IJCIET_09_12_126.pdf

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 12, December 2018, pp. 1237–1248, Article ID: IJCIET_09_12_126 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=12 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 ©IAEME Publication

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ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ON 3E-MATERIALS WITH BLEND CONCRETE S. Santhosh Head of the Department, Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Balaji Chockalingam Engineering College, Arni-632317, Tamilnadu, India P. Jagan Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Balaji Chockalingam Engineering College, Arni-632317, Tamilnadu, India J. Priyanga Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Balaji Chockalingam Engineering College, Arni-632317, Tamilnadu, India ABSTRACT Utilization of industrial and agricultural waste product in the industry has been the focus of recent research for economic, environmental, and technical cause. A new developed concrete and tested by the make use of economical, eco-friendly, easily available [3-E] concrete to maintain environmental balance and avoids problems of ash disposal. The 3-E materials are sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), saw dust ash (SDA), sea shell powder (SSP). The 3-E Materials play a vital role in savings of cost of building materials and more environment friendly material. The aim of this research is to find out the mechanical properties of 3E mixed concrete. Probably comparative results of concrete by using 3-E materials are considerably high in compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength. Key words: Sugarcane Bagasse Ash, Saw Dust Ash, Sea Shell Powder, Concrete, Cement Cite this Article: S. Santhosh, P. Jagan, J. Priyanga, Analysis of Mechanical Properties on 3E-Materials with Blend Concrete, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) 9(12), 2018, pp. 1237–1248. http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=12

1. INTRODUCTION In current population scenario comes towards India by means of increasing industries. The fruitful efforts of industries lead to develop India. As the industries also the waste coming from them at the end of product increases. It is essential to dispose these wastes safely without affecting health of human being, environment, fertile land, sources of water bodies etc. The present study was carried to study the use of Sugarcane bagasse ash as a partial

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Analysis of Mechanical Properties on 3E-Materials with Blend Concrete

replacement in cement concrete since the availability of natural sand is on the dry off in the last decades as a result of ecological and environmental limitations [1-5]. The usage of wastes generated from the biomass industries (sawdust, woodchips, wood bark, saw mill scraps and hard chips) as fuel offer a way for their safe and efficient disposal.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW Ground cockle seashell as a partial cement replacement as of cement was studied. The optimum strength was achieved by 4% of sea shell powder. It is noted that the tensile strength and flexural strength were higher than those of the ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) concrete. Utilization of Mollusc Shells for concrete production for sustainable environment was investigated. The strength of concrete has been increased by adding the sea shell when compared to conventional concrete [6-9]. Four types of waste seashells, including shortnecked clam, green mussel, oyster and cockle to develop a cement product for masonry and plastering was investigated. Incorporation of ground seashells resulted in reduced water demand and extended setting times of the mortars [10-12]. The use of Saw dust ash as fine aggregate has been replaced in concrete to attain the strength of concrete was studied. The strength has been attained at the percentage of 20% of saw dust ash replaced in concrete [1316]. The effects of baggase ash content as partial replacement of OPC on physical and mechanical properties of hardened concrete was studied. They found that the baggase ash an effective mineral admixture, with 20% as optimal replacement ratio of cement [17-20]. The experimental result for the 10% replacement of baggase ash to OPC has increase in strength in comparison with 0% and 5% replacement was observed. Beyond 10% replacement of baggase ash, the strength was decreased [21-25]. Usage of saw dust ash in concrete as partial replacement of cement was presented. Cement was replaced by SDA as 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight. The concrete specimens were tested for compression strength at 28 days of age and the results were compared to normal concrete. The strength will be raised by SDA up to 10% of weight [26-29]. The possibility of using SDA as replacement for cement was published. Percentage replacement of OPC with SDA was 0, 10, 20 and 30 respectively. Test results shows that, inclusion of SDA cause little expansion due to low calcium content. Early strength development was observed to be about 50-60% of their 28days strength. The study suggests usage of SDA up to 10% to the cement [30-33].

3. SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST ON 3-E MATERIALS Sugarcane bagasse ash collected from Thiruvalam sugarcane mill, Saw dust ash collected from furniture workshop in Walaja, Sea shell collected from sea shore (Chennai). The specific gravity of 3E-materials is to be found out by using Le-Chatelier Flask and Density Bottle. The values of specific gravity observed from the sample are shown in Figure 1. Thus the specific gravity of 3-E materials was less than specific gravity of cement (3.12). This shows that the above materials are lighter than cement.


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Figure 1 Specific Gravity of 3E-Materials

3.1. Consistency Test The basic aim is to find out the water content required to produce a cement paste of standard consistency as specified by the IS: 4031 (part 4)-1988. The Penetration reading of cement changes by adding SCBA, SDA, and SSP at every percentage shown in Figure 2. The amount of water required to obtain the reading between 33 to 35mm as per IS: 4031 (part 4)-1988.

Figure 2 Penetration Index

3.2. Initial and Final Setting Time Test It is needed to calculate the initial and final setting time as per IS: 4031 (part 5) – 1988. Prepare a cement paste by gauging the cement with 0.85 times the water required to give a paste of standard consistency. Initial & final setting times of 3E materials are shown in Figure 3.


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Figure 3 Setting Time of 3-E Materials

4. METHODOLOGIES FOR CONCRETE Sequence activity of manufacture of concrete by using 3-E materials are shown in Figure 4. Casting of concrete, make sure that we have to calculate the mix ratio as defined above and have a secure mould ready, into which the concrete can be cast. It’s important that all the dry ingredients are mixed well before water is added to the mix as shown in Figure 5(a). From the moment water is added to the mix the cement begins to undergo a chemical reaction and acts as a bonding agent between all the components of the mixture. Immediately fill the cube moulds and compact the concrete, either by hand or by vibration.150mm moulds should be filled in three approximately equal layers (50mm deep). A compacting bar is provided for compaction of the concrete. It is a 380mm long steel bar, weighs 1.8kg and has a 25mm square end for ramming as shown in Figure5(b).

Figure 4 Flowchart of 3-E Materials Concrete Process


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Figure 5(a) Mixing

Figure 5(b) Moudilng and Compacting

After the top layer has been compacted, a trowel should be used to finish off the surface level with the top of the mould, and the outside of the mould should be wiped clean. After leaving the concrete cube for 24 hours, demoulding has been carried out carefully. During demoulding process there may be a chance of getting damage on the surface edges of concrete cube. Hence, avoid such damages on the concrete cubes The term used when concrete is left to harden is curing. After the demoulding process concrete has been cured with water for 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days.

5. EXPERIMENTAL WORKS Hereby, the 3-E Materials concretes are tested undergoes fresh concrete test and hardened concrete test.

5.1. Mix Design for 3-E Materials in Concrete     

Type of Cement Maximum nominal size of Aggregate Minimum Cement Content Maximum Water Cement ratio Mix design for M20

= OPC = 20mm = 300Kg/m3 = 0.5 = 1:1.88:3.32

5.2. Slump Cone Test Slump cone test to be conducted for fresh concrete to know about workability and consistency of concrete by using slump cone. The internal surface of the mould is thoroughly cleaned and freed from superfluous moisture and adherence of any old test set of concrete before commencing the test. The mould is filled in four layers each approximately ¼ of the height of the mould. Each layer is tamped 25times by tamping rod and applies uniform strokes over the entire cross section. Grade of concrete : M20 Water cement ratio : 0.5


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Figure 6 Slump Values for 3-E materials

Thus the results were plotted in Figure 6 and it is found that the Slump cone value slightly increases due to adding the 3-E materials. As per IS 1199-1959, the Slump value lies between 0-25mm for low degree workability of concrete and for high workability the range will be 100-175mm.

5.3. Flow Table Test The quality of concrete with respect to consistency, cohesiveness and non-segregation to be determined by using Flow Table test. The apparatus consist of flow table about 76cm.In diameter over which concentric circles are market. The base is 25cm in diameter upper surface 17cm.In diameter and height of the cone is 12cm. As a result of this test, the flow of concrete is the percentage increase in the average diameter of the spread concrete over the base diameter of the mould. Thus the consistency, cohesiveness and non-segregation of 3 samples are indicated in Figure 7. The consistency of Sea shell powder in concrete is high when compared to other two materials. As per IS 1199-1959, the flow percent reflects the tendency of segregation of concrete.

