Chapter 3 – Managing Stress Multiple Choice
1.
Which hich of the the fol follo low wing ing is is TRU TRUE E reg regar ardi ding ng stre stress ss?? A) It refer referss to phy physio siolog logica icall and emotio emotional nal respon responses ses to an an insig insignif nifica icant nt chan change ge in in one’s one’s life. life. ) !ati !atien ents ts s"ff s"ffer erin ing g from from it ha#e ha#e #ari #aried ed and and "ne$ "ne$pe pect cted ed sy symptom mptoms. s. %) It is almo almost st alwa alway ys a resp respon onse se to a neg negat ati# i#ee e#e e#ent nt.. &) It is a physi physiol olog ogic ical al or psy psychol cholog ogic ical al resp respon onse se to a sign signif ific ican antt or "ne$p "ne$pec ecte ted d chang changee or disr"ption in one’s life. Answer' !age'
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The The se*"e se*"enc ncee in#ol in#ol#i #ing ng the the alarm alarm++ resis resista tanc nce+ e+ and and e$ha" e$ha"st stio ion n stage stagess of the the stres stresss respo respons nsee is referred to as the A) general st stress re response. ) general adaptation syn syndrome. %) general response syndrome. &) to$ic sh shoc, sy syndrome. Answer' !ages'
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A (1
elye "sed the term eustress to descri0e A) the the most "npl npleasa easan nt form form of stre stress ss.. ) the the fi first rst stag stagee in in the the stres ress rea react ctio ion n. %) stre stress ss res" res"lt ltin ing g from from ple pleas asan antt e#en e#ents ts in one one’’s lif life. e. &) stre stress ss whos whosee onse onsett is is del delay ayed ed fol follo lowi wing ng e$p e$pos os"r "ree to a str stres esso sor. r. Answer' !age'
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The 0igge 0iggest st factor factor in determ determini ining ng whet whether her yo" yo" e$per e$perien ience ce stre stress ss as positi positi#e #e or negati negati#e #e is is A) how yo" respond to it. ) whether yo yo" we were e$ e$pecting it it. %) whether it it in in#ol#es ph physical pa pain. &) whet whethe herr the the stre stress ssor or is phy physica sicall or or em emotio otiona nal. l. Answer' !age'
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& (1
% (1
2ong 2ongl las asti ting ng stre stress ss or or e$pe e$peri rien enci cing ng m"l m"lti tipl plee stre stress ssor orss sim" sim"lt ltan aneo eo"s "sly ly A) enh enhance ancess the 0ody ody’s imm imm"ne syst system em.. ) has has litt little le effec fect on o#era #erall ll heal ealth. th. %) increases one’s *"ality of li life. fe. &) comp ompromi omises the imm imm"ne sy system. em. Answer'
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!age' 3.
elye’s A) ) %) &)
(/ term for "npleasant and destr"cti#e stress is terminal stress. constress. anastress. distress.
Answer' !age' 4.
Which of the following is TRUE? A) 5egati#e stressors wea,en 0ody systems+ while positi#e stressors do not. ) !ositi#e stressors ha#e cardio#asc"lar 0enefits+ while negati#e stressors do not. %) The heart rate is more ele#ated when a stressor is negati#e than when it is positi#e. &) The physiological reaction to stress is similar whether a stressor is positi#e or negati#e. Answer' !age'
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A (-
9"wan always gets sweaty palms and a rapid heart0eat 0efore a wrestling match+ e#en tho"gh he lo#es wrestling. Which of the following ET e$plains his physical reactions? A) 9"wan’s s"0conscio"s is telling him not to wrestle. ) :is 0ody is preparing for the fight or flight response. %) :is reactions are a0normal for a #eteran wrestler; he sho"ld see a physician. &) 9"wan’s 0ody is a"tomatically preparing for the match. Answer' !ages'
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The fight or flight response occ"rs d"ring which stage of elye’s general adaptation syndrome? A) alarm ) reco#ery %) resistance &) e$ha"stion Answer' !age'
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& (1
At its most 0asic+ the p"rpose of the stress response is to ena0le the 0ody to deal with A) "nanticipated conflicts only. ) percei#ed threats and dangers. %) other people’s pro0lems. &) personal responsi0ilities. Answer' !age'
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& (1
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At what point in the stress response is something percei#ed as a stressor? A) when the 0rain decides that it is a stressor ) when the endocrine system releases epinephrine
%) &)
when it is first detected 0y the central ner#o"s system when the heart rate has increased (8 percent o#er the resting heart rate
Answer' !age' 1.
