurrilefis ofji tbi Drfxtml ^mul`, cl` sjfoo sbcrflg, sueb cs tbi Drmmjoyl Ujfoosbcri: cs wioo cs tbi hcjirs hmvihilt, wbfeb lii`s pbysfeco omectfmls cl` suppmrtfvi omeco litwmrjs tm tbrfvi. Pbfs typi ma smefcooy sustcflcdoi urdcl `iviomphilt fs cl ihirgflg ffiio` ma fllmvctfml fl Iurmpi, Uecl`flcvfc, tbi YU cl` Eclc`c (W (Wmm`ercat mm`ercat ����). Ft riffliets tbi emlvirgilei ma tbrii gomdco tril`s; ffirst, tbi ixpclsfml ma sustcflcdoi `iviomphilt diyml` ilvfrmlhiltco emleirls tm tcji ceemult ma smefco lii`s fl tbi emltixt ma dmtb iemlmhfe cl` urdcl `iviomphilt: sieml`, grmwflg fltirist fl tbi emleipt ma poceihcjflg, ul`irstmm` cs cl fleousfvi prmeiss amr `isfglflg cl` hclcgflg risfofilt cl` tbrfvflg emhhulftfis, `rcwflg ml omeco cssits: cl` tbfr`oy, tbi grmwflg ffiio` ma smefco fllmvctfml, cl` ul`irstcl`flg ma bmw tm lurturi cl` grmw fllmvctfmls wftb pmsftfvi smefco mutemhis, tbct ebcooilgi ixfstflg pmwir rioctfmlsbfps. @fsemursis ma poceihcjflg cl` smefcooy sustcflcdoi urdcl `iviomphilt c`vmecti c bmofstfe ul`irstcl`flg ma poceis; mli wbfeb tcjis c drmc` vfiw ma tbi rioctfmlsbfp ditwiil iemlmhfe efreuhstcleis, ocl` usi, `iviomphilt mppmrtulftfis, smefco eml`ftfmls cl` omeco lii`s, rctbir tbcl tcejoflg c spiefffie fssui ― sueb cs kmd erictfml, bmusflg mr iemlmhfe grmwtb - fl fsmoctfml. Yrdcl stu`fis, cl` hmri rieiltoy r isicreb cdmut urdcl smefco fllmvctfml, bcvi ihdrcei` tbfs vfiw ma eftfis cl` urdcl lifgbdmurbmm`s cs rioctfmlco, `ylchfe cl` fleousfvi, rctbir tbcl cs dmul`i`, pbysfeco omectfmls (Grcbch & Bicoiy ����: Girmhittc it co. ����). Bmwiv Bmwivir ir hcly ma tbisi f`ics bcvi yit tm trclsair armh risicreb tm prcetfei, mr tm di omecti` fl tbi grmwflg smefco fllmvctfml ffiio`. Pbi omecofzctfml ma `faairilei fl ur dcl lifgbdmurbmm`s erictis ilmrhmus ebcooilgis amr gmvirlhilt, pudofe cgilefis cl` prfvcti mrgclfzctfmls: fl spfti ma tbi grmwflg pmpuocrfty fl urdcl pocllflg ma psyebm-gimgrcpby wbfeb maairs eomsi ixchflctfmls ma bmw pimpoi usi cl` riocti tm spcei, cl` grmwflg suppmrt amr c bmofstfe cpprmceb tm ul`irstcl`flg cl` fltirvilflg fl poceis.
Umefco Armltfirs
Fllmvctflg poceis; c liw rmoi amr ‟pocei `faairilei‘ Ucaarml Wmm`ercat Wmm`ercat & Lfemoc Dceml, Umefco Ofai
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Eftfis, lifgbdmurbmm`s, cl` smhitfhis ivil fl`fvf`uco striits, bcvi c `fstfletfviliss mr omeco ebcrcetir tbct fltuftfvioy hmst hmst pimpoi riemglfzi (Hmomteb it co. ����: Bcoo Bcoo ����). Wbfoi pmoftfefcls cl` `iefsfml-hcjirs cejlmwoi`gi tbct poceis wftb sfhfocr mppmrtulftfis cl` vuolircdfoftfis ecl rispml` fl `rchctfecooy `faairilt wcys tm ebclgi, mppmrtulftfis cl` tbricts. Prclsoctflg tbfs fltuftfvi ul`irstcl`flg ma `faairilei armh cdstrcet, smhitfhis auzzy `iserfptfmls ma omeco euoturi, emhhulfty strilgtb mr bfstmrfeco acetmrs, fltm f`iltffficdoi, hicsurcdoi cl` cetfmlcdoi ebcrcetirfstfes fs ebcooilgflg. Amr ixchpoi, wi matil sii bmw pcst ivilts ― bfstmrfeco hfgrctfml pcttirls, omeco pmoftfeco rioctfmlsbfps, acfoi` urdcl `iviomphilt mr ivil flef`ilts ma vfmoilt erfhi - emltflui tm rismlcti cl` sbcpi omeco rispmlsis tm ebclgi fl wcys tbct cri bcr` tm `itiet usflg emlviltfmlco cpprmcebis tm ul`irstcl`flg poceis. Emlsiquiltoy, tbiri fs c til`iley fl urdcl `iviomphilt mr cricdcsi` pudofe prmgrchhis tm acoo dcej ml spctfco cl` pbysfeco emleipts ma pocei cl` tm ul`irstcl` tbi smefco ofai ma poceis dy ameusflg ml prmdoihs; `fsc`vcltcgi, wmrjoissliss mr pudofe bicotb rctbir tbcl ixpomrflg tbifr pmtiltfco amr fllmvctfml cl` erictfvfty. Pbi lii` amr liw hm`ios cl` tmmos tm tbflj cdmut smefco fllmvctfml cl` poceis fs coric`y wf`ioy cejlmwoi`gi`. Hmuocirt it co‖s risicreb (����) f`iltfffii` tbi lii` amr ixfstflg tbimritfeco hm`ios ma tirrftmrfco mr rigfmlco fllmvctfml tm di up`cti` tm tcji ceemult ma omeco, smefco jlmwoi`gi cl` litwmrjs, cl` put amrwcr` tbi emleipt emleipt ma ‒emhhulfty-gicri` fllmvctfml‖. Uudsiquilt risicreb bcs pcf` cttiltfml tm tbi acetmrs tbct ilemurcgi fllmvctfml fl omeco gmvirlhilt (Dceml it co ����) cl` tbi fhpmrtclei ma efvfo smefity cl` eftfzil ilgcgihilt fl `rfvflg smefco fllmvctfml, wftb c pcrtfeuocr ameus ml gmvirlclei, emhhulfty pcrtfefpctfml, cl` hmri rieiltoy, tbi rmoi ma mlofli litwmrjs cl` emhhulftfis fl suppmrtflg omeco smefco fllmvctfml (@cvfis cl` Ufhml ����: Hfoocr` it co ����: Girmhittc it co ����). Bmwiv Bmwivir, ir, wi crgui tbiri fs cosm c lii` amr emleiptuco cl` prcetfeco tmmos tbct ecl tcji ceemult ma tbi emhpoixfty ma poceis cl` tbifr ulfqui emhdflctfmls ma omeco cl` gomdco litwmrjs, flstftutfmlco systihs, omeco jlmwoi`gi, smefco litwmrjs, cl` psyebm-smefco acetmrs. Mur bypmtbisfs fs tbct ‟pocei `faairilei‘ ecl c`` c liw `fhilsfml tm risicreb ml pocei cl` smefco fllmvctfml, dy drflgflg fl omeco pmoftfeco, euoturco mr bfstmrfeco flffluileis cl` ixchflflg bmw tbisi `ylchfes sbcpi omeco rispmlsis. Pbfs fs rioivclt tm fllmvctfml fl poceihcjflg cl` cric rigilirctfml cl` tm tbi `iviomphilt ma fllmvctfmls tm hiit smefco lii` tbct cri spiefffie tm c pocei, amr ixchpoi tbi `iviomphilt ma lifgbdmuroy suppmrt amr vuolircdoi pimpoi. Wi Wi prmpmsi tbct c ‟pocei `faairilei‘ hm`io emuo` biop efreuhvilt tbi crtfffiefco dcrrfirs matil cssuhi` wftbfl spctfco pocllflg cl` urdcl `iviomphilt - smefco virsus pbysfeco, grcssrmmts virsus tmp-`mwl, omeco virsus gomdco - cl` mpil up liw mppmrtulftfis amr erictfvi fllmvctfml cdmut pocei-dcsi` prmdoihs. Pbfs pcpir `iserfdis tbi prmeiss ma `iviompflg c ‟pocei `faairilei‘ hm`io cl` cppoyflg tbfs tm twm ecsi stu`y crics wbiri Umefco Ofai bcs diil eomsioy flvmovi` fl pocei-dcsi` fllmvctfml prmkiets.
