Reading Drawing PFD’s and P&ID’s
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READING DRAWINGS PFD’S AND P&ID’S
Technical Training Program For Eis!ing Prod"c!ion #$era!ors And Senior Prod"c!ion #$era!ors
To!al Pages %'
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Reading Drawing PFD’s and P&ID’s
Reading Drawings PFD and P&ID
Grad"a!e De.elo$men! Programme
/od"le %P)*+' 0D
This This module module is design designed ed for AFPC AFPC existi existing ng Product Production ion,, Mec Mechan hanica icall and Instrument graduates, to become familiar with PFD and P&ID drawings. The will be as!ed to design and s!etch a sim"le sim"le control instrumenta instrumentation tion for "rocess e#ui"ment
The module co$ers PFD, P&ID and I%A smbols. It also also includes Instrument ine %mbols'Identification and s"ecial s"ecial abbre$iations.
Introduction to PFD, P&ID and and I%A . PFDs P&IDs Instrument line smbols and identification identification %"ecial Abbre$iations Design and s!etch a sim"le P&ID.
A"dience
1
Prere2"isi!es 1 3oca!ion 1 Forma! 1
Prod"c!ion #$era!ors4 Senior #$era!ors /echanical and Ins!r"men! Technicians & Senior Technicians English com$rehension and comm"nica!ionco mm"nica!ionAFPC Training Cen!er4 D- 53ec!"re4 disc"ssion and wor6sho$ $rac!ices-
This module is one of twenty modules, which together cover the theoretical aspect of the the Tech Techni nica call Trai Traini ning ng for for the the AFPC AFPC Prod Produc ucti tion on Grad Gradua uate tess Deve Develo lopm pmen entt Programme. This programme has been developed specifically for AFPC Graduate Development to enhance the dynamic ationalisation drive adopted by the company
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C#7RSE C#NTENTS1 !. "b#ec b#ecttives ives $. Cour Course se "ut "utli line ness %. &'ui &'uipm pmen entt ( )esou )esourc rces es *. Course +anual +anual -anded -anded out for for the Participant Participants s /. Trai Traini ning ng Aids Aids 0. 1ess 1esson on Plan Plan 2. Course Course Final Final Test Test and and +ode +odell Answer Answerss 3. Appendi4
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+- C#7RSE #9:ECTI,ES1 5pon completion of the course, the trainee will be able to6
• 7dentify the different types of flow schemes. • 7dentify the information in the different types of flow schemes. • 7dentify the functions of individual schemes. • 5nderstand the symbols and abbreviations relevant to the flow schemes.
• 5nderstand the instrument identification. • Design and s8etch simple control instrumentation for process e'uipment and include standard drafting symbols.
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0-C#7RSE #7T3INES1 The course is designed for the AFPC e4isting production operators and senior production operators to provide the basic necessary 8nowledge and to gain e4perience dealing with reading engineering drawing special for PFD9s and P : 7D9s
• Duration of this course is two wor8ing days !$ -rs.. • The ma4imum number of participants shall be four * trainees in one patch. • This course will be conducted at AFPC Training Centre classroom in D.; • Course time plan shall be as follows6 -
7nstruction time 6 Test Time 6
!< -rs. $ -rs.
• Course program shall be proceeded as follows6
Firs! Da< %-** Hrs-' Time %Hrs- = /in-'
Ac!i.i!< -
/.<<
-
!.<<
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7ntroduction Flow schemes. 7nstrument line symbols
Pre= Assessment
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3oca!ion Classroom
Classroom
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Second Da< %-** Hrs-' Time %Hrs- = /in-'
/.<<
!.<<
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Ac!i.i!< • • • •
7nstrument identification Functional designation of relay >pecial abbreviations 7>A symbols
Final Test
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3oca!ion
Classroom
Classroom
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Reading Drawing PFD’s and P&ID’s
8- E?7IP/ENT = RES#7RCES T# C#ND7CT THE C#7RSE1 The following training resources to be available in the Training Centre before conducting this course6
• "verhead Pro#ector • Transparencies
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;-C#7RSE /AN7A3 %HAND #7T T# THE PARTICIPANTS'
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TaBle o Con!en!s
!. 7ntroduction. $. Flow >chemes. $.!
Types of schemes with definitions.
$.$
Functions of the individual schemes.
%. 7nstrument 1ine >ymbols. *. 7nstrument 7dentification. /. Functional Designation of )elays. 0. >pecial Abbreviations. 2. General Abbreviations. 3. 7>A >ymbols.
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+- INTR#D7CTI#N1 &very scientific and technical field develops a speciali?ed language convey information and ideas. The speciali?ed language not only includes particular meanings for words, it also includes abbreviations and symbols peculiar to a given field. Anyone who see8s training in such a technical or scientific field must become familiar with the speciali?ed language of that field. The instrument >ociety of America has prepared a standard, entitled 7nstrumentation, >ymbols and 7dentification, 7>A= >/.!, for individuals in the field of instrumentation. The purpose of this standard is to provide a satisfactory system of symbols and identification for industrial process instrumentation e'uipment. This is designed to prompt a uniformity of practice and e4pedite communication in the fields of production operation and instrumentation.
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0- F3#W SCHE/ES 0-+T<$es o Scheme wi!h Deini!ions 0-+-+ Process Flow Diagram %PFD'
A PFD is a simplified flow diagram of either a single process unit, a utility unit, a complete process module or an offsite product storage and loading system. The purpose of a PFD is to provide a preliminary understanding of the process system indicating only the main items of e'uipment, the main pipelines and the essential instruments, switches and control valves.
