hackers_reading.pdf

Preface

TOEIC is an English test taken by non-native speakers who want to use English in their international workplace. In actual fact , TOEIC is a very challenging examination. One reason for this is TOEIC questions use many difficult words. Learners, therefore, need a considerable number of business-related vocabulary items. Another reason is TOEIC questions actually requ ire logical th inking. Many candidates who are not familiar with vocabulary items and not comfortable with this type of thinking may find the test hard to attain the score they need. Before you start studying for the test, the first thing you should do is set a goal. If you are taking the test in order to apply for a job, find out what proficiency level is required. Next, find relevant and beneficial materials to practice so as to develop your test-taking strategies . Being aware of the practical demand of learners, we have designed a set of Hackers books at basic and intermediate levels- Hackers TOEIC Lis-

tening

and

Hackers TOEIC Reading

whose materials and questions

are well selected from a variety of sources and from the most recent TOEIC tests . A lot of clear and detailed explanations plus a wide range of practice activities in these books will certainly meet your needs and enable you to achieve a high score on the TOEIC test. Th is series of books can be used in class with the assistance of an instructor or for self-study. Hopefully, you will find these books truly practical and helpful , and you will soon achieve your expected goal.

www.nhantriviet.com

3


Ha ckers TOEIC Reading

Main Features 7 I Main Parts 8 I About TOEIC 1o I TOEIC Tips 12 I TOEIC Reading Test 14 I Your Current Level & Preferred Learning Styles 18 I Diagnostic Test 21

GRAMMAR

03 Active and Passive Voices of Perception Verbs 04 Expressions of the Passive Form

Chaeter 08 Subjunctives

Parts 5 6

Section 1 Basic Sentence Elements Chaeter 01 Subjects, Verbs 01 02 03 04 05 06

01 02 03 04

108

Forms of To-infinitives and Their Subjects Functions of To-infinitives Verbs I Nouns I Adjectives Followed by a To-infinitive Bare Infinitives as Object Complements

Chaeter 10 Gerunds

52

Objects Dummy Object It Complements Noun Complements vs. Adjective Complements

Chapter 03 Modifiers

Section 3 Verbals Chaeter 09 To-infinitives

42

Subjects Dummy Subject It Dummy Subject There Verbs Number / Tense / Voice of a Verb Verbs in the Imperative

Chaeter 02 Objects, Complements 01 02 03 04

100

01 Future I Past/ Past Perfect/ Mixed Subjunctive 02 Other Structures of Subjunctives

01 02 03 04

116

Functions, Forms of Gerunds and Their Subjects Verbs Followed by a Gerund Gerunds vs. Nouns Common Expressions with Gerunds

Chaeter 11 Participles 60

01 Modifiers 02 Modifying Phrases, Modifying Clauses

01 02 03 04

124

Functions of Participles Participial Phrases Present Participles vs. Past Participles Confusing Expressions

Section 4 Parts of S eech Section 2 Verb-Related Structures Chaeter 04 Forms and Types of English Verbs 01 02 03 04

Chaeter 12 Nouns 68

Modal I Auxiliary Verb + Bare Infinitive Auxiliary Verb Be I Have + Participle Form Transitive Verbs, Intransitive Verbs Bare Infinitives in That-Clauses

Chaeter 05 Subject-Verb Agreement

Chaeter 06 Tenses

Chaeter 13 Pronouns

84

Present/ Past/ Future Simple Tense Present/ Past/ Future Progressive Tense Present/ Past/ Future Perfect Tense Agreement in Tense

Chaeter 07 Active Voice, Passive Voice 01 Identifying Active I Passive Sentences 02 Passive Voice of Verbs in Sentence Structures 4 and 5 4 - Hackers TOEIC Reading

134

Positions of Nouns Count Nouns vs. Non-Count Nouns Determiners and Nouns Concrete Nouns vs. Abstract Nouns Compound Nouns Common Nouns in TOEIC

76

01 Subject-Verb Agreement in Number 02 Subject-Verb Agreement with Expressions of Quantity 03 Subject-Verb Agreement with Coordinating and Correlative Conjunctions 04 Subject-Verb Agreement in Relative Clauses

01 02 03 04

01 02 03 04 05 06

144 01 Personal Pronouns, Possessive Pronouns, Possessive Adjectives 02 Reflexive Pronouns 03 Demonstrative Pronouns, Demonstrative Adjectives 04 Indefinite Pronouns / Adjectives (1): One, Another, Other 05 Indefinite Pronouns / Adjectives (2): Some / Any, No / None, Most 06 Agreement between Nouns and Pronouns / Possessive Adjectives

Chaeter 14 Adjectives 92

01 02 03 04

154

Positions of Adjectives Quantifiers as Adjectives and Indefinite Pronouns Confusing Adjectives Expressions with Be + Adjective

www.nhantriviet.com

Chapter 1S Adverbs 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

162

01 Parallelism 02 Inversion

Functions and Positions of Adverbs Confusing Adverbs Adverbs of Time Adverbs of Frequency Connecting Adverbs Emphasizing Adverbs (1) Emphasizing Adverbs (2) Other Adverbs

Chapter 16 Prepositions

VOCABULARY

174

Preposition In I At! On Prepositions of Time Prepositions of Place Prepositions of Direction Prepositions of Reason , Concession, Purpose, Exception , and Addition 06 Preposition Of and Others 07 Other Prepositions 08 Common Expressions Formed by Verb I Adjective I Noun + Preposition

Section 5 Con·unctions and Clauses 188

01 Coordinating Conjunctions 02 Correlative Conjunctions

Chapter 18 Noun Clauses

194 Positions of Noun Clauses Noun Clauses Introduced by That Noun Clauses Introduced by If / Whether Noun Clauses Introduced by an Interrogative Word Noun Clauses Introduced by a Compound Relative Pronoun Distinguishing between What and That

Chapter 19 Relative Clauses 01 02 03 04

204

Positions and Functions of Relative Clauses Relative Pronouns Usage of Relative Pronouns Relative Adverbs

212 Positions and Functions of Adverb Clauses Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses of Time Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses of Condition and Concession Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses of Reason, Purpose, Result, Exception and Others 05 Compound Relative Adverbs I Pronouns 06 Adverb Clause Conjunctions vs. Prepositions 01 02 03 04

Section 6 S ecial Structures Chapter 21 Comparison Comparison of Equality Comparative Superlative Other Structures of Comparison

www

nh;:tntri\/iot rArn

244

Collocations with Prepositions Collocations with Adjectives Collocations with Verbs (1) Collocations with Verbs (2) Collocations with Nouns Other Collocations

250 256 262 268 274

Section 2 Content Words Chapter 07 Chapter 08 Chapter 09 Chapter 10

Verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs

282 292 302 312

Chapter 11 Verbs with Similar Meaning Chapter 12 Nouns with Similar Meaning Chapter 13 Adjectives, Adverbs with Similar Meaning

READING

322 328 334

Part 7

Section 1 T es of Questions Chapter 01 Chapter 02 Chapter 03 Chapter 04 Chapter OS

Overview Questions Information Questions NOT /TRUE Questions Inference Questions Synonym Questions

348 354 360 366 372

Section 2 Sin le Passa es

Chapter 20 Adverb Clauses

01 02 03 04

Chapter 01 Chapter 02 Chapter 03 Chapter 04 Chapter OS Chapter 06

Section 3 Content Words with Similar Mean in

Chapter 17 Coordinating Conjunctions, Correlative

01 02 03 04 05 06

Parts 5 6

Section 1 Collocations

01 02 03 04 05

Conjunctions

232

Chapter 22 Parallelism, Inversion

224

Chapter 06 Chapter 07 Chapter 08 Chapter 09 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12

E-mails I Letters Advertisements Notices & Announcements Articles & Reports Memorandums Information Non-Prose Readings

384 390 396 402 408 414 420

Section 3 Double Passa es Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17

E-mail/ Letter-Related Readings Advertisement-Related Readings Announcement-Related Readings Article-Related Readings Non-Prose-Related Readings

Actual Tests 459 I Essential Vocabulary & Expressions 513 I Answers 543

428 434 440 446 452 459

543

6 - Hackers TOEIC Reading

www.nhantriviet.com

Main Features

This book contains the following features:

01. A large collection of actual questions

02. A comprehensive presentation of English grammar points 03. A combination of fundamental theories and actual

practice

04. Typical questions and useful tips for doing the TOEIC

05.

Reading test

Essential vocabulary and expressions for each part of the TOEIC Reading test

06. Two actual tests

www.nhantriviet.com

Main Features - 7

Main Parts

Hackers

TOEIC

Reading

This book includes the following parts:

01. Diagnostic Test A diagnostic test is given for you to find out your current level of English and be able to decide on an appropriate study plan and put this book into ful l use.

02. Grammar:

Basic Points

A brief introduction to basic and essential grammar points is shown to help you get a general idea of the fundamentals of English grammar.

03. Grammar: Explanations All basic and essential English grammar points are then clearly explained to facilitate you in doing Parts 5 and 6 of the TOEIC test.

04. Grammar: TOEIC Questions You will have a chance to put what you have just learned into practice by doing three typical TOEIC questions at the end of every grammar point presented .

05. Vocabulary & Reading: Types of Questions and Useful Tips Typical questions in the Vocabulary and Reading sections together with Useful Tips are well presented to enhance your test-taking strategies for Part 7 of the TOEIC test.

8


www.nhantriviet.com

06.

Hackers Practice Exercises on choosing the correct word in brackets and correcting mistakes given at regular intervals aim at consolidating the vocabulary and grammar points you have learned in the previous parts.

07. Hackers Test By doing all the questions which are similar to those in the TOEIC Reading test , you can familiarize yourself with the testing points in the TOEIC Reading test and improve your test-taking ability.

08. Actual Tests You should do the two actual tests at the end of the book within the time limit and under exam conditions to check your progress compared with the result of the diagnostic test you have got before using this book.

09. Essential Vocabulary and

Expressions

Essential vocabulary items and expressions for Parts 5 and 6 of the TOEIC test are carefully arranged so that you can manage to learn a number of them each day for at most 30 days to enlarge your store of TOEIC vocabulary and expressions.

www.nhantriviet.com

Main Parts - 9

AboutTOEIC What is TOEIC? TOEIC is short for Test of English for International Communication. It is an English test designed specifically to measure the everyday business English skills of non-native people working in an international environment. It also allows employers to make hiring decisions, promotions, or transfers depending on job seekers' qualifications and English proficiency. TOEIC questions are based on a variety of real -wo rld settings and situations: • Corporate Development - research, prod-

• Human Resources - recruiting, hiring, retir-

uct development

ing, promoting, job applications, job adver-

• Dining Out - business lunches, banquets, receptions, reservations • Entertainment - cinema, music, art, exhibitions, museums, media • Finance and Budgeting - banking, invest-

tisements, salaries, pensions, awards • Manufacturing - assembly lines, plant management, quality control • Office - procedu res, board meetings, committees, letters, memos, telephone, fax and

ments, taxes, accounting, bi lling • General Business - contracts, negotiations, mergers, marketing , sales, invoicing, war-

e- mai l messages, equ ipment • Purchasing -shopping, shipping • Technical Areas - electronics, technology,

ranties, business planning, conferences,

computers, laboratories and related equipment , technical specifications

labor relations • Health Care - medical insurance, visits to doctors I dentists, clinics, hospitals

• Travel -trains, airplanes, taxis, buses, ships, ferries, tickets, schedules, station and

• Housing / Corporate Property - construction, specifications, buyi ng and renting,

ai rport announcements, car rentals, hotels, reservations, delays and cancellations

electric and gas services

TOEIC test format Task

Listening Comprehension

Reading Comprehension

Part 1

Photograph Descriptions

10

Part 2

Questions & Responses

30

Part 3

Short Conversations

30

Part 4

Short Talks

30

Part 5

Sentence Completion

40

Part 6

Text Completion

12

Single Passages

28

Double Passages

20

7 Parts

200

Part 7 Total


Number of Questions

. 1 1me

Maximum Score

45 minutes

495

75 minutes

495

120 minutes

990

www .n hantriviet.com

01 In spite of the decreasing amount of silver, the value of the metal has fallen the past years . (A) sharp (C) sharpness

in

(B) sharply (D) sharpen

02 Unlike

writers who prefer specializing in a specific genre, freelancers usually work with many literary types. (A) much (C) the most

(B) more (D) many

03 This report is a list of projects that we

05 The entire staff would like to congratulate Mr. Richards his winning the "Employee of the Year" Award. (A) to (C) with

06 Dealing with angry customers every day became too to handle, so she quit the receiver position. (A) frustrate (C) frustrating

now will have the for free.

(A) lately (C) commonly

(A) opportunity (C) situation

04 It is important for

interested in doing an investigative piece to check their sources and ensure their stories are accurate. (A) journalists (C) journalism


(B) journal (D) journalistic

(B) frustrated (D) frustration

07 Those who sign up for Internet connection

are working on in the marketing department. (B) currently (D) daily

(B) in (D) on

to try our service (B) job (D) progress

08 Hank

from depression, having lost his job in January from budget cutbacks in the service department. (A) will suffer (C) will have suffered

(B) was suffering (D) suffer

www.nhantriviet.com

09 The company decided to give her a chance , doubts regarding her ability to perform such high-level tasks . (A) but (C) nevertheless

15 A thorough

of the journal article is needed before it can be published next month . (A) revising (C) revise

(B) yet (D) despite

16 The proposal should be ready next week,

10 The office manager gave a short

how long it takes the architects to finish the floor plan .

about the office's new security system. (A) confession

(B) presentation

(C) organization

(D) interpretation

(B) revision (D) revised

(A) resulting from (C) depending on

(B) partly because (D) certain

11 Please be reminded that we are not responsible for any damage to the product due to careless use, intentional misuse or customer negligence. (A) other (C) another

that the German automaker is entering the Asian market.

13

(A) introductory (C) introduction

into

(B) looking (D) viewing

the remodeling is finished, the office cubicles can be put back in place and regular work hours can begin again. (A) As soon as (C) While

(B) However (D) In time for

14 We

experienced applicants with strong qualifications and good marketing skills for sales position . (A) research (C) seek

their views on energy issues in North America.

(B) the other (D) others

12 Sales of small cars have been so high in Asia

(A) watching (C) searching

17 The speakers will be on the radio talk show

(B) contain (D) persuade

18

(B) introduce (D) introducing

renting a vehicle, verify the exact amount to be paid for licenses and maintenance costs . {A) Rather than (C) Because

(B) When (D) As though

19 The

profitability of the X-27 is about 10 percent higher than previous models of this machine. (A) overall (C) overdue

(B) overcast (D) overwhelmed

20 Please let me know if there are office spaces still available complex.

lease in the new

(A) into (C) for

(B) as

(D) with

Questions 21-23 refer to the following advertisement.

Happy Pharmacy Valued Customer Day We are pleased to announce that Happy Pharmacy will be celebrating its 101h anniversary next week. We recognize that our success is largely due to the strong support we receive from customers like you. In appreciation, we would like to invite you in our Valued Customer Day on

21 (A) participate (B) to participate (C) participating (D) participation April 26 . Visit any of our convenient locations and you will be treated to refreshments, as well as a 15 percent discount on all purchases over $20.00. In addition, you will get the chance to meet local health practitioners, try out new products, and enter your name to win a two months' worth of vitamins courtesy of Happy Pharmacy. We hope that you will take advantage of this great opporoffer tunity to save money and get to know the health services in your area. We hope to

22 (A) recently (B) conclusively (C) continually (D) timelessly more events like this in the future. A flyer with our store addresses

for your information.

23 (A) enclosed (B) has enclosed

(C) was enclosed (D) is enclosed


www.nhantriviet.com

Questions 24-26 refer to th e following e-mail.

From: Breakgen Productions To: Darcey Kerr Subject: DVD Order

Dear Ms. Kerr,

Thank you for your recent order for a copy of our DVD boxed set of Werewolf Killer. Unfortunately, we have discontinued this boxed set edition and will be unable to fulfill your order as . We

24 (A) request (B) requesting (C) requests (D) requested apologize for any inconvenience this may cause . We do offer an alternative version of this DVD that contains the orig inal broadcasts as well as other additional features . Bonuses include

25 (A) presently (B) previ ously (C) purposefully (D) generally unreleased footage , a documentary about the making of the program , and an interview with the director. Because of th is material , the DVD has become one of our bestsellers.

26 (A) essential (B) supplemental (C) excessive (D) promotional The only other difference between the boxed set you ordered and this edition is the external packaging . Of course , should you decide to purchase a copy of Werewolf Killer and find that it is not suitable , you may return it for a full refund .

Sincerely,

Elmo J . Pudd Customer Service Department, Breakgen Productions

nt ivi

.

m

PART 7 Directions: In this part, you will be asked to read several texts, such as advertisements, articles or examples of business correspondence. Each text is followed by several questions. Select the best answer to each question and mark the corresponding letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) on your textbook.


www.nhantriviet.com

Questions 27-28 refer to the following invitation.

fJ'fie 'Embassy of Spain requests tfie pfeasure of your company at a reception aruf cfinner to weCc.ome tfie new .9Lm6assatfor of Spain, .9Lntonio :Martinez on :Friday, tfie twenty-secoruf of .9Lugust at 7:00p.m. fJ'fie fJ'own Jiote[ :Manfiattan, 'J..[ew Yori(City r.B fact( tie

f!
'l(egina '])avis

o/arufer6i[t Offices :Manfiattan, 'J..LY 461-2007

27 What is the reason for the dinner? (A) (B) (C) (D)

To award an outstanding manager To welcome a government representative To introduce a new executive To welcome a visiting delegati on

www.nhantriviet.com

28 What is the recipient asked to do? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Bring a companion Be on time Prepare food Reply to the invitation

Diaanostic TP
Questions 29-30 refer to the following information.

The community center is pleased to announce that it will be hosting the Midwestern Women's Association's

s th

an-

nual bazaar next weekend. Items to be sold at the event include home-made quilts, freshly baked pies, jams, and hand-made crafts. All participating community members are asked to bring at least one item to sell at the bazaar. Of course, donations are welcomed and will be used to improve the community center facilities. We are considering the installation of a media center for the education and convenience of the community youth who aren't fortunate enough to have access to such technology. With your contributions, it will also be possible to organize and hold more meaningful events for the community. As always, please spread the word to your neighbors about the event next Saturday. A sign -up sheet is located on the bulletin board in the main hall. It is sure to be a time of warmth, friendsh ip, and community!

29 What are participants of the event asked to do? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Help set up tables Donate an item Purchase tickets in advance Fill out a form


30 What is mentioned about the bazaar? (A) (B) (C) (D)

It It It It

is is is is

a yearly event. outdoors . free of charge. held during the summer.

www.nhantriviet.com

Questions 31-33 refer to the following job advertisement.

<"Wanted Executive Housekeeper W e are lookin g for an individual with an energetic personality. The qualified candidate will be responsible for managing and overseeing all public areas of the compound . A minimum of 3 years' experience in a similar position is required.

Convention Services Representative Assists th e manager in ensuring maximum sales, profit, and guest satisfaction of catering groups through proactive selling, maximization of incremental revenue of confirmed bookin gs and securing repeat bookings. Must have a minimum of 2 years' experience.

Front Desk Agent The front desk agent is responsibl e for the professional and efficient operation of the reception desk. Previous experience necessary. Must be outgoing and people-oriented and have excell ent oral and written commun ication skills. Possesses the ability to deal with pressure in a graceful and courteous mann er. Position must be filled today.

Guest Service Agent Guest services for arriving guests. Responsibiliti es include door person and valet. A driver' s li cense is necessary. Must be able to lift up to 80ibs and work standing for long periods of tim e. Full-tim e posi ti on. May require extend ed work hours on weekd ays and w eekend s. E-mail a resum e and all pertinent inform ati on to [email protected] . Those applyin g for superviso ry pos iti ons must include two letters of reference .

31 Who might have put up this advertisement? (A) (B) (C) (D)

A housekeeping agency A convention hall A large hotel A recruiting firm

33 What should be submitted for the executive housekeeperposWon? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Letters of recommendation A copy of college transcripts A copy of a driver's license A certificate of training

32 What is a requirement of the front desk agent job? (A) (B) (C) (D)

A minimum of 3 years' experience Good interpersonal skills A degree in hotel management Proficient typing skills

www.nhantriviet.com

Diagnostic Test - 29

Questions 34-37 refer to the following article.

Although many in the industry were surprised by Anna Page's win for best actress at the Independent Movie Awards (IMA), nobody was more surprised than the young Australian herself. "I am really shocked. It is a great honor to even be nominated. I will treasure this moment for years to come." Although only twenty-three years of age, Anna has already appeared in eight films, acting in her first movie at the age of twelve. Anna has always done smaller, supporting roles but was noticed by film director Kennedy James, who decided she was perfect for his film Jupiter, which led to critical praise and eventually an IMA. Anna says she's not interested in big budget films and always works on smaller, independent productions. "With independent films, there isn't this pressure that exists in studio films. You are freer to try something new or different. I have never enjoyed doing movies that are totally controlled by a big studio." Anna said she would love to work with Kennedy James again, and that the two of them are currently working on a script. When asked how winning the IMA has changed her life, Anna replied, "Well, I definitely get more movie offers, but other than that, not much. I'm the same girl I've always been." The IMAs are awarded annually to actors, directors and writers of independent film productions. Films must focus on social issues and be financed by filmmakers. Awards are given based on the votes of more than 3,000 peers in the independent film industry.

34 What is true about Ms. Page? (A) (B) (C) (D)

She She She She

is a film director. was surprised to win the award . has acted in twelve films . is interested in writing.

35 The phrase "have never enjoyed" in

36 What is a requirement for an Independent Movie Award? (A) Winners must appear in ten films . (B) Winners must be under thirty years of age. (C) Win ners must be nominated by 3,000 people. (D) Winners must work on movies about social issues.

paragraph 2, line 7 is closest in meaning to (A) (B) (C) (D)

am not part of have not experienced do not like am not involved in


37 What is suggested about the films Ms. Page has acted in? (A) (B) (C) (D)

They were They were They were They were

big budget productions . small films. not enjoyable . all directed by Kennedy James .

www.nhantriviet.com

Questions 38-40 refer to the following letter. Carrie Wynand Wadley Mortgage Firm Woodland Hills, CA October 21 Robert Hartshire 1219 North Street Helmsley Park, CA Dear Mr. Hartshire, This is in response to your inquiry regarding the mortgage trainee position we advertised in The California Herald. We would like to congratulate you on your interest in becoming a mortgage banker. There has been an overwhelmingly favorable response by mortgage brokers to the possibilities afforded by an online system that has resulted in record double-digit growth. The mortgage banking team consists of professionals who are setting industry standards for innovation and service. Wadley Mortgage emphasizes the need to expand its system into the technological world. Therefore, we support the professional development and training of our employees. We firmly believe that the key to success rests in the quality of our bankers. Therefore, we are proud to offer people the opportunity to take part in our training program. To participate in our program, you will need to submit the following: an application using the application form available on Wadley Mortgage's website, a Jetter of reference, and your resume (including a cover letter). After you submit the required documents, the selection committee will post their decision on the website, which you may access with the code sent to your e-mail account after the entire application has been received. Once again, thank you for your interest. Best regards,

Carr;e ivynand Carrie Wynand HRD

38 What is the purpose of this letter? (A) To inform the applicant that he was rejected (B) To remind the applicant that his documents are incomplete (C) To respond to a potential applicant (D) To tell the applicant when he can get the results 39 What should the candidate do next? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Indicate interest by calling Ms . Wynand Visit the office for an interview Send a reply via e-mail Provide the necessary paperwork

40 What is suggested about Mr. Hartshire? (A) (B) (C) (D)

He works at Wadley Mortgage. He has previously contacted the firm. He has already applied to the program. He has experience in the banking industry.

Questions 41-45 refer to the following e-mail and memo .

To: From:

All Employees

Date:

Josephine Napolitano April 26

Re:

Training Sessions for Accounting Software

1

Starting next week, we will be offering train ing courses for new accounting software wh ich was installed on our network this week. CLASS Introduction Updates and innovations Workshop

DATE MayS May6 May9

Conference Room A Conference Room A Computer Lab 8

Question I Answer session

May 10

Conference Room D

ROOM

Mr. Alex Miller from ACS Software will conduct the first two presentations, and our own computer technician , Ms. Wentworth , will be leading our workshop and question I answer session . Those interested are required to register with the personnel department before April 30.

To: All staff (accounting department) From: Erica Bane, director of finance Everyone received an e-mail from the personnel department about the training courses in May for the new software program from ACS. All employees from the accounting department are required to attend these courses, not just new staff. Although some of you are already familiar with the program, there have been recent changes and updates to the software that you may not be aware of. This is why I think the courses would be beneficial for everyone. Each session will last from 9 a.m. to 11 a.m., so you will have enough time to finish your work. If you do have any problems attending because of your schedule, please speak with Tom Holmes.


www.nhantriviet.com

41 What is indicated in the e-mail? (A) The courses will begin on April 30. (B) The workshop will be conducted by an ACS representative . (C) Registration forms are at the front desk. (D) The training sessions will be held in the same month.

44 What does the memo suggest? (A) All accounting staff will attend the training courses . (B) Trai ning will be held in the personnel department. (C) The trai ning sessions will be conducted by Tom Hol mes. (D) Training schedules will be sent to employees.

42 What department does Ms. Napolitano work in? (A) Technical support (B) Personnel (C) Marketing (D) Accounting

45 What are employees with schedule problems asked to do? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Call the personnel department Send an e-mail to Ms. Bane Contact Mr. Holmes Cancel their appointments

43 What is the purpose of the memo? (A) To tell workers about new office regulations (B) To inform staff of requirements (C) To request registration forms from employees (D) To explain a new software program

www.nhantriviet.com

Diagnostic Test - 33

Questions 46-50 refer to th e following a rticle and letter.

Sunday, June 18: The 19 111 Office Furnishings Fair (OFF) was held at the international convention center in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from June 15 to 17. This event played host to more than 400 office furniture and supply companies from around the globe. This year, such notable designers as Camilla Puglia and Denver Green were showcased. Organizers estimate that more than 80,000 people attended the event, and that this year's trade fair was the best yet, with nearly 18,000 orders placed. The fair lasted three days, and Jared Ibrahim, spokesman for the convention center, said, "We could easily have kept the business flowing for another three days."

