Ingles Sub1

Academia de Guardias y de Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil ÚbedaÚbeda-Baeza (Jaén). Curso 2014/2015

DIBUJO DE JOSÉ MARÍA BUENO CARRERA. LA GUARDIA CIVIL (ED. ALDABA MILITARIA)

36ª Promoción de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales

inglés i

Manual de uso exclusivo como material didáctico de la Academia de Guardias y de Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil. Úbeda-Baeza (Jaén)

MINISTERIO DEL INTERIOR

GUARDIA CIVIL Jefatura de Enseñanza

NIT

1. THE CIVIL GUARD

Página 4

READING

SPECIFIC VOC.

The Civil Guard

GRAMMAR

VOCABULARY

To be +, -, ?

the alphabet

Personal pronouns

days of the week countries and nationalities personal information greetings

Possessive adjectives a / an, plurals this/that, these/those cardinal numbers

2. WEAPONS

19

More guns, less crime?

Kinds of weapons Parts of a gun

Present simple +,-,?

Jobs

Frequency adverbs

Family

a / an + jobs

Parts of the house

Possessive 's

Furniture

Possessive pronouns(mine...) Of Object pronouns (me...)

3. THE ARMY

35

Military Salute

Salute

Order of adjectives

Months

Military ranks

Comparative and superlatives

Seasons

Adverbs of manner

Capital letters

Telling the time

Describing people

The date Ordinal numbers Prepositions of time

4. CRIMES

55

Unmib police

Crimes and

Present Continuous

Colours

criminals

Pres. simple vs. Pres. continuous

Clothes

Have got

The Body

The definite article THE Wh- questions

5. AT THE CUSTOMS

70

"Merging INS and Customs

Countable/ uncountable

Food

customs won't solve the problems"

a/an, some/any

Drinks

how much, how many

At a restaurant

quantifiers: a lot, not much, few There is/ there are

6. ASKING FOR DOCUMENTS

86

Driving tests

Documents

Past simple of to be

The weather

Past simple there be

Nature

Past simple Regular verbs Irregular verbs

7. MEANS OF TRANSPORT

94

Helicopters

Means of transport

Past continuous Past simple vs. Past continuous Linkers: while... Irregular plurals

Society: the legal system Society: the government

XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales 8. CARS

9. DRIVING

106

Cars

Parts of the car

Will/going to / present continuous Reflexive pronouns Reciprocal pronouns

Holidays Hobbies and interests

121

Driving tips

Traffic

can/can't, could/couldn't be able to may /might

Technology

Police equipment

Must / have to should

10. POLICING

11. IN CASE OF ACCIDENT

Accident report

Accident report

Imperative Giving directions Offers and requests Prepositions of place

Places in the city Places to go

12. DRUGS

Drug-related crime in Spain

Drugs

Present perfect Present perfect vs. Past simple Yet, Still, already, since, for Participles

Health

13. DETENTION REPORT AND INFORMATION OF RIGHTS

Detention report and information of crimes

Passive voice, present and past

The Media

Academia de Guardias y Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil Úbeda-Baeza (Jaén)

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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales

1. THE CIVIL GUARD


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The Civil Guard The Civil Guard is the first public security force of military nature created at a national level in Spain to combat the alarming lawlessness1 in the roads and lands of the country due to the activities of bandits since the War of Independence. The Duke of Ahumada organizes this new Institution. He takes as a model the pattern2 set in France by the Gendarmerie and in Catalonia by the existing Mossos d’Escuadra. The Duke of Ahumada personally shapes this new force with strict regulations and its famous Code of Practice. This document establishes the character of the Civil Guard: strong discipline, sense of sacrifice, meritorious spirit and loyalty. The Force has the mission of protecting people and properties within and outside urban settlements and always assumes all tasks related to public order protection. As its efficiency become apparent, the Civil Guard gets more responsibilities: crime investigation police, customs, public assistance, rural protection and military police. The service is carried out by a team of two officers. Since its beginning the Civil Guard also carries out the policing of roads with the creation of the Traffic Grouping in 1959. The Civil Guard plays an important role3 in combating organised crime, the Nineteenth Century banditry, the maquis phenomenon in post war times, as well as in fighting ETA. In addition to this, the Civil Guard currently renders important services in peacekeeping missions. In short, the Civil Guard is one of the most appreciated Spanish heritages4, an institution that intends to serve its citizens adapting itself to the modernity of this new era, at the same time that it is required to preserve the traditional virtues that have distinguished its daily work during the last 150 years.

1. Reading comprehension. a. Define “The Civil Guard” using your own words. b. What does the Code of Practice establish? c. Functions of the Institution. 2. Vocabulary. d. Find in the text a synonym for STRICTNESS. e. Find in the text a synonym for ILLEGALITY. f.

Find in the text an opposite for DISLOYALTY.

3. Translate: “The Force has the mission of protecting people within and outside urban settlements”.

_________________________________________________________________________________

1.

Non existence of laws.

2.

Model.

3.

Function.

4.

Things that have been passed on from earlier generations.


4


THE ALPHABET It is necessary to use a special alphabet to show the pronunciation of English words, because the ordinary English alphabet does not have enough letters to represent all the sounds of the language.

- How do you spell “army”? - /ei, a:, em, wai/

The military alphabet It is interesting to know that there is a military alphabet and we can have a look as a curiosity. In the Army, people use these letters for communicating, to transmit a message by means a secret code.

A:Alpha B:Bravo C:Charlie D:Delta E:Echo F:Foxtrot G:Golf H:Hotel I:India J:Juliet K:Kilo L:Lima

M:Mike N:November O:Oscar P:Papa Q:Quebec R:Romeo S:Sierra T:Tango U:Uniform V:Victor W:Whiskey X:Xray Y:Yankee Z:Zulu


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The verb TO BE: present simple

Affirmative

Short form

Interrogative

Short answers

I

am

I´m

Am I?

Yes, I am/ No, I am not

You

are

You´re

Are you?

Yes, you are/ No, you aren´t.

He

is

He´s

Is he?

Yes, he is/ No, he isn´t

She

is

She´s

Is she?

Yes, she is/ No, he isn´t

It

is

It´s

Is it?

Yes, it is/ No, it isn´t

We

are

We´re

Are we?

Yes, we are/ No, we aren´t

You

are

You´re

Are you?

Yes, you are/ No, you aren´t

They

are

They´re

Are they?.

Yes, they are/ No, they aren´t

Negative I You He She It We You They

am are is is is are are are

Short form not not not not not not not not

I ´m not You aren´t He isn´t She isn´t It isn´t We aren´t You aren´t They aren´t


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1.Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb to be. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.

The weather ________very nice today. I________not tired. These cases __________very heavy. The dog_____________asleep. I__________hot. Can you open the window? This castle_______one hundred years old. My brother and I_____good tennis players. Ann_________at home but her children_____at school.

2.Write affirmative or negative sentences using the verb to be. a. Paris / the capital of France. b. __________________________________________________________ c. I / interested in football. d. ___________________________________________________________ e. My father /hungry. f. ___________________________________________________________ g. It /warm today. h. ___________________________________________________________ i. Rome / in Spain. j. ___________________________________________________________ k. They / afraid of snakes. l. ___________________________________________________________ m. My hands / cold. n. ___________________________________________________________ o. Canada / a very big country. p. ___________________________________________________________ q. The Amazon / in Africa. r. ___________________________________________________________ Academia de Guardias y Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil Úbeda-Baeza (Jaén)

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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales 3.Complete the text with the correct affirmative or negative form of the verb be. I (1) ….................... from London. My best friend, Mike, and I (2) ….................... 12 years old, but my friend Paul (3) ….................... (not) 12, he’s 13 years old. They (4) ….................... (not) interested in computers, they like sport. We like school. It (5) ….................... interesting.

GREETINGS

GREETINGS, informal CONGRATULATIONS!

GOOD MORNING!

GOOD AFTERNOON!

THANK YOU!


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YOU´RE WELCOME!

GOOD EVENING!

GOOD NIGHT!

PLEASE! SORRY!

GOOD LUCK!

GLAD TO MEET YOU

GOOD BYE!

COUNTRY Australia Belgium Bulgaria Denmark England Germany Holland Iran Ireland Japan Morocco Portugal Scotland Sweden Turkey

EXCUSE ME!

PLEASED TO MEET YOU!

SEE YOU LATER!

BYE-BYE!

NATIONALITY Australian Belgian Bulgarian Danish English German Dutch Iranian Irish Japanese Moroccan Portuguese Scottish Swedish Turkish

COUNTRY Austria Brazil China Egypt France Greece India Iraq Italy Lebanon Poland Russia Spain Switzerland USA

NATIONALITY Austrian Brazilian Chinese Egyptian French Greek Indian Iraqui Italian Lebanese Polish Russian Spanish Swiss American

4.Complete with the right country or nationality. a. I’m from Holland, I’m _____________. b. He is from _________, he is German. c. She is________, she is from Denmark. d. My friend is Chinese, he is from_______. e. I’m from France, I’m__________.


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5. Choose a partner and make a dialogue with him or her. Don´t forget to ask everything you have learnt before (name,nationality, age etc.). You can start in this way: Hello, My name is…………………………. etc

6. Complete the text about yourself.

Hello! My name’s .................................. and I’m ............................................. years old. I’m from ............................................................. …………………………………………… ..........................................

.

is

and

I

I

like

live

…………………………I’ve

………………………………….

.........................................

and

. my

My

got favourite favourite

……………………………………………….. .


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POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES The possessive adjectives, as their own name indicates us, express possession. In English, there is a different adjective for every person. You must not forget that these are adjectives and they have to be linked to a noun. Mi tu Su (de él) Su (de ella) Su (utilizado para animales y cosas) Nuestro/a, nuestros/as Vuestro/a, vuestros/as Su (de ellos)

MY YOUR HIS HER ITS OUR YOUR THEIR Examples: My house is very big. Your dog isn´t at its kennel. Their car is very fast. Her hair is very long.

7. Put the suitable possesive adjective where it corresponds: This is Mary. ……… brother is a student. Peter has a bike. ………… bike is red. Ann and John speak English. ……….. nationality is English. The dog is in the garden. ………… kennel is near the door. …………. Name is Ralph. I have two sisters. ………… names are Alice and Noreen. We are Peter and Mary. …………. Son is a doctor.

8. Complete the dialogue with these words. Girl Hi Twins a) b) c) d) e)

her our her

its friend I´m

boy their my

best friend sister

……. .............. name´s Casey. ........................ fifteen. This is my............, Vince. He´s with his.................... . ............ name´s Sue. They´re......................... This.............. is.................. neighbour. .................. name´s Terry. This............... is Peter. Sue is her............................. This is................... street...................... name is Victoria Road.


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DEMONSTRATIVE DETERMINERS

SINGULAR THIS THAT

PLURAL THESE THOSE

We usually use this / these for things that are close in space or time. Here often follows. e.g. This book here is mine. These tomatoes here are not good. We usually use that / those for things that are further away in space or time. There, over there or an expression of place often follows. e.g. That chair at the bottom is very small. Look at those men over there! They are very strange. HERE THERE, OVER THERE

THIS / THESE THAT / THOSE

9. Complete with this / that / these / those. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.

____cars over there are his. ____house here is very old. Please, put ___books here on ___shelves in the sitting room. Look at ___guy! He is very handsome. ____boys in the park are always quarrelling. ____women here are talking all day!. ____is my cousin Arthur. Can I borrow ____pencil here?


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10. Write the English words for these numbers: a) 10 b) 12 c) 19 d) 65 e) 86 f)

44

g) 37 h) 234 i)

1.555

j)

3.727

k) 5.986 l)

8582

m) 9143 n) 12.532 o) 124.815 p) 542.645 q) 843.378 r)

1.593.604

s) 3.314.020 t)

7.947.650


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THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE: A/AN We use “a” before a consonantal sound and “an” before a vocalic sound. e.g.: a clerk, a hundred, an office, an exam But we must pay attention to: e.g. a uniform, a university, an hour, an honest man. The vowel “u” in uniform and university is a semivowel, that is, a sound like a vowel that functions as a consonant; therefore we have to use “a” instead of “an”. The “h” in hour and honest is not aspirated, so we have to use “an”. We use a/an: ∼ Before a singular countable noun: e.g. a mask, an egg, a book ∼ before jobs, measures, prices, numbers: e.g. He is an engineer a/one kilo, a/one pound, a/one hundred ∼ when we refer to something or somebody for the first time: e.g. I had a sandwich and an apple. The sandwich wasn’t very good but the apple was nice. ∼ in expressions such as: e.g. once a day, twice a day, three times a month, etc. 11. Put in "a" or "an" before singular countable nouns 1.- ...sick child needs...doctor 2.- Mr. Brown is...bus driver 3.- His son is...pupil at...school near here 4.- He wants to be...engineer when he is..man 5.- ...author is...person who writes books 6.- My father is...author 7.- His brother is...teacher in...college 8.- Peter is studying to be...architect 9.-...little boy sometimes plays at being...fireman 10.- George is...mechanic in...garage


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Sunday

Monday

Tuesday Wednesday Thursday

1 6 7 8 13 14 15 20 21 22 27 28 29

2 9 16 23 30

3 10 17 24

Friday

4 11 18 25

Saturday

5 12 19 26

PLURAL OF NOUNS (I) To make plural nouns, we usually add –s to singular nouns: Singular House Book

Plural houses books

But we must pay attention to the spelling rules when we add –s.

If the singular noun finishes in –o, -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x we have to add –es. Singular Potato

Plural Potatoes ( *but note video-videos; piano; pianos)


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales Bus Pass Dish Watch Box

Buses Passes Dishes Watches Boxes

If the singular noun finishes in vowel plus –y we have to add –s. Singular Day Boy

Plural Days Boys

If the singular noun finishes in consonant plus –y, this –y is replaced by –i and then we add –es. Singular

Plural

Baby

babies

Family

families

If the singular noun finishes in –f/-fe the plural ending is then –ves. Singular Knife Shelf Life

Plural knives (*but note belief-beliefs; proof-proofs;roof-roofs) shelves Lives

There are some singular nouns with an irregular plural: Singular Man Woman Mouse Child Person Tooth Foot Fish Sheep Deer Goose Bison

12. Write each noun in plural form. a. woman b. tooth c. half d. bison e. church f. boy g. colony h. box i. key

Plural men women mice children people teeth feet fish sheep deer goose bison

j. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r.

scarf fish bus dress calf kite knife computer foot

13. Turn these nouns into plural. Table Academia de Guardias y Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil Úbeda-Baeza (Jaén)

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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales Pencil Wife Pen Man Life Window Wish Mouse Deer Library Horse Potato Uncle Victory Toy Witch Goose Lamp Wolf Chair Policeman Country Person City This That


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18


2. WEAPONS


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MORE GUNS, LESS CRIME? 1. In which of the following situations would you expect somebody to use a gun? • • • • • •

To defend oneself against an intruder in the house. In self-defence against an attacker on the street. To protect a child from a kidnapper. To hunt animals. To show that he/she is not afraid of the law. For sport.

2. Read the following text and prepare a summary.

Does allowing(1) people to carry guns lead to more gun-related crimes and accidents?. Law professor John Lott has come to a conclusion: more guns means(2) less crime. He has studied the FBI’s crime figure for 18 years and has found that most assumptions(3) about gun control are wrong. Here are some of the arguments he uses: 1. Laws that allow people to carry guns are effective methods for reducing crime. 2. Road accidents, fire and drowning(4) result in more child deaths than gun-related incidents. 3. Laws permitting guns cause a significant decrease in murders, robberies and rapes. Contradicting this opinion, Dale Gulbrantson, executive director of Illinois Police Association states: “Lott destroys the politically correct argument that arming citizens will have a harmful(5) effect on their society”. The following examples speak for themselves: •

In 1996, Dunblane, Scotland, UK, a madman killed a whole class of primary school children and their teacher.

•

In 2002 in Germany, a schoolboy killed several of his teachers and classmates.

•

In 2002, in the UK, two girls were killed in a suspected gang shooting.

Although there are laws controlling guns in Great Britain, the number of crimes with guns has increased. The current average sentence(6) for carrying an illegal gun is 18 months. There are plans to include a five-year minimum sentence for illegal possession of a firearm. It has also been suggested that air guns or any replicas should be banned(7) .

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

To permit somebody to do something. To signify. A thing that is thought to be true, but is not proved. To die in water because one cannot breathe. Causing injury. The punishment given by a lawcourt. To forbid something officially.


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Kinds of weapons

Knife

Machine-gun

Missile / Missile launcher

Sword

Submachine-gun

Pistol

Assault Rifle

(Double-barrelled) Shotgun

Cannon

Mine

Mortar

Revolver

Gun

Grenade/ Grenade launcher

Sniper gun

Rifle

Bomb

Nuclear / Chemical weapon


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Parts of a gun

Barrel

Rear sight

Front sight

Butt

Ammunition

Trigger Cartridge

Magazine

Bullet

Expressions He is robbed at pistol point. There is a bomb warning at the consulate. The thief can’t shoot his gun / pull the trigger.


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Present simple tense Structure

Affirmative

Interrogative

Negative

I

read

I

don't

read

Do

I

read?

You

read

You

don't

read

Do

You

read?

He She It

reads reads

He She It

doesn't doesn't doesn't

read read read

Does Does Does

He She It

read? read? read?

We You They

read read

We You They

don't don't don't

read read read

Do Do Do

We You They

read? read? read?

reads

read

Use We use the simple present tense: a) To talk about things in general. E. g. Thousands of children go to school every day. b) To say that something is a general truth. E. g. The Earth goes round the sun. c) To say that something happens all the time or repeatedly. E. g. I usually get up at 8 o’clock in the morning. d) To say how often we do things. For this, we use frequency adverbs. They are: ALWAYS, USUALLY, NORMALLY, OFTEN, SOMETIMES, SELDOM and NEVER. They are placed between the subject and the main verb. I always get up early. Tom usually plays tennis in the afternoon. We normally go to Scotland in August. He never goes to school.


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales -Note: When the main verb is TO BE, frequency adverbs are placed after the verb. My boss is often bad-tempered. I am always late for work. We are never at home in the mornings.

Spelling When the verb is in the third person singular (he / she 7 it), we add different endings depending on some rules. a) We add –s to most of the verbs. e.g. Read-reads

Work-works

b) We add –es when the verb ends in –ss, -sh, -ch, -x or -o. e.g. Teach-teaches

miss-misses

wash-washes

go-goes do-does

c) When the verb ends in consonant + y, the –y changes into –i and we add –es. e.g. study- studies

apply-applies

1. Write the third person singular of the following verbs. Understand Work Smoke Fly Buy Choose Drive Pay Dance Speak

Do Know Play Hit Break Listen Catch Kiss Cry Read

2. Complete the sentences using the following verbs. Boil, close, make, cost, like, meet, open, speak, live, like - Margaret _____________ four languages. - In Britain banks usually ____________ at 9:30 in the morning. - The City Museum _____________ at 8 o’clock in the evening. - My job is very interesting. I __________ a lot of people. - Shoes are expensive. They ____________ a lot of money. - Water ____________ at 100 Celsius. - Julia and I are good friends. I __________ her and she _________ me. - My parents _____________ in a very small flat. - Bees ________ honey.