A PFD also indicates operating variables, such as mass flow, temperatures and pressures, which are tabulated at various points in the system. The general symbol function letter of the instrument and a basic control valve symbol are indicated. &4planatory notes are often included at the bottom of the PFD and these give valuable information on the different modes of operation and interment control of a process unit during the start=up and normal operating phases. The PFD is a document containing information on6
• • • • • •
Process conditions and physical data of the main process streams. +ain process e'uipment with design data. +ain Process lines. +ain controls. +ass material balance. -eat balance if applicable.
0-+-0 Pi$ing and Ins!r"men!a!ion Diagram %P & ID'
A P : 7D is a detailed flow diagram o either a process unit, a utility unit, an ancillary unit, an offsite product storage system, a product loading system, or a drawing of a process and instrumentation system which connects different operating facilities together.
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A P:7D9s drawing typically provides the following detailed information6=
/echanical De!ails • S!a!ionar< E2"i$men!1 >tationary e'uipment such as inlet, outlet, drain, vent, instrument connections and valve connections with the associated bloc8 valves and spading points. • Fi!!ings1 All internal fittings, access manways, support structures, materials of construction and insulation details. • 3"Be #il and Sealing Some mechanical details of rotating e'uipment together with their au4iliary systems lubrication and sealing systems. • Pi$ing De!ails1 Piping si?es and details such as flanges, reducers, valving, materials of construction, insulation, high point vents and low point drains.
Ins!r"men! De!ails • Signal transmission lines between measuring instruments and their controlling devices or control valves. >olenoid valves or other signal switching devices are shown in the transmission lines. • 3oca!ions1 >ymbols and locations of instruments connected to process computers.
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• Alarms and Tri$s1 Alarm and trip instrument symbols with transmission signal lines to the appropriate shutdown devices or shutdown logic a systems. • Sh"!down De.ices1 &mergency system instrumentation symbols showing details of hydraulic( pneumatic actuators used with different types of valves. &ach P:7D9s drawing contains a list of e4planatory notes which supplement or clarify the graphical details shown on the P:7D9s. This additional information covers special features of the stationary e'uipment, rotating e'uipment or instrumentation. For e4ample, e4planatory notes about comple4 process control loops, compressor anti=surge control loops and furnace logic systems for star=up and shutdown or the emergency alarm an be shown on a P:7D9s. 0-+-8 Process Engineering 7!ili!< Flow Diagram %PE7FD'
The P&FD is a document containing information on6 • +ain distortion and(or collection arrangement of each individual utility system, e4pect electrical systems. Detailed design( engineering data are given as on the P:7D mentioned above. 7n addition the P&5FD shows the mass and heat balances of the system concerned. No!e1 The P&5FD is usually the first schematic document prepared for a certain utility. "nly for very large utility systems is a Process 5tility Flow Diagram P5FD prepared first. 0-+-; Process Saeg"arding Flow Diagram %PSFD'
The P>FD is a document highlighting information on6
• Types and levels of protection offered by the devices installed and their inter relation to demonstrate the plant9s safety.
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0- 0 F"nc!ions o !he Indi.id"al Schemes 0-0-+ Process Flow Diagram %PFD' -----------
The PFD stating process conditions and physical data for design conditions shall serve as a basis for6
• • • • • • •
Advanced ordering of special(long delivery e'uipment(materials base the on the Preliminary Pro#ect Planning "btaining a preliminary e'uipment summary list Composing preliminary plant layout Preparing preliminary cost estimate $/=*<@ accuracy Preparation of the +7D with data sheets. Preliminary ris8 analysis.
0-0-0 Pi$ing and ins!r"men!a!ion diagram %P&ID'
The P:7D based on the PFD shall contain detailed information si?ing and specification re'uired for engineering purposes and serve as a basis for6
• • • • • • • •
Planning schedule Final plant layout development together with ha?ardous areas classification Preparing piping, instrument, safety relief valve and level gauge data sheets Construction contract specifications Developing piping layout drawings ul8 material ordering piping, electrical, instrumentation, civil )emaining e'uipment ordering Final capital cost estimate engineering, purchasing and construction !<@ accuracy • -A;"P studies(safety reviews • "perations review • >tating special re'uirements for start=up and shut=down 0-0-8 Process Engineering 7!ili!< Flow diagram %PE7FD'
The P&5FD shall state characteristics and consumption figures of the particular utility concerned, cooling water, fire water, drin8ing water, steam, plant air, instrument air, fuel oil(gas, inert gas and similar utilities. Bhen serving different processing plants isolating facilities are to be provided for each process plant.
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The basic use of the P&5FD follows the general principles and details as described for the P:7D above. For an electrical utility system the electrical engineer prepares an electrical 8ey diagram and electrical load summary sheets. 7n principle these documents serve the same purpose as the P&5FDs. 0-0-; Process Saeg"arding Flow Diagram %PSFD'
The P>FD shall state in detail identification and clarification of the essential detecting devices and their relation to one another, as well as the related emergency shut=down facilities. The P:7D contains all information re'uired for a P>FD however, the P>FD highlights protection in case of e4treme conditions and measures to be ta8en to safeguard personnel and environment. No!e1 7n general these schemes will only be made for comple4 installations li8e offshore process platforms. For simple applications the information shown on the P:7D is usually sufficient to highlight safety devices and aspects.