June 24 Hiro Yakutake Eiko Industries Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo 150-8691 Japan Dear Mr. Yakutake, I met with you at your company's exhibition area on the first day of the Office Furnishings Fair in Kuala Lumpur. You showed me some of your company's new desk designs and provided me with a brochure. We are very interested in some of your products, but unfortunately, I never received a price list while at the fair. If you could e-mail me a copy of the list to sthath@ neoresearch.net, I would appreciate it. After I receive the list, I will call you to discuss a possible order. Our offices are moving to a new building, so we would require new furnishings by September 10. Thanks for your help. I hope to do business with you soon. Sincerely, Steve Hathaway Resource Director, Neo Research Corp.


www.nhantriviet.com

46 In the article , what is NOT mentioned about the trade fai r? (A) (B) (C) (D)

It It It It

was held in Malaysia. has been held nineteen times . lasted for five days . attracted more than 400 companies.

47 In the article , the word "notable" in line 4 is closest in meaning to (A) (B) (C) (D)

customary important definite elaborate

49 When did Mr. Hathaway most likely meet with Mr. Yakutake? (A) (B) (C) (D)

June June June June

15 16 18 24

50 What does Mr. Hathaway ask Mr. Yakutake to do? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Fax a price list Make a phone call Send an e-mail Mail a brochure

48 What is indicated in the letter? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Eiko Eiko Eiko Eiko

Industries Industries Industries Industries

produces office furniture . offers a free delivery service . is a new company. is based in Kuala Lumpur.

Answers : p. 543

After doing the diagnostic test, you should refer to page 18 to find out your current level. www.nhantriviet.com

I ~

',l 'I

) ~

i

....

)

'I

)

J

I

;

l

'I

l

(

I

I

"

36

Features In the TOEIC test, grammar questions are found in Part 5 -Sentence Completion, and Part 6- Text Completion . Questions in Parts 5 and 6 also involve business settings and situations like those in the other parts of the test.

Testing Points TOEIC testing points on grammar are similar to those often found in general English grammar. They include basic sentence elements, verb-related structures, verbals, parts of speech , conjunctions and clauses, and special structures like comparison, parallelism, and inversion .

Question Percentage Basic sentence elements 3% Verb-related structures 12% Verbals 10%

•.

38

Test-Taking Strategies Step 1: Look at the four answer choices to decide whether it is a grammar question. For example, if you see words of the same root, such as information, inform , informative, informatively , or give, to give, giving, given , provided as possible answer choices to a question , you can conclude that it is a grammar question .

Step 2: Look at the words around the gap to find out important clues and understand the meaning of the whole sentence or the whole text. Part 5: Example Step 1: Look at the four answer choices to decide whether it is a grammar question.

Rosalind _ _ _ decided to accept the textile design job that was offered to her by F rness Clothing Manufactures. (A) finalize

(B) final!

(C) finalized

(D) final

-

- ---t-'

The four answer choices are words derived from the same root (final). You, therefore, can conclude that this is a question on grammar.

' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 Step 2: Look at the words around the gap to

find out important clues and understand the meaning of the whole sentence.

Part 6: Example

The missing word comes between the subject (Rosalind) and the verb (decided). By finding out the important clues (the subject and the verb), you can decide that a modifier (an adverb) is needed for the gap.

The air-travel industry and environmentalists from around the country are eagerly awaiting the 2nd Air Transportation and the Environment Conference next week. (A) can open (B) opened (C) opening (D) is opened The keynote speakers will focus on the concerns and progress made in each of these areas by speaking on current trends in creating more environmentally friendly aircraft and airports.

Step 1: Look at the four answer choices to decide whether it is a grammar question. The four answer choices are verb-related words. You, therefore, can conclude that this is a question on grammar. 1--

Step 2: Look at the words around the gap to find out important clues and understand the meaning of the whole sentence or the whole text. The sentence already has a main verb in the present continuous tense (are awaiting). Therefore, only the noun (opening) is the best answer choice.

Section 1

Basic Sentence Elements Chapter 01 - Subjects, Verbs Chapter 02 - Objects, Complements Chapter 03 - Modifiers

Basic Points

A verb refers to the action or state of a subject. A subject is a person or thing that performs the action in a sentence. Kathy ate an apple. Ate in this sentence is the verb showing the action of the subject Kathy (a person) who does the action.

In a complete sentence, there must always be a subject and a verb. Kathy an apple. (X) ate an apple. (X) Both of these examples are not sentences. The first one does not have a verb, and the second does not have a subject. To form a complete sentence, a subject and a verb must always exist.


www.nhantriviet.com

01 0

Cl

Subjects

"' )>

s:: s:: )>

Subjects in sentences may have various forms, all of which have the function of a noun coming before a main verb. Common forms of subjects include:

"'

Noun phrase Pronoun Gerund phrase To-mfinitive phrase Noun clause

en

OJ

"'"'c;·

The top executives agreed to negotiate with the union. They are having a team meeting today. Operating the machinery is difficult. To meet the president was a privilege. What Jane needs for her office is unclear.

CD

;::; CD

::>

<>

CD

m

ro 3

CD

;::;

"'

~ The underlined parts are the focus of the subjects. These parts are often tested in TOEIC .

Note: A to-1nf1nit1ve coming 1n the pos1tion of a subject IS not common. It is often used in the structure w1th the dummy subject It presented i~ Po1nt 02 of thiS chapter - Dummy Subject lt.

8

Verbs and adjectives cannot come in the position of a subject.

•

A rushed 6eeiee should be avoided under any circumstances. decision ~ The verb decide cannot come in the position of the subject. It should be the noun decision . The financial healthy of the company is in doubt. health ~ The adjective healthy cannot come in the position of the subject. It should be the noun health .

....

0

m

n

.,"' "'

c.

:::> <0

8

A subject and its verb must agree in number. The prospects of increased revenue awaits us next year. -prospect ~

Because the verb awaits is singular, the subject must also be in the singular form (prospect).

Decide which of the choices- (A), (B) , (C), or (D) -best completes the sentence.

1. Please remember that the

of electronic devices is prohibited during takeoffs and landings.

(A) operation (C) operated

(B) operate (D) operator

2. Personal

left behind on seats in the theater are brought to the lost and found department, but most are never claimed. (A) belonging (C) belongings

(D) belong

3. The new

that is going up at Williams Street will accommodate hundreds of commercial enterprises. (A) structural (C) structured

www.nhantriviet.com

(B) belongs

(B) structurally (D) structure Answers:

p. 543

Chapter 01 Subjects, Verbs - 43

02 0

Dummy Subject It

It is used to replace a long subject such as a to-infinitive phrase or a that-clause. In this case, It is called dummy subject, and the long subject is called real subject. It is important to open negotiations with the Brazilian firm. Dummy subject

Real subject (to· infinitive phrase)

It is understood that Mr. Gann will resign fairly soon. Dummy subject

Real subject (that·clause)

@ It is used with a that-clause to emphasize the noun or prepositional phrase that comes after lt. It was Jane that gave a speech. Emphasized part

It is in the conference room that the most important meetings take place. Emphasized part

Note: When the emphasized part is a person, that can be replaced by who(m). When the emphasized part 1s a thing, that can be replaced by which. It was Patrick who won the game. It was the song which captured my attention. '

~

•

-

-

""

""'p_,.;;:;.\4);~

--'

'

~

@) The dummy subject It cannot be replaced by any other word. ::r:hat was a cat that was stuck in the tree last night. It ..- That cannot replace it. fflere is possible that nobody will attend the meeting. It ..- There cannot replace it.

TOEIC Questions Decide which of the choices- (A), (B), (C), or (D) -best completes the sentence.

1. When deciding what food to serve guests at a party, is always best to choose dishes that can be prepared ahead of time. (A) there (C) that

(B) what (D) it

2. It is mandatory to

a work identification card when you first enter the company. (A) obtain (C) obtainment

(B) obtaining (D) obtained

3. Although the two copywriters in the office are often at odds with one another, is clear that they have respect for each other's work. (A) there (C) what

(B) it (D) that Answers: p . 543


www.nhantriviet.com

03

Dummy Subject There

Cl

"' :;:: )>

:;::

0

There is used to show the existence of somebody or something and is used in the structure There+ linking verb (be, remain, exist)+ real subject (noun/noun phrase).

)>

"'

There are eleven offices on this floor. Dummy SUbjeCt

Real subject (noun phrase)

There remains some doubt over her level of dedication . Dummy SUbjeCt


There exists a possibility that the company will be bought out this year. Dummy subject


@ In the structure There + linking verb + real subject, a verb cannot come in the position of the

•

real subject. We will contact you if there are cancelled . -cancellations ~

There are must be followed by the noun cancellations which is the real subject of the sentence.

.,

:I:

Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1.

remain significant challenges for the fledgling company as it tries to gain a foothold in a highly competitive market. (A) It (C) He

(B) There (D) They

2. The publisher prints an apology on the second page of the magazine when there are of fact in previous issues. (A) errs (C) errors

(B) erroneous (D) erred

3. I am hopeful that somewhere in the city exists a position with the hours and benefits I seek. (B) it (D) what Answers : p. 543

Distinguishing between it and there

• Read the whole sentence. If the sentence expresses an opinion or a comment, use the dummy subject it. If the sentence mentions the existence of somebody or something, use the dummy subject There. When you want to travel , it (tftefe) is a good idea to plan ahead. There (It) is a guidebook in each language. • The dummy subject It is followed by a noun, an adjective, a prepositional phrase, etc. The dummy subject There can be followed by a noun/noun phrase only. It (=tflete) is fair to give him a chance. Adject1ve

7<"

-< 0 m

n

.,"' "'c.. :::> <0

(A) there (C) he

Hackers Skill

n

~

04 0

Verbs

In a sentence, a verb must come after its subject (an auxiliary/a modal verb may come before it). The supervisor oversees an entire office . The supervisor can oversee an entire office.

8

Two forms derived from a verb are bare infinitive + -ing and to + bare infinitive. The supervisor overseeing an entire office. (X) The supervisor to oversee an entire office. (X) ~ Overseeing and to oversee are not the mai n verbs because they are not conjugated. Overseeing (gerund/ present participle) and to oversee (to-i nfi nitive) are called verbals .

@) Nouns and adjectives cannot come in the position of a verb. Jake affi-vat a few minutes late for the meeting. arrived ~ The noun arrival cannot come in the position of the verb. It should be the conjugated verb arrived . This company compliant with government regulations. complies ~ Th e adjective compliant cannot come in the position of the verb. It shou ld be the conjugated verb complies. Note: Pay attention to verbs that have the same form as nouns or adjectives. function complete schedule contact deposit finance question separate process cost name secure document influence purchase experience claim access feature transfer

Decide which of the choices - (A), (B) , (C) , or (D) -best completes the sentence.

1. The value of the dollar

yesterday against the Japanese yen after the conflict in the Middle East died down. (A) rising (C) risen

(B) to rise (D) rose

place demand service correct

2. The new regulation from the Department of Transportation a change in the manner in which rest time is calculated for commercial vehicle drivers. (A) requires (C) to require

(B) requiring (D) requirement

3. Salaried employees

a 10 percent increase in wages last year as an incentive to increase production. (A) receipt (C) received

(B) to receive (D) receiving Answers: p. 543


www.nhantriviet.com

05 0

Number/Tense/Voice of a Verb

Subjects and their verbs must agree in number. The results of the inquiry was made public today. were ~ Because the subject is in the plural form (results), the verb must be in the plural form , too (were).

c:o

"' "'('j' en CD ::I

co::::1 C"J CD

8

m

1D

Verbs must agree in tense based on time expressions.

3

CD

Randy jeffls the firm seven years ago. joined ~ Because there is a time expression indicating the past (seven years ago) , the verb must be conjugated in the past tense (joined).

@) Verbs must correctly be used in the active voice or the passive voice.

;:::.

"'

•

The accounting reports checked by a team of auditors. were checked ~ The subject The accounting reports is a thing and is acted on by a team . Thus , its verb must be in the passive voice (were checked) . They were used their savings for a charitable cause. used ~ The subject They performs the action, so its verb must be in the active voice (used). r

~

I

•

Note: Number/tense/vo1ce of a verb will be presented 1n detail1n Chapters 05, 06, and 07 of Section 2' Verb-Related Structures. .

.. l: .. ~ -·

·-·

~"...:-·l.ili:~.....~ '1......."'-...'&!')oo"

•

••

•

t ~

.

.

'

'- .

!

:I:

"',.., "'""' ~

--1

0

m

n

"' "'

"'c..

"""

Decide which of the choices- (A), (B), (C), or (D) -best completes the sentence .

1. A notice about the vacancy

on the

company message board. (A) were posted (C) to post

(B) have posted (D) will be posted

2. Mr. Franzen

Joyce Marcus head inspector of the company's several factories located in the southern region of the country. (A) name (C) is naming

(B) named (D) namely

3. When CSI Peripherals

its sales division, one middle manager and three assistant administrators were dismissed. (A) was restructuring (C) to restructure

(B) was restructured (D) restructures Answers : p. 543

www.nhantriviet.com


06 0

Verbs in the Imperative

An imperative sentence starts with a bare infinitive. Place the report on my desk. Please complete this form and sign at the bottom. Note: An imperative sentence does not have a subject. Imperative sentences are used to give orders. commands, warn1ngs, or 1nstruct1ons. For a polite request, we add please at the beg1nn1ng or end of the sentence . •

8

,.

_1 .. £"' ~,.,.~~~~~~.;,/(:>,,

"

When

+ participial

~

0

"'"-\""

~~

""~

~·

"::~

"~

'

phrase or If-clause before an imperative sentence

When investigating an insurance claim , follow all company procedures. If you would like to request a transfer, submit this form . ~

In the TOEIC test, verbs in the imperative are more commonly asked than the When + participial phrase or If-clause. Sometimes, you may find phrases introduced by Whatever instead .

@) Only bare infinitives can come in the position of the main verb in an imperative sentence.

Conjugated verbs, verbals, nouns, or any other part of speech cannot be put in this position. Please Aa-s a seat. ~ A

have conjugated verb cannot be used in the imperative.

Whatever your destination , ~ on J Net for quality service. rely ~ A gerund cannot be used in the imperative. When negotiating a partnership, tfia+ to be open-minded.

try ~ A

noun cannot be used in the imperative.

Decide which of the choices- (A), (B), (C), or (D) -best completes the sentence .

1. When making a presentation , discussing matters already known to the audience. (A) to avoid (C) avoiding

(B) avoids (D) avoid

2. Whatever your investment needs, on Farallon Services to provide the information and advice you need to make a wise investment. (A) counts (C) counted

(B) count (D) counting

3. If the strategy fails to meet the team's objectives, the plan in order to determine where its weaknesses are. (A) evaluating (C) evaluate

(B) to evaluate (D) evaluation Answers: p. 543


www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE

••••• • • ••

Cl

"' s: )>

s: )>

"' Choose a correct option for each sentence.

01 The technician (working/worked) night and day to get the security system running . 02 The (complete / completion) of the new office will enhance our operations in Europe . 03 The freshness of the vegetables at the market (vary / varies) depending on the time of year.

04 (Reduce I Reducing) the amount of paper wasted in the office is one of the manager's priorities.

•

05 Investment activities fo r the agreement (comprise/comprisal) cash payments as well as stock transfer.

06 (It/That) was important to finish discussing the recent deal before moving on to other business.

07 All assignments should (send / be sent) to the director's mailbox by the Saturday deadline .

-< 0

m

Decide whether each of the sentences below is correct or incorrect. If it is correct, write "correct"; if it is incorrect, point out the mistake(s) and provide (a) correction(s).

n

.

"' "'a. :::> <0

08 Efficient is the most important consideration in the company's decision about whether to relocate . 09 When Joseph completes the audit, he concluded that it needed to be revised.

10 When uncertain about what to do in a work-related situation, asks your supervisor. 11 The information Robert provided is several months out of date. 12 There is known that high salaries contribute to staff retention and loyalty. 13 The engineer estimation that the building will need three thousand tons of concrete . 14 Its downtown locate means that the office is in a prestigious business district. Answers: p. 543

HA CK ERS

T ES T

(9 Time limit: 11 minutes

Part 5

01 Management

on resource allocation for the coming quarter will have to be set aside until the director arrives back from his business trip . (A) decides (C) decisions

(B) decide (D) decisive

02 The price of a sketch or an oil painting the frame and the cost of delivering the artwork to the buyer's address. (A) include (C) includes

(B) including (D) inclusion

08 The training department requires even seasoned employees to attend safety courses of accidents is paramount because in the workplace. (A) prevent (C) to prevent

(B) prevention (D) preventable

09 Katherine Bryant Purcell Firm forty years ago, making her one of our longestserving employees since the firm was first established. (A) joining (C) joined

(B) join (D) joins

03 Commuters arriving at the Logan Square station had no choice but to use the stairway because the was being repaired . (A) escalate (C) escalation

(B) escalator (D) escalating

04 The lipstick samples back to the manufacturer when it was discovered that a number of the lipstick cases were defective. (A) were sent (C) sent

(B) were sending (D) being sent

05 Director Patterson's

was that the institute should move its headquarters to Austin , Texas. (A) conclusion (C) conclude

(B) conclusive (D) conclusively

06 Sales revenue significantly since the launch of the company's new ad campaign. (A) increase (C) has increased

(B) will increase (D) increasing

07 If you plan on renovating your apartment, be sure that the changes you make with the stipulations in your rental contract. (A) compliant (C) compliance

(B) complying (D) comply

10 The Japanese

backed out of the World Peace Conference when more than half its members came down with the flu the day before their flight. (A) delegate (C) delegation

11 The chef

a cooking clinic for housewives to teach them how to make consomme and other French soups. (A) to organize (C) organization

(B) organized (D) organizing

12 The sudden of Harvey Wyman as executive director has left the corporation in a state of uncertainty. (A) resign (C) resignedly

(B) resignation (D) resigned

13 Approximately half of the employees at Sabian & Randolf, Ltd. subway. (A) commute (C) is commuting

to work by (B) commutes (D) has commuted

14 By the end of the first quarter, the company estimated profit by over 10 percent. (A) exceeding (C) was exceeded

SO - Hackers TOEIC Reading

(B) delegated (D) delegating

(B) had exceeded (D) to exceed www.nhantriviet.com

15 The

of the agreement forced the lessee to comply with the legal requ irements necessary to obtain a new contract. (A) cancel (C) cancelling

(B) cancellation (D) cancelled

16 The project development director

(B) expects (D) expecting

17 The Board overwhelmingly the proposal made by the marketing division , considering it too complex at the present stage of expansion. (A) rejected (C) reject

is very important that all visitors to the production plant wear protective glasses and helmets in the assembly area. {A) What (C) That

(B) This (D) It

19 The new main office was housed in a bright

evaluations for all projects administered in the last quarter to be on her desk by tomorrow morning . (A) have expected (C) to expect

18

(B) rejecting (D) was rejected

and modern building, but its was inconvenient for employees who didn't have a car. (A) locate (C) located

•

(B) to locate (D) location

20 When having an important document delivered, the receiver that the package is on its way. (A) notification (C) notifies

(B) notify (D) notifying

..... 0

m

n

"'"'"'a. "

Part 6 Questions 21-23 refer to the following memo.

<0

We will begin our week-long training seminar this coming Monday, May 31 . The 21 (A) intend (C) intending

of this (B) intention (D) intentional

seminar is to improve office efficiency and productivity. We will be holding the seminar in Conference Room D. As seating is limited to only forty people, employees wish ing to attend the workshop are to register ahead of time. You can sign up at the personnel office, but please 22 (A) determined (C) advised be aware that we

(B) altered (D) utilized written permission from your manager before we can register you for this

23 (A) require (C) requiring

(B) requirement (D) to require

event. Thanks for your cooperation, and we hope to see you at the seminar on Monday. Answers: p. 543

www.nhantriviet.com


Basic Points

An object is the receiver of the action in a sentence. It completes the meaning of a transitive verb. I like pizza. Pizza completes the meaning of the verb like and it is the object of the sentence. Without this object, the sentence is incomplete.

I li ke . (X)

Some verbs need two objects . One is the indirect object and the other is the direct object. My girlfriend gave me chocolate . Object 1

Object 2

Usually, the meaning of the verb give is completed by two objects as in sentence structure 4 - subject + verb + object 1 (indirect object) + object 2 (direct object) . Common verbs used with this structure include give, grant, teach , instruct, send , buy, bring , tell , offer, etc .

A complement completes the meaning of a verb and modifies the subject or object of a sentence. There are subject complements and object complements . He is a magician. I find magic exciting.

A magician is the complement of the subject He, and exciting is the complement of the object magic . Without these complements, the sentences are incomplete. He is. (X) I find magic. (X)


www.nhantriviet.com

01 0

Objects

Objects in sentences may take certain forms, all of which function as a noun. Common forms of objects include: Noun phrase Pronoun Gerund phrase To-infinitive phrase Noun clause ~

Jake has enough business sense to run his own company. I can't find them anywhere in the office. Fred hates working overtime. Helen wants to get a new job. I agree that we need new filing cabinets.

The underlined parts are the focus of the objects. These parts are often tested in TOEIC.

@ Verbs, adjectives, and adverbs cannot come in the position of an object. The company guarantees 6eHvef in five to seven days. delivery ~ The verb deliver cannot come in the position of the object. It should be the noun delivery. Planners designed the productive with the teenage consumer in mind. product ~ The adjective productive cannot come in the position of the object. It should be the noun product.

• • -i

0

m

n

"'"'

"'0.. =>

"'

..,. Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C) , or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1. Reliance Property Developers takes great in announcing that we have purchased eleven square kilometers of land in the Hartford area. (A) please (C) pleasant

(B) pleasure (D) pleasurable

;

·,·

2. Working in the field helped the trainees to formulate a better business that would address the problems raised by Mr. White. (A) strategic (C) strategy

(B) strategical (D) strategize

3. The manager posted a note stating that the staff should know the revised company tours . (A) proceed (C) procedural

for

(B) proceeds (D) procedures Answers: p. 543

·~~--

.•

L.-

.... _: .. :_ .... - - - -

02 0

Dummy Object It

The structure subject+ verb+ dummy object it+ adjective+ real object (to-infinitive phrase/thatclause) is used to put more emphasis on the opinion rather than the real object. I found to use the software easy. it easy to use the software ~ The real object of the sentence is the to-infinitive phrase to use the software. The entire staff thought that the CEO didn't attend the seminar peculiar. it pecu liar that the CEO didn't attend the seminar ~ The real object of the sentence is the that-clause that the CEO didn't attend the seminar. Note: When the real object IS a noun phrase, the structure w1th the dummy object it cannot be used. Mrs. Tyne's leadership made .it possible the expans1on of the companx. )

8

,... hr.:Z.--"-~·~~'L ....... ~

,;;._•,

I

i

'"

The phrase make it possible is frequently used. The machinery will make it possible to increase productivity. The to-infinitive phrase to increase productivity is the real object of this sentence.

~

Revisions to the contract will make it possible negotiate interest rates. to negotiate ~ The to-infi nitive to negotiate, not the bare infinitive negotiate, must be used . Note: You can replace possible by other adjectives such as easy, difficult, necessary, etc. These adjectives modify the real object of the sentence. The Internet made it easy to find information about job openings. He made it difficult to talk by constantly interrupting.

Decide which of the choices- (A) , (B) , (C) , or (D) -best completes the sentence .

1. The proposed budget increases would make it possible sector of the firm. (A) give (C) to give

added support to each (B) gave (D) in giving

2.

The whole community found it unreasonable the city proposed building a landfill site within a twenty-mile radius of the city limits. (A) which (C) that

(B) about (D) when

3. To develop a spirit of creativity in the office, supervisors should make it necessary the initiative of each employee. (A) recognize (C) of recog nizing

(B) to recog nize (D) recognized Answers : p. 543


www.nhantriviet.com

03

Complements

Cl

"" )>

;::: ;:::

0

)>

Complements may take the form of a noun or an adjective.

""

• Complements in the form of a noun Noun phrase Gerund phrase To-infinitive phrase Noun clause

Previous work experience will be an advantage for applicants. His specialty is designing databases. The important thing is to include your phone number. The problem is that we do not have sufficient capital.

• Complements in the form of an adjective

t t

The new investments are profitable. We found the art exhibit fascinating. ~

The underlined parts are the focus of the complements . These parts are often tested in TOEIC .

@ Verbs and adverbs cannot come in the position of a complement. All employees are cooperate with the new policy. cooperative ~ The verb cooperate cannot come in the position of the complement. It should be the adjective cooperative. Excellent acting made the performance excitingly. exciting ~ The adverb excitingly cannot come in the position of the complement. It should be the adjective exciting.

@) Verbs followed by a subject complement or an object complement Verbs followed by a subject complement Verbs followed by an object complement

be turn make

become taste keep

get feel find

seem look consider

remain sound call

She became a professional musician . Mr. Shaw had always considered himself a self-motivated individual.

Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence. 1 . The salesmen have been very in their attempts to get us to purchase a beachfront property. (A) persuade (C) persuading

(B) persuasive (D) persuaded

2.

It was a great that Brian Mann did not receive the Employee of the Year Award because he had worked so hard . (A) disappoints (C) disappointing

(B) disappointed (D) disappointment

3. Although I'm about your situation , I have to consider the best interests of this company . (A) empathetic (C) empathizing

(B) empathize (D) empathically Answers: p. 544

www.nhantriviet.com

Chapter 02 Objects, Complements - 55

04 0

Noun Complements vs. Adjective Complements

When a complement takes the form of a noun, it follows a linking verb or an object and tells us who/what the subject or object is. Alice is a ballet dancer. After two months, Jack became a general manager. ~ The complements a ballet dancer and a general manager give information about the subjects Alice and Jack. People called him a liar. We all considered his speech a masterpiece. ~ The complements a liar and a masterpiece give information about the objects him and his speech .

@ When a complement takes the form of an adjective, it follows a linking verb or an object and

gives an opinion, a feeling, an attitude, etc. about the subject or object. The paintings are impressive. She seemed bothered at work today. ~ The complements impressive and bothered give opinions about the subjects The paintings and She. The manager made the workers nervous. The bank keeps its depositors satisfied with insurance guarantees. ~ The complements nervous and satisfied modify the objects the workers and its depositors. Note: Complements of the dummy subject it and real subjects (to-infinitive phrase/that-clause): It is my recommendation for you to move into a higher level class. It is recommendable for you to move into a higher level class. {; Both the noun recommendation and the adjective recommendable come in the position of the complement. However, there should be a possessive adjective or an indefinite article before the noun. It is ~pity that you can't continue working with us. It is pitiful that you can't continue working with us. ~> Both the noun pity and the adjective pitiful come in the position of the complement. However, the first sentence will be grammatically wrong if the noun pity lacks the article a.