4 Wbct fs ‟pocei `faairilei‘ cl` wby `mis ft hcttir= ‟^ocei `faairilei‘ fs c `ylchfe emleiptuco archiwmrj amr ul`irstcl`flg bmw poceis emhi tm cequfri `fstfletfvi ebcrcetirfstfes, cl` bmw tbfs `fstfletfviliss sbcpis omeco rispmlsis tm ebclgi, mppmrtulfty mr fllmvctfml. Pbi emleipt wcs `iviompi` dy c grmup ma YU smefmomgfsts, Bcrviy Hmomteb, Wfoofch Ariu`ildirg Ariu`ildirg cl` Jrfstc ^cuosil, wbm wiri emleirli` wftb ul`irstcl`flg tbi trc kietmry ma `iviomphilt `iviomphilt prmeissis cl` bmw bfstmry bfstmry wmrjs tm ericti `faairilei `faairilei cl` omecooy spiefffie mutemhis. Hmomteb it co ecrrfi` mut c emhpcrctfvi stu`y ma Ucltc Dcrdcrc cl` Qilturc, Qilturc, twm urdcl crics fl Ecofamrlfc wftb sfhfocr smefm-`ihmgrcpbfe fl`fectmrs cl` pbysfeco ebcrcetirfstfes tbct rispml`i` viry `faairiltoy tm tbi schi mutsf`i amreis; tbi `iviomphilt ma mfo cl` c hckmr ariiwcy prmkiet. Pbi cfh ma tbfs emhpcrctfvi stu`y wcs tm `iviomp c risicreb hitbm` tbct emuo` tcji ceemult ma tbi hcly fltclgfdoi f ltclgfdoi acetmrs cl` emhpoix emlffigurctfmls tbct `fstflgufsb poceis. ‟^ocei `faairilei‘ ecl di ul`irstmm` cs tbi `fstfletfvi wcys fl wbfeb ulofji ioihilts ― pimpoi, emoocdmrctfmls, dufo`flgs, ilvfrmlhiltco rismureis, iemlmhfe mppmrtulftfis, pmofefis mr f`ics emhdfli fl c pcrtfeuocr pocei ct c pcrtfeuocr pmflt fl tfhi. Hmomteb it co `iserfdi tbisi emhdflctfmls cs ‟ocsb ups‘, `rcwflg ml Cetmr-Litwmrj-Pbimry tm fooustrcti bmw spiefffie f`ics, flstftutfmls mr ivilts, emhi tm ixfst tbrmugb ‟tbi sueeiss ma emllietfmls‘ cermss `faairilt spbiris (ig. smefco, euoturco, syhdmofe, iemlmhfe, ilvfrmlhiltco) cl` bmw dmtb pbysfeco tbflgs cl` spceis, smefco prcetfeis cl` cdstrcet f`ics ‟hcji iceb mtbir up‘ (����, p.���). Amr Hmomteb it co, ‟pocei `faairilei‘ bcs twm jiy cspiets; ‟ebcrcetir ma pocei‘ wbfeb fs ul`irstmm` cs tbi spiefffie emhdflctfml ma ioihilts fl c omeco ocsb up, cl` ‟trc`ftfml‘ wbfeb stcl`s fl amr tbi wcy tbisi ocsb ups stcdfofzi,
Umefco Armltfirs
Fllmvctflg poceis; c liw rmoi amr ‟pocei `faairilei‘ Ucaarml Wmm`ercat Wmm`ercat & Lfemoc Dceml, Umefco Ofai
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pirpitucti mr c`cpt mvir tfhi tm sbcpi omecooy-spiefffie rispmlsis tm ixtirlco amreis�. Fl tbfs silsi, ‟ebcrcetir‘ cl` ‟trc`ftfml‘ diemhi prmxfis amr c sit ma rioctfmlsbfps, f`ics cl` rispmlsis tbct ecl di hcppi` cl` hicsuri`, wbfeb hicls tbct amrhiroy cdstrcet f`ics cdmut scy, euoturi, bfstmry mr omeco f`iltfty, ecl di hctirfcofzi`. Hmomteb it co csji`, ‟Wbct hcjis Ucltc Dcrdcrc hmri ofji Ucltc Dcrdcrc=‘ cl` ‟Wbct hcjis Qilturc hmri ofji Qilturc=‘ Qilturc=‘ cs c wcy tm archi quistfmls cdmut bmw ebclgi cl` fllmvctfml tcji pocei. Pbi clswirs tm tbisi quistfmls cri vcoucdoi tm stu`fis ma pocei cl` smefco fllmvctfml amr c luhdir ma ricsmls. Afrst, Hmomteb it co‖s ‟pocei `faairilei‘ `faairilei‘ hm`io fs cl ixpofeft cttihpt tm hctirfcofzi, cl` tbiriamri hcji oigfdoi, tbi hcly fltclgfdoi `fhilsfmls ma pocei tbct cri riemglfzi` tm flffluilei fltirviltfmls cl` mutemhis, yit matil prmvi `faffieuot tm grcsp cl` tcji ceemult ma fl omeco `iefsfml-hcjflg. Uieml`, tbfs wmrj pcys pcrtfeuocr cttiltfml tm tbi emllietfmls cl` fltircetfmls ditwiil `faairilt ioihilts ct wmrj fl c pocei, rctbir tbcl cttihptflg tm siij mut fl`fvf`uco acetmrs tbct cri `rfvflg ebclgi. Cotbmugb tbfs fs c sudtoi sbfat fl ihpbcsfs, ft fs fhpmrtclt diecusi ft hmvis tbi ameus ma clcoysfs armh emultflg tbi hiri prisilei mr cdsilei ma omeco cssits, flstftutfmls mr mppmrtulftfis fl c pocei, tm bmw tbiy fltircet cl` dibcvi. Fl tbfs silsi, suracei sfhfocrftfis ecl di `fssmovi` diecusi lm twm ocsb ups wfoo di tbi schi, rigcr`oiss ma tbi flftfco eml`ftfmls. Pbfr`, tbfs wmrj ihpbcsfzis tbi fhpmrtclei ma emhhulfty mrgclfzctfmls fl amrhflg cl` pirpituctflg ‟pocei `faairilei‘. Pbi emhpcrctfvi ecsi stu`y ma Qilturc Qilturc cl` Ucltc Dcrdcrc f`iltfffii` bmw emhhulfty mrgclfzctfmls cet cs ripmsftmrfis ma tceft jlmwoi`gi cl` bcrdmur hihmry trceis, prmvf`flg c eruefco oflj ditwiil tbi pcst cl` prisilt jlmwoi`gi, ixpirfilei cl` prcetfei. Pbfs fs c pcrtfeuocroy fhpmrtclt emltrfdutfml tm eurrilt risicreb cdmut tbi rmoi ma emhhulfty mrgclfzctfmls fl smefco fllmvctfml tbct riemglfzis tbi rmoi ma eftfzils cs ixpirts ml omeco ixpirfilei (@cvfis cl` Ufhml ����: Girmhittc it co. ����). Pbfs wmrj fs fhpmrtclt diecusi ft f`iltfffiis tbi vcoui eftfzils drflg tm fllmvctfml prmeissis, fl pcrtfeuocr, cs pcrtlirs fl `fcglmsflg omeco prmdoihs, `ipomyflg ulusi` emhhulfty rismureis cl` em-prm`ueflg smoutfmls. Bmwivir, tbisi cpprmcebis matil struggoi tm tcji ceemult ma tbi tceft jlmwoi`gi, ihdi``i` smefco rioctfmlsbfps cl` bfstmrfeco ivilts tbct sbcpi `ylchfes cl` pmwir fl tbi prisilt. Mli cfh ma tbfs pcpir tbiriamri, fs tm drf`gi ditwiil ihirgflg risicreb cdmut eftfzil pcrtfefpctfml cl` smefco fllmvctfml cl` c wf`ir dm`y ma risicreb cdmut tbi efty cl` ul`irstcl`flg poceis. Wi aiio ‟pocei `faairilei‘ maairs c hicls ma f`iltfayflg cl` clcoysflg omeco `ylchfes cl` emllietfmls tbct hcy lmt di vfsfdoi mr oigfdoi usflg hmri emlviltfmlco cpprmcebis tm stu`yflg poceis. Ft coomws us tm tbflj cdmut poceis cs ivir ebclgflg emhdflctfmls ma smefco, euoturco cl` pbysfeco cssits, rctbir tbcl cs poceis tbct cri ffixi` fl tfhi mr spcei. Wi Wi diofivi tbfs hcttirs tm tbfljflg cdmut smefco fllmvctfml, fl pcrtfeuocr, tm tbi wcy fllmvctfmls cri trclsairri` armh pocei tm pocei mr sustcfli` cl` secoi` wftbfl c pocei. C `ylchfe ul`irstcl`flg ma pocei tbct siijs mut omecooy spiefffie emllietfmls cl` prmeissis, rctbir tbcl ameusflg ml suracei sfhfocrftfis, wfoo rivico tbct omeco emltixt fs cowcys vcrfi` cl` wfoo gilircti `faairilt mutemhis. Pbfs wcy ma tbfljflg cdmut poceis ecl emltrfduti tm ul`irstcl`flg cdmut bmw cl` wby poceis tbrfvi mr struggoi, fllmvcti mr stcglcti. Fllmvctfml fs cdmut gilirctflg f`ics, sustcflflg cl` secoflg tbisi fl tbi auturi. ^oceis tbct cri ixpirfileflg c`virsfty, cs tbi risuot ma iemlmhfe tril`s mr diecusi ma trcuhcs ofji fflmm`flg, matil bcvi tbi r fgbt eml`ftfmls tm spcrj liw f`ics mr cpprmcebis tm omeco lii`s, dut tbisi `m lmt lieisscrfoy survfvi mlei tbi flftfco iltbusfcsh mr ebcooilgi fs mvir. Mur bmpi fs tbct ‟pocei `faairilei‘ ecl maair c wcy ma ul`irstcl`flg tbi spiefffieftfis ma omeco emltixt cl` tbi eml`ftfmls tbct lii` tm di hit fl iceb cric amr fllmvctfmls tm grmw cl` di tisti`, secocdoi cl` sustcflcdoi.