Which of the following is needed 0y the 0ody to free "p energy stores in response to stress? A) epinephrine ) A%T: %) cortisol &) adrenaline Answer' !age'
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% (/
The three stages of elye’s general adaptation syndrome+ in order+ are A) alarm+ resistance+ reco#ery. ) alarm+ reception+ resistance. %) alarm+ resistance+ e$ha"stion. &) reception+ resistance+ reco#ery. Answer' !ages'
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A (1+ (
The 0ody’s attempt to reesta0lish internal e*"ili0ri"m occ"rs in which stage of elye’s general adaptation syndrome? A) alarm ) reco#ery %) resistance &) e$ha"stion Answer' !age'
1(.
% (3
elye’s general adaptation syndrome refers to A) how the 0ody typically reacts to stressors. ) the 0ody’s tendency to fatig"e "pon contin"ed e$pos"re to a stressor. %) a condition in which the 0ody is no longer a0le to respond to stressors. &) the 0ody’s response to repeated negati#e stressors. Answer' !ages'
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A (4
% (-(/
The p"rpose of the second stage in elye’s general adaptation syndrome is to A) e$plain how prolonged stress e#ent"ally ca"ses 0ody systems to 0rea, down. ) lower the intensity of the 0ody’s initial reaction to the stressor. %) increase hormonal and ner#o"s system f"nctions. &) prepare the 0ody for the fight or flight response. Answer' !age'
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14.
What is the name of the 0ody str"ct"re that initiates the stress response for the hormonal and ner#o"s systems? A) adrenal gland ) hypothalam"s %) pit"itary gland &) cere0ral corte$ Answer' !ages'
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The hormone that prepares the 0ody for the stress response 0y increasing meta0olic rate+ heart rate+ and respiration+ is called A) A%T:. ) glycogen. %) epinephrine. &) pit"itary hormone. Answer' !age'
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Epinephrine is secreted from the A) cere0ral corte$. ) pit"itary gland. %) adrenal glands. &) hypothalam"s. Answer' !ages'
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% ((
The 0asic role of the alarm stage in the stress response is to A) pre#ent the onset of e$ha"stion. ) trigger the fightorflight response. %) restore e*"ili0ri"m as soon as possi0le. &) protect the 0ody from chronic stress. Answer' !ages'
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((+ 3/
Which A) ) %) &)
% ((+ (3
of the following is the ET e$ample of a stressor? 9ohn 0rea,ing into a sweat after a 0ad scare Tomas p"lling his hand away from a hot sto#e
Answer' !age'
% (4
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Tina had a hard first wee, in her stressf"l =o0. In s"0se*"ent wee,s+ she learned to cope with the press"re; now+ howe#er+ she has 0eg"n to s"ffer from stressrelated illnesses. According to elye’s general adaptation syndrome+ why is this happening to Tina? A) elye’s model does not address this sit"ation. ) Tina ne#er act"ally learned to cope with the press"re. %) Tina’s 0ody’s a0ility to cope with the press"re is getting e$ha"sted. &) The illnesses 0egan d"ring the first wee,+ 0"t the symptoms were mas,ed. Answer' !age'
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Which A) ) %) &)
of the following is TRUE a0o"t stress and imm"ne system f"nction? !rolonged stress diminishes the imm"ne response. Early in the stress response+ white 0lood cell acti#ity is s"ppressed. >re*"ent e$pos"re to stressors can strengthen the imm"ne system. >re*"ent e$pos"re to stressors 0"ilds an imm"nity to stress.
