^RAND MCNALIY
Historica Atlas of the
^
•Afe' On. (sx0j^s^^9jh~~ Manager MacDonald
Editorial Project
Charles Digital
J.
Cartography Project Manager
Thomas Vitacco Manual Cartography Project Manager David Zapenski Digital Cartographer
Rob
Merrill
Manual Cartography Compilation and Editorial Robert K. Argersinger Gregory Babiak Jill
M.
Stift
Contributing Editors and Consultants Janet Abu-Lughod-Neu' School of Social Research Guy Allito- Universit}' of Chicago Ralph Austen- University of Chicago George Grantham-Soc/fl/ Studies Liaison Alan YsAala- University of Chicago James F. Maxxan- Chairman Emeritus, Social Studies, David Northrup-5o5roAi College
New
Trier
High School
R.R. Palxnex- Princeton University
John Ruedy-Georgetown University John Woods- University of Chicago
Cover Design Donna McGrath Cover Photo Credits Images provided by © 1997 PhotoDisc,
Inc.
Production Robert Sanders
The Afro-Eurasian Trade Circuits inset map on p.29 is adapted from "Before European Hegemony" by Janet Abu-Lughod. Copyright © 1989 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Used by permission of Oxford University Press,
Inc.
The maps "The Kingdom of Mali"-p.22, "Trade Routes between Africa and India"-p.22, "The Maya World 300-900 A.D."-p.23. "The Inca Empire"-p.23, and "The Aztec Empire 1463-1532"-p.23 are used with permission of Houghton-Mifflin Company. Copyright
©
1997 by Rand McNally
&
Co.
2001 Printing
work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by information stor-
All rights reserved.
No
part of this
age or retrieval system except by permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America
Rand McNally & Company Skokie, Illinois 60076
9-RM-02
C*RAND MCNALLY
Historical Atlas of the
World
4^^iflfeLvi*«L&rfl
r
Table of Contents Introduction
iRA
I -
.
.
.
Revolutions in the Atlantic World 1776-1826
.
The Beginnings
ot
Human Societ
Human hmergence on
54-55
North America/ Revolutionary War State Claims to Western Lands/ United States 1775-1800 Westv»?ard Expansion 1800-1850 Latin America about 1790 Latin America 1800-1900 Latin America After Independence 1821-1929 Canada 1792-1840 British
the Changing 4-5
Face of Earth
The Ancient World in the 7th Century B.C. Classical Greece and the Athenian Empire about 450 B.C
... .56
57 58-59 60-61
62-63
64-65
in 1850
66 67 68 69 70
in 1910
71
Dominion of Canada 1867 Ancient Persia 549 B.C.-651 A.D Han Dynasty 200 B.C.-220 A.D Alexander's Empire 336-323 B.C India 250 B.C. and 400 A.D China about 100 B.C Roman Republic 31 B.C Roman Empire about 120 A.D
8 9 10-11 12
14-15 16-17 18-19
Eastern and Southern Asia about 750 A.D Trade Routes between Africa and India The Kingdom of Mali The Maya World 300-900 A.D The Inca Empire 1463-1532 The Aztec Empire 1519 Africa c. 900 A.D Africa c. 1400 A.D Islamic World 800-1000 A.D International Trade 1350-1450 A.D
1810 in 1815 in
Industrialization of Industrialization of
Europe Europe
Unification of Germany-Bismarck's
13
Roman Empire about 400 A.D
Europe and the Crusader States about 1140 Asia at the death of Kublai Khan, 1294 Europe about 1360 European Civilization During the
Europe Europe
Empire
72 73 74-75
Unification of Italy
Expansion of Russia in Europe European Invasions of Russia Expansion of Russia in Asia Languages of Europe in the 19th Century
76 77 78-79
20-21
22 22 23 23 23 24 25 26-27 28-29
30-31 .
.
.
.32-33
34-35
European Partition of Africa The Civil War Campaigns of the Civil War
Europe's Age of Discovery: 15th-17th Centuries
38-39
Europe about 1 560 40 Ottoman Empire 1529-1789 41 The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires 42-43 in the 16th and 17th Centuries 44-45 East Asia in the 16th Century .46-47 Eastern and Southern Asia about 1775 48-49 The Holy Roman Empire 1648 50-51 Europe in 1721 52-53 Native America 1200-1525 .