5 @iviompflg ‟pocei `faairilei‘ cs c prcetfeco tmmo Pbi cfh ma tbfs prmkiet bcs diil tm tist wbitbir ft fs pmssfdoi tm trclsocti Hmomteb it co‖s ‟pocei `faairilei‘ archiwmrj fltm c rismurei, wbfeb fs dmtb prcetfeco cl` ripofecdoi, amr mrgclfzctfmls wcltflg tm ul`irstcl` tbi `ylchfes ma poceis. Pbi emhpcrctfvi stu`y ma Qilturc Qilturc cl` Ucltc Dcrdcrc wcs eml`ueti` dy cl cec`ihfe risicreb tich wbm fltirvfiwi` ��� pimpoi, rivfiwi` pmofey pmofey cl`
3
Hmomteb it co `rcw ml Gf``il‖s struet urctfml tbimry tm `iserfd i tbi wcy ‟trc` ftfml‘ sbcpis cl` fs sbcpi` dy omeco rispmlsis tm ixtirlco amreis. Uii Gf``ils 3620 wmrj wmrj Pbi Emlstftutfml ma Umefity; Mutofli ma tbi Pbimry ma Utrueturctfml.
Umefco Armltfirs
Fllmvctflg poceis; c liw rmoi amr ‟pocei `faairilei‘ Ucaarml Wmm`ercat Wmm`ercat & Lfemoc Dceml, Umefco Ofai
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pocllflg `meuhilts, hihmfrs cl` omeco hi`fc ripmrts spcllflg c pirfm` ma ��� yicrs, cl` `iviompi` c luhdir ma qucltftctfvi fl`fectmrs. C risicreb prmkiet ml tbfs secoi fs diyml` tbi sempi ma hcly mrgclfzctfmls wmrjflg fl mr wftb poceis ul`irgmflg ebclgi: fl hcly ecsis dmtb aul`flg cl` tfhi cvcfocdoi tm `i`fecti tm tbfs jfl` ma wmrj cri ofhfti`. Mli ma tbi jiy quistfmls amr tbfs prmkiet, tbiriamri, fs wbitbir wi ecl ericti c prcetfeco tmmo tbct fs ecpcdoi ma ecpturflg smhi ma tbi rfebliss ma Hmomteb it co‖s Qilturc cl` Ucltc Dcrdcrc risicreb, wftbmut ul`irhflflg tbi rmdustliss ma tbi stu`y. Mur stcrtflg pmflt wcs, ffirst, tm ixpomri tbi prflefpois ma ‟pocei `faairilei‘ tm `itirhfli bmw wi emuo` mdsirvi, hcp cl` clcoyzi ‟omeco ocsb ups‘. Uieml`, tm tbflj cdmut `isfglflg c emleiptuco tmmo cl` risicreb hitbm` tbct fs prmpmrtfmlcti cl` ripofecdoi tbiriamri caamr`cdoi amr mtbirs tm usi. Cl`, tbfr`, tm cssiss wbitbir wi ecl gilircti ilmugb o meco flsfgbts cl` flamrhctfml usflg tbfs cpprmceb tm f`iltfay liw wcys ma tbfljflg cdmut cl` wmrjflg wftb poceis tbct wfoo di ma vcoui tm smefco fllmvctmrs. Pbfs icroy wmrj fs dmtb shcoo-secoi cl` ixpomrctmry. ixpomrctmry. Mur fltiltfml wftb tbfs pcpir fs tm tist tbi bypmtbisfs tbct c ‟pocei `faairilei‘ hm`io ecl di ma vcoui dy ixpomrflg tbi aicsfdfofty ma tbi cpprmceb cl` digfllflg tm ixpomri pmssfdoi risicreb hitbm`s cl` fl`fectmrs. Pbfs sietfml ma tbi pcpir `iserfdis tbi prmeiss ma trclsoctflg cl` stcrtflg tm cppoy c pocei `faairilei hm`io tm twm ecsi stu`y crics; Drfxtml fl smutb Oml`ml cl` Hcohñ fl Uwi`il. Wi f`iltfay c luhdir ma ebcooilgis cl` quistfmls tbct auturi risicreb r isicreb emuo` c``riss.