1. Mrs. Heinz is

that the company will be more successful next year. (A) optimistic (C) optimist

(B) optimism (D) optimistically

2.

Because prices at department store sales were quite , shoppers did not think it necessary to compare prices. (A) competition (C) competitor

(B) competitive (D) compete

3. It is

for investors to check a company's performance before purchasing any shares . (A) advice (C) advise

(B) advisable (D) advisor Answers: p. 544

Hackers Skill

If a complement mentions the state of the subject or object in the sentence, it must take the form of an adjective, not a noun.

Janelle became interest (- interested) in journalism after attending the writers' workshop. The bank keeps its depositors satisfaction (- satisfied) with insurance guarantees. 56 - Hackers TOEIC Reading

www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE

•••••••• •••

Choose a correct option for each sentence.

01 Your reservation for the workshop will not be (complete/completion) until we receive full payment. 02 Sandra lacked the (mature/maturity) needed for someone in a position of such responsibility.

03 The company made the associate (proud/proudly) by electing him as vice president. 04 Investors in the company expressed (amazing/amazement) at the rate of return they received . 05 James asked his broker to keep him (inform I informed) about developments in the market.

• •

06 Unless you send us a written (confirmation/confirmed) , we are not able to ship the order. 07 The new database becomes (operational/operationally) as soon as Mr. Mills gives authorization.


.... 0 m

n

."' <1)

a. =o

""

08 When applying for a business loan, you need provide your bank account information.

09 Many people consider credit cards convenience and safe to carry. 10 Sudden budget cuts made it necessary lay off two hundred employees. 11 I found professional workshops incredibly help and productive. 12 Mrs. Fields prefers sharing office tasks to working alone. 13 It is always wisdom to review a contract before signing an agreement to all of its terms . 14 The insurance company offers its customers numerous coverage options.

Answers :

p. 544

HA C K ERS

G Time limit: 11 minutes

T ES T

Part 5 01 Speedy Carrier cannot guarantee of packages in cases where natural and unavoidable calamities occur. (A) deliver (C) delivered

(B) delivery (D) deliverable

08 Points earned on the purchase of any of the products are not to other customers. (A) transfers (C) transferable

(B) transfer (D) transference

09 The company normally requires each

02 An outstanding tenor and a captivating plot made last night's opera at the Carnegie Hall very

applicant to be interviewed, but they made an for Mr. Payne because of his outstanding resume.

(A) exciting (C) excitedly

(A) exceptional (C) except

(B) excitable (D) excitement

03 Starting up the consulting firm is a that Mr. Richards is eager to take up. (A) venture (C) ventured

(B) venturesome (D) venturing

04 New factory workers must have their superintendent's for requisition of any supplies needed for the assembly line. (A) approve (C) approves

(B) approval (D) approvingly

05 Customer complaints have become much more since we installed the automatic messaging system that filters calls . (A) managing (C) manageable

(B) manage (D) management

06 The

of the company's financial officer has left a vacancy that the CEO is trying to quickly fill. (A) resigned (C) resignation

(B) resignedly (D) resign

07 Accounting graduates are required to obtain to establish their credentials as licensed public accountants. (A) certify (C) certifiable

(B) certified (D) certification

10 The health club management keeps customers by providing quality service and discounted memberships on a monthly basis. (A) satisfaction (C) satisfyingly

(B) satisfy (D) satisfied

11 I don't consider it helpful

the manager for advice, as he seems to know less than anyone else. (A) ask (C) by asking

(B) to ask (D) asked

12 Meat packing plants must be given a week's before an inspector from the Department of Agriculture visits the plant. (A) notice (C) noticed

(B) notices (D) noticeable

13 Please be

and refrain from speaking loudly or causing a disruption during the speaker's presentation . (A) considered (C) consideration

(B) consider (D) considerate

14 Each year, the reclusive writer 25 percent of his yearly earnings to an orphanage located just outside of the city. (A) donates (C) are donated


(B) exception (D) excepting

(B) donating (D) to donate

www.nhantriviet.com

15 Computer game manufacturers are often

18 The firm was granted an

to file its corporate tax with no penalty as long as it makes the necessary tax prepayments.

even in times of economic slowdown because the games they produce are usually addictive. (A) profitable (C) profit

(A) extend (C) extension

(B) profitably

(B) to extend (D) extensive

(D) profiteers

19 The artist, whose paintings are currently on 16 Jeff Myers prefers a job that offers the

exhibit at the Parkinson Art Center, gets his from the works of Monet and Degas.

he enjoyed while completing his internship at Rytech International. (A) flexible (C) flex

(A) inspire (C) inspired

(B) flexed (D) flexibility

(B) inspiring (D) inspiration

20 Most recruiters admit that it is an

I

for candidates to have a strong background in at least one foreign language.

17 It is

that with the glut of digital products coming into the market, the electronics industry is entering a challenging phase. (A) cleared (C) clearest

I

(A) advantage (C) advantageous

(B) clearly (D) clear

(B) advantaged (D) advantageously

Part 6 Questions 21-23 refer to the following information.

..... 0

m

n

For those with frequent changes of address or who wish to maintain privacy in terms of their mail , acquiring a post-office box ensures . Once you have selected the most suitable size

21 (A) secure (C) security

(B) secured (D) secu rely

for your requirements , you will be asked to submit a completed registration form. Due to high , applicants should be aware that a wait of up to three months may be required . After

22 (A) demand (C) elevation

(B) techn ology (D) election

approval for ownership of a box is granted, further complications in receiving your mail should remain as the P.O. box section of the post office is open from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. daily, 23 (A) minimal (C) minimizing

(B) minimize (D) mi nimally

including weekends and holidays . Note : Our policy states that we are not responsible for theft due to lost or stolen keys . Should such incidents occur, please notify the staff immediately. Answers : p. 544

"' "' '"

c,_

::0
Basic Points A modifier is a word or a group of words that modify basic parts in a sentence (subject, verb, object , complement). It adds more description to the sentence. She is lying under the tree . Basic parts

Modif1er

She is lying already forms a complete sentence. The phrase under the tree provides more information to it.

A modifier is not a must. Sometimes, it can be omitted from a sentence. He is running with his dog . (0) He is running . (O) Without the phrase with his dog , the sentence is sti ll complete and makes sense.

There may be several modifiers in a sentence. Of all the people I know, Jackie was the best saleswoman that I had ever worked with. The basic sentence Jackie was the best saleswoman can be modified by Of all the people I know and that I had ever worked with .


www.nhantriviet.com

01 0

Modifiers

Modifiers can take any of the following forms: Prepositional phrase ~ the park, I saw Janice. To-mfinit1ve phrase I came here to see you. Participial phrase

The people invited to the party were my friends.

Relative clause

I respect my colleague who works extremely hard.

Adverb clause

When we arrived, we sat down for a cup of tea.

~

The underlined parts are the focus of the modifiers. These parts are often tested in TOEIC .

Note: Prepositional phrases are presented in deta1l in Chapter 16 of Section 4 - Parts of Speech. to-inf1n1tive phrases and partic1p1al phrases 1n Chapters 09 and 11 of Section 3 -Verbals, relat1ve clauses and , adverb clauses in Chapters 19 and 20 of Section 5 - Conjunctions and Clauses. l

'

•

@ Positions of modifiers

• +

subject

+ verb

[Despite an extensive audit], the error was not discovered. Mod1fler prepositional phrase)

subject

+ • + verb + verb

-

Verb

These desks [remaining in the hall] must be removed soon . Modifier (participial phrase)

Subject

subject

Subject

+•

Verb

Darren decided to take the new job [although it would be challenging]. Subject

Verb

Object

Modifier (adverb clause)

@ How to find out modifiers Find out the main verb

¢

find out the subject

¢

mark the modifier(s) in [ ]

Candidates [applying for the job] must pass a background check. 2) SUbjeCt ~

3) mod1f1er

-;

0

1) verb

m

;::;

Find out the main verb in the sentence (must pass) , then the subject (candidates) , and finally mark the modifier.

.

"' "'a. ::> \0

-·

··'·

Decide which of the choices - (A) , (B), (C) , or (D)- best completes the sentence.

1.

the new supervisor is mild-mannered and soft-spoken , she is very firm about getting work done on time.

(A) Even (C) If

(B) Then (D) While

2. The membership packages

are offered

by the book club are based on the reading needs and tastes of the members.

(A) they

(C) those

(B) that (D) these

3. The newspaper publisher submitted to an investigation, that charges of plagiarism against his star reporter would be dealt with quickly.

(A) ensuring (C) ensure

(B) be ensured (D) ensures Answers: p. 544

www.nhantriviet.com

Chapter 03 Modifiers - 61

02 0

Modifying Phrases, Modifying Clauses

A modifying phrase does not include a conjugated verb. Prepositional phrases, to-infinitive phrases, and participial phrases belong to this group. Prepositional phrase To-infinitive phrase Participial phrase ~

Because of a decrease in orders, the company ordered fewer supplies. The consultant suggested several strategies to reduce overhead costs. Employees ~ on the trip will be given their plane tickets tomorrow.

The underlined parts are the focus of the modifying phrases. These parts are often tested in TOEI C.

@ A modifying clause is formed by a subject and a conjugated verb. Relative clauses and adverb

clauses belong to this group. Relative clause Adverb clause ~

The arena is a place which hosts sporting and musical events. The request cannot be approved until Mrs. Charles signs this form .

The underlined parts are the focus of the modifying clauses. These parts are often tested in TOEIC .

@ Introductory words in modifying phrases and modifying clauses • Prepos itions, to-infinitives, or participles are often used to start modifying phrases. • Relative pronou ns or conjunctions are often used to start modifying clauses. She left without a word to anyone . word to anyone is a ph rase, so the preposition without must be used to start it.

~ A

Unless conditions improve, I'm going to have to change companies soon. improve is a clause, so the conjunction unless must be used to start it.

~ Conditions

Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C) , or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1.

2.

this is only Ms. Planter's third week, she has quickly become a standout in company presentations. (A) Although (C) Nevertheless

(B) In spite of (D) However

The breakdown of a major piece of machinery production forced the owner to announce a temporary plant shutdown . (A) since (C) while

3.

(B) during (D) except

the problems Team B is experiencing, the manager decided that it would be best to give the team a little more time to write its project assessment report. (A) Even if (C) Nevertheless

(B) Since (D) Because of Answers:

p. 544

'""AI'AI nh::.ntri\Ji,:::at rom

HACKERS PRACTICE

•••••••••••

Find out the modifiers in the following sentences and mark them in [ ].

01 In spite of a scheduling conflict, Jacob attended the annual meeting .

02 Shoppers purchasing less than ten items can use the express checkout lane .

•

03 The man read an article whose topic dealt with working relationships. 04 A valuable employee is one who is diligent, trustworthy, and self-motivated. 05 Industrial automation has laid off numerous trade union members from the assembly line.

06 Rob was disciplined for using funds without proper permission.

07 While Dan waited in the office lobby, he read a magazine article.

.... 0


m

n

08 Craig's version (unless/ of) the events contradicted statements made by other witnesses .

.

...c."' ::>

"" 09 A meeting was called (to resolve/resolve) the conflict between the coworkers.

10 Mrs. Bishop worked (even though/despite) she was suffering from the flu . 11 Miners (working/work) in the coal industry face significant health risks . 12 (Because of / Because) Andy delivered excellent results, his boss granted him a raise .

13 A market analyst is a position (and/which) is highly valued on Wall Street. 14 Our division will work on the sales project (during/while) the next month.

Answers: p. 544

www.nhantriviet.com

HACK ERS

T EST

(j Time limit: 11

minutes

Part 5 01 The meeting was still a success

the guidance of the vice president and others in senior management. (A) though (C) unless

hundreds of inquiries it ran its first advertisement in all the major dailies.

(B) without (D) even

02 All products in the catalog are available in

03

08 The Miracle Skin Company has received

(A) before (C) since

(B) by (D) past

09 The company's standing in the telecommuni-

our online store, customers to shop from the convenience of their homes.

cations industry was forged putting the customer's needs first.

(A) allows (C) will allow

(A) regarding (C) when

(B) allow (D) allowing

the wide range of services offered by the agency, it is surprising they have a fairly narrow client base. (A) Meanwhile (C) Considering

the practicality of current import/ export laws. (A) to analyze (C) analyst

11

Mr. Saunders has other questions to ask you . (A) in case (C) despite

(B) but (D) through

10 Delegates from the ITO have gathered

(B) Then (D) Again

04 Please give us your mobile phone number

years of

(B) even if (D) therefore

(B) analyze (D) analysis

worries that the government will be unable to control the budget deficit, it is expected that national spending will reach an all-time high . (A) Nevertheless (C) After

(B) Despite (D) However

05 The women

our organization are either full-time housewives or college students who want to make a difference in our community . (A) join (C) will join

(B) joining (D) will be joining

06 A reminder was sent to the staff that wise of company supplies would decrease monthly expenditures. (A) utilization (C) utilize

(B) utility (D) utilizer

12

new competitors have flooded the market, management does not view them as a serious threat to business . (A) In spite (C) Regardless of

(B) For (D) Even though

13 The studio is expected to release five more films before the end of the year their summer movie makes a good showing at the box office. (A) there (C) if

(B) so (D) then

07 In the business world today , there is a growing optimism the dollar. (A) view (C) over


the rising value of (B) with respect (D) refer to

14 The company is strict about having progress reports submitted week. (A) early (C) by

the end of each (B) when (D) promptly

www.nhantriviet.com

OJ

15 Companies are decreasing the amount of fuel they use higher prices for energy sources have begun to cut into their profits. (A) except (C) until

18 Consumer confidence in the company over the months, due in part to a strategic merchandising campaign.

(B) as (D) at

(A) increase (C) to increase

16 The investigation team questioned all of the

(B) increasing (D) has increased

19 All members

the project team should report to the conference room at 2 p.m. for a special meeting on project proposal writing .

(A) involves (C) involved

(A) once (C) of

17 The work took much less time to accomplish

::::J

n

CD

m

c;3 CD

;:?.

(B) unless (D) when

•

20 An effective manager should not only be able to delegate responsibilities but also give to the staff.

the manager organized the staff into task groups. (A) following (C) soon

en CD

ct ::::J

en

associates in the alleged plot to embezzle company funds . (B) involve (D) involvement

en "'c;·

(B) after (D) by

(A) encouragement (C) encouraging

(B) encourage (D) encouraged

-<

0

m

n

Part 6 Questions 21-23 refer to the following article.

"'"'"'

Cl.

=>

""

The air-travel industry and environmentalists from around the country are eagerly awaiting the 2 nd Air Transportation and the Environment Conference next week. The keynote speakers

21 (A) can open (C) opening

(B) opened (D) is opened

will focus on the concerns and progress made in each of these areas by speaking on current trends in creating more environmentally friendly aircraft and airports . The 1 st Air Transportation and the Environment Conference was highly successful , and all the ses. Therefore, early registration is strongly recommended as sions were very well 22 (A) attended (C) deserved

(B) organized (D) managed

is certain that the discussion meetings scheduled for this year will fill up quickly as well. 23 (A) this (C) there

(B) it (D) that Answers: p. 544

rL.--•-~

"""

r.A--l:.t: .......

66

www.nhantriviet.com

Section 2 Verb-Related Structures Chapter 04 - Forms and Types of English Verbs Chapter 05 - Subject-Verb Agreement Chapter 06 - Tenses Chapter 07 - Active Voice, Passive Voice Chapter 08 - Subjunctives

www.nhantriviet.com

67

Basic Points

An English verb has five typical forms below: G) Basic form or bare infinitive

I work for an advertising company . ~

Third person singular present form (bare infinitive + -s/ -es) She likes to go camping.

@ Past form (bare infinitive+ -ed/irregular past form)

I visited my parents last week. Brian told me a funny story. @ Present participle form (bare infinitive + -ing)

I am playing the trumpet. @ Past participle form (bare infinitive+ -ed / irregular past participle form)

The cat was saved by a stranger. I had brought some cookies to school. <::> Past participle is written as p.p.

English verbs are divided into three types: intransitive verbs, transitive verbs, and linking verbs. Intransitive verbs are used in sentence structure 1; linking verbs are used in sentence structure 2; and transitive verbs are used in sentence structures 3, 4, and 5. G) Structure 1: Subject + intransitive verb

She smiled. ~

Structure 2: Subject + linking verb + subject complement Mark is smart.

@ Structure 3: Subject + transitive verb + object

Dogs like swimming. @ Structure 4: Subject + transitive verb + indirect object + direct object

She sent me a flower. @ Structure 5: Subject + transitive verb + object + object complement

I found Mark wise. 68 - Hackers TOEIC Reading

www.nhantriviet.com

01 0

Modal I Auxiliary Verb + Bare Infinitive

All modal verbs, such as will/would, may/might, can/could, must, should, must be followed by a bare infinitive. I will te-eaH you . call ~ The modal verb will must be followed by the bare infinitive call , not the to-infinitive to call. We could ~The

~

to the park today if you would like to. go modal verb could must be followed by the bare infinitive go, not the gerund going .

All campers should remembrance to bring the following items. - - remember ~ The modal verb should must be followed by the bare infinitive remember, not the noun remembrance . She will forgives you. forgive ~ The modal verb will must be followed by the bare infinitive forgive , not the third person singular present form forgives. '

Notes: 1. Do not get confused when there is the negative word not and I or an adverb between a modal verb · and a bare infinitive. Employers should not automaticallY' dismiss complaints by employees. 2. Use bare infinitives after the following expressions. ought to had better ' would like to be able to be going to have to

used to

Shelly used to work at Greenspan. He is able to run every morning before work. :. -. -

8

I

A bare infinitive must be used after the auxiliary verb do/does/did to form a negative sentence, an interrogative sentence, or an inversion structure. They did not affivB€1 until 2 p.m. arrive ~ After the auxiliary verb did which is used to form the negative sentence, the bare infinitive arrive, not the past form arrived, must be used. Never did I thought about switching careers. think ~ After the auxiliary verb did which is used in the inversion structure, the bare infinitive think , not the past form thought, must be used.


1. The corporation's plan to overhaul the employee benefits program will because it has the full support of the staff. (A) success (C) succeeds

(B) succeed (D) to succeed

2. To achieve success in today's competitive environment, companies must business plan. (A) to establish (C) establish

a solid

(B) establishing (D) establishes

3. The book was delivered by an international courier, but it did not until three weeks after the expected delivery date. (A) arrival (C) arriving

(B) arrive (D) arrived

Answers: p. 544 www.nhantriviet.com

Chapter 04 Forms and Types of English Verbs - 69

• ••

02 0

Auxiliary Verb Be I Have + Participle Form

V-ing and p.p. go with the auxiliary verb be to form the progressive tense (be + V-ing) and the passive voice (be+ p.p.); p.p. goes with the auxiliary verb have to form the perfect tense (have+ p.p.). Progressive tense Passive voice Perfect tense

She is looking out the window. Rental cars were brought back here. I have seen Lion King .

Note: The bare infinitive of the verb be is used after modal verbs (may, must, can, etc.). Susan may be finishing her project tonight. Rental cars must be brought back here.

.

~

.

·~

@ A bare infinitive cannot come after the auxiliary verb be or have. Edward is watefl a film this evening. watching ~ After the auxiliary verb be, watching is used to form the progressive tense. The form must be Stffimit by Tuesday. submitted ~ After the auxiliary verb be, submitted is used to form the passive voice . I have see the new advertisement. seen ~ After the auxiliary verb have, seen is used to form the perfect tense . Note: Have

IS

not always an aux1hary verb. As an ordinary verb, it means to experience, to possess/own or to

eat.

,

·

.

The company has critical financial problems.

,·,./~~~~~.~~~~-~&~·-.. ~.rl...~vi..'.......:....:.r_...,..!:d!&d.·___u_:l.tM


1. The astute manager discerns unspoken employee gripes even before they are (A) express (C) expressive

(B) expression (D) expressed

.,,...

o,~,..j~ .. ~u-:~~t<.''·••

~'

L

2. Environmental groups have severely the auto industry's lackluster efforts to reduce harmful emissions. (A) critical (C) criticism

(B) criticized (D) criticize

3. Real estate values have been

from

year to year in most parts of the United States. (A) rise (C) risen

(B) rose (D) rising Answers: p. 544


www.nhantriviet.com

03 0

Transitive Verbs, Intransitive Verbs

An intransitive verb requires a preposition before its object, while a transitive verb must immediately be followed by an object.

Intransitive verb + preposition + object

Transitive verb + object

speak to a group talk to your customer talk about the problem come to a decision reply to letters react to the updated version respond to a question agree with/to/on their sales policy object to the plan

mention his absence discuss the issue instruct me to hire a lawyer explain the contract answer the question approve the request oppose the new system

-----1

I

i

We have to diseuss about the sudden decrease in export sales of this month . talk ~ Before the noun phrase the sudden decrease is the preposition about. Therefore , an intransitive verb is needed. Discuss is a transitive verb and talk is an intransitive verb . Hence, talk is the correct choice .

8

Note the differences between transitive verbs which require only one object (that-clause) and transitive verbs which require two objects (also called ditransitive verbs).

I I

Transitive verbs (structure 3) + object {that-clause) Transitive verbs (structure 4) + object 1 + object 2 ,.:;_ say/mention/announce (to me) that suggest I propose I recommend (to me) that explain I describe (to me) that

tell I inform I notify me that advise me that assure I convince me that

-< 0

m

n

..

.,"' The supplier sate the purchaser that they had new stock. told ~ There are two objects the purchaser and that they had new stock, so a verb of sentence structure 4 will be correct. Said is a verb of sentence structure 3 and told is a verb of sentence structure 4. Hence, told is the correct choice .


1. The Chief of Security

to us that we should take the highest precautions to ensure no information was leaked to the press. (A) informed (C) notified

(B) convinced (D) mentioned

2. The council

the director that continued support of the Baker project might result in financial loss. (A) advised (C) recommended

(B) explained (D) announced

3. My stockbroker

me about a safe investment plan that would secure my financial future. (A) gave (C) suggested

(B) told (D) recommended Answers : p. 544

www.nhantriviet.com


a.

"

<0

04 0

Bare Infinitives in That-Clauses

After verbs/adjectives/nouns expressing suggestions, requests, duties, etc., bare infinitives must be used in that-clauses. Verbs Adjectives Noun

suggest require imperative advice

propose demand essential

recommend insist necessary

request command important

ask order

My advice is that she takes more classes in business communications. -take ~ After

the noun advice expressing a suggestion , the bare infinitive take must be used in the that-clause .

The hotel manager requests that any meetings ~ After

held in the conference room . be the verb request expressing a demand , the bare infinitive be must be used in the that-clause . afe

It is essential that the process ts completed in a timely fashion. be ~ After the adjective essential expressing a duty, the bare infinitive be must be used in the that-clause . I

Note: If ~he above~mentioned verbs/adjectives/nouns are used in main clauses but they do not express suggestions, requests, duties, etc., then the verbs in that-clauses do NOT take the form of bare infinitives. I A recent cancer study suggests that exposure to the sun make (- makes) our skin prone to cancer.

1.

The Trattoria Restaurant requests that patrons reservations for a table at least two weeks ahead of time. (A) makes (C) made

(B) making (D) make

2. The manufacturer insists that the defective air bags replaced in spite of the high cost of recalling thousands of affected cars. (A) are

(C) have

(B) be (D) has

3. Due to the urgency of this matter, it is imperative that Mr. Lambert one of our customer representatives by 5 p.m. {A) is contacting (C) contact

(B) will contact (D) contacted Answers: p. 544


www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRAC TICE

••••••••••••


01 Crystal will gladly (accept/ acceptance) her boss' offer of a promotion and a raise. 02 It is important that the city (receive/ receives) state funds for its budget. 03 The famous author was asked to (speak/mention) to Harvard's graduating finance majors about the meaning of success.

04 Should you (be/are) unable to attend, have my secretary send you the minutes from the meeting.

•

05 Jessie (would like/was liked) the opportunity to serve on the committee for international diplomacy. 06 Despite the financial benefits, most people in the community (oppose/object) the construction of a chemical plant.

07 The commentator failed to (mention / notify) to us that the source for the story was unreliable.

.

::J:

n

"'"" ~

--< 0

m

n


08 You had better turned in those evaluations before you put in a request for time off. 09 Kate has apply for some vacation time for this coming August. 10 It is imperative that you will submit all reports in a timely fashion. 11 A ceremony will held in honor of Mrs. Stansfield's many accomplishments. 12 Only on Saturday afternoons does the clinic accepts walk-in patients .

13 She is compile the documents and should have them ready for you shortly. 14 It is essential that we to remain aware of our competitors' activities. Answers: p. 545

."'"'

a.

:::0 <0

T ES T

( -1 Time limit: 11 minutes

Part 5

01 The fee must

within two days if you do not wish to forfeit your reservation . (A) be paying (C) to pay

(B) be paid (D) have paid

08 The two leading construction firms have in bidding for the indicated their Swanson Tenement Project. (A) interested (C) interest

(B) interesting (D) interests

02 While Harman's used to

imported furniture , it is now sticking to local products to avoid the hassles of customs . (A) have sold (C) sell

(B) sold (D) selling

09 At the meeting, we will

about the problem concerning the misuse of company telephones and fax machines. (A) object (C) talk

(B) oppose (D) discuss

03 It is essential that no unauthorized persons into the building once it has been locked by the security personnel. (A) admitted (C) be admitted

(B) admit (D) admittance

10 Once all the proposals have been submitted, we will which company is best suited for the new construction project. (A) determination (C) determined

(B) determine (D) determines

04 Until recently , the Family Entertainment not Arcade located in the mall generati ng the revenue its owners expected. (A) is (C) has

(B) was (D) being

11 Your team will need to meet and prepare a timetable when you work on the new project. (A) be (C) have

ready to begin

(B) are (D) will be

05 Financial advisers suggest that setting aside cash for emergencies it easier for the first-time investor to recover from losses. (A) makes (C) make

(B) be made (D) made

12 The canned chicken soup manufacturer insists that all the cans of losses to the company. (A) recall (C) be recalled

, regardless

(B) recalling (D) are recalled

06 Because the positions need to be filled immediately, applications for the positions indicated below be received or postmarked no later than March 21 . (A) might (C) need

(B) ought (D) must

13 The director

not agree with the company president, as he believes that the word processing software market is already glutted. (A) is (C) did

(B) was (D) has

07 The notice on the comm unity bulletin board requested that the purse to its owner and stated that a small reward would be given . (A) returns (C) be returned


(B) returning (D) to return

14 A test was given to the applicants to eliminate those who did not the basic knowledge requirements for the job. (A) meet (C) be met

(B) meeting (D) to meet

www.nhantriviet.com

15 The final report should

on the more recent findings rather than on the data collected a few months ago. (A) base (C) be based

(B) based

18 The stockroom manager the window display designer that the fall display would have to wait because of a delay with the shipment. (A) explained (C) announced

(D) to be based

(B) informed (D) proposed

16 Because of the sudden collapse of the firm , hundreds of people without a job. (A) are found (C) be found

19 Only after one of the employees expressed

themselves

concern did they investigating harassment claims against the supervisor.