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales 3. Put the sentences in the correct order using the verbs in the correct form. Then turn them into negative. - (always / early / Sue / arrive) Sue always arrives early. - (basketball / I / play / often) ________________________. - (work / Margaret / hard / usually) ___________________ . - (Jenny / always / nice clothes / wear) ________________. - (dinner / have / we / always / at / 7:30) _________________. - (television / Tim / watch / never) ____________________. - (like / chocolate / children / usually) __________________. - (Julia / parties / enjoy / always) ______________________. 4. Complete the sentences with the correct verb forms (affirmative or negative). - Sally_______ four languages: English, French, Spanish and German (speak). - I ________ my job. It’s very boring (like). - “Where is Martin?” “I’m sorry. I ______________” (know). - Sue is a very quiet person. She __________ very much (talk). - Jim _________________ a lot of tea. It’s his favourite drink (drink). - That is a very beautiful picture. I ________ it very much (like). - Mark is vegetarian. He ______________ meat (eat). 5. Put the sentences in the correct order using DO / DOES. - (like / you / football / ?) _______________________________. - (your / mother / like / football / ?) ________________________. - (where / live / your / parents / ? _________________________. - (snow / it / here / ?) _______________________________________. - ( your / sister / work / here / ?) _____________________________. - ( you / early / always / get up/ ?) ___________________________.


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What do yo do?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.


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25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

37.

SURGEON SALES REP CHAMBERMAID BUTCHER HAIRDRESSER ACCOUNTANT CARPENTER JUDGE BAKER CASHIER SECRETARY BARBER CHEF

35.

38.

PAINTER BARMAN CLEANER OPTICIAN BUILDER DENTIST NURSE LAWYER PHOTOGRAPHER FIREMAN PLUMBER FISHMONGER POLICEMAN

36.

39.

PORTER FLIGHT ATTENDANT ENGINEER POSTWOMAN ELECTRICIAN RECEPTIONIST DOCTOR REPORTER WELDER SALES ASSISTANT WAITER SCIENTIST VET


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Possessive pronouns and determiners Possessive determiners My Your His Her Its Our Your Their

Possessive pronouns Mine Yours His Hers Its Ours Yours Theirs

- My, your, his, her, its, our and their are determiners –although they are sometimes called “possessive adjectives” in grammars and dictionaries-. That means that they are followed by a noun or a noun phrase. E. g. Have you seen my coat? - Mine, yours, his, hers, ours and theirs are pronouns, used without following nouns. E.g. That coat is mine. This is your paper. It is yours. She sold me her car. It was hers. This is our house. This is ours. - To ask about possession we can use the following questions: Whose book is this? Or Whose is this book? It is mine. Whose shoes are these? Or Whose are these shoes? They are his. 6. Complete the following dialogue with a possessive pronoun. Andy: ______ cassettes are these? Judy: I think they are Helen’s. In fact, I’m sure they are _________. Andy: ________ is this sweater? Is it ___________, Judy? Judy: Of course, it’s ____________! It’s got my name on it. Andy: What about this Gameboy? Is it Sam’s? Judy: Yes, it’s __________ ; these are his initials. Andy: Are these your parents’ Cds? Judy: Of course they’re not _________. My parents’ don’t like Guns and Roses! 7. Complete these sentences with adjectives and pronouns. - He broke ________ left arm yesterday. - The man has long socks. ______ are________ socks. - The woman has only got a red glove and __________ is ________ glove. - Whose are those cars? They are ______. We bought them last month. - I have got a blouse. It is ________ blouse. - They have got a house. It is _________ house.


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The genitive and the OF structure We usually use ‘s: - For people or animals, except if it is too long. E. g. The girl’s name. Mr Evan’s daughter. The horse’s leg. BUT: What is the name of the man who lent us the money? - With time expressions (yesterday, next week, etc…). E. g. Have you still got yesterday’s newspaper? Next week’s meeting has been cancelled. Today’s lesson. Tomorrow’s party. This evening’s match. Monday’s television series. - With periods of time: E. g. I’ve got a week’s holiday. I live near the station. It’s only about 10 minutes’ walk. Note: We can use ‘s without a following noun. E. g. This isn’t my book. It’s my brother’s. Note: We use ‘s after more than one noun. E. g. Jack and Jill’s wedding. Note: If the word in which we use ‘s ends in s (no matter if it is singular or plural) the saxon genitive becomes ‘. E. g. The boys’ friends. We usually use of: - For things, ideas… E.g. The roof of the garage. The name of the book., the reason of the problem. - With expressions such as the beginning of, the top of, the bottom of, the front of, the back of, etc. E. g. Lessons start at the beginning of the month. I’m going away at the end of July. Write your name at the top of the page. Please, sign at the bottom of the document. We can use both, ‘s or of for places and organizations. E. g. The city’s new theatre or the new theatre of the city. The Government’s decision or the decision of the Government. The company’s success or the success of the company. 8. Join the nouns with ‘s, of or both. a) The owner / that car _________________ b) The mother / Ann ___________________ c) The jacket / that man _________________ d) The top / the page ____________________ e) The daughter / Charles ________________ f) The cause / the problem _______________ g) The birthday / my father _______________ h) The newspaper / yesterday ______________ i) The name / this street __________________ j) The toys / the children _________________ k) The new manager / the company_________ l) The result / the football match ____________ m) The garden / our neighbours______________ n) The ground floor / the building _____________ o) The children / Don and Mary ______________ p) The economic policy / the Government_______ Academia de Guardias y Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil Úbeda-Baeza (Jaén)

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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales q) The husband / Catherine __________________ r) The husband / the woman talking to Mary_____ s) The car / the parents / Mike ________________ t) The wedding / the friend / Helen ____________ 9. Write a new sentence beginning with the underlined words. E. g. The meeting tomorrow has been cancelled. Tomorrow’s meeting has been cancelled. a) The storm last week caused a lot of damage. _________________________________________________________________. b) The only cinema in the town has closed down. _________________________________________________________________. c) Exports from Britain to the United States have fallen recently. _________________________________________________________________. d) Tourism is the main industry in the region. _________________________________________________________________. 10. Choose the correct option 3.1) That red car in the street is ___________. a) The Tom’s car

b) Tom’s the car c) The Tom’s the car

d) Tom’s car

3.2) Those green balls are _________________. a) The girls balls

b) The girl’s the balls

3.3) a) Mary’s cat is here c) Mary’s the cat is here

c) girl’s the balls d) the girl’s balls

b) The Mary’s cat is here d) The Mary’s the cat is here

11. Rewrite the sentences using ‘s a) The toys of the children. _______________________________________________________________. b) The book of Paul. _______________________________________________________________. c) The cars of John _______________________________________________________________. d) The house of Peter _______________________________________________________________. e) The school of James and Mary _______________________________________________________________. f) The garden of the boys _______________________________________________________________. g) The car of my father _______________________________________________________________. h) The boyfriend of Mary _______________________________________________________________. i) John is the husband of Mary _______________________________________________________________. j) The fifth symphony of Beethoven _______________________________________________________________.


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Word order and object pronouns Subject She

Verb ate

Object a sandwich

Place in the kitchen

Time last night

The subject and the verb of the sentence are compulsory elements and the others are optional. The use of optional elements depends on what the speaker wants to express. The verb and the object of the verb normally go together. We do not usually put other words between them. E. g. You speak English very well. (Not You speak very well English). I will tell Mary a secret tonight (Not I will tell tonight Mary a secret). The object of the verb can be realized by a noun or a pronoun: E. g. Mary hurt John / Mary hurt him. The pronouns used as objects are: Me You Him Her It Us You Them

Mary gave me the book I will tell you a secret We are asking him a question Tell her not to go home Here is the money. Give it to your mother She gave us some good news John hates you We are explaining them the problem

- Sentences with two objects When the sentence has two objects (indirect and direct) we normally put the indirect object first and, then, the direct object. We can put the direct object first when it is much shorter than the indirect object or when we want to emphasize the indirect object. When the direct object appears after the verb, the indirect object is introduced by to: E. g. She sends some flowers to the nurse in charge of her daughter’s hospital ward (short direct object). - Expressions of time and place When we have expressions of place and time in the sentence, we usually put the expression of place before the expression of time: E. g. They go to work every day. Sometimes it is possible to put the time expression at the beginning of the sentence. E. g. Everyday the go to school. 12. Use the correct pronoun a. b. c. d. e. f. g.

I am the invisible man. You can’t see _________. It is not Jane’s fault. You can’t blame _________. He is disturbing my girlfriend I want to hit _______ a punch. She gave ________ a present. I have it in my room. I want to ask _________ something. You can give me some information. Don’t hit the dog! Leave ________ alone. I trust Mary. I want to tell __________ a secret.


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Parts of the house

13. Match the following definitions with the concepts.

Living-room Dining-room Hall Roof Kitchen Bathroom

Bedroom Toilet Garage Garden Stairs

a) The top of a building. b) A set of steps built between two floors. c) The building next to the house where the car is kept. d) A piece of land where you can grow flowers, fruit and vegetables. e) A room in a house where people have dinner. f) The place of a house where people sit together and watch television. g) The room where food is prepared and cooked. h) The room where the toilet is. i) The room used for sleeping. j) The main entrance of a house. k) A room with a bath or a shower and a hand basin.


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Members of the family FEMALE

MALE

PLURAL

Grandmother

Grandfather

Granparents

Granddaughter

Grandson

Grandchildren

Mother

Father

Parents

Daughter

Son

Children

Sister

Brother

Aunt

Uncle

Niece

Nephew

Cousin

Cousin

Wife

Husband

Mother-in-law

Father-in-law

Daughter-in-law

Son-in-law

Sister-in-law

Brother-in-law

Parents-in-law

14. Complete. BRIAN JONES PAMELA SMITH

PAT JONES JONATHAN BANKS

DAVID JONES RITA GREY

PATSY JONES

HELEN JONES

SAMANTHA BANKS

Brian is David’s Charles is Pat’s Pamela is Helen’s Jonathan is Patsy’s Brian is Browen’s Jonathan is Brian’s Guy is Browen’s Mary is Rita’s Rita is Mary’s Jonathan is Pat’s Patsy and Samantha are Browen is Guy’s Rita is David’s Charles is Jonathan’s Pamela is Browen’s Guy and Mary are Brian’s Patsy is Helen’s Guy is David’s Pat and Jonathan are Samantha’s Rita is Brian’s

CHARLES JONES BROWEN PRICE

GUY JONES

MARY JONES

_______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________


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34


3. THE ARMY


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The salute The salute is the correct military greeting and is properly initiated by subordinates to superiors. The specific origin is not known; however, several theories exist. In early times, the right hand (the one used for weapons) was raised as a greeting of friendship. Knights raised their visors with the right hand to reveal their identity as a courtesy on the approach of a superior. The most plausible theory is the long-established custom of removing headgear in the presence of superiors. As late as the American Revolution, the British Army soldier salutes by removing his hat. With the advent of cumbersome headgear (like the bearskin) that could not be easily doffed, the act of removing the hat degenerated into touching the visor. This act then became conventionalised into the hand salute. All personnel in uniform are required to salute at all times when they meet people entitled to the salute, except in public conveyances (trains, buses, etc) or in public places such as theatres or when the salute would be impractical. It is customary for military members in civilian clothing to exchange salutes upon recognition, this type of courtesy should be reinforced whenever possible. If running, come to a walk before saluting. The junior holds the salute until it is returned. When a senior officer approaches a group of officers not in formation, the group is called to attention by the first one to sight the senior officer and all members of the group render the hand salute. When the group constitutes a formation, the formation is called to attention, but only the officer in charge salutes. 1. Reading Comprehension: a) Define “the salute” using your own words. b) Which is the origin of the “salute”? 2. Vocabulary. a) Find in the text a synonym for the following definition: “The special set of clothes worn by all members of an organization or a group at work or by children at school”. b) Find in the text an opposite of “left”. 3. Say if these sentences are true or false and justify your answers: a) The salute is properly initiated by superiors to subordinates. b) The right hand was raised as a greeting of happiness. c) Military members in civilian clothes usually salute upon recognition.


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MILITARY RANKS (SPAIN)

Chief Private

Sergeant

2nd lieutenant

Brigadier general

Chief corporal

Corporal

Staff sergeant

Lieutenant

Major general

Sergeant major

Captain

Command sergeant major

Commandant

Lieutenant general

Corporal first class

Lieutenant colonel

General of the army


Sergeant major of the army

Colonel

Captain general

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The adjective DEFINITION a. An adjective is a word like big, new, expensive……., which is used to describe something. A big town – (the adjective big describe the town) b. In English the adjective has only one form to express number or gender. Two nice boys Two nice girls c. There are some adjectives which we can use as nouns to talk about groups of people in society. The rich, the poor, the young ……… POSITION There are two main places where we can put an adjective a. In front of the noun: a big village b. After linking verbs like Be, Get, Look, Feel …….. The house is big You look sad When two or more adjectives come before a noun, we have to decide in what order to put them, this depends on the meaning of the adjective. Personal opinion

Size

Age

Shape

Colour

Nationality

Material

Purpose

A lovely comfortable roundbig old red English leather bag A tall young man Big blue eyes A small black plastic bag Riding boots. 1. Put the words in the correct order a) city Belgian beautiful little. b) old lovely furniture c) local jazz club d) dinner excellent cold e) dress evening red silk f) short leather jacket g) ski boots French h) trousers cotton blue i) blue tie woollen j) a German funny brown mug beer. k) boots riding Spanish red old leather.


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales 2. Are the adjectives in these phrases in the normal order? Answer yes/no. a long hot day. No. the answer is: “a hot long day”. a) a large black dog. b) a tall handsome young man. c) short fat legs. d) a new red dress e) a woollen grey pullover.

Adjectives in –ING or -ED Both teams aren’t playing very well. The game is boring. They are watching who will win. They are excited. Compare An adjective ending in -ing describes what something is like, what effect it has on us. For example, a game can be exciting, interesting, boring …. An adjective ending in -ed describes how we feel. For example, we feel excited, interested, bored…. This programme about astronomy is interesting I am interested in astronomy. The result was surprising I was surprised by the result. 3. Choose the right adjective a) He works very hard. It’s not surprising / surprised that he is always tired. b) I have got nothing to do. I am boring / bored. c) The lecture was boring / bored. I fell asleep. d) I am starting a new job next week. I am quite excited / exciting about it. e) Tom is very good at telling funny stories. He can be very amusing / amused. f) I have been working very hard all day and now I am exhausted / exhausting. 4. Complete the words a) I was surpris….. to see Ann here. b) It was surpris…….. to see her. c) I find this work very tir……… d) She was excit……. About her new job. e) the news was really shock……. f) I get annoy……… when people break promises. g) his explanations are confus………. h) It was an excit…… new challenge.


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Comparative and superlative forms DEGREES: 1 Positive: It denotes the quality of the adjective in its normal degree. Eg: I am tall 2 comparative: It denotes the quality of the adjective in its higher, the same or lower degree, and it is used for a comparison between two elements. a) superiority (-er / more) Eg: I am taller than him. b) equality (as + adj + as) Eg: I am as tall as you /He isn’t so clever as you. In negative sentences so can be used instead of the first as c) inferiority (less) Eg: I am less tall than him. 3 superlative: It denotes the quality of the adjective in its highest or lowest degree and it is used in comparisons where one or more elements are compared with the rest of a group or class. The superlative can be a relative superlative when comparing several things or an absolute superlative denoting the highest degree without setting a comparison. - (-est / the most) - (the least) FORM One-syllable adjectives normally have comparatives and superlatives ending in –er, -est. Some twosyllable adjectives are similar; others have more and most. Longer adjectives have more and most. 1. One-syllable adjectives (regular comparison) Adjective Old Tall Cheap

Comparative Older Taller Cheaper

Superlative Oldest Tallest Cheapest

Most adjectives: + -er, -est

Late Nice

Later Nicer

Latest Nicest

Adjectives ending in -e + -r. –st

Fat Big thin

Fatter Bigger thinner

Fattest Biggest thinner

One vowel + one consonant: double consonant.

2. Two-syllable adjectives. Adjectives ending in –y have –ier and –iest Ex: happy happier happiest Easy easier easiest


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales Some other two-syllable adjectives can have –er and –est, especially adjectives ending in an unstressed vowel /l/ or /r/. Eg: narrow Simple Clever

narrower simpler cleverer

narrowest simplest cleverest

With many two-syllable adjectives ( polite, common) –er, -est and more/most are both possible. With others (including adjectives ending in –ing, -ed, -ful and –less) only more / most is possible. 3. Longer adjectives Adjectives of three or more syllables have more and most. Eg: intelligent Practical Beautiful

more intelligent more practical more beautiful

most intelligent most practical most beautiful

4. Irregular comparison Adjective Good Bad Far old

Comparative Better Worse *Farther / further *Older / elder

Superlative Best Worst Farthest / furthest Oldest / eldest

* Farther / further and farthest / furthest are both used to talk about distance. We use further to mean “additional” in some expressions. Further education, further information. *elder and eldest are used with brother, sister, son, daughter, grandson, granddaughter. John is my elder brother.

Comparative and superlative in context 1. When we make a comparison, you use the word “than” I am older than you. Notes: If the pronoun after than is not followed by a verb, use the object pronoun form – me, you, him, her... John is taller than him But if the pronoun after than is followed by a verb, use the subject pronoun form – I, he, she ... John is taller than I am 2. You normally use “the” with superlative adjectives in front of nouns: The happiest man The most intelligent girl / the least intelligent girl. When you use a superlative you can use a prepositional phrase to specific the group you are talking about: He is the biggest of them He is the biggest in the class *We don’t use of with a singular word for a place or group.


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales 5. Write the comparative form of these adjectives - tall - thin - wide - long - good

–fat –large –rich – poor -young

6. Write the superlative form of these adjectives - big - comfortable - expensive - good - bad

- ugly - careful - small - cheap - short

7. Correct the mistakes a) It is more beautiful that I expected. b) she is the most rich woman in the world. c) My book isn’t as useful than yours. d) My grandfather is the older. e) I am beautifuler than my brother. 8. Translate a) Juan es mayor que Luisa b) Este coche es más rápido que ese. c) Este es el chico más inteligente de la clase. d) Ella no es tan alta como Elena. e) Este es el hotel más caro de la ciudad. 9. Write the opposite comparative cheaper- more expensive. - older - colder - nearer - easier - darker

–better – more beautiful – more modern – heavier - richer

10. Complete these sentences using a comparative My car isn’t big. I want a bigger car. a) this house isn’t modern . I want a …………………………………….. b) this case isn’t big. I want a …………………………………………… c) London isn’t very beautiful. Paris is …………………………………. d) My chair isn’t comfortable. Your chair is ……………………………. e) My idea isn’t good. Your idea is ……………………………………… 11. Complete the sentences using “than” He isn’t very tall. You are taller than him. a) she isn’t very old. You are …………………………….. b) I am not a very good cook. You are …………………………… Academia de Guardias y Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil Úbeda-Baeza (Jaén)

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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales c) they haven’t got much money. You …………………………….. d) he isn’t very interesting. You …………………………………… e) I can’t run very fast. You ………………………………………… 12. Write sentences with “as …………….as” Athens is older than Rome. Rome isn’t as old as Athens. a) my room is bigger than yours. Your room…………………….. b) he plays football better than me. I don’t play………………….. c) New York is more modern than Brazil. Brazil ………………… d) This table is heavier than that. That table……………………… e) Belgium is smaller than Switzerland. Switzerland…………………………… 13. Complete these sentences using a superlative This building is very old. It’s the oldest building. a) This film is very good. b) This village is pretty. c) This day is very cold. d) This day is happy. e) This person is very interesting.

Adverbs of manner -

Most adverb of manner are formed by adding –ly to an adjective:

-

Adjective Slow Quiet Pay attention to spelling rules!

-

Adjective adverb Happy happ ily True / whole/ terrible tru ly/ wholly/ terribly Romantic romantic ally Careful carefully Some adverbs of manner have the same form as the adjective:

-

Adjective adverb Fast fast Hard hard Late late Some words that ends in –ly are not adverbs of manner. They are adjectives: Adjective Lovely/silly/friendly

-

adverb slow ly quiet ly

adverb in a lovely/silly/friendly way

We use the structure in a …..way for those adjectives that don´t admit the addition of –ly (for example, friendly, lovely, lively) Eg. She received us in a friendly way.

-

Adverb of manner normally go after the verb: Eg. Talk quietly.