.
.
82 83 84 85
Balkan Peninsula to 1914 Europe in 1914 Resistance to European Colonialism 1870-1917 The World about 1900 Asia 1900 Europe 1922-1940 The Pacific Area in World War II European Theatre-WWII 1941-1945
86-87
88-89 90-91 92-93
94 95
i:*:i.i^«.i!Tsi.m!T»si!frfmmwmafcna Eastern Mediterranean Area 1945-1990
36-37
Renaissance
80-81
The Korean and Vietnam Wars Post War United States, Caribbean, and Central America Political and Military Alliances- 1990 Economic Alliances- 1990 World Gross Domestic Product World Literacy World Languages World Religions The Physical World Today The Political World Today Index
.
.
.96-97
98 99 100 101
102 103
104 105 106-107 108-109
110-112
Introduction
is compiled, stored, and made accessible in a variety of ways. One maps. Historical maps provide a chronology of important events and show the impact these events had on the places where they occurred. Historical maps support and extend information from primary historical resources such as letters, treaties, and census data. Historical maps are summaries of past events presented in graphic form.
Information about the past
of these
ways
is
historical
The maps
in the Rand McNally Historical Atlas of the World portray the rich panoply of the They show how cultures and civilizations were linked and how they interacted. These maps make it clear that history is not static. Rather, it is about change and movement across time. The maps in this atlas show change by presenting the dynamics of expansion, cooperation, and conflict.
world's histor\' from preliterate times to the present.
Benefits of Using the
Rand McNally
Historical Atlas of the World
Events gain fuller meaning. Knowing where events took place gives them fuller meaning and often explains causes and effects. For example, the map showing Russia's expansion in Europe clearly illustrates a major territorial goal of the czars was to access warm water ports that would connect their realm to the world's seas
and oceans.
Connections among events are clarified. Through the visual power of historical maps, the links between and among events become clearer. The maps showing diffusion of languages and religions are good illustrations of this, as is the map of Native Americans that details the rise and fall of indigenous peoples of North and South America. Similarities and differences become apparent. The maps in this historical atlas provide the opportunity to compare and contrast places over time. The maps of Africa in the 1 0th and 1 5th centuries present time capsules of human migrations. They also act as an inventory of the continent's resources in two specific time frames.
The influence of sense of place is conveyed. Maps in this atlas can convey a people's sense
of place at a particular time in history.
The map
is a good illustration. The cartographer has deliberately centered the continent so the map's projection reflects the extent and ambition of Europe's exploration
of Europe's Age of Discovery at the
end of the Renaissance.
Trends emerge. Another benefit of using this historical atlas is that trends emerge. Maps of the westward expansion of the United States show how the nation was setded, what technologies were used, who was displaced, and in what sequence. In another example, the map of the Mogul Empire in India under Aurangzeb reveals how a dynasty can become powerfully established in little
more than
a century.
I
^JAiX
is- is
a .
niiiih
ALEXANDER'S EMPIRE: 336-323
B.C.
c.
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'
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Aria
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^MBi CORSICA
<^ ^ad^C ^•'^I'Wa
M
^
d
R
Roman ROMAN NAME
City
Names and Modern
MODERN NAME
Equivalents
ROMAN NAME
Caesar Augusta
Bologna Bordeaux Saragossa
Maiaca Caesarea Mediolanum Moguntlacum
Camiilodunum
Colchester
Nemausu$
Bononia Burdigala
Carales
Cagllarl
Ollslpo
Colonla Agrlpplna Deva
Cologne
Eburacum Emerlta Augusta Gades
York Merida Cadti
Patavlum Salmantica Thessalonlca Toletum Tolosa
Hispalls
Seville
Valentia
LIndum
Lincoln
Chester
Vlndobona
MODERN NAME
Kayserl
Milan
Mainz
NImes Lisbon
Padua Salamanca Salonika
.Toledo
Toulouse Valencia
Vienna
A
F
R
,
c
i:(*)rwn by
iMd
IKNally
1 Onpny.
CapeTowf^.
