Hamza Hmt Lab Report

FREE AND HEAT AND MASS FORCED  TRANSFER  TR ANSFER CONVECTION LAB REPOR REPORT T

Submitted to: M! A"mad Ad#a# Submitted b$ b$:: Ma%i& Ham'a ("a%id  )1*+,+1+-+.

FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION

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Table of Contents 1!

ABSTRACT ABSTRACT:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! :!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!! *

*!

TITLE: TITLE: FREE AND AND FORCED FORCED CONVECT CONVECTION!!! ION!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!/ !!!!!!!!!!/ *!1!

OB0ECTVE: OB0ECTVE:!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!! /

*!*!

FREE AND FORCED FORCED CONVECTION CONVECTION HEAT HEAT E ECHAN2 CHAN2ER!!! ER!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!/ !!!!!!/

*!/!

INTROD3CT INTROD3CTION! ION!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!! !! /

*!-!

DESCRIPT DESCRIPTION:! ION:!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!! !!! /

*!,!

EPERIMENTAL EPERIMENTAL CAPABILITIES!!!!!!!!!! CAPABILITIES!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! -

*!4!

THEOR5!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! THEOR5!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!! -

*!4!1! *!4!1!

FREE CONVECTI CONVECTION!!! ON!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!-

*!4!*! *!4!*!

FORCED FORCED CONVECTI CONVECTION:!! ON:!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!-

ETENDED ETENDED S3RFACE!!!!!!!! S3RFACE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!! , *!4!/! *!4!/!

TEMPER TEMPERA AT3RE DISTRIB3 DISTRIB3TION TION ALON2 ALON2 ETENDED ETENDED S3RFACE! S3RFACE!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!4 !4

*!4!-! *!4!-!

HORI6ONT HORI6ONTAL AL AND VERTICA VERTICAL L FLAT PLANE PLANE IN FREE CONVECTION CONVECTION:!!!!!! :!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!4 !!!!!!4

*!7!

PROCED3RE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! PROCED3RE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! 7

*!!

EPERIMEN EPERIMENT T:!!!!!!!!! :!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!7 !!!!!!!!!!7

*!!1! *!!1!

OB0ECTIVE OB0ECTIVE!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!7 !!!!!!!!!!!7

*!!*! *!!*!

PROCED3R PROCED3RE:!!! E:!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!! 

-!1!1!

OBSERV OBSERVATIONS:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! TIONS:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 

*!!-!

2a8"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 2a8"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!! 

/ ! E98eime#t  ,!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ,!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ; /!1!

Obe Obe?!!! ?!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!; ;

/!*!

E@ui8me# E@ui8me#tt Set38!!!! Set38!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!; !!!!!;

/!/!

E@ui8me# E@ui8me#tt ?etu8!!!!! ?etu8!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !! 1+

/!-!

Po=ed Po=edue ue!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!! 1+

/!,

Ob?e>ati Ob?e>atio#? o#?!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!! !! 1+

/!4!

2a8"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 2a8"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! 11 CONCL3SION:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! CONCL3SION:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! 11

FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION

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1. AB ABST STRA RACT CT::  T"e gi?t o t"i? e98eime#t i? to ?tud$ o#e o t"e mode? o "eat ta#?e =o#>e=tio#! Co#>e=tio# "a? to t$8e? o=ed a#d ee =o#>e=tio#! I# ome e ?tud$ ?tud$ t"e e%atio e%atio# # betee# 8oe a#d ?ua=e ?ua=e tem8eatu tem8eatue! e! G"eea? G"eea? %ate dea%? it" t"e ?tud$ o e%atio#?"i8 betee# a# >e%o=it$ a#d tem8eatue! Bot" o t"e?e e%atio#? ae e8e?e#ted ga8"i=a%%$ to a#a%$'e a#d i#te8et t"e data!

FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION

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2. TITL TITLE: E: FREE AND FORC FORCED ED CONV CONVECTI ECTION ON 2.1. OBJECTVE:  T"e mai# obe obe o t"i? e98eime#t e98eime#t i? to ?tud$ ?tud$ t"e ="aa=tei?ti=? ="aa=tei?ti=? o o ee a#d o=ed =o#>e=tio#! 2.2. .2.