-

If there is an indirect or direct object, they go after the object. Eg. You speak Italian correctly.

- Pay attention to the following verbs! Be, become, feel, look, seem, sound, taste, smell, we use the adjectives after these verbs. Academia de Guardias y Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil Úbeda-Baeza (Jaén)

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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales Eg. He is bad ( not badly) That smells wonderful ( not wonderfully) 14. Write the adverb of the following adjectives: ADJECTIVE Horrible Easy Difficult Enthusiastic Fast Lonely Immediately Whole Safe careful

ADVERB

15. Write the sentences in the correct order. a) easily/found/ the way/ they ______________________________ b) the woman/carefully/the street/ crossed ____________________ c) the letter/Tom/read/ slowly ______________________________ d) fluently/speaks/German/he ______________________________

Telling the time To ask for the time we can use the following questions: -

What time is it? What is the time? Have you got the time?

16:00 – It is four o’clock 16:05 – It is five past four 16:10 – It is ten past four 16:15 – It is a quarter past four 16:23 – It is twenty- three minutes past four 16:30 – It is half past four 16:35 – It is twenty-five to five 16:45 – It is a quarter to five We can also tell the time in the following way: 3:17 – three seventeen 4:15 – four fifteen 7:01 – seven o one This formula is common in timetables, announcements, etc.


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16. Write the time 12:00 It is twelve o’clock 11:40 12:45 1:30 7:00 8:15 5:25 22:50 23:55 1:05 3:10

a. 09.00 get up b. 09.15 have a shower c. 09:30 have breakfast and read the newspaper d. 10.05 go to the office e. 12.45 have lunch near the office f. 15.00 go back to the office g. 17.16 do some jogging in the park h. 20:56 go to her boyfriend’s house. i. 22.40 go back home

Now use the other formula to give the time: 13:06 20:15 17:40 1:07 23:34 16:35 22:55 14:10 8:12

17.It is a typical day in Susan’s life. Read about and make sentences using the present simple. a. She gets up at nine o’clock b.___________________________ c.___________________________ d.___________________________ e.___________________________ f.___________________________ g.___________________________ h.___________________________ i.___________________________ 18. Write in numbers the following time: a. Ten to nine .......................... b. A quarter past eleven .............. c. Half past three ...................... d. Twenty past five .................. e. A quarter to six .................. f. Twenty-five past eight ...............


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Ordinal numbers To make ordinal number we add –th to the cardinal number: Eg: four – fourth / six – sixth. These ordinals are irregular: One – first Two – second Three - third These ordinals have an irregular spelling: Five – fifth Eight – eighth Nine – ninth Twelve – twelfth Twenty – twentieth We can write ordinal numbers in a short form. We use the number and the last two letters of the word. First – 1st Second – 2nd Ninth – 9th

19. Write these numbers in full -

31st 12th 3rd 29th 16th 21st 32nd

20. Write the ordinals of the following cardinal numbers a) b) c) d) e) f)

4 fourth 16 ..... 18 ....... 31 ....... 107 ...... 44 .........

g) h) i) j) k) l)

82 ......... 93 ........ 64 ........ 71 ........ 12 ........ 40 ........

Telling the date To ask the date we can use the following questions: • • •

What is the date? What date is it today? What day is it today?


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales We can say the dates in two different ways: -

March the tenth, or the tenth of March. June the fourth, or the fourth of June.

They can, however, written in a variety of ways: 2nd February 1979 / February 2nd 1979 10th of March / March the 10th. YEARS We say the years in twos: 1997: nineteen ninety-seven 1968: nineteen sixty-eight 1900: nineteen hundred 1901: nineteen o one 2000: two thousand. 21. Write these dates - 1234 - 1456 - 1678 - 1890 - 1999 22. What date is it? a) b) c) d)

3, marzo, 1859 ..................................................................... 21, abril, 1980 ..................................................................... 14, octubre, 1492 ................................................................ 24, febrero, 1999 ................................................................

23.What date is it? a. 3, Marzo, 1859 b. 15, Abril, 1732 c. 14, Octubre, 1901 d. 1, Julio, 2001 e. 21, Agosto, 1800 24.Traslate into english: a) Mi cumpleaños es el 18 de Junio de 1987 b)Mañana es 14 de Mayo de 1999 c)El nuevo teatro abre el 6 de Abril. d)El dia de Navidad es el 25 de Diciembre e)Hoy es 12 de Abril de 2006 f)Mi primo llega el 10 de Junio g)La fiesta es el 15 de agosto .


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Prepositions Prep ositions of time Parts of the day: in the morning(s) (But note at night) Months: in June Seasons: in (the) summer Years: in 1990 Decades: in the 1960s (Note: we say in the sixties) Centuries: in the 20 th century

Days of the week: on Monday(s) Dates: on 1 st July / on July 1 st * Specific days: on Christmas day, on New Year’s Eve, on my birthday, etc. Attention!!! on Friday evening, on Saturday morning * Note : we say on the first of July / on July the first

Clock time: at seven o’clock Holiday periods: at Christmas, at Easter, etc. Expressions: at the same time, at the end of, at weekends, at the weekend, at the moment, at the top of, etc. At night! (part of the day)

We do not use in/on/at before last/next/this/every/yesterday/tomorrow: Eg. I’ll see you next Friday ( not “on next Friday”) They married last March. 25. Write a preposition where necessary. a) Goodbye! See you ___ Friday. b) Where were you ___ Saturday evening? c) I get up ___ 8 o’clock every morning. d) He usually works ___ night. e) My sister married ___ June. f) Diane and I first met ___ 1979. g) I’m starting my new job ___ September 3 rd . h) We often go to the beach ___ summer. i) I’m going abroad ___ next Monday. j) Will you be at home ___ this evening? k) What do you usually do ___ weekends? l) She phones me ___ every Sunday. m) Liz and I arrived ___ the same time. n) Do you give each other presents ___ Christmas? o) We travelled to Paris last night and arrived ___ 5 o’clock ___ the morning.


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales 26. Write a preposition 1) Columbus made his first voyage from Europe to America …….. 1492. 2) In Britain most people don’t work …….. Sundays. 3) If the sky is clear, you can see the stars …….. night. 4) After working hard during the day, I like to relax …….. the evening. 5) The first man walked on the moon ….. 21st July 1969. 6) It’s difficult to listen if everyone is speaking …... the same time. 7) Jazz became popular in the United States …… the 1920s. 8) In Britain people send each other cards ….. Christmas. 9) Bob is a very fast runner. He can run 100 metres …….. 11 seconds. 10) Mozart was born in Salzburg …….. 1756. 11) I haven’t seen Kate for a few days. I last saw her ……. Tuesday. 12) The price of electricity is going up ……… October. 13) Hurry up! We’ve got to go ……… five minutes. 14) I hope the weather will be nice ……. the weekend. 15) We travelled overnight to Paris and arrived ……. 5 o’clock …….. the morning. 16) I have been invited to a wedding ……… 14th February. 17) The course begins …….. 7th January and ends sometime ……. April. 18) There are usually a lot of parties ……. New Year’s Eve. 19) …….. Saturday night I went to bed …… 11 o’clock. 20) I’m starting my new job ….. 3rd June.

Capital letters We use capital letters for: Names: John Jackson, Italy, Victoria Road, the Queen, etc. Nationalities and languages: French, English, Spanish, etc. Days, months, and specific dates: Monday, April, Christmas, Day, etc. The pronoun I. The beginning of a sentence.


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Seasons SPRING

SUMMER

AUTUMN

WINTER

Note: we can use the word Fall instead of Autumn

Months January May September

February June October

March July November


April August December

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Common adjectives Here we have got an enormous group but we are going to talk about adjectives that describe people:

a. Talking about people’s character:

What is he /she like? Anxious

Bad-tempered

Calm

Charming

Selfish

Sensitive

Serious

Sensible

Friendly

Hard-working

Proud

lazy

b. Talking about people’s appearance:

what does she /he look like? These are some of the most used adjectives: Height- tall, average, short Age- old, young, middle-aged. Academia de Guardias y Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil Úbeda-Baeza (Jaén)

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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales Eyes- black, brown, green, grey, blue. Hair- curly, straight, short, long, bald, blonde, fair, dark, brown, auburn, red.


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4. CRIMES


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UNMIB POLICE newsletter A. Jealous boyfriend kills Bluegate girl. On 7 June a 21-year-old Blueland female is murdered in the village of Bluegate. Earlier in the day, the woman argues with her boyfriend when she decides to end with him. Later that afternoon, a man breaks into the girl´s family flat and shoots her. The victim´s boyfriend is arrested in connection with the murder. B. Blueport naturist arrested. A Blueport man is stopped by the police when he is caught running naked along a country road. The man parks his car near a remote beach. As the man is lying on the beach, a thief breaks intohis car and steals the man´s wallet and trousers. The man is stopped by police as he is chasing the thief. C. Police hero gets medal for bravery. On the morning of 9 June, an off duty UNMIB police officer prevents a tragedy when he persuades an armed robber with a hostage to surrender. At 11 a.m. the robber, carrying an assault rifle, enters the Blueville City Bank. He leaves the bank 10 minutes later with a female hostage. Lieutenant Kimura sees the man enter the building and he is immediately requested back up. Police units don´t arrive when the man comes out of the bank and Lieutenant Kimura decides he cannot wait. Armed with only his service revolver, he confronts the robber. By the time the police response team arrives on the scene, Lieutenant Kimura persuades the man to surrender. 1. Decide which text is: * a funny story ___________ * a story of heroism ___________ * a tragic story _____________ 2. Read article “C” again and order the events. * The robber leaves the bank with a female hostage. __________ * Lt Kimura confronts the robber and persuades him to surrender. __________________ * The police response team arrives on the scene. ___________ * The robber enters the Blueville City Bank carrying an assault rifle. ____________ * Lt Kimura requests back up. ____________ 3. Now answer the questions for each report. * What happens? * When does it happen? * Who is involved? *Where does it happen?


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Crimes and criminals Crimes

Criminals

Burglary Mugging Shoplifting Pickpocketing Theft Vandalism Kidnapping Blackmail Rape Murder Smuggling Drug dealing Forgery Speeding Joyriding Hijacking Terrorism Arson

Burglar Mugger Shoplifter Pickpocket Thief Vandalist Kidnapper Blackmailer Rapist Murderer Smuggler Drug dealer Forger Speeder Joyrider Hijacker Terrorist Arsonist

1. Match the words and definitions:

Mugger Burglar Shoplifter Pickpocket Joyrider Hijacker

a. Someone who attacks people in the street and takes their money. b. Someone who takes things from a shop without paying for them. c. Someone who forces the pilot to give them control of a plane in the middle of a journey. d. Someone who takes things out of somebody’s pocket or bag. e. Someone who steals a car and drives it round very fast. f. Someone who goes into other people’s houses and takes things. 2. What do you know about these criminals? Write a few sentences about each one.

"IN THE END, WE WILL REMEMBER NOT THE WORDS OF OUR ENEMIES, BUT THE SILENCE OF OUR FRIENDS. " - MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. (1929-1968)


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The Present Continuous tense STRUCTURE Affirmative I You

am

reading

are

reading

He

is is

reading reading

is

reading

are are

reading reading

are

reading

She It We You They

Interrogative

Negative I You

am not aren't

reading reading

Am Are

I You

reading? reading?

He

isn 't

reading

Is

He

reading?

She It

isn 't isn 't

reading reading

Is Is

She It

reading? reading?

We You They

aren't aren't aren't

reading reading reading

Are Are Are

We You They

reading? reading? reading?

The Present Continuous is used with the following adverbs: now, at the moment, right now. USE We use the present continuous: a.

to talk about something which is happening at the time of speaking. e.g. Please, don’t make too much noise. I’m studying. Where is Margaret? “She is having a bath”.

b.

to talk about something which is happening around the time of speaking. e.g. I’m reading an interesting book. A friend of mine is building his own house.

c.

to talk about a temporary situation. e.g. I’m living with some friends until I find a flat.

d.

the present continuous can be used with a future meaning to talk about plans and intentions for the future. e.g. We are playing a football match this evening. Mark is going to France next week.

Nevertheless, this meaning will be dealt with in the unit devoted to the future tense.


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales SPELLING We must remember some spelling rules when adding –ing to the main verb. We add -ing to most verbs e.g. Go-going work-working Verbs ending in -e: we drop the -e and add –ing e.g. Make-making Verbs ending in -ie: we change the -ie into -y and add –ing e.g. Lie-lying die-dying If a verb of 1 syllabe ends in consonant + vowel + consonant, we double the final consonant when adding -ing. e.g. Plan-planning dig- digging If a verb of more than 1 syllable ends in consonant+ vowel + consonant we double the final consonant only if it is stressed. e.g. Begín-beginning BUT devélop-developing

Examples:

They are sleeping. Shut up! I’m working. Let’s go out. It isn’t raining. Is Peter working this week? No, he is on holiday.

• Finally, there are a number of verbs which are not usually used in the continuous form, these are called “static verbs”. Many of these verbs refer to states rather than actions.

MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL STATES

(dis)Like Believe Forget Hate Imagine Know Love Prefer Realise Remember Suppose Think (=have an opinion) Understand Want

USE OF THE SENSES

Hear See Look (=seem) Seem Taste Sound Smell

COMMUNICATING CAUSING REACTIONS

Agree Disagree Mean Surprise Promise Please

OTHERS

Possess Be Belong Consist Include Need Own


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales 2. Add –ing to the following verbs. Beat Kick open take Buy Laugh pay wait Dig Live put win Drink Make read work Fly Sit speak write Tie Go have put 3. Put the verb into the correct form. e.g. Please don’t make so much noise. I am studying (study). • Please be quiet. I _________(try) to concentrate. • Look! It _________(snow). • Why __________(you/look) at me like that? Have I said something wrong?. • You ___________(make) a lot of noise. Can you be a bit quieter? • Excuse me, I ________(look) for a phone box. Is there one near here?. • (in the cinema) It’s a good film, isn’t it? __________(you/enjoy) it? • Listen! Can you hear those people next door? They _________(shout) at each other again. • Why ___________(you/wear) your coat today? It’s very warm. • I __________(not/work) this week. I’m on holiday. • I want to lose weight. I __________ (not/ eat) anything today. 4. Translate this sentences: 1. -Marta está tocando la guitarra. 2. -Javier está jugando al fútbol en el parque. 3. -Mi padre está nadando en la piscina. 4. -Nosotros estamos escribiendo una carta a nuestra amiga María.

Present Simple or Present Continuous ? Present continuous ( I am doing) Use the present continuous to talk about something which is happening at or around the time of speaking.

past

I am doing now

future

Present simple ( I do) Use the present simple to talk about things in general or things which happen repeatedly

past

I do now

future

e.g. The kettle is boiling. Can you turn it off, please? e.g. Listen to those people, what language are they speaking?

e.g. Water boils at 100 degrees. e.g. Excuse me, do you speak English? e.g. Tom plays tennis every Saturday.

Use the present continuous for a temporary situation.

Use the present simple for a permanent situation.

e.g. I'm living with some friends until I can find a flat. e.g. That machine isn't working. It broke down this morning.

e.g. My parents live in London. They have been there for 20 years. e.g. That machine doesn't work. It hasn't worked for years.


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales 5. Write the correct tense of the verb: 1. John _____________to Mary now. (talk) 2. I______________ television every night.( watch) 3. The children usually_________to bed at nine o’clock. ( go) 4. _____________________a book at the moment? (Richard read) 5. They______________to the theatre very often. (not go) 6. I _________________at the moment.(not study) 7. I_______________English, although I __________at the moment.(not speak/study) 8. I__________in Valencia, though I____________in Madrid at the moment.(live/ stay) 9. I_________in a hotel at the moment, although I _________my own apartment. (stay/have) 10. She_________from Chile, though she ____________in New York now. (come/live) 6. Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple: e.g. Please don’t make so much noise, I am studying (study). How many languages does Tom speak (Tom /speak)? a. I __________(not/belong) to a political party. b. Hurry! The bus_________(come). I ______(not/want) to miss it. c. The River Nile _________(flow) into the Mediterranean. d. The river ___________(flow) very fast today – much faster than usual. e. We usually ________(grow) vegetables in our garden but this year we ___________(not/grow) any. f. You can borrow my umbrella. I _________(not/need) it at the moment. g. George says he’s 40 years old but I _____________(not/believe) him. h. Ron is in London at the moment. He _________(stay) at the Hilton Hotel. He usually _____________(stay) at the Hilton Hotel when he’s in London. i. Listen! Somebody ____________(sing). 7. Complete the sentences with the following verbs:

build cost go like come have open play speak teach stand swim wash cook a. Sarah is upstairs. She _________the piano. b. They _____________a new hotel in the city centre at the moment. c. My sister is very clever. She __________four languages. d. We usually ____________dinner at 7 o’clock. e. I __________films. I often _________to the cinema. f. Look! Somebody ___________in the river. g. In Britain the banks ___________at 9:30 in the morning. h. “You __________on my foot!”, “oh, I’m sorry”. i. Hurry up!, the bus____________. j. Food is expensive. It ___________a lot of money. k. “Where are you, Paul?” “In the kitchen, I _________a meal”. l. Tina is a teacher. She ___________mathematics to young children. m. Peter ____________his car twice a week.


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Talking about possession

The verb have (got) We may distinguish two main uses of the verb have (got): a) Expressing possession, relationships and other states. - In terms of meaning, have got means exactly the same as have in this case. So you can say: We have got a new car

or

We have a new car

- In interrogative and negative sentences there are 2 possible forms: Have you got any money? I haven't got any money. Do you have any money? I don't have any money. Has she got a car? She hasn't got a car. Does she have a car? She doesn't have a car. - We can use contractions with have got but not with have: e.g. I’ve got a sister. (NOT * I’ve a sister) - Got-forms of have are informal, and are more common in the present. e.g. Did you have a good weekend? (NOT * Did you have got a good weekend?) When she was a child, she had a long fair hair (NOT * She had got ) I didn’t have any money when I was a student. (NOT * I didn’t have got) b) Actions, typical expressions. - We often use have + object to talk about actions and experiences, especially in informal style. The exact meaning depends on the following noun. have breakfast / lunch / dinner / a meal / a drink have a bath / a shower / a shave have a rest / a sleep / a dream have a good time / a bad day / a holiday have a good journey have a chat / a talk / a conversation have a good memory have a walk have a look have a baby have difficulty have an accident have a party In these expressions: • We make interrogative and negative sentences with the auxiliary verb do/does. e.g. Does she have a good memory? She doesn’t have a good memory. • Got is not used. e.g. I have breakfast at 8 o’clock. (NOT* I have got breakfast) • Contractions are not used. e.g. I have a bath every day. (NOT* I’ve a bath every day). Academia de Guardias y Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil Úbeda-Baeza (Jaén)

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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales 8. Complete the following sentences with the verb have got. a) I can’t make a phone call. I _____________any money. b) Excuse me, ______________a ballpen? c) I couldn’t read the notice. I _____________my glasses. d) Why are you holding your face like that? “I _____________a toothache”. e) I can’t climb up onto the roof. I ____________a ladder. f) When you did the exam, ____________time to answer all the questions? g) We couldn’t visit the museum. We _______________enough time. h) _____________a bicycle when you were a child?. i) He couldn’t find his way to our house. He ___________a map. 9. Complete with have (got). Some of the sentences are present and some are past. e.g. Excuse me, have you got a light, please? a) A: It started to rain when I was walking home. B: Did it?, ______________an umbrella? b) ___________a beard before you joined the army? c) I can’t get into the house. I ___________my keys. d) She can’t pay her bills. She ____________ any money. e) ___________ a lot of friends when you lived in London?. f) I __________breakfast at 8 o’clock. 10. Complete the sentences with the verb to be or the verb have (got). a) Rafael ___________long hair. b) Danny and Luis ____________(not) problems with grammar. c) John ___________14 years old. d) Mario ___________two sisters. e) Julian ____________(not) a brother. f) Susan ____________short and thin. g) Alicia____________(not) a large house. h) They ____________very confident. 11. Complete the sentences. Use an expression from the list and put the verb into the correct form when necessary. HAVE A BABY HAVE A GOOD FLY HAVE A SHOWER

HAVE A BREAK HAVE A LOOK HAVE A NICE TIME

HAVE A CHAT HAVE LUCH

HAVE DIFFICULTY HAVE A PARTY

1. I don´t eat much during the day. I never ....................................... 2. David starts work at 8 oćlock...............at 10.30. 3. We...............................last week. It was great- we invited lots of people. 4. Excuse me, can I............at your newspaper, please? 5. Jim is away on holiday at the moment. I hope he............... 6. I met Ann in the supermarket yesterday. We stopped and ............................ 7. A: ...............finfing the book you wanted? B: No, I found it OK 8. Suzanne............a few weeks ago. It´s her second child. 9. A: Why didn´t you answer the phone? B: I.................................................... 10. You meet your family Sally at the airport. She has just arrived. You say: Hi Sally. How are you?..........................


