IJMA

QUAID-E-AZAM LAW COLLEGE LLB-I

ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE IJMA AS SOURCE OF ISLAMIC LAW 

OVERTURE

The Quran and the Sunnah are the r!"ar# $%ur&e$ %' I$(a"!& (a)* I+"a ,that !$ &%n$en$u$ %' %!n!%n %' $&h%(ar$ are Q!#a$ ,that !$ (a)$ der!.ed thr%u/h ana(%/!&a( dedu&t!%n are the $e&%ndar# %r deendent $%ur&e$ %' I$(a"!& (a) %r Shar!ah* I+"a and Q!#a$ der!.e the!r .a(ue %r auth%r!t# 'r%" the Quran and the Sunnah* There'%re0 the# are &a((ed deendent $%ur&e$* SIGNIFICANCE OF IJMA 

I+"a %r the &%n$en$u$ %' $&h%(ar$ $!/n!'!e$ the !"%rtan&e %' de(e/ated (e/!$(at!%n t% the Mu$(!" &%""un!t#* The Mu$(!" $%&!et# re1u!re$ $u&h a ru(e "a2!n/ %)er t% "eet the ra&t!&a( r%3(e"$ '%r the !"(e"entat!%n %' I$(a"!& Shar!ah ,I$(a"!& La)*

MEANING OF IJMA 

I+"a ha$ 3een te&hn!&a((# de'!ned a$ the &%n$en$u$ %' the +ur!$t$ %' a &erta!n er!%d %.er a re(!/!%u$ "atter* I+"a !$ &%n$!dered a $u''!&!ent e.!den&e '%r a&t!%n 3e&au$e the Pr%het !' I$(a" $a!d0 4Mu$(!" )!(( ne.er a/reee %n a  )r%n/ "atter*4 A$ $u&h the a/ree"ent %' the the $&h%(ar$ %' I$(a" %n an# re(!/!%u$ "atter !$ a $%ur&e %' (a) !n I$(a"  A(-Sha'!5! )a$ a($% !n$tru"enta( !n a $e&%nd re-de'!n!t!%n 6 The th!rd $%ur&e0 a'ter Qur7an and sunna0 sunna0 )a$ ijma‘ 0 4&%n$en$u$4* But )herea$ the Mad!nan$ had re&%/n!$ed an ijma‘  %'  %' the e%(e %' Mad!na a$ auth%r!tat!.e ,%r "%$t(# $%0 a(-Sha'!5!7$ ijma‘  )a$  )a$ t% 3e an ijma‘  %'  %' all  the  the Mu$(!"$ - %r0 at (ea$t0 a(( the (earned %ne$ a"%n/$t the"* In %ther )%rd$0 the !dea %' a 4(%&a(4 ijma‘    )h!&h )a$ h%) he $a) Mad!nan ijma‘ 0 a(th%u/h th!$ )a$ n%t h%) the Mad!nan$ under$t%%d !t - )a$ d%ne a)a# )!th and a un!.er$a( &%n&et $u3$t!tuted* N%) !n 'a&t a(( the Mu$(!"$ had a()a#$ a&&eted th!$ un!.er$a( &%n&et - there !$ the 'a"%u$ hadith that 4M# &%""un!t# )!(( n%t a/ree %n an err%r4 - 3ut )hat0 !n a $en$e0 )a$ rea((# haen!n/ )a$ that the ijma‘  %'  %' Mad!na )a$ 3e!n/ den!ed0 )h!&h )a$ $%"eth!n/ e($e*

TECHNICALLY 

I+"a "ean$ the &%n$en$u$ %' "u+tah!d$ ,!ndeendent +ur!$t$ 'r%" the u""ah %' M%ha""ad ,P*B*U*8 a'ter h!$ death0 !n a deter"!ned er!%d u%n a ru(e %' I$(a"!& (a)  QURANIC AUT8ENTICIT9 IN SUPPORT OF IJMA 

,Quran :;<=: >Deter"!ne #%ur (an and a"%n/ #%ur artner$? CONDITIONS FOR VALIDITY OF IJMA 