FRE REE E AN AND FOR FORC CED CO CONVEC VECTIO TION HEA HEAT T EX EXCHANE ANER R

2.!. INTROD"CTION Heat ta#?e b$ ?imu%ta#eou? =o#du=tio# a#d =o#>e=tio# "et"e ee o o=ed om? t"e ba?i? o mo?t i#du?tia% "eat e9="a#ge? a#d e%ated e@ui8me#t! T"e mea?ueme#t a#d 8edi=tio# 8edi=tio# o "eat ta#?e =oe=ie#t? o ?u=" =i=um?ta#=e? i? a="ie>ed i# t"e EES# F$ee % Fo$&e' o$&e' Con(e&t) Con(e&t)on on Heat Heat E*&+an, E*&+an,e$ e$ b$ ?tud$i#g t"e tem8eatue 8oJ%e? a#d "eat Ku9 i# a# ai du=t it" a??o=iated Kat a#d e9te#ded ta#?e ?ua=e?! T"e >eti=a% du=t i? ?o =o#?t =o#?tu= u=ted ted t"at t"at t"e t"e ai tem8e tem8eatu atue e a#d >e%o=i >e%o=it$ t$ =a# be eadi eadi%$ %$ mea?u mea?ued ed a#d a >aiet$ o 8%ugi# modu%e? o "eated ?o%id ?ua=e? o &#o# dime#?io#? =a# be 8e?e#ted to t"e ai ?team o detai%ed ?tud$! A a# ?ituated at t"e to8 o t"e du=t 8o>ide? t"e ai ?team o o=ed =o#>e=tio# e98eime#t?! A Co#to% Pa#e% =o#tai#? tem8eatue mea?ueme#t 8oe =o#to% a#d a# ?8eed =o#to% =i=uit? it" a88o8iate i#?tume#tatio#! Tem8eatue mea?ueme#t to a e?o%utio# o 1 oC i? ee=ted u?i#g T"emo=ou8%e ?e#?o? it" die=t digita% eadout i# +C! Ai >e%o=it$ i? mea?ued it" 8otab%e a#emomete mou#ted o# t"e du=t!  T"e 8oe =o#to% =i=uit 8o>ide? a =o#ti#uou?%$ >aiab%e e%e=ti=a% out8ut o +1++ att? it" a die=t eadout i# att?! 3?i#g t"e i#?tume#tatio# 8o>ided ee a#d o=ed =o#>e=ti>e "eat ta#?e =oe=ie#t? ma$ be detemi#ed o:  1! A Kat ?ua=e *! A# aa$ o =$%i#de? )8i##ed "eat ?i#&. /! A# aa$ o J#? )J##ed "eat ?i#&. Ea=" Ea=" modu%e modu%e ma$ be u?ed u?ed i#de8 i#de8e#d e#de#t e#t%$ %$ o# t"e be#=" be#=" to e?tab% e?tab%i?" i?" ee ee =o#>e= =o#>e=tio tio# # =oe=ie#t? o "oi'o#ta% oie#tatio#!  T"e a88aatu? a88aatu? i? u%%$ ?e% ?e%=o#tai#ed! =o#tai#ed!

2.-. DESCRITION: # Fo$&e' Con(e&t)on Heat E*&+an,e$ =o#?i?t? o a >eti=a% e=ta#gu%a  T"e EES  F$ee % Fo$&e' du=t ?u88oted b$ ?ta#d a#d a =o#to% 8a#e%! A Kat 8%ate 8i##ed o J##ed e9="a#ge ma$ be i#?ta%%ed i# t"e du=t a#d ?e=ued b$ a @ui=&e%ea?e =at=" o# ea=" ?ide! Ea=" e9="a#ge i#=o8oate? a# e%e=ti= "eati#g e%eme#t it" t"emo?tati= 8ote=tio# agai#?t o>e"eati#g!  T"e tem8eatue tem8eatue at t"e ba?e o ea=" e9="a#ge e9="a#ge i? mo#itoed mo#itoed b$ a t"emi?to ?e#?o it" =o##e=ti#g %ead!  T"e e9="a#ge e9="a#ge i# u?e u?e ma$ be >ieed t"oug" t"oug" a# a# a=$%i= i#do i#do i# t"e a%% a%% o t"e du=t! du=t! FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION

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A# u8ad Ko o ai ma$ be ge#eated i# t"e du=t it" a >aiab%e ?8eed a# mou#ted at t"e to8 o e=ta#gu%a e=ta#gu%a du=t! Ai >e%o=it$ i# t"e du=t "et"e #atua% o o=ed i? i#di=ated o# a 8otab%e a#emomete "e%d i# a ba=&et o# t"e du=t a%%! T"e a#emomete ?e#?o i? i#?eted t"oug" t"e a%% o  t"e du=t!  Tem8eatu  Tem8eatue e ?e#?o? ae 8o>ided o t"e mea?ueme#t mea?ueme#t o t"e i#goi#g a#d outgoi#g ai tem8eatu tem8eatue? e? toget"e toget"e it" ?ua=e tem8eatu tem8eatue? e? o e9="a#g e9="a#ge e 8i#? a#d J#?! A digita% digita% eadout i#di=ate? t"e tem8eatue u?i#g a t"emi?to 8obe =o##e=ted to a Ke9ib%e %ead!  T"e?e tem8eatue? tem8eatue? ae ae detemi#ed b$ i#?eti#g t"e 8obe t"oug" a==e?? "o%e? i# t"e du=t a%%! A =o#to% 8a#e% i#=o8oate? a >aiab%e 8oe egu%ato egu%ato it" a digita% eadout to =o#to% a#d i#di=ate 8oe ?u88%ied to t"e e9="a#ge o# te?t! T"e e9="a#ge i? =o##e=ted to t"e 8a#e% >ia t"e ?u88%$ %ead! A >aiab%e %o >o%tage D!C! ?u88%$ i? 8o>ided o t"e a# >ia t"e ?u88%$ %ead! Poe i? ?u88%ied to t"e e@ui8me#t >ia a ?u88%$ %ead =o##e=ted to =o#to% 8a#e%! 1 * / ,

2./. EXERI0ENTAL CAABILITIES Demo Demo#? #?t tat atio io# # o t"e t"e e%at e%atio io#? #?"i "i8 8 bet betee ee# # i#8u i#8utt a#d a#d ?u ?ua= a=e e tem8 tem8e eat atu ue e i# ee ee =o#>e=tio#! Demo# Demo#?t ?tati atio# o# o t"e e%ati e%atio# o#?"i ?"i8 8 betee betee# # i#8ut i#8ut a#d ?ua ?ua=e =e tem8e tem8eatu atue e i# o=ed o=ed =o#>e=tio#! Demo Demo#? #?t tat atio io# # o t"e t"e u?e u?e o e9te e9te#d #ded ed ?u ?ua= a=e? e? to im8 im8o> o>e e "eat "eat ta# ta#? ?e e om om t"e t"e ?ua=e! To detemi#e detemi#e t"e tem8eatue tem8eatue di?tibutio# di?tibutio# a%o#g a%o#g a# e9te#ded ?ua=e! Com8ai? Com8ai?o# o# o a "oi' "oi'o#ta o#ta%% a#d >eti= >eti=a% a% Kat 8%ate 8%ate i# i# ee ee =o#>e=ti =o#>e=tio#! o#! 2..

