PYRAMID
1. 2. 3. 4.
offe offeri ring ng chap chapel el mort mortua uary ry chap chapel el elev elevate ated d causew causeway ay-- passag passage e valle valley y buildi building ng-- embalmm embalmment ent
MASTABA
1. stele 2. serdab 3. sarc sarcho hopa pagu gus s ROCK- CUT TOMB
1. sanctu ctuary ary 2. sepu sepult ltur ural al cham chambe ber r TEMPLE- EGYPTIAN
1. 2. 3. 4.
phylon hypa hypaet ethr hral al cour courtt hypo hypost styl yle e hall hall sanctu ctuary ary
PALACE- ASSYRIAN
1. serag seraglio lio-- palac palace e prop proper er 2. hare haremm- family family apart apartmen ments ts 3. khan khan-- ser servi vice ce MEGARON- EARLY GREEK DOMESTIC UNIT
1. encl enclos osed ed porc porch h 2. megaron megaron properproper- livin living g compar compartmen tments ts 3. thala thalamus mus-- slee sleepin ping g room room TEMPLE- GREEK HELENIC PERIOD
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. !.
fron frontt por porti tico co crepidom crepidomaa- styloba stylobate, te, sterioba steriobate te pro na naos naos epinaos epinaos posticu posticum m w or or w opist opisthod hodomos omos peroma
GREEK ORDER
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. !.
cornice frie"e archit chitra rad de capital shaft base
DORIC ORDER
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
abacus echinus trac rachelio elion n hypo hypotr trac ache heli lion on entas entasisis- slig slight ht curv curvat ature ure
IONIC ORDER
1. 2. 3. 4.
abacus echinus- volute shaft base- torus, plinth
CORINTHIAN ORDER
1. abacus 2. cauli-coli 3. achantus leaves GREEK TEMPLE
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. !. #. $.
acroterion pediment tympanum raking cornice entablature triglyph metope crepidoma
MASJID/ MOSQUE
3 types% 1. &ami 'as(id &riday 'os)ue- biggest 2. 'adrasa- colligiate mos)ue, learning 3. *omb 'os)ue CHARACTERISTICS OF FRIDAY MOSQUE:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. !. #.
'a)sura- screen +ikka- reading desk 'ihrab- niche 'imbar- palpit iwanit- colonnade &awara- fountain ahn- open space
stele- slab serdab- statue chamber thalamus- sleeping room, megaron dromos- tholos passageway peroma- space bet naos wall and column lacunaria- coffer, ceiling volute- spiral scroll in ionic, corinthian column themenos- acropolis, sacred enclosure pinacotheca- bldg that holds painting glyptotheca- bldg that hold sculpture
EGYPTIAN RCHITECTURE
haracter% simplicity, massiveness, monumentality 'aterial% stone and brick ystem% columnar and trabaeted 'astaba of *hi, akkara/yramid of 0i"eh- heops, hepren, 'ykerinos *ombs of the ings, *hebes *he 0reat *emple of rnak greatest eample of gyptian temple6 0reat phin at 0i"eh god horus6 7anging 0ardens of 8abylon- 9itruvius : ;ebuchadne""ar gyptian rchitects% enusurets- built the earliest known obelisk at 7eliopolis menemhat <- founded the great temple at arnak *hothmes <- began the additions to the temple of mnon arnak menophis <<<- built the famous olossi of 'emnon =ameses <- began the hypostyle hall at arnak eti <- built the temple at bu- imber /tolemy <<- built the pharos of ight 7ouse /tolemy <<<- founded the 0reat eradeum at leandria
ASIASIASTIC ARCHITECTURE- WEST ASIA BABYLONEAN AND ASSYRIAN
haracter% simplicity, massiveness, grandeur 'aterial% brick ystem% arch and vault /rincipal buildings% >iggurat% holy mountains /alace of arbon, orsabat PERSIAN architect of light and airy magnificence, open type plan6
ystem% royal palace are built on platforms to achieve monumentality % columnar and trabaeted /alace /latform, /ersopolis /ropylaea, ?eres /alace of +arius /alace of erces 7ypostyle 7all of erces 7all of 7undred olumns
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
haracter% implicity : harmony /urity of line /erfection of proportions =efinement of details 'aterial% marble ystem% columnar and trabaeted /alace ing 'inos, nossos cropolis, thens - /ropelea- gateway - /inacotheca- paintings - 0lyptotheca- sculptures - tatue of thena /romochos - rechtheion- unusual because of carriage porch - 'nesicles - @ld *emple of thena - /arthenon- largest - geatest eample of greek architecture - archt. eus, grigentum- 2 nd largest - archt *heron - 3 naos - tlantes figure *emple of rtemis- archt +einocrates - master sculptor- copas *heater of +ionysus, thens- prototype - largest for 3A,AAA people *heater of pidauror- most beautiful : preserved - archt /olycletos
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
haracter% 9astness : magnificence @lstentation : ornateness 'aterial% po""olana : lime ystem% columnar, trabaeted : arcuated &orum =omanum- oldest : most important &orum of *ra(an- largest forum *emple of 9enus, =ome- ppolodorus of +amascus /antheon =ome ta. 'aria =otunda6- gripa corinthian temple6 *ra(anBs 8asilica, =ome- ppolodorus of +amascus *hermae of aracalla *hermae @f +iocletian olloseum, =ome- vast ellipse- rchts- 9espasian, +omitian ircus maimus, =ome- largest 'ausoleum of gustus, =ome 'ausoleum of 7adrian, =ome astle of ngelo6 /alaces of meperors, =ome- by emeperor gustus /alace of +iocletian, palato- largest
EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE
haracter% implicity in design and treatment oarseness in eecution 'aterial% savaged from pagan structures 8asilican plan for churches east oriented6 ystem% trabaeted : arcuated 8asilican hurch of t. /eter, =ome hurch of t. Cohn ateran . lemente, =ome *orcello athedral . abrina, =ome hurch at Dalb ou"eh
BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE
haracter% implicity in eternal design =ichness in internal treatment 'aterial% bricks used for walls : concrete for domes 'arble for columns ystem% fusion of domical construction ta. offia of onstantinople, 7agia ophia- for emperor Custinian rch. rthemus of *ralles
haracter% ober : +ignified 'aterial% stone : brick for 0ermany ystem% arcuated principle of e)uilibrium through vaulting system made up of rib : panel vaulting /rincipal building% athedral- 0reek cross plan east oriented6 ountries that adapted =omanes)ue% <*G &=;7 =@';DH 0='; =@';DH /isa athedral /isa ampanile athedral 8aptistery 'adeleine 9e"elay- earliest form of cross-pointed vault in &rance bbaye-u 7omes, aen @rder- prototype of 0othic Iorms athedral- emperor harlemagne bbey of 8omay . emin, *oulousse utun athedral ahors athedral a >i"a, /alermo 'onreale athedral ubeck athedral . *rophime, rles . >eno 'aggiore, 9enice *rier athedral
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
&rance- style ogivale - lofty : aspiry )uality - structural honesty - economy in use of material ystem% rcuated w /ointed rches 'aterial% stone /rincipal building% athedral- atin ross west oriented6 ountries that adapted 0othic% &=;7 0@*7< ;0<7 0@*7< 80
'onastery Iestminster bbey- largest 8enedictine &ounation *riple group of monastery oronation church : burial place for ng kings =oyal /alace- parliament : 8ig 8en Iestminster hurch- highest astles *ower of ondon- builder 8ishop 0undolf for Iilliam < 'anor 7ouse 7ampton ourt /alace- archt ardinal Iolsey Hniversity Hniversity of @ford ambridge Hniversity 7all hurch t. li"abeth, 'anburg- typical church in 0ermany ologne athedral- largest gothic church in ;orthern urope 'ilan athedral- 2 nd largest church in urope archt 7enrich 9on 0munden ienna athedral- stripped marble found in walls : tiers of church anto orce- rnolfo de ambio, 1 of largest in urope &lorence athedral- combination of gothic : renaissance rnolfo de ambio &amous group bldg in the world +ogeBs /alace in
RENAISSANCE- Erebirth of classicalF
haracter% +ignity : &ormality achieved thru symmetry ystem% *rabaeted and rcuated lements% pediment, hori"ontal cornice, columnar arcade ountries that adapted =ennaisance% <*G &=;7 =;<; 0='; =;<; /;<7 =;<; ;0<7 =;<; 8runelleschi- most famous architect in
&lorence athedral,
=enaissance =enaissance =enaissance
&=;7 =;<; hateau de 8ury typical &rench chateau6 hateau de 8lois spiral shell staircase6- eonardo da 9inci •
/alaces /alais de ouvre historical artifacts6- /ierre escot /alais de *uilleries- /hilbert de Barme
residence of &rench rulers till 1$#K6 /alais de 9ersailles for ouis iv6- e 9au hurches hurch of the orbonne- e 'ercier +ome of the
rchitects%
RE'I'AL ARCHITECTURE- ()TH CENTURY ARCHITECTURE
'arked by 8attle of tyle- conflict between 0@*7< : < 8ritain 0reek =evival : 0raeco =oman =ailway 8uildings /ersonalities wn /ugin rystal /alace- . Coseph /aton omerset 7ouse- . I. hambers 8ank of ngland- . Cohn oane 0othic =evival =enaissance =evival /ersonalities iver /ool athedral- .0. cott Iestminter /alace- . harles 8arry •
entral urope ;eo =enaissance 'adeleine /aris- 9ignon rc de *riomphe- halgrin 8randenburg 0ate 7igh ;eo =enaissance 9otive hurch, 9ienna- &ernstel ;eo- 8aro)ue /aris @pera 7ouse- harles 0arnier •
EARLY *+TH CENTURY
=it" 7otel- first building made of reinforced concrete : glass after war - 'ewes : +avies cole +es 8eau-rts- rchitectural +esign cole de polytechni)ue- ngineering
AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE- 0eorgian olonial rchitecture
Ihite 7ouse, Iashington- 'ckim, 'ead : Ihite
MUSLIM ARCHITECTURE
0reat 'os)ue 'ecca +ome of the =ock, Cerusalem- holiest place 0reat 'os)ue ordova- capital of
INDIAN ARCHITECTURE
0reat tupa anchi- characteristic of
ngkor *hom- founder Cayavarman - center of town 8ayon main temple 54 towers6 ngor Iat- one of architectural wonders of world - largest religious structure in the world, behive shape towers INDONESIAN ARCHITECTURE - 7indu influenced stone carving6
8orubodur- largest budhist temple