5.3 ^foocrs ma ‟pocei `faairilei‘ Mur ffirst stip wcs tm ericti c hitbm` amr f`iltfayflg ‟omecooy spiefffie ocsb-ups‘ ct c pcrtfeuocr pmflt fl tfhi, tbct emuo` archi cl ixpomrctfml fltm tbi lcturi ma tbisi emhdflctfmls ma smefco, euoturco, iemlmhfe cl` ilvfrmlhiltco acetmrs. Mur cfh wcs tm hcp tbi fltircetfmls ditwiil f`ics, euoturco ocl`hcrjs cl` bfstmrfeco ivilts, cs wioo cs pmoftfeco emllietfmls cl` emhhulfty cssmefctfmls, cl` tm f`iltfay c hitbm` ma ulicrtbflg tbi tceft jlmwoi`gi cl` ihdm`fi` rioctfmlsbfps tbct sbcpi rispmlsis tm fltirviltfmls. Pm `m tbfs wi f`iltfffii` sivil ‟pfoocrs ma pocei `faairilei‘, cgcflst cgcflst wbfeb wi emuo` hcp mut omeco cssits cl` rioctfmlsbfps cl` tbi emllietfmls ditwiil tbih (sii ffiguri �). Pbi sivil pfoocrs cri; •
Umefco eml`ftfmls; fltil`i` tm riffliet hicsurcdoi smefco eml`ftfmls sueb cs bmusibmo` flemhi, pudofe bicotb cl` `iprfvctfml `ctc, tbi typi cl` eml`ftfml ma bmusflg stmej, mr i`uectfmlco cttcflhilt: cl`, litwmrjs ma smefco rioctfmlsbfps fleou`flg amrhco cl` flamrhco, cssmefctfmlco, acftb-dcsi` mr efvfe litwmrjs
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Euoturco systihs cl` cssits; fltil`i` tm riffliet euoturco systihs cl` syhdmofe cssits tbct ixirt flffluilei mvir eurrilt ixpirfilei, fleou`flg spiefffie euoturco systihs ofji Drfxtml‖s Carm-Ecrfddicl emhhulftfis mr Lueoicr @cwl hurco, mr Hcohñ‖s huotf-itblfe Husofh emhhulftfis
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^moftfeco emltixt; fltil`i` tm `iserfdi amrhco cl` flamrhco gmvirlclei systihs sueb cs tbi flffluilei ma omeco cl` lctfmlco pmoftfes, tbi ebcrcetir ma omeco pmoftfeco rioctfmlsbfps, pmoftfeco ivilts dmtb prisilt cl` pcst
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F`ics, pmofefis cl` `fsemursi; fltil`i` tm `iserfdi tbi flffluilei ma f`ics, sueb cs Drfxtml‖s Prclsftfml Pmwl hmvihilt, pmofefis sueb cs Ochditb Emulefo‖s ‟Em-mpirctfvi Emulefo‘, mr `fsemursi sueb cs tbi tbfljflg cl` prcetfei crmul` c ‟smefcooy sustcflcdoi Hcohñ‘ flvmovflg tbi Efty cutbmrftfis, cec`ihfe flstftutfmls cl` pudofe cgilefis
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Iemlmhfe eml`ftfmls; fleou`flg hicsurcdoi `ctc cdmut tbi emhpmsftfml ma omeco iemlmhfis, dmtb amrhco cl` flamrhco, cl` omeco spiefcofshs, cs wioo cs omecooy-spiefffie emllietfmls tm rigfmlco, lctfmlco cl` gomdco hcrjits
Umefco Armltfirs
Fllmvctflg poceis; c liw rmoi amr ‟pocei `faairilei‘ Ucaarml Wmm`ercat Wmm`ercat & Lfemoc Dceml, Umefco Ofai
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Flstftutfmlco emllietfmls; fleou`flg tbi prisilei, `ilsfty, spiefcofshs ma prfvcti, pudFlstftutfmlco ofe cl` efvfe flstftutfmls cl` tbi bmrfzmltco cl` virtfeco litwmrjs ditwiil tbih
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Ilvfrmlhiltco eml`ftfmls; fltil`i` tm riffliet dmtb tbi lcturco cl` dufot ilIlvfrmlhiltco vfrmlhilt, cl` tbi wcy tbisi cssits cri put tm wmrj omecooy.
Wi cejlmwoi`gi tbct smhi ma tbisi tirhs r iqufri eomsir `iffilftfml cl` wmuo` diliffit armh smhi `iofdirctfml cdmut bmw tbiy cri cppofi`, fl pcrtfeuocr, `iffilftfmls ma euoturco systihs mr syhdmofe cssits, mr prmvf`flg aurtbir eocrfty cdmut tirhs ofji smefco mr iemlmhfe eml`ftfmls. Bmwiv Bmwivir, ir, wbfoi wi cejlmwoi`gi tbisi ebcooilgis sueb c `idcti fs diyml` tbi sempi ma tbfs sbmrt, ixpomrctmry pcpir. pcpir. Afguri �; Uivil pfoocrs ma ‟pocei `faairilei‘
5.4 Hcppflg ‟ebcrcetir ma pocei‘ Pbi sivil pfoocr archiwmrj wcs usi` tm f`iltfay cl` hcp omecooy-spiefffie emhdflctfmls ma pimpoi, poceis, pmoftfes, tbflgs cl` f`ics, fl tbrii crics wbiri Umefco Ofai bcs rieiltoy ecrrfi` mut omeco fllmvctfml prmkiets; Drfxtml fl smutb Oml`ml, Hcohñ fl Uwi`il, cl` Ebfecgm‖s smutb sf`i lifgbdmurbmm`s. Fl tbi lixt sietfml wi `fseuss mli ma tbisi ecsi stu`y crics, Drfxtml, cl` `iserfdi bmw wi bcvi usi` tbi f`ic ma ‟pocei `faairilei‘ tm foouhflcti omeco `ylchfes tbct cri fltclgfdoi dut bfgboy flffluiltfco fl sbcpflg omeco rispmlsis tm ebclgi cl` fllmvctfml.� Wi tbil drfiffly `fseuss tbi jiy pmflts armh mur ecsi stu`y ma Hcohñ. Umefco Ofai bcs wmrji` ml twm prmkiets f l Drfxtml mvir tbi pcst �� hmltbs. Afrst, wftb Drfxtml Griil, c emhhulfty mwli` hutuco mrgclfzctfml tbct wcs amrhi` tm gfvi omeco risf`ilts c vmfei fl tbi ri`iviomphilt ma Umhiroiytml Tmc`, cl ul`ir-usi` strfp ma ocl` fl tbi eiltri ma Drfxtml. Uieml`, wftb tbi Oml`ml Dmrmugb ma Ochditb tm `iviomp c liw cpprmceb tm flvmovflg risf`ilts fl `iefsfml-hcjflg fl istcti rigilirctfml sebihis (sii Dceml ����). F l Hcohñ tbi Umefco Ofai tich bcs wmrji` wftb tbi Efty ml tbrii prmkiets; ul`irstcl`flg Hcohñ‖s fllmvctfml stmry fl ����-��: ixpomrflg wioodiflg cl` risfofilei fl mli pirfpbirco `fvirsi cric fl ����-��: cl` fl ����, ixpomrflg c liw poceihcjflg hm`io amr tbi Efty, cl` bmw tbfs emuo` di suppmrti` dy smefco flvisthilt. Fl pripcrflg tbisi ixpomrctmry ‟pocei `faairilei‘ stu`fis wi bcvi usi` c emhdflctfml ma risicreb 4
Wmr` ofhfts bcvi bcvi privilti` us armh fleou`flg tbi auoo Hcohñ ecsi stu`y mr tbi Ebfecgm ecsi stu`y. Bmwivir, fl tbi emleousfml wi riffliet ml flsfgbts cl` oissmls armh usflg tbi ‟pocei `faairilei‘ archiwmrj fl coo tbrii crics.
Umefco Armltfirs
Fllmvctflg poceis; c liw rmoi amr ‟pocei `faairilei‘ Ucaarml Wmm`ercat Wmm`ercat & Lfemoc Dceml, Umefco Ofai
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hitbm`s tm f`iltfay cl` hcp omecooy-spiefffie ‟ocsb ups‘ fl tbi ecsi stu`y crics, fleou`flg c rcpf` cssit cl` litwmrj hcppflg ixirefsi cl` qucoftctfvi fltirvfiws wftb emulefo maffiefcos, fl`fvf`ucos flvmovi` flvmov i` wftb emhhulfty mrgclfzctfmls, cl` pimpoi `iofvirflg armlt ofli sirvfeis tm tbi emhhulfty. Pbfs ixirefsi ixirefsi cosm `riw ml `ctc privfmusoy emooieti` dy Umefco Ofai, cl` ml flsfgbts cl` `friet ixpirfilei armh mur wmrj. Amr tbi auoo Drfxtml ecsi stu`y wi cttihpti` tm f`iltfay cl` hcp cermss tbi sivil pocei `faairilei pfoocrs tbi omecooy-spiefffie emhdflctfmls tbct emltrfduti tm Drfxtml‖s omeco ebcrcetir. Wi Wi usi` c sfhpoi, arii smefco litwmrj clcoysfs tmmo tm hcp tbfs `ctc tm dufo` up c pfeturi ma tbi emllietfmls ditwiil `faairilt omeco ioihilts.� Uieml`, wi hc`i c qucoftctfvi cssisshilt ma tbi hmst flffluiltfco ioihilts fl iceb pocei (sii ffiguri), dy wbfeb wi hicl ioihilts tbct cri ixirtflg cl flffluilei mvir eurrilt rispmlsis, ixpirfileis cl` `iefsfml-hcjflg. `iefsfml-hcjflg. Amr tbi purpmsis ma tbfs pcpir pcpir mur cssisshilt wcs dcsi` ml qucoftctfvi fltirvfiws cl` mdsirvctfml ma tbi `ylchfes ct wmrj fl iceb pocei `urflg mur fllmvctfml prmkiets. Cs c lixt stip fl `iviompflg ‟pocei `faairilei‘ cs c emleiptuco cl` prcetfeco hm`io, wi prmpmsi tm `iviomp c risicreb tmmo - c surviy cl` c sit ma fl`fectmrs - tm systihctfzi tbfs pcrt ma tbi risicreb prmeiss. Pbfr`, wi cttihpti` tm cppoy Hmomteb it co‖s f`ic ma ‟trc`ftfml‘ dy flvistfg flvistfgctflg ctflg bmw Drfxtml‖s ebcrcetir flffluileis omeco rispmlsis tm ixtirlco amreis ameusflg ml Drfxtml Griil‖s wmrj ml Umhiroiytml Tmc`.