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8- INSTR7/ENT 3INE S/9#3SFor instrumentation, there are si4 line designations that are commonly used. These are shown in Table !6 TaBle + Ins!r"men! 3ine S
All lines shall be fine in relation to process piping lines. ! Connection to process, or mechanical lin8. or instrument supply $ Pneumatic signal, or undefined signal for process flow diagrams % &lectric signal
* Capillary tubing filled system
1
/ -ydraulic signal
1
1
1
0 &lectromagnetic or sonic signal without wiring or tubing
No!es • The following abbreviations are suggested to denote the types or power supply. These designation may also be applied for purge fluid supplies.
A> &> G> -> > >> B>
Air >upply. &lectric >upply. Gas >upply. -ydraulic >upply. itrogen >upply. >team >upply. Bater >upply.
• The power supply level may be added to the instrument supply line, e.g., A> !<<, a!<<=psig air supply &> $*!%C, a $*= volt direct current supply.
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• The pneumatic signal symbol applies to a signal using any gas as the signal medium. 7f a gas other than air is used, the gas shall be identified by a note on the signal symbol or otherwise • &lectromagnetic phenomena include heat, radio waves, nuclear radiation, and light.
;- INSTR7/ENT IDENTIFICATI#N 7nstruments are identified by a system of letters and numbers as shown in Table = $ The number is generally common to all instrument of the loop of which it is a part. TaBle)0 T RC )0 A First letter >ucceeding 1etters 1oop umber >uffi4 Functional 7dentification 1oop 7dentification 7nstrument 7dentification or ( Tag umber
The first two letters identify the function of the instrument and are selected from 7 Table % . The succeeding numbers and letters identify the particular loop. EThe first letter designates the measured or initiating variable such as temperature, level, flow, etc. +odifying letters such as D for differential, F for ratio, and for totali?ing may follow the first 1etter. For e4ample , a TD7 a differential temperature indicator and a F) is a flow recorder with an integrator in the loop. The succeeding letters designate one or more functions of the loop such as readout, passive function, or output. The loop identification method assigns a number to each loop. 7t may begin with !, $< !, or !$< !, which may include a plant area coding system. Prefi4 numbers may be assigned to a number to designate plant areas. For e4ample, 0=T)C=$ may indicate an instrument located in Plant Area 0. 7f an instrument is common to more than a loop it may be assigned a separate number. For loops that have more than one instrument with the same functional identification, suffi4es should be added to the loop number e.g., F=$A F=$!%, etc., or T&=$/= !, T&=$/=$, T&=$/=%, etc. TaBle 8 IHRDC
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/eaning # Iden!iica!ion 3e!!ers
This table applies only to the functional identification of instruments umbers in table refer to notes following. First letter /eas"red or Ini!ia!ing ,ariaBles %;'
>ucceeding 1etters %
/odiier
Reado"! or Passi.e F"nc!ion
A
Analysis /
Alarm
urner Flame
5ser9s Choice !
&
Conductivity &lectrical Density +ass or >pecific Gravity oltage &+F
F
Flow )ate
C D
G 7 I J 1 + !
Gauging Dimensional -and +anually 7nitiated Current &lectrical Power Time or Time= >chedule 1evel
P
Pressure or acuum
uantify or &vent
) > T
)adioactivity >ped or fre'uency Temperature
5
+ultivariable 0
iscosity Beight or force 5nclassified
K
5ser9s Choice !
;
Position
/odiier
5ser9s Choice !
Control !% Differential * Primary &lement )atio Fraction * Glass H
-igh 2,!/,!0 7ndicate !< >can 2 Control >tation 1ight Pilot !!
5ser9s Choice 5ser9s Choice !
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5ser9s Choice!
+oisture or -umidity
"
B $
#"!$"! F"nc!ion
5ser9s Choice "rifice )estriction Point Test Connection
5ser9s Choice
1ow 2,!/,!0 +iddle or 7ntermediate 2,!/ 5ser9s Choice
7ntegrate Totali?e * )ecord or Print >afety 3
>witch !% Transmit +ultifunction !$
+ultifunction !$
+ultifunction !$
alve, damper, or, 1ouver !% Bell 5nclassified
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5nclassified )elay or Compute !%,!* Drive, Actuate or 5nclassified Final Control &lement
5nclassified
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No!es For TaBle 8 /eanings # Iden!iica!ion 3e!!ers
!= A userEs choice letter is intended to cover unlisted meanings that will be used repetitively in a particular pro#ect. 7f used, the letter may have meaning as a first=letter and another meaning as a succeeding letter. The meanings need be defined only once in a legend, or otherwise, for that pro#ect. For e4ample, the letter may be defined as module of elasticity as a first=letter and oscilloscope as a succeeding=letter. $= The unclassified letter , is intended to cover unlisted meanings that will be used only once or to a limited e4tent. 7f used, the letter may have any number of meanings as a first letter and any number of meanings as a succeeding letter. &4cept for its use with distinctive symbols it is e4pected that the meanings will be defined outside a tagging balloon on flow diagram. For e4ample, )=$ may be a stress recorder, )=% may be a vibration recorder, and =* may be a stress oscilloscope. %= The grammatical form of the succeeding=letter meanings may be modified as re'uired. For e4ample, indicate may be applied as indicator or indicating, transmit as transmitter or transmitting, etc. *= Any first=letter, if used in combination with modifying letter D differential, F ratio, or integrate or totali?e, or any combination of them, shall be construed to represent a new and separate measured variable, and the combination shall be treated as a first= letter entity. Thus, instruments TD7 and T7 measure two different variables, differential= temperature and temperature. These modifying letter shall be used when applicable. /= Fist=letter A for analysis covers all analyses that are not listed in Table % and are not covered by a userEs choice letter. 