Figure 7 Flow Percent for 3-E Materials


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5.4 Compaction Factor Test for 3-E Materials The compaction factor of concrete is to be determined in this Compaction factor test. The sample of concrete to be tested is placed in the upper hopper up to the brim. The trap-door is opened so that the concrete falls into the lower hopper. Then the trap-door of the lower hopper is opened and the concrete is allowed to fall into the cylinder.

Figure 8 Compaction Factor for 3-E Materials

Above Figure 8 shows the compaction factor of the concrete increases gradually by adding Sugarcane bagasse ash, Saw dust ash, Sea shell powder at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%. As per IS 1199-1959, the compaction factor value must be lies between 0.95-1.00 for high degree of workability.

5.5. Vee-Bee Consistometer Test A workability of freshly mixed concrete to be determined by using Vee-Bee consistometer apparatus. Placing the slump cone inside the sheet metal cylindrical part of the consistometer. The glass disc attached to the swivel arm is turned and placed on the top of the concrete pot. The electrical vibrator is switched on and simultaneously a stop watch is started. The vibration is continued till such a time as the conical shape of the concrete. Immediately when the concrete fully assumed a cylindrical shape, the stop watch is switched off. The time required for the shape of concrete to change from slump cone shape to cylindrical shape in second is known as Vee-Bee degree.

Figure 9 Vee-Bee Degree Values


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As per IS 1199-1959, Vee - Bee degree values in Figure 9 which comes under the range of 3-6 indicates medium workability of concrete.

5.6. Tests for Compression Strength of 3-E Materials By the usage of Compression Testing Machine (CTM), the compression strength of concrete cube has been evaluated.

Figure 10 Compression Graph for SCBA

Thus the compression strength of SCBA slightly increased by adding bagasse ash at 5% and 10% as shown in Figure 10. But the compression strength decreased at the percentage of 15% and 20%. The higher compression strength has been found by adding Saw dust in the percentage of 10% as shown in Figure 11. Thus the compression strength of the concrete attains higher value in 10% but slightly decreased in 20% as shown in Figure 12.

Figure 11 Compression Values for SDA


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Figure 12 Compression Values for SSP

5.7. Tests for Flexural Strength of 3-E Materials The strength of the concrete prism is to be determined by using flexure test. Test specimens are immersed in water at a temperature of 24o C to 30o C for 48 hours before testing. Surfaces as cast in the mould. The load is applied in the absence of shock and increasing continuously at a rate of the specimen. The observed rate of loading is 4KN/min for the 15cm specimen and 18KN/min for the 10cm specimen. The load increased until the specimen fails and the maximum load applied to the specimen during the test is recorded. As per IS 5161959, the flexural strength must be 12 to 20% of compression strength. On comparing the flexural strength of 3-E materials, Saw dust specimen attains lower value than other materials as shown in Figure 13.

Figure 13 Flexural Strength for 3-E Materials

5.8. Tests for Split Tensile Strength of 3-E Materials Split tensile strength of the concrete cylinder is to be determined by using Split tensile test. Take out the wet specimen from water after 7 days curing. Wipe out water from the surface of specimen. Draw the diametrical line on the two ends of the specimen to ensure that they are on the axial plate. As per IS 516-1959, the Tensile strength must be 1/8 to 1/12 of


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compression strength .Thus figure 14 shows that the tensile strength of concrete is increased by adding Sea shell at a percentage of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% when compared to the normal concrete.

Figure 14 Tensile Graphs for 3-E Materials

6. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In this research an experimental analysis was carried out to find out the mechanical properties of the mixed concrete prepared with 3E material. From the observed results the following conclusions were made.  The compression strength of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash slightly increased by adding bagasse ash at 5% and 10%. But the compression strength decreased at the percentage of 15% and 20%.  On comparing the flexural strength of 3-E materials, Saw dust specimen attains lower value than other materials.  Thus the tensile strength of concrete is increased by adding Sea shell at a percentage of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% when compared to the normal concrete.  Hereby, I concluded that the contributions of 3-E materials in concrete have been studied and also comparative strengths of compressive, Flexural and Split Tensile strength were analyzed.

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