5.5 Ecsi stu`y; Wbct hcjis Drfxtml ofji Drfxtml= Drfxtml fs c risf`iltfco cric ma smutb Oml`ml tbct fs wioo emllieti` tm tbi rist ma tbi Efty. Ft bcs c pmpuoctfml ma ��,���, wftb c fflmurfsbflg hcrjit cl` sbmppflg cric, cl` c grmwflg luhdir ma amm`riocti` dusflissis. Ft fs wioo-jlmwl amr fts itblfe `fvirsfty cl` bfstmry ma cttrcetflg pimpoi wbm cri crtfstfe mr fltiristi` fl cotirlctfvi ofaistyois. Drfxtml wcs dufot cs c hf``oi eocss sudurd fl tbi hf` ��tb eiltury. Ioietrfe Cvilui, Cvilui, fl tbi bicrt ma Drfxtml, wcs tbi ffirst Oml`ml striit tm di oft dy ioietrfefty. Drfxtml wcs dmhdi` fl tbi sieml` wmro` wcr cl` hcly ma tbisi gcp sftis, comlgsf`i sftis armh souh eoicrcleis, wiri `iviompi` cs ocrgi emulefo istctis armh tbi ����s mlwcr`s. Pbi ffirst hfgrclts armh tbi Ecrfddicl ― tbi ‟Wfl`rusb gilirctfml‘ ― crrfvi` fl tbi cric armh ���� mlwcr`s. Pbifr ffirst sbiotir wcs fl tbi `iip tudi stctfmls fl licrdy Eocpbch. Drfxtml‖s prfvcti rilti` bmusflg wcs tbi licrist ceeissfdoi cl` caamr`cdoi bmusflg. Dy tbi ����s Drfxtml bc` diemhi tbi eiltri ma Oml`ml‖s grmwflg Ecrfddicl emhhulfty, dut pmvirty, pmvirty, `fserfhflctfml cl` pmmr i`uectfml wiri emhhml cl` wmrj mppmrtulftfis wiri ofhfti`. Pbi Drfxtml rfmts fl ���� wiri tbi dfggist ma c wcvi ma uprfsflgs fl Ilgocl` tbct yicr, spcrji` dy tilsfmls ditwiil tbi docej emhhulfty cl` tbi pmofei, cl` bfgb ulihpomyhilt chmlg Drfxtml‖s docej risf`ilts. Pbi ilqufry fltm Drfxtml‖s rfmts, tbi Uecrhcl ripmrt pudofsbi` fl ����, sit tbi archiwmrj amr c liw cpprmceb tm tcejoflg rcefsh, cl` wcs viry flffluiltfco fl sudsiquilt lctfmlco pmofey cl` prcetfei ml cric rigilirctfml. Tfmts bcppili` cgcfl fl ���� cl` fl amoomwflg yicrs fleou`flg fl ����. Catir tbi ����s mtbir liw emhhulftfis crrfvi` fl Drfxtml, matil flspfri` dy t bi cric‖s euoturco `fvirsfty,, fts bfstmry ma prmtist cl` cotirlctfvi ofaistyois, cl` fts rioctfvioy caamr`cdoi bmusflg. Drfxvirsfty tml‖s squcts cl` sbmrt ofai emmps fl tbi ����s cl` ����s emltrfduti` tm tbi crts cl` euoturco birftcgi ma tbi cric: dmtb Qfleilt Qcl Qcl Gmgb cl` @chfil Bfrst ofvi` fl Drfxtml fl tbifr tfhi. Fl tbi ocst aiw yicrs, Drfxtml, ofji hcly fllir efty Oml`ml lifgbdmurbmm`s, bcs ixpirfilei` rcpf`oy rfsflg prmpirty prfeis, liw iemlmhfe cetfvfty, cetfvfty, cl` c grmwflg luhdir ma ymulg prmaissfmlco bmhiduyirs wbm cri cttrceti` dy tbi cric‖s euoturco `fvirsfty, lfgbtofai cl` ristcurclts, cl` gmm` trclspmrt emllietfmls. Pbfs ebclgi fs ixihpofffii` dy Drfxtml Qfoocgi, Qfoocgi, c rivfv r ivfvco co ma tbi Grclvfooi Crec`i tbct fs pcrt ma Drfxtml hcrjit dufot fl tbi ����s. Pbi rivftcofzctfml ma tbi Grclvfooi Crec`i digcl fl ���� cs c ‟hiclwbfoi pr mkiet‘ ― maairflg ihpty sbmps fl tbi pcrtoy-vceclt crec`i riltarii amr tbrii hmltbs tm liw mr ihirgflg dusflissis, amm` vilturis mr mrgclfzctfmls. Pm`cy Pm`cy Drfxtml Qfoocgi Qfoocgi fs tbrfvflg cl` bcs kust mpili` Drfxtml‖s ffirst ebchpcgli dcr, prmhptflg clgry prmtists armh Vuppfis Vuppfis Mut c grmup echpcfglflg cgcflst giltrfffiectfml fl smutb Oml`ml. Mpflfmls `faair cdmut wbitbir Drfxtml‖s iemlmhfe ebclgis bcvi ericti` liw wicotb cl` mppmrtulfty amr omlgstcl`flg omeco risf`ilts, mr fa tbi hcfl diliffit bcs diil amr pimpoi armh mutsf`i Drfxtml cl` liwemhirs tm tbi cric. Hiclwbfoi, hcly risf`ilts armh hmri istcdofsbi` emhhulftfis fl Drfxtml emltflui tm struggoi. Umhi wcr`s, fleou`flg Emo`bcrdmur (wbfeb fleou`is Drfxtml Qfoocgi) Qfoocgi) cri 5
Cglc fs tbi smefco litwmrj clcoysfs smatwcri usi` amr tbfs prmkiet.
Umefco Armltfirs
Fllmvctflg poceis; c liw rmoi amr ‟pocei `faairilei‘ Ucaarml Wmm`ercat Wmm`ercat & Lfemoc Dceml, Umefco Ofai
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chmlgst tbi hmst `iprfvi` fl Oml`ml: cl` fl tbisi crics wioodiflg cl` risfofilei cri omw. ^moftfeco cetfvfsh cl` rc`fecofsh bcvi diil c strmlg ebcrcetirfstfe ma Drfxtml, dmtb wftbfl cl` mutsf`i amrhco flstftutfmls, mvir tbi pcst �� yicrs. Comlgsf`i grcss rmmts prmtist, Ochditb Emulefo (tbi Oml`ml dmrmugb tbct fleou`is Drfxtml) wcs ebcrcetirfsi` cs ‟ommly oiat‘ fl tbi ����s cl` riausi` tm emmpircti wftb eiltrco gmvirlhilt ffilclefco emlstrcflts. Fl rieilt yicrs tbi Ocdmur c`hflfstrctfml bcs `iviompi` fts ‟em-mpirctfvi emulefo‘ cpprmceb, wbfeb prmhmtis tbi flvmov flvmovihilt ihilt ma risf`ilts cl` omeco emhhulftfis fl sirvfei pocllflg cl` `iofviry. Drfxtml lmw bcs strmlg omeco hi`fc fl tbi drfxtmldomg cl` Dugoi, cl` prf`i fl fts birftcgi; c liw Docej Birftcgi Eiltri fs diflg dufot. Drfxtml bcs hcly, hcly, `fvirsi emhhulfty mrgclfzctfmls wbm pocy c sfglfffieclt rmoi fl omeco pmoftfes, cetfvfsh, cl` omeco cetfvftfis cl` ivilts. Drfxtml bcs c pcrtfeuocroy strmlg cl` wioo-istcdofsbi` litwmrj ma emhhulfty-dcsi` ilvfrmlhiltco mrgclfzctfmls cl` cetfvfsts emleirli` wftb amm` grmwflg cl` urdcl cgrfeuoturi. Pbiri fs c omeco eurriley, tbi Drfxtml ^mul`: Drfxtml Ilirgy sits up emmpirctfvioy mwli` riliwcdoi ilirgy prmkiets ml omeco istctis, cl` Prclsftfml Pmwl Pmwl Drfxtml wcs mli ma tbi ffirst ma fts jfl` fl cl urdcl cric. Dut tbiri cri cosm vfsfdoi sfgls ma tbi prissuri Drfxtml‖s emhhulftfis cri aceflg. Cs fl hcly pcrts ma fllir efty Oml`ml, c smup jftebil bcs diil stcrti`. Pbi omlgir stcl`flg erictfvi emhhulfty, emhhulfty, oflji` tm tbi squcttflg hmvihilt fs lmw oiss vfsfdoi tbcl fl amrhir yicrs. Umhi pimpoi bcvi oiat cs tbi bmusflg pr feis rmsi: hcly squcts cl` sbmrt ofai emmps bcvi diil ivfeti`.
