THE DISNY COM
.
The Name "Donld uck is th Tademar Ppey nd he Coon Dawngs Cpyhe Maal Q Wl Dney oductons. The n nton between LG Edon, Inc nd Wal Dn a h mael ae whu ahzat o conent of Wlt Dny Poducn
t
ally pb le a' P Lr P by Unvaa e Valao n 1971 op © Ael n a I A Maela 71
OTHER EDITIONS: Para Leer al Pato Donald, Buenos Aires 1972 Cme Leggere aperino, Milan, 1972 Para Leer a ato Donald, Havan, 1974 Para Ler 0 ato Donald, Lisbon, 1975 Dond Iposteur Pais, 196 Knsten Att as e Ank, Stckholm, 1977 Walt Dney's "Drite Welt, erlin, 977 nders And i den Tredje Verden, Copenagen, 1978 Hoes Lees k Dond Duck, Nijmegen, 198 Para Ler to Dond, io de Janeiro, 1978 wih fuher editions in Greek 1), Fii Japanese (1983 Serbo-Cro, Hungarian and Tris. How To Read Dnald u gls rnslation Copyigt@IG diions, In 1975 1984 99 Preace, troductio, Biblogra & Appendx Cpyrigt@IG Editions, Inc 19751984191 All Rh Red o t o th b may b eoduced o utlid in ny om o by ny mea electnc o mhncl incdng oocoyng o en o by ny nomton o nd eeal yem hu peon n witng o he Pble IG Eons nc Fo nn les dde I naal Geneal P Oce Box 350 Ne Y NY 0, USA.
ISBN -884737 ourt Printing (Corrected & Enlrged o) Prined in Hngar 199
CONTENTS
PREFACE TO HE ENGLISH EDIION Ariel Doman & Armand Mattela 9 ITODUCTON O HE ENGLISH EDION (1991) Davd Kuzle 1
APOLOGY FOR DUCKOLOGY 25 I NTRODUCON: NSRUCTONS ON HOW O B ECOME A GNERAL N TH DSNYAND CLUB 2 I. NCL, UY M A CONTRACPIV . 33 II FROM TH H O TH NOBL SAVAG III. FROM TH NOL SAVAG O H HRD ORL 48 IV HE GRA ARACH 61 V TH I DAS MACHINE 70 .
VI THE AG OF HE DEAD SA ES ONON POWR TO DONALD DUC? 95
SLECT ILOGRAPHY 1
APPEDIX: DOALD DUCK VS. CHIEAN SOCALISM A FAIR USE EXCHANGE John Selto Lawrence
13
PREFAC TO H GLSH· DIIN
To say that this book was burnt in Chile shod not com as a srpris to anyon Hndrds of books r estroyd, and thoands mor prohibited an cnsord. t as writtn in th middle of 1971, in th mide of the Chian rvoltionary rocess Coppr had bn rsced, the lan as bing rtrnd to t pantry, th hole Chian pope r rcovring th indsries that dring t tntith ntry ad ben the mans of nrichmnt for Mr. Rockfellr, Grac, Ggnhim and Morgan. Becase this procs was ntorab to t Unitd States govrnment and ts mtintiona corporations, it had to stopd. Ty organizd a pan, which at the tim as sspctd, and since has n con firmd by Mr. Kissingr Ford and Colby to hav bn dirctd nd fnancd by th Un ited States intign svics. hir objctive: to ovr thro t constttiona govrnmnt of Chi. To raz t octv an invisibl bockad" was imposd crdits r nid, spare pars pcsd for indstria machinry re not snt, and tr, th Chian Stt bank acconts in the U.S. r bockd, and an mbargo prventing the a of Chian coper throgho th wor as orgnzd. Thr r, ovr to its which were
not blocke plns nks ships n thnial assistanc fo the Chien armed orces; and magaines V serials, avertising nd publi opinion lls or th Chiln mass meia which contin, for the os prt to be in the hans of the sII grou whih ws losing its privieges To maintain the with those o the ., their dia prepard the cliate for h borgois insrrection whih final materialie som yars latr on the 11 th of eptebr 173. Each day, with exper vi, in each newsaper, ach wky ah onhly gine each ns dispatch, ach movie, an ah oic book, their arnal of psychological warfr ws forified In the words of General Pinoch th oint as to conqer he mins, whil in the wors o Donald Duk (in he gine Disneylandi pblishd in Deember 1971 oiniding with the first ma rallies o naiv fsism, the so-l march of the ty ots n pns) the poin was to rstor the kin Bt the eople di not want th restoration of th king nor of th businessan The poplar Chian ctral offensive whih coni th social an conoi ibertion took ltipe orms wall p�intings, lr pers, V programs, motion pitres thater sons, litera tr. n al areas of huan activity with dif
10
fering dgrs o intnsity, the peopl xssd hir will Phaps h mo st impotat am o his osiv, was t wok t Stat Publishig Hous Quimat," a wo maig unshi o Kowd" i th laga th nive Chila Mac nias I two ad a half yas it plsd v mllo bos; tc th mot which had n publs a Chil duing th past sv yas. I at, i ransomd the ctt o sm o t 'mgzis it had itd om t
olored walls of he nation he broke reords, mudd sinrs, dstroyd radios nd printing sss, mpsond and xtd jounaliss, so h nothing wld b t o rmind dy o nythig ou th stuggl or nionl liber ion B it was no ogh to lan thse ultul sas" rom th stt h most imrn task was to imiat al thos ho bor he sta" insid thlvs, th fightrs, wokrs, pasants, mloys, sdnts and parioti
PopulaI isUity govt, andctxt, catt wa ones in ts mt-act d pople on h h to cltua ato a proess whih lso mant tcz t mass" ulural mrchadse xpotd so tay y he U o the Th Wold that How to Read Dnl Duck was gatd W sy as a pratcal nd t was ot an aca xcs For th mad dog waos on that Spt 1h, the we no paint ings on h wals Thr were ony nomos stains whih dti t i nd my Thy, using h ascst yot
soldis, to miat ths a n to lmiat tis w lcators whih o gew, andlif, for whch w al catd This boo, ociv he Chilan ople nd ou ug nds poducd in he mids of our suggl, is ow i pblished a from Chil i th unad o Disey bhid the babd wie ntwok o ITT M Dsny, w a uning our uk Fahers plkd nd wloased Look inside, you an se th hadwitig on he wll, our hnds still witing on the wll: onld, Go ome!
rigdes whitewashed ll he singng, may Dorfn nd elr Jnury 1975, in eile
INTROUCI T HE GLS II
(191 ) David Kunzle
"Enteainment is Aerica's scond biggest net export (behind a erospac e) . Today culture y the counts st iant product, te ral souc o coomic pow and ts iil infunce in the orld (Time 2 December 1990) he names f h Presiens change; that of isney remains. Six-o ears afer the ih o Mie ouse entour ears ater he eah of his aser Disnes be he ost ide knn Noh Amerin name in the ord He is auaby te ceurs most impoan igure in oureois a cuure He has dne r than an sile prson to disseminae around the orld crtain yths hich hasupsedy cuure hasuniversa thrived notaby tat of un an inocence beond ce ond iand beyond cricism The mth of US. poiica inocenc is at ast bing dismantled a the ealit ich it masks ies i sicant areas exsed o pubic vie Bu he Gra American Dram o cuturl innocnc still ds a oa iaiaion in hra The first major breach ino he Disne pa of his dream was made b Richard ies he Dsney Vers: e Life,
y of Dor nd Mtlt to os gicin sligt of an to rvl th o o cpitalist ideology bin t uging s t o it bnt t o gov o thi work lis in t ligt it thros not o u uon a paticulr group o coics or v paicular cultural entrereneur but o th way i hich capitaist and impriaist values ar suppoed by its cuure And th v simplicit o th comic has nabed th auhors to m simpy visibl v compicatd rocss Whil many cultual critis in t nited Stats brd t the maicin uctuous pater nd srin rom his band fary y fail to rcogiz just ht h is fing ad t tnt to which it i ot
ut even tis anaYi pnetraig ad caustic as it i in many respects remais prey to t illusio tat isey producions even at thir orst ar· someho redeeed b the act tat made i
just tings but popl manipulates is ot merly imatni rote tat he d$ butt hum beigs s wel otuty t rmy o medi critics av ocusd ovr t pst cads principy on t "sdvioc fi orror oics and th pcuir ntis o t TV cody as t grt bdgons o t pour sensibility I itant stors o t intligtsi i te U have b luld into silnt comicty wit Disy it can only b bcause thy shar is bi vaues and s th brod publ oyig t sam cutura rivilgs but tis oliity becomes postivly ril w tir oo ideology is imo uo nocitist underdeveoped couts igorng t gotsqu
inocent hey are ia and harmlss no mean conuror it has taen Disney isfun
disparty etween Diy drem wt isure and t relt ns i t ThirdoWod
ms Ar ad Commerce of Walt Dsney 1968).
t
13 the media, "braias you, injc w bl idogical conaband, a in ir mi nds agains Disny ccs. T ricl eferd padly o nos bo Ciln and freign (i os o ps o os ms a o Gan-Jis nd Blgin oin) in n aa o cds ki o xnopbi Cian bougois pss sod o rosss is disoions nd sca capigns In rd o uin nnc in Poa Uniy vnn cusing govnn o oing a y aspid o o svs: cnso and 3 n atumn 1973, UNESCO vt by 32 t 2 t cndemn he ok-brning in Cle Te U. (wi Tawan) ved te Jnta
Hy, Hegl!
silenc e voi f r nn A se a dspi ainans, pular up fr go gw loud v da, y caled un ilia o inn by oc o ars On Spbr 11, 1973 ila ad oce xcud wi aid, bloodes counvouion in isoy o coninn Tns o ousands o wos and govnen suppos kild ll a and liu avobl o opula Uniy as idialy suppssd Muals w dsod re pubic bonis o boos poss and coics3 nllcuas o L w und down, jailed od and killd ong os pscd auos of is o
ICngrattins, x I'va g ot a nice m
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£ O 0; ( o
"H deau! e . kitens aren' prepared o thi
"Go away Do' y eai ze we a aeows.1
G T Mf P c -p E LA D
"Ge hm,cade! p Oasoll u agaist S C R N U gu wo ae \ iue o e voce of oscie ce" . lTe e is cing wh so -gu I "H! Fears ae h e oy ig ese blo bs ae aad
1
hese yer How To Read Donald Duck hs been bed C; w rece ecr P w d u� si md A ye ney cmcs fud wh he f he sc me, fre f mn o he y Ppu U m hse urs wr d e, d sc he e f wr decred y he Ju ex n Che w pe dced D
sney eogy whch hey no eje B hs bo s mc mre h ha s no s L merc wer ff duc' bck he syse o dm whc he US clre oses so ssusy rd s deerus eecs hme es hs w w r Dsey h s, hse w produce h deogy The crcumces n wc Dsy ucs e e ensure hs empees reduce n her ves nd w re h me sysem expaon
, m . Imd u f Ad goerm, mudu uur e M He (me rp Ee), beng dre d rce: H Frrm he ny hs h uy rds re frd " How To Read nd Duck , f u ee bnne n Che. e fud n ss f y ws rs e's e cen" Che f eve rce f Ms r rur, he u peced cuur es f r mers T ew w d cuu be eed her eres h Mcy d hee keep hem n wer, he ssm eoe vue nd ncence crruped he Ho o Read nald u n ered sr an oc mpsd b e uhrs' so dees rm sese persn zn, or ey hemseves, rh up ney cmcs nd ms, were jeced wh he
wc h, e e sumer re uject ce Dsn rrey he cpts syse wud requre ded yss he worng cdns Dsey Pructns n W Dsney Wrd uch ud (whch wud ecessrly br rugh he w sececy behn hh Dsey 4 res), de ye ex, b e ay be pece ee ch nrm s ay be ged u crcumsnces n whh he cmc ere cred, d he pee who ee hm r rp er w n sney Oer eer Dsney hs no aken he comcs erusy He hy even ie bly f e eence5 He w r ncerne wih he p m d he mseen ak hs w pre eteprses he c ag g s n ncry cvy o ere only sr s new cmc e ( 1973 Rbi H) cn be ued he eep e me o ne
If ntne to refer to Dsney Pron� aer the at of Walt as Disey" and he", we do so n resnse to t fa tat his sit, that of US rrate palsm ntnes to domnate the organaton 5 Neer mc bo nor snated newspapr strip s mentone n th mpan's Annual Re fo 1973 ey rsmably fll withn th tg ublitions, ich nstts 17% th p All es. s grop, whh Char Mranzg, n Mus and Recors (270 ech) the mjo nsttuents, soed an xtraornar ncrs n iv (up 280 oer te pevus , p 280 ovr th l o s, te ntributn f ublatons ng prnt), so
name t, 8age By, Ch ad DDasy d Da, a u Hu ewey ad Li Jr Wdcuc. Mcey Muse Mby Duc p f Une oe Wa sy S Dys Cmcs and te, al ny' C Dgest I shol b stressd that le te nr of Dis tles has rctl ncrease, the vdal se has mnshd nseraby, as did presumaly tr circlation The Dsne comics plishing francs, strn Publshng, stoppe prucng Disney comcs aot 190 as th Burbank heaqarrs No Dsny m wer ing publish all for several yas untl
as to mll br t th totl rt venue f $85 upsh to 1k Wrten lti wh sne Pructos egadng ncm m oks prv navaling The followng a ll m the press:
194 th in lse w u b Glastone Rainbw rss, honix, Arizona) ladstone(notr blish ght irnt tles, wit circlaton aera 500-65000 pr tl, sv o th tiles taining arl Baks rprts, and wh au haH the material otaned from abr, ntabl th Gtenbergus grop in Copenhagen. Smelling money, and fearn g loss of ntrol, sne rue t rnew Glastone's lcense and sin 199 are rucng thr own mcs agan, t ti-ns to TV serials The mst imoant of ts prons, rom our nt vew, s that fatrn arl Barks' cratn Uncl Scre, who is presented no n a saize ven, th mier wh the hea of old" Te number f deent oren language mcs ntinue to urish in th absen o a US iton) no as at au 25 nclung ver recent, a lot edon to tst th tentiall hug ssian market n imant novaton, ntrou b Gladstone and rtaned by Disne or te .S. editon, is that personal credts of athos an aists are rinted on te nsde coers of eac isse
•
T h e tt al m n t hly c r l atio n of D is n y co mis thro gout th e w rld w as given n 1962 at 50 mllio, c o v er n g 50 co u trie s nd 15 d ie r t l ang g s (NeWHk,31 Dmb 1962 p. 48- 51). Thes hav now risn to 18: Ab, Chns, ansh, u c, Elish, F n ni s , le m s h r n ch , G man,· Heb w, It l n, Ja p an e s , No w a n , Pu g ue se , Sb . C t n, Spansh, Sw dish , n d Tha Th n mb of cuntrs sered must hv ri s h th latr fifies, to jdg the fgurs psh i 1954 7me, 27 Dmbr, p. 42): 30 mill o p s f sgl ttl" (Walt Disney's Cmics and Slore) were bing u ght in 28 cntrs
e month.
c oun t g spil "n-h t Ind tha e Un i te d St tat cus,rrdnt ilms, th fllwng 14 m ls r ok tles were pblishe In 1973 uner Disey's
15 he lielgh Royalies o ois onsit a sml declnng frctn o he revene fro Pltns whh cnstute sall faon f h revenue fm Al Actvtes which nsttute a smll ftn f the ttl crate revene While sney' share f the mret in edctnl" an chdren n ther frat h ncres drmtly hs ct of the tal US os ake ha uey hn But n fen as the Dney oms tde s sill ue tht ny p f the wr wthot t Dney flms r televn shws now the Dney hrcte frm the mcs ne Thos t y tet t the ne can aays get hd f mc i nt y pchse then by rwn t fm frend In the U.S reve om crcuatn fges are n nadeque nde f the cultrl nluene o ci book haraer. nce new cedy cn hos have en mde f Mkey Muse snce 194, an o Dnd Duc snce 1955 (he TV hows ca ens s nly n the c tht one inds rnal soes wth the classi characte deved ve th lst tw dedes. It s th the coic s an strps whch utn old votes n the pbli nsune n the S. and abrod nd keep i rptve t the assve hanzng peaons whh ep the platy of those hartes Dney le the msson Peae Csan o· godwl sao hs Pbli Relations n, hs erned the ntve lngoes-he is lent in eghteen of them t the ent n Latin eia he spe Spnsh Puges; a he speaks i o mznes which re lightly dfen n ohe wy fm thse pd elsewhere a a hme. There e ndeed t let ur dfferen Spnsh lue n f the sney m The diferene eteen them d nt fe the asi nte t detene the precise gnfice c deree wuld requre n ecesve unt o eserch ut the f f their eistee ints p some structul pulrtes n this tle corner o
isnys i Fo h isny , o hs ohe eia systematilly relis on foi labo in all stages o th poducion oss Th 6 ntve contributes drectly t his wn olonizaion Lik oher multintional co ratons, Disney's ha� f ou n p rofi ta b le to dece n tali ze o e a tion s allowng neale organzational an pucio lewa y to its foegn subsidi ais o anhiss," whi ch are usual l y lock e d int o the g iant popul ess conglomeraes of he re speie ountis. l ik Mond a do i n Ialy o Inte na iona l P ss Co rp ortio n in Bit ai n. The hila n tio n, lik th er or eig n edi on s d aw s is ma eal o seal outse ouces aa fro he U.S Claly, is in the nteress of the etlis that th vaious fo regn s ubsd a r ies s ho ul d re n e m tal
assstance o eah oher exhanging stois hy hae ed or puced themselves Even whn ore ig n edito s o n ot in onve ni e nt o commisson sois cally, hy can slc yp
o soy an obination o sois (so x) whh hy onsi sui o paiula ub lic s
an paila aking niions n h on o ontis hy ae sing Thy also i (o insane elee snes ons ons o inppoa o h naional snsiiliy), 7 ha ialogs e or lss araly anslat o lsssense: rely h aa, a olo (in lial pags an aiv a loal oign ss ay hotogah ono blak an w anspanies (as), iin aiion o olo as wll as diaog in h lol io) So haracs lik Rokeuk a snin illionai ival o oog h k a an ype and 0.0 k, a silly spy a knon only o hifly fo h oin eins, an n ah on a hoe The Italans in pala have ovn ept n the creaion of inigenos chaas Expressed peeen oign ios rvl ain broa ns in as ail an ly tnd twars oe physial vilen, o bloo an gts Chil, venly t (lk annavia
6 Some isi ll eve he caae nd een o oen n he Dney as Amecan well as the dept opaipan Disneys peneton nto m te Latin onnen. he Chlean eon which alo seve nehin Peu, Pauay Aenn used, und 1972, o s ou omics es one weeky hee b weekles) i 800,000 pies ld pe mont: 4,40 es Dney meil, wich well ove thd came e m Dsey ss, jus ove a i om Dsneys S. anchse Wesen Publisi mpny, ess n a qae om "ly n smll cion om Bi and enma. he Mexn edn wh ses only al a any pes te Che p) tkes almost exclusvel om the U.S On the ohe hn, Bazl wh ve tles otallin ove w mlln pes ld pe month i ay depenent un Iy 1000 ou o 5,000 pae) nd eneaes ,100 pges os wn mei. Anothe Ln men en s ht o mb aly is pehaps the most el-suicien unry o al pcn tel ove a o its 5600 nnual page. Fance's Jua Micky whc sells ond 34 copes weely ot o aot hal D n e y and half nonne
maerial Thee a dire reverse ow ba to the other out n Diya, a om or younger reader s with ore yl dawn staed a 1971 rodued entirely i Enand nd dbued by Fawtt n he U.S This and a a ky, te oe mao isney mi seig te nonU.S Enls-pe wo e aroud ies pe wee eah in te ned Kingdom 7 A colecton o such ed i to r ial hanges migh revea me of te iner and peap more surprising nan o ulura reerene The ocal sesibility o the Swede fo nstance was offended by the ilusio o ome ealtc cenes o vey n whih the duligs t to buy t o e o (tma o Shacktow" 192). By cn ch cenes he edo rendered the to almos inmpeensble A ont wh a oally deent ua traditio, u awn cannot e Dsne omis in their srcin form at and chanes he very essee o avorit haraers Thus Donad beomes a reible mod arent, admired ad obeyed by hs tte npew. ,
eman and oand), to· ore quiet adventures, med (apparenly) at youer age gu. The counterrevolutn of 1973 pvke In the hean eton eatn lke t tat ant ai rerced In t In, as embarrasent o Dsney Q. Lcal flavor ters also thoug the necety of fnng uale s for ns i I e I lut on age 4 where we ave not foloe te picle of sing the Engl gnl en vae, ut
uei the foreign maet from whn the US has n ecent years n Into soe dies. The less pfitable etc aet, h Dne oes not drecty conro an hic no reies eavly on ep, el l n n a ogeter A te etc et hrins, Dine ushes har in t faiar hanis of iperiat catal A te foegn arket exs, e is u Ireas pressure to keep deenen n uly fo e U (dete or
anated Sn f e ln ed b tef ator8 n e rgn Engln te cings offer t e te h"sre nci" hih pk u te Y of qe n In e imve Aean ce e ln San tduces a n n re", an th suare (oneef) and to tand at aenon (as diers before uors) f this were a st1973 mic, one ould e temted to see as a ncious tarzaton of te ndyne but ntransatale oriinal; whether an oncious ltaristic choice Is at pa here, aong othe ssibe nonlitaristic, unhiearcica puns, we ae ot. he tremendous and increasing ouart o ne abroa i not ace, roionael, n he me maet, were saes ded, to a dege obab exceeing tat of oher cc claics, eer since the eak reaced In e early 50. ompetition fro televsion usually cited as a ajor cause of the lu in the ccs arket ista duies of rton are ather a thi faor, affecg Dney in paar, ay ought in the he cultural shft of the last two ecades, which ha transfored the taste of so an of the ounger cin as wel as teeagers the ., an ch Dney ea aear In ma respects to ave Ignred f the Disne rmua has been uccesfuly reseed n the ims and amusement park even within this haing clie, it I y viue of an Ireaingl heavy coak of tecnal g c a een hrown over the ol conten Thu te ccs,
au signs e fa e lone show, as we have seen, of neendent rocve caacy) Diney a facd t a rent proble l se f e fen, ike a a, rer te e ll wt he ay an erv itons. Disney a resnde to the need to revtaize do un on ha of the foren et in a chaacterisc ay y tghtening the rein on woer an rct, to ensure that the adhere rgidl to establised criteria here Disne cn exei ire ntrol, the ntrol tota. Prosective freelaers for Disney in the 1s receved f te Pulations Diision a sheaf o C k A cifions, degned n the f intance fo te oc Book verseas Program (estern Publsing, which as not primarl been to e fon et, a wh was aso trying o attra ne talent augh perhas less strenuouy, oerted by unwritten and less ilexle les). nstea of vi he inen of new chartes and new cales, the Comic o A ecificatons do exacty the oppoite the insi tat nly he eals characers used and revr, that tere be no ua bi The subsia fures suld never be tars n our sores, te are just etras" Ths ev ere inun sees calated o repre exacly wt in the past gave a ceain groth potentia and fexibilt to the Duurg cast, whereb a mno chaer wa urade a ajor one, ad ight even apire to a cic k of i own Nor do thee estalhed caracter have any room to
und today to teetc.) ae rucion technology ooring, riti, as en they sta thiy e ears a, ave en unabe to keep u ith he new eeanen rks he factor h et te ic trade nto I meial eclne In te U.S have t eig o anthing like te ae exte n the le veed nations of te world Te cultral ag," an eression of inae of the erolan ceer er nz aas, I faliar een een in the U.S., Dney c el nel e r n te Mwest a Soh
anoeuvre eventably withn thefxed ier arch for ica the struct u re where they ae are restred to a et ae of ear whc st be cople wit" e autoritarian tone of this instructon to the tory rter sees exres deigned to cs any knd f eatve anlatn on hi or r a. e I also dcouraged from l ocalizing te action n any ay, for Dcburg is expcitly tate o e not in the ., b everyhere an nwere Al taint of pecif geograpical latn ust expued, a mut al tait of ae In the lauage. Not only ex ut love is prohibited (th relionship een Mkey and Minnie or na a Dasy, is latonic"u not a platonc fo love) The n outlaw al freab antue canns and bueuses" (other freas ma under ceain ciumstances, be waed as a thea but eer used. There are to be di rea
8 Te justfton o ths wou to pent bt as cced by some evi o the ok See te ese most fvoble ve by Ro d Uncle cooe mpelst b 3 Oo 990 C p 54. Jl C
19
raphic art since eonardo 1 8 he an who ruthessly pillged nd distord th chdren's literate of te r is iled (in the cittin for the residents Ml of Feedo, wrded to Disney in 1964) s the "cretor of an Americn folklre hrgut his creer Disney systemticlly suressd r diminished th crit due to his is riters Even when oliged by Union regltns t ist thm in the titles Disney ade sue is s t only nme to receive ra prominence en top nimator was indiviuly awrded n Oscr for shor it was Disny who stee f t receive While te l pplauds Disny it is left in inornc f tse o is te coneston of his empire: f t mmensey indstrios prolific and inventive Ieks se tecnicl nd aist invtns n frm the muiplne cmera to t cher of Mie himse of W Kimal whose genius s dmited y Disney hise a who someho sivd Disneys statd policy of ridding the studios of "nyone showng signs o enius19 And of course Carl Barks, crator of Uncle Scrooge nd ny oher favorite "Disney characters of ove500 of h t "Disney coic stories of 7,000 pges of Disney· a paid a an averge of5 pg ($150 for he scrp $3
in sl as we as bi way unateilistic ickey awy ud a h pro nd corprte symbo) and mor an or w Brks miser, McDuck Litertre to has een oblged o pour resures ino the great Disny neyin Disny ws s Gile Seldes put it ny yers ao th rapcious stripin in the "goldin of legen and yth He ensured that th famou fary al bec his: his Petr Pan no arri's Pinocchio no Coldis. uthors no onr ivin o whose wos copyrih has elapsed ar of cour totaly at the ercy o such a predor bu liv authors also nfrond by a Diny contra, fn tha he law is of il aval. vn os fvorab o Disney ve expressd shoc a th aner which e rides rouhshod over h wriers o atrial he plans to turn into a fil wrtr of a lst one ook oriina h pubicy nouc Disey' bruy2 1 T rp s boh sic an financial psychooca an ara. typica conrac wh n auor cud h or hr ro any cut n he ros fro roya, ro ny hr in t "rcandzin anza o by succesful Diny fi. sney w up ri or a ss nd uuay for a pa u 2 n contras to defend h prop aa
fr th a 20 not one signd with his n, and seli t tir pek vr thre illion copies; hil his employers ting crfully to kep hi inorn of te true extent of this astonishig corca success preseed hi fro individu fe an f his nurous fans who nquird n vin ar is name Disney hought of himslf as a poinator of pople e ws indistaly fine sto edior. knew h to inte lar; ave a he knw w to et ides In capitlist enocs, th abo nd ides become is propey Fro th hule inker t th full-fedged niaor from th or stuent ing s Disneylnd trashpickr to the ighly skille ninics technicin, a suende their lor to the gret ipresario.