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The definite article THE We use “THE” a) before plural and singular nouns when it is clear in the situation which thing or person we are referring: eg. I saw a dog. The dog was barking. (The dog that I saw) Can you turn the light off, please? (The light in the room) b) when we are thinking of a particular thing: eg. I cleaned the car yesterday. (my car) Tom sat down on the chair nearest the door. (a particular chair) c) with some general expressions: eg. listen to the radio, listen to the news *BUT listen to music watch the news *BUT watch television play the piano/the guitar, etc go to the doctor/ to the dentist, etc go to the theatre/the cinema/the disco/the zoo, etc. d) with the words school, prison, hospital, church, etc. when we are not thinking of the general idea of these places and what they are used for: eg. Nora had an accident and I went to the hospital to visit her Her parents went to the school for a meeting e) with the name of a public office eg. the Queen, the King of Spain PAY ATTENTION! Use of “THE” with names of places: Countries with the words “Kingdom”, “States”. “Republic”: The United Kingdom, The Dominican Republic, The United States Plural countries: The Netherlands Oceans, seas, rivers: the Pacific, the Mediterranean, the Nile Mountain ranges: the Alps, the Andes Hotels, theatres: the Ritz, the Playhouse Groups of islands: the Balearic Islands, the Canaries We don’t use “THE” a) before plural and uncountable nouns when we are talking about things or people in general: eg. Cars are very dangerous. Water is healthy. b) with some time expressions such as: eg.

weekdays: on Monday(s) specific days: on Christmas Day clock time: at seven o’clock holiday periods: at Christmas months: in April

c) with some expressions: eg. go on foot/by bus/by car, etc. On television Play football, basketball, etc. Academia de Guardias y Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil Úbeda-Baeza (Jaén)

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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales d) with the names of meals: eg. We had lunch at 13.00 o’clock Dinner is ready e) with the words school, prison, hospital, church, etc. when we are thinking of the general idea of these places and what they are used for: eg. Nora had an accident and was taken to hospital Children go to school to learn to read and write f) with Mr/ Mrs/ Captain/ President/ King, etc + a name or a surname: eg. President Kennedy, King Charles, Mr Johnson g) with a name + a public office (in apposition) eg. Elizabeth, Queen of England PAY ATTENTION! We don’t use “THE” with: Continents: Europe, Africa Most countries: Italy, France Counties, regions: Texas, Andalusia Cities: London, Madrid Lake and Mount + a name: Mount Everest, Lake Hudson Mountains: Mont Blanc, Everest Islands: Sicily 12. Put in a/an or the. a. This morning I bought ___ newspaper and ___ a magazine. ___ newspaper is in my bag but I don’t know where I put ___ magazine. b. There are two cars parked outside: ___ blue one and ___ grey one. ___ blue one belongs to my neighbours; I don’t know who ___ owner of ___ grey one is. c. I saw ___ accident this morning. ___ car crashed into ___ tree. ___ driver of __ car wasn’t hurt but ___ car was badly damaged. 13. Put in a/an or the a. This house is very nice. Has it got ___ garden? b. I like living in this house but it’s a pity that ___ garden is so small c. George has a part-time job. He works three mornings___ week. d. What does he do? He is ___ vet. e. What is ___ name of that man that we met yesterday? 14. Complete the sentences with the where necessary a. ___ Queen is in __ United States. b. I have ___ breakfast every day. c. I am at ___ Station Hotel. d. ___ Mont Blanc is a mountain. e. She cannot play ___ violin f. Do you usually watch ___ news? g. ___ Pacific is an ocean. h. We don’t go to ___ theatre very much. In fact, in ___ town where we live there isn’t any theatre. i. Felipe, __ Prince of Asturias, got married in May. j. Ann is writing her name at __ top of the page. k. ___ women live longer than ___ men l. Look at ___ apples on that tree! They are very big. m. Johns mother is a regular churchgoer. She goes to ___ church every day. n. The other day the fire brigade were called to ___ prison to put out a fire. Academia de Guardias y Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil Úbeda-Baeza (Jaén)

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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales 15. Choose the correct form with or without “the”. a. I´m afraid of dogs/ the dogs (dogs is correct) b. Can you pass salt/ the salt, please? c. Apples/ the apples are good for you. d. I don´t drink tea/ the tea. I don´t like it. e. I like skiing/ the skiing, but I´m not very good at it. f. First World War/ The First World War lasted from 1914 until 1918. g. Most people/ The most people believe that marriage / the marriage and family life/ the family life are the basis of society/ the society. h. Who are people/ the people in this photograph?

Making questions: wh- words The words what, who, where, when, why, how are used in questions to show what kind of information is wanted. This is the structure used for the Present Simple: WH +Auxuliary (do /does) + SUJECT+ MAIN VERB+(COMPLEMENTS)? What do you do? How does she go to school? When do the lessons start? Where do your parents live? The structure used for Present Continuous is the following: WH + To Be + SUBJECT + Verb in –ING form+(COMPLEMENTS)? Why is John learning English? What are you doing? Who is Lisa talking to? WHO and WHAT can be the subject of the interrogative sentence, in this case the word order is the same as in affirmative sentences and we put the verb in 3rd person singular: e.g. Who is coming? What is happening? English does not have a single question word for every situation. In order to find out some kinds of information, we need to use expressions of two or more words. e.g. How often do you drink coffee? (At ) What time do you have lunch? How far is the bus station? Which shirt do you prefer: the blue or the white one? How old is your father? 16. Quiz champion Claude Jennings is answering questions . Put in these words and phrases: how far, how long, how often, how many, what, what colour, what kind, when, where and who. Quiz-master: Claude: a) …………is the Greek flag? Blue and white b) …………. Is Melbourne? It is in Australia c) …….. centimetres are there in a kilometre? A hundred thousand d) ……….did the Second World War end? In 1945 e) ………. Did Romeo love? Juliet f) ……… is Sirius? It´s a start g) ……is it from Los Angeles to San Francisco? About 400 miles h) ……are the Olympic Games held? Every four years i) ………of food is Cheddar? It´s cheese j) ……….. is a game of rugby? Eighty minutes Academia de Guardias y Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil Úbeda-Baeza (Jaén)

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Colours White brown

black grey

blue pink

green orange

yellow purple

red light/dark

Useful expressions: What colour (hair) has she/he got? / in colour What is your favourite colour? / a brightly-coloured (shirt) What colour (shirt) do you like? / a light red (suit) In full colour / a dark green (anorak) 17. Write the colours of the smilies:


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Clothes Anorak

Coat

Jacket

Sweater / sweatshirt

Shirt

Blouse

Trousers

Jeans

Shorts

Dress

Tights

Socks

Shoes

Trainers

Tracksuit

t-shirt Skirt Suit / outfit

• Useful expressions: What size are you?/ What size (shirt) do you take? * It fits you/ It doesn’t fit you * It suits you/ It doesn’t suit you * A small/medium/large size * A striped (shirt)/ a check (skirt) 18. Now, complete the gap with the appropriate word.

___________

____________

____________

____________

_____________

____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

______________________________________________________ Academia de Guardias y Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil Úbeda-Baeza (Jaén)

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The body 19. Look at the picture and link the following words to each body-part: head, shoulder, arm, foot, ear, leg, hand, neck, mouth, waist, nose, eye, chest, knee, forehead

20. Complete the sentences with the following expressions: cheeky tight-fisted by ear heartless to put one’s foot in it

a pain in the neck hair-raising an eyesore tongue-twister

a) ___________ is something (often a building) which is ugly to look at. b) “__________” means to say the wrong thing or to make a mistake. c) Someone who is __________ is a very irritating, tiresome person. d) If you are _________ , it means you are cruel. e) A __________ person is someone who is rude or impolite. f) If something is __________ then it is frightening. g) A __________ is a long word or phrase which is very difficult to say quickly or correctly. h) A __________ person is someone who is very mean. i) A person learns something ________ when s/he learns it only by listening.


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5. AT THE CUSTOMS


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“MERGING INS AND CUSTOMS WON’T SOLVE PROBLEMS” PROBLEMS” The honourable Byron Dorgan, US Senator from North Dakota, has ordered Bush to fight against terrorism. He thinks that the president’s recommendations dealing with homeland security are thoughtful and good. There is one recommendation, advanced by Tom Ridge, Homeland Security Director, and others, which Byron Dorgan will not support. That recommendation involves merging the Immigration Service with the Customs Service in order to prevent terrorist attacks against the U.S . In fact in a speech Senator Dorgan delivered on the floor of the Senate he insisted ‘the idea of merging both agencies is one that I just cannot support’. Byron Dorgan thinks that it would be inappropriate because the government would not solve the problems of any agency by simply creating large bureaucracies. ‘We had an embarrassing circumstance a couple of weeks ago in which the Immigration Service issued visas to Mohammed Atta and one of the other terrorists who flew the airplanes into the World Trade Center murdered thousands of people. We need to solve those problems at the Immigration Service not at the Customs’. He says that Mr Ziglar, who runs the Immigration Service, has inherited an agency with a lot of problems, an agency that could not track anything on its computers and could not track down anyone who overstayed a visa. He also says that the Customs Service runs pretty well and that it has some problems but that it is an entirely different agency, which deals with the facilitation of trade and the prohibition of illegal goods from coming into the country but not with the problems of the INS. ► COMPREHENSION 1. What is the function of the Customs Service? 2. Why does not Byron Dorgan support the idea of merging the INS and the Customs Service? ► VOCABULARY 1. Match the three following verbs with their definitions. 1. support 2. track down 3. overstay

a. To find sb. / sth. by searching b. To stay longer than the arranged or expected period of time c. To help or encourage sb./sth. by saying or showing that you agree with them/it


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CUSTOMS Useful expressions: By the customs official: - Your passport, please? - How long do you intend to stay in Spain? - Do you have anything to declare? - Do you have cigarettes, wine, brandy? By the tourist: - Must I have a visa? - Must I have a permit to stay? - How much duty must I pay? Exercises: 1. Put the sentences of the following dialogue in order. Tourist: I intend to stay about three weeks. I’m here as a tourist. Customs official: Thank you, enjoy your stay! Customs official: You have to pay €4. Tourist: No, I don’t. Tourist: Yes, I would like to declare my camera. Customs official: Could you show me your passport, please? Tourist: Ok, here is the money. Customs official: How long do you intend to stay in Italy? Customs official: Do you have cigarettes, brandy, or wine? Tourist: Yes, here you are. Tourist: How much duty must I pay? Customs official: Do you have anything to declare?

2. In pairs make a role-play with it.


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Countable and uncountable nouns A noun can be countable or uncountable. Countable nouns refer to things you can count and they can be singular or plural. e.g: one apple, two apples, three apples. Uncountable nouns refer to things you can’t count. They have no plural form and they take a singular verb. We do not use them with numbers. e.g: butter, sugar, water (not two butters, three sugars, four waters). Kinds of food and drink (bread, cheese, coffee, milk, meat, fish), materials (wood, sand, cotton, iron) and abstract nouns (peace, luck, beauty) are uncountable nouns. Some more examples of uncountable nouns are: advice, furniture, information, knowledge, money, music, news, permission, progress, rubbish, traffic, weather, work, etc. Some nouns can be countable or uncountable but the meaning is different:: coffee, tea, orange juice, ice-cream. e.g: I want some coffee and some tea. Two coffees and an ice-cream, please. (In a café) ► To express quantity we can make uncountable nouns countable by using expressions such as: a bar of

a cup of

a bottle of

a glass of

a carton of

a jar of

a packet of

a loaf of

a tin of

a piece of

a can of

a sheet of

a bowl of

a kilo of

a litre of a bit of a slice of an item of a pound of a lump of

e.g: a bar of chocolate / a litre of orange juice / a piece of advice / an item of furniture 3. Are the following nouns countable or uncountable? information apple egg money

milk bread sweet book orange meat

peach glass bottle fish jam cheese

chocolate onion furniture flower

4. Join the expressions on the left with the most suitable noun on the right. a. a bar of b. a carton of c. a cup of d. a glass of e. a loaf of f. a piece of g. a sheet of h. a lump of i. a can of j. a kilo of

1. Coke 2. chocolate 3. paper 4. sugar 5. tea 6. water 7. advice 8. fruit 9. milk 10. bread


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A / An, Some and Any Use a/an with singular countable nouns. e.g: I have a car. Would you like an apple? Use some with plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns in affirmative sentences. e.g: I want some apples. I want some money. Use any with plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns in negative and interrogative sentences. e.g: I don’t want any apples. / I don’t want any money. Do you want any apples? / Do you want any money? We can also use some in interrogative sentences to ask for and offering things. The answer is affirmative. e.g: Would you like some biscuits? Yes, please. Can you lend me some money? Yes, of course.

COUNTABLE Affirmative sentences

We need

Negative sentences

We don’t need

Interrogative sentences

Do we need

UNCOUNTABLE

an apple. some apples.

some butter. some milk.

a tomato. any tomatoes. a tomato? any tomatoes?

any rice. any sugar. any rice? any sugar?

5. Fill in the blanks with a/an or some: _____egg _____apple _____bread

_____butter _____peach _____tomato _____cheese _____bananas _____meat

_____sweets _____milk _____orange _____potatoes _____orange juice _____water

6. Complete the following sentences with a/an, some or any: a. We didn’t buy ______ flowers. b. I didn’t have ______ money, so I had to borrow ______. c. “Can you give me ______ information about places of interest in the city?” “Yes, of course” d. “Would you like _____ tea?” No, thank you. I don’t feel like. e. I can pay. I’ve got ____ money. f. I haven’t got ______ bananas. g. She’s reading _____ interesting book. h. I’ve got _____ sandwich for lunch. i. Have you got ______ apples? j. I don’t want _____ coffee. k. I haven’t got _______ American accent. l. She wants ______ food.


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales 7. Translate into English. a. No bebo café. _________________________________________________________ b. Queremos dos cafés con leche. ___________________________________________ c. Necesito una hoja de papel para escribir tu dirección. _________________________ d. Ellos quieren comida y bebida. ___________________________________________ e. ¿Tienes algo de dinero? _________________________________________________ f. Yo quiero una rebanada de pan. ___________________________________________ g. Ben está escribiendo una carta. ___________________________________________ h. Nuestros amigos no quieren un vaso de agua. ________________________________ 8. Make a sentence using the following words: SOME ________________________________________________________________ A ____________________________________________________________________ ANY _________________________________________________________________ AN ___________________________________________________________________

How much, How many and quantifiers Here we have two EXPRESSIONS TO ASK ABOUT QUANTITY: Use How much …? with uncountable nouns. e.g: How much sugar do we need? Use How many …? with plural countable nouns. e.g: How many books have you got? To express quantity we can use the following QUANTIFIERS: Use a lot of with countable and uncountable nouns for a big quantity in affirmative sentences. e.g: - I have a lot of friends. / - I drink a lot of water. Use many with plural countable nouns in negative or interrogative sentences. Use not many for a small quantity. e.g: - I don’t have many friends. / - ‘Do you have many friends?’ ‘Not many’. Use much with uncountable nouns in negative and interrogative sentences. Use not much for a small quantity. e.g: - I don’t have much money. / - ‘Do you have much money?’ ‘Not much’. Use (a) few with plural countable nouns in affirmative and interrogative sentences. e.g: - I have few books. / - Do you have few books? It sounds negative, ‘not enough’. - I have a few books. /- Do you have a few books? It sounds positive, ‘some but not much’. Use (a) little with uncountable nouns in affirmative and interrogative sentences. e.g.: - I have little money. / - Do you have little money? It sounds negative, ‘not enough’. - I have a little money. /- Do you have a little money? It sounds positive, ‘some but not much’.


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales Observe the differences among few/little, a few/a little: - I wrote few letters last night. Today I must continue. - I wrote a few letters last night. Today I can rest. - I’ve got little money. I cannot buy a car. - I’ve got a little money, so I’m going to buy a car. COUNTABLE (plural) - How many sweets do you eat? UNCOUNTABLE (sing.) - How much water do you drink?

FULL ANSWERS - I eat a lot of sweets. - I don’t eat many sweets. - I eat few sweets. - I eat a few sweets. FULL ANSWERS - I drink a lot of water. - I don’t drink much water. - I drink little water. - I drink a little water.

SHORT ANSWERS - A lot. - Not many. - Few. - A few. SHORT ANSWERS - A lot. - Not much. - Little. - A little.

9. Complete the following questions with how many or how much: a. _______________ people are you seeing in the street? b. _______________ milk does she drink? c. _______________ coffee do you usually drink? d. _______________ eggs are the boys buying? e. _______________ cents do you want? f. _______________ money do you have with you? g. _______________ free time do you have during the week? h. _______________ tea do you want? i. _______________ players are there in a football team? j. _______________ letters is your uncle writing? k. _______________ food are you buying? l. _______________ mistakes does she usually make in her exams? 10. Put in a lot of , a lot, many or much. a. Do you drink ____________ tea? b. I like reading. I’ve got ____________ books. c. There isn’t ____________ milk in the fridge. d. It costs ____________ money to travel around the world. e. Hurry up! I haven’t got ____________ time. f. They don’t ask me ___________ questions. g. There is ____________ food at the party. h. George doesn’t know ____________ about economics. i. I don’t eat ____________ apples. j. I eat ____________ fruit. k. We don’t buy ____________ vegetables. l. ‘How ____________ water do you drink?’ ‘ ____________.’ 11. Complete the following sentences with many or much: a. How ____________ birds are there on the roof? b. How ____________ butter do you want? c. How ____________ sugar is there in the cup? d. There isn’t __________ milk in the fridge. e. How ____________ hats are there in that room? f. There aren’t ____________ students in the class. g. How ____________ does this thing cost? h. There isn’t ____________ salt in the kitchen. i. How ____________ water is there in that glass? j. There aren’t ____________ plants in the garden. Academia de Guardias y Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil Úbeda-Baeza (Jaén)

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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales 12. Put in many, much, few or little. a. He isn’t very popular. He has ____________ friends. b. Ann is very busy these days. She has ____________ free time. c. Do you take ___________ photographs when you go on holidays? d. I’m not very busy today. I haven’t got ____________ to do. e. The museum is very crowded. There are too ____________ people. f. Most of the town is modern. There are ____________ old buildings. g. The weather is very dry. We have ____________ rain. 13. Write little, a little, few or a few. a. Hurry! I have got ____________ time. b. Unfortunately he has got ____________ friends. c. She has got ____________ patience with children. d. I have got ____________ friends and we meet quite often. e. I can’t decide now. I need ____________ time to think about it. f. ‘When did you see Sarah?’ ‘ ____________ days ago.’ g. There are ____________ people in the cinema. It is almost empty. h. They are not rich, but they have got ___________ money, enough to live. i. He is very lazy. He does ____________ work. j. We cannot make omelettes for lunch. We have ____________ eggs. k. Could you possibly give me ___________ help? l. I only need __________ minutes to get ready.