7t is e4pected that the type of analysis in each instance will be defined outside a tagging balloon on flow diagram. 0= 5se of first=letter 5 for multiple in lieu of a combination of first=letter is optional. 2= The use of modifying terms high, low, or intermediate, and scan is preferred, but optional. 3= The term safety shall apply only to emergency protective primary elements and emergency protective final control elements. Thus, a self=actuated valve that prevents operation of a fluid system at a higher=than=de sired pressure by bleeding fluid from the system shall be a bac8 pressure= type PC, even if the valve were not intended to be used normally. -owever, this valve shall be a P> if it were IHRDC
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intend intended ed to protec protectt agains againstt emerge emergency ncy condit condition ions= s= i.e., i.e., condit condition ionss that that are ha?ardous to personnel or e'uipment, or both, and that are not e4pected to arise normally. The designation P> applies to all valves intended to protect against emergency pressure conditions regardless of whether the valve construction and more of operation place them in the category of the safety valve, or safety=relief valve. H= Passive function glass applies to instruments that provide an uncelebrated direct view of the process. !<= The term indicate applies only to the readout of an actual measurement. 7t does not not appl apply y to a scal scalee for for manua anuall ad# ad#ustm ustmen entt of a vari variab ablle if the there is no measurement input to the scale. !!= A pilot light that is part of an instrument loop shall be designated by a first! letter followed by succeeding=letter 1. For e4ample, a pilot light that indicates an e4pired time period may be tagged J1 A running light for an electric motor may be tagged either &1, assuming that voltage is the appropriate measured variable, or 1, assuming that the light is actuated by au4iliary electric contacts of the motor starter, or simply 1. The action of a pilot light may be accompanied by an audible signal. !$= 5se of succeeding=letter 5 for multifunction instead of a combination of other functional letters is optional. !%= A device that connects, disconnects, or transfers one or more circuits may be either a switch, a relay, an on=off control valve, depending on the application. 7f the device manipulates a fluid process steam and is not a hand=Actuated "n=off bloc8 valve, it shall be designated as a control valve. For all applications other than fluid process streams, the device shall be designated as follows6 A switch, if it is actuated by hand. A switch or an on=off controller controller if it is automatic automatic and is the first such device in a loop. The term switch is generally used if the device is used for alarm, pilot light, selection, selection, interloc8, interloc8, or safety. safety. The term controller controller is generally generally used if the device is used for normal operating control. A relay, if it is automatic and is not the first such device in a loop, 7 . e., it is actuated by a switch or an on=off controller.
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!*= 7t is e4pected that the functions associated with the use of succeeding=letter K will be defined outside a balloon on a flow diagram when it is convenient to do so. !/= 5se of modifying terms high, and middle or intermediate shall correspond to values of the measured variable, not of the signal, unless otherwise noted. For e4ample e4ample,, a high=l high=leve evell alarm alarm derive derived d from a reverse reverse=ac =actin ting g level level transm transmitt itter er signal shall be an 1A- even though the alarm is actuated when the signal falls to a low value. The terms may be used in combinations as appropriate. !0=The terms high and low, when applied to positions of valves and other open=close devices, devices, are defined defined as follows high denotes that valve is in or approaching approaching the fully open position, and low denotes in or approaching the fully closed position.
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>- F7NCTI#NA3 DESIGNATI#N #F RE3AS TaBle ; The function designations associated with relays may be used as follows individually or in combination see Table %, note !* The use of a bo4 enclosing a symbol is optional the bo4 is intended to avoid confusion by setting off the symbol from other mar8ings on a diagram. S
$. or ADD % or D7FF. *. L M = /. AG. 0.@ or !6% or $6! typical 2. +ultiply M 3. ÷ H. √ or or >. )T. !<. n or !(n !!. f !$. !6! !.%. > ") ") -ighest +&A>5)&D A)7A1& !*. O ") 1"B&>T +&A>5)&D A)7A1& !/. )&. !0. a. &(P or P(7 typical
b. A(D or D(A
!2. !3. D or d(dt !H. !(D $<. As re'uired
F"nc!ion Automatically connect. disconnect. or transfer one or more circuit.... provided that this is not the first such device in a loop see Table % note !%. Add or totali?e add and subtractf >ubtract iasN Average Gain or attenuate input6 outputN Divide M &4tract s'uare root )aise to power Characteri?e oost -igh=select. >elect highest higher measured variable not signal. unless so noted. 1ow=select. >elect lowest lower measured variable not signal. unless so noted. )everse Convert For input( output se'uences of the following6 Designation >ignal & oltage -ydraulic 7 Current electrical " electromagnetic or sonic P Pneumatic ) )esistance electrical For input( output se'uences of the following6 following6 A Analog D Digital 7ntegrate time 7ntegral Derivative or rate 7nverse derivative 5nclassified
N 5sed for single=input relay. M 5sed for relay with two or more inputs.
