Identification of Sadharana Rasa & Sudha Varga.
DR. SWATI JADHAV 1 ST P G R&B DEPT.
Sadharana Rasa काम्पिल्लश्चापरो गौररपाषाणो: नवसादर:। कपदो वम्पिजारश्च गगररगसन्दू रगिन्गुलौ॥ म्रु द्दारश्रुन्गगित्यष्टौ साधारणरसा: स्म्म्रु ता:। रसगसम्पिकरा: प्रोक्ता नागाजुुनपुर:सरै :॥ र.र.स 3/120-12
Sadharana Rasa Kampillaka (Melloutus Phillipinesis). Gauri pashana (White Arsenic). Navsadara (Ammonium Chloride). Kaparda (Marine shell). Vanhijara (Ambergris). Girisindoora (Red oxide of mercury). Hingoola (Cinnabar or mercury sulphide).
Mridarshringa (Litharge or lead oxide).
Kampillaka.(Melloutus phillippinsis) इगष्टका चू णु सन्काशगश्चगिकाढ्यो अगतरे चन:।
सौराष्टरदे शेचोत्पन्न: स: गि कम्पिल्लक: स्म्म्रु त:॥ र.र.स ३/१२२ It is brick red in colour with mild lustre. Previously it was available in abundance in
saurashtra but now-a-days it is available in south and north also.
Tests for identification. It is insoluble in cold water,but soluble in hot water. When put on water it floats on it and the adultereted
stuff settles down. By rubbing against a white paper,it leaves a dark yellow stain. It is inflammable i.e when put on fire it catches fire readily. It is soft to touch while adultered is rough to touch
…..cont. In microscopic examination or in magnifying lens
pollens can be seen. On chemical analysis, rottlerin crystals and volatile oil can be seen.
Research The chromatogram of kampillaka was qualified with
respect to rottlerin. i.e Rottlerin is considered as marker. Samples of kampillaka from dehradun had maximum contents of rottlerin and hence it should be prefered.
Adulteration Annatto dye
Brick dust Ferric acid
Gauripasana िल्लस्तु गिगवध: प्रोक्त:
श्वेतो अन्यो रक्तकस्तथा। क्रुगिि: श्वेतिल्लस्तु रक्तश्चाकरसम्भव:॥ र.त.११/१३२
Identification Nature-Amorphous Colour-White Odour-odourless Sg.Gravity-3.7 Solubility-3.7g/100ml water Crystallization-Hexagonal Habit-Fine grained, compact.
Diaphaneity-Opaque
…….cont. Cleavage-one direction, distinct. Fracture-Uneven Elasticity-brittle Hardness-3.5 Gravity-5.63 Fusibility-Volatile arsenic sublimes. Alteration-Is a mixture of arsenic & arsenolite
Powdered form of arsenic looks like flour but it is
quite heavier than flour.
Navasadara करररगपलु काष्ठे षु पच्यिाने षुचोद्भव:।
क्षारोअसौ नवसार:स्याच्चुम्पल्लकालवणागिध:॥ इगष्टकादिने जाति् पाण्डु रि् लवणि् लघु। तदु क्ति् नवसाराख्यि् चुम्पल्लका लवण्म् च तत् ॥ र.र.स ३/१२७-१२८. Rasavagbhata says that this is available in the kilns of bricks,where karira & pilu plants are burnt as fuel. In Egypt this was being prepared by burning excreta of camels.
Navasadara Nature-Amorphous Diapheniety-Opaque Colour-Colourless to white Crystallisation-Crystalline
in pure form pH-Alkaline.
Test for Indentification Water becomes cool, when navsadara is put into it. When heated it emits pungent smell like ammonia
gas. When put on hot charcoal it burns giving garlic like odour.
Kaparda गदघुव्रुन्ता स्वणुवणाु प्रुष्ठे च ग्रम्पिता तथा। साधे कशाण प्रगिता वरागि कगथतोत्तिा। शाणोम्पिता िध्यिा च्छाणार्धदु प्रगिताधिा। र.त १२/८५-८६
The cowries which have knots on the obverse side
and with an oval shape & with yellowish colour are good.They should weigh not less than 1 &1/2 niska(3.5 gms). This should be taken for medicinal purpose.
Identification Colour-Yellowish Lustre-Glazy Surface-Smooth Shape-Almond On ventral side there’s
longitudinal slit (in centre)
Agnijaara जारािि् दिगत स्पशाु म्पत्पगिल:सागरोत्प्लवि् ।
जरायुस्तच्चतु वुणु: ते षु श्रेष्ठ:सलोगित:॥ आनन्दकन्द 238
सिु िेणागिक्रस्य जरायुर्ुगिरुम्पित:। सन्शुष्को िानु तापेन सोअगिजार इगत स्म्म्रु त:॥ र.र.स ३/१३५
….Cont It burns like jaara,it is sticky and have 4 colours out
of which lohita varna is best. Acc. R.R.S it is the placenta of a marine living being called agnivakra, which floats on the sea.
Identification Wax like soft substance Having hot touch. Burns readily on subjecting
to fire Has a strong aroma which increases on storage. Fresh material is soft,old is dry & will fracture like dry clay.
Identification Colour-Varies from brown to grey.
Appearance-Large blocks,balls,egg shaped Solubility-Insoluble in water & soluble in hot
water,alcohol & ether. Diaphenity-Opaque. Sp. Gravity-780-926 M.P- 70-140 & at 212 c it vapourizes
Identification Light in weight and has black spot. Aromatic Hot needle test Flame test Effect of heat Thumb & finger test. Knife test
Presence of squid beaks.