:* The a/ree"ent %r &%n$en$u$ "u$t ha.e t% ta2e (a&e a"%n/ the "u+tah!d$0 that !$0 th%$e )h% ha.e atta!ned the $tatu$ %' !+tehad and e@&(ude$ "e"3er$ %' "%dern (e/!$(ature0 un(e$$ a(( %' the" are "u+tah!d$0 n%n-"u$(!"$ and the /enera( u3(!&* * The a/ree"ent !$ n%t t% 3e &%n$!dered a$ !n "a+%r!t# de&!$!%n* I' the "a+%r!t# a/ree$ u%n a hu2" !t )!(( n%t a"%unt t% !+"a a&&%rd!n/ t% "%$t +ur!$t$0 the rea$%n 3e!n/ that there !$ a %$$!3!(!t# that the "!n%r!t# "a# 3e true* * It$ ha$ 3een unan!"%u$(# a/reed that a(( the +ur!$t art!&!at!n/ !n !+"a "u$t 3e 'r%" the u""ah %' Muha""ad ,P*B*U*8 a$ there are te@tua( e.!den&e$ that %n(# the u""ah %' the r%het !$ r%te&ted a/a!n$t err%r !n &%((e&t!.e a/ree"ent$* * An a/ree"ent !n the (!'et!"e %' The 8%(# Pr%het )!(( n%t 3e &%n$!dered an !+"a* Thu$ the !+"a "u$t ha.e ta2en (a&e a'ter the death %' the Pr%het* * The a/ree"ent "u$t 3e a"%n/ the "u+tah!d$ %' a $!n/(e deter"!ned er!%d0 e.en !' $%"e %' the +ur!$t$ %' the '%((%)!n/ er!%d %r %' a $u3$e1uent er!%d %%$ed the"* * The a/ree"ent "u$t 3e u%n a ru(e %' (a)0 the hu2" $har! and n%t u%n the ru(e$ %' /ra""ar !n Ara3!& %r %ther rat!%na( )%r(d(# r%%$!t!%n$* =* The death %' the +ur!$t )h% art!&!ated !n the !+"a0 e!ther e@(!&!t(# %r  3# $!(en&e0 !$ n%t a &%nd!t!%n '%r the .a(!d!t# %' !+"a a&&%rd!n/ t% the "a+%r!t# %' the +ur!$t$* TYPES OF IJMA 

:* I+"a Qa)(! ,E@(!&!t * I+"a Su2ut! ,Ta&!t

OPINION OF MAJORITY  •

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I' an#%ne &%ntend$ )!th the Me$$en/er e.en a'ter the /u!dan&e ha$ 3een (a!n(# &%n.e#ed t% h!"0 and '%((%)$ a ath %ther than that %' the 3e(!e.er$0 )e $ha(( (ea.e h!" !n the ath he ha$ &h%$e0 and (and h!" !n he((* What an e.!( re'u/e*? ,Quran <:: >M# U""ah )!(( n%t &%((e&t!.e(# a/ree u%n an err%r?

 ARGUMENTS OF MINORITY WHO ARE AGAINST IJMA 

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>O #e )h% 3e(!e.e0 O3e# A((ah and %3e# the Pr%het0? The re$%n$e t% th!$ ar/u"ent !$ that !t !$ the B%%2 %' A((ah and the Sunnah %' 8!$ Pr%het ,SAW that /a.e u$ /u!dan&e a3%ut !+"a a$ !nd!&ated a3%.e* E@a"(e %' Muadh !3n Ja3a(

MODERN VIEW ABOUT IJMA 

I' a ru(e %r r!n&!(e !$ uhe(d &%((e&t!.e(# 3# the h!/he$t (e/a( '%ru" !n the (and0 then0 $u&h a r!n&!(e %r ru(e "u$t 3e '%((%)ed 3# th%$e $u3 %rd!nate t% th!$ '%ru"* Th!$ !$ e@a&t(# )hat the d%&tr!ne %' STARE DECISIS $a#$ !n En/(!$h C%""%n La) $#$te"