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- SPECIA3 A99RE,IATI#NS TaBle > For abbreviations other than instrument identification letters of Table % ABBre.ia!ion
/eaning
A ADAPT, A> A+ C D
Analog signal Adaptive control mode Air supply Average Patch board or matri4 board connection Derivative control mode Digital signal >ubtract Direct=acting oltage signal &lectric supply Fail closed Fail indeterminate Fail loc8ed Fail open Gas supply -ydraulic signal -ydraulic supply Current electrical signal 7nterloc8 +otor actuator +a4imi?ing control mode +inimi?ing control mode itrogen supply &lectromagnetic or sonic signal "ptimi?ing control mode. Pneumatic signal proportional control mode Purge or flushing device Automatic= reset control mode )eset of fail=loc8ed device )esistance signal )everse acting )esistance =type temperature detector >olenoid actuator >et point >'uare root >team supply Trap Bater supply +ultiply 5nclassified actuator
D7FF. D7). & &> FC F! F1 F" G> -> ! + +A +7, > " "PT. p
)
)&. )TD > >.P. >.)T. >> T B>
@- GENERA3 A99RE,IATI#NS IHRDC
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A(D A& A7 AT A>A+
Analog to digital Analyser element Analyser indicator Analyser transmitter Analyser switch high Analyser alarm high
A" AC AF" AFC A" AK
& A" F" A1 >7,
urner flame element urner alarm off urner flame off urner alarm low urner switch low
>:Base sediment : water "- low out hatch uilding F lind flange
CA CC CP CCCCP CC CP
Cho8e valve, ad#ustable Cho8e valve control Cho8e valve positive Central control house Central control panel Corrosion coupon Corrosion probe control
C>" C>C CD C" B c CTC
Car seal open Car seal closed Continuos drainer Clean out Cho8e nipple Compressor Central telemetry
D Dryer DA Direct acting DP>B Differential pressure switch
D& D)
Density element Density recorder
& &7 FA FAFA1 FC FC F7 F& F) FT F F> F>F>7, F)C F) FC
&4changer oltage indicator Flow alarm Flow alarm high Flow alarm low Flow controller Flow control valve Flow indicator Flow element Flow recorder Flow transmitter Flow valve Flow switch Flow switch high Flow switch low Flow recorder controller Flow data logger Fail close
&>D
&mergency shutdown
GA7 GA
Gas analyser indicator Gas analyser
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-eater
Air to open Air to close Air failure open Air failure close Air operated valve &lectrical relay
F7C
Flow indicating controller FK1 Flow relay low FK Flow relay F7 Flow totaliser F) Flow totaliser data logger F7> Flow indicating switch FTP) Flow recorder % Fr)C Flow ratio controller FFK >ignal multiplier F"T Flat on top FA Flame arrestor F Filter G
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-K -ydrant -$A- -ydrogen alarm high -$A1 -ydrogen alarm low -$T -ydrogen transmitter -$> -ydrogen suphide 7A> 7nstrument air supply 71G 7nterface level gauge 71C 7nterface level control 71C 7nterface level control valve 71T 7nterface level transmitter 717C 7nterface level indicating controller 7(P Current to pneumatic transmitter 7(> Current to switch transducer JC
Time controller
1A 1A1A1 1A-1 1C 1 1> 1>-1 1>1>7, 1)
1evel 1evel 1evel 1evel 1evel 1evel 1evel 1evel 1evel 1evel 1evel
+A +AA +CC +1> +" +>> +> +" +T C " PA PA1 PAP7 P7C
+oisture analyser +oisture analyser alarm +otor control centre +otor loading station +otor operated valve +anual selector station +anual set point station +anually operated +oisture transmitter ormally closed ormally open Pressure alarm Pressure alarm low Pressure alarm high Pressure indicator Pressure indicating controller
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alarm alarm high alarm low alarm high low control valve valve switch switch high low switch high switch low data logger
-"A -and="ff=Auto -> -and switch -C -and control valve 7T
Current indicator
17 1C 1G 1) 1)C
1evel indicator 1evel controller 1evel gauge 1evel recorder 1evel recorder controller 1evel indicating controller 1evel transmitter 1evel relay 1auncher
17C 1T 1K 1
+) +eter +(A +anual=Auto alarm +C7 +otor controlled valve indicator +B +an=way + +i4er +"1 +ain line oil +) +anual reset "C
et oil computer
PC
Pressure control valve Pressure controller Pressure recorder Pressure recorder controller
PC P) P)C
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ABBre.ia!ions %Con!in"ed' P Pressure valve PK P> Pressure switch PKP>1 Pressure switch low PK1 P>- Pressure switch high P> P>-1 Pressure switch high low valve P) Pressure data logger PD7 Pressure differential indicator PD>7, Pressure differential switch low PD>- Pressure differential switch high PDC Pressure differential controller PDT Pressure differential transmitter PD7C Pressure differential indicator controller PDC Pressure differential control valve P(7 Pneumatic to current transducer P(& Pneumatic to electric transducer C CA C7
uality control uality control alarm uality control indicator
)A )D )" ) )TD
)everse acting )upture disc )estriction orifice )educed bore )esistance temperature detector >peed controller >peed switch >peed indicator >peed transmitter >peed recorder "verspeed alarm >ample connection >ump
>C >> >7 >T >) >A>C > TATA1 TK TC T& T7 TC T7C T) T)C T>T>1 TT T) IHRDC
Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature
Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure
relay relay high relay low safety
)+ )T> )T5
)emote manifold )emote test station )emote terminal unit
>DK >D >DP >D >T) >>
>olenoid valve >hutdown >hutdown panel >hutdown valve >trainer >urface safety valve
alarm high TB alarm low T relay Tcontroller TA element T indicator control valve controller recorder recorder controller switch high switch low transmitter data logger RD ( P) *+ %RE,- *'
Thermal well Temperature valve Thief hatch Temperature alarm Tan8
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5A 5C & 7 vs >AT B->
5nit shutdown alarm 5tility connection vibration sensor ibration indicator ibration switch ibration switch high ibration alarm high ibration transmitter Bellhead start button
5nit alarm data logger v essel oltage balance ) oltage regulator P> acuum pressure safety valve
4 A> 4C C D7 FA FrC FC FT P>5 )G TC TP P7 P> A
&lectrical Auto=select relay Converter Deluge valve Dewpoint indicator Flow adder Flow ratio controller Flow computer Flow totaliser Power supply unit )amp generator Temperature converter Tic8et printer alve position indicator P alve position switch Common alarm
AC > A C+ C) PA >>
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5)
B-
Bellhead
Analog computer eacon light eacon alarm Corrosion meter Control relay >phere detector >phere passage switch >P7 >phere passage indicator 7 )unning light >)- >elector relay high Pre=alarm to data logger
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- ISA S/9#3S Ins!r"men!s >ymbols according to 7T <$H!$ and 7>A >TD 77 &D. !H3% with specifications( &4ceptions as follow 1ocally mounted instrument
G 7nstrument mounted on 1ocal Gauge oard
7nstrument mounted on 1ocal oard or 1ocal Panel
7nstrument mounted on +ain oard or +ain Panel
7nstrument mounted on )ear local oard
7nstrument mounted or )ear +ain oard
FG
===
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Flow sight glass.