Disny hs always moyd wha h dauhr rd a "eular corps of atorney2 3 who businss it is o pursu and punih any pron or onzation howvr sa whch dar o boro a characer, a chniqu a pnd by ny. Te an wo rord o uch ro r il no counnnc any n o y aan h Th law ha uccuy prc Dsny aant such frn, bu in rc yar, hs had or hnou cri o a : h comund y sace. Ouirs ho ran Dney charctrs Dsny foota or y coc boks ino unfaerin contxt ar purd by ful rior o h aw h pubisr o undrround potr atrzin ny purta by showing hi caroon charactr ad
Lke the ntivesmust surrener he nepews in h coics, Disney wokes to the millionair Uncle Scroge McDisne teir treasuresth surplus vale f teir phsicl and ena reurces o jdge fm the neotes undin from te last es f his lif ich tesf to a pathogil piny Uncle Wt was identifyin
various kind or of es sxua a d successfuly of entrprs tusands o,24doar wo of da and an undrroun coic boo artit wo dard o sow icy ou d s is ein proscud n iar fahio. cn roundup of th rava o iny' ay of lawyr quaerens quem devoeta
18 Dad Le nr d d Dsn ey" n e New Rublic.
2 Rprdd Dvd Kz
5 anuary
1 942 . 16-18; reprined e sa agne 22 Nember 1 954 19 Cted i n Wat Disney, mld by h edrs f Wsdom [Bee ry Hl ls C XXXI I Deem r 1959 2 Barrer Carl Bas. . 8 1 Ced in Schikel, p. 297. Cf. B ill D avidson. uT he Fa ntastic Walt Disey" i the Sturay Evening Post, 7 Novembr 1 964, p. 67·74.
Dan e Dasy Mller The So of Wal Dsney, w 3 Yrk , 1956 p 1 39
Poss o Poes
(aag fr a x d a h Uvrs f Clfrna San Barra A Galrs Fray 1970) fg 16 Een h pbshr f a Japans magaz arryng a ransad xra f s rk and rprdu f sr has b hrad y g arm f D sy a Irn all ap ratd ps f h sr aund; I pkd p ksr x Cy Is pplary a Amr s fr asd y e dg arsd w d s pr US Psrs f Prs sw, h Pc of As d pmr .
22
hs tme Kasas C There ao hs olg te eight year o Wa was ored hs fher Io btlly har pai wo as spaper eiey y geig p a 3:30 ey g a wlkig fr s I a sw eets The e e im ll is Ie. Hs her as aso I e bi o gig i fr o rea beis a leer rp t wi a sbe '0 i keep i ppy hs se I se s es ss e
s a ad sema. Mos s a ad a sey shows e or ersad o he ea r real ld psyy a pblems sey s lso eessrily elmiated h bologal lk bewee e paret ad hd sexalty. e y O e baya r his ery is as log sie bee saized. sey was oly Hllo to wom y o o tell y ke Hi sese o hmo i exise at ll ( ay re o he ma hae
e p rely f e of o i.ofrg e esse s a's ter eale Is osly abse m s meries as Is hs yoer sier Al s ee eler ber ra ay f me a s a mable f at e e me as Wa sey ad o w eer o hs parets e ay o s miy exe Ro. Hs brother eght ye oe a mse a rogt s aree hs faal ager was fom e e a k o pare sbstte a e her-fgre e elio o re parets seally the oter fro te oms ad te de te o ers dea a te sa di te rse eets or as wed moers (Bamb, Snw Whtead espeay Dum) mst ae e great rsoa mea f se Te eme as o rse og bee a at o worl fo-leratre t he maer h s l by Dsey y el s a grea a at 20 e reos re. Par sey ms sre s e a tat the ther o ee tehaly mssg; she s smpy o set as a pt. s ssbe tat sey ty ated s hld eare ad reseed s arets d eer admt It seeg thh s wos to eape m te btter soal reates sated wt hs rg. H e ated beg a ld oe a ls derstad why e awas ssted hat hs ms a amsemet as ere sed te rst pa or adts o dre h he as peas te stss wh swed at or e oe sor t seyld ere
exesse s oris ws aal wayssoha maedly om aale k. Co Dsey sbste for sexly ts s ooos the s a obable i e ms also The or o sey se a ose he ms s a male oe. The Dsey rgaizato edes o rom ss o ae sey ree admed Gis red me. ey st d. e had er ew mate relatoshps th ome hs dagters biography oas o ht hat hee was ay rel my ee wi he amy e Walts a ot o is orhp his estabshes t as pre ommeral rsa Wa had hr La Bos as a er se she w wo or ess m tha aoe ese; he marr er he hs roher mared a ed ease h a mmae a a . B jst as Dsey ao the r s a hre so e ao tha o atre. The ma h ade the words mos pblzed atre ms se wo expresses a yea t e o h prt of tra rst aoded th trsde. He hard eer et Los es s o gae at me ws l wth aad as ad sto ts was hs bg ho as erested atre o order tame , o t ease Dseylad ad Wa s Wo a momets o s desre or tota hs eromet ad at he ed o s h as a to tr ast areas Caoas os sed motas at Mera K to a 35 mlo olr plygrod He d o sese o th
e e aways laed at r heads aarsad or wy B Chilren'sFm s oma a Maela sho the h the sey m Is rea a mas or adt aiees; he
spel h haer mas wideress s er th of at aso th athhze isey l to lam that hs ges hs ea
Ie hs father dded the money he eaned to the
atn- Peemr 1973 328 6 Hs daghtes wods (le O 98) be epetg: Fthe [was] wpressue swan wth a el sellng te s the way he desbd t me [he w] unh entmentalst [t] t hear hm talk man ther yd thn he wa te a lifetmes sl f he sstes fe chen osal me n ths fm hh d yu thn we uh to pay for firs, the cr o r the rig?" They b uht th e rin . and n the cheap base t was probay ht· (sten) Ad t L mgaze 5 Juy 955 2) L Bunds was pa so lie, she meime n' bthe r h her payche This endeare her gretl t Roy . " wh ure W t ue h a t eua e y s een fewe
usehold bdget Ner delve s one f the few aly sanctioed om of chld a stl svvn dy Most prets nowdy (presmably) let the hde keep the moey thy ern and the as a usef fom of ely eol tann n whh the ld les the vae ad f m a mnute sonl ·of t- t of the ab whh en hes te lnae np blishe Adn to Rchard Sccke, Du s the s sttement f theme that s m m a te Dney fetesthe asence of a mthe" 225) Sche' Cf Few oCathlis Mnaements Rste Lsts 5 Vy Few Jews e N Blacs Wen " ted by Keth n A ea' ey use
23
"spruted fr m mther earh. 37 N re was the rce hi geniu, hi geniu w the ue f hi wealh, and i wealth grew lke a prduct f natre lke Wat made hi lden fie grw? llar Dllar a Diney in a remark wrthy Uncle Scrge McDck are like fei zerhey make thngs gro As man a Maela obsee. t i Dsne y's aiion o reer the pst like he prese, a he resent lke e pt. n d projec both ono t he
Disney has future up nallhe thea hts -o as ptentesewn ell as tay For the media "he h as made torro me e ta and "enables one o actally exre the future Hi future has no aken sae i Walt iney Wd i Orla Flrida; an amuement pa whh ver a area e vii la we the size Manaan. wich in it irt year ttracted 0.7 mllin viitr (abut the number w i Washnton, DC annuay). W ith it wn law t i ate hi a tate. It basts f the fith rget bmarie eet i the wrl istinguihe ureis architet tw pnners criis an n "
I
7 Tme December 154 p 4 Decemer pp.Ahitural 8- 9 Newsweek Pete Bake, 1 in an ale 16 for the Fom, Jue 1 (sress add).
spears he hie t isney r as h tin t te pbes f r tie a prttype fr iving in the fture EPT (Experimenl Prtype Cmuity f Trrw w intended a in the working wrs f a e-knn riti39 a cmmnit, a as, iing eerchaing larat urba deign (which udertably .. evade a od many prblemuig cs, eloyn, pols a n Tey are in the fun buie O cur e The Diney pas hve brugh the fntasie f the '1uture and the u f the cmic ne stp earer t capitalit realit I Dieyla the hapiet place eah, sy ub i Reins yu can encunter wi animals an native avage wh ten display their h tiy t yr invasi n f their jne privay . Frm kes in Adventurela yu can atua h t nin. Meanwhile t there in the real rel r t sves are fihtn bk. Kn Ls ns 1991
The read er of this b ook m ay l is conered, no so muh one his is turns u o he fee o ly bu rar buse the ind of lnguag we e ere s i o rea wi l leiy wi grlly oaks sienii ineigatio. I rr ain nowedge, wih is a orm o wer we annot tne o endore wih blied iin and tted jargon e iiaion riuals i i our spiritual high pries e lgiiize d rotc hir exlusi priilgs of toug nd pression En wen denuning preiling aes, ineigar end to fall wi eir nua ino the same kin of myiiaion
he est criia ndor nrporates, apart from its anaysis of rety deree o metod oa sefriism he prem ere is not one o reatie ompety or smpl iy ut on of bringing the trms o critiism tse under sruty Reader wi ude t periment for e sees, preferly in an actie, prdutie mnner t r esults fr om a oi nt eff o; hat of two res ea rchers who un til n ow hae obsered the preordained imts of thir respeie disiplines, te humniti and social sienes nd wo ou n d t em s l es to ange eir 0 ied mehods o interpretaton and communion
hh hey hp o desry h ar f reing e in anguage, of fuure oni re of i mgi aion o cose and laing nat ih he reer is rad of appearing iignifin d ke re n e's pari u l a r limi ed publi , ra y s n vrson or ie ad for rali y as wle We o not wan o b like he ieni h tke umbrlla i i o go y e rin e are no au o y ienii raional ism. Nor do we apire o me lmy populari ton Wha we do hpe o ahiee s a mre
Sme, rom h as o their ndiualim, may rake ts boo oer senten by senen, aring it up, signing ths pr to tat person, in the hopes of may restorn tha soil dision of inelleua bor which eaes em so om foray settd in thir armr or uniersty hair his work not to e subeed to a I eer-byleter breakdon y some hysterial compuer, bt o e onsdered ont effo of conepion and wrg F rermore, t s p of n o t o i dr, more masi ditrbuton o t sc ides conained n tis o Unortuntey, thee das re not ays sy cc to
nd ratia means of ommunaon, ot rnle pleure wi nowedge
26
the raders w would I k o ac, gvn ·aioal lvl of ou pop. Ts s sclly Ie as snc crcsm cn n ok o follow sm pop cls wc iP bourgos conos o pp s n . l ue s
W e a re grat f u l t th st ud nts of CE R E N : tr o d e Estu ios l a R i a N ac i n a l , � te f o r th Stu d y f C i lan S cit , th ;lh o ic U n iv er s i ty ) , a d o e se m i a r n
' ) b l i te ra tu n d Wy s to Cm t t " (D p � of Sp a n is h , U n iv er s iy f C h i le ) fo r t h e
consan indida ad collie ibis o our work Arl Dor fman mbr of e Jee and ducaonal Publcaons Dson f Qan(* ws b o prcp n e dvlopmn of s book n ks o ssgnmn offrd o m b Dpmn of ans a he nvsy of C Am Mlar ad of umn's Ivsgon vuon of e ss M Sco n Rsc Pofssor of CEREN, pcpd n ook anks o a s m spn son pm r 1 97 1 Frs nnsary of riup of Popular Uniy Gornm 4
,
28
l i bery of e pres s , this co n so rium, cn -
�
y inanciers a "phlanthrpit f the �ious hritian Decrat regime (1964-7 1 s pemitted itself the luxur f cvetng · o is ubicatins fm biweele t y maazies. a om h toc exch atg Die Is en exlted a the ivlle c ra l het age of c te y h ers have been cpted t eve hey hg n every wll, the ete s o every kind; they cttute a lttle le soci e nvironm ent invt g u all t jn g r a uiv e sa Dis ey fami l y , which extend s · y frontie s an ide o loges, t ra ncends I f re s et wee n pel e an nati ns, a nd ; a riies f c u stom a nd l angu e. D isney i r a su p r n atio a l b idge ac ross w hch a l l . (� ! n beis m a y com unica te w h eac h th e r. q d mi s so much ee tes a n d ight, t he l; H ; I�
q t re r ad e ma rk b eco m es i n vs le .
i sy is ar an immotal art , i wul d o ou commn lectve vii. I has osred tha in moe han one county ·>�n y Mouse is more oular than he natinal 0 of he day enra Ameica, AID (the U.S Agency fr n aioa De veomen) sons ore flm oin ontaetion featue the caracters "Mai ian of Fata y. n hil e, af te the !l quake o Juy 1971 the childen f an rdo set Dineyad mcs an weet to :pir strcken felo chlden f Sa Atoio. q d e year before, a hiean women's ie rosed vin Diney the Nbl Peace !. * nee nt be surprse, the, that an no about he wl of Dney huld rprete as an afnt to maty an cv anythg / ion a large. Even t whr is Wat is t unemine the hapy and in alace f childhd, for which he i th ria an guide. sone had the fit chlde's magne issu by the Chilean Ppula Unity rnment pubhin hue Ouimant, than ' e reactiona ry ou nal ag to th e efene o I� m
-
"At the time of h deah (19) a smal nformal worde goup as pr ootng - t te cov e , nce o f s pubcty de arm ent hs nomna ton e Nobel Pea prze (from Rchard Schcke Th sney Vo, New Yor 1 968 p.303). San Bernardo a rkng�a sbr of greater ntago; San no port n the central one (Trans) •
t
isey: Te voice o a nescaser srck ee ito he micphne of a adio saon i e aital. To the amazemet o is iste ers e annunced that Walt Disney is to e anned n ile. The gvernme roa anda expets h ave cme to the conc s io that Chlean chlden shud not think feel, lve ufe thugh anmals. "S , n place f Scge McDuck Dal and nehew , tead f Gofy an Micey Mue, we chlden an rwnus wll have t et used t eadin abou o own sciety, which, t judge from e ay i is painted by the wites a aneyris f our ae, is rugh, biter, ue an ae u. I as Dsney's mai o e o sres the ay side of lif, an there ar aays, in uman sciety, caracers reembe o of Dsney coms. "rooe cDuc is e misery milinaire o any counry i e r, oarin is money an sfferi er atack every ime somen ris o in cen of him, ut in spte o i , capae o reveain human ais whi reem him in hi nephew' ee. Hona is he eer enemy wok an ive deenden on i owefu unce. Gooy is he inocen uileess commn man te eerna vii f is w cumsines , whi rs o an is aways od for a au. Bi Ba Wo an i o r masery mans of ei ir easanty, no aefuy, e iere etwee od an evil. For Bi Ba Wol imself, wen he s a ca o o up the Tree Lite Ps, sfers ans o cnscence and is unale o do is wik ee. n fina, Micey Mouse is is ney n a nuthell Wha uman in oe r the ast frt ears, t e mere resee of Mcey, has not fel is heart swe wi emoton? Di we nt see i once as Sorcere's pentice in an noreabe aroo ich was e delih of ire an wups, which presered every sine note o the mterly muic o Prkovie [ reference no ubt t e msic o P Dukas . w hat f Fantasia a roigius feat o cinemati r i msicians, orcestras, decoraios, oers, a
9
every animate ing moving t the bato of Lld Stokowski? An one scene o the utmost splenr an realism even shoed elepants executing the mos ele gant perforance of "The Dance o the Dragon fli es [a re ference no dou bt to the Dance of the hou rs ] . Ho can one assert that children do not learn from talking anials Have they not en obsered tie and again engaing i tender dialoues wit their pet ogs and cats, while the later adapt to their asters and sow with a purr o a itch of te ears their understandin the orders tey are given Are not fables fu ll of valuale lessons in the way anials can teach us ho to have under the most ifficult circumstances here is one for instance by oas e I ia rte hich se rves as a warni ng against the danger o imposin too stinnt principles upon those ho or or the pul ic. h e mass dos no t al ays blinly accept what is offere to them*
D i s n e y us est alishes a o al bagou hich ras the chil the e ethi an a esthetic th. It is cuel an unnecessar y tear it away rom its magic gaen o it is ule by the Las of Mthe Natue; cile are j us like that an the makers f comi oos i hei infinite isom unerstand thei havi a thei biologicallyetermined nee fo hrmon hus t attack Disney is to eect the un questione stereotye of the chil sanctiie s the la in te name o the imutle uan ition here are automagic· aioies i Dise. hey ten to neutalize citicism because he ae the sae values lread istille ito eole in the tastes eflexes ad atiudes hich infom everyay experience at all levels. Disney maages to suect these valu t the extremest egree o ommercial exploitation. he ential assaile is thus conemne in avane by ht is non s ubli oiio that is he thiing f ele h \e alreay ee onitione te Dis ey esage an have ase ei soci l faily lie u i.
his nouncement parrots some of te ideas evailing in the media aout chilhod an hile's literature. Above all there is the im licatio that politics annot enter into areas of ue entertainment especially those designed o cilren of tener years. Children's games ave thei own rules an laws they move suosedly in an autonoous and asocial sphere like the Disney characters with a psycology e cu i a to ceatures at a rivileged a. I n asmuch as the seet and ocile cild can e sheltere effectiely fo te evils of existence r om the petty ranrs, the hatreds, and the o l i tical r ideoloica l cont ami nation of his
INSRUCIONS ON OW O EXPE SOMEONE FROM E DISNEYAND UB 1 . he auths tis boo ae t e eine as ollos ieent an immoal (hile Disneys rl i s ue) hye c om licate a ye
el ers any att empt to li tici ze te sacr e omaine of cildhood threatens to introduce per versity where tere once reined appiness iocence and fantas. Since anials are als exe mpt from the vicissitudes of histor and litics they are convenient sybols of a world eyond socio-econoic realities and the anial characters can represent ordinary human ypes ommon to all asses untries and epochs.
sohisticae (hile is elie simle oen n sinre) members o Wal siiste hile Disne is the most oul an i he wol) olitical agitators (hile Disey is nonatisan, above politics calculating an emittee (while Walt D. is spontaneous emotial loves to laugh an mae laughte) s uver es you th an esti eae (ile W teaches esec o aents love o es ellos an tecti
*L Sgunda (Santiago) 20 July daiy ongs to the Mercrio group by Augutn Ewa rs the a jor" moopoist i Che The writer of orke as Plic Reatios oficer
Los Meos e oici de Mas: La Ideologia e la Prensa Liberal en Chle" Ceros e l Rli Nio (CEREN, Santago, , Marzo de )
171 p. 3. T h is which is cotroe press a iutrial he artice quote for the Aerica
op r copaes Brae a d K eeco (cf A Mat te lar Estrctra el poer iforativo y edecia
e ulication this b ill use ve ash hsti le e g is e auths. facil ita e u vesai es as re t len uifomit thei cieria e e the flloing moel hich hs e a u it ue nsietin the hilsy he o u als o hih the ge tleme o he es ae s attace:
• A wor-play
o the
advetng
ogan
fo
a
n g chne, wch clean autmagc amen was (atoatically and m ag ay) - T an .