Adulteration Compound from oak moss & various fungi can be
converted to ambergris like odorant.
Girisindoora ििागगररषु चाम्पिय: पाषाणान्त: म्पस्म्थतो रस:।
शुष्कशोण: स गनगदु ष्टो गगरीगसन्दु रसंज्ञा ॥ र.र.स ३/१३७ Mercury when remains in smaller quantities amidst
rocks of big mountains,get dried up and becomes like dried blood & is called by name girisindoora.
Identification Colour- Red . Lustre- Mild lustrous. Sp.Gravity- 11. Solubility- bit soluble in water
& makes it alkaline.
Adulteration With Powdered brick or iron powder.
Hingula जपाकुसु िवणाु ि: पे षणो सु िनोिर:।
ििोज्वलो िारपुणो गिन्गुल: श्रेष्ठ उच्यते ॥ र.त ९/३. Red coloured heavy substance in the colour of japa flower with lustrous striations & on griding it becomes into an attractive smooth red powder.
Identification Crystallisation-Hexagonal,trigonal. Habit-Small rhombohedral crystals Colour-Bright red to brownish red Lustre-Adamantine Streak-Scarlet Diapheniety-trasparent to opaque Cleavage-prismatic to perfect
……Cont. Fracture-Sub concoidal to uneven Elasticity-Imperfectly sectile Hardness-2 Gravity-8.1 Fusibility-1.5
Mriddarasringa सदलन् गपतवणु च िवे दुजुर िण्डले ।
अर्ुुदस्य गगरे :पाश्वे जाति् म्रु द्दारश्रुन्गकि् ॥ र.र.स ३/१४५.
The one available in masses with separable layers,yellow coloured & which is collected from the surroundings of Mt.Abu in gurjara Mandala is considered best.
Identification Nature-Amorphous Colour-Yellow - red. Habit-Crystallized in fine
scales. Odour-Odourless M.P-888*c B.P-1470c Sp.Gravity-9.53
….cont. Solubility-Insoluble in water & alcohol but soluble in
acetic acid & nitric acid. pH-Strong base.
Sudha Varga
चु न्नि् कुिु ि् शन्खशु म्पक्तवरािै : शु क्लवगु क:॥
(रसरत्नाकर २/६)
Classification 1) Mineral Origin- Khatika,Sudha choorna,Godanti 2)Marine Origin-Mukta,Pravala,Shankha,Shukti Varatika,Samudraphena,Sambuka. 3) Animal Origin-Hastidanta,Mrigshringa, Kukkutandatvaka
Khatika(Chalk/Kaolinik) An aggregate of minerals & colloidal substance
commonly known as clay.
Identification Nature-Lumps with greasy feel Odour-Earthy odour Colour-White Streak-white Cleavage-Not observable Lustre-Vitreous Tenacity-Brittle
…cont. Transparency-Translucent Hardness-2-3 Sp.Gravity-2-3 Assay-Not more than 50% silica & not less than 30%.
Alumina.
Sudha(lime) Lustre-Vitreous to dull Tenacity-brittle Hardness-3 Sp.Gravity-2.7
Godanti (Gypsum/selenite) पिागचति् सु िस्रु णि् शरगदन्दु सु गनिु लि् ।
गदप्तप्रिि् तु गोदन्ति् ग्राह्यिि प्रगकगतु ति् ॥ र.त. ११/२३८. Godanti should be in flakes,with layers that can be separated with difficulty, smooth, lustrous white & translucent.
Identification Nature-Crystalline showing elongated tabular
crystals Color-Greyish Streak-white Cleavage-Perfect Fracture-Even Lustre-Silky Tenacity-Sectile
....Cont Transparency-Translucent Hardness-2 Sp. Gravity-2-2.5 Assay-Not less than 20% Ca or 30% Cao.
Sankha(Concha-Shell) Good Shankha should be- Round
Smooth Have small opening Bright like full moon Long & heavy.
Types Two types-1) Vamavarta
2) Dakshinavarta –Medicinal use.
Sambuka It’s shape is conch like but it is thin, round &
without curves.
Shukti The inner part of the oyester shell is lustrous,
smooth & the outer part is rough,striated & blackish to blackish white in colour.
Samudraphena Marine product,reminence of a creature called cuttle
fish. It’s an oblongate light material covered on one side by bony sheath ,filled with smooth white material. As this is found in sea & looks like froathy mass it is named Samudraphena
Mrigshringa गकिानु पिति् गदघु िाराढ्यि् सु िुढि् तथा।
अने कश्रुन्ग सन्युक्ति् म्रु गश्रुन्गि् वरि् िति् ॥ र.त. १२/१०४
Kurmaprishtha(Tortoise shell) Shell is strongly humped,it’s depth being about half
it’s length. Upper back shields are prominent. Colour black with a yellow star like structure.
Hastidanta Colour-White,long,may be curved,straight or pointed
downward
Kukkatanda twak Emptyed egg shell of a hen. White in colour,thin,brittle.
References Rasasatra….
P.Murthy Alchemy & metallic Medicines in Ayurveda by Dr.Bhagwan Dash. Bhartiya Rasasatra by Dr Vaman Desai. Rasa Shastra Vidyan by Dr Harbans lal Sahani. Internet. Authentication of Kampillaka, Calcium drugs in Ayurveda by Srinivas Naik.
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