>hared display in Control )oom.
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>- 3IST #F TRANSPERANCIES
Trans$arencies 3is!
TransT=! T=$( T=% T=* T=/ T=0 T=2( T=3 T=H T=!< T=!! T=!$
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Descri$!ion
Course "b#ectives. Typical Process Flow >chemes Typical P:7D. 7nstrument >ymbols. Pipelines >ymbols. alves >ymbols. Actuators. Clearance Poc8ets >ymbols. +iscellaneous. Typical Arrangement for 7nstrument Connection.
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- 3ESS#N P3AN
Trainer to follow these instructions6
• To prompt learning, attempt to ma8e the classroom comfortable. &.g., chec8 the temperature, arrange so everyone can see the front, etc. • During the introduction, tol8 to the participants. • Gauge their Technical 8nowledge and ability to follow your language. • Ad#ust your speed to match participants. • Pay individual attention in classroom. • Allow time for brief brea8s at hourly internals. • )ecord attendance. • 7f students raise 'uestions that don9t apply to the course content, suggest that they discussion them with you during a brea8 or after class. • This course shall be conducted in two wor8ing days !$ -rs. and will be performed in classroom.
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Da<)+4 3esson)+ (Suggested time for this section: Two hours). Con!en!s
Ac!i.i!ies
!. 7ntroduction =
7ntroduce yourself.
=
7nstructe the class participants.
=
-ave one or two describe their understanding with PFD9s and P:7D9s.
=
Give Pre=assessment.
=
Distribute student manual.
-
=
Point out the contents of the manual.
-
-ave each student grade their own and pass them to you. )ecord the grades. Prere'uisites.
"b#ectives %Show o.erhead T+' - Point out what is e4pected of them by reviewing the responsibility list.
= Purpose of the manual. = e sure to note the manual is each students copy. = Contents of the manual.
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Da<)+4 3esson)0 (Suggested time for this section: Two hours). Con!en!s
Ac!i.i!ies
$. Types of schemes with definitions. = Point out types of schemes.
= &4plain and discuss the importance of PFD and identify the information included. = &4plain and discuss the importance of P : 7D and identify the information that included. -
Discuss the function of PFD.
-
Discuss the function of P:7D9s.
= Discuss the function of P&5FD.
-
Process flow diagram PFD.
-
Piping and instrumentation diagram P:7D.
-
Process engineering utility flow diagram P&5FD.
-
Process safeguarding flow diagram P>FD.
Show o.erhead T0= T8- )efer to student manual item $.!.!. -
Show o.erhead T;- )efer to student manual item $.!.$. -
-
)efer to students manual item $.$.!.
-
)efer to students manual item $.$.$.
-
)efer to students manual item $.$.%.
-
)efer to students manual item $.$.*.
= Discuss the function of P>FD.
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Da<)+4 3esson)0 (Suggested time for this section: Two hours). Con!en!s
Ac!i.i!ies
%. 7nstrument line symbols.
*. )evision.
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=
Discuss with the students if they are familiar with process and instrument line symbols.
=
-as a revision for all what have been studied in day=!
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Da<)04 3esson)+ (Suggested time for this section: Two hours). Con!en!s
Ac!i.i!ies
!. 7nstrument identification or tag number.
$. Functional designation of relays.
=
-ave one or two of the students describe what is meant by instrument identification.
=
&4plain the meaning of identification letters and give e4amples.
= )efer to AFPC P:7D.
Da<)04 3esson)0 (Suggested time for this section: Two hours). Con!en!s
Ac!i.i!ies
%. >pecial abbreviations.
= Discuss the special abbreviation through table=/ student manual.
*. General abbreviations.
= Discuss the general abbreviation through the tables in student manual.
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Da<)04 3esson (8 (Suggested time for this section: Two hours). Con!en!s
Ac!i.i!ies
/. 7>A symbols.
=
Discuss with the students information on 7>A symbols.