31 ence of tue gnatna confcts. T pue hd epace te coupt fate pvng e ate's vaus. Te futue ( cd) e afms t p e n t (t e adut) , c n tun ranmts t pt. Te apaent ndndnc c t fat bn ev nty st o upon ts l i tte tty of s caton vy mans of ang y But t m: t vy sm t rannt at nd fc egon, a
T ratonsp is a sadasocisi o no une tat sasd btn onad and is ne s . S m ay, a d s f ind t m sv s caugt t n te dsi r and t real ty, and i t attmpt o scape to a pu alm t ony tavel fu bac nto te on rauas Mass cuue as opened up a oe ra of ne ssus W it cain ly as ad a evll i n ffect and a xposed a ide audince o a boade a nge o f ees, i as s mu Itao sly
een omd a Savn s unnuy inftated by a mutcty of adult confct and otadctons. Ts tansparent od s dgnd o to conca and evea aent tac f al a panfu tensons Te aen suff t pt onscousn tout ing aar of innr r o I N os ta I cal ly app opats e "nata disposton of e chid n odr to onc a te g asng fo is on f a f race; it is pc of dempo fo s on ondtion By e standads of his angec model he st judg e h if g l ty; as h a s s is land of ecantent and savaion he o nevr agine i i te cessay uty
enerated a cutu ral ite ic has c itself off o and or fo e asss. Corar o h deocac potetia of ass cultre, his li has p u nd ass cult r i to a suffocat i co pxty of solutos apoaces and echiqs eac of ich is cophensile oly o a narow c i rcle of readers h c ato of ch il dr s culure s a of this specializaio procss
H cold ony nev offs e urniinto is o n cscape i l d Bui is salaton a impefc a neve be so pur as o bloc off al is real lif rob. I n juvenle ltatue t adul corroded y he tvia of veyday fe bndly defends is i ae of yout and innocence Because of tis, i is eaps e st and as expectd pace to sty te dguses an tuts of contmpoay a. For e adu in potecting is eaae of yout, hds the fear ha to penetate wou destroy his reas ad ra aliy i onceals. hs, the imaginaion of e child is onv as the pas and future uopia of he t set u as an inner rea of fasy
Chd fanasy lthouh creatd by als coms t he excl siv rese of ch il d h selfexld faer, onc avn crated hs spcialzed iainar worl the els i i houg th yhol h far s abs and ito ir risicio s as e cil i s ou dir o ia tio s Cor ion ls aay in t maic alac of sw e haro an epo se e ala r a s a ad ii s red a a distanc y he fath whos physical as is dsigned o avod dirc ofrontatio ih his pogeny Th s abs e is h pr qu is ite of h s o ip sc e, h is oal vasio Py sical r se c wo l e s upr flos e cou r oductiv, sic h hol aai is alra h is pojctio H sh ows sead as a f aori nce ading o free aazis Jil litera e s a fate srroae Th odl of paral a h o r i y is at e r y oi an h iplict bass of is srut ad ry xsenc
is el of s Oii an his Ieal Futu iy eds self to t fee assimlaton of al his woe s. eab te adu l t o paak of is ow deons povided tey av bn cated i h syrup of aads, and at tey tave wih he passpo of innocenc ass l tu as g anted to ntempo ray a in hs constat nd to vsualize te aly o , te means of fedng on s o oles wtot avn to encounte a t iffilis of form and contnt prsnte by he on art and tatur of te ete. Man i oe noldge itout comiten a sef-
T nau al ra i i of h chil d ich o o h is ri id ca y, is cha rouh appae absn of fater io an adul autaran v son of t ra o ld Pa ta is n abnta is te iispesable vcl for t defense a iisil cool of he ostsl autooos childo ol h comi li television, in al ricall y stc ud socies rely n disa as a as of ahoritaia reinfocemet Th ahoriaria elaioshi wee h eal lif ar a hil is ra ad i forc th i h faasy wol slf, a is h ass for all eaios i h i old of h
iaion of s on agnaio. y do i h hld th faer oias slf
coics shall show h laio pv rnsh i of La, ch i1a s how �i
'lD IL PY T WE A�
U. SO
A L /IG BUS ' MEN J
I
•
H,! I'D L 8Ka l A1 MikE «NT B
,ume s g enral l y bas d on and c hod i n th .v th e ch aractrs xpre nc th i r own f antasy v rl d w t h in th e co m i c. C h i d r n w i not o n y e t fy w it h D o n a d D u ck b ca u s D o na d ' s
renforcs n a crcuar fason, te mer ch the adult dsrs the coc be receve rea.
.I atio n relate s to the ir own lf e , but also be: us th e w ay th y ra d or th way th y a r
Now that we have pked nto he arechi ratonshi t us b ntae nto e Dsney word begnning with te gre m ducks and ce
i
' x osed to it , i m it at s an d p rf i g u r es th way ) a l d D u c k l ve s ou t h i s own p ro b l e m s . F i ct i o
Dasy:
I f yo u tach me to skte t i s
arnoon, I wilalays give o some ting yo hae antd." Donld "Yo e a n . a i y Y es M 1 872 coin Nepew Wow! at oul complete our coin collection Una ond }
oe nl branc t a ei an d Maz ua uc
of ra ian Scrooge McDck s Doa's u le, Granma Dk s Donas a ( ot Scroogs we) ad Dona s the unc o H uey Deey a Loie Cousin Gaso Gar s a in nh o rooge; he has ew o hs own cae mrock wo o ae cosns ( A n thre e t e re ditnt ancesors lie gran-uncle Sackl ck ad A uc th grt area e o Granda ck nd (most dsta of ll) Don e Pao, o ws assocae t t ih Arm (O e vario
te rcest br Sot Afuckstan wit epe e genealog is tipped ecisvey fvr o te mas cul ne ctor e l s r spnstrs te le eception of ran Dck wo i aparentl wowed witot er usba aving di e nce e appears just oce ndr e e tive titl e H tor Rpa t Itelf" ere re ao te cow Clarbele it F 57 te en Cra Clc olve c the witc Maca de pell n ntraly Minie and ai o being the gir l ren d of t e ost impotnt caracter are aompanie neces of er own Days are ced Ail Ma and Ju; she alo as an nce o er own Unce orduc and Ans Drilla n zzy Sn hse oe are no very ssptb to e n or mtronil bos, the msclin ctor ncerily and rpetaly composed of bce lo accompni by nephews wo come and go Mice a Morty d Fr ooy s irt an n ncl riilio F 1 76 an d yro e looe hs Nwton even he Bgle Bo hav ces, an a ephs call te Bge Brat (whose mae n te Beagle Babes make the occionl aperance t s peditle t
oun incld rnma ie Goose, ran obyGs Dc e sior andck an exoic
any treoemograpc th rlt extrasxual increse actos wll e to
"
Tr oe s ic prodct hich is nvr tokd in t isney stor arents isn's s univers o ces d grand-unc, nw d cosin the mem rlatiohi is tht
34
Even more remarkable is the duplicain d trip iatio in he y epa r nt. T e a e for sets of rilts in is wl: e ehes o Donal n t Bg Bys, ieces of Daiy an the ieible e gs he quantiy ins is gra stil. Miy's ehe are an exaple t ajrit lerte ithout aibuin t any le ipmuks Chi an a Gs n J is is t he or sgniia in merabe other exs si Wo Pky n Petunia an neh; pke n nephws an the lile pir i fronti the cat T. Th e ece pt ion - Sc ap an i Ba Wl wi e osiere sepaatly I th is b eak or of a il clan s n i pairs subject the arhaic rhibiin o f mrrie ithin the tribe n here each an ve r o e has his n or t a ed h ouse ve r ome the ast estie of paren m r feme has ee eiminated e doates of isne mane hast fetres ito proof of in ainizin hese
roper restrit ithout rti oemic to thesis o ifat sxul ence, hstiy nd
,�c tio alr eady out moded in th e inee
tu d re suited to monstic cae we s ta ciiize pepe (aire our rcria* qe ) , it is eident tha the absn of ah�r an o th e r i s ot matter of chnce O is forced t o h e prdoi cusion tht i orer to :nce orma seulit from dren it is essr to costrt aberrat orld - ne "Nic, mo o ver s e s see ter) suestie nf ex ges n i n e do Oe m rac >es ris tri to fiure out the educationa ,J au of so may ces n cosins persumab h ep eraicate the icke tit of infant �ity. t here are other r e as o n s . h ted d er i i i n ns J 0 isney sys em a i c a l cts the erhy s his crters heir rm supposed l es i ir m i i r i ty their resebnce to Hinry omm or arden ariet o peope vh o s th eer d B, in Disne, of sp ces ny nctin by vite l s in rea n ccree crs; th is, r e sn is ty, hei bih n e h, n s th e r he eveen in teen, irOW n chnge Since ey r ot en e n de re d ly a n y b gi , D sne· ct ers
1
•
"Me curial -
kn t o th st yl of EI Mui,
or t pomous moasm. (Tns)
aspire t i rt i ty te A oetar sfferis are ifited he in the urse of their adentures they hve been iberatd at east fr the urse of h e od B y el i m i ti n g a c ha rac ter' s e ffec ti v e pas , an d at t e sa e ti e d eny i g h im t he o pp o rtu n i y o f s el - xa m i n ati on i sp ect o hi s prese nt pre ica m , D isn ey den ie s h i th e o nl er sp e ti ve m w h ic h h e ca IOQ k at h i mse f , ot he r h an f th e w rl i n h h ha s a lw ay s e s u bmrgd. The ftu re cn not serve him eith er : rea li y i s u n an g in . T neration ap is ot n biee bewn te child ho reads the omi n parent h uys it but aso ithin the i itsef b a pross f s bsti t u ti in hic e unces cn alays replaced he nehe ice there is father cons n eee nd dispacemet of the nce is iness Sne he is nt gen i c res n ibe oster i is n t resnb u e i I t is s i the ne ere nev in, fary rite e since e re in i e, b ny regn ching e hn Cam t i i t s eitim e ei, he yng ie i eet ces ssue i t te physi abce th nt mea the asece of en F from it te retios tee 0 in re m more eica ad thitin n thse he st rnnic ie here hrsh disipie cn s b en b soarty, n sh r i , ve, her, sibings, i Mrer, in he re ife e ing chi i s s e ves n sn f bevi, n ressres from sie e amy. u sc er in Disney is iee n b f bu n ne, i becs bi rihy i r scie ,
by h irchs s e bi ( be uin by a soca inin sctre hih iniinie duc ao o sposbiy e ci s ii f had, no hang U ( uc's ro bee cnere b e rs nd sisers, st i tory ha i xs t ), s o birh nee, iy e de act in rar an aua i s a cotractua aonsi raosp, a eing s nu n hich es n ee su sposiby o aans h breeing n ne nn eb sa y an unc " yo u n e n n nn
35
are a a ftr"
Witi tis fmiy prmte, no one loves anyn s tr s nevr n expression of ffecton or lyy twars noter huan eng. n any momnt of suffring, a person is aon; t is no isintrst or fieny helpng han ne enountrs t st a sense of pity ri fro m iw f tr s som cripp or g g r s ownnut srving of our crity Lt u s t k t mos t x tr em xamp e :
laer that Dasy ha are o aten a ance she disa rov ed o f? I ' on . . and I m ctin yu ou t of my wll Daisy! Goodbye 0 383 DO 7/ here is no roo or love n hs worl. he Za k younsters amire sa u cle (Unca MWak) wo nvented a say to kll pp worms" (0 455 DO 8) T h whole world s th a k fu l to hi or ha t . . H s a mo us . an d rich the nehews exclaim Donal sensily re
AI· t fmus l twn Mickey an luto thoug iky ertiny sows a charital kin of afftion for his , te ltte s aways uner te igtion to monstrat hs usefulness (0 8) a i n g a n ris. n on psoe vry y n avng een lock up i te llr s punisent Pluto reems mslf y ctcng tif (tere i s alwa ys on ar oun) Te polic giv Miky a hunreddollr ewd an d offr nte unr to u y th e og tself ut Mcky fuses to sll K. Pluto you cost me un fifty os in daages ths after noon ut tis rew laves e with a go proft Commri retions re common in
lies Bh Brains, fame a une arent everng. " Oh o Whas le? ask Huey D e we y and Louie i uiso A Donl i s a t a los s fo r w or ds: er . . um . le t s se e ow . uh -h . " o he childs naural disositio" evidetly s e rv es Dsney only insoar as leds innocence to the adlt world and serves the yth of childhood Meanwhle, it has een sried of the true qualties o chilre her unoude oen (an there o re ma n ipul able ) rustuless ther creaive ag et has shown heir in spoaneiy (as Pi c redble caaciy f or ureserved, ncodonal wh i h ovflows 10 v e, ad their imainatio
ha , en in s o "mtna a on as twn Mikey n is loooun th Sroog MOuck it s of couse wose. n one esod, te nws xaust afe s nths sung t Go sert o Scogs balf r upraie fo vng t ke lon, an d re pa on ollar o r tei pns They flee thnkfully n fea of yet oe foe aor t eve ocurs to th to oject o stay ut an o an et t reat et But Muck oles them to ear once mo sk as tey r, in arch o a i wigng sra tons fo w the aarous ilionair s viently ppare to py a few ent s TR 16, US 169 tu rn s out that t e g gnt in is forgry an Scoog has to uy th uni on� on smis in rele; Now tt yo h true Hunka Jka, Uncle croog w cn l take rst" Te tyrat re ls Not until you tun hat countfet hunk of junk an ing ack my penns!" T duks r t in te last picture like slves ancint Egypt using te ock to its destiy a te otr n of te goe Insta o comin to the azaton at e ougt to opn hs ut to sy n, on acs the vey op s ite c oncusion M an y i g outh! " Not n a mpant is mitte aganst this u· qusto surmcy What are he cose uns o aisy's Aunt izzy discover a year
aroud ad hrouh a wihi the oects which surroud them. Beneath all te charm of the sweet lle creaures of Dsey o the oher a l urs the law of e ule envy ruthless ess cruely error, lacmail, explotaio of e wea. ac vcles for er aural af feco clre ler rou Dsey far a are. I t s o Dses cics u Dsey sel who s o be accuse o srupn he ome i s D sey wo s e wor s ee my o fa ly aroy Every Dsney aracer sas her o oe se or he oher of e power earcao lne. All tose elow ar e ou to obee ce su ssio scilie uly. ose above are fee o emloy cons a coerco hreats, moral a phys ical rere sso a ecoomic o aio ( e conrol over he m eans o f sub ssece. Te relaosp o owerful o power less s also exresse a less aressve more paernalstic way hou gis to e vassals s a wo r 0 f ermae t po a onus s ly naural ha h e Ducu rg oes Cu s a re always en gg e i go .o wors he is possessed ea g er l y accep waever chay ca e ha or the bein. Th wrld of Dney nntnth cntuy opnage s ference re s o ou s a h pha hav h
e .
38
teir goba traveing, and heir crazy n feverish mobil y he characers remi n pped wihin, ad doomed to reurn o he me power strcture. The elasici f hil nas the rue rigidit of he relin p wihn hich he chracers are ipri e me re fact of ei l · or ri chr or re etifl in his worl rs auori Th l rtunate reard heir bcio as aur T n l day coining bou he er,
mandaor. No maer that there b ing, long as he overns hile hiding his steel hand in a vle gloe ould he mel sho through h is oerhro com e a essit Fo r he smooh presaio o r, poer shoul no b rd e ain acily aree limi f e lii resed reei h rirr crer arrae, he l iu, an mus re sre Invarialy e o t in are he
they would rher o his crai oer n cle him hi orha is fher cdiioe h nei of its inmas: not hving en bor ey nnot rw u. Th i o sa h cn eer eave h iniuio hrouh iiviua iogical evoluo. This lso cilie unlimited mniulio cr tion ; the a ddiion ad if ec ar su ra ion of charc er s. N omer, wh h r a nge figr r pir of dint cosis d ot e to be h creio o eisin chrcer I i noh for he or wrier o think him up, o inve hi . The uclnehew sruure
ers. The , her, eiher o ur r io soi freeom, or to r i eir cr ie iiio n o ar on poer u i rer o erue he sae orr of ul iaio h grou mi bhae, h ci ver his sre As on as e s or, ou re raie ou u oc i h il, e child rels de m ndig reoro f h rayd values an t od hirarch of dominaion. Wih their prdent taover, their maure critiism the youngsers uhl he val ssem. nce agin real iferns en aer and id ar pased over he fuure is e sme as e pre
ermit th wrier who sans ouie he mgne to esblish his mind a he ol reatie frce and the font f energy jus ke the briwaves and light blbs iuing from ery dck head) Rejecting dies s sources xn Diney inflict pn his heroes the niment that Orgene inflicted pon himself H mclte tem, nd deprie them f their r rn f aton the ni ver se per ptin nd eneration By means of thi unni trgem, te mic stemacaly n redce rea peope t absracion. Diney et n resricted conrol over his r ench heroes, who are incaable of
sent, nd h present the same s the past. Sice he child idenifie with his counterar n he maine he riute to hi on colon ia ion The rebel l io of th e itle fo i n the mics is end a model fr he chd' wn rea rellio against injstice but by rebeing in he nme f dul v he reder re in fct interniing them As we shl e, the obssive risence e ittle c rea tre st te bright m ent di i get nd r espnsible ginst the ve rsized niml dl i nmp e en t, t hu g e s ying nd we led t fr eqen t, if nl t em prary neo. r eample Lite Wol i
yi generaon and who re orced to imi e te creator and piritl ather Once again e adt invad the cmic thi time under the nte of benevlent aritic genis (We have nn gain ritc ni y e wy)
y p histhefather Big B W the hm ice ch ipm cking ns utwit ber and the ox, Gs nd Jaq defeat the ct n te inevitabl the, e lit ber Bngo bve he terribl "Qijd (Jwn) nd th Gler bme ne fy' r Ee n m Mckey ge riticized by ne ew exmp mo ng mn the ny psible wy cngng t y vn th rpreene e dmn) e trnsfrmed in th rrnti idren (mint) i hapen whenever n adlt commis e me errrs he criticizes in children when they diurb the adu
T c an be n re be l n g n e o rd er ; e em a sc u l at e d v e i c on e m n t u bje i o n th er e is c n d m n ed t o D i s n ey . C f n w . T i wo rl d i i n f e x ib e, m y i h e h ie r ar c h i ca l tr ct u re m ay n a be tr it e f . B u t o l d e sy se m of
m p u h r it ar i a n is m exc ee d i s o r h u d r b t r ry h ra ter , bse d n t e s r en g th f w n ne i e n ps i v i y n h e o th er , o m e x p i it an d bl a ta n t, r b io n c o me
rder. Similary the ny permited h ci (dominted s tchange trn himsef n tn
37
ad ult (domator). Oce havig ceate the myth it a a of chldsh perctio, the aut th uses sustitut for hs ow " ir te a " k owle g . But it s oly imsel he i s d mri g. (F 19): Let us onsder typl exmple the dualy n Dald Du himsel (e is iustrad as av a dupicate head tre tim . duing the cose o the epsode). Dnald has o a pomise t ak h nepew on hiday tey eind h, he ties to slp hem, ad ends up deing em But jsti ienes en Donld mistaenly strts atg u p ittle Ben a ay eleht insted o h i nephws. The judge o de ms Doald to ee h is se n the o ir i the stody o his nphws ho e gnd the ll a u thoi ty o e l to ths eet Thi is a rect example o how h rptativ o childi submissio s a su t it ut e the ereette o atl powe But how dd tis stitto come ot? Ws't it Doald who irst roke te lw y atig o i ee d they who esoded with grat estait! First, they demad Doad p his pomse the they sletly watche a situao devlo i which he delued himself Wthou havig o e hey ony ga actey to hoax hm when al vous accs had faed Donads eo was fs o sae a chids oy ubbe eehan fo a ea one hen ea e ea one as f was a o Lif e fo h s u of deusos caus ed by s eca eo hs inaciy fo moal judmet and hs deiaon fom atern sadads As e oes auhoy an owe e aso oses s sensoy objectiy san a ubbe elephan o a ea oe and ce-esa Whou eve ecogiing hs eos e is eaced by s neews who o he a coec he oble� an behae exemay adu fasho. By acing he uce a esson they eifoce he o code hey do o ae o alidate thei suboae saus bu ony deand a i be sy adniseed The exsg sandads ae eaed o uh goodness auhoy ad powe Donad is a dua fgue hee bcause he retans e obliga tios of he a dul on t e oe h ad, wl e beh avn lke a c l d on e ot he . Th s x tr em e ca s where e is p n i sed by a judg e (ge neral ly i s a un iv ersa l mo ra l d st y) i n d cae s s com m me n o ec ov e h s org i al , sig l e fa c, le st a e n e ratio na l s trugg l e be u n as e wc wo u ld refle ct e al ch a nge i n h e e x i s ti ng D uc k bu rg va l ue s .
n o o o
eny into he adut wod, an hey mae good use o it : the Juior Wo ochuck ( Boy Sou t Ha db oo s a Golde Treasury of etioal wsdom has a aswer to eey ate eey ctio ittion eery eriod eey eer tehicl lem Jut ollow the it out o ay stucion o the n to ge diiulty. t represent th e aumuaio o vetio emtting te hild Ctrol te ture t t so tht it ill not y from the t so that ll will rpet itsel All oues o tio e e reteed d proed by authority o the ml whic is the til of at ied itoy the eterl lw ooed nd s y tho e wo will ieit te wold. h�e b o surpriss hr, or it hed the world i adva ad orever t's ll wi tte h, that igid ctechm js put it ito ice d ca y o e d i g . E ve th e v e f y s pos ed of ojectve ad ju st tadars Th andboo is oe of th ae ohur ecenperfct gimmics th com world o Dse out of foyfive istas i whic it s used it eve fails o beatig i ialliility eve the almost efc Mcky u s th ee oth ig wh c escapes thi s n cessan ansosion betwee adult ad child an esa Is hee o way of steg aside o s suge o eica sudinaton and e obsesse oagaon o the sysem? ndee ee is ee s oizontal oeen an s always es en I orates amog ceaues of he same staus ad power leel, who amng themseves cannot b permaetly donaed o domiators. A hat is le to them snce sold ay amog equals s p rohiite d is o compe. Bea he othe gy to i t Why eat To ise above him mometily eter the omnatos cu ad va a rug (lke a Dsneyad Cub oa o geant) o he adde o mecatile alu Hee the oy pe ted oizona becomes e fisiline of e ace Thee is one seco o Disney sociey which s beyond he each of citicis and is eve oused by esse ceatues he feae As in he a e se c o e neag e aso end s to aunca fo exae Dasy he nieces and un zzy D 383, D 7/67 exce a he woan has no chance of swtching oles i he onaodoated eatonshi ndee she is nee chaenged becaus she ays he ole o eecon wehe be humbe seant o con san coud beau ueen; n eie case sub-
D AR 1E BYS
ID, T LOK ou F R SO M E l N G
GIF 1 e i R
LES?