Answer' !age' /.
in
the
realm
of
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What role does negati#e stress play in disease process? tress A) does not ca"se disease+ it simply ma,es disease symptoms worse. ) wea,ens the 0ody+ ma,ing it more s"scepti0le to disease. %) stim"lates the proliferation of #ir"ses in a host. &) has no role in disease transmission. Answer' !age'
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A (/
Which of the following *"estions is <T clearly stated psychone"roimm"nology? A) :ow does illness stress my imm"ne system? ) :ow does stress affect my selfassessment of illness? %) :ow does stress affect my defensi#e 0eha#iors against illness? &) :ow does my reaction to stress affect my imm"ne response? Answer' !age'
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% (4
3/
%lare has 0een "nder stress for the last three wee,s. Which of the following is she li,ely to e$perience? A) nasal drip ) diffic"lty sleeping %) rapid digestion &) e$cess sali#ation Answer' !ages'
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4.
Which of the following is TRUE regarding how stress impacts the physical aspect of the 0ody? A) tress impacts yo"r psychological health more than yo"r physical health. ) The more stressed yo" are+ the 0etter physically yo" are a0le to cope with stress. %) tress can ca"se yo"r imm"ne system to 0e compromised. &) %onstant e$pos"re to stress ca"ses the stress reaction to occ"r less often. Answer' !age'
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A moderate le#el of stress in o"r li#es A) wo"ld still prod"ce stress related illnesses. ) is positi#e and 0eneficial. %) wo"ld increase a0senteeism in the wor,place. &) wo"ld ca"se ind"strial accidents to increase. Answer' !age'
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A (3
9anie has 0een away at school for a month and is 0eginning to feel homesic,. What strategy can she "se to com0at this feeling? he sho"ld A) go home e#ery wee,end. ) decide that li#ing away is not for her and mo#e home. %) get in#ol#ed with social acti#ities at her school. &) ta,e a more #ested interest in academic wor, to help pass the time. Answer' !age'
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(3
The 0ellshaped c"r#e demonstrating that there is an optimal le#el of stress for pea, performance is the A) @er,es&odson 2aw. ) !erformance tressor %"r#e. %) @o"nglytarr 2aw. &) ellymith 2aw. Answer' !age'
-8.
% (3
% (6
Alicia has a child and is trying to 0alance school+ wor,+ and her child. What ad#ice do the a"thors s"ggest for her? he A) sho"ld drop o"t of school "ntil her child is old eno"gh to start preschool. ) needs to manage her time well and ha#e a strong s"pport system. %) sho"ld c"t 0ac, on her classes she ta,es at school. &) sho"ld as, her employer for a raise to co#er day care e$penses so she will ha#e more time for her other responsi0ilities. Answer' !age'
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@o" ha#e st"died for the test and feel yo" are prepared. @o" loo, at the first *"estion and s"ddenly yo"r mind goes 0lan,. The harder yo" try to thin,+ the more stressed yo" get. @o" are e$periencing A) s"dden cogniti#e stress syndrome. ) academic paralysis of analysis. %) test an$iety. &) poor test preparation an$iety. Answer' !age'
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@o"r professor has assigned an oral presentation that is a significant proportion of yo"r grade. Altho"gh yo" m"st present it at the end of the semester+ yo" are already getting an$io"s. What sho"ld yo" do to help cope with yo"r speech an$iety? A) Wait to the last min"te to prepare; that way+ yo" don’t ha#e to worry a0o"t it now. ) Bol"nteer to go last; that way+ may0e yo"r professor will c"t yo" a 0rea,. %) Tell the professor yo" ha#e a fear of p"0lic spea,ing. &) !ractice fre*"ently in front of a mirror and in front of yo"r friends. Answer' !age'