(B) finding (D) found

(A) started (C) starts

(B) starting (D) start

17 Faced with a huge decrease in sales, the company half of its employees and closed down two factories . (A) dismiss (C) dismissed

•

20 As there are so many calls for computer

(B) dismissal (D) was dismissed

system repairs, the company technician has his supervisor to hire additional workers . (A) ask (C) asked

(B) asking (D) been asked


-<

0

m

r.

New Drug Said to Knock Out Stress

"' "' "' "'

0..

With PharmaNext currently holding a monopoly on work-related stress-relieving drugs, MediComp has unveiled their new product in an attempt to control the market. According to a company spokesin treating stress caused by illnesses and pains, and also person , Stress-Out TM will 21 (A) aid (C) aiding

(B) to aid (D) aided

provide a balanced mix of multi-vitamins to improve one's immune system. Having received certification from the federal drug administration, MediComp has a few companies with free

22 (A) supply (C) supplying trial samples of the drug . Studies showed that employee

(B) supplier (D) supplied

improved after only two weeks

23 (A) creation (C) execution

(B) productivity (D) abundance

and employees stated they felt healthier and more energetic. The drug is said to be made of a hundred percent organic, herbal ingredients and will not cause any side effects . It will be readily available at all major pharmacies by next month . Answers: p. 545

www.nhantriviet.com


::0

Basic Points

Verbs must agree with their subjects in number. A dog barks. Subject Verb (singular) (singular)

Dogs bark. Subject Verb (plural) (plural)

In the first sentence, the subject A dog is singular, so the verb is singu lar, too (barks). In the second sentence, the subject Dogs is plural, so the verb is plural , too (bark).

The suffix -s I -es is added to the basic form of a verb to form a singular verb; a bare infinitive is used to form a plural verb. Basic form visit watch do have

Singular form visits watches does has

Plural form visit watch do have

The girl has lots of ideas about what to write. The children have lots of ideas about what to write. These rules are only applied in the present simple tense. In the past simple tense , both singular verbs and plural verbs have the same form. The teacher encouraged the students to speak freely . The teachers encouraged the students to speak freely. However, the form of the verb be is different between the singular and the plural in not only the present tense but also the past tense. Basic form be

(Present tense) (Past tense)


Singular form am I is was

Plural form are were

www.nhantriviet.com

01 0

Subject- Verb Agreement in Number

A singular subject must go with a singular verb; a plural subject must go with a plural verb. The lunch menu changes daily. ~ The subject The lunch menu is singu lar, so the verb is singular, too (changes) . The ferries have restaurants that are open for all three meals. ~ The subject The ferries is plural , so the verb is plural , too (have) .

8

A gerund phrase or a noun clause as the subject of a sentence always goes with a singular verb. Reading a book makes me want to fall asleep. The gerund phrase Reading a book must go with the singular verb makes.

~

What I remember about her is a willingness to negotiate. The noun clause What I remember about her must go with the singular verb is.

~

@) Modifiers between subjects and verbs do not affect the subject-verb agreement in number. Services [at this hotel] includes airport pick-up. include ~ Do not let the noun hotel in the modifying phrase distract you . The subject of this sentence is Services, which agrees with the plural verb include.

•• • .... 0 m

n

"' "'"' "

0..

<0

The statement [drawn up by Werner Accountants] provide a benchmark for evaluation . provides ~ Do not let the noun Werner Accountants in the modifying phrase distract you . The subject of this sentence is The statement, which agrees with the singular verb provides.

Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C) , or (D) - best completes the sentence. 1. The recent meeting between the two companies that a deal is near. (A) imply (C) was implied

(B) implies (D) implying

2.

As the members of management have come to realize, the of implementing the new business proposition has to be studied further. (A) prospect (C) prospects

(B) prospective (D) prosperous

3. A decrease in the supply of clean water sources sales in water purification products. (A) aid (C) aiding

(B) aids (D) was aided Answers: p. 545

Hackers Skill

Pay no attention to the modifier(s), make the subject and the verb agree with each other.

02 0

Subject-Verb Agreement with Expressions of Quantity

Singular verbs are used with singular expressions of quantity, and plural verbs are used with plural expressions of quantity.

Singular expressions of quantity

Plural expressions of quantity

one /each +singular noun one/each+ of the+ plural noun every + singular noun the number of + plural noun somebody, someone, something anybody, anyone, anything everybody, everyone, everything nobody, no one, nothing

many/several / few/both (+of the)+ plu ral noun a number of + plural noun a couple/variety of+ plural noun

----------------------~

I

One of the trainees has scored perfect on the company procedures test. Every person at this meeting looks exhausted. Many schools have football teams . Many of the employees take vacation time in the summer. A variety of methods are used to obtain information. Note: VV:hen many, several, both, etc. are used as pronouns and come in the pos1t1on of a subject, they take plural verbs. I Many predict rates w111 be rising soon. ·. I -. -. -.. ~·· -· .. . .

8

For subjects with expressions of quantity indicating a part or the whole, their verbs will agree in number with the nouns after of the. all, most, any, some, half, a lot/lots part, the rest, the bulk, percent, fraction

+of the +

singular noun + singular verb plural noun + plural verb

Half of the annual profit goes to paying taxes and insurance fees . noun after half of the is singular (annual profit), and so is the verb (goes).

~ The

Roughly half of the employees at K Company commute to work by bus. noun after half of the is plural (employees) , and so is the verb (commute).

~ The

Decide which of the choices- (A), (B), (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1. A variety of colors

to be used in the painting , but we will not know which ones until it is cleaned. (A) appear (C) is appeared

(B) appears

(D) are appeared

2. Every employee

to consider what his or her prospects are for career advancement and personal growth, and HRD will provide counseling services to assist them. (A) have needed (C) needing

(B) needs (D) to need

3. All of the consultants' suggestions about the company's position regarding the upcoming merger into consideration by the CEO. (A) is taking (C) will take

(B) was taken

(D) have been taken Answers: p. 545


www.nhantriviet.com

03

Subject-Verb Agreement with Coordinating and Correlative Conjunctions

Cl :x> )>

s: s: )> :x>

0

When two subjects are connected by the coordinating conjunction and, a plural verb is used. The president and the director are working on the plan. ~ The two subjects The president and the director are connected by and , so the verb is plural (are) .

Plural verbs are also used in the structure Both A and B. Both the flower bed and the garden need to be watered. two subjects The flower bed and the garden are connected by Both ... and, so the verb is plural (need) .

~ The

8

When two subjects are connected by the coordinating conjunction or, the verb will agree with the subject closest to it. Two vans or a bus is needed to take those children somewhere. The two subjects Two vans and a bus are connected by or. Hence, the verb takes the singular form (is) to agree with the singular subject a bus.

~

8

When two subjects are connected by the following correlative conjunctions, the verb will agree with the subject B. Either A orB Neither A nor B Not A but B Not only A but (also) 8

e

•• I

"'n "'""' "' .....

In addition to-, along with-, as well as- , and together with - are modifiers that do not affect the number of verbs. Mr. Clarion , (along with his partners] , tfltft* the new venture will work. thinks ~ The verb here corresponds with the singular subject Mr. Clarion, regardless of the modifying phrase along with his partners.


1. Mr. Burns and the secretary of our Arlington branch (A) is coming (C) comes

to the weekend gathering. (B) are coming (D) has come

2. The chef's assistant and I

a special menu for this evening's wine tasting event, which will be attended by some top sommeliers. (A) am preparing (C) are preparing

(B) prepares (D) has prepared

3. The federal government, along with the cooperation of leading industrial companies, to create more jobs for skilled workers . (A) is pushing (C) pushing

(B) are pushing (D) have been pushed Answers:

p. 545

0

m

n :x>

"'c.. "' :::> <0

04 0

Subject-Verb Agreement in Relative Clauses

In a relative clause, if the antecedent is in the singular form, a singular verb must be used. If the antecedent is plural, a plural verb must be used. Singular antecedent . . singular verb + subject relat1ve pronoun (who, which, that) + b p1ura1 ver PI ura I an t ece d en t We have hired an associate who has experience in international sales. verb in the relative clause takes the singular form (has) as the antecedent is singular (an associate) .

~ The

Receptionists who don 't have database experience are useless in today's job market. verb in the relative clause takes the plural form (don't have) as the antecedent is plural (Receptionists).

~ The

@ Do not confuse antecedents and modifiers. Offices [in this building] that is currently leased on a monthly basis will be subject to additional charges. are ~ The

antecedent is Offices, so the corresponding verb takes the plural form (are) . Do not be distracted by the singular noun this building in the modifying phrase.

The virus [in the computers], which were passed on by e-mail , was removed by a computer technician . was ~ The antecedent is The virus, so the corresponding verb takes the singular form (was) . Do not be distracted by the plural noun the computers in the modifying phrase.

Decide which of the choices- (A), (B), (C), or (D) -best completes the sentence.

1. Files that

in the main facility are being removed in an effort to computerize all records and data. (A) were stored (C) was stored

(B) have stored (D) stores

2. Each year, we send representatives from our firm to job fairs that at college campuses throughout the country. (A) held (C) are holding

(B) are held (D) was held

3. The number of users who

support has increased since the company released the latest version of its software. (A) require (C) is required

(B) requires (D) are required Answers: p. 545


www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACT ICE

•••••• •••••


01 Plans to open an office in Asia (was/were) delayed for several months . 02 Employees at this firm that (is/ are) currently salaried will be asked to pull overtime this week. 03 (Many I Much) fear that small business taxes will rise next year.

04 All computers in the office (was/were) damaged in the fire . 05 The guests brought to the convention (is/ are) from the international branch in Germany. 06 Savings (bank/banks) in the western region have begun to increase loan activity.

07 The supervisor, together with investigators, (is/are) going to confront the accountant about fraud accusations.


08 A car and a truck is on sale during the year-end clearance program.

09 Half of the stocks listed on the exchange pays annual dividends. 10 Several guests request that the hotel swimming pool be opened early. 11 The news warn that the airline industry is on the verge of collapse . 12 Uniform with company emblems are required by airlines for both security reasons and customer convenience purposes.

13 Accurate information is needed to make business and economic decisions. 14 Reducing waste through increased recycling are both practical and necessary. Answers: p. 545

•

HA C K E RS


T EST

Part 5 01 All

for long-distance phone calls made from the office are the employee's responsibility. (A) charge (C) to charge

(B) charging (D) charges

(A) one (C) both

in

(B) has seen (D) seeing

10 The shipment of construction tools scheduled to be delivered last week, but a transportation problem caused a short delay.

(B) to publish

(D) have been published

04 Questions

the recent changes in employee benefits and eligibility should be addressed to Mr. Henderson in personnel. (A) concerning (C) concerned

countries as a motive for companies to move production overseas. (A) is seen (C) see

03 North America's Atlas, featuring articles on

(A) publish (C) will be published

(B) stimulated (D) stimulate

09 The cheap cost of labor in developing

offer

(B) them (D) either

individualism and capitalism , August by Russell Palmer.

an

increased demand for over-the-counter remedies . (A) stimulates (C) to stimulate

02 Price-Rite and Herald chain stores are popular with the public, and quality goods at affordable prices.

08 The flu epidemic will probably

(B) concern

(A) was (C) were

11 Work on such infrastructure facil ities as power and water supply, as well as roads and telecommunications , shape in the small town of Loleta. (A) to take (C) has taken

(D) concerns

(B) are (D) is

(B) taking

(D) take

05 A medication is known to be dose-dependent when its effects (A) change (C) to change

as its dosage varies .

at the workplace a long-standing rule that has been enforced since the company's establishment.

(B) changing (D) changes

06 A customer has called to complain that the product he ordered last month yet arrived . (A) is (C) has

not

(B) are (D) have

07 Salespeople who

their interactions with customers on a case-to-case basis are more effective than those who stick to the same approach with everyone. (A) handle (C) are handled

(B) handles (D) handling

12 Disallowing the use of inappropriate language

(A) have (C) is

(D) being

13 A full two-year warranty is provided to anyone who an Eaton laptop computer during the month of May. (A) purchasing (C) purchaser

(B) purchase (D) purchases

14 We would like to inform the participants that the fees for the two-day educational event reference materials, lodging, and meals. (A) cover (C) is covered


(B) has

(B) to cover (D) has covered www.nhantriviet.com

15 With corporate ownership increasing in the

18 The tips listed on the first page of every issue buyers determine what computer accessories they really need and where to buy them.

Eastern hemisphere, many that labor jobs will triple over the next five years. (A) predicting (C) predict

(B) to predict (D) has predicted

(A) help (C) is helping

16 The selection committee

to review the resume , portfolio, and reference letters of each potential candidate. (A) is wanting (B) wants (C) wanting (D) have wanted

19 After completing his degree in business administration , Jeff Damon began working for a research organization that in marketing strategies. (A) to specialize (B) specializes (C) was specialized (D) have specialized

17 The aforementioned increase in pay is offered only to who have completed the required two-year full-time employment contract. (B) employer (A) employ (C) employees (D) employment

(B) helping (D) to be helped

I

20 The number of individuals being recruited by the company this summer for temporary jobs to exceed fifty. (A) is expected (C) expects

(B) are expecting (D) expecting

Part 6 Questions 21-23 refer to the following letter. Noel Velasquez 1015 Meriwether Drive Birmingham, Ml 48009

--1

0

m

n

."'""

Dear Mr. Velasquez,

c.

Thank you for contacting Blue-Ray Distributors about the problem with you r plasma television . We for your inconvenience and will do everything possible to provide you with a solution . You 21 (A) apologize (B) apologizing (C) to apologize (D) apology mentioned that your television screen

only black and white images. This occurs when the (B) display (C) displays (D) was displayed

22 (A) would display

television set is not used correctly or has a manufacturing defect. Our company primarily deals with damage related to shipping , handling and delivery. In view of this, we think it is best to inform the manufacturer of your problem . We therefore advise you to contact your nearest Xavier Manufacturers center. Please do not hesitate to call us at 555-1836 if there is anything else we can 23 (A) security (B) repair (C) marketing (D) technology do, or if you require any further assistance. Sincerely yours, Pierre Leon Customer Representative Answers: p. 545

www.nhantriviet.com

Chapter OS Subject-Verb Agreement- 83

"

<0

Basic Points

Tenses indicate the time of certain actions or states. She worked on the paper last week. She works on the paper a little bit every day. She will work on the paper tomorrow. The verb work changes its form to worked , works , and will work depending on the time the action takes place. These verb variants are called tenses .

In English , there are simple tenses, progressive tenses , and perfect tenses. Simple tenses are used to indicate an action or a state at a specific time. They take the forms of bare infinitive (+ -s/ -es), bare infinitive + -ed I irregular past form , and will

+ bare infinitive. Present simple Past simple Future simple

Club members meet every Wednesday at 7 p.m. Club members met in various locations in Grand Folks . Club members will meet today after school.

Progressive tenses are used to indicate an action or a state that is in progress. They take the form of be + V-ing . Present progressive Past progressive Future progressive

Jane is walking . Jane was walking. Jane will be walking to work.

Perfect tenses are used to indicate an action or a state that already finished . They take the form of have + p.p. Present perfect Past perfect Future perfect


Denise has left. Denise had left already. Denise will have left by that time .

www.nhantriviet.com

01 0

Present/ Past/ Future Simple Tense

The present simple tense is used to express a habitual action or a general truth. She usually charges high fees for her consulting service. The present simple tense (charges) is used to express the habitual action .

~

A good supervisor creates a nice environment. The present simple tense (creates) refers to the overall characteristic of a good supervisor.

~

@ The past simple tense is used to express an action or a state that happened and finished in the past. Miguel instituted the Art Appreciation Program two years ago. action finished in the past (two years ago) , so the verb is in the past simple tense (instituted).

~ The

8

The future simple tense is used to indicate an action that will happen after the moment of speaking or a prediction in the future. We will go to the beach tomorrow . The future simple tense (will go) refers to the action in the future .

~

•

Note: Both the present progressive tense {be + V-ing) and the structure be going to + bare infinitive are used to express future planned act1ons. I am seeing Cathy on Tuesday mght. I~ a new cell phone next week. '

'

9 The present simple tense is used in adverb clauses of time referring to the future and in first conditional clauses. When you will finish the course , a certificate will be sent to you. finish ~ The present simple tense (finish) is used in the adverb clause of time though it refers to the future time . If the survey results ~

wfH--I:}e

satisfactory, the company will launch the sale.

are The present simple tense (are) is used in the first conditional clause though it refers to the future time .

Notes: .1. Adverb cla~ses oftime and conditional clauses are introduced by the following conjunctions: when, before, after,as soon as, once, by the time , if, unless, etc. '

2. When m,ain clauses go with aqverb clauses of time referring to the future and first conditional clauses, their verbs are generally in the future simple tense. When you finish the course;~ certificate is sent (-will be sent) to you. ·':> The verb in the adverb clause of time is in the present simple tense (finish), so the verb in the main clause is in the future simple tense (will be sent). v·,,, .,.,

. Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1. Mr. and Mrs. Robertson , who

the Strong Children Organization, will be giving speeches at our company dinner tonight. (A) founding (C) found

(B) foundation (D) founded

2. Mr. Sanders out of the country until next Friday, but you can contact him by e-mail if there are matters of urgency. (A) is being (C) will have been

(B) will be (D) has been

3. If management

Ms. Fernandez to rewrite the project analysis over the weekend, they will have to pay her for overtime. (A) will ask (C) will have asked

(B) asks (D) would ask Answers:

p. 545

.... 0 ,..,m "'"'

'"c..

"""

02 0

Present/ Past/ Future Progressive Tense

The present progressive tense (am/is/are+ V-ing) is used to express an action that is happen ing at present or at the moment of speaking. She is living in Canada at the moment. -

The present progressive tense is used to express the action that is in progress at

prese~t

(is living) .

Notes: 1. To express a habitual action, we use the present simple tense, not the present progressive tense. 1 Mr. Clark is usually giving (- usually gives) us snacks in the afternoon. «~· The action happens habitually, so the present simple tense is used (gives).

I I

2. To express an action or a state in progress, we use the present progressive tense, not the present I , t s1mple tense. J The dog barks (- is barking) at the cat.

..L·~> !~~ ~i~Jl~J;;,J~.P.~PJ:~DL~.~; so ~h-~p~esent pro2:essive tense is used (is barking).

@ The past progressive tense (was/were + V-ing) is used to put emphasis on the course of an

action at a specific time in the past. I was watching TV at eight o'clock yesterday. - The action was in progress at a specific time in the past (eight o'clock yesterday) , so the past progressive tense is used (was watching).

@) The future progressive tense (will be+ V-ing) is used to put emphasis on the course of an

action at a specific time in the future. At this time tomorrow, I will be lying on the beach. - The action will be in progress at a specific time in the future (this time tomorrow) , so the future progressive tense is used (will be lying) .

9 Below are some static verbs that cannot be used in progressive tenses. surprise include

shock need

hate be

prefer know

want exist

believe

I am pFefeFFing the sound of the sea. prefer - Prefer is a perception verb, so the present progressive tense am preferring cannot be used .

The president is being out of the office. is - Be is a static verb, so the present progressive tense is being cannot be used .


1. The majority of home designers believe that more people in the United States in townhouses or gated communities by the year 2020. (A) had been lived (C) will be living

(B) lived (D) is living

2. Facilities at the university recreational center an Olympic-sized swimming pool , five racquetball courts, and an indoor track. (A) are including (C) includes

(B) include (D) has included

3. The company president the applicant for the accounting manager position at 8 this morning. (A) interview (C) was interviewing

(B) interviewed (D) will interview Answers: p. 545


www.nhantriviet.com

03

Present/Past/Future Perfect Tense

C\

"" )>

0

The present perfect tense (have I has+ p.p.) is used to express an action that began in the past and continues up to the present time, or has just been completed at the moment of speaking. It also suggests that a past action still has an effect upon something at present.

:;::: :;::: )>

""

He has served for 5 years on the board of Brown University. ~

The act of serving began 5 years ago and continues until now, so the present perfect tense is used (has served) .

I have already finished my project. ~

The project was started in the past and has just been completed , so the present perfect tense is used (have finished) .

I have never visited Mexico. ~

This experience has not taken place from the past to the present time, so the present perfect tense is used (have never visited).

I have lost my watch . ~ The

incident has happened at some time unknown before the moment of speaking , so the present pefect tense is used (have lost).

• :I:

@ The past perfect tense (had + p.p.) is used to indicate that one action occurred and completed before

<1) ~

another action in the past.

-< 0

m

When the party finished, my sister had already departed. ~

,..,,.. "'

n

The act of the sister's leaving happened before the party ended, so we use the past perfect tense had departed.

"" <1)

"'c.. ::0

@) The future perfect tense (will have + p.p.) is used to express an action that will be completed before a specific point of time in the future. I will have studied for 5 years by next December. ~ The act of studying will last 5 years and complete before a specific time in the future (next December) , so we use the future perfect tense (will have studied) .


1. This year the car industry

many investors because automotive products now make up 15 percent of the country's exports.

(A) attract (C) attracting

(B) has attracted (D) had attracted

2.

By exercising at the gym during lunchtime, she could relieve work-related stress that built up from the morning.

(A) are (C) has been

(B) would (D) had been

3. Next fall, Irene

employed with this corporation for over a decade as an advisor to the president. (A) has been (C) had

(B) is (D) will have been Answers: p. 545

www.nhantrrviet.com

Chapter 06 Tenses

87

"'

04 0

Agreement in Tense

Verbs must agree in tense based on time expressions. Below are some time expressions that are commonly used. Past simple tense yesterday recently a period of time + ago last + a period of time in + a point of time in the past

Present simple tense usually often each month /year generally

Presentperlecttense since + a point of time in the past in the last /past over the year recently

Future simple and future perlect tenses tomorrow next + a period of time by/until+ a point of time in the future as of + a point of time in the future by the time + subject + verb (present tense) when + subject +verb (present tense)

She has started to work for this firm last year. started ~ Because last year refers to the past, the past simple tense started is used . She tattgftt English since she moved here . has taught -~ With the structure since + subject + verb (past simple tense), the verb in the main clause is in the present perfect tense (has taught). She has served for 14 years by the time she retires . will have served ~With the structure by the time + subject + verb (present simple tense), the verb in the main clause is in the future perfect tense (will have served). Note: W1th the structure by the time+ subject+ verb (past simple tense), the verb 1n the ma1n clause is in the past perfect tense. Sh~ left (- had left) the office by the time the package was delivered. ~: ~e verb in the adverb clause of t1me is in the past s1mple tense (was delivered), so the verb 1n the main clause . 'l'~ be in~ past f?erlecl tense (had left).

@ When the verb in the main clause is in the past simple tense, the verb in the subordinate clause will be in the past simple or past perfect tense. Mr. MacKenzie explained that the fiscal report is completed the preceding week. was completed ~ The verb in the main clause is in the past simple tense (explained) and the subordinate clause also mentions a past event, so the verb in the subordinate clause must be in the past simple tense (was completed).

Decide which of the choices- (A), (B), (C), or (D) -best completes the sentence.

1.

Television viewership slightly since the advent of the Information Age and the invention of the personal computer. (A) drop (C) has dropped

(B) will drop (D) dropping

2. Last week, a newspaper columnist an article that triggered an investigation into the university's admissions practices. (A) writes (C) wrote

(B) has written (D) have written

3. Management was informed that the shipment from the branch office in Paris the following Thursday . (A) arriving (C) have arrived

(B) would arrive (D) has arrived Answers: p. 545


www .nha ntriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE

••••••••••••

Cl

"" )>

s: s: )> ""


01 When Martin (reads I read) the contract, he discovered that he had been deceived . 02 William reluctantly (attends/attended) the seminar, but he surprisingly found it very helpful.

03 After returning from vacation, we learned that a storm (had damaged/damages) our house. 04 James (retire/retired) years ago, but he still has stock in his former employer. 05 The reports estimate that earnings (will double/has doubled) by the end of next year.

•

06 If you (believe/had believed) that there may be financial wrongdoing, please notify your supervisor.

07 What the new IT specialist knows about data systems (was/will be) useful when the office updates its computer programs.

08 As soon as the board (makes/will make) its decision , the managers will implement the plan. -< 0

m

09 The Pioneer Fund (has been / is) the company's biggest earner over the past four years.

10 The manufacturing company (needs/is needing) to increase production capacity in order to keep pace with its competitors .

Choose a correct time expression for each sentence.

11 Mr. Hyland will have served as CEO of the company for ten years (since/by the time) he retires. 12 Jeffery has analyzed stock market figures (in/since) 2000 when he joined a firm on Wall Street. 13 Steven , who previously worked in the sales department, is a manager in the head office (two years ago / at the moment) .

14 The company (once/usually) requires three years of experience for all job applicants. Answers: p. 546

n

..."""'a. "

HA C KE RS

T EST


Part 5 01 The employees in the accounting division were stunned to learn that three of their coworkers that very morning . (A) had fired (C) had been fired

(B) will have been fired (D) fired

08 Participants

to complete an evaluation at the conclusion of the photography workshop. (A) is asked (C) have asked

(B) were asked (D) were asking

09 Because of the weakening economy this 02 Mr. Keating

Rick Chang as officerin-charge for the duration of his European business trip last Wednesday.

year, any purchases in new assets and properties carefully studied over the next several months.

(A) designate (C) has designated

(A) have (C) will have to be

(B) is designating (D) designated

03 When Mr. Arellano and his team

(B) have been (D) will have been

10 To create a more healthy work atmosphere,

the write-up, please have them send it to my desk immediately.

Graydon Finance a sports center in the office facilities two months ago.