ps An si sh is alays oig f h male he im i lif s ah h i m be h h If yu a h ' aam u fm up a alays kep bus ih ins; essmae seeay ii eat s fls smia ai hsss A f s yu syl u a alays me psin f h lal hay lb I all eve s yu a las fall ba up al u - his s yu mm enmia ve ih Ganma Duk se D 347) a aame im
dinte o t me. He nly pe is te itinl n of seductess hich she execiss in e fom of coquety Se is dnid ny futhe le ic migt tnscend he pssive mstic ntr Tr re women w conen he m in ine ce," u tey re l id w te owr s of drknss The wtc Mgic de Sell is yicl nist ut not even se ndons asir rr to er feminine ntue Wmen wit nly lentives (hic e n ely trntivs al): o e Sno Wi or th Witc te ittle gil housekee or
In his gp h i v su ali zai f his buh f uees Disney ess saly he lly 0 aess syp Ahugh hey a smemes heavly saiize h mi a sigl aheype ih hei physial ise limi h escehh f ams suggle (Disney einfces h sp i hi famou films f Pnohe youg as f xampl h fas in chiD an Ptr Pan D isnys m al san as he nu e f hs suggl is lal sa exmple i h sen h Dais mbis i fanil Dis Dasl alis agais h alia vampiss ilvia an is afai h is i ma h
te komely st te Heb is omgic f t ki ndsicthe se n e dful
l' be. He ll a !sl as h s as
3
he t b H h ctd h bi n el setd wld Th u ud i me evidet in he dwng h in di loe itelf n h clly eeve v coq et e s mle nd em yng d ld enty to cocl h ul dn nd he nom o th Slvt ne nd the ohe din deed o cdood cmo on he lts yothl
c he shows he wh gft th bd coly lv wee ot mid cl cntct wh he wmen h lod h ech lv i en y with ime vigi Sc they cn ev ly oe the they e i ctt e g th I i th cmi enl i ls tod te do Wmn ly t i wld wh yil dven citc d v h d h be dnid h, i it h w tl
nncnce cn ot nt cnl t nohy, i ccy nd nction t "cciu uty oh yoth mgzi d lc with bck v h cl d Lit W cele tt t m t b c gd C v ched nced c d ev vc i th u a dvdul l c l l dd
uly Sh nn v njy t wme hmbl tic e id l l vd t y e lkig h chld Sh i tully d ely g ud, uig te cli dzzld by dig l tu rio d't c H ly u b iy iid tnd i ze hh hld ticti d g t l S i u, v child cci lv i cit vd glu ; dy th lddvd H c ltd wih h v cg
We h uc t w cy t en c c ed by i y ud dc hb d u vi O ha a u nc g u un u is k tat hy n n o c u c n u u mortal W c i a into e k u vi u corrupted aberrant
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or precocious c u incapable of acceptinA u d or sacrifice, how one expec te cuy to resole problems of dlop li beration all of whch pr e· u e t an d v a dose l unforuna e nde d a mmoral y i s i government-controlled publications. A few days ago scandalous announced e aearance of u maazine u on he official Witou stouthearted you _ ere i u u only ema ture
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big t ony iving beig i e uierse in ferio to the chid one which te id as ovetake ad is ab to mipuate. e ania ord is one of t aes whee te creat imagiatio of the cid cn feey roam; d it is indispuab tht may im fBms ave gat pedogc aue whic ducate a cid's ses biity ad ses he u of aims is ot i tsef itr g or bad; it is te use to hic thy a ut t is t kid of ig thy caat tt soud scrutinized Disney us aas to tap chidren not to iberae them nguage he empys is nthing ess th a fom of manipuain. He *
iites cidre t a wod wic aprs to oer freedom of moemet ad ceaion ino wic tey et f ressy detiyin g with reatues s aetioate, tustfu an ir rense as themseves o wom o raa i o b expected and wit hom they an aey pay ad minge Ten oc te ie reers are caug win e pes of � comc the rs e e the. he aimas oe re uner te same zogia orm an d the se ing sk it ntrou ua g ut tis eresi of te tu ature of an s n e suri a use ei r sia
4
In these lads, far from h Duckburg mro pli caual ladig grous for advurrs edy for rasu ad axou brak r aiual bordom w a ur a a form recreaio, r wa abas w st nusual chararss N gloror ul ail t hrl o se unries ad ia of kg o w m a real li a S , a al u aer triers is our bou o ou xa hat is o e bll of far (xa o "Hw Tra el ad G . Rch, as you mig f d Reer's Dgsas d rom N Prim ve Two gus: o quite arbaric (Se �) abia Aca olyesia, ouyg ars of Brazil , Euar or US; he or gu mu mor vov bu eeraig, if acua i cours f ex i ncio Sometimes e lar grou s re oiory o a a civlizaio wi may oume ad o dss eir o to grous ra ag of g 2 OW L L GS T firs grou as o r ba er a al, soe hu a os The secod grou as ows bu i a ru or useles sa You a avs o brig of ilm, becau vryg absuy vyg is jam-ack wi foko a e exoia 3 CE ll races, x h whi Colo l m i s idissabl baus aiv s o i al hade, from h darkes black o lw va
cafeauait, che an that loel liht an eculia to he edskin STT R E Br ig cl oeu ad i deagle leses The ais are erally enormous, gigan tic, gross, ough, ur raw mar, and ure musle bu someimes, hey ca mere ygies lea don't se o them; he are harmle C LT G Loclohs, ul es they dre like hi os disa asor of roal bood ur rid Diey, crar o e Liing Deser woud o doub hav coind the feliciou term Livig Muum SEX AL CS MS y some tran ge freak of aure hse oures hae oly males We wr uabl o fd ay rac of th f mae Ev i Polia, h famous amu dace is resed to h sror e We did i covr, oweer, i Fraesa, a ri, but were uable t see hr cause no male i all owed ar her is o ye sufficiely ude· stood how hse avags rroduce We d, however, ho o com u with an aswer in ou ext isue, sin he Ieratioal Moetar Fund is fiacig a ivsigaion f h Third World demograhic xlosio, ith a iew t dtrmi g h nau o whaeve r eceedigly fiie) coracev vce i in ue MRAL QLTE They are like childre Frinly arfree, naie, trusul ad hay The hrow emer tantrums hen h are uset But i is vr o easy o lacate thm ad ve, how sall we say, deceie them
Tanslato' Noe: e followng list, culled from h Baes Bark bilogphy will furtr llu inae he oupaton of the Du with p of he Thd World ( I nd n lii ng in th e U S. are not included Noe that ti lit only o wite Duk sore, and exclud al Mick Mou ntu,
/43 US 3-/5 yg Ara U 6-/61 ; R ea Vl (Kng lomons min US 1/) Ban 1 1/ Con (Khn US 35 ) ass o Nos D / Kko C (Wgs n, US / ) Foola Zoola O /49 S Afric US 1 156 US 35/5
Ggphc ET TY
which are lo oftn t n fign lnd re y e ome duplctn wit ie dition lit n and AIBa: lak Point Mrrw, DO 1/45; n n, DO 1 2/; US 9-1 1 5S; US 9 Cada Noh Wt (Kkmquk Inn D 2/0; Ekimo S63 Lbrdo O 7852; w Pgmy . Indans US 6-S57 ld min in, US 9-161 Cenl America C 5 61 znd O 965; S/63) Honrica DO Yucaan (Man rin, US / W Inds D /47; Caibn slnds CS 4/60 Cu 4/ Sou Ameca W n, US 359 merld in, US 1 2- 2 61 1 1 /60; mzon ungl DO 77 US Bitis uina O 9-1/52; nd (nn rui O 4/9; ncn min US 6859; iliri DO 11; Cu de Co Indin "ut Cp in, US 91 16 2; Volcani Dna .1 wn , O ; Butop US 35 a mmui in, CS /6 3 Spi from, US 5/65
f
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Asia Ab US 26; Pri (Ancn ciy o a F DO 50 il in, US 3/6 ) ; Bgd U 7 gbad (pta o attn U na J an US 1/; Ma o 8ackdore 4/4 Maaaja of Singinore US 35/55 Rajah of Foo sore, Mahajh of owdun C 3/) Hlas (Unicorn n, D 0; Moe pradise of Talla L US 6-/ Abominab Snow n Hnd sh mounins, US 6 u.st s Faba ksha n (Ban os n, 1 1 2 Sia ia Civil W a n, C ; ng rver �ncien cty of Tangko Wa, US - Unseadyan (Cvl Wa n, US ouh ysa US /6 ter Auli Abori) 547, - 1 1 /5 5, US 3; South ea slan US S 12, CS Haai lands 1 54; ungle o
acele s Peole US 3/; Aeolan ountans GG
3/60
46
ruen ouri will brin w rin which h can reaily exchange or uantitie o native eelry. The savaes are extrariarily receptive; they accept any kid of gift, whehr it so artifact of civilization, or money, and they wil l even, in th lat reso , accep t the return of their own reasures, a log as it is in the form of a gif. They are disiterested and ve geeros. Clery who ar tired of dealig i with spoiled jvei e deliqents, ith some goo olfashioed missionary n workrelax amog primiti ves uto uched y ristianity. Yet tey a re wi i g to give up every in g mat eria l EVERHING EVERHING So they are an iehstile fot of richs nd treases which the cot . hey are sperstitios ad im agitive. ihot petesios to erditio, w may dri thm as e typical nobe v efered to Christopher Colmus, JeaJacqu Rouea, Marco Polo, Riard Nixon, William Shkpee ad Qeen Victoria. AM US E M E NTS. he pr imiti ve s sin g, ance, and sometimes for a chage, have revoltions. The ted to u any mechanical oc t y ou mi ght rig ith you ( telephoe, watch, guns) s a toy. 9 LANUAGE No nd for an interpre ter or phase ook. Almo all o them speak lue t Duckish. And if you have a small cild with you, don't worry, h will get on ine with tho other little naives whose laguage tens to the ayish in, with a preference for tural. 1 . ECONOM IC BASE Suisten eco om y eep, fish, and fruit. Som etimes, they sell ing When the oasion arises ey manuacture ojects for e rit ade: don't y tem, for you can get them, a more, for free, by trickig them. ey sho an exraodinary at chmet to the e art h, ich reders them vn more natura Abundance reign. They o ot need to prdce They are model consumers. erhaps their happine is due to the fact ha thy do't ork. 1 . POLII CAL STR UC TUR E The tour i much o hi tase In he ill fid th ver alolihic, raric grop o oples, here i a ural democrcy. All are equal, except the kin o i more equal than the other his reders iv il lirties ngtory: executiv, legislative an ical poers are fd in oe. or i ere any necessity for voting or newspapers. Every i i shared, a in a Diseyland clu, if we y permited he mpariso and the kig
o no have ny ral athority or righs, yon hi title, any more an a general in a Diseyla clu, if e may e prmitted aother comparison It is this democra which isti qishs the paleolithic gop from the secod group, with is anciet, deerate cultures, where the kig holds ulimite poer, t also lives der the cost fear of overrow. For ttely, however, his ative sjec suffer fom a rathe the crios eak alas aig to reiitte ach. None, ecau they live i a RELIGION. ad ost or a true Garen of Eden efor the all. 1 . NATIONAL EMBLE Te molls, of the iverterate family. 1 NAIONAL OLOR mmaclate whit. 1 5 NA TIONAL ANIMAL. The sheep, as lo as it is ot lost or lack. 1 6 MAGICAL PROPE RTI ES. Tho se who have ot had the great good o rtune t o he een there, may fid this rhaps he mos importat and most difficult spect o ll, ut i rprees he very ee of the nole savage and he reason why he has en left y pree rence in a rela tve ly ackwad state, free from the conflic ttig comporar society. Bein in clo commion with the atural evironment, e vage is ale o radiate atural oodns, and alute ethical prity. Unkown o hi mself, e nsituts a sou rce of rmaen t o consantly reneal sanctity Jut there exist reservs of ndians an of ilderness, why houl there no reserv of moraliy ad in nonce? mehow, his morality an innonce will uee, without chaing the technologized sociies, in saving humaiy Thy ar re emption itself. They never die. 1 7 FUNERAL RTES. Our orvant readr will have oiced the si mil arities twe en t he nole sava ad tho other vages lled ildren. ave we at ast encoed the tr u chi ld in Disey's comics, in he gise of the innon bararian? there a parallel we h socially uner developed people wo liv in hs vas islad an plateaux o ignoran, and the cildren who ar undereveloped beca use of hei r youg a ge? Do ey no oth share magical pracices, innocece, aivet, that natral dissition o a lost, chatened, enevole humaity Are no both eqally defenles ore ault force and gile?
The comics, elabrated by and fr t nar ssisti c paent, adpt a viw f t i de wic is te s s ir viw ei ird Wr u. tis s r oble savage diffrs r r i in t he is nt rn py a tenal, ult vaues Laci In ini ing, discipline ci k cholgical skills ps e li iy l (and t cimuks Li W, B he denizens f Dukur's rin deness), the primitive asus te ulitis f ildhood as cniv by e cis (in ocence, ignoranc, etc) witut having as the gateways and addrs laing ut d Hee the i cs avy, t fg de ends n te whirl f is any drss bal ceptio is burd as t w is w; wn a cild ee the child is ult, n e adu, f we accept tat e savae is the tru cid, e what o the little f of Dukburg esent? Wat e te differenes and simi ities betwen them he city ids ae nly cildren in apearace h- pssess te pysc sape ad staure o ile, teir initi eenc, ti us ood faith, their scolrm bligatins, and metimes, thei toys ut as we have seen, they l epeset the foce wich jdges and c ts dlt eros ith dlt atinales n tity h o of the fywo episodes in wich old qarels with his nephews, it is e latte ho i the ight Only in fu, n th e d (eg in the ricsters iced") is it he ite oes who transgress te ws ult · io n re prrly punised fr aving ted lie children ittle Wolf, in tirty i sodes, can d n wrng, in view f th fc tat is athe is big and bad, blac and uy: he ays teaces his ter a lessn wnver te tte fals instinivly into the path f wknss nd cime is pysia fe the nly tue male paen in mis nfirms ur tsis nce mre he is t vand ws pwr nt being egitimated by Disney's prper adut * This pattern is epeated in Disney films with juvenile actors (e.g thoe starrig Hayley Mills) F r a interpretation free of the foralsm f Vladimir Propp's trral aalyss (Moholie du Conte , Sl aris s amo othrs th dis cveries of Mar Soriao Les Cons Perralt: cultue savnte et adt/ns poplar, Galmard Paris 1968, an "able Rode sr es l conts de Prrat" Annale (Paris ma-in
values, will always b mcked Equally significant is e name f Samp's nural fer ramp But te tru fatr f Sap is is uma wnr n eign u wy advenurs, we in t cipmunks Ci n De making fun t bunrs n frus f e ults (Dn Big Bd Wf, rer Bar Brr Fx, and re s). n e ter , wr tey misve, ty get a drubbing Gus a Ja, n Pt Pn: n ur pr in e igt Gofy is na a st ar f du lssns i n cildis muts e is always wrg, becase he laks ut inllua aturity ut it is i Micky Mu, Disny's preie creati, that cildi and ature traits r best econcild is this p rct miniatu e u t this cild dteive tis paladin f lw nd decency, rerd in his ueents d disdered i his prsnal abits (rr iminy ricet, he awkwad keer f Pini's conscience) who expifis the synthsis and symbisis whic Disney pd, ucnsciusly, to transmit ut as tr charactes appeared he syntesis split apar giving is t the cicar patte of s bstitutin f te cild taig ove fom the adult Disy di nt invnt tis cte i is ted i the solled popul tales d legends, i hich eseachers hve detected t cyclical smme btwee fath d so The youngest in the family, fo istce, o the litte izrd o wodctte, is subject to pate thoit, but possesses poes of etlition d egulation, wich are invribly lined to his bility to that is, is cning ee Pea, Andersen, Grimm Now that we ave sen e dut roe of te child, we are in a bttr psiio to nderstand the presence o te svages witi this world hei pemnent roe is t fil te gp eft b the small cildshped urbans st as the latte are euired to fill te ap left by te adut spd urbans en tey cease to ct es ponsiby So there ae tw typ f childe Whie the cityfl ae inteligent, calcatig, cfty, ad , superir t ird Wrldlings are candid, folish iratial, disoganized and gullible (li Cowboys and dians) he fist e spiit, move in he sphere o ideas he second bdy , in ert mat ter, mass e fome epresnt th future, he latt the past Nw we why the ban is a nstant on understand the move, ovethoig the gow
47 ever time the how i g s of ifatile reae. The repacemet is egimae d eces sary, case this esre tat there b o re h a ge E ve r thig cotiue a bfor e t doest matter f oe at be he rgh ad the oher i the rog, a log the rues sa he ame his c oy happe i he sefod ad of Duckburg Th o y of hese city ope cdr
be creatres who corresond to
ad dus ak h rspc to he ds of cv i a io m ury d echca s k h wh ich each me hey frot he ord of �tre is proof aw of e reemiece of adul vau Dckburg The childsavages hve o chce to rticie, ad th repace he mooihic boc of sragers from the city The former ca oly accept the gerot of the later ad gve them the wealth of heir ads. Thee rehm a are detied to r e mai i hei r ilads, arresed i a eteral tate of re ifacy, chidre who are not lke the ehew dck, a preext for the rojetio of adlt vae$ Their ara virte, which s iform a fixed, rereets the eiig a en d of time, he reFa a ostjdgement Paradise, the fot of goodess, atiee, jo and innocence. The eistence o he nobe vage constits a araee hat there wi alway b hildre, ad that the ephe wil have someone to reace them a he grow p (eve i the new chidren have o be or by oexa means) their assimatio of "serior vales, the rban ougsters auomaicaly loe many of the aitie hch adlts mot admire i chilr tell igece ad cui g threat e th e traditioal im age of e imme a trsti chld who trasforms au ightmares io prifie a erfumed dreams. he chdres trics, alhough
ch o os adu t cu i g o defa the com pio mg out o top, geig rewar gog p or ese, folow the child nobe savage who jus stays ad ever wi athig Th oy way out of childhood is o reviosly ma ked ot the adlt, ad camofae with ioce a tit. It's the only way to go,
the are dmssed as raks, aso arke the image of srcal erfectio, of a world (a ltimay a savatio beyond the tant o sex moe The father wats the hil to e hi w refectio, be made i his ow image. hile he tres to chieve immotalit throgh ffsprig who ever tradct him (and are mo oo i ed him jut as Disney monooizes h is moos) *, he imlaeol wa them to
· "monos
=
onkeys, or catoon caacs (Tans.)
h iealize image of ope a miive childhoo whih he the ca immobiie a freee ito a potograph o he maleiece The adlt wat a chld who whe he/she grow up, wi faithfu reproduce ad deed upo the as. hs the chidreader has wo aterative before hmher to mods of behavior: either foo h duckg ad simiar wil creares,
son Thi diviio is not gronded in mysticism or meahysics Th e yearn ig for rit oe ot arie from any need for a savation one might term reigios It is as if the father did not wish to contine dominating his own fesh his own heirs ei that hi son s none bt himself, th e father erceves himself simtaneously as dominator and dominated, in a manfestaton of h i own nrelenting nternal reression In hs attem t to b rea the nernal c rce to fe e from hmsef he searches for another beng to o m nat e someone with w hom h e c an e noy a git-free olarization o feeing an a clear defintion of who is the domnated and who is the domi nato. Whi e the son safey grows up and ado his fathers vaues, he continues to reress the other chid who never chanes and never protests: the nobe savage In order to ecae fro the sadomasochistc conflct with he estalishe a his wn son and his own being urey sadistic reationshi with that other being th e "harmess, innocent nobe savage H eeathes to hi o a satisfactorily immutable
word his own vales and wellbehave savages who wi accet them withot comlainng Bt it is time, est or own analysis al victim to circarity to look beyond the confines of the family strcture Does there not lur perhaps something else behind tis father-nobe savae relatonshi?
na (akn wc cr n Arca:
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"I y y'r a nan Ha anepn? Wc cr Ha w epne I c r a a n y rb ny a wr I' a I n w r n ank. (T R 106 US 9/6 )
ray anm naban a cnz cnrm wh Dny nn w Ec ren cnry a a kn m wn r nan y nynar n m n cnry k Cba r V am a nr n n cnc w Un S a Dny C c branmark may am pn n rr mak rnary r aar bana h e arn mak rnar rn an b n ak m rn a ane mazn Tr ar w rm kn y macne a accarn Dey n c nn n e an e merey rce m n prper m. Can em a ar n pr m m n eca an r ana aa an n n a n ny Accrn Dny nre ar crn ra a c an y n' a nn m y a r an akn wn an n a ankn a ac m! Wn me d ab c /nb aa
Wr zcan Wr IncaBnca? Wr Unayan? Tr n n a Azcan xc mracn a a pr y he cre- c m a c cac me n ee mhm an n m c cn e ry ee p ma ry n rm eq m re an aceyp emy ep r perca n eye peje w c rr n A ecan e man ary na me m a mc a er Dny T ec rcnza y mmnpa ec eny a n re ec w a prm a k rn erre US an b mHwDneya ce nm r a ar ma c n
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he ild -adults w o arie wit tei ci iation ad tenology, and te cldnoble savae o aept ti alie autoty ad suede ter es, sads eealed as an exa repica of the elaions etween metropolis and sateite, be wee empire and olony, teen mater and slae Ts we find e metropolans not oly seaig for teasues, b also sellg te natie mcs (lke oe of Disney), o teac tem te ole aiged o tem by te domiant ra re ss Uder the sgge ste tle "Bette Gl e han Fore, Doad departs for a Pafi atol o rder o t ry o s e fo r a o t, ad e n s loaded wh dola rs, li ke a den sness yoon. Te etrepeer a do tter han e missionary or e amy he worl of he Disey om s selfpubizg esing a roess of ethsas yig ad seing ee ts ery pages Eog of geneales. Examples an roofs. Aong all te ildnoble saaes, oe s oe exaggeated s fantism tha Gu, te Aomnabe Snow Ma (TR 113 US 6-8/56 e Lo st Cro w of Geghis Ka : a a n ess ee lemin Mongolan type (lig y a stang oiidee , in the Hmalayan Hd Ksh mo as amog yellow peoples e s reated like a hl e s an abomnabe hosekper, lng a mesy ae, te wort of aste, littered h eap tikets and waste Hats et, yig arond hi he ha o u for Vula, unii e, e speaks a able of natiuate bay oss G t e s ao itess, aing toen he goden jeweled cron of Gegs Kan h belongs to Sooge y rte of etai e re operatios of i agents), wto haing ay idea of its ale He as oed te crow For the teme of pysi a l suedeveopm en with . the co notio of exua teat e Eddge Ceave, Soul on Ic, 196 .