Too and Enough TOO is an adverb. It modifies adjectives and adverbs. TOO + adjective / adverb e.g: - He is too old to work / - We arrived too late to have dinner. Too may accompany much and many. ‘Too many’ is used with plural countable nouns and ‘too much’ is used with singular uncountable nouns. e.g: - There are too many books on the shelf. - There is too much salt in the soup. ‘Too many’ and ‘too much’ can also be used as pronouns. e.g: - Don’t buy more oranges. There are too many. - I think she studies too much. ENOUGH can be found in two different positions: ‘Enough’, as an adverb, can modify an adjective or an adverb. It normally comes after the adjective or the adverb. adjective / adverb + ENOUGH e.g: - He isn’t tall enough to reach the shelf. - You are not driving fast enough. ‘Enough’ can be also used before a noun as a determiner. ENOUGH + noun e.g: - Is there enough sugar in your coffee? - There aren’t enough children in the classroom. ‘Enough’ can be used alone without a noun, if the meaning is clear. e.g: That’s enough, thank you.


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales TOO and ENOUGH can be used to express the same things using opposite or different adjectives and adverbs. Note that they can be paraphrases of each other. TOO + adjective + to + verb it is used to show that something is excessive (too much). Not + adjective + ENOUGH + to + verb it is used to show that something is insufficient. e.g: - It’s too high (for me) to reach. / - It’s not low enough for me to reach. - It’s too cold to go for a picnic. / - It’s not warm enough to go for a picnic. 14. Complete these sentences using ‘enough’ and the words in the box: NOUNS ADJECTIVES

cups big

milk old

money warm

qualifications good

sweets

time

a. She shouldn’t get married yet. She’s not old enough. b. I’d like to buy a car but I haven’t got _______________. c. Have you got _______________ in your tea or would you like some more? d. Are you _______________? Or shall I switch on the heating? e. I don’t have _______________ for fifty children. f. Steve didn’t feel _______________ to work this morning. g. I didn’t answer all the questions in the exam. I didn’t have _______________. h. Do you think I’ve got _______________ to apply for the job? i. Try this jacket on and see if it’s _______________ for you. j. There aren’t _______________ for everybody to have coffee at the same time. 15. Complete the sentences with ‘enough’ and the words in brackets. a. We haven’t got enough money to buy a car. (money/buy) b. This knife isn’t ____________________ tomatoes. (sharp/cut) c. The water isn’t ____________________ a bath. (warm/have) d. Have we got ____________________ sandwiches? (bread/make) e. We are playing well but not ____________________ the game. (well/win) f. I don’t have ____________________ newspapers. (time/read) g. You don’t eat ____________________ healthy. You should eat more. (fruit/be) h. I’m not ____________________ to bed. (tired/go) i. Is there ____________________? (sugar/have) j. Do you have ____________________ the questions in the exam? (time/answer) 16. Complete the sentences with ‘too’ and the words in brackets. a. It’s too cold to go out. (cold/go) b. It’s ____________________ to bed. (early/go) c. They’re ____________________ married. (young/get) d. It’s ____________________ out at night. (dangerous/go) e. It’s ____________________Ann now. (late/phone) f. I am ____________________ something. (surprised/say) g. They’re ____________________ football. (old/play) h. She’s ____________________. (tired/work) i. It’s ____________________ outside. (cold/sit) j. My friends arrived ____________________ lunch. (late/have) 17. Paraphrase the following sentences using the words in brackets and ‘too’ or ‘enough’. Make any changes necessary. a. The water is too swallow to swim in. (deep) The water isn’t deep enough to swim in. b. I’m not tall enough to paint the ceiling. (short) ______________________________. c. The bridge is too narrow for trucks to pass. (wide) ___________________________. d. David isn’t old enough to get a driving licence. (young) _______________________. e. It’s too dark to see anything. (light) _______________________________________. Academia de Guardias y Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil Úbeda-Baeza (Jaén)

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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales f. This sofa isn’t wide enough to sit on. (narrow) _______________________________. g. This coffee is too hot to drink. (cold) ______________________________________. h. The piano is too heavy to move. (light) ____________________________________. i. The situation isn’t easy enough to explain. (complicated) ______________________. j. The wall is too high to climb over. (low) ___________________________________.

Other(s) / Another When ‘other’ is used as an adjective, it is used before singular or plural nouns. e.g: - Where is the other blue tube of sun cream? - Where are the other photos? - I want the other ice-cream. - There are many other beaches in Spain. When ‘other(s)’ is used as a pronoun, i.e, alone, without a noun, it can be used in the singular and the plural to refer to singular and plural nouns. e.g: - Here is one of my gloves. Where is the other? (the other glove) - Some pupils travel by bus, others by train. (other pupils) - I’ve got some photos. Where are the others? (the other photos) - These cups are too small. Have you got any others? (any other cups) ’Another’ is used as an adjective before singular count nouns. It means ‘one more’. e.g: - Can I have another cup of tea? - I want another ice-cream. - She doesn’t want another apple. We can use another + few + noun or another + a number + noun. e.g: - Wait another few days. / - Wait another three days. 18. Write another, other or others. a. May I have __________ piece of cake? b. I’ve got __________ things to do. c. Mary has got __________ three books to read. d. __________ four years passed. e. Let’s wait __________ few minutes. f. Can you show me some __________ shoes? g. I can see Peter and Jane at their desks, but where are the __________? h. I want __________ potato. I don’t like this one. i. The police arrested John, Fred and two __________. j. This doesn’t suit me. Have you got any __________ colour? k. I want __________ ice-cream. That one isn’t enough. l. Mother has already read this book. Do you have any __________. m. We have given him __________ chance to prove himself. n. Dad has used up all these envelopes. Where are the __________? o. This road is blocked. Let’s take the __________ one.


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There be: present simple We use this derivated form of ‘to be’ to say that something exists or doesn’t exist. In this case we do not distinguish particular persons but just number, i.e., singular or plural. AFFIRMATIVE SINGULAR

There is a piano.

PLURAL

There are some pianos.

NEGATIVE There isn’t a piano. There aren’t any pianos.

INTERROGATIVE Is there a piano? Are there any pianos?

SHORT ANSWERS - Yes, there is. - No, there isn’t. - Yes, there are. - No, there aren’t.

We often use there is/are with a/an, some and any. Examples: - There is a book on the table. - There are two students in the classroom. - There are some students in the classroom. - There isn’t a car in the street. - There aren’t any students in the classroom. - Is there a car in the street? – Yes, there is. / - No, there isn’t. - Is there any student in the classroom? – Yes, there is. / - No, there isn’t. - Are there any books on the table? - Yes, there are. / - No, there aren’t. - Are there three books on the table? – Yes, there are. / - No, there aren’t. 19. Complete the sentences with the correct form of there be in the present simple tense. a. ____________ a sofa in the living-room. b. ____________ four cups in the cupboard. c. ____________ any children at the school? d. ____________ three policemen at the door. e. ____________ a book under the table. f. ____________ some pictures on the wall. g. ____________ any desks in the study. h. ____________ ten trees in the garden. i. ____________ a book on the table? Yes, __________. j. _____________ some restaurants in this village.

20. Complete the following sentences. a. I am hungry but ____________ anything to eat. b. ____________ any letters for me? c. ____________ a football match on TV. d. ____________ a swimming pool in the hotel. e. The wallet is empty, ____________ any money in it. f. ____________ many people at the meeting? No, there aren’t. g. We are not in the museum, ____________ enough tickets. h. I’m sorry I’m late, ____________ a lot of traffic. i. ____________ a lot of noise in this room. j. ____________ any fruit in the fridge.

21. Write affirmative, negative or interrogative sentences with there is/are and some, any or a/an. a. (+) chairs / in the garden ________________________________________________. b. (+) table / in the kitchen ________________________________________________. c. (?) fireplace / in the living-room __________________________________________. d. (-) plants / in the garden ________________________________________________. e. (?) cupboards / in the kitchen ____________________________________________. f. (-) shower / in the bathroom _____________________________________________. g. (+) shelves / in the room ________________________________________________. h. (?) apple / in the fridge _________________________________________________. i. (-) people / in the street _________________________________________________. 22. Translate the following sentences. a. No hay ordenadores en la clase. __________________________________________. b. Hay 4.500 guardias en la Academia. ______________________________________. c. ¿Hay algún libro en la estantería? _________________________________________. d. No hay tomates en la bolsa. _____________________________________________. e. Hay un gato en el tejado. _______________________________________________. Academia de Guardias y Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil Úbeda-Baeza (Jaén)

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FOOD AND DRINKS

FOOD IN BRITAIN 23. Match the paragraphs (A-D) to the photos.


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24. Match the words and pictures.


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AT A RESTAURANT MENU STARTERS Soup of the day Home-made soup made from fresh vegetables Mushrooms surprise Deep-fried stuffed mushrooms with a special sauce Prosciutto Smoked ham with melon and bacon Creole Salad Fresh spinach, avocado and bacon Prawn Cocktail Fresh prawns served on lettuce with a tasty sauce

MAIN COURSES Veal Milanese Breadcrumbed escalope of veal with a rich tomato sauce New York Steak Charcoal-grilled T-bone steak Ragout Of Lamb Hearty stew of lamb with tomatoes and mushrooms cooked in wine and herbs Trout Meuniere Fresh river trout fried in butter with almonds, lemon and parsley

£1.20 £1.60 £2.80 £1.70 £1.50

DESSERTS Lemon cheesecake Fresh fruit salad with cream or ice-cream £1.60 Assorted ice-creams and sorbets –strawberry, chocolate, vanilla Apple pie served hot or cold with cream £1.35

£4.90 £7.00

£1.60

£1.20

SIDE ORDERS £4.50 Garlic bread Mixed salad £1.30 Potato in the jacket £1.00 Fresh vegetables of the day – beans, spinach, broccoli, courgettes, carrot £1.00

£4.75

£1.00

DRINKS WINES,LIQUEURS,COFFEE House wine-red or white Lager

litre ½ litre glass pint ½ pint

Gin, whisky, vodka, rum Sherries and vermouth Coca-cola, tonic water, fruit juices Mineral water Coffee Academia de Guardias y Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil Úbeda-Baeza (Jaén)

£5.00 £2.75 £1.00 50 p 80 p £1.00 £1.20 50 p 40 p 50 p

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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales USEFUL WORDS NOUNS waiter/waitress sir/madam menu table chair bill

ADJECTIVES delicious excellent very good horrible disgusting (un)healthy fattening cheap expensive

VERBS order have eat drink

UTENSILS spoon knife fork teaspoon plate/dish cup glass (paper) napkins napkin-ring

SEASONING oil and vinegar salt and pepper mayonnaise sugar

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS By the customer

By the waiter / waitress

We’d like a table for (two), please.

Would you like to order?

Can we have the table over there?

Are you ready to order?

Can we order, please?

What would you like to order?

Can we have the menu, please?

Anything else?

Can we have (soup), please?

Why don’t you try (the soup)?

I would like (a salad), please

Yes, madam / sir.

Can I have the bill, please?

Here you are, madam / sir.

25. Read the menu. A) Choose a starter for someone who… loves mushrooms ________________________________________________________ doesn’t have much money _________________________________________________ loves avocados __________________________________________________________ B) Choose a main course for someone who… doesn’t like fried food ____________________________________________________ loves fish ______________________________________________________________ C) Choose a dessert for someone who… wants something hot _____________________________________________________ loves chocolate _________________________________________________________ D) Choose a complete meal for… someone who loves meat and has a very big appetite ___________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ a vegetarian who sometimes eats fish _______________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ someone who is hungry but wants to spend only £12 and wants to drink something _____________________________________________________________________ someone who wants to lose weight but wants two or three courses _________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Academia de Guardias y Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil Úbeda-Baeza (Jaén)

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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales 26. Label each picture below with its corresponding name.

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________


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6. ASKING FOR DOCUMENTS


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DRIVING DOCUMENTS There are a number of documents that a police officer can ask the driver of a motor vehicle to produce. These documents include:  Driving licence  Large Goods Vehicle (LGV) driving licence  Passenger Carrying Vehicle (PCV) driving licence  Certificate of motor insurance  Identity card A police officer may ask the driver of a motor vehicle to produce these documents when:  A motor vehicle is being driven on the road, or  The officer reasonably believes that the person was the driver of a motor vehicle involved in a road traffic collision, or  The officer reasonably believes that the person was the driver of a motor vehicle at the time of a moving traffic offence. If the driver cannot produce the relevant documents at the time of request (1) the police officer will issue (2) them with a form HO/RT/1. The documents should be produced with this form at the police station nominated by the driver. If a HO/RT/1 is issued, the driver has seven days to produce the documents at the nominated station. The driving licence must be produced in person. The certificate of insurance can be produced by any person. If one of the documents you are required to produce is lost, immediately apply for a duplicate and produce the documents that are available(3) at the nominated station. Reported by Lancashire Constabulary Headquarters. UK. (1) Ask for something. (2) Supply or distribute something for their use. (3) That can be obtained or used.

1.

Name some of the documents a police officer can ask you to produce.

2.

Find in the text a word meaning “ one of two or more things that are exactly alike”.

3.

When may a police officer ask a driver to produce any of the documents mentioned in the text?

SOME USEFUL EXPRESSION WHEN ASKING FOR DOCUMENTS Please, your car documents? Please, give me your passport / your identity card / your driving license. Plate number? Could you show me your insurance policy? This policy has expired. Please, sign here.


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The verb To Be: past simple

Affirmative

Negative

I

was

I

wasn't

Interrogative was I?

You

were

You

weren't

were

You?

Yes, you were / No, you weren't

She He It

was was was

She He It

wasn't wasn't wasn't

was was was

She? He? It?

Yes,she was / No, she wasn't Yes,he was / No, he wasn't Yes,it was / No, it wasn't

We You They

were were were

We You They

weren't weren't weren't

were were were

We? You? They?

Yes, we were / No, we weren't Yes, you were / No, you weren't Yes, they were / No, they weren't

Examples:

Short answers Yes, I was / No, I wasn't

He wasn’t at home yesterday. They were at the party last Saturday. Was your sister at the disco on Sunday? Yes, she was.

1.Complete the sentences with was / were / wasn´t / weren´t. 22 years old. a) Kate got married when She b) I phoned you yesterday evening but you at home. Where you? c) I hungry last night , so I had something to eat. at the party because he had to work. d) Paul e) Beethoven and Bach composers but they Spanish. a civil guard. f) My neighbour g) My friend angry because his car in the garage. Mary in London last year? h) i ) Louise and James at the disco but Nico . very good. The ticket expensive and the house dirty. j) The party 2. Order the questions: a) easy / the test / was? b) were/ you / why / in Dublin ? c) your motorbike / was / where / last Sunday? d ) in Barcelona/ was/ Gina / on Tuesday ? e ) last summer / were/ you/ in Ibiza ? 3.Complete the text. Use was, wasn´t , were and weren´t. JOHN LENNON ( 1940-1980) John Lennon was from Liverpool , in Britain .At school, he was interested in art and music but he very good student.At 16, he Four years later , John

in his first group but they

a

very popular.

in a new group. Their music

original and exciting , and they

number one in Britain and in America. Their name ? The Beatles!


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There Be: past simple

Singular Plural

Affirmative There was There were

Negative There was not/ ( wasn’t) There were not (weren’t)

Interrogative Was there Were there

Short Answers Yes, there was No, there wasn’t Yes, there were No, there weren’t

Examples There was a girl in the street. There were some children in the classroom. There wasn’t a table in the room. Were there three books on the shelf? Yes, there were. 4. Translate the following sentences a. b. c. d. e.

Había tres policias en la comisaría. No había leche en el frigorífico. ¿Había algun reloj en la cocina? Si. Había 250 habitacones en ese hotel. ¿Había un niño en el parque? No.

5.Complete the sentences with there was / there wasn´t / there were/ there weren´t / was there / were there. a) I was hungry but anything to eat. any letters for me yesterday ? b) c) a football match on tv last night. any clothes in it. d) The suitcase was empty. e) I found a wallet in the street but any money in it. many people at the meeting? ' No, very few. ' g) h)We didn´t visit the museum. enough time. i) I´m sorry I´m late. a lot of traffic. j) The radio wasn´t working because any batteries in it.


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The Past Simple Tense USES

FORM

A completed action in the past A series of completed actions in the past

She flew to Boston last week We went to the beach and then we visited the city

TIME EXPRESSIONS Yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 1999, on September 15 When, then

EXAMPLES Affirmative I, You studied He, She, It studied We, You, They studied

Negative I, You didn’t study He, She, It didn’t study We, You, They didn’t study

Notes to take into account: - for regular verbs we add –ed - The spelling sometimes changes: love > loved stay > stayed study > studied - Irregular verbs have special forms.

Interrogative Did I, You study? Did he, she, it study? Did we, you, they study?

stop > stopped

IRREGULAR VERBS 1. Verbs that have the same form in the infinitive, past simple and past participle.

Infinitive Cut Hit Hurt Let Put Read

Past Simple Cut Hit Hurt Let Put Read

Past Participle Cut Hit Hurt Let Put Read

Translation Cortar Pegar, golpear Herir, hacer daño Dejar, permitir Poner Leer

2. Verbs that have the same form in the infinitive and the past participle.

Infinitive Become

Past Simple Became

Past Participle Become

Come Run

Came Ran

Come Run

Translation Llegar a ser, convertirse en Venir Correr


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales 3. Verbs that have three different forms.

Infinitive Be Begin Break Choose Do Drink Drive Eat Fall Fly Forget Forgive Give Go Grow Know Ride Ring See Show Speak Steal Swim Take Wear Write

Past Simple Was/ Were Began Broke Chose Did Drank Drove Ate Fell Flew Forgot Forgave Gave Went Grew Knew Rode Rang Saw Showed Spoke Stole Swam Took Wore Wrote

Past Participle Been Begun Broken Chosen Done Drunk Driven Eaten Fallen Flown Forgotten Forgiven Given Gone Grown Known Riden Rung Seen Showed/ shown Spoken Stolen Swum Taken Worn Written

Translation Ser, estar Empezar Romper Elegir, escoger Hacer Beber Conducir Comer Caer Volar Olvidar Perdonar Dar Ir Crecer, cultivar Saber, conocer Montar Llamar, sonar Ver Mostrar Hablar Robar Nadar Coger,llevar Llevar puesto Escribir


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales 4. Verbs with the same form in the past simple and the past participle.

Infinitive Bring Burn Buy Catch Feel Fight Find Get Have Hear Hold Keep Learn Leave Lose Make Mean

Past Simple Brought Burnt Bought Cought Felt Fought Found Got Had Heard Held Kept Learnt Left Lost Made Meant

Past Participle Brought Burnt Bought Cought Felt Fought Found Got Had Heard Held Kept Learnt Left Lost Made Meant

Meet Pay Say Sell Send Shoot Sleep Smell Spend

Met Paid Said Sold Sent Shot Slept Smelt Spent

Met Paid Said Sold Sent Shot Slept Smelt Spent

Teach Tell Think Understand

Taught Told Thought Understood

Taught Told Thought Understood

Win

Won

Won

Translation Traer Quemar Comprar Coger Sentir Luchar Encontrar Conseguir, obtener Tener Oír Sostener, poseer Guardar, conservar Aprender Dejar, abandonar Perder Hacer, fabricar Significar, querer decir Conocer, reunirse Pagar Decir Vender Enviar Disparar Dormir Oler Gastar, pasar el tiempo Enseñar Decir, contar Pensar, opinar Entender, comprender Ganar

6. Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the past simple. 1. Yesterday my father (go) to work by car. 2. This morning I (have) a shower. 3. My sister (not clean) her room on Saturday. 4. The birds (fly) over our heads. 5. Last week my family (not buy) a new table for the dining room. 6. The other day, I (lose) my math's book. 7. I (tell) my mother a lie. Academia de Guardias y Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil Úbeda-Baeza (Jaén)

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The weather What is the weather weather like? The weather is.... / It is..... cloudy (cloud) icy (ice)

foggy (fog)

windy (wind)

sunny(sun) warm/cool/cold/hot

stormy (storm)

rainy(rain)

dry/wet

snowy (snow)

Weather Forecast

The south of England and part of Wales will be cloudy on Saturday with rain around London on Sunday. The South-West will be sunny and dry with temperature of about 14ºC. In Northern England it will be cold (about 7ºC) but dry. On Sunday morning there will be some fog in the Manchester area. It will rain in Scotland and they will have strong winds in the West and some snow in the North. Temperatures will be low, about 9ºC in the South and 4ºC in the North.