Drfxtml‖s hcly cl` `fvirsi emhhulftfis bcvi crrfvi` fl `fstflet wcvis mvir tfhi. Pbi giltrfffiirs ma �� yicrs cgm cri lmw ct tbi amriarmlt ma emleirl, `idcti cl` prmtist cdmut omeco pimpoi diflg prfei` mut ma tbi cric. Pbiri cri tilsfmls ditwiil omlgir stcl`flg cl` liw grmups ma risf`ilts, cl` ditwiil tbmsi armh `faairilt smefco eocssis. Mo`ir istcdofsbi` emhhulftfis ― docej cl` wbfti - lmw emhpiti wftb hcly `faairilt liw emhirs amr c vmfei fl omeco fssuis. Pbiri cri fltilsi aiioflgs wftbfl Drfxtml‖s hcly `fvirsi emhhulftfis cdmut tbifr auturi cl` prmtietflg wbct tbiy vcoui cdmut Drfxtml‖s omeco ebcrcetir, ebcrcetir, fl pcrtfeuocr, fts vfdrclt striit ofai cl` euoturco birftcgi, cl` smefcooy cl` rcefcooy hfxi` emhhulftfis.
5.0 Ebcrcetir cl` trc`ftfml ct wmrj fl Drfxtml Armh tbfs hcppflg ixirefsi, qucoftctfvi fltirvfiws cl` mdsirvctfml, wi f`iltfffii` amur erftfeco ioihilts ma Drfxtml‖s ‟pocei ebcrcetir‘ tbct ixirt c pmwirauo flffluilei mvir emltihpmrcry omeco rispmlsis tm ebclgi cl` fllmvctfml. Pbisi cri ffirst, Drfxtml‖s bfstmry ma fl-hfgrctfml cl` `ihmgrcpbfe ebclgi, cl` tbi ihirgilei ma c omeco f`iltfty tbct ihdrceis pourcofsh cl` `fvirsfty cs jiy tm Drfxtml‖s Drfxtml‖s silsi ma sioa. Uieml`, tbi pcrtfeuocr fhpcet ma tbi Ecrfddicl Ecrfddicl cl` squcttflg emhhulftfis, cl` tbi riqufrihilt amr omeco cetfvfsh tm prmtiet tbifr oigcefis. Pbfr`, c omeco trc`ftfml ma mppmsftfmlco prmtist cl` cetfvfsh tbct bcs fleou`i` rfmts, prmtist dy omeco pimpoi cgcflst eiltrco gmvirlhilt cl` pmpuocr eurrilt prmtists cgcflst giltrfffiectfml. Amurtb, fs Drfxtml‖s striit ofai tbct eoicroy hcjis vfsfdoi tbi cric‖s `fvirsfty cl` gomdco emllietfmls; riggci pocyflg armh tfly sbmps squiizi` fltm rcfowcy crebis, hcrjit stcoos, sbmp armlts tbct spfoo mltm tbi striit, rmws ma fl`ipil`ilt arisb amm` siooirs spiefcofzflg fl Ecrfddicl cl` Octfl Chirfecl amm`, Carfecl acdrfes, c dfeyeoi em-mp tbct fs lmw �� yicrs mo`. Drfxtml‖s ebcrcetir fs bfgboy vfsfdoi, fl c silsi piramrhctfvi, cl` riflamrei` tbrmugb iviry`cy rmutflis cl` rbytbhs. Pbisi ioihilts rismlcti rismlcti fl pmwirauo wcys fl emltihpmrcry emltihpmrcry `idctis cdmut ebclgi fl Drfxtml. Iceb mli diechi cppcrilt fl mur wmrj wftb Drfxtml Griil cdmut tbi `iviomphilt ma Umhiroiytml Tmc`, cl` sbcpi` tbi wcy tbct risf`ilts, dusflissis cl` emhhulfty-dcsi` mrgclfzctfmls echi tmgitbir tm ericti c pocl amr tbi prmpmsi` `iviomphilt tbct prmtieti` cl` pr isirvi` wbct omeco pimpoi vcoui cdmut Drfxtml‖s ebcrcetir ebcrcetir.. Drfxtml fs stfoo strmlgoy `iffili` dy twm amrhiroy strmlg emhhulftfis wbmsi pmwirs bcvi wcli`; tbi Ecrfddicl emhhulfty cl` tbi cotirlctfvi squcttflg cl` sbmrt ofai hmvihilt ma tbi octi ��tb eiltury. Fl mur wmrj wftb Drfxtml‖s risf`ilts cl` dusflissis, wi amul` eirtcfl poceis, dufo`flgs cl` mdkiets tm pocy cl fhpmrtclt rmoi fl ecrryflg Drfxtml‖s ebcrcetir, ebcrcetir, fl pcrtfeuocr fl rioctfml tm tbisi twm emhhulftfis. C omeco hurco, tbi rierictfml eiltri, sbmps, mpil spceis, pocy c viry fhpmrtclt rmoi fl omeco `idctis. Fl fltirvfiws cl` mdsirvctfmls ft diechi eoicr tbct tbisi poceis cl`
Umefco Armltfirs
Fllmvctflg poceis; c liw rmoi amr ‟pocei `faairilei‘ Ucaarml Wmm`ercat Wmm`ercat & Lfemoc Dceml, Umefco Ofai
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mdkiets hctirfcofzi fltclgfdoi f`ics cdmut omeco mwlirsbfp, tirrftmry cl` sbcri` bfstmry, cl` fl tbfs silsi tbiy diemhi cgilts mr cetmrs fl tbi stmry, prmeiss cl` prcetfei ma ebclgi fl Drfxtml. Amr ixchpoi, c omeco hurco tmmj ml pcrtfeuocr sfglfffieclei fl `idctis cdmut Umhiroiytml Tmc` cl` Drfxtml‖s pcst cl` auturi `iviomphilt. `iviomphilt. ‟Pbi Lueoicr @cwl‘ hurco fs ml tbi sf`i ma Ecrotml Hclsfmls, c sbmrt ofai emhhulfty ul`ir tbrict ma ivfetfml, wbfeb fs lixt tm tbi Umhiroiytml Tmc` `iviomphilt sfti cl` mppmsfti Drfxtml Qfoocgi. ^rmtietflg cl` prisirvflg ‟Pbi Lueoicr @cwl‘ hurco wcs c hckmr emleirl amr hcly pimpoi, dmtb cs c bfstmrfe euoturco ocl`hcrj fl fts mwl rfgbt, cs c hicls tm cejlmwoi`gi tbi fhpmrtclei ma Ecrotml Hclsfmls tm Drfxtml‖s emmpirctfvi bmusflg hmvihilt, cl` smhi pimpoi wmuo` scy, cs c syhdmo ma tbi omeco ffigbt cgcflst giltrfffiectfml. Drfxtml‖s trc`ftfml ma prmtist fs `iffili` dy pmoftfeco cetfvfsh, vmeco mppmsftfml cl` emltisti` `idctis. Eurrilt omeco `idctis cdmut giltrfffiectfml giltrfffiectfml cri bicti` cl` prmtists ecl ecl di ffiirei. Fl mur wmrj wftb Drfxtml Griil, omeco emleirl cdmut giltrfffiectfml `frietoy flffluilei` tbi f`ics cl` prmpmscos tbct risf`ilts put amrwcr` amr tbi wcy Umhiroiytml Tmc` sbmuo` di `iviompi`. Jiy emleirls wiri prmvf`flg omw-emst caamr`cdoi bmusflg amr rilt a mr omeco pimpoi, ilemurcgflg emhhulftfis tbct wiri smefcooy cl` itblfecooy hfxi`, fleou`flg mptfmls amr sioa dufo` bmusflg cl` fltirist fl emmwlirsbfp. Hmst fhpmrtcltoy, omeco pimpoi wclti` tm sii pmwir cl` flffluilei mvir `iefsfml-hcjflg amr tbi omeco emhhulfty, dmtb `urflg tbi pocllflg prmeiss cl` omlg-tirh tbrmugb smhi amrh ma omeco gmvirlclei. Afguri 4; Lueoicr @cwl hurco ml Ecrotml Hclsfmls, Drfxtml
Umurei; Drfcl Dcrlis cl` Ebrfstfli Pbmhcs, fflfejr
Umefco Armltfirs
Fllmvctflg poceis; c liw rmoi amr ‟pocei `faairilei‘ Ucaarml Wmm`ercat Wmm`ercat & Lfemoc Dceml, Umefco Ofai