a core like a oal ucket, and prefers Ucle ( U I s hs Srooge's wath ale, oe dollar faote y") Nee md, for s stpdty makes it easy for us o get away! Ule rooge does ndeed manage, magically, o exhage te heap atfat of lzaio whih es k ok for te row Ostales are oerome one G (i o ldmos ro s a al der deeloped Td Worldlg ealzes ha they oly wa o ake somehg tha s of o se o hm ad ha exhage he wll e ge a faasi � ad ys eris ee of enoogy (a wa th wh he an se as a playtng Wha s ex rated s gold , a raw aera l; he w o sr �edes s mentaly derdeeloped ad hys ally oedeeloped he ggat physqe of G, ad of all e oher margal saages, s he oel of a hsal egh sed only for pysial labo * Sh a esode efles he aer elao sh esalsed wih e aes y he rs o q s ad o s a d o oze rs (n Af a As a Amera ad Oeaa soe ke e od of ehologal seo Eroea or o Amea) s exhange fo gold (spes ory ea, et) he nae is relee of someg he old eer hae hogh of sg fo himself or as a meas of xhage Ths s a exeme and almos aeo example he mmo stff of ohe ypes of o book (eg te ternaionally famos Tn tn n b t y e Belgian Herg� leaes e abomale creatre hs esial odo, ad hs nale to ee r to ay kind of eoo t hs partila of fatle e greio sands a e boderle of Dseys nole saage le Beyond les e foes saage, whh for reasos of sexal rder Dsney anno se
Le he reader fee a we are snnng oo ie a hread n esabng a a bween meoe wo car n xn for a ecaca rnke n xrcg w maera from a noroc c o eween yca dn o now addc � x ey' srgy n rcares as bc s o ever hs a e s of r bkn
foowg daoge enses Pg: Her ye ear ye ' pa yo oos some ary prces for yor wg Se me a yo a! Na: ee Rc rader bye e or od ead ngrs" Ano na: y e rang a o y ! oy o n y e b
he foowng n whc pro qoon n s er yc xe o ie cona a n s se e a e frcn ndence ons nad has arace no a conry n e fcan jne re a I e cs A c oor (w scces c o s c rmve msk res: In ne nn of Kooo Coco fy boy Ts s or c cy I s of ree saw s ad so ng acs When Dond nqres a s re peoeon, e wc docor xans: Wg T be ay da abss bng
o c s s ecs scaer a fw n s y naes e ay o so, roc n cny gaer e money Esew en e g oy ress a Poynesn naes o c Dona y c e sa knd of o: Yo se or es e be yr s n s o e er An d as ey rosae ses o oeres: Tey ae naes oo a cze 423): Anoer exae eca r D Dona eaes for Congo a case crooge' bsness ee as e on bady. T reaso s a e ng odere sbjec o o ge sas sens s year. e
ack from Und Naons" e a g n onad ans and s e ws eoe scn he wabos of eney dcs
wans eeryone o n oer s money o " Dond con sefsness An s o ork Dn ak sef kng,
, s t 'R UP DAT NC ! HAVE Y U GOT
HAVE WE G 1lf ?
B I LY O S wr � ! r A H e T RL N .
1
be in g ake f a gea magc a n h fl ies hough he sk ies The l monac h is ehone beause he is n a ise ma like u [Dnld ] He e s em us b u e sen Donal aes he co iendig o ecm as son s he sk s sl u M fis mmn d s king i s bu e sen s f o ou famili and on give u kig a n" The l king h ne he mone o leave he ount nd ea wha he fanie insead f he fish heas hih ee aiinall his sle ie Reenan he mises ha gven ahe han e, he will gove bee a I ill fin a a someho avid eaing hagasl se Donald ( he eole) A I assue u ha I leave he hone in g hans You l king is a g o king a ise ha e foe" The eole Hua ng ive he King!" The king has leane ha he mus all himself ih feignes if he shes sa in oe, a ha he anno even imp axes he ele becaus e h is ealh mu s p ass hl l u f h cu Duckbug hugh he ag f cDuk Fuheme, h sags f a
R L MAGIC ! Y PEO
AR UG H IN LKE C D .
AL lr I F YOU GVE S R �DM.
sluin he blem f h kgs bem alleviae his sense f alenan hin his cun, a his cseu esie avl he melis, he aan f he massive mai f onsume gs D o bu ha f sas Dnal, I ll sen u me sauces hih ll mak v fish heas alaable e king sams glfull u a The same fmula is eeae ve an ove aga oge exhanges ih h adia Iians gaes f usless seel f g aes f pu g ld TR 1 1 7) Mb Duc k an Dal (0 453) capue b he Aiias Aabs) sa bl
Mb hads v h Fl Flp eg ae gh m fe Whenev u a a ll leasue, us u u sm magc p a ce h magc h s s h n ha s cssa f Dal cv h Pams h psall beaus, as Dal Wha e pam f av BGl ach h a c avs cs ach bc h maufacue a f h h
sa p bu bb le sha i h beak hic hhen he u a v s chae Ha The ach hem Hee hee iGl h if a s eal magi M pele a laughg l c ln he ca magin h i ks I's nl a sece passe fm enean g eain sas Mob " il l val i f u gv us ou feedm Civiliai s sene as smhing nomehesibl amise b feigs) Th hief ama clam e m Thas all Ill gve u Gl eels easue is us if u val h sc The A abs cns en he l ai n 'e have eels bu he ae f us e o us The n' make ou laugh ike magic bubbles While Dnal snees smple
asfc ch fb civila v hm fac p h a mafs f ac h chlg h a fll h lh v u fecs ems cul hal f h u f suh an exchang h c a fisful f ls b ge as uval a b f sap gle c ul cheap ach ll bec ha hs f ba all a bu s fua h h a f maga a l laall fv hs h cm f us h e a ublsh h maga Bu h ca his flaga pl pa ucve he s h ca h eu b s�s as u W h
i cid et all y also es to pom ote sales O atin America coties come tash cas being nnly reained for he voeriic and orgiaic leare of he eroolitan naion Every dy hi ery me eleviio radio gaine ewaers cartoons ew at fl cloing an rrd fro he dignie gab of hory exbk o h riv o dail onveron all onb o weakening he nrnaonl lidriy of e ored. We
he diseases o te sstem e maes o may leel The artist ho shates the habits o viio iod by he mas media who atack he er an nerie hi sabiliy is diied a a ee eccetc who hapens o at colors o word i the win The genis s olaed fom rel l ife and all hi s atem ps to recoile realiy ith its aetheic reresentato ar e er ali ed. He is carica ted in Gofy who · wis he first prie i the pop art est by
atin ri r rd fro e oher by the vion we ave aqired of eah othr va he omis and he oher as cltre edia This ision is noing les tha or o redced ad dsoed iage This grea acit ol oerflowig ith the iches of ereope is based o commo lich o ha o one needs o go direcly to sorces of informato gatheed fom reality itself Each o caies ith a oy Scot andbook packed th the ommoplae isdom of Everan otadictos florsh hoee ad ths s otnae Whe hey beome so blaan as to
lidig razily hrogh a arking lot overing paint s ad creatig aos 99 1167) Amidst the ast ash that he has ge e a te d Goof y cr es: Me [th e ie ! Garsh I ast ee tyi g d at loses ts ofesve haate: "is se is eas ok last a ea moey ad hae n at the ame tme ad o oe gets mad a me. The pbli has o reason to b disoeted by these masterieces he bea o elato o thei lives onl he weak a tpd deote themselves to tat kid of sort he same thing happens ith he hippies loveis and ace mahes. I oe episode R 40 S 1 263) a
ostitte in pite o meroolta pres nws is iposible to manai the same old ffled soryline he open coflit a no loge be concealed by he same folas as the sita io whch althogh iherenty coltie is ot yet explosive eogh to b sidered nes ohy
gag of iate peole obsere he ay the ae lmped togethe) mah faatically by oly o be decoed by oald toads hs lemoade stad with e shot 'Thee's a thisylooking grop Hey people tho dow yo es ad hae ree lemoades! ttg peace asde they deend onald like a herd of bffa
HE ' A 1 RSTY LK IN OU P ! EY, P L TH RO WN YOU R BAN E C AN D
1AV FRE L MON DS ! .
57
l e m tt e So o cat tst tee a tc hes fom te oe's p aadise.' Te tle fo poe is pel pesoal the ecce ticit of ambitio "Hai to Wah eeg Rhat dicto of all the happ people goes the c a d sto voce app o ot Defedig hs coqest the dictato gives odes to ill "Shoo t im dot let him spoil m revoution " T e savio i this tic sitato is Pi Ca Mi ng also ow [ t he Spaish ve sio ] as
eole e et e to t mp ecae te solie efe to oe te oes of a leae o ha los is ca isma o s ot "Ca Mg. S oe gella odes wh te eep these �ll evoltios goig foeve " othe deos tem demadg a et to te Kg e te ood old das ode to oe te cicit ad te allace ete e D c a d i ce C a Mi g Scooge McDc peset to Usteadta the
Yho So [1 am the Eglsh is So h ee ames expessve of hs magical egoceticit He comes to enify the t ad aci te
tease a d te jade elepat hich oce ad eloed to the people of that cot. Oe of the ephews oeves The will be of se to
6 �
RE B L D I , YOU '
FI GH N SETA lMf !
ITS N N
P m ME! , Bl ' M
HW YOU CAN ' i 1E "WOS' PARD E !
I
O W UP D LY l J
l � V J G Lb
59
the chld with the noble savage ad the noble savag wih the underdeveoped ppes It s so - and ere s he crx of the ma te r h wat s said, referred to revealed and dsgsed ut al of em, has in fact nly one true object: the working c . The imagin ative world of he chl has beme e pal upa o a a la.I n
te Dsney i ne neer mees mer f te woring r prrn les, n nn is the prduc f n ndusril prss B ts does not mean th the worker is abnt On e contrary e s present uner o masks of the noble savae and tat of the crmnaumn oth grops serve to destro he worker as a cla reaty and preserve certan myths whih the bourgeoise ave rom the very gnnng been fabricating and adding to n order to con ceal and domestcae he enemy mpede hs sol darty and make hm fncton smoohy hn the system and cooperate n hs own deologcal eslavement n order to ratonalze ther domnance and sty ther prvleged poston the bourgeoise dvded te word of e domned as folos rst the asant se ctor wch s hrmless at ra l tru thf l ngen o us s pon an eo s nantle and static; second the rban sector hch is threatening teemng drty sspcios calclang, ebtered vicous and esseniall oble The peasnt acqures n ths process o ythfcaton the exclsive ropey of in "oplar and coes nstalled as a ol ardn o everythin prodced and preserved b the pe ope Far from e nfl en ce of he steamng rban centers he s pured hrogh a clcal retrn to the primitive vrts of the ah T myth of the people as noble save the eople as a chd who mst be protected for t s o go d aro se n order to justfy the dnaton of a ca he peasants were the l ones capable o becomng ncontrovertble ehcles for he permanent validt of bourgeos deas J uven He lera re fed on these popuar ths and served as a constant llegorcal tst o ny to what the peole were spposed to b Each great rban cvlizaton (Alexandria for eocrts Rome for Vrg, the modern er or Sannaaro Monemayor hakespeare Cervantes 'Urf ) crea ed its psoral my an etrscia l E de chaste and pu Together wh ths agelcal bucolism there emerged a pctresqe lteratre teemng wth rfas vagabonds
gamblers glttons etc who reveal the tre n at re o r ba n m an; mo ble de gee r te rredeemabe The world as dved eween the lay heaven of the shepherds and the terrestral nferno o the nempoyed At te same tm e topan lteratre lorshed Toms More Tommaso Campanella) projectng nto he tre on he bass of n optmis fosered by echno logy and a pessimism restn from the breakdon of mediel unty e etic realm of social perfection The rising breoise, whch gave the necessary momentm o e voys o scovery fond nnumerable opes who theoret cal ly correspo ded to th er astoraltopa schemata ther deal o versal Chrstan reason procamed by Erasmian hman sm Ths the dvson beten posve o p I a r rstc and egatveopuarproletaran was over helmin l rei nfor ce he n ew con tnents re coloned n the name o ths dvson to prove that remed from orinal sn and mercantlst tant thse cotnents mght the ste for the deal hstory whc the boroise had once magined for temselves at home n deal hisory whch as rined and threatened by the stant opostion o the de flthy teemn promscos and extor tonary proletarians n ste o the ai l re n Lat Amer ca, n ste o the falre Afrca Oceaa and n Asa the myth never lot ts vtalty On the con trary t served as a costant sr n te only cotr whc was abl to develop t stll frther openg the froter ther and her the United tates elaborated the myh and eventaly ave bh to a Wa o Le and deolog shared b the nernal sney A man who n tryng to open and coe the roner o the childs mgnation bad hmsel precsely on thse nowantqated yths whch gave rse to hs ow contr. The hstorcal nostalga o the borgeosie so ch te prodc o ts obectve contradctons t s con flicts w th the pr ole tariat the df cultes arisn from the idtral reolton as the mth was always beed and always renewed ths ostala too on tsel a twofold ds se one geogrphcal the lost paradise whch t cod n ot enjo a nd the other bologcal the chl d who wo ul d serve to legtm ze ts ans for human emancpaton Thre as no other place to lee unless t was to that other natre tech nolog The earnn o a cLha the rophet o
80
the ecnologial ra, o us mss ommaon a a ms f rig o "p vllg (modd up "p munism f udp w) ig bu op of fu w a nolga of ps. Ag e r e u n b , dg x o z aiay egn, y kp i i wm of eir dios ad jf. D hcer ar afd f gy a
impiios; e nr flly cp i pf pas. ML s mo fsgd: udsads a o p ogy as as f pa is so w masm n sag of s sag B s i as q w p p a s m w pdg a gd l s is? Me
"If I were able to produce money wh my
ce i pctr Aer gret dvturs d
blackdesert mgc oldn't be wud n th I? mddl o the lookg or god, Mgca de Spel TR 111) hat are thes dvturers escpng from ther clstrohobc ctes realy aer? What s th re motve her ght from h urba ceter? Btl sad: more tha seveny-v percent of our sampg they ar lookng for g ld n the remnng tenyfve percen hey r co m etng o r or tue in the or o ny or fame te cty. hy shoud god rtczed evr sCe h gnnng of a monety ecoomy s nton o h uman rat ons nd the orrup i of umn nture mngl here wth the cene o the nobe sve (hld nd peopl)? hy shoud gold he fru o urbn mmerce d nury fo so fey rom ese rustc nd natua noments? The nsr to hese quons ls n he ner n whh our erhly pradse genraes l l ths r wet I t comes abo a n th orm o ddn rasure I s to be found n the Thrd Word
st gcls hadr tr frs dtig disl s d h r r h r cse s' hs ide ilchd r s lses ap) h d Dckburgers ppr pr h dls igrs jls crs rls n e k laces rbis erld s pr cs dgg rs glde helts c Frs ll w r strck h antiquity th cvted obec hs la rd r h sands o yers wthn caverns runs pyrads co ers sun ken shps vkng ombs et c th s pace wih vestges cvlzd l th pas T seprts th rsr fr s rg rs ho hve euethed ths ue hrit ge h utur Frtheror his elh is let who hers; despe hir ttal pver th bl savg s take o tere st i th go d boundng s ner the n the se th s beneath the ree tc) Thes ct civil zins r vsd Dse hve c t somwh ctsrophic d hl il s xtrnated rs cnsant dea pl or vr h dg the r t rea sre f or . . or h ? Dsey convennty expos h sposd tal destructo pst cvlzs rdr o crv
d s prchment magay ponted out by a some an nhernce rrow ora ncent
ss bewee h c rstd hatas d h prevos bt csrl
4
tch Magica de Sel, o exae, wic cea tes te god Tis k ind o · i , d ist i lle d fom te den tenogy, is eey a paaste uon nte. an annt nteeit te ealth. He has to get it toug se te chamed su ce, t e nat a l one, in wi e es nt ave to inteVene, u ony de. Examle. Dnald and neew, wed y Magca (T R D sea te ainbws end, eind wi acoding to te l nd s idden a gden ot, te ie t o atue (T US - Ou hees do ot xactly find the mthial teasue, ut etun ith anothe kind o "ot o d at m mecal pofits How did ths aen? Unle oe's aiplane loaded wth en sees, a cently inseminate the Not Ain det, and wen Magia de Sel ovke a ainstm, t h i m utes the woe aea e a ocha o lemon tes. The seeds (i.e . ideas) com fom abo, magic o accident sows them, a t he usless, u dede vel ed dese t sil m ak thm o Cm o ys ces Donad, t's stat picking lemons. And take them to the
qu ay ffo whatseve to make Natu is th at lao foce, oducn ojcts f huma ad socal utiliy as f they we natual The uman oigi n f te odc t be t ta e, hou, ca, cloting, gold, coee, wheat, o maze (whch, accoding to TR 96, comes o g ect om waehouses, athe tha fom the feld s has be en sues sed The ocess poducion as een eliminated, as has all eeence to its genesis te tos, te objets the cicumstanes o te ocess neve existed Wat, in act, as been easd s the atenty of the oect, and te ssibility to lnk t to th ocess o duction hs bngs us ack to th cuos Dsey amily stuctue with the asence of natual pa e n i ty Th e sim lneus lack of i ect bi o ogial oduion and diect economic poduo s t coincidental hey both concde and einfoce a ominant ieological stctu hh also ses to eimate the wok class th tu poduce of obects th t, th class stue sney excses histoy macally pll
to to selL Wok is mnmal and a leasue th po fit s temendous. s ds nt appen only in distant pes, bt also n Duckbug, on ts beaces, woods, and outas. Donald and Glastoe, fo eamle (D CS 5/59) go o a eaccoming ex pton to se who comes u with the most aluabl f to give to Daisy and win h copay fo lunch. The sea washes p successly, hg sashlls a iant snail a "ey valua bl ancient Inan seashll neklace, u boats (oe ach o Glastone and Donad), a ubbe elehant loaded wit toica uits papayas an manges, an Alaskan kayak, a
th scally (a bilocally epo lt laving amophous otless an fsve p oduct s it hout s we at tht bloo without eot, an wthout th mse hch thy tably so th lf f th k class The obect poc s tl fantastc; t s uge of uplat assocatos hich a leate to a vsbl backod f ay sodd slumland lvn Dsney uss th m agnatio of th chld to eadcat all fc t th eal wld. The pos of hst hch ole ad pevade th wl of Dsy a cessantly ugt and sold But Dsey has appoate these ducts a the ok wch
mo and an onamenta cmb. The sea is a oucopa; geeus natue shwes aundance upon man and n t Thd Wold, natu does so n a aticuay extic fm. n an ynd Duckbug, t s aways natue that mediates btw man and eath. It s suely undeniable owadays tat all man's eal and oncete achievemen deive om hs r and s wok. Althug natue vides the aw mateia ls a n must s uggle to make a l vi ng om tem If tis we e not s o, w woul stll e in Eden In te wld isney, n ne as to wok in ode to e. ee is a onstant ond
bugt them nt being, ust as t bougeois has appop at th uc ts a la of t woking cla The situato s an ideal n f the ougeosi thy t th pduct thot th woke s Even to th o t when on th a occasion a factoy oes apea (e.g a beey i T the s neve m tan oe oka ho seems to be actn as caetake. s ol appeas t lttl moe tha that of a olicema potctg th autonomos an at mated fact of his bo. Tis s th ld t bou oise have always eamed of wc a man can amass eat wealth, without acing ts oduc and odut: the oke
buyi ng, sel l ing and nsming, ut to a a peaans, nne te odus invoved as
Oects ae clea sedteoslghtest u il t sspico It s a wd ue supls thot o a of
;
5
wo r ker deman din g the sli ghtest rew ard The proletariat bor out of the contradictio of the bourgeoi regime, ell ther labor "freely to the higet bider, o traforms te laor ito wealth for his on social class. I te Diney orld, the proleariat are expelled from the soiety tey reate, tu edng all atagom coflt, la trggle ad indeed, te very o cept of oal la Diey's i a orl of ur geoi teret ith the cracks n the struture re peat edly papere d over I n the imagiary realm o Disey the roy publicity fantay of the bour geoisie i realized to perfection: wealt ithout wages deoorat itout seat Gol becomes a toy and the haracters who play th it re mug ilren; aer all, the ay the world go e, the y aret doi g ay harm to anyoe wth ha orld But in this orld there i harm i dreamig an realiig the rem of a rticular clas, as if it were the ream of the whole of humaity There is a term which would be like dynamite o ney li ke sapul ry to a ampire, li ke ele ctriity conul sn g a rog social cl as hat is hy publicie hs crall home eatio a s neralisey beyodmut frotier they reach hey reac all countries immoal Disey, in ernatioal patrmoy, reachig all chilre eerywhere eerywhere everyhere Marx had a or - fetish ism for t he pr o ess ich separate te product (accumulated ork) from it srci ad expresses it gol bstracting it from te ctua circumtance of routio It as Marx who diovered tht be nd his gold and siler te captalist coceal e whole process of accumulation hich he ciee at the orker expene (surplus lue) e wors precious metals gold d ilver are ued to hide from the orker the t tht e beg robed, an tat the capital �t is no mere aumulator o ealth ut te ap ropriator of the prout of oal productio e traformato of te orer laor to ld fool him ito believg that it is gold ich is the tre geerator o ealth ad ource o f prodution fe, the upreme fetish, old in um, is a n d i n o rd er f o r th e t r u e o r i g i o f w e al th to m i n co aled , al l soial re l a t o ns , all p eo ple a re
ftishzed.