7. What will the weather be like in these towns during the weekend? London: Manchester:


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7. MEANS OF TRANSPORT


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Helicopters

Helicopters are the most versatile flying machines that exist today. This versatility gives the pilot complete access to three-dimensional space in a way that airplanes cannot. The amazing flexibility of helicopters means that they can fly almost anywhere. However, it also means that flying these machines is difficult. The pilot has to think in three dimensions and must use both arms and both legs constantly to keep a helicopter in the air. Piloting a helicopter requires a great deal of training and skill, as well as continuous attention to the machine. To understand why helicopters are so difficult to fly it is helpful to compare the abilities of helicopters with those of trains, cars and planes. Trains are fairly simple to drive because there are only two directions that trains can travel in –forward and reverse. There is a brake to stop the train’s travel in either direction, but there isn’t any steering mechanism of any kind on a train. The tracks take the train where it needs to go. One can drive a train with one hand. Cars, of course, can go forward and backward like trains but also turn left or right. Cars use a steering wheel that the driver can turn clockwise or counterclockwise to handle the steering. You can drive a car with one hand and one foot.

Planes are a lot more complicated to fly than cars to drive. Planes can move forward, turn left or right and go up and down. However they lose the ability to reverse. To control the upward and downward motion of the plane a joystick replaces the steering wheel. In most planes (but not all) the pilot also has access to two pedals to control the rudder. Therefore, a pilot could fly a plane with one hand and two feet. Helicopters can do 3 things that planes cannot: helicopters can fly backward the entire aircraft can rotate in the air helicopters can hover motionless in the air In a car or a plane, the vehicle must be moving in order to turn. In a helicopter, you can move laterally in any direction or you can rotate 360 degrees. To control a helicopter, one hand grasps a control called the cyclic, which controls the lateral direction of the helicopter and engine speed. The pilot’s feet rest on pedals that control the tail rotor, which allows the helicopter to rotate in either direction on its axis. Therefore, both hands and both feet are necessary to fly a helicopter.


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales Comprehension 1. Choose the correct or more complete option. The

pilot has to use_________ to fly a helicopter. a) one hand and both feet b) one hand and one foot c) two hands and two feet Piloting a helicopter requires _______________. a) no kind of skill b) training c)training, skill, and attention cockpit Planes can move in five directions and cars can move in ______________ a) three: forward, reverse, backward b) four: forward, reverse, on the left, on the right c) two: forward, backward The element which makes the helicopter rotate is called _____________ a) the cyclic b)The tail rotor c) the pedal

tail rotor

Vocabulary 2. Join the following words with their definitions. a. Tracks

a. A handle in an aircraft, or a computer, etc, used for controlling direction

b. Counter clockwise

b. Two parallel rails for trains to travel along.

c. Steering

c. In the opposite direction to the way in which the hands of a clock move round.

d. Joystick

d. Backward

e. Tail rotor

e. a part of a machine that revolves round a central

f. Reverse point

f. The mechanism used to direct or control the movement of a boat, a car, etc.

3.Find in the text: a. a synonym for MOVEMENT b. an antonym for MOVING c. a synonym for GRIP

pedals


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1. Match the words in the boxes to train, ship and plane to make wordnets.

to land to sail port compartment flight to change cabin

railway

TRAIN

to check in in-flight entertainment platform carriage to take off flight attendant seasick

ticket inspector porter crossing pilot railway deck harbour

cabin SHIP

PLANE

2. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the words from exercise 1. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.

It was a night crossing so we booked a _____. We wanted to get some sleep. He looked worried when he saw the ____ get on the train. He hadn't bought a ticket. We will be _____ at London Heathrow shorlty. Please extinguish all cigarrettes. My grandfather had a small boat and we used to love going ____together. Cartagena is one of the few natural ____on the south-east coast of Spain. There is no direct train from Barcelona to Málaga. You have to ____at Madrid. The weather was bad and the sea was very rough. I felt_______. I went up to the _____ of the ship to get some fresh air.


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Military transport Fighter Plane

tank

bomber

aircraft carrier

helicopter

jeep

battle ship


submarine

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The past continuous Main uses of the past continuous tense

• • •

Actions that were happening, but not completed, at a particular time in the past. e.g. We were playing tennis in the leisure centre this time yesterday. Actions in their progress which are interrupted by a specific action. e.g. I was doing my homework when the phone rang To describe simultaneous actions in the past. e.g. While he was shopping, I was trying to find a bank.

At 9 o'clock last night, This time yesterday, etc.

The past continuous in the time line

Auxiliary verb BE

Affirmative I was enjoying You were enjoying She/he/it was enjoying We were enjoying You were enjoying They were enjoying

WAS WERE

Negative I wasn't enjoying You weren't enjoying She/he/it wasn't enjoying We weren't enjoying You weren't enjoying They weren't enjoying

Interrogative Was I enjoying? Were you enjoying? Was she/he/it enjoying? Were we enjoying? Were you enjoying? Were they enjoying?

ADDING –ING

♣ verbs ending in –e add –ing. prepare-preparing ♣ verbs ending in –ie change –ie into –y and add –ing. die-dying ♣ verbs ending in stressed consonant + vowel + consonant syllable double the final consonant and add –ing. sit-sitting.

♣ we do not usually use some verbs in the past continuous: know, want, have, like, believe, love, smell, belong, etc.


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3. Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the past continuous. Use the verbs in the box. steal watch go read talk have

a. The woman ______________to a policeman on the phone. b. The thief ____________that jewellery this time last Monday. c. The security guards __________the building carefully. d. Captain Johnson _____________ The Civil Guard: myths and realities. e. A: Where _______you________ at about three o'clock yesterday afternoon? I saw you on your bike. B: To Catherine's house. f. This time yesterday I __________ my interview. I think it went well. 4. Complete the sentences with the past continuous using your own ideas.

a. b. c. d. e.

Tom burnt his hand while he ………………………………………….. The doorbell rang while I ……………………………………………… We saw an accident while we ………………………………………….. Mary fell asleep while she ……………………………………………… The T.V. was on but nobody ……………………………………………

The past simple or the past continuous? • • • •

Both tenses appear in the same sentence to show that an action was in progress (past continuous) when it was interrupted by another action (past simple). Chronologically, the past continuous action is previous to the past simple one. We normally use when to introduce the past simple action: e.g. Tom was making dinner when Marlon arrived. We normally use while to introduce the past continuous action: e.g. Marlon arrived while Tom was making dinner.

5. Fill in the past simple or the past continuous. a. The police _________(ask) the thief questions when he ________(begin) to cry. b. When the ambulance _________(arrive), Monica's friends ________(stand) outside. c. Jamie ___________(wait) for help while Jonathan _________(lie) on the ground. d. Daniel __________(walk) on a dark street when the thief ________(steal) his wallet. e. My classmates__________(make) noise when our teacher ________(come) in. f. While the teacher _________(give) us our tests, the pupils __________(sit) quietly. 6. Write the questions the policeman is asking the thief. Policeman: (1) _________________________________? Thief: I was at home last night. Policeman: (2) _________________________________? Thief: I was wearing a red shirt and jeans. Policeman: (3) _________________________________? Thief: I was watching television. Policeman:(4) __________________________________? Thief: No, nobody was watching with me. I was alone. Academia de Guardias y Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil Úbeda-Baeza (Jaén)

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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales Policeman: We know that you stole the wallet. We found the wallet with your fingerprints on it. (5) ______________________________? Thief: I stole it because I needed money for drugs. I'm sorry.

7. Complete the passage with an appropriate past tense form of the verb in bracket.

A man _________1(leave) his house when he ________2(see) some workmen who _________3(put) rubbish in the road outside his front door. He _______4(tell) them to stop but they _______5(refuse) and ________6(show) him a piece of paper explaining that his street ________7(be) now a rubbish dump. The man ______8(go) red with anger and ________9(run) to speak to a policeman who __________10(walk) up the street. The policeman ______11(do) nothing to stop the workmen, and the man ________12(be) about to cry when he _________13(realize) that the "policeman" was actually a television presenter, and they ________14(film) him for a television programme where the presenter plays practical jokes on people. 8. Complete using the past simple or the past continuous. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Jane ……………….. (wait) for me when I ………………… (arrive) What ……………………..(you/do) this time yesterday? I was sleeping. ……………………………… (you/go) out last night? No, I was too tired. Was Carol at the party last night? Yes, she …………………… (wear) a really nice dress. How fast ……………………. (you/drive) when the accident……………………. (happen) John …………………………(take) a photograph of me while I ……………….. (not/look). We were in a very difficult position. We …………………. (not/know) what to do. I haven’t seen Alan for ages. When I last ……………….. (see) him, he ……………. (try) to find a job in London. 9. I …………………. (walk) along the street when suddenly I ……………………. (hear) footstep behind me. Somebody …………………. (follow) me, I was frightened and I ………………………….. (start) to run. 10. When I was young, I …………………….. (want) to be a bus driver. 9. Choose the correct tense, past simple or past continuous. a. I was playing / played the guitar when the phone rang / was ringing. b. John was listening / listened to his CD when his dad came / was coming. c. What were they doing / did they do at twelve o'clock last night? d. Where was she going / did she go? She went to the police station. e. While Tom was cooking / cooked the dinner he burnt / was burning. f. Nora was falling / fell off the ladder while she painted / was painting.


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Plural nouns: irregular plural Going on with the topic of plural nouns seen in unit 1, let's mention some particular cases in terms of number. Irregular plurals: Child-children Foot-feet Man-men Mouse-mice

tooth-teeth person-people woman-women goose-geese

Other cases:

A. Some nouns have only a plural form with –s and take a plural verb: e.g. The clothes are beautiful. Some of these words are: Clothes Surroundings Arms

Goods Ourskirts Thanks

Belongings Customs Congratulations

Earnings Troops Remains

Your clothes are beautiful Goods are being stolen. After the fire their belongings are lost. Earnings are high this month. The city's surroundings are dangerous. The outskirts of Paris are rather dangerous. Customs are a government department that collects taxes. Troops are well organized. Arms are ready. Thanks are expressions of gratitude. Your congratulations make me happy. The remains of the castle are there. The following nouns are plural in the same sense as the above mentioned, but we may refer to them using the expression "a pair of...". Scissors Tights

Glasses Shorts

Trousers /Jeans Pyjamas

My trousers are dirty but This pair of trousers is dirty

B. Some nouns have a plural form but take a singular verb.Some of these words are: News Politics

Economics

Gymnastics

Billiards Measles

Darts Rickets

Draughts Mumps

No news is good news. Politics is boring Billiards is my favourite game. Measles takes a long time to get over


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C. Words which are singular in form but are always used in the plural: Cattle

Police

People

Clergy

Cattle are selling for record prices this year. Fortunately, the police arrive in time. There are many people in the party. The clergy are gathered in the meeting room

D. We also have cases of zero plural. Sheep

Fish

Duck

There are many sheep in that field. 10. Write the plural. - Brother - match - woman - child - mouse - man - tooth

- leaf - baby - story - church - person - sheep - boy

11. Put in “is” or “are” a) b) c) d) e)

…………. the shop open? …………. the shops open? My hands ………. Cold. My nose ………… cold. Where …………. my camera?

f) g) h) i) j)

Where ………….. my glasses? Where ………….. your pen? Where …………. his pencils? Your coat ………… dirty. Her jeans ………… blue.

12. Some of these sentences are right and some wrong. correct the sentences that are wrong. a) b) c) d) e) f) g)

She is a very nice person. Right I need a new jeans. There are a lot of sheep in that field. He put on his pyjama and went to bed. I like your trouser. Where did you get it? There were three persons in the car, two woman and a men. This scissor isn’t very sharp.

13. Choose the correct form of the verb, singular or plural. a. Gymnastics is / are my favourite sport. b. The trousers that you bought for me doesn't fit / don't fit me. c. The police want / wants to interview two men about the robbery. d. Fortunately, the news wasn't /weren't as bad as we expected. e. Many people has given up / have given up smoking. f. Measles takes / take a long time to get over. g. Draughts are / is an easier game than chess.


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Society

The legal system Accusation Alibi Allegation Appeal Bail Barrister Capital punishment Case Court Court of appeal Courtroom Crown court Defence Evidence Fine Guilty High Court To imprison Innocent Judge Lawyer Probation Proof Sentence To set free Statement Trial Veredict Victim Witness

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

To break the law ___________________ To commit a crime ___________________ To stand trial for something ___________________ To be convicted of something ___________________ To be charged with something ___________________ To plead guilty / not guilty ___________________ To give evidence ___________________ To witness a crime ___________________


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The government Bill Cabinet Civil Service Democracy Election Electoral register Head of State Monarchy Opposition Parliament Political Party Politician President Prime Minister Treasury

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________


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8. CARS


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CARS Motor cars are the dream that could ultimately become the nightmare of the 21st century. The machines that once liberated rich people have become essential for millions. They have also sentenced the present generation to the frustration of neverending journeys that would shock the pioneers of Britain's biggest single industry. Cars have allowed millions to travel enormous distances for business and holidays cheaply and quickly. But the rapid growth in motoring has condemned us all to neurosis, not only over the time wasted in traffic jams, but also over pollution. That is why noise, illnesses and destruction caused through pollution, road building, and the making of cars have made transport a major concern for the millennium. Britain's motor industry today employs a million people. However, the industry which has shown such brilliant inventiveness over the century now faces its biggest challenge: to ensure a future of growth without pollution. The problem facing Britain is that millions rely on the car because there is no viable alternative. After 100 years, what is the future of the car? We have asked the experts, now let us know what the ordinary motorist thinks.

1. Answer questions 1-3 according to the information given in the text. use your own words.

1) Why do a lot of people use the car nowadays?

2) In what sense does traffic affect people?

3) What are the most remarkable features of Britain's motor industry?

2. Find in the text the word which has the following definition: Situation in which there are so many vehicles that they move very slowly or not at all. 3. Find one synonym in the text for INTERMINABLE.

4. Find one synonym in the text for FAST.

5. Give one synonym for ORDINARY.


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PARTS OF THE CAR THE EXTERIOR

THE INTERIOR

Bumper Roof rack Bonnet Boot Door Exhaust-pipe Headlight and sidelight Number-plate Rear window Tail-light Tyre windscreen Engine Wing mirror Aerial Wiper Wing

Dashboard Steering wheel Ignition switch Seat Seat-belt Brake pedal Clutch pedal Gear lever Handbrake Rear-view mirror Accelerator pedal Speedometer

1. Choose words from the list to complete the labels for the illustration. roof rack windscreen aerial

bonnet

bumper tyre engine headlight boot wiper

exhaust-pipe wing mirror steering wheel

2. Complete the sentence s with the following words or phrases: overtake/ mpg (mile per gallon)/ vehicle/ fuel consumption/ indicate

rear/ body/

reverse/ performance/

petrol tank/ instruments/

a) The amount of petrol a car uses is called the __________________and it is measured in _______________.The petrol goes in the ________________. Academia de Guardias y Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil Úbeda-Baeza (Jaén)

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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales b) The way a car behaves (speed, brakes, acceleration, etc) is called the car’s _________________. c) We can talk about the back of a ____________(car, bus, lorry, etc) but more often we use the word_________________. d) The speedometer, fuel gauge, and so on are called______________________. e) To __________________means to pass another vehicle going in the same direction. f) If you have to go backwards, you________________________. g) The outside surface of the car, made of metal or fibreblass, is called the ___________. h) Make sure you ____________before turning left or right.

The Future There are many ways of talking about future time. It depends on what the speaker wants to express. We use the following forms:

Will STRUCTURE •

AFFIRMATIVE FORM: I YOU SHE / HE / IT WE YOU THEIR

WILL WILL WILL WILL WILL WILL

+ VERB

+ COMPLEMENTS

e.g.: Maybe I ´ll see him later. •

NEGATIVE FORM: I YOU SHE / HE / IT WE YOU THEIR

WILL WILL WILL WILL WILL WILL

NOT NOT NOT NOT NOT NOT

(WON'T) (WON'T) (WON'T) (WON'T) (WON'T) (WON'T)

+ VERB

+ COMPLEMENTS

e.g.: I think Paul won´t be here until next week.

•

INTERROGATIVE FORM: WILL WILL WILL WILL WILL WILL

I YOU SHE / HE / IT WE YOU THEIR

+ VERB

+ COMPLEMENTS ?


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e.g.: Will you come to the meeting on Monday? USES 1. It is used when we tell people about a decision as we make it ( instant decision): “What would you like to drink?” ---“ I’ll have an orange juice.” 2. We often use will in these situations: - To make an offer: That bag looks heavy .I’ll help you. - To make a threat: I´ll hit you if you do that again. - To make a promise: I won’t tell anyone, I promise. - To make a request: will you shut the door, please? 3.It is used in predictions of future events --- to talk about what we think, guess or calculate will happen: By the year 2005 everyone will have a computer. 4. Expressions:We often use will (´ll) with “probably, I expect/ think/believe/ hope, I´m (not) sure, maybe/perhaps”: • Probably: I’ll probably get home late. • I expect: I expect she’ll phone this evening. • I´m (not) sure: I´m sure you’ll pass. • I think/ believe/ hope: Do you think Sarah will like this present? • Maybe/perhaps: Maybe the police won´t notice it. 3. Complete the sentences with will / (´ll) and the following verbs: be/ come / get / like / live /look/ meet / pass. a) Don´t worry about the exam. I´m sure you__________ it. b) Why don´t you try on this jacket? It__________ nice on you. c) You must meet George sometime. I think you__________ him. d) It’s raining. Don´t go out. I´sure you__________ wet. e) Do you think people__________longer in the future? f) Goodbye. I expect we __________again before long. g) I’ve invited Sue to the party, but I don´t think she_____________. h) When the new road is finished, my journey to work_____ probably _____ much shorter.


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Be going to STRUCTURE •

AFFIRMATIVE FORM I YOU SHE / HE / IT WE YOU THEY

AM ARE IS ARE ARE ARE

+ GOING TO

+ VERB

+ COMPLEMENTS

e.g.: She is going to buy a car. •

NEGATIVE FORM

I YOU SHE / HE / IT WE YOU THEY



+ GOING TO

+ VERB

+ COMPLEMENTS

+ VERB

+ COMPLEMENTS ?

e.g.: They aren’t going to spend the weekend abroad. •

INTERROGATIVE FORM



+ GOING TO

e.g.: Is he going to wash his car this evening?

USES 1. For decisions or intentions ( we have already decided to do something): e.g.: I am just going to make a quick phone call. Can you wait for me? 2. For a prediction when something in the present tells us about the future: e.g.: Look at those black clouds! It’s going to rain.


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4. Complete the sentences using be going to . a) There are a lot of black clouds in the sky. It _________________ (rain). b) It is 8:30, Tom is leaving his house. He has to be at work at 8.45, but the journey takes 30 minutes. He_______________ (be) late. c) There is a hole in the bottom of the boat. A lot of water is coming in through the hole. The boat______________ (sink). d) Lucy and Chris are driving. There is little petrol in the tank. The nearest petrol station is a long way away. They______________ (run out).