=
Show o.erhead T>= T= T@= T= T= T+*= T++-
=
Show o.erhead T+0-
=
)efer to typical AFPC P:7D.
2. )evision.
=
-ave a revision for all what have been studied in Day=! and day=$.
3. Give Post= assessment Final Test.
=
This assessment covers all points of the course.
=
-ave the students pass their answer to you and grade them.
=
)ecord grades and compare with the pre=assessment scores.
0.Typical arrangement of instrument connection.
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@- PRE AND P#ST %FINA3' ASSESS/ENT AND /#DE3 ANSWERS
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Pre) Co"rse Assessmen! Reading Drawings PFD’S and P &ID’s Name 1 ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) Co- No-1 )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
3oca!ion1 ))))))))))))))))))))))))))) Score 1 )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
Answer !he ollowing 2"es!ions1
.! Bhat is meant by the following identifications6 PFD6 ========================================================================================P:7D 6 ======================================================================================P&5F D6 ====================================================================================P>FD6 ===================================================================================== .$ 7dentify the information you can get from the following documentation6 PFD6 =============================================================================================== =============================================================================================== ======================================================================================== =============================================================================================== =============================================================================================== =============================================================================================== =============================================================================================== =============================================================================================== =============================================================================================== P:7D6 =============================================================================================== IHRDC
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=============================================================================================== =============================================================================================== =====================================================================================
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P&5FD6 =============================================================================================== =============================================================================================== =============================================================================================== ====================================================================================P>FD6 =============================================================================================== =============================================================================================== =============================================================================================== ====================================================================================== .% &4plain the function of the following schemes. PFD6 ============================================================================================== ============================================================================================== ============================================================================================== ============================================================================================== ============================================================================================== ============================================================================================== ======================================================================================= P:7D6 ============================================================================================== ============================================================================================== ============================================================================================== ============================================================================================== ============================================================================================== ============================================================================================== ==================================================================================== .* 7dentify the line designations symbols of the following6 a. +ain process line ======================================================================= b. Traced main process line =============================================================== c. 7nsulated line ============================================================================ d. Pneumatic signal ======================================================================== IHRDC
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e. &lectrical signal =========================================================================
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./ Bhat is meant by the following instrument identifications Tag umber6 !. F>-6 =====================================================================================$. T)C6 ====================================================================================%. )"6 ======================================================================================*. P7C6 ======================================================================================/. PD7C6 ===================================================================================0. 1>6 =======================================================================================2. TT6 =======================================================================================3. 1G6 ======================================================================================H. F)6 =======================================================================================!<. F76 ======================================================================================!!. T&6 =====================================================================================!$. T6 =====================================================================================!%. >D6 =================================================================================== !*. TC6 ===================================================================================!/. P>6 ===================================================================================!0. 1A-6 ===================================================================================!2. P>D6 ===================================================================================!3. PA--6 =================================================================================!H. F"6 =====================================================================================$<. &>D6 ===================================================================================$!. FC6 =====================================================================================$$. A>6 =====================================================================================$%. &>6 =====================================================================================$*. IHRDC
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>.P6 =====================================================================================$/. FK6 =====================================================================================
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.0 7dentify the function of the following designation of relays6 7( P6 =========================================================================================
A( D6 =======================================================================================
.2 7dentify the meanings of the following instrument symbols6 6
==================================================================================
6 ====================================================================================
6
======================================================================================
6 =====================================================================================
6
======================================================================================
6 =====================================================================================
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.3 Draw the symbols of the following process valves6
• Globe alve normally open =================================================. • Globe valve normally closed ===============================================. • Gate alve normally open ==================================================. • Gate alve normally closed =================================================. • all alve normally closed =================================================. • Chec8 alve =================================================. • utterfly alve =================================================. • eedle alve normally open =================================================.
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Pos!) Co"rse Assessmen! Reading Drawings PFD’S and P &ID’s Name 1 ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) Co- No-1 )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
3oca!ion1 ))))))))))))))))))))))))))) Score 1 )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
Answer !he ollowing 2"es!ions1
.! Bhat is meant by the following identifications6 PFD6 ========================================================================================P:7D 6 ======================================================================================P&5F D6 ====================================================================================P>FD6 ===================================================================================== .$ 7dentify the information you can get from the following documentation6 PFD6 =============================================================================================== =============================================================================================== ======================================================================================== =============================================================================================== =============================================================================================== =============================================================================================== =============================================================================================== =============================================================================================== =============================================================================================== P:7D6 =============================================================================================== IHRDC
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=============================================================================================== =============================================================================================== =====================================================================================
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P&5FD6 =============================================================================================== =============================================================================================== =============================================================================================== ====================================================================================P>FD6 =============================================================================================== =============================================================================================== =============================================================================================== ====================================================================================== .% &4plain the function of the following schemes. PFD6 ============================================================================================== ============================================================================================== ============================================================================================== ============================================================================================== ============================================================================================== ============================================================================================== ======================================================================================= P:7D6 ============================================================================================== ============================================================================================== ============================================================================================== ============================================================================================== ============================================================================================== ============================================================================================== ==================================================================================== .* 7dentify the line designations symbols of the following6 a. +ain process line ======================================================================= b. Traced main process line =============================================================== c. 7nsulated line ============================================================================ d. Pneumatic signal ======================================================================== IHRDC
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e. &lectrical signal =========================================================================
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./ Bhat is meant by the following instrument identifications Tag umber6 !. F>-6 =====================================================================================$. T)C6 ====================================================================================%. )"6 ======================================================================================*. P7C6 ======================================================================================/. PD7C6 ===================================================================================0. 1>6 =======================================================================================2. TT6 =======================================================================================3. 1G6 ======================================================================================H. F)6 =======================================================================================!<. F76 ======================================================================================!!. T&6 =====================================================================================!$. T6 =====================================================================================!%. >D6 =================================================================================== !*. TC6 ===================================================================================!/. P>6 ===================================================================================!0. 1A-6 ===================================================================================!2. P>D6 ===================================================================================!3. PA--6 =================================================================================!H. F"6 =====================================================================================$<. &>D6 ===================================================================================$!. FC6 =====================================================================================$$. A>6 =====================================================================================$%. &>6 =====================================================================================$*. IHRDC
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>.P6 =====================================================================================$/. FK6 =====================================================================================
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.0 7dentify the function of the following designation of relays6 7( P6 =========================================================================================
A( D6 =======================================================================================
.2 7dentify the meanings of the following instrument symbols6 6 =========================================================================================
6 =========================================================================================
6 ==========================================================================================
6 =========================================================================================
6 =========================================================================================
6 =========================================================================================
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.3 Draw the symbols of the following process valves6
• Globe alve normally open =================================================. • Globe valve normally closed ===============================================. • Gate alve normally open ==================================================. • Gate alve normally closed =================================================. • all alve normally closed =================================================. • Chec8 alve =================================================. • utterfly alve =================================================. • eedle alve normally open =================================================.