Afguri 5 ‟Ebcrcetir ma pocei‘ cl` ‟trc`ftfml‘ flffluileflg pocls amr Umhiroiytml Tmc`
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Umefco Armltfirs
Fllmvctflg poceis; c liw rmoi amr ‟pocei `faairilei‘ Ucaarml Wmm`ercat Wmm`ercat & Lfemoc Dceml, Umefco Ofai
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Fl Drfxtml, wi sii bmw liw flftfctfvis tbct maail` cgcflst Drfxtml‖s bfstmry ma pourcofsh cl` ceeiptclei ma hcrgflcofzi` grmups matil oic` t m omeco mppmsftfml. Wi cosm sii bmw tbi syhdmofe pmwir ma tbi istcdofsbi` docej cl` ‟squcttir‘ emhhulftfis fs strmlgir tbcl tbifr amrhco flffluilei ml omeco `iefsfml-hcjflg. Pbiy bcvi ericti` fhpmrtclt euoturco cssits tbct `ihcl` rispiet. Fl Drfxtml, ft fs fhpmrtclt tm fleou`i tbi auoo dric`tb ma omeco emhhulftfis fl smefco cetfml ― c emleirl tbct wcs rcfsi` ripicti`oy fl mur wmrj wftb Drfxtml Griil. Pbfs wmrj suggists tbct Drfxtml‖s ebcrcetir cl` trc`ftfml bcvi ilcdoi` tbi cric tm c`cpt tm ebclgi mvir rieilt `iec`is, wbfoi ritcflflg hcly ma fts `fstfletfvi smefco cl` euoturco vcouis cl` cssits. Bmwivir, Bmwiv ir, mur ecsi stu`y ma Hcohñ fl Uwi`il, suggists tbi efty‖s ebcrcetir cl` trc`ftfml, wbfeb wiri ffit amr purpmsi fl tbi ��tb eiltury, cri prmvflg oiss cpprmprfcti amr hcly ma fts erftfeco ��st eiltury ebcooilgis. Ofhfts ml wmr` emult hicl tbiri fs lmt spcei spcei tm fleou`i c auoo ecsi stu`y cdmut Hcohñ fl tbfs pcpir, bmwivir, bmwivir, wi bcvi cppofi` tbi schi ‟pocei `faairilei‘ archiwmrj tm ixpomri Hcohñ‖s ebcrcetir cl` trc`ftfml. Pbfs bcs maairi` c usiauo oils tm ixpomri tbi efty‖s eurrilt strilgtbs, wicjlissis, cl` pmtiltfco tm lurturi smefco fllmvctfml.
0 Ecsi stu`y; ‟Wbct hcjis Hcohñ ofji Hcohñ=‘ Hcohñ fs fl smutbirl Uwi`il. Ft fs tbi emultry‖s tbfr` ocrgist efty dy pmpuoctfml cl` mli ma tbi ocrgist fl Uecl`flcvfc. Hcohñ wcs cl fl`ustrfco cl` sbfpdufo`flg eiltri ultfo tbi octi ����s. Hcohñ bcs diil c`ipt ct flffluileflg wf`ir archiwmrjs ― ma gmvirlhilt cl` smefity ― tm ericti tbi eml`ftfmls tbct bcvi coomwi` ft tm tbrfvi. C ‟pocei `faairilei‘ clcoysfs suggists Hcohñ‖s ebcrcetir stihs armh fts gimgrcpbfeco omectfml, tbi strilgtbs cl` wicjlissis ma fts iemlmhy iemlmhy,, fts birftcgi ma smefco smof`crfty, tbi strmlg rioctfmlsbfp ditwiil ma omeco pmoftfefcls cl` tbmsi fl eiltrco gmvirlhilt, cl` fts rcpf`oy ebclgflg `ihmgrcpbfes. Hcohñ‖s gimgrcpby cl` prmxfhfty tm @ilhcrj, cl` tbiriamri tm Iurmpi, bcvi gfvil ft iemlmhfe c`vcltcgi, cl` cosm hc`i tbi efty c gctiwcy ma crrfvco amr iemlmhfe hfgrclts cl` riaugiis. Pbfs bcs ericti` tbi `fvirsi efty ma tm`cy. Hcohñ‖s trc`ftfml fs ebcrcetirfzi` dy tbi strmlg rioctfmlsbfps ditwiil omeco cl` eiltrco gmvirlhilt eihilti` iemlmhfe sueeiss up tm tbi ����s cl` ����s, cl` ul`irpflli` tbi efty‖s euoturco cl` iemlmhfe ridfrtb armh tbi ����s. Wi Wi sii tbfs fl tbi flffluilei Hcohñ‖s omeco flstftutfmls bc` fl tbi `iviomphilt ma tbi Uwi`fsb wioacri stcti, fl tbi Efty‖s hcluaceturflg sueeiss, cl` fl fts riflviltfml cs c efty ma euoturi cl` bfgb tieb sustcflcdoi fl`ustry fl tbi ocst twm t wm `iec`is. Hcohñ‖s sueeissis sueeissis bcvi diil oi` dy tbi cdfofty ma tbi Efty‖s ioftis tm wmrj wftb lctfmlco gmvirlhilt, cl` tm ihdrcei tril`s fl wf`ir smefity cl` tbi t bi iemlmhy, tm ercat smoutfmls tbct cri dceji` dy tbi Uwi`fsb stcti. Bmwivir tbi grmwtb ma c ocrgioy Husofh hflmrfty, ma sfglfffieclt sfzi cl` armh hcly emultrfis ma Bmwivir mrfgfl, matil ofvflg fl emlsf`ircdoi pmvirty cl` `iprfvctfml, bcs ebcooilgi` Hcohñ‖s cgilefis cl` biri wi sii tbi ocsb-ups tbct ul`irpfl Hcohñ‖s ebcrcetir acfo. @icoflg wftb pourcofty, wftb pimpoi armh `faairilt euoturco dcejgrmul`s, wftb `faairilt ixpietctfmls cl` ofai ixpirfileis, riqufris c sit ma sjfoos tbct cri viry `faairilt armh prmvf`flg bfgb qucofty wioacri sirvfeis amr c bmhmgilimus pmpuoctfml. Mli ixchpoi fs bmw pudofe cgilefis cl` flstftutfmls tcji ceemult ma omeco smefco litwmrjs cl` grmupflgs, tbi tfis wftbfl emhhulftfis tbct prmvf`i suppmrt cl` sioa-biop. Fl tbi pcst tbisi wiri eomsioy cssmefcti` wftb tbi cssmefctfmls - tbi ‟añrilflgcr‘― fleou`flg tbi eburebis, trc`i ulfmls tbct wiri ebcrcetirfstfe ma Uwi`fsb ofai. Pbi pmwir ma tbisi dm`fis fs lmw oiss tbcl fl tbi pcst, cl` fhhfgrclt emhhulftfis cri hmri ofjioy tm turl tm tbifr mwl litwmrjs amr biop cl` suppmrt. Pbiri fs smhi ivf`ilei tbct flamrhco suppmrt fl tbi `iprfvi` sudurds fs rioctfvioy strmlg, biopflg risf`ilts git dy fl tbi acei ma qufti prmamul` `iprfvctfml. Hcohñ‖s Hcohñ‖s cgilefis ffil` ft `faffieuot tm ilgcgi wftb tbisi smefco litwmrjs cs tbiy siih tihpmrcry cl` flsudstcltfco, emhpcri` tm tbi smof`fty ma tbi añrilflgcr. Uwi`fsb stctfstfes ml smefco lii` mloy emooiets `ctc ml añrilflgcr, rctbir tbcl oiss strueturi` vmoultiirflg cl` emooietfvi cetfml, pirpituctflg tbi lmtfml tbct oiss amrhco ‟sioa-biop‘ tbct bcs `iviompi` wftbfl itblfe hflmrfty emhhulftfis fs oiss vcof` tbcl Uwi`fsb flstftutfmls. Pbfs fs Hcohñ‖s fllmvctfml fllmvctfml ebcooilgi, cl` hcly ma tbi ebcooilgis tbct cgilefis cri aceflg fl ercatflg rispmlsis tm tbfs sftuctfml cri ixpocfli` dy tbfs clcoysfs ma ebcrcetir cl` trc`ftfml. t rc`ftfml.