Si n ce gol is the actor, irector and producer i.
of
th i s flm , um a n ty is red u ce d t o t e le v el o
j t i n g . O bj ects poss es s a l if e o f th ei r ow , an d
ducts n or its p roo o f th e
c ontro l neithe r its p ro � O wmn anty d e ti y . T e D i e y u iv e re s
i
ern oerene o the worl rule by gol nd n ec relecion o the poltical eign it reprouce Nature by taking oer huma produton mak it eaporate ut the product remain What or? To be conumed Of te captalit pro cess which goes from proutio to con sumption, Disney kow only the eo< stage hi is conumption d of the srcal i of production just as the son is ri of te oiginl si n o sex represeted by hi father, ad ut a histor is rid of the srcinal si o clas ad con lict Let us look at the ocial tructure the Diney comic For exmple the profeion In Duckburg everyone seem to belong to the ter tiar ector, that is, those who sell their ser ice hairdressers rel estate an tourist aces, alepeople of all kin (epeially hop aitants elling sumptuary obet, d eors going from oortodoor nightwatchmen waiter d el iery boys a d people attached to the entertanment buiness hee ll te orld with objects ad more obect which are ever roduced but always purhased here is me· con stant repetition of the ct of buying ut tis cantile reltionship i ot lmite to the level o obects Cotractual language permeates the mot commonae orms o human itercourse People see themseles uying each other serie, or ellig themseles It is a f the only eurity were to be foun in the laguage o money All h u man interchange is a for m of commerce people re l ke a pu re, an object i sho p win ow or coins constntly changg hnd It d eal hat the e ye doe snt s ee you can take for fr ee I hould p at ent t ht sayig You must he pent a oue o ths paty, onald Thee are explcit example, it geerally implcit that all actiity revole around mo y tatus or th e tatusgiv ig o et, the HIS W L CT ME A P� 6 ND ' YO UR JB" !
66
metto fo them The ol of Walt i wich eey od ate omething or omebody i unde an ine comulsion to consume Te Disney iso hadly tascend consumesm en it is ate upon ellig tself alng wit oter me haie les o te c c are tere b te ocalle Dneylan Clubs wic are eal ete in te comc and are nancd b om cial ms wo oer cut pr ices t em Te absu ascent rom crral to general ght u to cefsta acee ecluel hogh te purca of Disnlan cmcs and ning n the coun t oes no beneft cet the ncetie to cotiue buying e magazine The olidarity hich it appeas t po ote amog eaers smly taps tem n te y ing habit Surely it i ot go for childen to sur e ttiously injected th a ermanet com lio to buy object thy do't eed Th s iey' ole ethcal code: comton oumpton sake Bu to kee the ystem o thro te thg away (aely are objects ho eing ejoyed een i the comic) an y te same thng only slightly differet, the et day Let money chan hads an i t fatteig the ocket of Disney ad s la o e t Dey ceatue ae egage a fatc chae o moey e ae i an amu emet orld llo u to decibe the la of Dsey as a caouel of coumesm Money the goal eer oe tes fo becaue t mane to emy all To start with te the ualite of thei old oiou it oers of acquisto ae unlimte encompassing the affection of others ecuty fluece authoity pestge tael acatio
cook luckle ccaee a ecet eage alog ith te etale Black ete o thee e may ad Magica e Sell Bi Ba Wolf an ome lesse tiees of the foet lke Be ea a Bre Fo Tey ae all oesize ark ugly illeducate, unsaen stup (tey neer ae a goo dea) clumy isolute geey coceite (alay toadyng each othe) an uncuulou hey ae
eie and to tem te boeom of liing enteainmet The only acces to thse tngs though money, which cmes to mbolize te oo thing of life all of which can e bougt ut wo ecdes te dstr buton of wealth n the wol of Disne? wat critea s ne lace at te top 0 te bom of te ple Let u eamine ome of te mecanisms n pole Geographical stance epaate e tential owe o takes te intatie rm te But eadytoue gol wic assely aats hi th dstance n tsel s nsucent t create o tacle and susense alng te wa a ne afte te ame treasure appears on te sc
tem cangng their statu hei fate i ftle obbey or intent to ob cotant aest o co tant eca rom jail (peha thee ae o may of tem tat jail can ee ol them all) Tey a e a constat theat to thoe ho ha the ie of unting fo gld e oly obstacle to te aetue' getti i teasue i not a ey ealtic oe he ole uoe of the esence of the illa to legitimatze te rght of the othe to apo iate te teaue Occasoally the adete i fa ce th a moal dl emm a h i gold o omeoe ele lfe He always chooses fao of the life altoug he someo nee ha to acifice the
Chief of te cmnal gang are the eagle ys t thee ae inumerable other profesal
lumed tgete Te n grups an ae coks indidually ndstngusable proessonal like the Beagle Boys ae conspcuou fo thei po idntcaton um and burgla's mask Thei cimnality inate Shut u ay a co e zing a eagle Boy you wee't bo to e guad You oca tio i jalbr (F 57). Cr i the o ly work t ey know ; othe e (0 tey are lotful unto eternty Big Bad Wolf 281) ead a book all about isguises (nte y Co fusion ulihe s) t last I hae fou the fect guie o oe ill eliee that Big Ba Wolf i capale of wrkig he igie himelf a a oke Wth h motache t oerall ao a pck a hoe he ee helf a uite the sother coct o a o gang f thei cimial eco ee ot ffciet to me u u the illegitimacy of thei am· ition they ae constatly puruig the teu aleady amae o peempte y othe he Beagle Boys eu Scooge McDuck ae th t eample the othe beg mee aato o thi cetral theme In a wold o ich i maps a badly kept secet it s a tatitcal imobality ad eem unfa that the lla houl ot oc caoally at least get old of a pachmet fit The iability to desee ti goo foune is a othe ndcatio tat tere i o question of I
gold (the coice ey cofot eal te dice loae) But he a can not at leat e il e temta
6
ons, wheres he lns, wh ew eceons, neer he chnce o serch he r consc en ce, nd o rse oe her condon Dsne cn concee of no oher hre o w elh hn hef s oesse need o rne n erson who nrnes he ws of re or nes s o loo h l n re closel he d rnss o f h r s n her lns dorder of he dr her sre h rcn o nercl cr her le e c e a e condned n l d o sereocl son of he oses rel ne he one who rl hre ens hs ro er B he rl lfe enem of h weh s no he hef ere here ony hees bo hm h mn of ror cold coner hsor no sre ween leme owners nd crnls, who re o dd ccordn o he roery lws he, he owner, hs esashe B re s een The elemen whch ry chllens h lgc and necess of he monooly o alh, n s le of dsoyng , s h worn lass, whose only mens of lron s o he econom baseSnce of hheboreos andI qde osh prae propery momen he oreose gn xpong he poler he former hs re o reduc he ressnce of he er, nd ndeed, he cass suge se, o a bale ween goo n l, as Marx showe n hs nlys s of Eg ene Ses s noe ls * Th orl ll s esgne o concel h roo o h onfl, ch s eonomc, n a h sam m o ensure h aons of h class nmy. I Dsney, he worng cl has hrfor en s no wo rops: crmnals n h cy, an noe ses n h onryse Snce h Dsne worldew emscles oence nd socl ngh onfcs, een he rbn roges re s A concee hldren "bos) he anmod, hy re lws long beng spnked, nd ceerang her spd as by nng n crcles, nd n hnd They re epressons of he bour geos esre o porry workers oganaons s a oey mob of rs. T hs, when Scrooe s confone by h ossl h Donld hs en o hen (F 78 he ss y nehew, robr? Before my wn ees I s cl he poc an he un syum e ms he one m Ths samn *K Mx The Holy Family (1 845) d. Mc P "A p ps 'u s Mvstres de Pas,
�
Mx s La Sain Famil" in L Novell Crqe, u6 p c 19
Y WICK D
MAN � yo u
UL'T BE HER ON MlS·
,
reflecs he edcon of crmnl c no psyhophc dses, rahr hn h rs of socl condonng Th bourgeose conr h defecs of he worn clss whch re he ouo o hr expoaon, no moa bemshs, an obes of erson an cnsr, so as o wkn hm an o oncal ha xploaon The bouros n mpos her own lus upo h mbons o h my, who, n cpble o orgnay, sa n orr o com onrs hvs a jon h expon cass. Ner a hy p as ryng o prov soy. Ths aaur o workers, whh ws eery hrars apae endng hm gny an spc an hrby, ny as soc a, urns hm no a specace of mockry an onp. (A panay h rn hologal a ay ass uur of h bourgos sl consss of h sme yh a aus whh aos u ng h la nnenh nury ah a Th rron o v ng goo fom b s hones, ha s, h sp or p popy Thus n Honsy Rwa 0 393 CS 2/4 h neph fn a oar b an fgh fo , cang ach o h ook an. Bu Doa nvns sch a su oun h y, us a a a o who us r. Ths s a an ask, o al h bg, o sa h ugly, voln, arkskn pop ry ony fo hemss Th wos s o who wan o s a h o or o by a ps o o ob h oph g P a f a l ns (s gnany, Don ws a War and Peace h frs scn, wh h u ow o h as oney pps. S s a poo an rgd, h only ase of soca ms n o nre smple Ths s al my mom ha lf an w hen ean all y long. Jusns as hof goo n h smpl h Thfogns Wo now po
AND
.
u
I S T R, P \ tG ME A F "�15 V( U?
the mucle-bound bruts. But t here i more Since h l abori g cla e are reduce d to le rn nin fr a o a l they will ' never reach th bearer f dea ar lef a the litimate ownr of the treau They won n a far iht And not only that, it wa the pwer of their dea which creat ed th al th t ei n th, and inpired the arh ad proed nce ain the urrty f mn ver mattr Ex pltation ha en juife t profit th pt ave een leitze wnerhp nd t onfer ex ve rt t r tt
LO - W Y D H l
: CN' . 1 \ U ST HARD iJE
B i J!
an increae f wealth If te reie w tol the apital the ea f prt t t aue ty exp l te y r a late wealt nfaily Dney throuhut hi i pl tat aptalt walth riinate er te e r tae ake t ppar i It wa alway the ea te rei w av te t avante t r r t l t r ll
r p t t
lt's a 10b where there is nothing to do.
urrondd by a or o g abnane
Just a turntoaround museum fromis time tak to time checkthehat nothing hapning" Donad (D 436)
whi e the bad guys do not e e en for a cu p of coffee But sudden, n he nex re zap - th ducks hav e bui h eees a roc e out of nothing The ba g pe ore money robbing Scrooe ha e eer ge from him
I am rich because srokes of uc
aways enginr m y
At this point, perhaps our reader is eagr to br andish the figure of Donad himsf wo at fi rst sight appars to run counter to our tsis that Disny's is a word without work ad wit out wrkrs Evryone kows tat tis flow s pnds is if ooking for work and moaning ittry a o t t ovrwhe mi ng burdens w ic he must carry Wy os ond ook or work? n odr to gt o fo is summr vacatio, to p t fina instamnt on his teevision set (which e apparenty dos a thousand times for he has to do it ars in each nw pisode) or to uy a prsnt (nraly for Daisy or Sroog) I a tis t is nvr ay qustion of nd on Dods prt H v as ay probms whit t ent t ectricity i food or cotig
Ther is no probem abo he ean of ub sistence in thi uxrious an roiga ocey unger ike ome pague fro ie imes, a ben conquered hn the yonger e Mce that they are hungry; Does one have he right to be hungry (D 1, Mickey reie You chidren don't now hat hnger S down a nd I ' te yo Ime dia te he nphews gin to make fn o him aying o ong is this hunger business, how ong is a hi nonsns going to ast? But here' no need to wo rry kids icky is not thining how hnger oday is kiing miions o peoe aroun he word, and causing other o rrearabe nta an physica amage Mice recoun a phis�oric aventure abot Goofy an sef with a typica contemporary cburg pot, iustat the probem of hunger Apparenty for Micky, nowadays such robes as hunge
cotrary, witoutbuying o muc a dolriveto nam he is aways Theas ducks hOn i s t
do not eist perfection
Scroog (TR 40)
peo p ive i n a fant as wor
50 Donal oesnt really nee to work, an te proof s that any money e does maage to ake always goes towars buying he su pe rf l uous Tus, we n Unle S o og e de eitfully pomises o will his fortue to him e fis ough a os o Doald is "A las I an sed all I wa T R S he odes the laes del o auomobile, a ie ruiser, ad a lo se with fi aels ad emoeool swih Elsewhee 423) he ees "I must ge some moa wo some where to raise eough moey or is gif Or, e hopes o go o an exesie p bu all ae is his hal dollar" need s superfluous, so s te wor Jobs are usually (as we ae obsere) ose whi roie seres, proteion, or tranpoation to onsumers Een ooge MDuk as no orker when he is brougt a list of is per " sonnel tey are all alle "employees All employment s a means of onsumption rater tan produon Wtout neeig to ork, Donal s onstantly obsesse it searing for t o t s not surprisng that te
I
n of job e prefers soul be easy, a un e m a n ng of mental or py sial ef fort A astie whle e waits for some pee of luk (or ee of map to fall uon i from wo knows ere n s o r t e wants wag es wt out se atng t is moreoe r no proble f or Donal (or anyone else) to fn a ob, beause jobs aboun "Wow, tat looks lke pleasant work! astry ook ante, goo wages, free pastres so hours Tats for me! F 8 e eal rama only ings to unfol wen, one aing t te job Donal beomes terrfe of losng t s terror of being left n te treet s qute neplable, gen tat te jo as ardly n sAn enble to Donal m s by efn t on lu msy an s ne a reless he is always get ti g te bo ot ere are jo bs an jobs n te worl, but Donald neer seems to fin oe tat e an do" Youre f re, Duk has te tr time youe gone to sleep in the ough mixer Youre fir Du ou o too mu fidling around! "Youre f re Duk Were i you learn barbering from an dian waref C5 9 So wor eomes for Donal an obsession ith not losn , and nt suferig e atastroes w ursue him whereer e goes He omes umploye oug is inompeene, in a worl he rete jobs aboun Geig a job s no proble se supply of tem s far n eess of de
O ! I ' M A N N G B E CSE I 'M BAN KRUPT A D I N EbT BUY N .
Ll HAV TO G SME PRY JB MW o A RN H TO Gtr PE SEN T.
mand, ust, as n Ds ney onsumpton e x eeds prouton e fa tat Donal, lke Big Ba Wlf, te Beagle Boys an a ost of oters, is an neterate slaker, proes tat ter unemploy ment s te result of ter free wll an om petene o te reaer, Donal represets te un e m p oye Not te re al unem ploye ause storiall y te strutural ontradtions of aptals, bt te Dsneytyle unemployment base on te personalt of te employee e sooeono bass f unemploment s sunte ase wi n faorassume of nual psyologal eplanations, tat te auses and o ns equenes of an so ial penomenon are ro ote i n te a bn orma l e lements n in i ual uan behaor ne eono pressure has en onee nto pressure to onsume and jobs are reaily aailable eerywere, Donalds orl omes one wh "true" freeom rens te freeom to be out o wor nustrial entrepreneurs n te present worl p ush te "freeom of labor" sloan eery iten s free to sell s labor, oose whom e sells t to, ad quit if it oesnt suit im is false "freeom of labo" (in the Disney fantasy world ) eases o be a myth beomes a eal ity ad takes on the form of e "freeom" of being
Yu RD,CK I 1AT'S � ".\ RD M YOUVE N E
lf � M U� t
T SLEP 'N 1
D H M IXER.
H ! ' A F/Lt! V , Jo B F IS TO Of Cl S G
r-
WAX UE I GHT C M N lD ORK
_ .
uempoye But depite a oa' good iteio, empoyt ip through hi figer He ha harly croed the empoymet threshol before he come the ictim of crazy a chaotic com m ot io Thee aburd par oxym of ativiy ge eray e i the hero' ret ad rewar Ote, howeer, the hero caot ecape from thee apocayptic gyratio, becaue the o
thi bucket. log a o oe come ao g a neolety pu back the bottom, oad i fai, ad oome to toop ad pour foree Th i type of work, which take pace i h city, i i mi lar to other form of ero u uf fering which occur outide the city o foeig aventure A oo a they eae home, the uckburr uer al kid of acciet: hip
ot ih to reea hi m fr om hi eternal uf f� rig Thi mea that he rewar an punih met do o eed on oad, and he reul o f a thi aciity i unforeeeabe Thi inreae the reaer' feelig of ramatic enson. he paiity and teriity of Doal' work point up hi lak of poitive merit, other than hi aumu late uf ering A l reit e is co ferr e uon him from ave ad beyon, epite al hi eort o mater hi eiy Fae, i makig Donal hi faori te paythi g, ecome the ole ynami c fac tor, provoking caatrophe, a towig joy Fate i ike a boome bucket in which water i cot aty c hur ing It i oald job o fil l
r eck , coliio, ad peri ot acle a mi fortue galore It i thi toure at the had of fate which eparate them from he treaure they a re earchig. The exertio of their aor appear u caue they are a chain of coti ncie Their lar become a repoe to crie Fir t, ba luck cater ager a pai i their pah; then, a t the en , go o luck reard them with go hi gol i ot eaily attaie Oe ha firt to uffer deconctized work:work i the fom of dventu I a imia ay, the fir t Spaih ove of aeture ee caed "abor * I thi form of ove, the iter meiary bewee he hero a wealth i the pro
*E.Q Cant'
abjs d
Periles yma.
ce of accumulatig mifortue Thi proce ymbolize work, without actuay beig r It
74
'n phasizing th boreom ad pee J he heroes are mese The eews / n : e are bore to e wh eery vn e le s o . (0 43) h o pe g stuo s st rs s as H a s o s mple thg s a uci bl lad o u r fries to rsus zte? (0 132 9/65 I s ter e yti g so re sul s IV n srtced out oer oes moy steg ! ene tctoc of lk Oe fels s
restul ses of hes phases s h n r lfe Duckburg ur hero leas hs habiua eeay exste c e whh s that f leisure inter rupt ed by ay oe of th e harmless a ttbut es o that lesure li e a bou ba ll ) w hih lea s him to aeture suer gol. Readers are ecouraged to e wth the haracter ause they too are resg while read the co m a d beco me ea sly rap pe i t e cofeextemet of te rac Oce bae
�ur" (TR 11. Who wu ae me ; ere tato to a a y reu o w oul 'nd his" Doal asks hmself afer a a nr (0 448) hi l started oetly I or ig . is aw i Duckbur r a o qu ie a tow. (0 8) hey are ! ig on a bed, o a uch o a law qr n ammoc Micey takes a welleare , est us of he See ars in the En Fore" (0 4 24) The repetitio
tey tesels acpayi h for te rest o te atast epsoe The adeture usually eds i the rcomps o acation, ad a retur to r ow wel desered ater he weght of s much deon rtzed labor. ormly oe may obsere i the f rs ad a drwg h prciples o imobiity ad symmetry of baced force A pictorial ece o reasse classicm i used o soothe h reaer befor d ater te
"
M N . W � T DY !
H A P E R F EC
DAV FOR J I S H I G , BT N
�
"
OR P KNG - LY I CA 'T 0 ANY 01 THOS E I G5 !
- �
� OF / 805 1 AS U 'M K, N D I T E L L PVY ! -
YOU C D TA K E WL
UNC A DOL D BIR W AT� G !
adve e Fo s dua on on he ohe hand he fes e dan cosa ao. They sh as e fo ef o h e he ee o foo he heoes' es f ove he od Oseched fes pon he deco un ece s esoed ad he cce cosed. O dvee eds h a oc vco ( . fe og fo Scooe o s eed hs uce h e vco c y . F 0) ha I have ee de fo so o of spedg he se pco Thas o accde sace a s I c choo ha aveous pa " 174) Ths epsode poves cea how pa povoes g ood foue : H uy huay I boe e. Havg en oaned hs uce's pope fo a oh onad deces fs of a I o' wo any oe I wi foe a my woes nd devoe sef o esue. TR 53 nd ha ee hose woes? You ca' magne how dffcu s wh he cos of vg m o he end of he monh on my wges Is hae Wha s he gea oe 's had o ge dece h's seep when ne s ha he ne nsen on he TV s de he foon da ad one hasn' a cen Th e ooso eee o and esue s oh u a suefuge o he advan ae of he e. Lesue vades and imposes is aws po he ho e ea o wo . I n he adWog Lesue Lves Cub he descipin of fee acv D 5, wo is nuao a esu e ac v a ehi ce cn sues ad a eas of iing ime Le us ae he mos exeme expe Big Bad Wof ad hs eena hun fo he hee ie pgs. e appes o wan o at hem Bu hunge is no hs ea ove h is ne ed s ea y o em besh hs fe wh sme siuacum aciiy Chase he pes e hem eude hi by a ick, so h he can eun aa ec . . ike he conse soce sef hch cosmng coses he advenue of cosupon. Seize he oe o hve dsapea o have m mede eced he se oec a ew use Ths sao s epozed n D 32, whee acc pesuades g ad Wof o e he a o: Wha fn can ou have ow ha ou hve cah us? You' have nohng o d ecep s od og od foe ou e a he od e o eceed hs efon as a chce * od hch es he aa o a vod. he chce ecoes sef�oecve eve he cosans of hs naue ae heaened
f
He cann, n des he wish o, ace a shage of pgs o he in enin of some ohe c haseae oec He feeds upon hs w eceaon as he mane of hs wo his is oe un han any hing ese. Pacica Pig has cninced him wih Mdison venue pesuasveness BUY TO CONTIUE WORKING; BUY TO SEURE YOUR FUTU R E; U Y TO AY TO KE EP SOMEON E I WORK TOMOROW MAYE YOU** The fcous po of depaue s eed which hen coes afcazed and fgoen. o he wo, he piges ae in Desie is simuaed n de o coninue pducing (he supeuus Gien ths pee ha wk is indespensibe i enes hisy in he m a epeiious abn o a iy Wk is eg ade d as an u nsu a and ecceic phenomenn, and is empied is meaning which is pecisey ha i s cmmon pace habiua ouine and nma Whin he Eco, Apocalittic e Intrat, 64 (poalpt;cos e Igrados an l a cutur a de masasditra Lumen, Barceona 6), * *Qotaton fom Vance Packa The Hddn PradrN Yrk Cf th avrtsmnt boW fr Gnr Mr fo 4 rn o s hm:
*S r Bompiani Mlano,
Cs, Job and Pg Enomc po es ilike
a whl. \1l t n5 spd
t wobb nd sp t { K To p o co my g. A m ut no
d buy a y w e Den e puc· on; mr n m m r jb, r b:;
nd v f ou .