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ne of the proced"res yo"r te$t recommends for managing yo"r time is to A) get o"t of 0ed earlier. ) analyCe how yo" are spending yo"r time. %) di#ide yo"r time into fi#emin"te 0loc,s. &) try to get a start on se#eral new acti#ities daily. Answer' !age'
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& (7
9osh"a recently grad"ated from college+ 0"t has 0een "na0le to find a =o0. :e c"rrently li#es at home with his parents and si0lings. :is father was recently laid off+ and the family has 0een "na0le to ,eep "p on their e$penses. Things are tense aro"nd the ho"se. What is the ma=or so"rce of stress for 9osh"a and his f amily? A) relationship pro0lems ) academics %) the economy &) technology Answer' !age'
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% (7
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eith fits his st"dies into whate#er time slots are open in a day. :e is not happy with his grades. What m"st he do >IRT to impro#e his st"dies? :e m"st A) c"t 0ac, on recreation. ) as, his instr"ctor for help. %) determine how m"ch time he really spends st"dying. &) gro"p his c"rrent st"dy periods into fewer+ larger 0loc,s. Answer'
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!age' -4.
An indi#id"al procrastinates 0eca"se he or she A) is laCy and "nmoti#ated. ) has too m"ch time on his or her hands. %) is a0le to perform 0etter on a tas, if he or she waits. &) is delaying the tas, 0eca"se he or she dreads doing it. Answer' !age'
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% 3-
Which of the following 0est descri0es why e$ercise is an effecti#e stress management techni*"e? A) E$ercise allows yo" to e$ert ma$im"m effort that red"ces stress. ) E$ercise can alle#iate stress thro"gh the release of endorphins. %) Aero0ic e$ercise re*"ires shallow 0reathing+ which is the ,ey to stress management. &) E$ercise increases the amo"nt of adrenalin released that red"ces the stress response. Answer' !age'
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A 3
Which of the following is TRUE regarding sleep and stress? A) leeping too m"ch is an effecti#e stress management techni*"e. ) Detting too little sleep has #irt"ally no effect on stress. %) 5ormal circadian rhythms are important aspects to effecti#e stress management. &) leeping 11/ ho"rs significantly red"ces the amo"nt of stress yo" ha#e. Answer' !age'
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The goal of coping techni*"es is to A) resol#e the impact of stressors. ) eliminate stressors. %) red"ce the 0ody’s reactions to stressors. &) change negati#e stressors to positi#e stressors. Answer' !age'
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& 37
Which of the following is >A2E regarding perfectionists? They A) tend to 0e stressed indi#id"als. ) tend to 0e their own worse critics. %) foc"s on what they ha#e accomplished. &) ha#e diffic"lty with criticism or negati#e feed0ac,. Answer' !age'
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Which of the following coping techni*"es is 0ased on detecting the difference 0etween contracted and rela$ed m"scles? A) progressi#e m"scle rela$ation ) the rela$ation response
%) &)
selfhypnosis *"ieting
Answer' !ages' /-.
&eep 0reathing is "s"ally 5T practiced in com0ination with A) meditation. ) 0iofeed0ac,. %) #is"aliCation. &) hypnosis. Answer' !age'
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D"ided A) ) %) &)
Which A) ) %) &)
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of the following is >A2E regarding hypnosis? It is an artificially ind"ced state resem0ling sleep. foc"ses on the "nconscio"s+ rather than the conscio"s+ mind. is perhaps the oldest and most "nderstood type of rela$ation techni*"e. is a tranceli,e state similar to those e$perienced prior to falling asleep.
Answer' !age' /4.
A 34
The goal of most meditation techni*"es is to A) change the way the 0ody responds to stressors. ) clear the mind of conscio"s tho"ghts. %) eliminate distractions. &) ind"ce sleep. Answer' !age'
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imagery is a form of #is"aliCation. rela$ation. meditation. yoga.