(A) will finish (C) finish

(A) building (C) has built

(B) would finish (D) will have finished

04 A competent manager

opportunities for his employees to improve themselves professionally. (A) created (C) creates

(B) create (D) creating

(B) built (D) builds

11 Analysts predict that agricultural biotechnology little interest for investors because of the opposition to genetically modified products. (A) hold (C) will hold

(B) held (D) have held

05 Until the beginning of this year, the amusement park visitors . (A) has (C) is

not attracting many (B) was (D) being

12 If you

any problems with your new word processing software, check the handbook first before consulting our technical support. (A) had experienced (C) were experienced

(B) experience (D) experiencing

06 A new printer for the faculty room purchased as soon as the requisition slip is signed. (A) will be (C) had been

(B) would be (D) has been

07 In the past ten years , the number of Americans using 90 percent of their disposable income to pay off credit card debts by 30 percent. (A) has been rising (C) was rising


(B) will have risen (D) has risen

13 Although online brokers usually

the least in commissions , they require you to do your own research instead of giving you advice. (A) charging (C) charge

(B) charges (D) are charging

14 Ever since Mr. Smith

head of the town's community center, he has been holding at least two meetings per week. (A) was elected (C) is electing

(B) will elect (D) had elected

www.nhantriviet.com

"'

"" >

:;:: :;::

>

"' 15 The supervisor thinks that the factory's produc-

18 By the time the two new large printers are

tion capacity by the end of the year, provided a new group of full-time workers is hired.

installed, demand for the popular publication twofold.

(A) will double (C) had doubled

(A) has increased (C) been increased

(B) has doubled (D) been doubled

16 Recently, those in managerial positions in more seminars and lectures on positive leadership and motivation for employees. (A) (B) (C) (D)

were participated are to be participating have been participating will have been participating

17 The two law firms

more clients now that they have joined forces on their goal to provide affordable legal advice. (A) receives (B) receiving (C) are receiving (D) were received

(B) had increased (D) will have increased

19 Although there a concerted effort by the company to increase its market share, the results have been disappointing . (A) has been (B) are (C) were (D) will be 20 Mr. Benson said that the maid never to clean his quarters the whole time he stayed at the hotel. (A) comes (C) come

•

(B) came (D) coming

Part 6 Questions 21-23 refer to the following letter.

:I:

"'

n

7<"

"'

Pamela Bailey 1001 Briggs Road , Suite 280 Mt. Laurel , NJ 08054

~

..... 0

m

n

"' "'"'c..

Dear Ms. Bailey,

"

<0

I am pleased to inform you that your application for the position of managerial assistant has been accepted . On behalf of Bio-Meds Pharmaceutical Company, I would like to congratulate you . As mentioned in the description, you will be providing support to management, supervisory 21 (A) operating (C) career

(B) promise (D) job

and professional staff. Your main duties will be scheduling appointments and events, transm itting information and following up on projects conducted by the staff. During your three-month trial period , you will be trained by Nelson Meade, whom you during your interview. Should you 22 (A) meet (C) would have met

(B) met (D) will meet

the position, you will start on February 20. We hope to hear from you before February 17 23 (A) accepted (B) accepting (C) acceptance (D) accept and look forward to working with you . Sincerely yours, Rita Carson Human Resources Department Answers: p. 546

Basic Points The active voice is used to emphasize the agent or performer of an act ion. The passive voice is used to emphasize the receiver of an action , not the agent who performs it . The structure of the passive voice is be (conjugated) + past participle (p.p.). Active voice

I designed this bu ilding.

Passive voice This building was designed by me . In the first sentence, the subject I is the performer of the action design. So, the active voice is used . In the second sentence, the subject This building receives the action design. So, the passive voice is used. Forms of the active voice

Simple tenses

be+ V-ing (Progressive tenses)

have+ p.p. (Perfect tenses)

Forms of the passive voice

be + p.p.

be being + p.p. (Progressive tenses)

have bee n + p. p. (Perfect tenses)

To form a passive sentence , the object of the active sentence will become the subject of the passive sentence. Then, the verb in the active sentence will be changed into the past participle after adding the verb be which must agree with the new subject and the tense of the verb in the active sentence. Active voice

Carol cooked dinner. Subject Verb {active) Object

Passive voice

-~

Dtnner was cooked oy Carol. Subject

Verb (passive)

by + agent

Only transitive verbs can be used in the passive voice; intransitive verbs cannot because they do not have direct objects. We were arrived in Prague. (X) We arrived in Prague.

(O)

Arrive is an intransitive verb; thus, it cannot be used in the passive voice . Some intransitive verbs that are frequent ly found in the TOEIC test include take place , rise , occur, and consist. Remember that these verbs cannot be used in the passive voice. 92 - Hackers TOEIC Reading

www.nhantriviet.com

01

Identifying Active I Passive Sentences

C'l

"" s::

)>

0

An active sentence includes an object following a transitive verb, while a passive sentence does not have an object (except the verb in the sentence is ditransitive).

s::

)>

""

The assistant is-ttse6 the computer. uses ~ The verb use is a transitive verb and followed by the object the computer. Hence, the verb must be in the active voice (uses). A new machine will iftstalf. be installed ~ The transitive verb install needs an object, but there is no object here. So, the verb must be in the passive voice (be installed) .

@ Verbs in to-infinitive phrases and relative clauses can be put in the active or passive voice based on whether they have a direct object or not. The tenant is supposed to be paid the rent on July 1. to pay ~ Because there is an object (the rent) in the to-infinitive phrase, the verb in this to-infinitive phrase must be in the active voice (to pay) .

•

The draft was supposed to discuss in the workshop. to be discussed ~ Because there is no object in the to-infinitive phrase, the verb in this to-infinitive phrase must be in the passive voice (to be discussed). A famous author who is written children's fairy tales is signing autographs today . writes ~ Because there is an object (children's fairy tales) in the relative clause , the verb in this relative clause must be in the active voice (writes). We have received all of the items that list in the files . are listed ~ Because there is no object in the relative clause, the verb in this relative clause must be in the passive voice (are listed).


1. The e-mail addresses and telephone numbers should be the blanks provided . (A) written (C) wrote

carefully in

2.

the mailing of the package, you will need to add five dollars more to the shipping fee . (A) To expedite (C) To be expedited

(B) Expedited (D) Will expedite

3. You must fill out the tax form , a copy of which (B) write (D) writing

is to the contractual agreement you received on the first day. (A) attach (C) attaching

(B) attachment (D) attached Answers: p. 546

Hackers Skill

Remember that if there is an object after a transitive verb, the sentence is in the active voice. On the contrary, if there is no object, the sentence is in the passive voice.

-< 0

m

n

"""'

"'a. :::>

""

02 0

Passive Voice of Verbs in Sentence Structures 4 and 5

Transitive verbs in sentence structure 4 have two objects. Either of these objects can become the subject in the passive sentence, depending on the focus. Active voice Passive voice Indirect object becomes the subject Direct object becomes the subject ~

She gave her sister the car. Her sister was given the car. The car was given to her sister.

When the indirect object her sister becomes the subject in the passive sentence, the direct object the car follows the passive verb . When the direct object the car becomes the subject in the passive sentence, the preposition to is added before the indirect object her sister.

Note: When the direct object of such verbs as give, send, grant becomes the subject in the passrve sentence, after the passive verb, the preposrtron to rs added before the indrrect object. The preposition for is used rnstead for verbs like buy, make, get, find, build. The house was built to (-for) homeless people. .

8

I

-

Transitive verbs in sentence structure 5 have an object and an object complement. In the passive sentence, the object complement is placed after the passive verb. • When the object complement is a noun phrase: Active voice Victoria considered him a genius. Passive voice He was considered a genius by Victoria. ~ The

object him becomes the subject He in the passive sentence; the object complement a genius remains after the passive verb was considered . Do not mistake a genius as the object and conclude that this is an incorrect passive sentence.

• When the object complement is a to-infinitive phrase: Active voice He asked me to send a stamped envelope. Passive voice I was asked to send a stamped envelope. ~ The

object me becomes the subject I in the passive sentence, and the object complement to send remains after the passive verb was asked .

Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence. 1. Ray Murphy submitted a requisition form yesterday to make certain he given a projector for today's presentation. (A) has (C) is

(B) have (D) are

2. Though somewhat new at making presentations, Paul Blakely is of the team.

the best public speaker

(A) consider (C) considering

(B) to consider (D) considered

3. The research team

to make back-up files of all their work to prevent loss of valuable data. (A) reminded (C) will remind

(B) was reminded (D) was reminding Answers: p. 546


www.nhantriviet.com

03

Active and Passive Voices of Perception Verbs

Cl

"" )>

0

For perception verbs, also called verbs of perception, the active voice is used if the subject itself causes the feelings, and the passive voice is used if the subject has or receives the feelings. Positive feelings

interest fascinate

excite encourage

amuse satisfy

please

Negative feelings

disappoint tire

discourage trouble

dissatisfy

depress

Shock, confusion

bewilder

frustrate

shock

surprise

The results of the negotiations .,..,ere pleased both of the attending parties. pleased -.. The subject The results brings about the feeling of pleasure, so the active voice is used (pleased). I am pleasing to hear that you are feeling better. am pleased -.. The subject I receives the feeling of pleasure, so the passive voice is used (am pleased). The regional director ·.vas dissatisfied the workers by refusing to give salary raises. dissatisfied -.. The subject The regional director brings about the feeling of dissatisfaction, so the active voice is used (dissatisfied). The workers dissatisfy with management's handling of the situation. are dissatisfied ~ The subject The workers receives the feeling of dissatisfaction, so the passive voice is used (are dissatisfied) . The news was surprised the man. surprised -.. The subject The news brings about the feeling of surprise, so the active voice is used (surprised). The man surprised by the news. was surprised -.. The subject The man receives the feeling of surprise, so the passive voice is used (was surprised) .

Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence. 1. Young businessmen who set up venture companies should guard against being during the first year of operations. (A) disappoint (C) disappointing

(B) disappointed (D) disappointment

2. When he took up cooking, Jerry Porter was to learn how easy it was to make inexpensive, great-tasting meals. (A) fascinate (C) being fascinated

(B) fascinating (D) fascinated

3. The manager

her staff with news of an upcoming bonus if sales figures reached company goals by the end of the quarter. (A) encourage (C) encouraging

(B) was encouraged (D) encouraged Answers: p. 546

s:: s::

)>

""

•

04 0

Expressions of the Passive Form

Expressions with verbs in sentence structure 3 be be be be be be be be be be be

amused at pleased with delighted with satisfied with gratified with disappointed at interested in involved in engaged in associated with related to

be be be be be be be be be be be

+

prepositions

surprised at alarmed at astonished at frightened at shocked at divided into absorbed in indulged in devoted to dedicated to skilled in

be be be be be be be be be be be

worried about concerned about/over bored with tired of ashamed of convinced of equipped with covered with crowded with based on exposed to

This hotel room is equipped with luxurious baths and tiles. The strength of the alloy is closely related to the quality of the ore.

@ Expressions with verbs in sentence structure 5 be be be be be be

asked to requested to told to reminded to encouraged to invited to

be be be be be be

+ to-infinitive

phrases

required to urged to advised to warned to intended to expected to

be be be be be

allowed to permitted to prepared to supposed to scheduled to

The project managers are required to fill in forms and get them signed. Employees are reminded to use office e-mail only for business purposes.

Decide which of the choices- (A), (B), (C), or (D) -best completes the sentence. 1. The accounting team is to providing accurate billing statements and resolving all customer enquiries within twenty-four hours. (A) dedicating (C) dedicate

(B) dedicated (D) dedication

2. As a member of our office, you are invited the annual charity auction . (A) attending (C) attends

(B) to attend (D) attend

3. We are truly

with the positive consumer response to our new marketing strategy. (A) delight (C) delighted

(B) delighting (D) delightedly Answers: p. 546


www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE

••••••• • ••


01 Judy (implied I was implied) that she was treated unfairly by management recently.

02 Sales (expect/are expected) to decrease as a result of the recession. 03 The budget director (rejected/was rejected) the plan to cut back on spending . 04 The business owner was (frustrating/frustrated) by the lack of adequate capital to make investments. 05 Artists (have painted I have been painted) a large mural on a wall in the conference hall.

•

06 The plans for the merger (will take/will be taken) at least a month to evaluate.

07 Jason was (exciting /excited) to learn that he was being considered for a promotion.


-< 0

m

n

"' "'

"'c.

08 Employee motivation is closely relating to the success of a company.

"'

"'

09 The building will be undergoing renovation for the next three weeks. 10 A proposal for a partnership offered to an Italian firm last week. 11 This product made for busy working mothers who need help in the kitchen. 12 All assembly line workers are advised wearing protective eyewear and gloves while working . 13 A lifelong honorary membership in the firm has granted to the retired CEO. 14 The company is dedicated to its goal of introducing products that are modern, functional, and affordable.

Answers: p. 546

www.nhantriviet.com

Chapter 07 Active Voice, Passive Voice - 97

HA CK ERS


T EST

Part 5 01 A replacement for the outgoing advertising manager has not yet been , but the possibilities have been narrowed down to five applicants . (A) chose (C) chosen

(B) choice (D) choose

08 The manager is to announce that Morgan & Co. will be giving stock options to all interested employees. (A) please (C) pleasant

(B) pleased (D) pleasing

09 After today's planning session is completed , 02 Each year, Gibbins Foods, a local food manufacturer, five thousand cans of vegetables to the city's homeless shelters.

the members of each group will be a report of their team 's objectives for the next three years .

(A) donates (C) donating

(A) generation (C) generated

(B) to donate (D) are donated

03 The contract stipulates that an employee is to do overtime during weeks that presentations or special reports are being prepared. (A) requirement (C) required

(B) requires

(B) generate (D) generating

10 We would like you

by our assistant manager who will give you a tour of the company's offices and facilities. (A) escorting (C) to be escorted

(B) to escort (D) escort

(D) requisition

11 Harwood Department Store will be 04 The campaigns that

assigned to the broadcasting division have been scrapped due to lack of support.

later this weekend to allow our shoppers to take advantage of our end-of-season clearance sale.

(A) having (C) be

(A) close (C) to close

(B) were (D) had

05 The announcement in the newsletter is meant to Mr. Meyer's remarks on the merger between the two communications firms. (A) clarified (C) clarification

(B) be clarified (D) clarify

(B) closes (D) closing

12 To meet the special needs of our branches in Asia, a total of twenty-four trained staff will to Japan, Hong Kong , and Thailand. (A) send (C) be sending

(B) be sent (D) have sent

13 Membership at the exclusive sports club 06 No matter what the brand , computers purchased at this shop will be free of charge for a full year from the date of purchase. (A) service (C) to service

(B) servicing (D) serviced

benefits ranging from the use of all sports equipment to discounted rates at the club's restaurant and bar. (A) includes (C) have included

(B) to include (D) including

14 The introduction of the specially trained conflict 07 First-class seats are

with Internet hook-ups, global telephones and faxing capabilities for all of your airborne professional needs . (A) equip (C) equipped

98 - Hackers TOEIC Readmg

(B) equipment (D) equipping

resolution advisors to reduce tension between management and frustrated employees. (A) (B) (C) (D)

expected is expected has been expecting will have been expecting www.nhantriviet.com

Cl

"' s:: )>

s::

)>

"'

15 If the director

that the top candidate was still a consultant for Master Lines, Inc., he could have given others greater priority. (A) tell (B) telling (C) had told (D) had been told

18 Participants in the seminar were

16

the machine's continued operation, a thorough check by maintenance personnel should take place bimonthly.

19 Before structural renovations take place, all

(A) To be ensure (C) Will ensure

to make hotel reservations by the date indicated on the list of hotels. (A) advisable (B) advisory (C) advising (D) advised

businesses must the building as indicated in the official notice issued last month.

(B) To ensure (D) Ensured

(A) vacant (C) vacate

17 The winners of the logo contest are to be at the dinner this evening, which will begin at 8:00 p.m . at the International Plaza Hotel's Blue Room . (A) plan (B) plans (C) planning (D) planned

(B) vacancy (D) be vacated

20 Access to the computer terminals during evening hours, so it is necessary for us to finish the work during the day. (A) restrict (B) to restrict (C) is restricted (D) has restricted

• ••


.... 0 m

Date : March 3 To : All Personnel From : Matthew Sparks, Administrative Office Subject: Vehicle Maintenance

'"'

.,"' "'c.. "'

"'

Now that the winter season is nearly over, all company cars must

in for necessary

21 (A) be turned (C) turn

(B) to turn (D) turning

maintenance and repairs . Icy road conditions and freezing temperatures result in greater wear on the cars' tires , engines, cooling systems and transmissions. Although sales personnel use their cars more often , other staff are also required to check their

22 (A) vehicles (C) projects This week, all employees

(B) receipts (D) purchases

to bring their automobiles in to any of the automotive centers

23 (A) encouraging (C) encouraged

(B) is encouraging (D) are encouraged

that the company recommends . Thank you . Answers: p. 546

www.nhantriviet.com

Chapter 07 Active Voice, Passive Voice - 99

Basic Points

The subjunctive is used to express a hypothetical situation, which means a situation that is contrary to the fact in the present or in the past. It is also used to express a situation that is unlikely to happen in the future . If I were rich , I would travel the wo rld . If I had been rich , I would have led a very different life. The first sentence implies a situation contrary to the present fact. It can be inferred that this person is not rich , so he / she cannot travel the world . The second sentence implies a situation contrary to the fact in the past. It can be understood that this person was not rich , so his / her life was not good then.

The subjunctive is used in if-clauses with special tenses. If I won a million dollars, I would faint. This is a situation contrary to the present fact. The past simple tense (won) is used in the if-clause, and the past form of the modal verb going with the bare infinitive of the main verb (would faint) is used in the main clause . If I had won the lottery, I would have sent many poor teenagers to college . This is a situation contrary to the fact in the past. The past perfect tense (had won) is used in the if-clause, and the past form of the modal verb going with the perfect form of the main verb (would have sent) is used in the main clause.

It is important to distinguish between real conditional sentences and possible future conditions starting with if. If you experience any difficulties , please contact one of our customer service staff. If I have a midday break tomorrow, we will meet up for a lunch . These conditional sentences are used to express that the action in the main clause can only take place in case a certain condition in the if-clause is fulfilled .


www.nhantriviet.com

01 0

Future/Past/Past Perfect/Mixed Subjunctive

The verb forms in the if-clause and the main clause of the future/past/past perfect subjunctive are as follows:

I

Future subjunctive If + subject+ should + bare infinitive, subject + will/can/may /should + bare infinitive

Expressing a situation that will be unlikely to happen in the future

Past subjunctive

If + subject + verb in past simple tense (be becomes Expressing a situation contrary to a fact in the present were regardless of what the subject is), subject + would/could/might/should + bare infinitive

Past perfect subjunctive

If+ subject+ had p.p. , subject+ would/could/

Imight/should + have p.p.

Expressing a situation contrary to a fact in the past

If rain should come today, we will move the party indoors. If computers were cheap , I would buy ten of them for my home. If Nancy had come, Jeff might have turned down the invitation.

•

8 In the mixed subjunctive, the time relation between the if-clause and main clause is different. If + subject + had p.p., subject+ would + bare infinitive Past pertect subJunctive

Past subjunctive

- The past perfect subjunctive in the if-clause refers to a situation contrary to a fact in the past, and the past subjunctive in the main clause implies a situation contrary to a fact in the present. If I had asked for time off last month, I would be on vacation now. past perfect subjunctive had asked in the if-clause refers to the situation contrary to the fact in the past. The past subjunctive would be in the main clause implies the situation contrary to the fact in the present.

~ The

-< 0

m

,.., "'"'

"'c.

"

<0


1. If measures had not been taken to reduce company expenses, the added costs would by the customers. (A) (B) (C) (D)

assume have been assumed had been assumed be assuming

2. If personal income taxes had been lowered, the national economy quickly. (A) (B) (C) (D)

much more

recovered has recovered would have recovered has been recovered

3. If the client had come on time, these negotiations

completed by now.

(A) would be (C) wouldn't have been

(B) would have been (D) would not be Answers: p. 546

www.nhantriviet.com

Chapter 08 Subjunctives - 101

02

Other Structures of Subjunctives

0 If-clauses can be replaced by the inversion structure. Future subjunctive If + subject + should + bare infinitive, subject + will I can I may I should + bare infinitive q Should+ subject+ bare infinitive, subject+ will/can/may/should+ bare infinitive Past subjunctive (Only when the main verb in the if-clause is were)

If+ subject+ were+ noun/adjective, etc., subject+ would/could/might/should+ bare infinitive q Were+ subject+ noun / adjective, etc., subject+ would/could/might/should+ bare infinitive


q Had+ subject+ p.p., subject+ would/could/might/should+ have p.p.

If+ subject+ had p.p., subject+ would/could/might/should+ have p.p.

If Arnold should call, he can come at any time. q Should Arnold call, he can come at any time.

If Brad and I were not friends, I would be interested in dating him. q Were Brad and I not friends, I would be interested in dating him .

If he had worked harder, he would have gotten the promotion . q Had he worked harder, he would have gotten the promotion.

8 If-clauses can also be replaced by the structure without+ noun/object pronoun. Past subjunctive

Subject+ would/could/might/should+ bare infinitive+ without+ noun/object pronoun ( = if it were not for+ noun /object pronoun)


Subject+ would/could/might/should+ have p.p. +without+ noun/object pronoun ( = if it had not been for + noun /object pronoun)

I couldn't do it without you. I could never have done it without you. Note: Otherwise is also used to replace an if-clause. He took a taxi; otherwise (= if he had not taken a taxi), he would not have made the meeting on time.


2.

1. Had the contract

earlier, we might have been able to discuss the conditions and make a decision before the weekend. (A) deliver (C) been delivered

(B) delivered (D) were delivered

Had the team submitted the report on schedule, the manager to postpone the meeting of the Board of Directors. (A) did not have (C) would not had

3.

(B) would not be had (D) would not have had

your rental application be denied, the owner of the apartment will refund the cost of processing the application. (A) Could (C) May

(B) Do (D) Should Answers: p. 546

..... .... - L-.. ........ ~ ... : •• : ..... + ,.,..._...

HACKERS PRACTICE • • • • • • • • • • • • •

(;>

"'s:: )>

s:: )>

"' Choose a correct option for each sentence.

01 If it had not been for inflation , Jamie would (save/have saved) more money. 02 The team (can/could) never have done such a good job without Steve's input. 03 If I had filled out the application on time, I would (be/have been) working there now.

04 Kelly would not (take/have taken) the job if she had known about the other offer.

05 But for the dedicated efforts of our staff, the business (will/would) have crumbled under the competition .

06 If people (used/have used) public transportation. more, the air would be less polluted.

07 Had the flight been cancelled, we would (miss/have missed) the meeting.

•• •• -<

0

Correct the underlined parts in the following sentences.

m

,...,

"' "'"' "'"

0..

08 If Joseph applied for the job, he would have been hired.

09 If it were not for its loyal employees, the company is not where it is today. 10 If Jack asked the workers politely to work overtime, they would have at least considered it. 11 Had the client called about the problem, it will be solved immediately by the representative . 12 If Erin bought that house, she would have put herself into deep debt. 13 If she has finished her work this week , she would have gone shopping with us. 14 Our public relations department shall have been more prepared to handle the press' questions.

Answers: p. 546

HA C K ERS

T ES T


Part 5

01 If customers were unhappy with the quality of it or provide a

a product, the store refund. (A) would exchange (C) have exchanged

(B) exchange (D) will exchange

02 Had we

that Mr. Robbins had a case pending in crim inal court , we would never have hired him for the job . (A) been known (C) know

never have won the account without the support of the very talented copywriters in the advertising division .

in the next

(B) executes (D) will execute

continue to favor creditors , many small-scale compan ies bankrupt. (B) will go (D) goes

07 The supervisor commented that the manual better had the company hired could an editor to go over the material before it was printed. (A) organize (C) have organized

(A) have been elimination (B) had been eliminated (C) have been eliminated (D) have been eliminating

(A) been informed (C) informed

assistant during that time .

06 If insolvency laws do not change and

(A) have gone (C) went

09 The recurring problem of unheated rooms

(B) be informed (D) inform

11 Had the director been out of the country, his

(B) would be (D) be

05 The reductions in the budget will have serious

(A) will be executed (C) are executed

cannot be provided could not have been provided were not provided were not providing

that an important client was waiting , he would have asked him to wait in his office .

productive, it is likely that our output greater.

implications if the projects quarter.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

10 Had the president

(B) need (D) can

04 If all members of our staff were consistently

(A) have been (C) been

such as weight machines and separate saunas for men and women

would if the owner had responded to the tenants' initial complaints .

(B) knew (D) known

03 The company

(A) would (C) must

08 Without the health clubs in the city, amenities

(B) be organized (D) have been organized

(A) had taken (C) were taking

charge of ongoing projects (B) could have taken (D) will have taken

12 If the plans

made sooner, Gilbert & Sons would be conducting the feasibility study for the Safeway Water Project by now. (A) were being (C) had been

(B) was being (D) have been

13 If the error had not been reported immediately, the customer his order until after the Christmas season had ended. (A) (B) (C) (D)

would not have received would not receive did not receive would not be received

14 Had their systems been protected with a reliable anti-virus program , subscribers problems with their computers now. (A) will have (C) would have


no

(B) have (D) had

www.nhantriviet.com

15 If it had not been for a tip from my stockbroker, I doomed stocks. (A) was lost (C) would lose

16

thousands of dollars in (B) have lost (D) would have lost

the machine parts arrived promptly, we would have been able to finish assembling the machine in time for its first run . (A) Have (C) Should

(B) Had (D) Were

presentation , it the proposal. (A) would be (C) had been

that except for the euro, currencies around the world will continue to devalue.

(B) has been (D) would have been

terialized continued efforts from our ever dedicated and thorough research team. (B) as to (D) if it had not been for

20 Had estimated figures been more accurate,

•

a better financial strategists would plan to tackle the budget deficit. (A) create (C) have created

(B) predict (D) predicting

much easier to sell

19 The original documents would not have ma-

(A) so as (C) in that

17 A world-renowned economist

(A) is predicted (C) predicts

18 If preparations had been made for the

(B) be creating (D) had been created

Part 6 Questions 21-23 refer to the following letter. .....

Dear Mr. Elwood ,

0

m

n

This is in regard to your question about utility payments. A Direct Transfer system will automatically you make a utility payment using subtract payments for utility bills from your bank account.