THEOR  

2..1.FREE CONVECTION CONVECTION A "eated ?ua=e ?ua=e di? di??i8a ?i8ate? te? "eat 8imai%$ 8imai%$ t"oug" t"oug" a 8o=e?? 8o=e?? =a%%ed =a%%ed =o#>e=tio#! =o#>e=tio#! Heat i? a%?o di??i8ated b$ =o#du=tio# a#d adiatio# "oe>e t"e?e ee=t? ae #ot =o#?ideed i# t"i? e98eime#t! e98eime#t! Ai i# =o#ta=t it" t"e t"e "ot ?ua=e i? "eated b$ b$ t"e ?ua=e a#d i?e? i?e? due to a edu=tio# i# de#?it$! de#?it$! T"e "eated ai i? e8%a=ed b$ =oo%e ai "i=" i? i# tu# "eated b$ t"e ?ua=e a#d i?e?! T"i? 8o=e?? i? =a%%ed ee =o#>e=tio#!  T"e "otte t"e tem8eatue o t"e ?ua=e t"e geate t"e =o#>e=ti>e =ue#t? =ue#t? a#d moe "eat )8oe. i%% be di??i8ated! I moe 8oe i? ?u88%ied to a ?ua=e t"e tem8eatue o  t"e ?ua=e mu?t i?e to di??i8ate t"i? 8oe!

Watt

T34)&al ,$a4+ of 4o5e$ a,a)nst s6$fa&e te74e$at6$e

FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION

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2..2.FORCED CONVECTION: CONVECTION: I# ee ee =o#> =o#>e= e=ti tio# o# t"e t"e "eat "eat ta# ta#? ?e e ate ate om om t"e t"e ?u ?ua= a=e e i? %imi %imite ted d b$ t"e t"e ?ma% ?ma%%% mo>eme#t? mo>eme#t? o ai ge#eated ge#eated b$ t"i? "eat! "eat! Moe Moe "eat i? ta#?e ta#?eed ed i t"e ai >e%o=it$ i? i#=ea?ed i#=ea?ed o>e t"e "eated ?ua=e! T"i? 8o=e?? 8o=e?? o a??i?ti#g t"e mo>eme#t o ai o>e o>e t"e "eated "eated ?ua=e i? =a%%ed Fo=ed Fo=ed Co#>e=tio#! Co#>e=tio#! T"eeo T"eeoe e a "eated ?ua=e ?ua=e e98eie# e98eie#=i#g =i#g o=ed =o#>e=tio# i%% "a>e a %oe ?ua=e tem8eatue t"a# t"at o t"e ?ame ?ua=e i# ee =o#>e=tio# o t"e ?ame 8oe i#8ut!

Velo&)t 3

tH 9 tA  T34)&al  T34)&al ,$a4+ of a)$ (elo&)t3 a,a)nst s6$fa&e t e74e$at6$e

EXTENDED S"RFACE S"RFACE Heat ta#?e om a# obed b$ i#=ea?i#g t"e ?ua=e aea i# =o#ta=t it" t"e ai ai! I# 8a=ti= 8a=ti=e e it ma$ be be di=u%t di=u%t to i#= i#=ea?e ea?e t"e t"e ?i'e ?i'e o t"e t"e bod$ to to ?uit! ?uit! I# t"e?e t"e?e =i=um?ta#=e? t"e ?ua=e aea i# =o#ta=t it" t"e ai ma$ be i#=ea?ed b$ addi#g J#? o 8i#? #oma% to t"e ?ua=e! ?ua=e! T"e?e eatue? eatue? ae =a%%ed e9te#ded e9te#ded ?ua=e?! A t$8i=a% e9am8%e i? t"e u?e o J#? o# t"e =$%i#de =$%i#de a#d "ead "ead o a# ai =oo%ed 8eto% 8eto% e#gi#e! e#gi#e! T"e ee=t ee=t o  e9te#ded ?ua=e? =a# be demo#?tated b$ =om8ai#g J##ed a#d 8i##ed ?ua=e? it" a Kat 8%ate u#de t"e ?ame =o#ditio#? o 8oe i#8ut a#d aiKo!

FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION

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A)$ Velo&)t

tH  tA T34)&al ,$a4+ of a)$ (elo&)t3 a,a)nst s6$fa&e te74e$at6$e

2..!. TE0ERAT"RE TE0ERAT"RE DISTRIB"TION ALON EXTENDED S"RFACE S"RFACE Fo a "eat e9="a#ge to be 1++ e=ie#t t"e "o%e o t"e e9te#ded ?ua=e mu?t be at t"e ?ame tem8eatue a? t"e ba=&8%a#e! I# 8a=ti=e t"i? =a##ot o==u be=au?e t"e Ko o  "eat a%o#g t"e 8i#? o J#? b$ =o#du=tio# =au?e? a tem8eatue gadie#t to o==u! T"e geate t"i? gadie#t t"e %e?? e=ie#t t"e "eat e9="a#ge i%% be!  T"e e=ie#=$ o t"e "eat e9="a#ge e9="a#ge mu?t #ot be =o#u?ed it" t"e ee=t o a ="a#ge i# ?ua=e aea e!g! =om8ai#g 8i##ed a#d J##ed! Fo e9am8%e i t"e 8i##ed a#d J##ed "eat e9="a#ge? ?u88%ied it" t"e e@ui8me#t ae =om8aed t"e 8i# i? moe e=ie#t t"a# t"e J# )?%ig"t%$ ?ma%%e tem8eatue gadie#t. but t"e J##ed e9="a#ge "a? a ?ig#iJ=a#t%$ %age ?ua=e aea t"a# t"e 8i##ed e9="a#ge a#d =a# di??i8ate moe "eat o t"e ?ame ?ua=e tem8eatue!

FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION

Page 17

Figure 4: $a4+ of s6$fa&e te74e$at6$e a,a)nst ')stan&e f$o7 ba&;  4late.

2..-.HORIe u8ad i t"e ai% tem8eatue i? "ig"e t"a# t"at o t"e Kuid a#d do#ad do#ad i t"e a%% tem8eatue i? %oe! %oe! De#?it$ gadie#t? ae ae ?et u8 i# t"e Kuid e?u%ti#g e?u%ti#g i# buo$a#=$ o=e? o=e? a#d ee =o#>e=ti>e =ue#t?! =ue#t?! T"e ate o "eat ta#?e de8e#d? mai#%$ mai#%$ o# t"e t"e Kuid motio#! motio#! T"e oie#tatio# oie#tatio# o t"e 8%ate ae=t? ae=t? t"i? mo>eme#t o  ai! ai! A "oi'o#ta% "oi'o#ta% 8%ate e?ti=t? e?ti=t? t"e mo>eme#t o ai a#d edu=e? edu=e? t"e "eat "eat ta#?e! ta#?e! T"e ?ame 8%ate mou#ted >eti=a%%$ i%% gi>e im8o>ed "eat ta#?e!

2.=. ROCED"RE Sta$t64 $o&e'6$es 1 Co##e= Co##e=tt t"e t"e mai#? mai#? i#8ut i#8ut 8oe 8oe ?u88% ?u88%$ $ 8%ug 8%ug to a #eae #eae?t ?t ?i#g% ?i#g%e8 e8"a? "a?e e e%e=t e%e=ti=a i=a%% ?u88%$ o *-+VAC,+H'! * Tu# t"e "eate 8oe =o#to% =o#to% &#ob a#d a# ?8eed ?8eed =o#to% =o#to% &#ob u%%$ a#ti=%o=&i?e! a#ti=%o=&i?e! / Co##e=t Co##e=t t"e a# a# ?u88%$ ?u88%$ %ead %ead to t"e ?o=& ?o=&et et at t"e ?ide ?ide o t"e t"e =o#to% =o#to% 8a#e%! 8a#e%! - Co##e=t Co##e=t t"e tem8e tem8eatu atue e 8obe 8obe %ead to t"e t"e ?o=&et ?o=&et be#eat" be#eat" t"e t"e =o#to% =o#to% 8a#e%! 8a#e%! , C%am8 C%am8 t"e Kat 8%ate 8%ate "eat "eat e9="a# e9="a#ge ge i#to i#to t"e du=t du=t u?i#g u?i#g t"e t"e to togg%e togg%e =%am8? =%am8? a#d a#d =o##e=t t"e "eate 8oe ?u88%$ %ead to t"e ?o=&et o# t"e =o>e! FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION

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4 7 

Co##e= Co##e=tt t"e t"e 8%ate 8%ate tem8e tem8eatu atue e )TH. =o##e=to to t"e ?o=&et o# t"e "eat e9="a#ge! P%a=e P%a=e t"e mete mete i#to i#to t"e ba=& ba=&et et ?ituate ?ituated d o# t"e t"e ?ide o t"e du=t! du=t! E#?u E#?ue t"at t"at t"e ?e#? ?e#?o o "o%e "o%e i? a%ig# a%ig#ed ed it" it" t"e t"e di die=ti e=tio# o# o t"e aiKo aiKo  "e# "e# i#?eti#g t"e 8obe t"oug" t"e a%% o t"e du=t! ; Sit Sit=" =" o# t"e t"e mai# mai# 8oe 8oe! 1+ C"e=& C"e=& t"at t"e L!E!D! L!E!D! tem8eatu tem8eatue e mete a#d Vo%tAm8e o%tAm8ee e Mete ae i%%umi#ated i%%umi#ated!! C"e=& t"at t"e tem8eatue tem8eatue mete i#di=ate? ambie#t tem8eatue! tem8eatue! 11 I#=ea?e I#=ea?e t"e "eate 8oe i# t"e e9="a#g e9="a#ge e b$ otati#g otati#g t"e 8oe =o#to% =o#to% &#ob =%o=&i?e! T"e 8oe ?u88%ied ?u88%ied to t"e e9="a#ge e9="a#ge ?"ou%d ?"ou%d be ?"o# i# att? att? o# t"e mete! 1* Sit=" Sit=" o# t"e a# a#d i#=ea?e i#=ea?e t"e ?8eed b$ otati#g otati#g t"e a# ?8eed =o#to% =o#to% &#ob =%o=&i?e! 1/ Ob?e>e t"at t"e ai >e%o=it$ >e%o=it$ i? i#di=ated o# t"e t"e i#di=ato! i#di=ato! 1- C"e=& t"at t"e t"e 8%ate tem8eatue tem8eatue )TH. i#=ea?e?! 1, Set t"e "eate 8oe =o#to% =o#to% a#d a# a# ?8eed =o#to% =o#to% &#ob to mi#imum! 14 No $ou ae ae ead$ o t"e o%%oi#g o%%oi#g e98eime#t?! e98eime#t?! S+6t Do5n $o&e'6$es 1 *

2.>.

Sit=" Sit=" o t"e "eate "eate a#d tu# tu# t"e 8oe 8oe =o#to% =o#to% &#ob u%%$ u%%$ a#ti=%o a#ti=%o=&i =&i?e! ?e! Set t"e t"e a# ?8eed =o#to% &#ob to ma9imum to =oo% do# t"e "ot 8%ate "eat e9="a#ge! Tu# o o t"e mai# 8oe 8oe ?u88%$ ?u88%$ ate ate 8%ate 8%ate "eat e9="a# e9="a#ge ge "a? =oo%ed =oo%ed do# do# to oom tem8eatue!

EXERI0ENT:

2.>.1.OBJECTIVE  To  To demo#?tate t"e e%atio#?"i8 e%atio#?"i8 betee# 8oe i#8ut a#d ?ua=e tem8eatue tem8eatue i# ee =o#>e=tio#! E@ui8me#t Set38:

W a ttm e te r (Q ) P l a te te S e n s o r   T e m p e r a t u r e In In d ic a t o r

Heater  Probe Sensor 

2.>.2.ROCED"RE: 1! Remo>e t"e a# a??emb%$ om om t"e to8 o t"e du=t! FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION

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*! P%a=e t"e J##ed "eat e9="a#ge e9="a#ge i#to t"e te?t du=t! /! Set t"e "eate "eate 8oe 8oe =o#to% =o#to% to *+ Gatt? Gatt? )=%o=& )=%o=&i?e. i?e.!! -! A%%o ?u=ie#t ?u=ie#t time to a="ie>e ?tead$ ?tate =o#ditio#? beoe #oti#g t"e t"e "eated 8%ate tem8eatue )t H. a#d ambie#t tem8eatue )t A. i#to t"e tab%e be%o! ,! Re8eat t"i? 8o=edue 8o=edue at -+ 4+ a#d + Gatt?! 4! P%ot a ga8" o 8oe agai#?t tem8eatue )t HtA

-.1.1.OBSERVATIONS: In46t o5e$  ?atts */ ,

late Te74 @tH C // /,

A7b)ent Te74 @tA C *, *,

tH 9 tA C  1+

2.>.-. 