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/odel Answer For $re and Pos! %Final 'Co"rse Assessmen! Name 1 ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) Co- No-1 ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) A=!
3oca!ion1 ))))))))))))))))))))))))))) Score 1 )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
PFD6 Process Flow Diagram. P : 7D6 Piping and 7nstrumentation Diagram. P&5FD6 Process &ngineering 5tility Flow Diagram. P>FD Process >afeguarding Flow Diagram.
A=$ The PFD is a document containing the following information6
• • • • • •
Process conditions and physical data of the main process streams. +ain process e'uipment with design data. +ain Process lines. +ain controls. +ass material balance. -eat balance if applicable.
N The P:7D is a document containing the detailed design( engineering data on6
• • • • • • • • •
>tationary e'uipment. Fittings. Piping details. 1ube oil and sealing systems. 7nstrument symbols and tag numbers. Control device symbols. >ignal transmission lines. Alarms and tips. >hutdown devices.
N The P&5FD is a document containing information on main distribution and(or collection arrangement of each individual utility system, e4cept electrical systems. Detailed design( engineering data are given as on the P:7D mentioned above. 7n addition the P&5FD shows the mass and heat balances of the system concerned.
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N The P>FD is a document high lighting information on types and levels of protection offered by the devices installed and their interrelation to demonstrate the plant9s safety. A.%
• • • • • • •
PFD6 Advanced ordering of special(long delivery e'uipment(materials base on the Preliminary Pro#ect Planning "btaining a preliminary e'uipment summary list Composing preliminary plant layout Preparing preliminary cost estimate $/=*<@ accuracy Preparation of the +7D with data sheets. Preliminary ris8 analysis.
P : 7D • Planning schedule • Final plant layout development together with ha?ardous areas classification • Preparing piping, instrument, safety relief valve and level gauge data sheets • Construction contract specifications • Developing piping layout drawings • ul8 material ordering piping, electrical, instrumentation, civil • )emaining e'uipment ordering • Final capital cost estimate engineering, purchasing and construction !<@ accuracy • -A;"P studies(safety reviews • "perations review • >tating special re'uirements for start=up and shut=down A. *6 a. +ain 1ine b. Traced Au4iliary 1ine c. 7nstalled 1ine d. Pneumatic >ignal e. &lectrical >ignal
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A. / !. P>-6 $. T)C6 %. )"6 *. P7C6 /. PD7C6 0. 1>6 2. TT6 3. 1G6 H. F)6 !<.F76 !!.T&6 !$.T6 !%.>D6 !*.TC6 !/.P>6 !0.1A-6 !2.P>D6 !3.PA--6 !H.F"6 $<.&>D6 $!.FC6 $$.A>6 $%.>. P6 $*.FK6
Flow >witch -igh. Temperature )ecorder Controller. )estriction "rifice. Pressure 7ndicator Controller. Pressure Difference 7ndicator Controller. 1evel >witch. Temperature Transmitter. 1evel Glass. Flow )ecorder. Flow 7ndicator. Temperature &lement. Temperature alve. >hut Down alve. Temperature Control alve. Pressure >afety alve. 1evel Alarm -igh. Process >hut Down. Pressure Alarm -igh -igh. Fail "pen. &mergency >hut Down . Fail Close. Air >upply. >et Point. Flow )elay.
A=0. 7( P Change electric signal to pneumatic signal A( D Change analog signal to digital signal.
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A=2. 61ocally mounted instrument.
6 7nstrument +ounted on 1ocal oard.
6 7nstrument +ounted on +ain oard.
6 7nstrument +ounted on )ear 1ocal oard.
6 7nstrument +ounted on )ear +ain oard.
6 >hared Display in Control )oam.
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A. 3 !
Globe valve normally open
$
Globe valve normally closed.
%
Gate valve normally open.
*
Gate alve normally closed.
/
all valve normally closed.
0
Chec8 valve.
2
utterfly alve.
3
eedle valve normally open.
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- A$$endi
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