21 (A) Did (C) Should

(B) Would (D) Have

this system , the amount withdrawn to pay for the bill will be listed on your bank statement for the next month. This service is provided free for all employees of Kirkwood Manufacturers. However, if you wish to cancel it, you will need to submit an official request. The request form is available at your company's an administrative supervisor and mailed in to us. administrative office. It must be signed

22 (A) by (C) at

(B) to (D) for

If you have other questions, please call a customer service at (925) 555-3429. Representatives are available from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. , you may contact us by e-mail at 23 (A) Accordingly (C) Technically

(B) Alternatively (D) Originally

[email protected] . Answers: p. 547

"' '""'a. :::0 <0

106

www.nhantriviet.com

Section 3 Verbals Chapter 09 -To-infinitives Chapter 10 - Gerunds Chapter 11 - Participles

Basic Points Verbals are words formed from a verb, functioning as different parts of speech . They are sometimes called non-finite verbs. Verbals include toinfinitives , gerunds, and participles.

A to-infinitive is a verbal functioning as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb in a sentence. I I I I

to like apples. (X) like to travel abroad . (0) want something to eat. (0) work to make money. (0)

As you can see, to like in the first example cannot function as a main verb; to travel functions as a noun because it is the object of the verb like; to eat functions as an adjective modifying the object something ; and to make functions as an adverb modifying the verb work.

Like a verb , a to-infinitive can be followed by its object or a complement , or modified by an adverb. I want to learn magic. I want to be a magician. I need to exercise regularly . To learn has the object magic; to be is completed by the complement a magician ; and to exercise is modified by the adverb regularly .


www.nhantriviet.com

01 0

Forms of To-infinitives and Their Subjects

A to-infinitive is formed by to+ bare infinitive. Use this telephone line to eoffiffiUAieation with the main office . for eoffiffiUAieate to communicate ~ Only to + bare infinitive is the correct form .

@ The passive form of a to-infinitive is to be+ p.p. Its progressive form is to be + V-ing. Its perfect

form is to have + p.p. I really didn't like to be told what to do. ~ The person does not want other people to tell him/her what to do. Hence, the passive form to be told is used . I observed that the students appeared to be cheating during long exams.

~ The progressive tense can be used to imply a complaint. Hence, the progressive form to be cheating is

•

used . It is nice to have finished the work. ~ The person has finished the work before expressing his/her opinion about it. Hence, the perfect form to have finished is used . Note: The passive form of to-Infinitives after such verbs as need, deserve, and require may be replaced by V-ing. Your hair needs to be cut.= Your ha1r needs~· . . '

8

The structure for + noun I object pronoun is used to mention the performer or the subject of to-infinitives.

n

."'"'

c..

In order for us to do a good job, we must have more time. The subject of the to-infinitive is we , which is changed into the object pronoun us when placed after the preposition for.

10Etc

.

c•


1. Mr. Cummings, who is leading the new project, would like all the team members to come together brainstorm ideas about marketing strategies. (A) for (C) as

(B) to (D) with

. ··

••

2. Now that the new branch has opened, the company can use th is opportunity to business in Latin America. (A) expand (C) expanded

(B) expand ing (D) have expanded

3. The landlord will shut off the heating system in the entire building determine why some floors are not being properly heated. (A) as if (C) in order to

(B) such that (D) in spite of Answers: p. 547

Hackers Skill

0

m

His parents' goal was for Rob to become a doctor. ~ The subject of the to-infinitive is Rob .

~

...

to + noun or for+ bare infinitive cannot replace the correct form to + bare infinitive.

::> <0

02

Functions of To-infinitives

0 To-infinitives can function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. • Just like nouns, to-infinitives can come in the position of a subject, an object, or a complement. Subject Object Subject complement Object complement

To observe is one way of learning new things . You need to call a service technician. The goal of the meeting is to reach a decision . Janice helped Craig to write the report.

• Just like adjectives, to-infinitives can modify nouns . Modifying a noun He has a letter ~• Just like adverbs, to-infinitives can modify verbs by showing purposes, reasons, results, etc . Purpose Reason Result ~ The

I am writing to inquire whether more funds are available. I am pleased to grant Betty a promotion to vice president. He called the center only to find out the tickets had sold out.

underlined parts are the focus of the to-infinitives. These parts are frequently tested in TOE IC.

@ Verbs cannot come in the position of a to-infinitive. You prom ised lool( over my report! to look over ~ This sentence already has a main verb (promised), so there cannot be another verb but a to-infinitive (to look over) coming in the position of the object. The memo indicated a need for the factory enhance its efficiency. to enhance ~ This sentence already has a main verb (indicated), so there cannot be another verb but a to-infinitive (to enhance) that functions as an adjective modifying the noun need .


1. The firm temporarily closed one of its branch offices

operating expenses.

(A) will reduce (C) reduced

(B) reduces (D) to reduce

2.

The purpose of the program is museum staff with the know-how and feedback to set priorities and identify areas for change. (A) provide (C) provision

(B) provided (D) to provide

3. The Dogwood Company is pleased that you can now purchase seeds and all your gardening needs directly from their website. (A) to announce (C) announced

(B) announcement (D) be announcing Answers: p. 547


www.nhantriviet.com

03 0

Verbs/Nouns/Adjectives Followed by a To-infinitive

Verbs followed by a to-infinitive Verb+ object (to-infinitive) Cl

want to plan to promise to afford to

need to aim to agree to manage to

wish to decide to refuse to prefer to

hope to propose to fail to

desire to offer to serve to

expect to ask to pretend to

want + object + to need + object + to encourage +object+ to persuade +object+ to force + object + to compel + object + to permit + object + to enable + object + to advise + object + to

expect+ object+ to convince + object+ to get + object + to forbid + object + to

invite +object+ to cause+ object+ to tell + object + to remind + object + to

appear to

Management wants to reorganize the marketing division. Their commitment to quality enabled the company to win the contract. How well this plan will work remains to be seen.

8

Nouns followed by a to-infinitive ability to decision to readiness to

authority to effort to right to

)>

"'

ask+ object+ to require+ object+ to allow + object + to warn + object + to

Verb+ complement (to-infinitive) seem to

s:: s::

----------------~--~------------------~

Verb + object+ complement (to-infinitive)

remain to

"'

)>

capacity to need to time to

chance to opportunity to way to

claim to plan to wish to

• • -<

Chefs should have the ability to create different dishes.

0

m

n

.,"'"'

@) Adjectives followed by a to-infinitive be able to be eager to be easy to

be ready to be anxious to be difficult to

a.

be willing to be pleased to be good to

::>

be likely to

<0

be delighted to be dangerous to

Jody should be able to work well with the new employee.


1.

Having failed a consensus, the manager asked that the decision be postponed. (A) creating (C) to creating

(B) created (D) to create

the names on this 2. Please take time invitation list and feel free to add anyone whom we might have missed. (A) review (C) to review

(B) be reviewed (D) reviewing

3. The CEO believes that the staff will be able on the Albers Project once the staff evaluations are completed. (A) concentrate (C) to concentration

(B) concentrating (D) to concentrate Answers: p. 547

04

Bare Infinitives as Object Complements

In the following structures , bare infinitives are used in place of to-infinitives and come in the position of an object complement.

0 Causative verb (make/let/have) + object+ bare infinitive Mrs. Banks let us ~take the day off. is omitted in the structure let somebody do something.

~ To

8 help ( + object) + bare infinitive/to-infinitive Vince helped Carol (to) complete the assignment. Company retreats help (to) strengthen employee relationships. ~ Both a bare infinitive and a to-infinitive can come in the position of the object complement or the object of the verb help.

@) Perception verb (hear/see/watch/notice) + object+ bare infinitive/present participle I saw her cross the road. I saw her crossing the road. ~ Both a bare infinitive and a present participle can follow the object of perception verbs , but the present participle is used to emphasize that the action is in progress. Note: When the object of a percept1on verb has a pass1ve meaning, it is followed by a past part1c1ple, not a bare 1nf1nit1ve. I heard my name repeat (- repeated). ~

'

.>

... f.-'2.

'

'"


1. The training program offered by the company can help

your future work options.

(A) broad (C) broader

(B) broaden (D) broadly

2. The general manager will have his assistant the proceedings of the meeting and prepare a report for senior management. (A) transcribe (C) be transcribing

(B) to be transcribed (D) transcribed

3. Employees who want to do volunteer work sponsored by the company are to let their supervisors before the end of the week. (A) know (C) known

(B) to know (D) knowing Answers: p. 547


www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE

••••• • ••••


Cl

l> "' :;::

:;::

01 The CEO will be happy (win/to win) a vote of confidence from the board.

l>

"'

02 It is possible to (custom/customize) this program if it does not suit you . 03 The ability (type/to type) quickly and accurately is a valuable skill.

04 Darren let problems in his personal life (to influence/influence) his performance at work. 05 Your presence at the administrative office is required for the wage claim (proceed/to proceed) .

06 Sonia arranged to have the package (deliver I delivered) to the office overnight.

•

07 Your suggestion will enable us (improving/to improve) the quality of our products.

:I:

,.,"'

7<"


"' ~

..... 0

m

n

"' "'"'c..

08 The employee had no right signing for the shipment brought to the office Saturday.

:::J

""

09 The accountants want to be warned when the IRS is coming to visit. 10 The head office must send the approval slip for Mr. Reynolds start working with us. 11 The manager will have a study do by the research department. 12 If you want to keep your job, you'd better be willing put in more effort.

13 If you don't have time today, get the assistant to bring the files over to management. 14 There are different ways attract business to areas where unemployment is high .

Answers: p. 547

HA CKERS

T EST


Part 5 01 Mr. Coulter designated a room for archive

08 Customer complaints show that there may be

storage in order the loss or damage of important documents.

a need for Net Manage the present quality assurance and monitoring systems.

(A) to curtail (C) curtailed

(A) enhance (C) enhancing

(B) to be curtailed (D) curtailment

02 Customers who need

lengthy documents over the Internet should have their network connection configured to optimize large data transfers. (A) receive (C) receiving

(B) to receive (D) reception

(B) to enhance (D) to enhancing

09 The building owner has a policy of letting lessees to unoccupied units if they are dissatisfied with their present unit. (A) to move (C) move

(B) be moving (D) to be moved

10 As a still-life photographer, Mr. Bryant aims to

03 It was important

the presentation before giving it to the over two hundred business school graduates in the audience. (A) rehearse (C) to rehearse

(B) rehearsal (D) rehearsed

a particular mood when he snaps the shutter. (A) capture (C) capturing

(B) captured (D) have captured

11 We called the mall 04 The problem is that nobody in the office has the authority make a decision regarding her employment status. (A) for (C) to

(B) with (D) as

out copies of the agenda to each of the members of the Board of Directors. (B) mail (D) to mail

06 Some customers prefer

a m1n1mum balance in their checking accounts rather than pay monthly fees. (A) to maintain (C) maintained

(B) is maintaining (D) maintain

07 How the public will react to the soft drink's new formula remains (A) to be

(C) have been

(A) findi ng (C) to find

(B) for finding (D) find

12 The candidate promised to

05 Mr. Rosenberg had his secretary

(A) is mailing (C) mailed

out whether the

products were sold out.

seen . (B) being (D) been

prescription drug prices by as much as 30 percent if voted into office. (A) low (C) lowering

(B) lower (D) having lowered

13 It is necessary

all factory employees to sign out the tools they use and return them at the end of the workday. (A) for (C) because

(B) further (D) these

14 If a client is not utterly satisfied with an ad campaign, we will return to the drawing board again . (A) starting (C) to start

(B) for starting (D) start

........ .. ................... + ... :.,; ..... ... ,..,... .........

15 Three people from the research department

18 For further help

have been asked to investigate ways non-taxable imported goods into the country.

the program, please refer to the instructions on our website or e-mail us with your specific question.

(A) bring (C) to bring

(A) install (C) installed

(B) of bring (D) bringing

16 With the prices of natural gas and other

(B) to install (D) be installed

writer to the project beneficiaries in order to determine their real needs .

(A) conserve (C) to conserve

(A) talk (C) talked

17 All the employees are ready

the new

project. (A) implementing (C) implement

(B) to implement (D) implemented

)>

:;:: )>

"'

19 The projects committee advised the proposal

energy sources increasing, utility companies are now encouraging people energy. (B) conserved (D) for conserving

Cl

"' :;::

(B) talking (D) to talk

20 Several new waiters and salespeople were hired the influx of customers during the long holiday season . (A) to handle (C) to be handling

•

(B) handling (D) to be handled

Part 6 Questions 21-23 refer to the following letter. Edward Mitchell .....

1505 Main Street Fairfax, VA 20151

0

m

n

"'"' '"c..

Dear Mr. Mitchell ,

:::0

I am pleased

your application for full-time employment as a marketing manager for the (B) confirming (C) be confirmed (D) to confirm

21 (A) confirm

Bloom & Bloom Accounting Group was accepted . We are that your knowledge , skills and 22 (A) confide (B) confident (C) to confide (D) confidence experience wil l be valuable to our firm . You will report directly to Mr. Sanders , who will instruct you of your specific responsibi lities during your probation period . If you have any questions regarding . Otherwise, please sign every page of the enclosed contract our offer, please contact us 23 (A) similarly (B) favorably (C) immediately (D) basically and return it to us by business-reply envelope on or before January 20. Thank you , and we look forward to seeing you at the orientation on January 23 at 9:00 a.m . Sincerely yours , Melissa Hayes Human Resources Department Answers: p. 547

w

. i

Basic Points A gerund is formed by adding the suffix -ing to a bare infinitive. However, not all words ending in -ing are gerunds. A gerund can be used as a noun in a sentence. She cleaning the house every day. (X) I hate clean ing . (0) The gerund cleaning cannot come in the position of a main verb, but it is a noun coming in the position of the object.

A gerund is a verbal, so it can be followed by its object or a complement , or modified by an adverb. I like playing baseball. Becoming a doctor is not easy. Eating slowly is a good habit. As you can see, playing has the object baseball ; becoming stands before the complement a doctor; and eating is modified by the adverb slowly.


www.nhantriviet.com

01 0

Functions, Forms of Gerunds and Their Subjects

Grammatically, gerunds can function as a noun coming in the position of a subject, an object, or a complement. Subject Object of a verb Object of a preposition Complement ~ The

8

Providing a loan will allow the bank to collect interest. Stan enjoys ~ golf. The director aims at reducing corporate debt. John's hobby is listening to music.

underlined parts are the focus of the gerunds. These parts are often tested in TOEIC .

Verbs cannot come in the position of a gerund. Sarah is thinking about btty a car. buying ~ The verb buy cannot come in the position of the object of the preposition about.

@) The passive form of a gerund is being + p.p. Its perfect form is having + p.p. Karen loves being looked at in her new dress. loves people to look at her in her new dress. Hence, the passive form of the gerund is used (being looked) .

~ Karen

He denied having lied. ~ The act of lying happened before the act of denying . Hence, the perfect form of the gerund is used (having lied).

e

In case the subject/performer of a gerund is mentioned, a possessive case of a noun or a pronoun is put in front of this gerund.

(A) Give (C) Giving

(B) Gives (D) Given

"""' ::>

His going with us is out of the question. subject of the gerund going is His.

regular donations to local charities from business profits is not only personally rewarding , but is good for developing a reputation.

n

""

~ The

1.

....0

m

"'a.

I don't mind John's going with us. ~ The subject of the gerund going is John's.


•• •

2. Department heads distributed a memo reminding employees to refrain from their cell phones during company meetings. (A) to use (C) uses

3.

(B) using (D) use

The chef obtains interesting and different results with this dish by the ingredients he uses in the recipe. (A) vary (C) varied

(B) varying (D) varies Answers: p. 547

02 0

Verbs Followed by a Gerund

Below are some verbs followed by a gerund as their object. enjoy V-ing suggest V-ing finish V-ing give up V-ing dislike V-ing

avoid V-ing recommend V-ing quit V-ing postpone V-ing deny V-ing

consider V-ing discontinue V-ing mind V-ing

Russ will consider to work for a new company. working ~ The verb consider must be followed by a gerund (working). not a to-infinitive .

@ Some verbs take either a gerund or a to-infinitive as their object. • There are some verbs followed by either a gerund or a to-infinitive ; however, the meanings are unchanged . Jane has just begun learned to drive. learning/to learn ~ The verb begin may be followed by a gerund or a to-infinitive, and there is no difference in meaning . Other verbs include like, love, prefer, hate, start, intend, attempt, continue , etc. • Some verbs are followed by either a gerund or a to-infinitive and the meanings change . I remembered canceling that order. I remembered to cancel that order. I forgot turning off the light. I forgot to turn off the light. ~

For the verbs remember, forget, regret , there are differences in meaning between gerunds and to-infinitives coming in the position of their objects. Gerunds are used to express actions which happened in the past and to-i nfinitives are used to express purposes or actions in the future .

Note: Other verbs such as advise, allow, permit, forbid are followed by a gerund or object+ to-infinitive. The hospital does not permit smoking in the building. The hospital does not permit people to smoke in the building. C

•

•

•

,_ •"

•

I

J

,


1. The small appliance manufacturer has recently begun electronics industry.

into the consumer

(A) expand (C) expanding

(B) expanded (D) has expanded

•

2.

It would be wise of you to consider with your firm, as the job market is tough right now. (A) renegotiate (C) to renegotiate

(B) renegotiated (D) renegotiating

3. Do not forget

the application form before submitting it to Ms. Radowick at the front desk. (A) sign ing (C) to sign

(B) sign (D) signed Answers: p. 547


www.nhantriviet.com

03 0

Gerunds vs. Nouns

A gerund can be followed by an object, but a noun cannot. The chain was successful in establishment a new store. establishing ~ The noun establishment cannot take an object. Here, the gerund establishing must be used .

Cl :00 )>

;::: ;::: )> :00

@ There is no indefinite article before a gerund while there may be an indefinite article before a singular count noun. The bank has experienced ~

~

marked increasing in deposits in recent weeks. increase A gerund cannot follow an indefinite article; thus , the noun increase must be used .

@) Sometimes there are differences in meaning between a gerund and a similar noun. advertising - advertisement housing - house meaning - means spending - spend

covering - coverage mailing - mail processing - process staffing - staff

funding - fund marketing - market seating - seat ticketing - ticket

For proper process, submit all documents completely and accurately. processing ~ The noun process means a series of actions to achieve a result. The gerund processing means dealing with/managing. Based on the meaning of the sentence, the gerund processing must be used . After the phone lines went down, the company decided to seek out other meaning of communication with clients. means ~ The noun means is equivalent to a method/way of doing something while the gerund meaning means expressing/describing. Hence, the noun means must be used .


1. By

paperwork, the Stamford Company is able to more efficiently accomplish routine tasks. (A) reduce (C) reducing

(B) reduced (D) reduction

2. The frozen dinner company is utilizing consumer on nutrition to formulate wholesome menus for its products. (A) research (C) researching

(B) to research (D) researched

3. The team met for three hours to discuss strategies for the midmarket needs of small to medium-sized businesses. (A) address (C) addressing

(B) to address (D) addressed Answers: p. 547

•• •• -i

0

m

n :00

"'"'a. :0 <0

04 0

Common Expressions with Gerunds

Below are some common expressions with gerunds. be busy (in) V-ing be worth V-ing keep (on) V-ing feel like V-ing cannot help V-ing

go V-ing on V-ing It's no use V-ing spend + time / money + V-ing have difficulty / trouble / a problem (in) V-ing We will be busy editing this article. The company will have trouble carrying out its plans.