Answer' !age' /(.
A 3334
% 34
E$posing an indi#id"al to specific stressf"l sit"ations a little at a time+ "nder controlled and safe conditions+ is ,nown as stress A) e$pos"re. ) ind"cement. %) ind"ction. &) inoc"lation. Answer' !age'
& 36
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tress inoc"lation teaches indi#id"als to rela$ "sing deep 0reathing and A) 0iofeed0ac,. ) meditation. %) progressi#e m"scle rela$ation. &) g"ided imagery. Answer' !age'
/7.
In addition to stress management+ stress inoc"lation has 0een helpf"l in A) treating o0sessi#ecomp"lsi#e disorder. ) anger management. %) treating generaliCed an$iety disorder. &) agorapho0ia. Answer' !age'
(8.
A 3637
To ma,e more time in yo"r 0"sy day+ yo" decide to c"t yo"r sleep time from se#en ho"rs a night to fo"r. Why is this a 0ad idea? A) @o" may de#elop sleep disorders. ) leeping ha0its cannot 0e changed. %) @o"r health will deteriorate o#er time. &) @o" may ne#er 0e a0le to ret"rn to se#en ho"rs per night. Answer' !age'
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The tendency to ma,e something more li,ely to happen as a res"lt of yo"r own e$pectations and attit"des is referred to as A) selff"lfilling prophecy. ) selfind"ced prophecy. %) selftendency prophecy. &) selfe$pectation prophecy. Answer' !ages'
(1.
% 36
% 3-
Which of the following will promote a good night’s sleep? @o" sho"ld A) eat a late meal. ) ta,e a 0ath or shower. %) ta,e a late e#ening =og. &) ha#e se#eral alcoholic 0e#erages. Answer' !age'
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True/False
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Research has shown that there is a correlation 0etween stress and inade*"ate social relationships. Answer' !age'
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t"dies ha#e shown that aromatherapy can lower stress le#els. Answer' !age'
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Tr"e (/
&"ring the fight or flight response+ the 0ody attempts to reesta0lish its e*"ili0ri"m. Answer' !age'
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>alse (3
38.
Tr"e (1+ (
tress is act"ally "nhealthy and a0normal at any le#el. Answer' !age'
(7.
Tr"e (-
E"stress is a type of stress that enhances the *"ality of life. Answer' !ages'
(6.
>alse (
elye’s general adaptation syndrome descri0es how the h"man 0ody responds to stressors. Answer' !age'
(4.
Tr"e 3/
(3.
Tr"e 3/
>alse (/
Remaining in a constant state of physiological aro"sal for an e$tended period of time is called chronic stress. Answer' !age'
Tr"e (-
3.
The second stage of the general adaptation syndrome is mar,ed 0y a rapid increase in the intensity of the 0ody’s response to a stressor. Answer' !ages'
3-.
A%T: is prod"ced 0y the pit"itary gland for the p"rpose of stim"lating adrenal gland secretions. Answer' !age'
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Tr"e 37
ome negati#e ways of dealing with stress incl"de "sing alcohol and cigarettes. Answer' !age'
41.
Tr"e (6
ome techni*"es for com0ating procrastination in#ol#e time management+ stress management+ and asserti#eness training. Answer' !age'
48.
>alse (4
alancing wor,+ home+ and school are common stressors among college st"dents. Answer' !age'
37.
Tr"e (-
:omesic,ness is one of the least common pro0lems facing college st"dents. Answer' !age'
36.
Tr"e (4
<"sc"lar tension is a common pro0lem "nder prolonged stress. Answer' !age'
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Tr"e (/
A relationship e$ists 0etween stress and some illnesses. Answer' !age'
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Tr"e ((
The third stage of elye’s general adaptation syndrome does not occ"r in e#ery case. Answer' !age'
3(.