PEOPLE
Cape of Good Hope'''^
THE KINGDOM OF MALI Kingdom
of
Ghana.
Gulf of Gu, 1
1th century
Trans-Saharan trade n
1
1
Maya
civilization
ATLANTIC
^.,
V
OCEAN
Umoyyad.
Rustamids
(
"\v.
ISLAMIC WORLD Sunni 'Abbasid Caliphate under Shi'iteBuyid Control I
I
Other SunniTerritorie Capital Cities
C.
,
,
!
1
I
I
BBS
1000 _,.,.^
AD <
..
Shnte ^Fatimids ^.
Shi'iteHamdanids Shi'ite
Oarmathians QARAKHANIDS
UMAYYAD .•€ADPHATE<,
30^'
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,
G«42AMW05
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:
CHARLEMAGNE'S EMPIRE Showing
^^^.::r^' J.
PIUSSIA
DOM O
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l-A'
Thc«lon.ci
<,
7°U'OU3C)0
-»-
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CAUPHate
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•Saragossa
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-^-_.-
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St*-*
Of
814
Division by Treaty of Verdun 843
^^:
^--
CYPRUS (i
CRETE '^^^^::?5i^
.
H
j
EUROPE'S AGE OF DISCOVERY 15th-1 7th CENTURIES
n
GMgraphical Society
A II A \
I
OCEA:
SPAIN
^"
THE OTTOMAN, SAFAVID, AND MUGHAL EMPIRES INTHE 16TH AND 17TH CENTURIES I
I
I
I
Ottoman Empire
to 1360
Ottoman Empire
to 1481
Ottoman Empire and its Dependencies in the 16th and 17th Centuries Safavid Empire
I
\
I
I
I
Kingdom
of
or
the 16th Century
Babur
Mughal Empire
Towns
in
in
in
1525
I
1
''
1^^^
Area Disputed with Safavids and Uzbeks
Ottoman Capitals Safavid Capitals
Towns with Large Portuguese Population Date
Area Disputed with Uzbeks
1635
Mughal Capitals
^
^i"i"'
Area Disputed with Safavids
\//y\
Settlements
of Control
after 1635
the 16th Century
1
'.
Main PortugueseTrade Settlements a
in
1
•
1
[
Mughal Lands Conquered
Uzbek States
I
Site and Date of 'fiu" Important Battle
k.
0--
Ooa.
n m
&"'
A
MING EMPIRE
Bay of
INDIAN OCEAN
OC^
p
...^,._.,>'
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EASTERN AND SOUTHERN ASIA About 1775
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EUROPE
IN 1721
After the treaty of Utrecht, 1713, and Associated Treaties
Boundary
of Holy
Roman Empi
Dutch Barrier Forts
r^i
T
r-^^t|
i
il
^-'V"
^f^
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IN
REVOLUTIONS THE ATLANTIC WORLD,
i^
A^ >=
*>**
1776-1826
lyon<>
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c
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Q
til
LANGUAGES OF EUROPE In Miies
»
the 19th Century loo
«a
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2^
iDDSDIDI
so < LU
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^
i
° "
c
c
I
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i
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Q.
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DDDDDDD
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I
:
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RESISTANCE TO EUROPEAN COLONIALISIVl 1870-1917 I
I
I
Belgian British
|
HH
Danish
Dutch
SOUTH AFRICA
I
I
French
|
German
\
|
Italian
Portuguese |
I
I
|
|
Russii
Spani
SPHERES OF INFLUENCE United States
^
frn,°J, resi'stance
CD
British
HD
German
s
IDIAN OCEAN
WZEAlANb'
r
'*^"
-%,. ,
%.
^
/? HonqKonq HongKg«^^ (/ -^ -^--^
OWnawa Mar-Apr, 1945
W IwOJimB Feb. 1945
'hilippine
!.
Sea
June
1944^ ^"
Wake Island
1|f Dec. 1941
Saipan, Tinian,
& Guam
,Jun&July1944
Truk Islands
Kwajalein Jan. 1944
Tarawa
Hollandia
tAK^944
«N.