ou d
h
o I dd u o , uoo is bc o A' I a·
o o- o ou Go Ntn Pt Tin o oo v xd 80. bu om l ie t st en n
h
l_
U e n l ul qu g b�y - �n uyg � · c! R no e o uy
v Opt u 1975
R C;] GfJ ',
General Motors
76
producton cess, the sage ivaably sl for dection e h whh lsn he s of l. Banal a eee wk is as o d in t ee- lwi g a asy, a a co m m t i n Lab, s is s coecive chte, n l aas as ay ind t i aag all ha s mer In w ai iy l b Cs onalzed. F Dal, Gy Mky h h mun the sange a ae ae a
This wl of e n segegain i sed the le a net of eten ment s i hs eele in catalst scet The ane i whh Dal lives t h leie tanse i aasc ltl mlti veen a ls avte, i ienticl t he ae i whih he twenteth e (x) se I es hi e e e e by he sal te a ltu Mikey s a b ysey a avee The
onl exale wk as a ass (0 329) e the geial aisss a he jo: "even inces t he einil aesis; ne c t th sJ en s aiis se e hes o e oint of te sci Re is ned nto v iey o wes a tai e wh pecll ivente tls
ea s ae Mkey eing hisel he Dsey wl l eae n eve sa algehe withut nytig chagg Beyn the hle cic lie the whle teay cle whih s base n he ile th nly ente ta an lbeae hai te scil nxe a lt wih it i sbege s as he gese nve sial ble a agial ese ehnlgical oblem s hey als lee that b velg he clte stes, they wll slve the ble of eles lieatin This ltl tehnology
T i conce pt w rk i a st raage fr a s form ng il lie, a ll t he ha d wk wh s e cer f or u rv ivig t, in t m ae pectcl e . Jut s D isney c ae lea s h s n or m l u rru n ig t une rake a a sy dv en tu re re e f th e sal t me-sa lit a io of D ucku rg , r nde the m s abs b ex r vgn z s n the t in cet b a o c c upto n , o i i ilarly s d ha c ildren trns e n th e co rete re alty f he r fe , n rren er to th e g a "a v e ntur e " f e a g aznes . The seg ega f e cil d ' w or l btwee n th e ev ey a y a he enc ate d begin te c om c th e selv e s, w hh ke t he first te p n te cing ch i l dn , m er te n der est y e rs to se art e w k m e u re n h m realit y r o e p lay e r min ton Ap rent ly, t heir hab al o rl d t t of u n i m gin iv e wo rk, w he as t he w o r l d o t he c m c i s h t f fa asy -flle e u re . C l e n e nc e g ai n sp li t betw een mt ter n s p irit , n e c u ag e e lii ne e m g i n ry fr the re l su rr n i ng w l . To e e d ty pe f m ic n the g s t t t fee the o ve l wi g i m a g a n " t e c i l w h t e n s, s d l y, by h s ve y n tu re to rej e h i s i ae s r d gs, s r e l l to n je t i n h l d e es a s eds c o n te m p ra ry s e t . A s ie t s i s own op r essiv e , de -e n w rl t at it is c n i n e d to dea m u p ve se l i n " u to i s . T e a d u l 's se lf - r ot e ct i ve esa st re a s m pe l te h l d to a ba nd o n i ts i n t ega ed c l o o e x se ce La te , d l ts se th is t u l t sy tai t c h l h le sse
eahe a niatins a its o s t the hses he gae t Eeainet as t es by he ai talist a lte, ts t eonile eyhg wk w leis e, he c o l with the igiay, the sal with the extasal, by with sl, t wh nsn city wit h nt ysie whle v eil g he t is isn f he inteelaishis All the cnlict f the eal wl the eve ente of bgeoi siety ae ie in the imginat n e t be bsobe an ote int te wol enteaet Sily t ll Dsney a l is t iss he tage t Lies ae e sil
e i r own nx ie n a l i e n i n f t he a i l y or
eslve even est he bles the eset
,
exse he lang ess Dsey, in ll he ss ea is mh e mle isney' scil clas ha mlded te wld n etain lealy eine nd nctonal wy whch ess to its nee The bgeois igan es t ge this ealt bt eiz es it veneee wh iene t the nse Oce i is ineee s ag al, ells a g f hi own m n exeen he ee then an cnsme hi own cntns in whitewshe fm i eis hi t ntne vewing an lving these cnlits wh he ee a hellessess f h l He e e s he e wh h avng
7
o D toethe aa th oreose he sled wh e realm o f fedom who hn ss hrh the ram nity. her fns rdse nves rcon no hro concreon srcon of needs nd roes hi no o h eoe sod be prevened from ren her fue . O the conr her re need chee eer fre a fnden ehc oon n er sle for eron Dne hs rored thi re nd ded wh sols rooed from rel I s e fn rld of e Peps enern f nd bes hs conceon of redeon etrl con r dcons srel s s sr ee e bo d men i e Dsne coc nd n one chacte rcr we fnd ultimate expeio t of c or se dd o s Glds one Gnd er hen I decde o fnd e bes shell o the ch I don' hve to loo for it I'm t c 0 381 e ws rond "nd neve F 155), fs no rs Lc s alwa dsone es l e wns s on s t m er hn s w o wo r n w ho sffern nd herefore who deservn a rerd e wn eer coe e dno o ll Dcbr cv) n dnce nd fro a oson of cl reose e i e ol ne wo s no rond the mill o avetu a " sffern "oth d ever hpens to hi real nd de Dond cons ers a servn for at eat he eends to wok Gla sone fos all the rnces o uitic mor e nd sce conse hi avo o ne sols h m H s ros er f los i ke a pue oc o atue H freedom ot camo la i the lluo o cet He i Doal
th e a t th a lht avata t liece Al l th ot h chaact t o th timle xhautie luck hav to a t patece fri o teie W hav a l e hat moe ve th t o ae alwa a o the t uc Thi telliec o a uck t et a epe eel! io . Th a v ito B Scos who uoiate thou th a pa the am o ecptio a alt ttto hen th Bo Scot o u a ha o com ov him h il tu t Mcky Mou, the o ceatue ot vov the hut o ol in of itlf. H th hlp o th o who alwa ppe a th th iiculte a he ala hel ome l et the a A h ocaoal pockt a w oa well h a ha lam wh th o much mo aou M cke telliece ev to uvl a mt a to implcit ack to a o oe v m tt o at The el chl alo coot a ta is min nd hch he oo ha to explo th his bo We coul al Mk' ma a poach th ol aki t that o a ttv h i k a olv v oth A th ocl aa t a t h o to h a ma vo Ha (a a a aa h vlla hav a a o e Mk a ·a a a v o a a o o h v H a a ea a a tt oa a avo k a v a
o e sffern ne a api to him ut one cnno follow hm, o the o path he reder imultaeoul jct a acite Gdsone le to epect th ecess of work whch ive the ht to eiu a eded n Dond) nd o desse e orh he who en everhn fo ohn nd s no een refl hens wen he nfrons th sne ds ose of Geiu a Itellet the u preme de "Good lc me o much mo n od rn oer e G toe picki up bnnoe h Go h oveooke T 115 r rees re concdence I sll
aov th aa h a h a ha H at a aa o aa a oa v a o a mm t vta at ol a Mk o a impatal j oa ta aov ata hat Th o Dk aa o tl Th v th civi v a av ato o a a ca t h h mou h ahatv
n h brn s re ore moant tha c nfer n ehsn d o coettio
latt ha ta co ak aia h i U
,
t-
"History? of it."
d o n ' t h av e th e fa i n tes n o io
Donald, ofin a the histoy(0 455) section ibary el, this is rea democracy* A billionaire ad a pauper going aoun in the same irce Donald to Unle Scooe caught up in the sae whil pool (TR 16, S 9/6 If there is no path where you walk you ake it as you go woe Antonio Mahado Bu n e Disney esion: if here ae noi bu ahs herFore you weethe ouwold ae is a dese o the alk eat say wizad readymade tacks eaen by obos i aal o ow oe? e ese cos l ulsan always a oil oin? h eeesee ha sk o le Sll ahes ha elec o ao no he vey ou o Dy Tue hy v ales We ae o jeced io a kaldoso o oaly pa The beahless ay o e aaes * In
the Engish srcinal, "ociabe. (Trans)
is even reflected he colos Fo instance the o sae ktchen haes i uessive fraes (0 44) Th e blue to geen hen yllow and ed nephe' bedoo 18) s filmed in even oe dali ehlo effects; le blue ye llow pnk vole d ad blue Smlaly the pole he's office TB 3 is liht blue green yellow pink and ed in apid suesson This sudden swiching of coloed suaces eaches is cliax wh he eews' ps (0 432. Th e nephew ju ove he gill has a liht lue cap we he dops ove the othe side it be coes ed and inally when he is cauht he is le wh a en oe The ap eans hus o e es o he so as if it wee a pathec eid of his ned o e escued unl the thee nehews ae euied ad the olo chanes i all ove a is e o els ove eial ad id oe e alio o a eh oa o ai o oe iue o e nx is he or elae o eholoial nnovao ll is in oo u oi hanes L ke l oth a sp o ao n isid e a d ousde Duku ue o vaiaos on a sadad ee e Dukbues will ake y th whh will get h ovi a oll skae a e lae a ae oket o an neal
2
h ache age: same p dere crs The hero urns d h dvere he advenure rns ee dea egg and ed of e ep d epsde evves wh he copyca he mc a a whoe he comcs h h r f reang wch ndus dm edom ndc es h purc has e of h m c re ad g d uc es m o re dydmydum Tus an overflow
ve he ecuer h chacer are on ua y rep eang hems elves e characers are ver cve and appear fle le; he gc wand ends o lo o parks bu dpe all e magc hey sl rema uholy error f sragh and rgd ere s an can Trapped n e src mans of he pers onaly d rawn for m a caalo ue as sor men h e ry f ew en r es any me a characer res o aculae hmself dfferenly
veme ch mgh appear ec d ek he gd han s ohng bu a p g a Dond Duck markng Oer. h he osed of he ame ma I eakd h De wrd n m mecham haace o capa de cmc sr de h ader wh u aohe hee h ge grdg m co mp dm d ea hage hed a ay y m he ch es Bu h pep da her pe g d c san de-
he s doomed supendous onald b s uder consan aack for hs falure orefulns a so as Gyro ranspans he memo a eephan no hs bran he wrd around hm gn s o break up ( 7/67) lmos m daely everyne and Doald specall demands ha he e reured hs rgnal sae h e d od Doald we a ve The me hppens whe nce Scrooge ses a magc k shame h ephew payg deb No n ds work Donad, Sge a we s ha e ees ashamed f hme and eap g o Doad Beer o hange anohe pe haa psclogca mechasms;
m a re ecor awed m h mhme h The paged h mm h De ay ke h ded De chaaers wh h Dd Cara he h cd ors dm m d s Scoge Bg Bad h h dcg ke hep dm D e Bae a e p e ee e h c h ame d S Wh d ? m pesered h maaae h ad a he de h araed by d d h eeah he
ee e saed ay e s Grea danger urks ehd wh very he dde chans Ahgh sa provoked b sm mcr r magca devce chans suh a revuons hch po eera hrea a rsona rue ad dvdua psychogca dr aces hch heaen a characer escape from h and pese sereype as se ea Dsney secs hs chraer a ee mmg se hey peda aa o d cce hed a pnd ga poud he ame d ske emas nder he New You h ed seems dreed oy he prveged case wh c dge h p eqa maday r he avag oh god ad bd a ndvdua he h eaces orma mp hh prvke hese payms e perce ample h eplc heme a race o ge me pace ec he hore sse (and hereore m c me hs (aways p c c hs ce ace and e f ahe pres he goa ay me (Tme B Me he e oe r a sm a hankerg pr a ad u frm he commo hd N ny eca hs auomacaly mea n dars and women admre ad caer he
SAV 1 M D OF N I G UP ER TH!
w er u a ecause re preens e ap p ccso h ferg he "rk ead
IT'. SO VP CA L
C OO LY V G · �S !
N K • W iER I D IT ' MH FU N P B< l
to he has ame ame is ig ae ejy, n eisre a h beeis ctive wor. The mage aiaing frm the ceeriy aures his ivih he ca
b a dow ah t th t phooraph tkn Fnlly uc y cidnt Su d o o ly c, h y o h dkl t
himse rve. t s haig o th od ersaiy Covertg fam isef i a orce of cm, t i he snss of n o' w sr-s B the re-reqt o a thi i to hav o a news im, roadcat by h mss me nd eco gzed b y pu ic nio To t ey hero, h dvnr n ad o t no fficint reward. Wthout n audnc k o sese, th hro mus pay o th gary mpac of th xit easred by er o whch ohr ow th h has rpa thm. Tu, fo h tlson ado nd ewspapr he ble to r ohr peopl
move o Unc Donl yo n o n o o n Pr n B pr (Trip) pll n n po o p ol F nl n o t It no n t o on ly o op lun W lo lo 43) onl y " 1 oy o no por o ot A rl on py ol fn o oo naally t o on n ol o o E attlr) wll
f impoace ad a domnate thm pw l sfire ma y e o he p hm A com ous themseves On one ccson (0 , CS 2 Dod wrid ecase ems t o those pepe just or o odie," was o do somehig aou H ask an or hw h saed on h road o m py "I was payig go d ad a hon n . . . a rch pr odc r a w me do , d o mresse he mad a t. Doa h same, bu s beau t tlvion a wer aime a omeon l I uld a eoe as eveybody turned o wch e van Dr waking y." A poico l oald h ow he d th way to ae p pl ot hi S Dod wc li agl
Whofthon o fo t ot c upiin ul pop tn oon th oo o t n od on y o ot op lu If no dn ppn Ery n vwd y t oont poop n bm, i n of lf-tri. a only an o n p 44) hn th poo fl o o o fo n of loon a n o o oy n on Ioy n ofited nd toy l n l B hr ohi oop t I n t o l ol
84
. 1E IVATD R0S ARE NO US. WE C P ON O 7� �R O ER CIT .QCK .'
a u e , Sttu e S t us S tic. T im e n d ie ga i n , so me n e is r ew rd ed wi th t he pr i ze f au e sa nd in i n pu blic p l ac e or m us eu . "T h e secret am bition o f Don l d : o b e te l oc l
r , w ih a righ t o a sttue i n th e pak . " ( 0 4 1 , D O 7/68 ) . This h e ac hieve s by defe ating the artia ns (s i c) : We ae t inkin g of iin g a o u s scu l pt or so th yo u r l iken es s may stan d mo n g h e othe H G ets i n h e city p rk! " E v ey c or n e r a eco d o f te clim a ti c m o e nt of rs n a l past h is to ies Ti m e fa r fo m i ng a rse as in h e B i bl e is st opp e d , u n e d to ston e d ma d e i mm orta l . B u th e fam i ly p oo gr p d t e sta ue a re no t o n l y so u e n ir s bo b c k fr o a tou r " o f the pas t. ey a lso v lid te h e p a s a nd re s en i m or a nce of on e 's an cest os, d g uar a nte e t he i r fut u e i m po rta nce . K i ng M ch ae l h e F i rst , ex ce p for te m o u sac h e" (0 43 ), i s ju st li ke M ickey . T e fame of te u l i u de o f u n cl e d ucks c n o n ly o e n ro ug h H e i m ge wh ic h th e y e e b h i nd . F e a of im e a n d c om pet it i on c m e to a n e n d w h e n a n s e n s u s i s r e c h e d o v e a n i n di v i d u l ' s p uta ti o n : " I am l e v i n g fo e t ey v e t i m e c h nge t he i r o pi n io n of m e, " e xp l a i n s G o o
B 99 Fme nd izewinnin tun an individual to a prduct tt is in te et ymoloi cl ense of te wod a finised bjec cut of fom ny oter ouctive process redy o e consume o consuted Once in cne leds to immoiliy In e fist cte ve seen t te a m e s ttic eltionsis oured in te u pposed confl ict betwe en du lts and younstes here te oles wee rently in oositi ided and obile. But in eality ete ex
essed neatiely or ositively) tey ere tun in ound te sme cental stan dd and constntly switcin oles two msks over te sme fce In fusin fte and sn ith the sme idels te adult ojects into is offspring te eetution of is own values so that he cn ss te ton o iself Te vemen enete fom te confntation between te wo oe o s tt was tutoloicl nd i ll u soy Te ntns isaed s soon as te t eed on te ules wic ut one on top nd te ote low as imself and is uble Tis false diloue wic is te monooue of te doinant cla nd its taed playbck is eeted ll levels of te socially statified cas of cctes Hee te eold concet of tins entes te ictue Tis folkmotif ic also fiures ominently in elite literatue for examle in te ork of Poe ostoievsky Cr tza) is often used to exss e ntradiction ele suffer inside eir on esonaliy tat is o say ainst he ebellious and demonical laye of ei bein as in at amigos part f he hich tetens tblised order sain heir souls and destoyin tei lies. Te culural monoolists ae flattened and exloited tis duality in ic one is ot commended ad co ndemned and served it u in simplified for as te collectie ision o all the ople n te o leel s in isney he domina m of e lile denizens of uckurg and i he dominated e noble saages and h de linque nt s thi s dualit y s presen on oh si de s ut is con eyed in a mos t symoli m anner In folklore as e all kno one tin is ood and e other bd i nothing i een. Similarly amon te mna f Dis ney tee ae o o pily accept tei in nocen and subject condition good uys and tose o ttack tei sses' o perty (a uys) Te saness of te division and te lac of mobility from one side to the oter is ablue Te bd uys un aound cazily ii the ison of teir sereotye ith no cance eer escain into e elm of e ood uys To suc an exten tat in one eisode en dis guised as (neutl nd assive) naties te ba guys ae still unised by haing o ick u Uncle Scooe's money for im. e nob l in savaes fo their at ve to stay quiely situ, so as not r isk bei n ceated in e cit ·
Each statum of e dominted is rozen in i th oodness r ickedness f appaenly in
85
pain of the eole thr ar n cmmuncaton channe between the two Ther i no way to e h good and atk roety. There no way t be ad if you oy t he ru e "Bome what you are oe an od oular aying, co nd b y th bourgoiie Chn s ·hibitd n the' ctor The noe aage annot om a imina, and the rimnal cannot ome nno cent So weher he ay wked or paey tuou, he role of the domnatd i
P I FTR E L BOYS HAD N
fxed, nd hitoy, t eem, made omwhere e Contrat i wt t dynamm of th do minant clae, wher moity rgn and an thin g i ole Thee r rh and oor wth n the am famy Among frend one uky he oher not Amon the rch, there are od and ad, and nll ent and tuid Th cati vatng and raggy and f th dominant toerat iordanc and diemma Thre are no n-un dercenter that , omty arzd haracter Donad tnd to o but h win tnty ercent f the tme Un crooge fen defeated En Mikey occaionay bha 4 1 th hidren frighten a coward n D im and uant m Say Minni: Yu real a metim wore than th hdrn dont n what to do wth you Th chidrn ar t And Miy re Tho dogone kid aay gt th t f it Gaton Gander i nt away th winner and th By cout duck in ometim i up Ony the rdigy Lttl Wf ae thi rue, but he need t wth uch a tten tudy wckd fathr ralm f h domnant Duckburger on of refined nuance, and rked by ma contradtion O th ma un n t cocte dterminm that the way it i, wheher you ie t or not
u et cr�d), rie the domnant eronaty h an freey chooe and dtrmn hi u in if Hi ey i n hain a eronty n uihng throuh tatuary, in hding a mono y or the oic of hitory Onc th aderar i diquaifid in adance (and that dquaifcation i ytmatic), h n eaten in a ra that h cannt en run r acquir th fae that th dminant a to ie t Nd w tre futhr hw cod and uffo atn thi wrd of Dney raly i? Jut a the uje cla ar dred a nd fae, and the obt t on th i n door not ho ay t t mnat
hm when roduton erfomed mally, and they are not needed), o the at dered f it rea charctr and i mad to aear the am a th rent Pat htory in it ntirety i cnizd b th anietie and au f th rnt mnt Hitica rnc a hu taur cht fu f hawd mora ta and c f th am d tandard and �otrn a dfndin t a d hi f dminatin. nad i upiu f Un r r c cu ati n with mn but th m r an a a dem tra t tha hi fu n wa ut aquid in i iab uddn t diaa and i ub tntia diat. Fr hich a t i ca dnt f ani n t r i addud F 174): Kin Dinu in h ran ac th a an Thi ana undin h tti hara t f hito n n A hit in hih an a ch a th n f rnt ai h a a a prfiuratn f Dn u ut bac I ma nt b tu bu a a n rottd In rat h at tuh an n th nt and a uch i it a a funtin f th rent, a a u f ran ia Diny mutiation of th atinhi btwn th at and rent accunt fr hi chmat ation and raizatin f Thi rd od h t r Many ar a t nquitadr i t eage By trid t ta aa th ty f th ztc nati u h hd t Hit rtrad a a fra na nant adnu n i h ad u t unucfu ta f uy (0 32, D 9/65. The attrn reatd in many othr d in which th tug f I
f
cntmorar Ducbur are rtd nt t ht f at utu F tim t ti t
eroes are tanotd, b dam, hns or tme chn, nto noth ld Calfn D 57) s the cee of the llworn forul; the earch fo gold wth hadhp, the truggl ewee co d robrs, and thn the turn ere nd ordr he same thng hens n her jorn o ancent Rome, Bablon ad restor hre ae also mcro-dcks who coe r o m oter ac e (R 6 U S /66 wth ramatc adventur dentcal to thoe o our eroes Its sue bet that the future t nd coreed nd te pace mrket oazed b Dne y vadg the ast (ad the future) wth th trctres of the rsen, Dne tak on the whole of huan htor Egt thr 422 shx wth the face of Uncle Scrooge D 3/64: Whe he dscovered the hnx, ome ears back, t ddnt have a face, o h ut o t t on oer that th e fce of cDck shoud e tranoa�le everwhee t s he trademark of US. htor It fts verwhre t th ed of the above story, he dd h keness to th gnt cultues of Whngton, co, tc. o out Ruhmo r no w c lld out Duckmoe hus oo ons th oundng Fthers Hs ttue s even utr pace (R 48) Snc th bouros conve th och t be th concluon nd fcto of hunt the cul nton of cltue an d cv l zaton, th arrogate to tv the exclusv ght to e rt , fo t cul vw ont, th ht of thr w to w nt whch dn th uvlt nd l f th boug con a t n c centrc dvaton n contadctons
mate o m r sjctv e erpers s tes D se, th e rgeses euogs ad flatterg mrror h dstortd htor o that the domnat class sees t rse a a atu , �t ocal, henomen. h bourgeo have taken oseon of n artnt whch th released fro the ent hunt d on erth he coc-as-htor tun the unforeeable nto a foegone concluon t tranltes the anful coure of t nto eernal and rature old age he cau of th resnt re not to soght n the at; jut consult Donald Duck, tublehootng bdortIarg What a shame Socrates could ot buy h comcs Srey he wouldnt have drunk th hemock hs fung of the ast wth the mres and wastes of the reent at lt njects an lluso of the damsm of tm. Wh le he majo r df ferces re oblteatd n the cl there per s sts a cea d crea , traed b the whmerng ostalga fr n rrecoverable excte met But there s aoth as of adzg ad aralsng htor me arehended as a c sumable entt ncent lands ad eoles are the b of hto nca-Bca, Unstdsta, the Egt of the Phroh, the Scndnva of the Vkngs, the atcal Crban, and the North meca of the nda (Chef mo, Kng of the Bffoes (D 446 cultvatng hs pereservaton land), a march ff und the Dsne ntquaran wand to the suerarket of the dead states Bu our sce of hstor now, at cutrat rces he noto that tme pduce somethng s atura elmnated; after ll t coud b actve and caue dca of those Pepso dentwhte teeth he vs of the ast fo etry nto the future throgh Dsneland Customs and mmgrato (and Interol) s staed wth exotcsm and folklore Hto becos a mrktlc whre ancnt cvlzatons as b the lescte of u rc ha s . h e ol d fe en a ong a st cv l zatons l e n the exte t of th value tod a nttnent nd enaton. nl, of corse, t duced to the ncan floorat uon whch the bourgoe adrngl we ther shoes. Sa Das, I ade a baga, I boht ths athentc old fry a for on thrty dol lrs Quack Donald But new ones on st t ou dont u nd tand New ns ant woh nh ng ntque o s vr much the thng nwd F 178 double ron age of the dead statu, were te uspended
87
or mpessed, is like a suermarket-museum. Like Disneyn, Caifoia US.A. it is mseet p whee yo c get the bain of e y, yo fvoite civilization: "Toay a eey Tesay Chi e -with Indi n s rni sce Jst s Don & Co. eed a photoph o a stte to tee the svia n memoy, ient tes e to be Disifie i photo gh o in in oe to e ba to i e Yo he to be b ie a li ve to oe to se Disney ohes inida existence i the sme spiit as he oes a foeig ciilization ad both comete fo success an the poa gation of thei petifie mage. his is suggested i stoy ee Dond is the ighwatchma in a wx mseum (0 46, C 1 i/59 ) . One night while e is t wo, costume bal taes place i he house opposite the museum he sme istocl figes with the sme clothes, faces a exessios etc.) ae peset at the bal as ae tfie i the wax museu Ievtably, oa fls sleep, and upon wakening mistaes
epla atio fo is oe of his tor. (A simiar attitud towards e movemet of histo emes om the stor cited ealie about U steystn, whe th big cit folk suff out a eoution d big Pince Char Mng (a plstic imttio of the mie ysty) bac ito powe. Donald canot accept any movement of histoy, eal o imaga). Whe he awes he espete ties to cotol the ea figes with oe stop the evoluto, yeing tht Qu een E zath, oa of A c A ttil the Hu , the whole m uum is wa lk ig aroud i the steet A this happeed because the guests at the costume bal had used as dels the me histoica fgues s are i th muu tunig the ast i to a oasis of etetai me a d orism. lthough i w ot his fault the episoe mes oal a celebrit ad he is e waed fo his wok as guadia of th ast He see to pef e th e pro fe ssio of gadia of e past i the iteests of he iohad peset. Moths have passed, and Uca oald is mking so mch moe he does' need t work a moe, sa the yougstes. es hes a
he moing I ive fiues o the wax oes He co ces that while he ws aseep evolutio too ce. pety, tee can no othe
fmous chaacte ow so famus hat h gets just fo lowig his w dumm to ehibite d at t he ms eum Ou o w nca .
wo ! rla L K D IT SM A �AIC W GH . ' V 0 F U N OR Y P N T� 15 I C E
.