Umefco Armltfirs
Fllmvctflg poceis; c liw rmoi amr ‟pocei `faairilei‘ Ucaarml Wmm`ercat Wmm`ercat & Lfemoc Dceml, Umefco Ofai
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� Emleousfml Mur stcrtflg pmflt amr tbfs wmrj wcs tm ixpomri wbitbir ‟pocei `faairilei‘ emuo` maair c hicls ma flvistfgctflg flvistfgctflg cl` ul`irstcl`flg tbi spiefffiefty ma omeco ixpirfilei, cl` fl `mflg sm tbrmw ofgbt ml bmw smefco fllmvctfml fs ericti` cl` sustcfli` fl pcrtfeuocr poceis. Mur cfh bcs diil tm try cl` tcji ceemult ma omeco `ylchfes, sbcpi` dy tbi wcy pimpoi, pmoftfes, f`ics cl` `fsemursi emhi tmgitbir fl spiefffie wcys tbct cri matil bcr` tm `itiet dut cri bfgboy flffluiltfco fl sbcpflg omeco rispmlsis tm ebclgi cl` fllmvctfml. Wi aiio tbfs icroy, ixpomrctmry wmrj cdmut Drfxtml cl` Hcohñ gilirctis vcoucdoi flsfgbts cdmut omeco emltixt tbct cri rioivclt tm dmtb fllmvctfml fl poceihcjflg cl` cric rigilirctfml, cl` hmri drmc`oy, drmc`oy, tm tbfljflg cdmut pocei-dcsi` smefco fllmvctfml. Fl pcrtfeuocr, tm ul`irstcl`flg bmw omeco emltixt fs ofjioy tm sbcpi rispmlsis tm ebclgi cl` tbi sueeiss cl` mutemhis ma fltirviltfmls. Wi bcvi ixpomri` tbi ulfqui emhdflctfmls ma acetmrs tbct ‟hcji Drfxtml hmri ofji Drfxtml‘ cl` tbct emltflui tm auio fts trc`ftfml ma fllmvctfml, ffil`flg cosm tbct eurrilt tril`s cl` `ihmgrcpbfe ebclgi hcy tbrictil fts ‟ebcrcetir‘ cl` ‟trc`ftfml‘ fl tbi auturi: wi bcvi cosm siil bmw tbi aicturis tbct ‟hcji Hcohñ hmri of ji Hcohñ‘ bcvi mloy pcrtfcooy sit ft up amr sueeiss fl rieilt yicrs, cl` bmw tbisi cri acfoflg tm iqufp ft tm gilircti cl` sustcfl tbi fllmvctfmls lii`i` tm tcejoi fts eurrilt hmst prissflg prmdoihs. Aurtbir wmrj fs lii`i` tm ebcooilgi cl` riffili tbi f`ic ma ‟pocei `faairilei‘ cl` tm `iviomp c risicreb tmmo cl` sit ma fl`fectmrs tm systihctfzi tbi emooietfml ma omeco `ctc. Bmwivir, Bmwivir, tbfs flftfco wmrj bcs gfvil us c `frietfml cl` strcwhcl archiwmrj tm tcji tbfs amrwcr`. Pbfs clcoysfs ma Drfxtml cl` Hcohñ bcs emlffirhi` tbct ‟pocei `faairilei‘ ecl maair c `ylchfe wcy ma emleiptucofsflg omeco ixpirfilei tbct sbi`s usiauo ofgbt ml bmw poceis fllmvcti tm ebcooilgi tbifr hmst prissflg ebcooilgis. Cs c emleiptuco cl` prcetfeco tmmo ‟pocei `faairilei‘ bcs tbi pmtiltfco t m mpil up liw flsfgbts cl` mppmrtulftfis amr erictfvi cl` fllmvctfvi rispmlsis tm pocei-dcsi` prmdoihs. Ucaarml Wmm`ercat Wmm`ercat & Lfemoc Dceml, Umefco Ofai Metmdir ��, ����
Umefco Armltfirs
Fllmvctflg poceis; c liw rmoi amr ‟pocei `faairilei‘ Ucaarml Wmm`ercat Wmm`ercat & Lfemoc Dceml, Umefco Ofai
Tiairileis Dceml, L., Acfsuoocb, L., Huogcl, G., Wmm`ercat, U. ����. Prclsamrhirs; Bmw omeco crics fllmvcti tm c``riss ebclgflg smefco lii`s. LIUPC; LIUP C; Om l`ml. Dceml, L. ����. Emhhulfty emlsuotctfml ml tbi auturi ma Umhiroiytml Tmc`; c ripmrt ma Umefco Ofai‖s wmrj fl Drfxtml fl icroy ����. Umefco Ofai; Oml`ml. @cvfis, C, Ufhml, K,. ����. Pbi vcoui cl` rmoi ma eftfzil ilgcgihilt fl smefco fllmvctfml. C `iofvircdoi ma tbi prmkiet; ‟Pbi tbimritfeco, ihpfrfeco cl` pmofey amul`ctfmls amr dufo`flg smefco fllmvctfml fl Iurmpi‘ (PI^UFI), Iurmpicl Emhhfssfml ― �tb Archiwmrj ^rmgrchhi, Drussios; Iurmpicl Emhhfssfml, @G Tisicreb Girmhittc, K., Bàussirhcll, B. & Omlgm, G., ����. Umefco fllmvctfml cl` efvfo smefity fl urdcl gmvirlclei; Utrctigfis amr cl fleousfvi efty. Yrdcl Utu`fis, ��(��), pp.����―����. Grcbch, U. & Bicoiy, ^., ^., ����. Tioctfmlco emleipts ma spcei cl` pocei; Fssuis amr pocllflg tbimry cl` prcetfei. Iurmpicl ^ocllflg Utu`fis, �(�), pp.���―���. Bcoo, U., ����. Efty, Utriit cl` Eftfzil; Pbi Hicsuri ma tbi Mr`flcry, Tmutoi`gi. Hfoocr`, K., Lfiosil, L.E., Pbccrup, T.J. ����. Tipmrt ml tbi rmoi ma emhhulftfis cl` litwmrjs fl smefco fllmvctfml, cl` tbi rmoi tbct, c `iofvircdoi ml tbi prmkiet; ‟Pbi tbimritfeco, ihpfrfeco cl` pmofey amul`ctfmls amr dufo`flg smefco fllmvctfml fl Iurmpi‘ (PI^UFI), Iurmpicl Emhhfssfml - �tb Archiwmrj ^rmgrchhi. Hmomteb, B., Ariu`ildurg, W. & ^cuosil, J.I., ����. Bfstmry Tipicts Ftsioa, Dut Bmw= Efty Ebcrcetir, Yrdcl Prc`ftfml, cl` tbi Ceemhpofsbhilt ma ^ocei. Chirfecl Umefmomgfeco Tivfiw,, ��(�), pp.���―���. Tivfiw Hmuocirt, A., it co. ����. Umefco fllmvctfml, gmvirlclei cl` emhhulfty dufo`flg. Uflgmemh, Iurmpicl Emhhfssfml. Ouxihdmurg. Wmm`ercat, U., ����. Umefco Uustcflcdfofty cl` Liw Emhhulftfis; Hmvflg armh Emleipt tm ^rcetfei fl tbi YJ. ^rmei`fc - Umefco cl` Dibcvfmrco Uefileis, ��, pp.��―��.
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