5. Write a question with be going to for each situation. a)Your friend has won some money. You ask: ( what/ do with it) b) Your friend is going to a party tonight. You ask: ( what / wear) c) Your friend has just bought a new table. You ask: ( where / put it) d) Your friend has decided to have a party. You ask: ( who / invite)


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Will or Be going to

Decisions and intentions WILL

BE GOING TO

We decide to do something at the time of speaking. We have already decided to do something. The speaker has The speaker has not decided before. decided previously. past_________now__________future____ * past___________now__________future________ I’ll (decision) * Example: I will play football tomorrow, I´m not I´m going to ( decision before) working. Example: They are going to have dinner at home today. I invited them yesterday

Predictions WILL

BE GOING TO

We can use will for prediction about the future.

We can use be going to for a prediction when we see from the present situation what is going to hapen in the future.

Example: One day people will travel to Mars.

Example: There isn´t a cloud in the sky. It´s going to be a lovely day.

6. Complete the sentences using will (‘ll) or be going to: a) Adrian: Katie: b) Robert: Chris: c) Ann: Miriam: d) Luke: Leo:

“Did you post that letter for me?” “Oh, I’m sorry. I completely forgot. _________________it now.” (I/do) “The ceiling in this room doesn’t look very safe, does it?” “No, it looks as if _____________________ ”. (it/fall) “Why are you filling that bucket with water?” “___________ the car.” (I/wash) “What would you like to drink?” “_____________________ a sandwich, please.” (I/have)

7. Choose the correct option. a) The doctor says that I ________________ a baby girl. 1. will have 2. have 3. am going to have b) I expect that the weather ___________ be nice later. 1. shall 2. will 3. is going to c) “Ann is in hospital.”--- “Yes, I know. ________________ her tomorrow.” 1.I visit 2. I’m going to visit 3. I will visit d) You can´t play football in the garden. Andrew ______________ the grass. 1. is going to cut 2. will cut 3.cut Academia de Guardias y Suboficiales de la Guardia Civil Úbeda-Baeza (Jaén)

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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales 8. Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of will or be going to. a. “This bag´s very heavy”.----“Ok. I (help) __________ you”. b. I´ve decided to have a party. I (invite) _____________all my friends. c. “Would you like tea or coffee?”----“I (have) ___________ coffee, please.” d. Sarah has bought a tent because she (go) ___________camping in the summer. e. “The phone is ringing”---- “Ok. I (answer) ____________it”. f.

It´s Pete´s birthday tomorrow. We (go) ____________ out for a pizza.

g. “Let´s go now”----“Ok. I (phone) ___________ for a taxi”.

The Present Continuous STRUCTURE •

AFFIRMATIVE FORM I YOU SHE / HE / IT WE YOU THEY


-ING

e.g.: I am working / She is eating / We are writing. •

NEGATIVE FORM I YOU SHE / HE / IT WE YOU THEY



-ING

e.g.: I´m not working/ She isn’t eating/ We aren’t writing •

INTERROGATIVE FORM AM ARE IS ARE ARE ARE


-ING ?

e.g.: Am I working?/ Is she eating?/ Are you writing?


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales USE 1. We use the present continuous for arrangements. e.g.: Nick is going to a football match. (Nick has arranged to go to the match. He has bought a ticket) 2. The present continuous for the future and be going to have similar meanings. e.g.: Pres. Cont.: We´re having a party next weekend. (We have made the arrangements) Be going to: We´re going to have a party next weekend. (We intend/ have decided to have one). Often we can use either form. Eg: I´m meeting/ I´m going to meet Paul at 2 oćlock.

9. Put the verbs into the present continuous or the present simple. Emma: ____________(you/do) anything tonight? Mathew: Yes, ______________(I/go) to the station to meet my friend Richard. ___________ (he/ stay) here for the weekend, remember? His train _ ___________ (get) in at eight fifteen. Emma: Oh, of course. I´d forgotten about that. Mathew: Maybe we´ll see you later. What ____________(you/do) tonight? Emma: Oh,_________ (I/go) to the cinema with Vicky and Rachel and a couple of other people. The film ____________(finish) quite early, so _____________(we/go) to a pizza place afterwards. 10. Put the future with will, be going to and present tenses. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i.

I don´t want fish. I think I ________(have) the chicken. There´s a party tomorrow. Janet ____________(go). My birthday _____________(be) on a Sunday next year. The alarm is making an awful noise. I ____________ (switch) it off. One day people ________(travel) to Mars. This bag isn´t very big. It ______________(break). The plane ____________(leave) the airport at 7.30. I ______________(start) work in September. Mark and Ed ____________ (meet) their friends tonight.

Reflexive pronouns FORM

SINGULAR PLURAL

1ST PERSON Myself Ourselves

2ND PERSON Yourself Youselves

3RD PERSON Himself /Herself/ Itself Themselves


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USES 1. To talk about actions where the subject and object are the same person: I cut myself shaving this morning. We got out of the water and dried ourselves. Eva made herself pasta. 2. Reflexives pronouns can also refer to possessives and objects: His letter are all about himself. Paul told us a few facts about ourselves. 3. We often use reflexive pronouns after: behave, burn, cut, defend, enjoy, help, hurt, introduce, kill, look at, imagine, etc. : Imagine yourself at sea in a small boat. 4. We often use reflexive pronoun for emphasis: The house itself is beautiful, but the surrounding are very unpleasant. 5. We can use a reflexive pronoun after a preposition: My grandparents are too old to look after themselves. But with prepositions of place, we often use a personal pronoun ( me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them) : Margaret took her dog with her./ I didn´t recognize the man in front of me. IDIOMS WITH REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS o o o o o

By myself, yourself, etc means “alone, without company” or “without help”. Eg: “Do you need help?” --- “No, thanks. I can do it by myself”. Enjoy yourself, himself, ourselves, etc. means “ to have a good time”. Eg: They really enjoyed themselves at the party. Help yourself, herself, etc means “to take as many as you want”. Eg: Just help yourselves to sandwiches, won´t you? Behave myself, yourself, etc means “to behave well”. Eg: My parents said that we must behave ourselves at the meeting. Make yourself, yourselves, etc at home means “ to behave as if this was your home”. Eg: They were so nice to me that I made myself at home very quickly. VERBS WITHOUT A REFLEXIVE PRONOUN.

Some verbs don´t take a reflexive pronoun. Some of these are: concentrate, change (clothes), dress, wash, feel, get up, hurry, meet, open, remember, rest, relax, sell, shave, sit down, wake up, wonder, worry. Examples: Eva washed and changed before going out./ When I feel nervous, I just try to relax./ Hurry!

We met at John´s last night. His book is selling well.

Each other, one another We use each other and one another with two or more people. They have the same meaning. Study the difference between a reflexive pronoun and each other/ one another: a) Tom and Ann stood in front of the mirror and looked at themselves. (=Tom looked at Tom and Ann looked at Ann)


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b) Tom and Ann looked at each other/ one another. (= Tom looked at Ann and Ann looked at Tom).

11. Complete each sentence using a reflexive pronoun with one of these verbs in the correct form: burn

enjoy

hurt

put

express

a) Sometimes I can’t say exactly what I mean. I wish I could_____________better. b) Be careful! That pan is very hot. Don’t ___________________. c) They had a great time. They really________________. d) Bill fell down but fortunately he didn’t ________________ badly. e) Please, try to understand how I feel. ________________ in my position. 12. Complete the following sentences with a reflexive pronoun or an object pronoun. a) What I did was very wrong. I’m ashamed of ______________. b) We’ve got a problem. I hope you can help ________________. c) Don’t worry about Tom and me. We can look after _________. d) “Can I take another biscuit?” “ Of course. Help ____________. e) It’s not my fault . You can’t blame _____________. f) You will all need photos of _____________ for your membership cards. 13. Complete the following sentences with a reflexive pronoun or each other/one another. a) John and Mary write to ___________ every week. b) The little boy is learning to dress _____________. c) I cut down the tree _____________. d) We promised to telephone ____________. e) Do you and your wife tell ______________everything? f) Julia had a great holiday. She enjoyed ____________.


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HOBBIES AND INTERESTS 14. Match each picture with the right word.

astrology/

photography/

hockey/

car races/

volleyball/

golf/

football/

darts/ fencing/

computer games/ sailing/ baseball

OTHER EXPRESSIONS Basketball

Swimming

Climbing

Cycling

Theatre

Cinema

Gambling

Hunting

Dancing

Hiking

Meeting people

Travelling

Gardening

Camping Embroidery Model-making

Do-it-yourself

Bowling Dice

Jigsaw

Crosswords

Fishing

Tennis

Skiing

Chess

Table tennis

Open-air skating

Billiards


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15. Match these words with the comments given. Cards

gardening

draughts

billiards hiking

jigsaw

embroidery

camping/

gambling/

do-it-yourself/

crossword

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Katie dealt, and gave me the ace, king and queen of hearts. ________________. You need a needle and threads of different colours. ________________. I couldn´t find ten down, so I looked for words in the dictionary. ____________. Ed missed the red, and put the pink in the pocket by mistake. ______________. When Paul is losing, he tries to knock the pieces off the board. _____________. The path we want doesn´t seem to be on the map. ________________. I want to put 50$ on “Dark Pearl “ to win in the 4.30 at York. ______________. The daffodils I put in haven´t come up this year. _________________. These pieces with flowers on all look the same, don´t they?. _______________. When I woke up there was a chicken inside the tent. ________________. Ed was papering the hall while I was painting the doors. _________________.

TRAVEL AND

HOLIDAYS

Journey , trip, travel and voyage Journey: an act of travelling from one place to another. How long is your journey to work? Trip : a journey to a place and back, specially for a short visit. Go on a trip: an organised short excursion. We went on a trip to London last summer. Travel: is a general word. It is a verb and an uncontable noun. As a noun, it means the general act of travelling. She loves travel. As a verb, it is used to put emphasis on the journey itself. I usually travel by train. Voyage: a long journey usually by sea or in space. The Titanic sank on its first voyage.


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16. WAYS OF TRAVELLING. Match the words in I with the definitions in II. I Expedition Flight Tour Voyage Itinerary Trip Travel Cruise Crossing Hitch-hike

II A journey by plane. A journey by ship for pleasure A journey by sea A journey from one side of the sea to the other. An organised journey to see the sights of a place. Taking journeys, as a general idea. A journey for a scientific or special purpose. An journey for a short visit. Getting lifts in other people´s cars. A holiday which includes travel and accomodation.

17. PLACES TO STAY AND TYPES OF HOLIDAYS. . Match these words with the definitions given. Time-share apartment/ Camp-site/

Guesthouse/

Package holiday/

Self-catering flat/

Youth hostel/

Cruise/Bed and Breakfast (B and B)/

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Holiday camp/

A ______________ is a place where you can pitch a tent or park a caravan. A ______________ is a flat which you can rent; you cook for yourself. A ______________ is accommodation like a hotel but cheaper and with fewer services. A ______________ is cheap accomodation, mainly for young people, with ten or more people sleeping in bunk beds in one room. A ______________ is a place providing holiday accommodation in little chalets or flats, with restaurants, bars, swimming pools and other facilities and entertainment for when visitors want a break from sun-bathing. A ______________ is accommodation of which you share ownership with a number of people,for example, you own a twelfth of the apartment so you have the right to stay there for one month every year. A _____________ is a service that provides a room to sleep in and meals the next morning in private houses and small hotels. A __________ is a holiday in which you pay for travel, accommodation and food in advance. A __________ is a holiday spent touring on a boat, stopping off to go sight-seeing at different ports.


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9. DRIVING


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DRIVING TIPS • Allow enough time. Trips to the mountains can take longer during winter that other times of the year, especially if you encounter storm conditions or icy roads. Get an early start and allow plenty of time to reach your destination. • Keep your gas tank full. It may be necessary to change routes or turn back during a bad storm or you may be caught in a traffic delay. • Keep windshield and windows clear. You may want to stop at a safe turnout to use a snow brush or scraper. Use the car defroster and a clean cloth to keep the windows free of fog. • Slow down. A highway speed of 65 miles per hour may be safe in dry weather, but an invitation for trouble on snow and ice. Snow and ice make stopping distances much longer, so keep your seat belt buckled and leave more distance between your vehicle and the vehicle ahead. Bridge decks and shady spots can be icy when other areas are not. Remember to avoid sudden stops and quick direction changes. • Be more observant. Visibility is often limited in winter by weather conditions. Slow down and watch for other vehicles that have flashing lights, visibility may be so restricted during a storm that it is difficult to see the slow moving equipment. • When stalled, stay with your vehicle and try to conserve fuel while maintaining warmth. Be alert to any possible exhaust or monoxide problems. 1. Comprehension: True or false statements. 1. Go to the mountains with your car in winter takes you shorter than in summer. 2. A highway speed of 65 miles per hour may be an invitation for trouble in dry weather. 3. When there is snow and ice on the road you should keep your seat belt buckled and leave more distance between your car and the one ahead. 2. Find in the text words with similar meanings. a) Complete b) motorway c) fastened d) zones e) circumstances 3. Find in the text words with the following meanings: a) _________: the place to which one person goes in any means of transport. b) _________: it is the glass window at the front of the car which the driver looks through. c) _________ : it is a machine such as a bus, car, or a lorry, that carries people or things from place to place. d) _________ : it is a substance such as wood, coal, or petrol that is burned to supply heat or power.


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Traffic Traffic code/Infringement of traffic code You have to: have all the statutory documents. have the vehicle in proper working condition. have all lights in proper working condition. have a rear plate light. have proper reflecting lights on rear and stop lights have a rear view mirror have working wipers. respect all traffic signs ( stop, speed limits, etc.) respect the traffic priority facilitate overtaking dime headlights when another car approaches or when passing a motorcycle or bicycle reduce speed when dazzled by lights on an approaching car. use turn signals/indicators before turning give way to ambulance, police cars or fire trucks. You mustn’t: drive carelessly or dangerously drive on the left overtake on the wrong side or in a forbidden zone spoil deliberately a traffic sign drive with items extending three meter in the front (or rear) of the car pour gasoline or greases on the highway have lights other than normal indicator and front and rear lights.

Useful expressions Fine sb for sth/for doing sth: He was fined for dangerous driving. Fine: Her escapade cost her € 1.000 in fines To pull the car to the side of the road: Could you pull your car to the side of the road?


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales 1.Join the following names with its corresponding traffic sign.

a. no entry b. give way c. no through way d. no overtaking e. traffic lights f. no waiting g. two-way traffic h. slippery road i. no turn right j. keep right k. one-way traffic l. maximum speed limit.


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Modal Auxiliary Verbs The verbs can, could, may, might, would, should, must and have to – among others- are called “modal auxiliary verbs”. They are used before the infinitives of other verbs, and add certain kinds of meaning connected with certainty or with obligation and freedom to act. It is worth remembering some grammatical features of modal auxiliary verbs: - Modal verbs have no “–s” in the 3rd person singular. e.g. She may know his address. (NOT * She mays…) - After modal auxiliary verbs we use the infinitive without to of other verbs. e.g. I must water the flowers. ( NOT * I must to water…) - Interrogative and negative sentences are made without do/does. e.g. Can you swim? (NOT * Do you can swim?) Have to is usually considered as a modal verb, but it lacks the characteristics mentioned above. We will see it later in this unit.

Can and Could Can is used to talk about ability and possibility, to ask for and give permission and to make requests and offers. Its negative form is can’t (cannot). e.g: - Can you speak French? (ability) - You can stop work early today (permission) - Can I help you? (offer) - Can you pass me the salt? (request) - Anybody can join the club (possibility) Could is the past form of can. The negative form is couldn’t (could not). e.g: - My grandfather could speak five languages. - In the past anybody could join the club. Could is also used to make polite formal requests in the present: e.g:- This exercise is too difficult, could you help me? 2. Complete these sentences using can and one of these verbs. come find hear see speak a) I’m sorry, but we _______to your party next Saturday. b) She has got the job because she ________three languages. c) You are speaking very quietly. I ______you. d) Have you seen my bag? I ________it. e) I like this hotel room. You ________the mountains from the window.


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales 3. Complete the sentences with can / can’t / could / couldn’t and one of these verbs.

eat hear run sleep wait a) I’m afraid I can’t come to the meeting next week. b) When Tim was 16 he was a fast runner. He __________100 metres in 11 seconds. c) “Are you in a hurry?” “No, I’ve got plenty of time, I____________”. d) I was feeling sick yesterday. I ____________anything. e) Can you speak up a bit? I _____________you very well. f) “You look tired”. “Yes, I ___________last night”.

Be able to Can has no infinitive or participles. When necessary, we use be able to. You´ll be able to walk soon. I´ve always been able to play games well. We use will be able to to talk about future ability I´ll be able to speak good English in a few months. We use could and was/were able to for general ability in the past. My father could speak three languages. She was able to read when she was four. 4.Use can or be able to. Sometimes it is possible to use either; sometimes only be able to is possible. Examples: -George has travelled a lot. He can ( or is able to) speak four languages. -I haven´t been able to sleep very well lately. a. b. c. d.

Tom _________ (drive), but he doesn´t have a car. I can´t understand Martin. I´ve never __________ understand him. I used to _________ stand on my head, but I can´t do it now. Ask Ann about your problem. She should __________ help you.

May and Might You are looking for Bob. Nobody is sure where he is but you get some suggestions. Where is Bob? He may be in his office( =perhaps he is in his office) He might be having lunch (=perhaps he is having lunch) Ask Ann. She might know (=perhaps she knows)


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales We use may or might to say that something is a possibility (might suggests a smaller possibility than may), so you can say: e.g: - It may be true or It might be true The negative forms are may not and might not (mightn’t). e.g: - It might not be true - Ann may not come to the party tonight. We can also use may to ask for permission in the same way as can: e.g: -May I smoke? (Can I smoke?) - May I sit here? Yes, of course, you may.

5. Complete the sentences using might and one of these verbs. bite break need rain slip wake a) Take an umbrella with you when you go out. I might rain later. b) Don’t make too much noise. You __________________the baby. c) Be careful of that dog. It _____________________you. d) I don’t think we should throw that letter away. We ________________it later. e) Be careful. The footpath is very icy. You __________________________. f) I don’t want the children to play in this room. They _________something. 6. Write sentences with may or might. a) Where are you going for your holidays? (to Ireland ??) I haven’t decided yet, I may go to Ireland. b) What sort of car are you going to buy? (a Mercedes???) I’m not sure yet, I ______________________________. c) What are doing this weekend? (go to London???) I haven’t decided yet, ___________________________. d) Where are you going to hang that picture? ( in the dining-room???) I haven’t made up my mind yet, ____________________________. e) When is Tom coming to see us? (on Saturday??) I don’t know yet, ________________________________________. f) What is Julia going to do when she leaves school? (go to university??) She hasn’t decided yet, ____________________________________.