8

The preposition to

+ gerund be be be be

contribute to V-i ng look forward to V-ing object to V-i ng lead to V-ing

committed to V-ing dedicated to V-ing devoted to V-ing used to V-ing

I look forward to your joining the company. The company is committed to providing the best possible service. Note: Pay attention to the verb form following the preposition to jo1ned by a coordinating conjunction. We are looking forward to touring the area and to see (- to seemg) the sights . .;, The conjunction and JOins the two equivalent parts in the sentence; t1ence, to seeing must be used to be equivalent to to touring. •-

~~~

-._..,

.~~,

:¥:._.-:~~

....

•

--

Decide which of the choices- (A), (B), (C) , or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1. Mr. Gray looks forward to

out more about investment opportunities with your growing company . (A) find (C) have found

(B) finding (D) be found

I

2.

The overseas branches have had many difficulties in the main branch's system to their local operations. (A) adapt (C) adapted

(B) adapts (D) adapting

3. Although the employees are satisfied with the training program , they object to to travel an hour each way to get to the training center and back. (A) have (C) had

(B) has (D) having Answers: p. 547


www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE

• •• •• •••


01 Daniel is used to (work/working) under deadlines and in high-pressure situations. 02 Ian forgot (to give/ giving) sufficient notice about his resignation to his employers. 03 Be careful to use appropriate (word/wording) when writing up the contract. 04 Sheila decided to keep (working/to work) through most of her pregnancy. 05 Studies have shown that a positive environment can significantly improve worker {effectiveness/ effecting) .

06 The project contributed to (raise/raising) environmental awareness.

07 Shoppers cannot help (to wonder/wondering) why the prices at the department store are so high .


08 Paul's job is take care of a request from his supervisor. 09 I would like you to prepare for your first day by reviewing company policies.

10 Many people cannot afford the cost of obtain medical care without health insurance. 11 It would be best to avoid to talk on the phone during work hours. 12 While he's an expert in buying stocks, he's not good at know when to sell. 13 I would prefer to have my salary wired to my account directly each month . 14 Her impressive volunteering record proves that Jessica is dedicated to help others in need.

Answers: p. 547

•• •

T EST

0

Time limit: 11 minutes

Part 5 01 Age-related changes can contribute to one's having problems

08 The cosmetics division is considering

soundly.

(A) sleep (C) slept

a product line for men , which will probably include facial creams and concealers .

(B) sleeps (D) sleeping

(A) introduce (C) to introduce

(B) introducing (D) introduced

02 The government's report found that CIZMO Group had failed to take the necessary steps in the building's cash vault. (A) secured (C) securing

09 The managers involved with the negotiations are pleased with the progress of the talks and believe that they will reach a mutually beneficial

(B) was secured (D) has secu red

(A) to conclude (C) concluding

03 Despite

more employees for the factory, the production manager still believes the facility is understaffed. (A) hired (C) having hired

10 The recent cuts in budget appropriations were aimed at deficit.

(B) have hired (D) were hired

(A) reduce (C) reducing

04 Because demand for sharp-toed boots has been decreasing , Martinique Shoemakers has decided to discontinue this particular style. (A) made (C) make

(B) concluded (D) conclusion

the company's year-end (B) reduced (D) reduction

11 Shopping websites can continue to shoppers by ensuring product quality, offering low prices, and being user-friendly.

(B) making (D) to make

(A) attractive (C) attracting

(B) attract (D) attraction

05 The department is committed to customers with a satisfactory resolution to their complaints. (A) provision (C) provides

12 Rather than go

at the local supermarkets, residents of the town are urged to buy produce straight from the farms .

(B) providing (D) provided

(A) to shop (C) for shopping

(B) shopping (D) to shopping

06 Please indicate your desire to renew your membership with our club within ten days of this notice . (A) received (C) receive

(B) receipt (D) receiving

13

your business card to individuals you meet will allow you to advertise your business in an inexpensive and effective way . (A) Hand (C) Handed

(B) Hands (D) Handing

07 The factory supervisor

equipment and machinery through a second-hand dealer who sells slightly used items at bargain prices. (A) to purchase (C) purchasing


(B) purchase (D) purchases

14 I am calling to get some information on the 1S1h International Symposium on Mobile Radio Communications in September. (A) to attend (C) attended

(B) attending (D) attendance

www.nhantriviet.com

15 A demonstration of the most recent PDA

with potential clients during the open house days held once a month.

(A) take (C) be taking

(A) talk (C) talking

(B) be taken (D) have taken

16 By May, the weather should become warm

17

18 The promotion advisor, Mr. Dorsey, enjoys

model will place in the conference room on the third floor before it goes on sale.

(B) talked (D) to talk

19 City developers will begin

in the cellar or enough to permit basement for longer periods of time.

the parking lot into a luxury shopping center after the summer ends.

(A) stay (C) staying

(A) convert (C) to converting

(B) to stay (D) stayed

the difficult bar exam, he spent most of his waking moments reading reference materials at the library. (A) For passing (C) By passing

(B) To pass (D) On passing

(B) converting (D) converted

20 In

an atmosphere conducive to studying, the library has painted the walls a color that is easy on the eyes of the students. (A) establish (C) established

•

(B) establishing (D) establishment

Part 6 Questions 21-23 refer to the following e-mail. Date: February 10 From: [email protected] To: [email protected] Subject: News on Thai branch

-< 0

m

n

.

"' "'a. ::>

I have just arrived at headquarters fol lowing my visit to our new office in Thailand. The branch has conducted training for management and staff, focusing on new customer service and project implementation. However, the office

communication problems between its foreign staff and local managers . (B) will experience (C) experienced (D) is experiencing

21 (A) had experienced

The problem does not involve language; rather, it has to do with cultural differences in work style. I recommend our training program to include sessions that would make employee relocation 22 (A) upgrade (B) upgrading (C) to upgrade (D) upgraded run more smoothly. These sessions would to improving relations between local and 23 (A) prohibit (B) contribute (C) develop (D) increase international employees. I have attached a report with further information and would like to know your thoughts regarding the Thai office when you have time. Answers: p. 548

Basic Points A participle is a verbal , sharing in part the characteristics of both a verb and an adjective. However, it only functions as an adjective in a sentence. There are present participles (verb + -ing) and past participles (verb + -ed and irregular past participles). I broken heart. (X) The man was dying of a broken heart. (0) They removed all the marble blocks broken into several pieces. (O) The participle broken can not function as a verb. It modifies the noun heart or the noun phrase the marble blocks. So it functions as an adjective.

A participle shares the characteristics of a verb. Therefore, there may be an object or a complement after a participle, or a participle may be modified by an adverb. There were a lot of people enjoying the nice weather. The car repaired yesterday is working well. The present participle enjoying has the object the nice weather, and the past participle repaired is modified by the adverb yesterday . However, when a participle is used to modify a noun, there must be no object, complement, or adverb between them. The repaired yesterday car is working well. (X)

124 - Hackers TOEIC Readinq

www nh;mtriviPt rnm

01 0

Functions of Participles

Participles can function as an adjective. • Just like an adjective, a participle can modify its preceding or following noun . Modifying a following noun Modifying a preceding noun

As a result of increasing demand, we are in a position to raise prices. The staff members (who were) expected to attend didn't turn up.

~ The underlined parts are the focus of the participles . These parts are often tested in TOEIC .

<

~ r::r 'iii

• Just like an adjective, a participle can come in the position of a subject complement or an object

"'

complement. Subject complement Object complement

The task seems challenging . Mr. Dover keeps his partners motivated.

N~te: There are some special cases where a parttciple must follow the noun it modtfies, for example people questioned, people interviewed, people concerned . The ~ gave very dtfferent opinions. '

8

l

Verbs cannot come in the position of a participle.

•

She could have been a +earl actress. leading ~ The verb lead cannot modify the noun actress. Hence, the participle leading functioning as an adjective must be used . The candidate htre last week turned down the position. hired ~ The verb hire cannot modify the noun candidate. Hence, the participle hired functioning as an adjective must be used .

..... 0

m

n

"' 01 "'a. "

<0

Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or {D) - best completes the sentence.

1. Because flu is a

public concern, pharmaceutical companies have been marketing a variety of medications. (A) grow (C) growth

(B) grew (D) growing

2. Photo-Ops is a bimonthly publication by an organization of amateur photographers devoted to their avocation. {A) distributes (C) are distributed

(B) distributed (D) will distribute

3. The resort keeps its patrons

by offering numerous services that ensure their comfort and well-being.

(A) satisfy (C) satisfied

(B) satisfies (D) satisfaction Answers:

www.nhantriviPt C"om

p. 548

02 0

Participial Phrases

Participial phrases can function as adverb clauses of time, reason, condition, entailment, etc. Time

Having failed the job interview, I returned to university. = After I had failed the job interview

Reason Condition

Feeling confident, Susan asked for a raise. = Because she felt confident Marketed cleverly, the game will be very popu lar. = If it is marketed cleverly

Entailment The supermarket added a foreign foods section , including items from Southeast Asia. = and it included items from Southeast Asia ~ The

underlined parts are the focus of the participial phrases. These parts are often tested in TOEIC.

Note: A conjunction of an adverb clause may be added to make the meaning of a participial phrase clear. Before Signing the contract, make sure that you understand it fully. . You may enter the bank vault when accompan1ed by security personnel.

·

.:. •••. .3..J-~;,-.\rldi:·li.W~~~.~~~~

8

Verbs and nouns cannot come in the position of participles in participial phrases. Surprise by the sudden drop in the value of the stock, the investor immediately sold his shares. Surprised ~ The verb Surprise can not come in the position of the participle Surprised . When application for a transfer, explain your situation fully. - - applying ~ The

noun application cannot come after the conjunction when . Hence, the partici ple applying must be used .

8

To express events that happen simultaneously, the structure with+ object+ participle is used. Mrs. Sedrick walked by with papers falling out of her briefcase.


1.

completed the initial write-up of the study, the researcher submitted the draft to her supervisor for feedback. (A) Had (C) Have

(B) Having (D) Has

2. Once

, both corporations will examine what alternatives are available for the affiliates they separately own. (A) merged (C) are merged

(B) merge (D) have merged

3. After carefully

the holes in security, experts agreed that passwords should be changed once a month. (A) review (C) reviewing

(B) reviews (D) are reviewed Answers: p. 548


www.nhantriviet.com

03 0

Present Participles vs. Past Participles

Present participles are used when they have an active relation with the nouns they modify. In contrast, past participles are used if the relation is passive. We have seen a proposal recommending us to change company regulations. ~ Because the relation between the participle and the noun a proposal is active, we use the present participle recommending, which means a proposal that recommends us.

Cl

"' )>

;:: ;:: )>

"'

The discount offer is not valid on tickets purchased on the Internet. ~ Because the relation between the participle and the noun tickets is passive, we use the past participle purchased, which means tickets that are purchased.

@ When a participle comes in the position of a subject complement or an object complement, a present participle is used if the relation between the subject or object and the participle is active, and a past participle is used if the relation is passive. The game became exciting. relation between the subject The game and its complement is active, so the present participle exciting is used . Exciting here is also called the present participial adjective, which is used to describe the people or things that cause a certain feeling to somebody.

~ The

I

The writer made the executive summary polished. ~ This sentence can be understood as The executive summary was polished by the writer. The relation between the object the executive summary and its complement is passive. Hence, the past participle polished is used.

@) To combine two clauses having the same subject, use a present participial phrase when the

subject and the participle have an active relation, and use a past participial phrase when the relation is passive.

_, 0

m

You must read the terms of the contract carefully before signing the agreement. ~ The subject You does the act of signing, so it and the participle have an active relation . Thus, the present participle signing is used . Enclosed within the office compound, the restaurant is frequented by employees. subject the restaurant cannot enclose the office compound, so it and the participle have a passive relation . Thus , the past participle enclosed is used .

~ The


2. Mr. Sanders has decided to take on the position at Barker Technologies because the work seems

1. The receipts attached to the travel report indicate the total amount to the overseas branch. (A) pay (C) paid

(B) pays (D) paying

(A) interest (C) interesting

for the trip

3.

(B) interests (D) interested

in the downtown area, the information center for expatriates provides various types of assistance and serves as a meeting place for young adults. (A) Locating (C) Locate

(B) Located (D) Location Answers: p. 548

n

.

"' "'a. "'"

04 0

Confusing Expressions

Present participle

+

noun

during his opening remarks maintenance of existing equipment my missing luggage leave a lasting impression on the school system a leading commercial company The presiding officer will emcee the seminar. the most promising member of the team improving techniques ct. improved techniques The interviewer met with the promised candidate to ask him about his long-term goals. promising ~ The present participle promising means potential.

8

Past participle

+

noun

the preferred means of transportation the proposed plan of rebuilding a(n) qualified I skilled I experienced programmer a designated parking area request a reserved parking space view the detailed product information without written consent in limited warranty limited items newly purchased computer hardware heavy demand for customized products an increase in the price of finished products the superior quality of the handcrafted pieces repeated dismissal from the firm explain in the attached document responsible for the damaged items The trainer asked his experiencing assistant to help the participants. experienced ~The past participle experienced means trained/ skilled/qualified. •....

Decide which of the choices- (A), (B), (C), or (D)best completes the sentence. 1. For over three hundred years, cork has been the means to cap wine bottles, but manufacturers are now looking into metal screw caps. (A) preferred (C) preference

(B) preferring (D) preferably

~

2. The new company regulation states that tardiness will be grounds for suspension from work without pay. (A) repeating (C) repeated

(B) repeats (D) repeatedly

3. The small shop recently won an award for the originality and outstanding quality of its pieces. (A) handcraft (C) handcrafted

(B) handcrafts (D) handcrafting Answers: p. 548


www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE • • • • • • • • • • • • •


Cl )> "' ;::

;::

01 When (reserved/reserving) banquet space at this hotel, you must pay a deposit.

)>

"'

02 We must make a (lasting/lasted) impression on our clients to maintain long-term relations with them .

03 Please have this signed and stamped by the date (writing/written) on this form. 04 Mr. Donaldson received an invitation (welcoming/welcomed) him to the wedding reception.

05 Rain poured relentlessly , (dampened/dampening) the company picnic. 06 Applicants (interesting I interested) in the early decision program should apply by September 1.

•

07 This is just a reminder to keep your doors (locked/locking) at night for safety.

Decide whether each of the sentences below is correct or incorrect. If it is correct, write -<

"correct"; if it is incorrect, point out the mistake(s) and provide (a) correction(s).

,...,

"' "'""c..

08 We decided to try a restaurant served raw seafood and other dishes.

"'"'

09 The proposed plan was acceptable to all members of the committee. 10 Felt lucky, Charles decided to ask his boss for a raise . 11 The bank will send the depositor an update statement of transactions. 12 Every day after eating lunch, Kate takes a short walk around the block.

13 Please include payment in the reply envelope providing in your catalogue . 14 We have searched everywhere for the missed reports, but they are yet to be found.

Answers: p. 548

www nh;mtriviPt rnm

0

m

HACKERS

T EST


Part 5 01 The hotel provides personal service and

concept, it usually takes Mr. Barnes a week to produce the product.

(A) be ensured (C) ensures

(A) finished (C) finish

(B) ensure (D) ensuring

02 An invoice will be generated and included with the order being you indicated on the form . (A) send (C) sending

03

08 From the moment he comes up with a

careful attention to detail, that you have a relaxing and comfortable stay.

to the address

(B) sent (D) sends

in 2010, the gallery continues to add new exhibition rooms . (A) Renovate (B) Renovated (C) Having renovated (D) Renovating

04 The editor spoke to his assistant about how to keep the writers interesting articles . (A) have inspiration (C) inspired

09 The corporation head , who

a large city orphanage, will establish a non-profit computer learning center for the underprivileged . (A) foundation (C) found

(B) founded (D) founding

10 The number of employees

to work at foreign branches in Asia and Europe will probably continue to increase. (A) agree (C) agreed

(B) agreeing (D) agreement

to write lively and

11 Even though the business trip was (B) be inspired (D) inspiring

05 Net Connect furnishes its clients with networking solutions, ranging from file and printer sharing to group calendar and scheduling . (A) customize (C) customized

(B) finishing (D) finishes

(B) customizes (D) customizing

a lot of headway was made with our future Swiss partner. (A) tire (C) tiring

(B) tired (D) tiredness

12 If the front door is locked , punch in your access code while down the green button on the door handle. (A) hold (C) held

(B) holds (D) holding

06 In his ten years at Sortel Networks, Mr. Gutierrez has shown that he performs admirably when with tight deadlines. (A) face (C) faces

(B) facing (D) faced

13 Facilities have been established to facilitate pick-ups and drop-offs for passengers the train and subway stations. (A) used (C) use

(B) using (D) will use

07 Readers find the young writer's first novel despite the fact that the initial reviews of the book were so dismal. (A) fascinate (C) fascinating


(B) fascination (D) fascinated

14 The symposium 's

event is the Peace Ball , where delegates can meet members of the community. (A) culminate (C) culminating

(B) culmination (D) culminated

www.nhantriviet.com

15 Misuse or neglect can result in the equipment damaged, requiring parts replacement or extensive repair. (A) was (C) having

(B) been (D) being

18 Employees are expected to use the newly reference materials to expand their knowledge of computer software and their applications. (A) purchased (C) purchases

"'"" )>

s: s: )>

""

(B) purchasing (D) purchase

16 Due to a significant change in the nation 's tax laws, we are likely to see investments by foreign individuals. (A) decrease (C) decreases

(B) to decrease (D) decreased

19 The stadium was packed with thousands of people waiting to see the two soccer teams (A) playing (C) to play

(B) played (D) are playing

17 Mr. Morris and I are excluding the section by Ms. Wood because her conclusion was based on outdated information. (A) be written (C) was written

(B) writing (D) written

20 The state government has decided to introduce a program targeting unemployed men and women to re-enter a highly competitive job market. (A) are trying (C) trying

•

(B) try (D) will try

Part 6

Questions 21-23 refer to the following letter. Alex Colby 705 Penndel Boulevard Mill s WY 82644

-< 0

m

n

"'"'"" c..

Dear Mr. Colby,

:>

""

Thank you for choosing Jaipur Travel Package Tours, your doorway into the fascinating country of India. The package you have selected is an eight-day, seven-night tour five Indian cities 21 (A) to cover (B) covered (C)cover (D)covering and several of the country's top tourist attractions. We will make all the necessary reservations for your tour. Your flight to New Delhi is scheduled to at 3:20 p.m . on May 31 . We ask that 22 (A) keep (B) depart (C) reach (D) postpone you

our office in Evanston at least one week before your flight so that you can finish any 23 (A) visited (B) visit (C) will visit · (D) to visit

remaining paperwork before we finalize the reservations and timetable. Thank you and I look forward to meeting with you . Sincerely yours , Marilou Eaglin Travel Representative Jaipur TPT Answers: p. 548

132

www.nhantriviet.com

Section 4 Parts of Speech Chapter 12 - Nouns Chapter 13 - Pronouns Chapter 14 - Adjectives Chapter 15 - Adverbs Chapter 16 - Prepositions

Basic Points

A noun is a word used to name a person, place, thing, or an idea. teacher

cat

coffee

rain

math

dream

Korea

Nouns are divided into count nouns and non-count nouns. Count nouns include: • Common nouns (referring to a person or thing in a general sense) manager, typist, ticket, letter, etc. • Collective nouns (naming a group of people or things) family, people , team , committee , etc. Non-count nouns include: • Proper nouns • Abstract nouns • Mass nouns

Seoul, Hong Kong, Tom, Christmas, etc. love, anger, peace, loyalty, faith , information, education , etc. paper, water, wood, glass, oil , etc.

Nouns are usually accompanied by determiners (articles , quantifiers, possessive I demonstrative adjectives).

CD Article We need a car for several weeks . I decided to sell the car. In the first sentence, the indefinite article a is used before the noun car because it is singular and unidentified. In the second sentence, the definite article the is used before the noun car because both the speaker and the listener have known which car it is. Generally, the indefinite article a / an is used before an unidentified singular noun, and the definite article the is used before an identified noun.

(?) Quantifier Some cars on the list are not available in Korea. @ Possessive I Demonstrative adjective Mike parked his car two blocks from the bank.

I bought this car last year.



01 0

Positions of Nouns

In a sentence, nouns can come in the position of the subject, object, or complement. Subject Object of a verb Object of a preposition Complement

Cl )> "' :;::

Customer satisfaction must be considered. The library will be accepting donations of used textbooks . Suncorp moved to its new office last year. Having a strong corporate culture is an advantage for the company. It was a great disappointment that an agreement was not reached .

:;:: )>

"'

Note: Nouns can also come 1n the position of the object of verbals. They are trying to increase employee productivity. --"-1------

8

Nouns are usually found after an article, an adjective/a participle, a possessive adjective/ case, a preposition, or another noun . Article + noun Adjective I participle + noun Possessive adjective I case + (adjective +) noun Noun + noun - compound noun

the features of the dishwasher offer a lot of practical information would like to express his disappointment Latzer's second edition is more useful than the old one . meet the production schedule

@) Verbs, adjectives, and adverbs cannot come in the position of a noun. Tax incentives can be used to encourage Hwest in small businesses. investment ~ Only the noun investment can be the object of the to-infinitive to encourage.

•• • -<

0

m

They generally have lots of information regarding their iAelustriol. industry ~ Only the noun industry can be the object of the preposition regarding .


1. I'd like to delay the

of the copy machine until we can move the old one into the basement.

(A) delivered (C) deliverable

(B) deliver (D) delivery

(""\

.,"' "'

a.

"""

2. The feasibility study which was postponed a few months ago is expected to resume in time for the New Projects Committee's

(A) evaluated (C) evaluator

(B) evaluation (D) evaluates

3. Prescription service and the purchase of medication over the Internet are provided at great to sickly and aging patients.

(A) convened (C) conveniently

(B) convenient (D) convenience Answers : p. 548

www.nhantriviet.com

Chapter 12 Nouns - 135

02 0

Count Nouns vs. Non-Count Nouns

Count nouns are usually preceded by the article a/an/the or may be used in the plural form. On the contrary, non-count nouns cannot follow the article a/an and cannot be used in the plural form . I need eAaif without arms. a chair /chairs ~ Chair is a count noun, so it must be in the form of a chair or chairs.

We need a furniture/furnitums to fill the room . furniture ~ Furniture is a non-count noun , so it cannot be in the form of a furniture or furnitures. Notes: 1. There must be an indefinite article before a singular noun while the suffix -(e)s is added to a plural noun. You can print a coupon from the website. Boxes are piled up in the office. 2. Below are some count nouns that look like non-count nouns. discount price purpose refund approach statement workplace source compliment request belongings measure standard fund 3. Below are some non-count nouns that look like count nouns. access advice baggage equipment luggage machinery news stationery

8

relation result saving

information weaponry

Below are some confusing count nouns and non-count nouns because of their similar meanings. Count nouns - Non-count nouns Count nouns - Non-count nouns ~----~~~~--~~--~~--------------an account - accounting an advertisement - advertising clothes - clothing a fund - funding furni shings - furniture goods - merchandise

Decide which of the choices - (A) , (B), (C) , or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1. With so many products to choose from , consumers demand a high of customer service when choosing which company to support. (A) level (C) levels

(B) leveling (D) leveled

a a a a a a

lender - lending letter- mail permit - perm ission process , procedures - processing seat - seating ticket - ticketing

2. Many of the policyholders of National Insurance receive ten percent for cars or houses covered in their contracts. (A) discount (C) discounting

(B) discounts (D) discounted

3. We became one of the most recognized digital camera manufacturers through an that both young adults and parents could relate to . (A) advertise (C) advertising

(B) advertisable (D) advertisement Answers: p. 548


www.nhantriviet.com

03

Determiners and Nouns

0 The indefinite article a 1an cannot precede plural nouns or non-count nouns but singular nouns

Cl

"" )>

only.

:;::: :;:::

She works for a foreign company. Another factor contributed to )( higher fuel prices. I've got ~ interesting information about the event. ~ The article a cannot precede the plural noun prices. The article an cannot precede the non-count noun information .

""

)>

Note: The article a precedes a Singular noun or an adjective modifying a Singular noun starting with a consonant sound, and the article an precedes one starting w1th a vowel sound. This depends on pronunciation, not spelling. a discount a university an effort an hour •

•

I

@ The definite article the can precede both a count noun and a non-count noun. I just bought the book that you recommended . I bought the works of Shakespeare. There is no charge to borrow the equipment.

8

Quantifiers can precede both count nouns and non-count nouns. Preceding count nouns Singular nouns one every

each

Preceding non-count nouns

Plural nouns (a) few many both

fewer several

(a) little less

much

Preceding both count and non-count nouns all most any

no more some

Mtteft financial advisors will charge an hourly rate . Many ~ Advisors is a plural noun , so the quantifier many is used.

The newest MP3 model boasted several new featttre. features ~ The quantifier several always precedes a plural noun, so the noun must be in the plural form (features) . '

Note: All, more, and most may precede a plural noun. Most tree (-trees) lose their leaves each fall, but some keep them over winter. :

--

I


1.

2. After spending a full year on redesign, our programmers have developed a program that offers customers several convenient new

merchandise returned to the store after purchase must be checked for flaws or alterations before being put back on the shelf. (A) An (C) Any

(B) There is (D) In that

(A) to feature (C) featuring

3.

(B) feature (D) features

probationary accounting trainee must undergo six months' instruction before he is allowed to work in financial systems. (A) All (C) Each

(B) Much (D) A few Answers: p. 548

•

04 0

Concrete Nouns vs. Abstract Nouns

Concrete nouns refer to humans or objects/things that can be perceived by our five senses touch, sight, taste, hearing, or smell, e.g. air, salt, etc. Abstract nouns refer to those that we cannot sense- they have no physical existence, e.g. advice, satisfaction, diligence, etc. Both concrete and abstract nouns come, of course, in the position of a noun but their meaning will play a decisive role for the sentence to make sense. accountant - account, accounting applicant, application - appliance attendant, attendee - attendance consultant - consultation, consultancy occupant - occupancy, occupation producer, product - production analyst - analysis architect - architecture assembler - assembly authority - authorization beneficiary - benefit consumer - consumption contributor - contribution distributor - distribution donor - donation editor- edition employee - employment engineer - engineering founder - foundation illustrator - illustration inspector - inspection

I instructor -

instruction interpreter - interpretation journalist - journal manager - management manufacturer - manufacture negotiator - negotiation opener - opening operator - operation owner - ownership I participant - participation president - presidency receptionist - reception relative - relation representative - representation resident - residence rival - rivalry server - service subscriber - subscription supervisor - supervision I technician - technology

An architecture carefully studies a site before making a perspective. architect ~ The subject in this sentence requires a concrete noun indicating a person (architect), not an abstract noun (architecture). The founder of the local art center reflects the city's commitment to artists and culture. foundation ~ The subject in this sentence requires an abstract noun (foundation). not a concrete noun indicating a person (founder) . ·."_.'._

TOEIC Questions Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1. If long-term

is a possibility at this company, I would be interested and willing to relocate myself to this site. (A) employs (C) employed

(B) employee (D) employment

2. The chemical company gave local government officials a report detailing the of its plant in Westbury. (A) operative (C) operation

(B) operator (D) operate

3. It is common practice today for psychologists to serve as to toy companies in the design of toys for children of different ages. (A) consult (C) consultancy

(B) consultants (D) consultations Answers: p. 548


www.nhantriviet.com

05 0

Compound Nouns

A compound noun is a noun that is made up of two or more words. Most compound nouns in English are formed by noun + noun.

"'"' )>

s:: s:: )>

exercise equipment expansion project expiration date feasibility study growth rate housing department interest rate investment advice keynote speaker living expenses occupancy rate performance appraisal I evaluation product information quality requirement

account number application fee application form arrival date assembly line attendance record client satisfaction communication skill conference room confidentiality policy confirmation number construction delay enrollment form exchange rate

reception desk reference letter registration form repair facility research program retail sales retirement celebration retirement luncheon return policy safety inspection sales representative security card service desk weather forecast

Good communicated skills are essential to the project. communication

8

The suffix -{e)s is added to the second noun to form a plural compound noun.

"'

•

research program - research programs job opening - job openings Note: You cannot add the suffix -(e)s to the preceding noun to form a plural compound noun. The following compound nouns have preceding nouns end1ng in -(e)s, but they are still s1ngular nouns. customs office public relations department electronics company earnings growth savings account/bank/plan sales division/promotion human resources department '

-

I .

.

@ The suffix -s cannot be added to the words functioning as an adjective modifying a noun.

1. The

program is being financed privately, although the government is looking into the possibility of supporting the program.

(A) researching (C) research

(B) researched (D) researches

2.

(B) exercisable (D) exercised

3. With nearly two

orders placed within the first day, the manager has decided to add another work shift to meet product demand.

(A) thousands (C) thousand

"' "'

"'c.

""

equipment at the new fitness club The is guaranteed to help men and women achieve greater muscle tone in just a few weeks .

(A) exercise (C) exercising

0

,..., =>

two thousands tickets (X) - two thousand tickets (0) a four-years-old girl (X) - a four-year-old girl (0)


-< m

(B) a thousand (D) thousands of Answers: p. 548

06 0

Common Nouns in TOEIC

Below are some common nouns that are derived from the same root but take different meanings. coverage

cover covering

the amount of media coverage

delivery

deliverance

the largest global delivery company

entry

entrance

do not accept any late entries

identification

identity

present a form of identification

interests

interest

the company's best interests show great interest in alternative energy resources