89
no My Beanie-Bain is aiing his imina mind!" A soon as an iea is se in moion owas is h p p y go a I , a n 0 h e f a o en e s : he imneabe Taen is no enogh fo if i wee, he wo wo be foee peeemine Ch nce, fae, n bia foes ac on he ech of wi o en, n inoce socia mobi i in o he . I pemis in i is o spie n enjo I i e s ccess fo m i me o
diso ana in oi aion maks it possib to pa to go bon eeminism (in a wol hi is soial pretemined any way), an offs he nessay fos of supis n aiey in eah piso An appeane of anchy in he acion enows eah haae wih eibiiy and sspense, an gies a means of vi ous ientifiation to eads iving ev da in a onsan se of anxiet
ime, pie imiaions of heiis pesonliy Ths, Don,he efine s a faie, pbe of aing he biin MD, ase he was lucky: he iea he go was, fo one, speio o his nce's Gyo Geaoose, inispuab genis ie Lwig on Dae, aas n ineibe amon of ba The nephe as a e ombine o wih ine igen, b if es hem own, hey i ose The mobiliy been goo an ba is, owee, aailbe only to t dominant seto ta is, he good guys fom th ity who a emied mol oies, and ae aays alloed to edeem hemseles Fo infeio, imina lass, lu is aays eibe and thee is no even gimme of a goo iea If ee a o iea oes appea, i will geneay e he ownes o defeat an ape Thining is he ses oe ba o ai Thas fae On he as epesning o may be goene b haos, that is, he a of
Hee is o heomis iffeene isney an oe yp wheeween a spemn opeaes in a wol of oe govene by h la of oe Tazan an atman annot evia fo te nom; hey a iuibly o, an esen he phsia an menal quintssn of the whoe ivine a of o ey an ave no o n fi wih he est abl ishe ol d or i hemseves Thei usae fo moal etiud agans hieves soes h immaula hamon of the wod As vil is xpel, old is lft ni and lean, and an tk a olia ony tension hih ma ais in this oig and petiiv old divs fo t sa fo t eo's akns, is Ahills' l a idnifis wi his o baus h sas i im his ual sonality, t on ommonla, timi and inaabl and t ot su and oniotnt dua sonai (ark Kn/ Sua n ) i s a ans fo ovi ng fo
-ER T U10R
FOL /M MAYB W CAN SV E KI G
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91
consum t iv t im puc t itc b fig �upi t pt f t itt im. u t ct f cumpti giv t fig ! upiit v t i pvi t bi i cptc ti O cci i chct b t bk fm hi cti pit pm hbit d idtif imf wit tg t
W i ti Ai t t D i m ppu i t c ppgit gi thug th tvii pgm it t t ut c t ick Hu ik ub. ti Ai t t iti m i wit t impct t th mc ft upi utit t wit Mick h b i ti d Di p drco t
th h c f cc hi mt f th ch ct g c t iv i miic pw th it pitti i ick M A c hct wh dict i i t t tug git vi witt mdig cmp H i t upthig but pciic pht itut uii t cciv pw H d t k pi z v tg imf i vit w tiump i it w w g uck Mick it ctit u b i f w . t i hi diit whic gut ucc. t i im bv th ti pti w im t prtk ivi pw. H i
Tugh th fig Mik t i i it i fct if H t c w big tick cuc tt itigc gc Hi civu git i i p i itigui cut bt bck it t p i pbci it it umiu tip uig mttft i t i git pi gut t pp ppiti H v iu i p Mik tig t g bu i t ct c itut ig ct big pui pmt t miic piit t t t uti H k t piit t
mti but m t t mti w Thi m hp xpi hi pt cc i th it Stt up H i t tib cif th pviti h d t pbic p i Di A h pt
m tuf i. H u t uu b biti xt p it m p p m wic h prtk th tu Hi xti cut pw pp i t tu t
YO HAVE LP D US S P T E RVOLU N , D W L S BE G ARL T YOU . HW ? CN I RPAY
I P THEY AS K FOR Li M N.
2
n t y o, My t t ima o rmc, s t a passn, sontd aw t t ay I f icky is a a day i, ca t s i xtraordnary L, s rm s I fas prmannc cas t, too, on xtraorary n a crtan sns, Mcy prmannc s ym or a a mot ras ts ct of Micky w drstad ac o oman as mother i n ny
modrn city; a ttack t nr id d rd f tos w xoit t nsmrs waks by sn im ss obcts; dnonc t xcs ncntraton o wat? an, isn't th caractr o roo cDck a ra t oc ia at ir o n t rc d ? Wodnt ts von o y jt a t t wy o tc c ot t s o today' ord nd t cty o orcom tm Lt t o xm o sys ra o crtcim" nd t n act ty do avat t oct tmor o t comics n t ac o t ( 1 1 9, D L 7/70 a ays ar y o or t Jnor Wo ccks" r ty i ntmat rmony wt natr, nd t wst am, t ar and t a, ar ctonat r r," qit," at" oodns" ar owvr on to rd o y t t at, t arro tcooy o Uc croo An army o dozrs, trcks, a and montros
ony m n t Dsny dck i t piv and tmaty rivoos man, wo, rtains ony a u b ct to cos and adaton, tion of r soad minn natr in ppd in tis spricia asc f r n, an rinqiss tat otr mnt c, m tim immmora, as md r a ymo ) prmann A prmann ad on a ra, ica ratinsip t xistn On wic as d r a n ntra ar t of t ni vr s, an d art natra cyc o itsf o incorrat n t word of Disny is kind o ra r nn and motr ma wod b to injct an ibody, a raty ic wod tratn t
macin s, dvanc s n dy c st t ot yor od rors" nstad o trs, a mod cty" and t city o t tr" wi t: n tosand rick o s s , wit cimny s two miio inabi ants, wit ops, actoris, arkin ots and rf i nris n ry to t Wodc cks tton to rnt t contrcton, m t infriatin rsons drs, ars, and rds don't ay tax or y rrators cnooca dvomnt is jd to a arm atra orc, wc ts an athritaran ratoni twn t nd tos o it t tr as to a ay n orcs
urn to concrt day f xistnc o a mtr wo d xc d t n for t a hr icky Anotr trn of t rw, anotr circ Bt is tr not a sort crcit a rak in t nrita movmnt, n Disny criticizs t fcts o contmorary soty? Dos not timat racr cy; rdic Nort Amrica torist (in nca 8inca and t Mato ross, or xam; attack atmosric tion and cooica trcti; dnonc t atr committ y
o atr ract, at rt y, t wt catos arsivty, and nay wn or t mi onair dvor y monstratin tir utili. orst c m o s cod, s anxitis, and nro rjnat ath t nr o ttcmt to tr ran rorss, tr i a mora in and simp oodns, t norottn cd, wc rmits o to rtd om n day to t nxt ac t t cr of n tmorary n, on c oy , trn inward, rconci oc nm, r to t ord o natr, wr to y o roo atrs my rdm conqtor
hman tcooy; nonc soit pp in t
convnd, and inrt cand ntotr, natr s t art, rom vry or rats
\
T UMSK I , AL I HVE O D FOW N P
93
nd rescues cey, nd to be found wthn the depts of every person. So wen McDuck tres to put pure ar nto cns n orer to se t, te wd rves away te smog and runs h busness (TR Such crtc" s desgned to vate e sye, n oes not crtcze n yt h ng t ony pr ov es th t t s wa ys poss e, n fntasy, to mae the m agc um p rm oe tpe o uman g nto aother one more reoe wth te ost prse t was te Bk orest, the ony one et ro the gre t orests o en tmes," whch Srooge wnte to ut own . Mora one c n ntn ue vn g n t e cty as og s ther e rem ns n utmte reuge n the country nd s ong there survves the rety nd de of noe svge. Snce meek people mk by defn ton nd w ne ver dppe humn ty sved. Te tecnoogcl revouton s prmed b the perodc return to the tre long t keeps ts gea or oncoth on Ts s cuturl egresson t ts orst. The od ntur forces of nture wn out agnst the fse ntur fores f scence.
depon nfton etn the poor ho re hrdest ht) the declne n soc stndrs ( mpose d by the bou geoe ) tmospherc pouton (produced by n rtonl system eyond publc control) n dru buse but not t true cuses). h s the fce f democrtc deate, hch hle t pper t open up the proems defned the ourgeose s socay reevnt, rey nces the ubtle cen sors p th ey po e. h s d e oc r t deat e prevent s the u mmskng o f t he fll c of ree tought nd expresson (just consder the tretment n the med of the Vetn w, the Cubn nvson, the tuph o the cls e publ, the pece oveen wen lben etc) But Dney lo denune he s ed theselve He ndule n he t on plce nd ee o €d f elev n : e new hed of e f l th et e h r n f th e he p edn l e nd foolhne etc elevon even rupt Dnld 43 C n nepew, h n ne epde 3/ le he ffeton nd epe
Dsneystye crtcs unched fo the vewp ont o f t he ng enuous c h ld nobe v e thrd worldng who gnorn of the cue f technoogc excess t cnnot be nterpreted s n tck on the system tsef, for t doe not et the cuses of technoogcl excess Once n, scen s soted s hstorcl fctr, nd o uch o tht Go Gerloose ws mde rdcuou (except when he s e tke on n ev dverry, n whch cse he nstntly ecoes uccess he world to not red to pp recte me ut hve to lve n t nd ust try to dpt yelf (0 Snce there re no productve forces, poor Gy,
cu e e cn n eu e u t ce n tul televn e clled Cptn Gdbut A th en Dnld n te tn f e tcl ed of e f ced th he c Dnelnd nd te le ulue vl t u Cpn Gdbu eed ee e preh ve lvn n eote nd ex ne f e Gnd nn nld eue beleve e denunn e pn ud A enu evc! A nce f u nd he f ! nd cue nn nee He e u f e nd nn n n e
the md scentt often h to work wth rtve, anu ethods whch testfy to h useessness. n the cos no t eve n c entf c tons cn becoe ubversve Dne hope tt b nportn the eknesse of the stem well t strengths gznes w cure n ppernce f prtty Tey ebod purl otf nd crt er , d l er ty of expresn, nd whl e ootng ses, cretve reedo fo wrters nd tst Of course, Dsney chllenge to the stem s stereoyped nd soc ceptbe. Supp osed, t s comsed of conventon sred by ; rch nd poor nt e gent nd nornt, b
f e f u u e entent nd env) nd dcve te ehtorc ve e n el u e Abonle n n dd e exene e d lo cllened) Dnld und e b etn tped e ve vn t clote t e nd en vn e ved fro nd nen e plne enhe een on f b e ve) b e vl f Cptn Gdbu elf. Dnld ek ved b e ed bu e l punhed he dbu l he e ue tt t Dnld & C vled du! ct he p te ve n e en
nd m. t repets e coon cn of cul reet corner nd fter dnne convertn:
le ve ee ede ved) n n e dvenure feee en ndned
4
childn ou of a de ha pimiiv .
N ' l N
yo Lae ile g he eleviio oam ich boaa ei umiliaio o old onald & o. uefully eflec The y of i We no oly a exe ain Gdabou fo e fake e i e ave o i an ch ourves be e fakes!" elevision i e bible of con em ay livig. e cay a e umbilically aoun ih m o e ayon. I i ud o give e es ian cah couse in civilizaio chin hem o cook (duck) o aice o e ilo a lan Folloing T inuc sesio e savages dea fo civilizaio ched by e diaug ducks. Teye goig lip oad he cayon im o cvzatn h we ad o go They made i! ey nded up h all af ad soud ks o ou poable elly vee! Only he mas mmu ic ios e di c a b in p eo le d
bakad undedeveloped) plaeau illieae cilood. Te ole old of he ducks is eleiion lay hehe ey like i o no ee i o ecai i. We ll live in an enomous iney comic e have bavely o accep e fanasy a o oio ouelve i he heoic of uge eu o aliy Bee o acce he faay even if e ecely ko i o e fau ule becaue uoedly i offes pley of infomaio; ealhy amume nd salio Be aified i he ol of pcao oheie youll end u a uffi exa i e gea movie of life oald h ould- ciic i vidiively exod by h edia e is o ceen he is a of show oo is ellion led o e mos eible humiliaio a n d e made himelf all e moe idiculous o having aemed o ie hi o sceio Th ma media oce agai ave eeald hemselvs a meiaic invicible and ievocable iicism has been ioaed i od o povide a enee of plualim ad lihenm o nadicions in e syem a ued o fei moveme hich doe no lead y d suges a fuue hich ill neve com Th las cicl closes i o s l ciic l aalysis ous o ny oh he cui ops o h hisoical dam of h wol isey h oly chaac o sa is uai
Nephews:
"We'e ved Unca Doald! The guboat stopped firig 1 " I I A n d I samped ou al he uses. (0 364, CS 4/64)
Aacking Disey is no novelty; he hs ofen een exposed as he avelig lesman of the I Amerian agaon he propagandis of he ay of ife ad a spokesm o uneiy, Bu ue as it s such criiism misses he tue puse behid the maufatue of the Disey haacters ad the tue e they epreset to ependet ouries ike Chie The het eives
gesue are aicuaed in a cocee socia f which peope develop o esablish no ove naue and ende i poduciv e I is ees say o have a coheen a uid enta picue hs aea base ad he emoioa and ie ecua esponses i egedes s tha sociey can suvive and deveop Fo he oen people n d h eselve s nvoved in a ceai soia sys em - ha is fo con epon an bih is possibe fo he sciousess o develop withou beig based on concee maeial con diions In a socey where one class otols he eas of ecooic pouction that class also cools he eas o ineetua poducton
so much fro the embodme of he ercan Way of ife s ht of the Ameri a n Dea of Life I i s the mann e i hich he US rems ad redeems itsef ad the poses that deam upo othes for is o sal aon whch poses the ager for he epee uies I foces us Li Ameics o see useles as they see us Any socia l rea i ty ma y defi ed as he s san ileil tetio between a erial ase a d the supers tute hi h efle ts it d icipates i in the hum mid Values ies Weltanschuung, the mpyi iy iudes ad ndut on o he slightes
deas e e ngs i uiios n sho he very eaning o fe The bourgeosie have n fac ed nve he ue elatioship wee he aeial base ad he supersucure hey co ceive of eas as podutive o iches by means o he o n y un ai te a tt e hey kow gre y mat e a d h e hisory of h a iy be omes he hisoy of ieas o captue he rue message of Disey we must elec upo hese two compoens i his faasy wod o udestn pecisely in what ay he repeses realiy ad how his fatasy may e late o coce e soci al e xisence tha is he m ediae h st orical coitios The way
Donad
96
cciv h latinhip bwn bas upucu is cmal t way t ugii cciv this latonsi in t al f h dndn nts s wll s i ). Oc w nlysd th stl fnc and simlitis, w wll tt l udg h ffcs of isnytp mgzns on ci f unddlomn· I i by now, amly on tat t sny l i n in wc ll tilty s n g. All foms of odon l al hiso ical ) v n l imint n flic has n soil s bt is on tm f good ss bd, lucky sus So isny luc, a intllign sus supid aac can disns wit h mtal s piig vy tion in onc ydy l u thy a cainly n thal ngls ig au i u spac Ctiually w av h pupsfully hi livs flc his f h vday wold Sic isny a ugd himslf f sconday cnomic so dusial pducti, which ga is t mpay sciy n pw to h
hi ai a au l s igi a cfi, i limia ll ac f a Al l pduciv, pli yp f infasucu. maial civi ha n d, th m snc f which igt xps t falsiy f isnys fusio f ntinn and al wol, ad hi maiag of fnasy and lif Mat a bcm mi nd, so h a bcm psim, wok a bcom dnu nd vy y lif as bcm snsatonl nws im. iny's da a hus ly atil RO CTONS of soity wich as cd a tan sta of tl dlon. Ty sn a sustuctu of ls ia an ciia, which mk h lfimag f advancd citlist socity, and faciliat noc consmpin f ts ow aumaic as. Th idusial bugoisi mos thi lfvii up all h aids and aiais f h th cial scs, a hm an abad h utpic idology f h ttiy sc i use a a minal oci, a i pd a l pssibl fuu. Thi hisic upmac a a clas i aspd ad flc i h hi
ugii ad imialsm th i nly on faucu lf to giv bod s fntss uply mial fo is idas. t is t on hich automailly snts h conomic lf f hi chaacs: h tertiary sct Th sic c, which ao in th sic f indsty and ma is dndn u on i. A w hav obd, all th lationss in Dy ld a culivl nsumis mmitis in th maktlc of ojts nd a. h magain i of thi sitution. Th in isial mi islf as to sic a c dmandig nainm it is p of n tainmn nwok wos businss it s to
ch blishd ihi h is uiv b it i h ai th iduia l mi which slls t comics, i h lation b wn t cacts catd in h cmc. Th nly li th c (aulciy fl bugii) manags stablish ih h i y childnobl sgwok) i touistic an snsaionali. Th pma sucs c (h Tid Wld m a u f laying gld, th csqu xincs wi which hld bdm a bay Th ncnc f hi maginal sc i wha guaan h Duck bug h ousic salion, mginai animal, and his chldish uvnatin. h
lisu wi lisu disguisd s fn as Th cultual ndusty s t sol mining acin which as ugd s connts of so cs idusil conflits, and tfo s t ly mans of sc in futu wic ot i i imlly lokd y lty t s a plagud to wic ll ldn (an dls can c m, and whic vy fw cn la. h cn b no conft in isny bwn pucu and infstuctu T only maial bas l ( y, sic so is a nc dfnd as sstc. T h mov bou in lm of lis w umn bings a n long bst y mtl
pimiticountis infasucu f b th ilo Th Wld (an wht ty gcally ad scially bm nlgic ch f a lst pimivism, a wold f ui (and w mtials) ducd t a ctu scad t b nd b a sicointd wld. Ju as a isy chaa fl degna ciy lif sach f ctn nd n od o jusify hi walth oug adntu in aads so th fls hi histoic conflics in ac f cain i h innn Edn f ald & C This siu f maginal ols nd thi an fomaion into a l ost u ty, whi c cnno t undsd pt fom t istoic contadiions
. nsk lstntinmnt ogh is o fllFom u pa im,Thi hfis is,
sig fm adand i d l g ca ln ma i fstatcials ion s f socty, i s cn mi c
9
pulation and reresson he practices wth hs own reflection. Obviously, ts s equa th cse for moers and daugters as ell Tis book di o emae fom te crzied mid of vory toer individuas� but arses fro sugle to defeat e cl enem o is nd ou commo tei Our iticis as oi aacic about it Tese ae o ano sos in te ai, as Huey Deey and Loue ould ve t I is but oe meas of fueig te woe ocs of e oia Ciean and in Ameica Revoutio by ecogiig e eces sy of deeeig e cultul sfoio et us find out jus o muc of oald uck rmains t al lvels of hiea socey As long as s o ls i is smil in g couna ce so nncenty aut te stets of our uty s on s oald is oe ad our collective re-
resnttv h r p n sep n pace Sod, h fnts h n ts ecoes fd awy, avn mer rmace in ts stead But ony when th formuae of day lfe imsed upon s our nmy css, n th cult ue meiu m whc no w shp s ou s oca praxis s reshaped To t e ac cu sation tht ths s mer destructve study wich fai s t propse n l r ntve to t dfeatd sne, w can on rep that no ore is be to "ropos hs nvd solut to ts pobms Ther an b n et of experts n th reformaton of cture Wh b ece b th happens ater sne w soca practc of th peops sn emn ption It s fo t vnu orn n potca prt s ' to p c p hs xprenc e an ow t to fn ts fu humn xprssn
IT M UC H SElR B OW N OF
iH lH 10 PLAY I WM. J CN V < D ne " mf I U .
W SOUD WE VN ?
END
, B ! r tVE A C P BA L FOR E Y S \ � M E T G .