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TECHNOLOGY


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132


11. IN CASE OF ACCIDENT


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Reporting a Traffic Accident If you are involved in an accident, there are several things you are legally required to do. First, you must stop at the scene of the accident or as close to the scene as possible without blocking traffic. Even before the police arrive, you may move the vehicles if they are a traffic hazard. Second, give any help you can if someone is obviously injured. Don't attempt to move an injured person from a wrecked vehicle unless you have the necessary medical training or if they are in immediate danger, such as a fire. Third, report the accident to the Cerritos Sheriff's Station at 860-0044 as quickly as possible. This includes accidents that occur on private property, that involve personal injury, death, vehicle or property damage. Fourth, exchange information with other people involved in the accident as soon as possible. This includes the name, address and driver's license number of other drivers; license plate numbers; names and addresses of anyone injured; names and addresses of any witnesses; name, address and insurance policy number from other vehicle owners. Be sure to notify your own insurance company immediately. You should also see a doctor at the first opportunity. You might be injured and not know it. 1-. After reading the text, answer the following questions: • What is the first thing you have to do when you are involved in an accident? • What can you do if someone is injured? 2-. Find words in the text with the following meaning: a) Something which could be dangerous to you, your health or safety, or your plans or reputation. b) Damaged. c) Inform. ACCIDENT REPORT Here we have some expressions related to the report of an accident: • We need to know the report of the witnesses. • He has collided with another vehicle. • The damaged part is in front / at the rear of the car. • The car skidded before the collision. • Are there any injured people /deads? • Someone call an ambulance, quick. • Can anyone do mouth-to-mouth resucitation? • He was driving without lights. • Were any changes mede when the accident happened? • A brakeless truck collided / crashed with a bus. • Infringement of the law caused the tragic crash. • These are the remainings of the bus. • Witnesses wanted to take the passengers out from the car. • They are not English. Please notify the Embassy. •Here is the wrecker / tow-truck to remove the car.


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Imperatives In sentences like Come here, Be quiet, Have a drink or Don’t worry about it, the verb forms are called ‘imperatives’. Imperatives are used, for example, to tell or ask people what to do, to make suggestions, to give advice or instructions, to encourage and to offer. Affirmative imperatives have the same form as the infinitive without to: e.g. Sit down! Pass the salt, please. Negative imperatives are constructed with do not (don’t) + infinitive: e.g. Don’t worry! I’m very cold, please don’t open the window. We can make an emphatic imperatives with do + infinitive. This is common in polite requests, complaints and apologies. e.g. Do sit down. Do be a bit more careful. Always and never come before imperatives. e.g. Always remember what I told you. (NOT* Remember always…) Never speak to me like that again. Some languages have a first person imperative form (used to suggest that “I” or “we” should do something). English does not have this, but there is a structure with let + infinitive that has a similar meaning. Let us is contracted to let’s except in a very formal style. e.g. Let’s go home. Let us pray. Let’s not tell dad what happened. 1. Write the imperative form for these sentences. a) The window is open. Ask Paul to close it. ________________________________________________________________. b) It’s time for Helen to get up. ________________________________________________________________. c) I’d like Paul to turn down his radio. ________________________________________________________________. d) I want Paul to bring me a newspaper. ________________________________________________________________. e) I don’t want Helen to be late tonight. ________________________________________________________________. More examples: e.g. There are some pens on the table. He put his shoes under the bed. Tom always sit behind me in class. The chemist’s is opposite the post office. My cousin lives next to the museum.


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At; In; On

At the bus-stop

In the filing cabinet

On the armchair These prepositions are used to talk about position in space and many times it isn’t easy to say which of the three is correct. In general we can say that:

1.At At is used to talk about position at a point. We often use at with the name of a place when we are interested in the activity that happens there, and not in the exact shape or dimensions of the place. e.g. Sorry I didn’t phone you last night. I was at the theatre. Turn right at the next corner. This train doesn’t stop at Oxford. Sometimes we use at with a larger place,if we just think of this as apoint : a stage in a journey or a meeting place,for example.Compare: -The planes stops for an hour at Frankfurt. She lives in Frankfurt. We very often use at before the name of a building,when we are thinking not of the building itself but of the activity that happens there. There is a good film at the cinema in Market Street. Eat at the Steak House-best food in town. At is particularly common with prioper names used for buildings or organisations.Compare. -I first met your father at/in Harrods. At is used to say where people study: He´s at the London School of Economics. We use at with the name of a city to talk about the city´s university.Compare. He´s a student at Oxford. At is also used before trhe names of group activities: At a party at a meeting at a concert At a lecture at the match We say: at home /work / school / university at the end (of the street…) at the hairdresser’s/ doctor’s /dentist’s / Jane’s (house) at a concert / a lecture / a party / a football match


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2. In In is used for position inside large areas, and in three-dimensional space (when something is surrounded on all sides). e.g. I don’t think he’s in his office. She grew up in England. I last saw her in the car park. We say: in bed / a street / a park / a garden in the sky / in the world in hospital / in prison in a newspaper / a book / picture /photograph in a car ( but on a bus / on a train / on a plane) in the middle (of…)

3. On On is used to talk about position on a line (for example a road or a river). e.g. Stratford is on the river Avon. There’s a good restaurant on Glasgow road. On is used for position on a surface. Hurry up!-supper is on the table! There´s a big spider on the ceiling. On can mean “arttached to”. There aren´t many apples on the tree this year. On is also used for position by a lake or sea. Southend -on-Sea. BUT in is used to talk about the position of things which actually form part of the line. e.g. There’s a misprint in line 6 on page 22. On is also used for position on a surface. e.g. There’s a big spider on the ceiling. On is also used for position by a lake or sea. e.g. Bowness is on Lake Windermere. Who is the good –looking boy in the sixth row? 2. Translate the prepositions into English. a) The cat is _______________(debajo de) the table. b) There is a tree______________(detrás de) the house. c) My flat is __________________ (sobre) a shop. d) She is standing_______________ (delante de) the piano. e) His name is _________________ (en) the door. f) The town hall is _______________(enfrente de) the station. g) The switch is ________________(debajo de) the window. h) The cupboard is _______________ (sobre) the sink i) There are some shoes _______________(debajo de) the bed. j) In Britain, we drive ______________(por) the left.


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Giving directions A: Excuse me, where is the supermarket, please? B: Go straight ahead. Take the first turning on your right. The supermarket is on your left. A: Thank you. Here we have tome examples of expressions used to give directions: Go straight ahead Go on Opposite turn right (at...) turn left (at..) here / there The first intersection

The first crossroads Next to Go past... On the right On the left On the other side Near/ far

Take the first turning on your right /left Take the second turning on your right/left The second side street On the corner

SOME USEFUL QUESTIONS • How far is the supermarket? • How far is it from London to Liverpool? • How can I get to the airport? / How can I go to the airport? • How long does it take to go to Madrid?


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Indirect Questions To ask for information we can use ordinary questions forms, which, as you know have the following pattern: WH- + AUXILIARY VERB + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB e.g. Where is the supermarket? What time does the train leave? Is there a police station in this town? Is the chemist’s near here? But some other times we use these questions in structures beginning : Do you know…? Can you tell me…? These are indirect questions, and their word order is different from a simple questions: Do you know + WH- + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB Can you tell me + WH- + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB If there is no Wh- element ( who, where, what…) we may use If or Whether: e.g. Do you know if there is a police station in this town? Do you know whether there is a police station in this town? Can you tell me if the chemist’s is near here? Can you tell me whether the chemist’s is near here? HOW CAN I GET TO…?

3. Look at the picture above, you are in the Museum, tell a visitor how to get to… a) the Chinese Restaurant b) the Municipal Court c) the Shopping Mall d) the Ice-cream Shop


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales 4. Imagine you are a tourist; ask about the following places and try to answer where you can find them. a) the police station _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ b) the cathedral ______________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________ c) the Town Hall ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ d) the hotel ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 5. Write questions with How far…? a) (here / the airport) How far is it from here to the airport ? b) (New York /Washington ) ____________________________________________. c) (your house / the station ) ____________________________________________. d) (the hotel / the beach) _______________________________________________.

6. Turn the following questions into indirect questions beginning with Can you tell me…? Or Do you know…? a)Have they got a car? ____________________________________________________ b) When did he come? ____________________________________________________ c) Are they married? _____________________________________________________ d) Why is she smiling? ___________________________________________________ e) Does she like her job? __________________________________________________ f) What is your father doing? ______________________________________________ g) Did he pass his exams? _________________________________________________ h) Will George be here tomorrow? __________________________________________ i) Why did your friend go there? ____________________________________________ j) How is your mother today _______________________________________________ k) Are you happy? _______________________________________________________ l) Do you have much work to do? _________________________________________


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SHOPS AND SHOPPING: PLACES TO GO Barber’s Outfitter’s

Cake shop / Pastry shop Furrier’s shop

Butcher’s Shopping centre (U.K.)/ Mall (USA) Domestic Appliances

Butcher’s Hairdresser’s

Chemist’s (U.K.) / Drugstore (USA)

Kiosk /Newsagent's

Ironmonger’s

Men’s wear

Florist’s

Children’s wear

Fruiterer’s

Ladies' wear

Herbalist’s shop

Supermarket

Jeweller’s Toyshop

Pet shop Record shop

Launderette

Sweetshop

Creamery

Tobacconist's

Bookshop

Video club

Market

Shops

Optician’s

Dry cleaner’s

Bird shop

Grocer’s

Baker’s

Greengrocer’s

Stationer’s

Shoe shop

Perfumery Fishmonger’s


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12.DRUGS


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DRUG--RELATED CRIME IN SPAIN DRUG Drugs are related to crime in multiple ways. Most directly, in our country it is a crime to use, possess, manufacture or distribute drugs classified as having a potential for abuse (such as cocaine, heroin, marihuana or amphetamines). Drugs are also related to crime through the effects thay have on the user’s behaviour and by generating violence and other illegal activities in connection with drug trafficking. Drug-related offences and drug-using life styles are major contributors to the crime problem in Spain. Nowadays drug prices are the lowest ever seen in all Europe. The UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime) reveals that Spain is at the top of the list of cocaine consumption but it is cannabis is the substance that causes the biggest number of arrests. Most people belongs to the 19 to 20 age group and to the 35 to 40 age group. The Autonomous Communities with higher arrest rates are Andalusia, Catalonia, Madrid and Valencia.

Reading comprehension: 1. How are drugs related to crime? 2. Write the name of some drugs considered as having a potential for abuse. 3. Which country is at the top of the list of cocaine consumption in Europe? 4. Which is the substance that causes the biggest number of arrests? Vocabulary: 1. Find in the text an an antonym for SMALLER. 2. Find in the text a synonym for UNLAWFUL. 3. Choose the correct definition for RATE. a. A response to a situation, an act, an influence. b. A substance that have a physiological effect when ingested. c. A position in a scale of responsibility, quality, social status, etc. Drug Consuming in the Whole Planet (Year 2000) Heroin = 8,000,000 Cocaine= 13,300,000 Hallucinogen (LSD, Mushrooms...) = 25,500,000 Amphetamine= 30,200,000 Marihuana = 141,200,000 Sedative = 227,400,000


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1. Join the following words with the most suitable Picture:

Hallucinogen Heroin

Marihuana

Drug Addict

Amphetamines

Cocaine

2. Which drug are we referring to in the following definitions? LSD, Heroin, Amphetamine. a. Also called Horse. It’s a white powder which is easily soluble in water. It is made from morphine and it causes sleep and relieves pain. b. It usually comes in small paper tablets that may have a picture printed on them. Its effects are: dry mouth, dilated pupils and various tingling sansations. c. It is a drug which speed up the way your body works and pump adrenaline to your system. It gives extra energy, prevents sleep and reduces appetite.

SLANG Hash

Coke

Sugar

Pusher (Drug Dealer)

Weed

Charlie

Smack

To be on drugs

Shunk

Fix

Horse

To be high


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The Present Perfect tense This tense refers to an action that took place at an unstated time in the past and has some relevance in the present. e.g.- Peter has arrived. It can also be an action that began in the past and continues until the present. e.g.- She has studied here for five years. FORM: Subject + Have (Has) + Past Participle* *For regular and irregular forms of Past Participle see topic 6. The rules for interrogative are the same as we have seen for all the tenses: Interrogative: Inversion. Have (Has) + Subject + Past participle e.g.- Have you finished? Negative: Adding the particle “not” after the auxiliar. In this case, The verb “have” works as the auxiliar. Subject + (Have/Has + not= Haven’t/Hasn’t) + Past Participle e.g.- She hasn’t finished Useful time expressions: Yet, still, already, since, for, never, recently... 3. Complete the following sentences with the most suitable time expresion: for a. b. c. d.

already

since yet

still

Sara has lived in this house ________ thirteen years. Paul hasn’t arrived _______. We’re still waiting for him. This library hasn’t sold a book _______ 1998 but it’s _______ open. Hurry up! Your favourite program has __________ started!

4. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use Present Perfect. e. f. g. h. i.

_______ you________ (finish) your homeworks? I ________________ (forget) my meal at home. I can’t believe you __________________ (not understand) it yet! Norah _______________ (be) an architect for fifteen years. How long ______ you _______ (be) waiting for us?


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Present Perfect vs. Past Simple The main difference between the use of Past Simple and Present perfect is the relevance with the present. If the tense is related to the period of time in which we situate the present (can be today, this week or even this year) we use Present Perfect. I have read your letter twice today I have trained fifteen hours this week * *It could have been three days ago, but the unit of time we use as the present is the whole week. If we refer to an action that occurred in a period of time which is not linked to the present we use Past Simple. She wrote this letter last week I trained fiver hours yesterday We use always Past Simple when we are making a question starting with When or What time. When did you arrive? When have you arrived? 5. Complete the following sentences choosing the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use Past Simple or Present Perfect. a. b. c. d. e. f.

Tom ____________ (arrive) last week. _______ you _______ (see) Pam today? How long _______Tom_________(work) here? He’s great doing his job. What time _______ you _________ (leave)? ________you_________(see) Paula? I need her to finish her work. ________you_________(see) Paula? Her performance was sublime.


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Health

COMMON ILLNESSES

PEOPLE

MORE

Cold Measles Flu Mumps Appendicitis Temperature Cough

Dentist Doctor Surgeon GP Nurse Patient

Heart attack Blindness Deafness Allergy Cancer AIDS Stomach- ache Head-ache Back-ache Tooth-ache

Useful expressions: Go to hospital To be ill To feel sick To have health insurance

6. Diagnose your patient: a. b. c. d.

The patient has got a pain in his/her back The patient has got an abnormally high degree of heat in his/her body. The patient has got several red spots in his/her face. The patient is not able to see anything.

7. Find the words which correspond to the following definitions: e. A person receiving or registered to receive medical treatment. f. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. g. A person qualified to treat the diseases and confititons that affect the teeth and gums.


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13.DETENTION REPORT AND INFORMATION OF CRIMES


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Detention report and information of crimes Arrested person: 

Name:



Surname:



Nationality:



Date of birth:



Place of birth:



Sex:



Address:



Passport number:



Identity Card number:

The official´s identity: 

Place:



Date:



Time:

According to what is laid down in the article 520 of the Spanish Criminal Procedure Law, we proceed to inform the afore-mentioned person that he/she has been arrested for an alleged crime of (...) as well as about the rights that he/she has, which basically are: a)

Not to make any statement if he/she doesn´t want, not to answer any of the questions asked to him/her, or to declare that he/she will only testify before the Judge.

b)

Not to make any statement against himself/herself and not to declare himself/herself guilty.

c)

To nominate a Lawyer and to request his attendance during the statement and his/her recognition of identity. Otherwise, a Lawyer, at the State¨s expenses, will be nominated to assist him/her.

d)

To provide the name of the person whom he/she wishes to inform about his/her arrest and the place where he/she is under custody.


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales e)

As a foreigner, he/she has the right to have his/her Consulate informed about these facts and to be assisted by an interpreter (without charge).

f)

To be examined by a forensic doctor or any other clerk of the Public Administrations.

Making use of the mentioned rights, the arrested person states that he/she wishes: •

To declare

•

Not to declare

•

To be assisted by a Lawyer Mr/Mrs.

•

To be assisted by a Lawyer at the State´s expenses.

•

To have the following person informed about his/her arrest and place of custody: Name: Address: Telephone number:

•

To have Consulate informed about the arrest

•

To be assisted by an interpreter of English

•

To be examined by a doctor Read and approved, he/she signs it, before the Instructor, what I CERTIFY as Secretary.


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales Useful expressions: -According to the article 520 of the Spanish criminal procedure law, I proceed to notify you that you are under arrest for .........

-I proceed to notify you of your statutory rights which are the following: 1- Not to make any statement if you don´t want. 2- Not to make any statement against yourself. 3- Not to plead guilty. 4- Not to answer to any questions asked. 5- To declare that you will only testify before the judge. 6- To nominate a lawyer and to request his attendance during your statement and identity check. otherwise, a duty lawyer, will be nominated to assist your person. 7- To provide the name of the person you wish to inform about your arrest and the place where you are under custody. 8- As a foreigner, you have the right to have your embassy or consulate informed about these facts and to be assisted by an interpreter without charge. 9- To be examined by a doctor.


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Passive voice, present and past

The passive voice is used when focusing on the person or thing affected by an action. Form:

Tense

Subject

Verb

Object

Active:

Rita

writes

a letter.

Passive:

A letter

is written

by Rita.

Active:

Rita

wrote

a letter.

Passive:

A letter

was written

by Rita.

Simple Present

Simple Past

We form the passive with to be + past participle. The object in the active voice becomes the subject of the passive. In passive voice we can mention or not the agent of the action with the use of by + (somebody). Uses:

SIMPLE PRESENT and SIMPLE PAST The active object becomes the passive subject. am/is/are + past participle was/were + past participle Active: Simple Present The movie fascinates me. The movie bores Jack. The movie surprises them.

Passive: Simple Present I am fascinated by the movie. Jack is bored by the movie. They are surprised by the movie.

Active: Simple Past The movie bored me. The movie fascinated Jack. The movie surprised them.

Passive: Simple Past I was bored by the movie. Jack was fascinated by the movie. They were surprisedby the movie.


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales a) We use the active to say what the subject does / did. We use the passive to say what happens / happened to the subject. b) We use the passive when we are more interested in something than the person who did / made it. Jurassic Park was made in 1993. Jurassic Park was filmed in Hawaii. c) We can also say the same thing both in an active way or a passive way. George Lucas directed Star Wars. Star Wars was directed by George Lucas. 1. Put the verb in parentheses () into the passive voice. Use present simple passive only. a) The words.....................by the teacher today. (to explain)

b) Susan......................to hospital by our uncle. (to take)

c) English.......................in many countries. (to speak)

d) The children...........................by the policemen. (to help)

e) This company........................by two members. (to manage)

f) A letter........................by Peter. (to write)

2. Put the verb in parentheses () into the passive voice. Use past simple passive only. a) We..........................a letter the day before yesterday. (to send)

b) He.........................to the party yesterday. (to invite)

c) She..........................last week. (to arrest) d) I..........................a present on my birthday. (to give)

e) Ten friends.........................to the party last Saturday. (to invite)


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XXXVI Curso de acceso a la Escala de Suboficiales 3. Choose the correct tense. a) Shakespeare ( wrote / was writing / was written) Romeo and Juliet.

b) Premier League football games (play / playing / are played) on Saturdays.

c) English and French (speak / spoken/ are spoken) in Canada.

d) Paul McCartney (aws born / born / is born) in Liverpool.

e) Those houses (built / are built / were built) 200 years ago.

f) They (make/ are made/ making) a lot of films in Hollywod.

g) This shirt (is making / is made / made) of cotton.

h) The United States (produced / is produced / produces) a lot of manufactures.


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TV and ENTERTAINMENT • What do you like? Opera

ballet

theatre

football

classical music

rock music

Practice with your classmate: -Do you like (classical music)? -Yes, I do / No, I don´t

• What´s on in your town? There is

WHAT?

WHERE?

WHEN?

a new film

at the cinema

this week.

a rock concert

at the theatre

at 8 oćlock tonight.

a football match

at the stadium

on Saturday.

a ballet

at the concert hall

a play

at the town hall

an opera

in London

• What do you watch on TV? a) weather reports

b) news

c) game shows

d) sitcoms

e) sports

f) soap operas

g) documentaries

h) chat shows

i) reality TV

-Do you watch the weather report on TV? a) always

b) usually

c) sometimes

d) hardly ever

e) never

-Do you watch soap operas? Think of a popular soap opera in your country. How many times a week is it on TV? a) once a week

b) twice a week

c) three or more times a week

d) every day


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Ingles Sub1

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