>alse (-(/
Tr"e 3
E$ercise can red"ce stress. Answer' !age'
Tr"e 3-
Essay
4.
&escri0e the 0ody’s response to stress and the conditions that 0ring a0o"t the change. Answer' tress is the change that occ"rs to the 0ody in response to demands placed on it. The change is typically 0oth physiological and psychological. A stressor is the e#ent or condition that ca"ses the stress reaction. !age'
4-.
(1
&escri0e the similarities and differences 0etween positi#e stress and negati#e stress. Answer' The 0rain interprets 0oth positi#e and negati#e stressors the same way and+ as a res"lt+ will elicit the same type of initial reaction from the h"man 0ody. !ositi#e stress+ or e"stress+ is generally not harmf"l and prod"ces a feeling of e$hilaration and well0eing. 5egati#e stress+ or distress+ prod"ces feelings of dist"r0ance and can res"lt in longterm psychological and physiological pro0lems. !age'
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(1
&escri0e a time management proced"re. Answer' 1) ) -) /) ()
Record how yo" "se yo"r time. AnalyCe yo"r c"rrent "se of time with an eye to setting priorities and eliminating worthless acti#ities. &i#ide yo"r day into 0loc,s. ched"le yo"r acti#ities within these 0loc,s of time+ and try to sched"le related acti#ities ne$t to each other to ma,e the most efficient "se of time. et daily+ as well as wee,ly+ goals. When something comes "p+ modify yo"r plans 0"t don’t throw o"t the entire sched"le.
!age' 4(.
36
5ame the stages of elye’s general adaptation syndrome+ and 0riefly descri0e each stage. Answer' 1)
) -)
!ages'
Alarm stage' In this stage+ there are rapid changes in hormonal and ner#o"s system acti#ity+ creating symptoms s"ch as rapid p"lse+ dry mo"th+ increased sweating+ and m"scle tension. Resistance stage' &"ring this stage+ there is a red"ction in symptoms as the 0ody tries to restore homeostasis. E$ha"stion stage' With the contin"ed presence of stressors+ the 0ody systems 0ecome "na0le to minimiCe the stress reaction. This is when chronic and serio"s illnesses can 0egin to de#elop. (-(/
43.
It has 0een spec"lated that the messages of the media may ma,e Americans more an$io"s. :ow does the media sellF an$iety? Answer' Ad#ertisers try to press"re "s to 0"y their prod"cts to feel 0etter+ more confident+ s"ccessf"l+ pop"lar+ and happier. In this way+ watching tele#ision ads+ seeing ads on 0ill0oards+ in magaCines+ and online can create more stress in o"r li#es. !age'
44.
31
"mmariCe the relationship 0etween stress and learning. Answer' Research s"ggests that stressed indi#id"als tend to perform 0etter on simple learning acti#ities+ 0"t less well on reasoning acti#ities and timelimited tests. The e#idence appears to indicate that+ when stressed or an$io"s+ yo" ha#e a diminished a0ility to concentrate+ to recall information+ and to master pro0lemsol#ing acti#ities Ghigherorder thin,ing s,ills). !age'
46.
(6
&escri0e how sleep contri0"tes to o#erall fitness and health. 2ist some ways to promote so"nd sleep. Answer' leep is an important component of o#erall fitness+ and those who are "na0le to sleep s"fficiently or who are depri#ed of sleep see a mar,ed deterioration in e#ery dimension of their health. The amo"nt of sleep needed #aries among people+ 0"t generally 36 ho"rs per night for yo"ng ad"lts to slightly less for the elderly is recommended. ome ways to promote so"nd sleep are to ta,e a warm 0ath 0efore retiring+ to practice yoga or deep 0reathing e$ercises+ or to eat a light snac, of foods high in ltryptophan Gt"na+ t"r,ey) and drin, a glass of mil,. !age'
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