Bougainville
nov.i943
9*1
%t Coral Sea
250
miles
melers
o
500
750
500 1000
1500
EUROPEAN THEATRE-WWII:
^.'
"^'s'
Israel allei
Warol Independence
19489
22
occupied by
Territory
Israel,
1967
Oil pipelines
Selected holy cities and shrines
1 Muslim J
Christian
J
Jewish
Religious composition of populalionl 1 978)
Muslim
^^
^
Jewish
Christian
day April
1986
Net importers of
oil
oil
T Others
production.
>CT)
1985
-
Category
400
GDP Under
a
BilllllDI 'NV3doan3'OaNi-
iiina
DDIID
106
World Physical
World Physical
^^^^^*»;^^0^^-4^^^m^:
107
ISO-
(
165
2
150-
3
Chicago.
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UNITED STATE? Los Angeles" _^
-^ouston.
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105'
5
30
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>
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CUTAIU
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t^ f
:^L5*""
'
COLOMBIA
1
V V
1=^
\
igUo de Janeiro
ftrnmy
Santiagoe -*
1000
5
Buenos*
^\
2000 Miles
Aires
"^^1^)
International
V.
Boundary
Oriomls. (U.i.l
2
12
Casablanca /
ATL^NTI
m OCEAN
15
?^^Jh%TS?D.C.
Mexico City*
1
n
'
^-
\
TBS*
'v
4
/
'-
"""
/
135
150'
3
135'
4
12&
5
105'
6
90
7
75'
S
60
9
45'
W
30'
3
tS'
u X
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Mumba..'
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(Bombay)
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nuaui
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ISO'
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24
C E
A
Index The following index the
maps
lists
important place names appeann
in the Historical
Alias of the World. Countries
regions are indexed to the several areal
and
political
development
at
maps which
portray
a
Ih(
successive periods. In j
al.
each index entry includes a
map
reference key and the
page number of the map. Alternate names and spellings a
added
in
parentheses.
CIcvcs (Oeve). duchy
of:
C.164S Coblenz (Koblenz)
Cochin China: c.
c.
IT75
IWO
Coelesyria
Colombia: in
in
1819
C3 D4
4S
.07
47
F7
91
E4
10
G3
54 63
1850-1900 .Grcal
Colonialisni. itsblaiKC
48
E5
64
Lunda
Lung Yu Kazan
Kcdah
Kcmptcn Kerala
Kham Khmer empire (Kambujadesa)...
Khwarezm Kiangsi Kilara
.-.
Kokand
Kongo Konkan Korea: C.1775
1910
in
Korean War
Koryo (Korea) ..B3
Kuannei
B
Kuban
B:
Ku'bar Kublai Khan, dominions
of.
Kurdistan:
O
in
Ottoman empire
in
1914
D'
in
1921
Gl
Kushan empire
A(
Kuweil (Kuwait)
Kwangsi
e;
Kwangtung
Hi
Kwcichow
E'
Kyushu
CS
L Labrador
C'
Laconia
....D2
Ladakh
C4
Langkasuka
G"
Laos:
La
in
1900
F7
G5
1790
Plata: c.
1800-50
in
Latin America: in
1800-1900
in
1821-1929
c.
Latvia: in 1940
1790
C5
Lebanon Lc6n, kingdom of
D2
Liberia
El
Libya: in 1922-40
H4
Lingen
C3
Lingnan
D8
Lippe:c.l648
(3»
1867
C3 D7 B6
c.
Lithuania: c.
c.
1360
1560
inl721
88
c.
1795
in
1940
D2 D5 D9 A6
Little
Poland
Livonia: c. 1560 in
1721
Locris, Ozolian
Lombardy: in in
c.
814
1815
1859
Lorraine:
c.
1360
88 C3 C8 D4 A5 E4
c.
1648
F3
in
1721
E5
in
1871
D3
Louisiana Purchase
Luba Lubeck Lucca:
in
1847
84 B5
0""70609"83969""i
ISBN:
528-;