$a4+  Tem8eatu  Tem8eatue)9 e)9 a9i?. VS Poe)5 Poe)5 a9i?.!

Se$)es 1 7+ 4+ ,+ Seie? 1

-+ /+ *+ 1+ + 

FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION

1+

Page 17

E*4e$)7ent  /

!. !.1.

Obe&t)(es  To  To demo#?tate t"e t"e e%atio#?"i8 e%atio#?"i8 betee# a# >e%o=it$ a#d ?ua=e tem8eatue tem8eatue i# o=ed =o#>e=tio#!

E6)47ent Set"4 P%ate Se#?o Heate Pobe Se#?o Ai F%o Gattmete )Q. Tem8eatue I#di=ato !.2.

!.!.

E6)47ent set64 A ir F l o w

W a t tm tm e t e r ( Q ) P l a te S e n s o r   T e m p e r a t u re In d i c a to r Heater  Probe Sensor 

$o&e'6$e 1! P%a=e t"e a# a??emb%$ o# to t"e to8 o t"e du=t! *! P%a=e t"e J##ed "eat e9="a#ge i#to t"e du=t! /! Set t"e "eate 8oe =o#to% to ,+ Gatt? )=%o=&i?e.! A%%o ?u=ie#t time to a="ie>e ?tead$ ?tate =o#ditio#? beoe #oti#g t"e "eated 8%ate tem8eatue )tH. a#d t"e ambie#t tem8eatue tem8eatue )tA.! -! Set t"e a# ?8eed =o#to% to gi>e a eadi#g o +!,m? o# t"e t"ema% a#emomete a%%o ?u=ie#t time to a="ie>e ?tead$ ?tate =o#ditio#?! Re=od "eated 8%ate tem8eatue )tH. a#d ambie#t tem8eatue )tA.! ,! Re8eat t"i? 8o=edue b$ ?etti#g t"e a# ?8eed =o#to% to gi>e 1!+m? a#d 1!,m?! 4! P%ot a ga8" o ai >e%o=it$ agai#?t tem8eatue! ) tH tA. !.-.

Poe i#8ut  *+ Gatt? FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION

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Obse$(at)ons

 !./

A)$ Velo&)t3

late Te74 @t H

A7b)ent Te74 @t A C

tH 9 tA C

m/s

C

1 .3

31

25

6

1 .9

30

25

5

2 .7

29

25

4

$a4+  Tem8eatu  Tem8eatue)9 e)9 a9i?. VS Fa# Fa# Ve%o=it$)5 Ve%o=it$)5 a9i?. ! !..

Se$)es 1 / *!, * Seie? 1 1!, 1 +!, + -

,

4

-. CONCL"SION: Ate =o#du=ti#g t"e e98eime#t it a? =o#=%uded t"at =o#>e=tio# i? a mode o "eat ta#?e "i=" i? =%ea%$ ob?e>ed b$ t"e diee#=e i# t"e tem8eatue o t"e 8%ate a#d t"e ambie#t tem8eatue!P"e#ome#o# o o=ed =o#>e=tio# a? a%?o ob?e>ed a#d it a? =o#=%uded t"at a? t"e >e%o=it$ o t"e mo>i#g Kuid i#=ea?e? t"e "eat ta#?e ate i#=ea?e? a#d t"e tem8eatue o t"e 8%ate de=ea?e? due to t"i? "eat ta#?e! 2a8"i=a% e8e?e#tatio# i? u?ed to a#a%$'e t"e data!

FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION

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