likelihood

likeness

reduce the likelihood of system failure

objective object

objectivity objection

the objective of this program is to help -

percent

percentage

ten percent on all items high percentage of the budget

permit

permission

purchase a parking permit

procedure

proceeding

building security procedures

production

product produce productivity

production remains steady demonstrate the highest productivity

remainder

remains

throughout the remainder of the week

responsibility

responsiveness

accept responsibility for belongings left

segment

segmentation .

the fastest growing segment of the automobile industry

sense

sensation

have the business sense

utilization

utility

the effective utilization of personnel at all levels

- The nouns on the left column are frequently found in TOEIC answer choices. Pamela Hayes was given the responsiveness of preparing the equipment needed for the presentation. responsibility ~This

sentence requires a noun which means duty (responsibility), not showing quick response (responsiveness).

TOBC QuestiOns Decide which of the choices- (A), (B), (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1. Any

submitted without the requirements listed in the contest rules will automatically be disqualified. (A) enter (C) entering

(B) entries (D) entrance

2. Visitors are not allowed to use the back of the building to park their cars without obtaining a parking from the attendant. (A) permit (C) permitting

(B) permission (D) to permit

3. Having a good business

can help one to plan a career that involves long-term goals and strategies. (A) to sense (C) sensation

(B) sensing (D) sense Answers: p. 548


www .n h antriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE

••••••••••••


01 Laffless Law Firm is highly recommended for its (commit I commitment) to meeting its clients' needs .

Cl

"" )> s: s: )> ""

02 The manufacturer accepts no (responsibility I responsiveness) for replacement if the product is broken due to misuse.

03 In an effort to meet the encroaching deadline, management has sped up its (producing/production) schedule.

04 In order to prevent the (likeness/likelihood) of malfunction, computer systems are now equipped to monitor themselves.

05 The financial (health/healthy) of the company was revived when the new marketing director devised a clever sales pitch .

•

06 All products must be removed from the shelves in accordance with the marked (expiring/ expiration) date on each package.

07 Evaluations will be based not only on personal performance but also employee (attendance/attending) records.

-<

0

m

n

.,"'"" c..

Decide whether each of the sentences below is correct or incorrect. If it is correct, write "correct"; if it is incorrect, point out the mistake(s) and provide (a) correction(s). 08 The franchise is debating the locate of its new store.

09 Every application was given an official receipt for fees paid . 10 A workshop on the developer of economic relations between the EU and Japan took place in Tokyo. 11 The general manager handles the supervisor of all employees. 12 The frequent business traveling is allowed to enter the airport's exclusive lounge. 13 Although his occupancy was teaching, he dabbled in stock trading.

14 The Power Health Club urges people to discover the beneficiaries of supervised exercise and treatments. Answers : p. 549

www.nhantriviet.com


::0

HA CK ERS

T ES T


Part 5 01 Mr. Cook of the accounting division is under enormous to submit the financial statements by this afternoon. (A) pressing (C) press

of the Modei-T was divided into eighty-four distinct steps, with each step assigned to a single worker. (B) assembly (D) assembled

05 The manager would like to thank the factory workers for the highest the company has had in the past twenty years. (A) product (C) productive

(B) productivity (D) produce

(B) alternative (D) alternatively

09 It is vital to clearly state and define the of the project before planning the first stage. (A) objective (C) objectivity

(B) objection (D) objectionable

for the book cover went through 10 The several revisions before it was finally approved by the publisher.

(B) growing (D) grown

04 During Henry Ford 's time , the

(A) assemble (C) assembler

(A) alternate (C) alternation

(B) cancelling (D) cancellation

03 The report indicated that the company's was much average annual earnings higher than analysts had estimated. (A) grow (C) growth

no but to shut down production until the technicians could repair the defective machine.

(B) pressed (D) pressure

02 The administrative supervisor will consider the of his assistant's contract in light of suspicion regarding his loyalty to the company. (A) cancel (C) cancelled

08 The factory supervisor said that there was

(A) designed (C) design 11

(B) designing (D) designer

numbers of former customers were maintained in the database for six months as part of the company's standard procedure. (A) Account (C) Accounting

(B) Accounts (D) Accountable

12 For the of today's seminar, we will focus on the growing need for interpreters in the global market. (A) remain (C) remaining

(B) remained (D) remainder

13 To the surprise of the visitors , the elevator 06 The project implementation committee is staffed by a group with years of experience in the formation of financial cooperatives. (A) dedicated (C) dedicating

(B) dedication (D) dedicate

07 Unlike fossil fuels, which are expensive and limited in supply, renewable energy sources tend to emit fewer (A) pollutes (C) pollution 142 - Hackers TOEIC Reading

door in the old building opened suddenly while the elevator was still in (A) moving (C) move

(B) moved (D) motion

, we are 14 In an effort to improve installing laser-activated alarms at the front of every major entrance. (A) secure (C) secured

(B) securely (D) security

(B) polluted (D) pollutants www.nhantriviet.com

15 Sales of the book The Hours slowed down following the last few run . (A) day (C) days

18 Each customer is regrettably limited to one

of the movie's

discount coupon per promotion. (A) purchase (C) purchasing

(B) a day (D) date

(B) to purchase (D) purchased

19 A personal finance report includes the credit

16 It is in the best

of the company to comply with environmental regulations although this may cut into its profits . (A) interests (C) interestingly

during the sales

status of an individual and is used by the to determine whether or not to grant a loan .

(B) interesting (D) interested

(A) lend (C) lender

(B) lent (D) lending

17 If the

submitted do not meet federal requirements, the embassy will be unable to issue a passport. (A) photographs (C) photographers

20 For inquiries on estimated arrival time for your order, please contact the company by clicking on the following link.

(B) photography (D) photographic

(A) deliver (C) deliverance

(B) delivery (D) deliverable .

Part 6 Questions 21-23 refer to the following announcement.

• ..... 0

I would like to take just a few minutes this morning

one of our employees. As most of you

21 (A) congratulate (C) to congratulate

(B) congratulation (D) will congratulate

are aware of, the company recently conducted a customer service survey. This survey was unique in that it is the first time we have used a survey to analyze our customer's needs and satisfaction . Of all our staff members, Lloyd Robertson received the highest rating from our customers in terms of service, customer , and courtesy. 22 (A) satisfyingly (C) satisfying In

(B) satisfaction (D) satisfied

of his efforts , he will be receiving a special reward which includes a one-week paid

23 (A) preference (C) appreciation

(B) agreement (D) importance

vacation and a return flight for two to Fiji. Overall , we received very positive feedback from our customers and are very satisfied with every one's performance. Answers: p. 549

www.nhantriviet.com


,..,m "' "'

"'a.

"

Basic Points

A pronoun is used to replace a noun or a noun phrase to avoid repetition . It can come in the position of the subject, object, or complement in a sentence. I sh ut my cat in the room , and my cat scratched the door. - I shut my cat in the room , and it scratched the door. The pronoun it is used to replace the noun phrase my cat.

In English , pronouns are divided into personal pronouns , possessive pronouns, reflexive pronouns , demonstrative pronouns , and indefinite pronouns.

CD

A personal pronoun (1, you , he, she, they , etc.) is used to refer to a specific person or thing that has been mentioned . Helen quit her job because she didn't get along with her co-workers . The personal pronoun she is used to refer to the proper noun Helen .

®

A possess ive pronoun is used to substitute a noun phrase that indicates a possession relation . My book has lost. Can I borrow yours? The possessive pronoun yours is used in place of your book.

@ A reflexive pronoun is used to emphasize the subject or object of a sentence , or when the subject and object are the same. Reflexive pronouns are formed by adding the suffix -self I -selves to object pronouns or possessive adjectives. James talks to himself when he works. If we replace himself with him , it means James talks to another man , not his own self. @ A demonstrative pronoun (this / these , that/those) points to and identifies humans or things. When it comes before a noun, it functions as a demonstrative adjective. I have never seen scenery like this. This book will be interesting . Th is in the first sentence is a demonstrative pronoun, while This in the second sentence is a demonstrative adjective.

®

An indefinite pronoun (some, any, etc.) refers to humans or th ings that are not defi nite or specific. When it comes before a noun, it functions as an indefinite adjective. Some of the visitors are single. Some visitors are single. Some in the first sentence is an indefinite pronoun , whi le Some in the second sentence is an indefinite adjective.


www.nhantriviet.com

01

Personal Pronouns, Possessive Pronouns, Possessive Adjectives

Person First Second Third

Personal pronoun

Number Singular Plural Singular I Plural Singular Plural

C>

Subject pronoun Object pronoun I me we us you you he him she her it it they them

Possessive pronoun

Possessive adjective

mine ours yours his hers

my our your his her its their

:;:::

theirs

0

Subject pronouns come in the position of a subject. They were given free tickets to the show. He will go with us to the park as long as we take our bikes.

8

Object pronouns can come in the position of the object of a verb or the object of a preposition . The advisor helped them to understand the legal situation. Mr. Wilson works with me. Note: Not only object pronouns can follow a preposition. I am satisfied with me(- my) job. :::· In' th1s • sentence, the possessive Iadjective my must come before the noun, job. l • "' , =

0

.C-_.\1~ • ~

~• r

i!r

@) Possessive pronouns are used to replace the structure possessive adjective+ noun. They can come in the position of the subject, object, or complement in a sentence.

)>

"' ""0

"';::+

en

s. (/)

"0

"' "'::r ("")

•• ."

:I:

"'"'"

My book is about plants, but hers is about herbs.

e

"' :;::: )>

~

--< 0

m

Possessive adjectives always come before nouns to express possession.

n

Many people make decisions based on their emotions.

."'"'

Note: The art1cle a/an/the cannot be put in front of a possess1ve adjective, e.g. a my client. Hence. a possessive pronoun is used instead, e.g. a client of mine.

"'

~

'

"

~·

'

'

'

ff

I

'

'

a.

I


1. When the trade negotiators arrived at the airport, were picked up and brought to their hotel. (A) them (C) their

(B) theirs (D) they

2. After delivering

proposal , Mr. Douglas sat with committee advisors to listen to their comments. (A) he (C) him

(B) his

(D) himself

3. If you experience any problems using the website, you may contact at any of the following telephone numbers or send an e-mail to [email protected]. (A) we

(C) our

(B) us (D) ours Answers: p. 549

Hackers Skill

A possessive adjective always precedes a noun while a possessive pronoun never does.

Many people make decisions based on theirs (- their) emotions. My book is about plants, but her (- hers) is about herbs.

:::J

02

Reflexive Pronouns

Singular Plural

0

myself ourselves

yourself yourselves

himself themselves

herself

itself

Reflexive pronouns are used when the subject and object of a sentence are the same. Sometimes, Jessica talks to herself. (herself = Jessica) ~ In this sentence, herself refers to Jessica. cf. Sometimes , Jessica talks to her. (her * Jessica) In this sentence , her refers to someone else.

~

0

Reflexive pronouns are also used to emphasize the subject or object of a sentence. In this case, reflexive pronouns are optional and can be omitted. The manager himself guided the group to the factory. read the report myself. She liked the house itself, but not the location.

! didn't have time to

Note: The reflex1ve pronoun used in imperative sentences is yourself because the subject you is implied. Don't try to do repairs oneself (- yourself).

0

Below are some common expressions with reflexive pronouns. by oneself (= alone = on one's own) for oneself of itself in itself She prefers to travel by herself rather than with a tour group. You should judge for yourself.

'·

TOE1C Questions Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1. I have not been able to examine the statement although it has been on my desk for the past two days. (A) me (C) mine

(B) myself (D) my

·.'

2. Chad Reyes's total sales for this year topped everyone else's in the entire company, so the manager gave the top employee award. (A) him (C) his

(B) he (D) himself

3. Karen got the job by

despite rumors that she has friends in high places. (A) her (C) herself

(B) she (D) hers Answers: p. 549

Hackers Skill

When the subject and object do not refer to the same person /thing, an object pronoun, not a reflexive pronoun, is used.

Members of the Fulbright Council have granted themselves (- them) scholarships. ~

Members of the Fulbright Council have granted scholarships to other people, not themselves . Hence , the object pronoun them is used.


www.nhantriviet.com

03 0

Demonstrative Pronouns, Demonstrative Adjectives

The demonstrative pronoun that/those is used to replace a noun that has been mentioned.

C\

"'s:: )>

Mr. Schmidt's performance is far superior to that [of his associates). I think London 's restaurants are better than those [of New York) . The only warranties applying to the vehicle are those [offered by the manufacturer). ~

s::

)>

"'

After the demonstrative pronoun that/those is a modifier (a prepositional phrase, a relative clause , or a participial phrase).

;:·:,NMeJ; ~·.:·fh~t,E~[{o/'Lt:;:t:1~9ei_~he. ~~,cs~n that isthe subject or object of a relative clause. The.~bl8nde gig :L~f.!.W ~~f, ?lq~r than th~t (- the one) you

t! ~

·

1.

J·

lt£.:2~

8

1.· ··..

were dancing with.

cf : The' blonde .girlslsawwere older than those you were dancing With.

.: :,~~~/~. l.~:).',.~,':;·r;:.·;·' · · · I .·-.- ·. ·. -2, T~is/~~.~~.~.?..£':l!JQPt~r,~p!:T~~~~r!f.!h.o~t ... ,. . Mr:•Schmidt's•performance •is far superior to :this (- that) of his assoc1ates. ,9n~company:s"W<>,?~cts . ~~.n·.P.~~~isti~~~i_s~eq~from these(- those) of another company.

.1.: 'c· t.:!u.. ~ • .-~~~;Hto,,;.j'JJ!,;.>7J,t1t.~--.J.<"-'-·

.dill\.

,

,

.

The demonstrative pronoun those is used to mean the people who ... Those [who are responsible for this crime] will be severely punished . Those [interested in joining the discussion] need to register in advance. ~ In these sentences, Those means the people who .. . They do not replace any nouns before them . A modifier immediately follows Those. Note: They /them cannot replace those 1n th1s case. The~(- Those) interested in joining the discussion need to register in advance.

@ This/that/these/those as a demonstrative adjective is used when preceding a noun. This meeting will be difficult. Those buildings were built several decades ago. Note: The demonstrative adjective those in the follow1ng sentences is equivalent to the. Those trainers (= The trainers) who wish to attend the conference should reg1ster this month. Those memones (=The memones) wh1ch we acquire in early childhood rarely lose their vividness. •

- - - -.- -

·-

..

I


,

2. For

hoping to participate in this year's marathon, an application form has been made available online to facilitate quick and easy registration .

1. This factory's shoes can be distinguished from of another factory because of the spiral imprint on the bottom .

(A) this (C) that

(B) them (D) those

(A) those (C) ones

3.

(B) who (D) them

Food prices in general rose nearly 14 percent, with the price of meat going up by 20 percent and of vegetables by 5 .8 percent. (A) this (C) these

(B) that (D) those Answers : p. 549

---- . -'--- .... :.. :.- ...

------

Chaoter 13 Pronouns - 147

04 0

Indefinite Pronouns/ Adjectives (1 ): One, Another, Other

The indefinite pronoun one is used to replace an unspecified singular noun. I sold my old car and bought a new one. must be a noun (car) in the sentence before one is used .

~ There

8

The indefinite pronoun another is used to replace somebody/something besides the person/ thing that has been mentioned. The indefinite adjective another means one more. One of the students is from Mexico. Another student is from Japan. (Another is from Japan.) the indefinite adjective another is a singular noun . The definite article the cannot come before another.

~ After

@) The indefinite pronoun others is used to replace different people/things from the one(s) already

mentioned. The indefinite adjective other is used to describe different people/things from the one(s) already mentioned. One of the students is from Mexico. Other students are from Brazil. (Others are from Brazil.) indefinite adjective other precedes a plural noun , while others is used as a pronoun .

~ The

Note: The indefinite adject1ve other may also precede a non-count noun. . We can get ~ information from the website.

9

The other(s) means those remaining after one or more people/things have left or been excluded. I have three books . Two are mine . The other book is yours. (The other is yours.) I have three books. One is mine. The other books are yours . (The others are yours .) ~ The other(+ singular noun) indicates one person / th ing remaining , and the other+ plural noun (or the others) indicates two or more persons / things remaining .


1. The company has grown so quickly that its owners are planning to set up one branch in China and in Japan. (A) each other (B) one another (C) other (D) another

2. The company purchased most of its necessities from a single supplier, but were ordered from special sources. (B) others (A) other (C) the other (D) both 3. During the orientation for new employees, it was discovered that two of the workers already knew each (A) ones (B) other (C) another (D) others Answers: p. 549

Hackers Skill

Another precedes a singular noun and other precedes a plural noun or a non-count noun.

Other (- Another) candidate has jumped into the presidential race . We are willing to explore another (- other) options. 148 - Hackers TOEIC Reading

www.nhantriviet.com

05 0

Indefinite Pronouns/ Adjectives (2): Some/Any, No/None, Most

Some/any is used as either a pronoun or an adjective, which means a few of or a little of. Some as an adjective is used in affirmative sentences; any as an adjective is used in negative, interrogative, and conditional sentences. Some/any can come before or replace both count and non-count nouns. Some members of the group didn't show up. Some disapproved of the idea. I'm going to buy some clothes. There's some ice in the freezer.

C> )> "'

s:: s:: )>

"'

We don't have any of the equipment. Have you got any luggage? If there are any letters for me , can you send them to this address?

I

Notes: 1. Some Is also used in interrogative sentences to offer or request something. Would you like ~ coffee? I Can I have ~ soup? J j

i!

r i

2. Any.meaning wf1ateverlwhoever is used in affirmative sentences. Any equipment removed from the lab must be signed for. (= If there is any equipment] ~ person involved in the project can see the reports. 3. Something I somebody I someone is used in affirmative sentences. Anything I anybody I anyone is used in negative, interrogative, and conditional sentences. I don't want anything to eat. I There's somebod~ at the door. '~\

•. ·

t

'

I

@ No precedes a noun and functions as an adjective, while the pronoun none can stand alone. We had to walk home because there was no bus. All the tickets have been sold. There are none left.

•

None of the shops were open .

Notes: n No one cannot be modified by of+ noun. and not must be used before one or a/an to emphasize the negation. No (- Not) one of them knew how to handle it. 2 Anything is used in negative sentences, while nothing can be used in affirmative sentences and is eguivalent to not anY!hing. iThere is an hing (-'- nothing) to add to the list.

--<

0

~

n

.,"' ~

c. ::>

\0

8

Most can be used as a pronoun or an adjective, which means the majority/the biggest amount of something. Most of the people didn't enjoy the party. Most people didn't enjoy the party.

TOEIC Questions Decide which of the choices- (A), (B) , (C) , or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1.

of the clerks in the supply room fau lted themselves for not accurately recording the inventory of supplies. (A) No (C) Some

(B) One (D) Any

2.

We received the sales figures for last year, but there appears to be of a discrepancy in the third quarter. (A) something (C) anything

(B) everything (D) nothing

3. The project approval committee received forty proposals, of which were related to the transmission of electricity to rural areas. (A) most (C) any

(B) the most (D) almost Answers: p. 549

06 0

Agreement between Nouns and Pronouns I Possessive Adjectives

Nouns and pronouns/possessive adjectives must agree in number. Singular nouns take singular pronouns/possessive adjectives, and plural nouns take plural pronouns/possessive adjectives. Plural

Singular

!-

Personal pronouns I Possessive adjectives

1/me /my, you/you/your, he / him /his, she I her I her, it! it/ its

we/us/our, you / you / your, they / them /their

Reflexive pronouns

myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself

ourselves , you rselves, themselves

Demonstrative pronouns

this, that

these, those

Businesses should consider the social implications of its activities. their Mr. Pak and the other employees tried to finish it by ftimself. themselves A grandparent's lQ!>_ is easier than these of a parent. that Note: In case this/that/these/those functions as an adjecttve, tt must agree in number with the noun that follows. Therefore, this/that precedes a singular noun and these/those precedes a plural noun. these (- this) travel expense report this (- these) areas ~ ";:

"

.,. "'

t \:-'

-

@ Personal pronouns and possessive adjectives must agree in gender and person with nouns. Mr. Jones enjoyed the work so much that it changed his career. he Mrs. Pringle and ftis husband attended an investment club . her The firm wishes to announce the addition of Mr. Hopkins to ftis board of directors. its The country has become one of the largest natural gas producers by increasing yettf production . its

TOEIC Questions Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C) , or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1. The library has its own collection of rare books, also sponsors local exhibits with but books loaned by other libraries. (A) they

(B) he

(C) it

(D) we

2.

Ms. Novak is worried that the floral arrangements ordered will not arrive in ti me for the reception dinner. (B) that (A) she (D) until (C) are

3. The executive committee decided that the task force would not have own decisionmaking capacity, but would defer to management for resolutions. (B) his (A) its (D) theirs (C) her Answers: p. 549

Hackers Skill

To be sure of the agreement between nouns and pronouns/possessive adjectives, you have to identify which noun the pronoun /adjective replaces .

The firm wishes to announce the addition of Mr. Hopkins to his (- its) board of directors. ~ The possessive adjective its is used to refer to The firm , not Mr. Hopkins.

1SO - Hackers TOEIC Reading

www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE

•••••••••••


01 Cashiers are asked to report to (them/their) division heads if there is any discrepancy in the tills . 02 Tycon is a successful corporation because its employees are more skilled than (that/those) of other companies.

03 In order to process the request, we must have (your/yours) account number and permanent address.

04 If you need (another I other) application form , go to the reception desk and they will assist you. 05 Mrs. Gray was expected to arrive by (her/herself) , but she couldn 't find the conference center.

•

06 We consider (him/his) not only the best analyst in the industry but also the top manager. 07 We will teach (that/those) individuals who run their own businesses how to manage daily operations. -< 0

~

n


08 Labor unions are opposed to the bills, saying he would worsen conditions for temporary workers. 09 The problem is that construction companies saw all its profits for last year disappear into steel costs . 10 By boosting our production , the company hopes to climb out of bankruptcy. 11 Although the marketing strategy failed , the CEO has decided to give them another try. 12 Absent employees must send in a letter explaining the reason for its absence. 13 We extend its sincerest appreciation to the National Consumer Committee for a job well done . 14 Compact Inc. has decided to recall its laptops and upgrade themselves at no additional cost to the consumer. Answers: p. 549

.."'"'

a. ::>

<0

HA C K E R S

T E S T


Part 5 01 The finance department would like to

08 It is the company's policy that the director

announce the addition of Jake Pasternak to team of accountants.

must abstain from any political involvement in carrying out his responsibilities.

(A) its (C) his

(B) it

(A) him

(D) him

(C) he

02 One employee at the company prefers

09 Employees working on an incentive-based

working during fixed hours, while appreciates the flex-hour system recently installed by the manager. (A) any (C) either

(B) himself (D) his

contract are more efficient than who are salaried and locked into a one-year term . (A) such (C) those

(B) other

(B) that (D) someone

(D) another

10 fiscal report before we calculate

a single missing file has been retrieved from the main computer yet, causing widespread panic in the office.

(A) us (C) ourselves

(A) No (C) None

03 We are waiting for Anrom to turn in its annual (B) our (D) ours

04 Mr. Eisenhower was offered a number of

(B) Any (D) Not

11 At the Svelte Health Club, all patrons should

of which positions in the company, was exactly what he was looking for.

have body fat percentage measured before they embark on an exercise regimen .

(A) few (C) both

(A) they (C) their

(B) none (D) all

05 The company cannot let

present problem with organizational restructuring affect its plans to merge with Macro Technologies . (A) its (C) itself

with the visiting executives while ran out to gather the prepared reports and documents. (A) other (C) each other

(D) them

of celebrity status by launching their own product lines. (A) they (C) them

12 One associate remained in the main office

(B) it

06 Famous people sometimes make good use

(B) their (D) themselves

07 The assistant accounting manager doesn't

(B) them (D) theirs

13

(B) the other

(D) one another

them had two or three years of experience in graphic design before coming to our company. (A) Most (C) Almost

(B) Most of (D) Any of

14 Larger businesses are expected by the

have authority to release the documents the client is requesting .

government to donate a certain percentage of earnings to charities each year.

(A) another (C) no

(A) its (C) it

(B) one (D) any

(B) their (D) them

15 The company requires

employees to wear proper headgear at all construction sites as an important safety procedure. (A) them (C) its

18 The court ordered that both parties present their copies of the original contract to (A) another (C) other ones

(B) theirs (D) it

19 16 The bureau is hesitant to cut public sector health costs , but proposal may be applied to the private sector by the end of the week . (A) that (C) them

(B) those (D) theirs

(B) other (D) each other

determined to earn their holiday bonus must not miss any days between now and the Christmas break. (B) That (D) Someone

(A) They (C) Those

20 The finance expert received the proposals 17 You have illegally passed on confidential corporation , financial information to so the police will have to be notified.

and will now sift through before determining which one will best suit the company's interests.

(A) any (C) others

(A) it (C) theirs

(B) other (D) another

(B) them (D) ours

•• •

Part 6 Questions 21-23 refer to the following letter. November 4 ..... 0

Eileen Rivera 213 West 35th Street, Suite 1301 New York, NY 10001

,..,m "'"' "'a. "

<0

Dear Ms. Rivera, We would like to congratulate you on

one of fi ve internships being offered by the Gables &

21 (A) obtaining (C) obtained

(B) obtain (D) obtains

Gabbert Firm . This year, quite a number of exceptionally talented

from all over the country

22 (A) candidates

(B) nominees (D) petitioners

(C) suitors applied for th is position.

A small reception will be held at Conference Room 2 on November 10 at 3:00p.m. for all the successful candidates . Please contact my assistant, Ms. Lisa Foster at 555-2919, if you will be able to attend. Conon November 10. gratulations once again on your extraordinary achievement. We do hope to see

23 (A) them (C) him

(B) it (D) you

Sincerely yours , Bill Patterson Manager Answers: p. 549

www.nhantriviet.com

Chapter 13 Pronouns - 153

Basic Points

An adjective is a word that is used to modify a noun or a pronoun by describing, identifying, or quantifying it. I like long hair. The bridge is pretty long. In the first sentence, the adjective long modifies the noun hair. In the second one, the adjective long modifies the noun bridge.

An adjective usually ends in one of these suffixes: -able, -al, -ible, -ic, -ive, -ous, -ful, -ly. advisable effective

formal previous

responsible successful

specific heavy

Some adjectives end in the suffix -ly. Do not confuse them with adverbs. likely

lively

costly

deadly

friendly

01 0

Positions of Adjectives

Adjectives modify nouns in a sentence. • (Article)

+ (adverb) + adjective + noun

You will get the specific information about the meeting. The ~ successful fair was attended by thousands of people. • Adjective

+ com pound noun

John was awarded for his exceptional job performance with a promotion . • Noun + adjective The bank will take every measure possible to ensure the safety of the cash iers. Notes: 1. Do not use an adverb to replace the adjective which comes before and actually modifies the structure adjective + noun. Please report the totally (- l<:>tal) financial expenses. 2. Adjectives ending in -able/ -ible, e.g. possible, available, often come after the nouns they modify. The tickets available are for the day performance only.

8

Adjectives can also come in the position of the complement in a sentence. Subject complement Object complement

It is important to be creative in the field of advertising . Light-colored walls make a room bright.

@) Nouns and adverbs cannot come in the position of an adjective. People can become overweight because of an improperly diet. improper ~ To modify the noun diet, the adjective improper is used . There is an opening for an C)(perience floor manager. experienced ~ To modify the compound noun floor manager, the adjective experienced is used.

Decide wh ich of the choices- (A), (B), (C) , or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1. Commercial banks are advised to take action to amend the serious currency shortfall . (A) quickness (C) quickly

(B) quicken (D) quick

2. If we continue with the

production rate, inventory in all stores should be stocked by next week. (A) present (C) presently

(B) presented (D) presenting

3. Workers in general are much less to detail during the day if they haven't had sufficient rest. (A) attentive (C) attentively

(B) attention (D) attentiveness Answers: p. 549

www.nhantriviet.com

Chapter 14 Adjectives - 155

•

02 0

Quantifiers as Adjectives and Indefinite Pronouns

Quantifiers are words or phrases that express quantity, functioning as an adjective. Below are some common quantifiers. Before count nouns Singular nouns a/an each one

Before non-count nouns

Plural nouns

every another

(a) few both several various

fewer many numerous

(a) little less much

Before both count and non-count nouns no most some all

more any other

Mtteft customers benefited from the service . Many ~ Customers

is a plural noun , so many, not much , is used.

I was given few information at the help desk. little ~ Information is a non-count noun , so little, not few , is used . Note: When all / more/most/other IS used w1th count nouns, the nouns must be in the plural form . All letter (- letters) should be signed. ,

-:---:::-;_

I

•

t "*

-

@ Below are some quantifiers used as indefinite pronouns. The inseparable phrase of the is put between each of them and a noun to express a part or the whole of something. each much any

one/two many some

all both most (a) few

none seve ral (a) little

+ of the + noun

Some ef-1-the progress in sales was due to the unique ads. of the ~ The phrase of the is inseparable. Notes: 1. All and both can be followed by the without of. ~ staff ask1ng for time off must submit a request form.

2. A possess1ve adJeCtive can replace the in the phrase of the . All of our .staff have full-time jobs. '

"

.t,_

TOEJC Questions Decide wh ich of the choices - (A) , (B), (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1.

orde r that comes to our department is processed with the utmost care and attention.

(A) Many (C) Every

(B) All (D) Most

2. The unconventional manner of leadership by

the company's new marketing manager was the cause of debate in the office.

(A) much (C) mostly

(B) many (D) almost

3. Pharmacists have publicly refused to condone any cream which claims to provide impossible cosmetic results and skin altering benefits. (A) every (C) many

(B) a lot (D) some of Answers: p. 549


www.nhantriviet.com

03 0

Confusing Adjectives

Below are some adjectives which either are derived from the same root or have nearly similar spelling but have quite different meanings. appreciable - appreciative argumentative - arguable beneficial - beneficent careful - caring considerable - considerate comparable - comparative comprehensible - comprehensive economic - economical favorable - favorite impressive - impressed informed - informative

persuasive - persuaded probable - probabilistic profitable - proficient prospective - prosperous reliable - reliant respectable - respective responsible - responsive satisfactory - satisfying seasonal - seasoned successful - successive understanding - understandable

Background music has an appreciative effect on employee productivity. appreciable ~ Appreciable means noticeable/ large, while appreciative means grateful. It is important to keep your supervisor informative about any problems. informed ~ Informed means having a lot of knowledge, while informative means providing useful information.

•

Telephone representatives are trained not to be arguable with customers. argumentative ~ Argumentative means often arguing/ wanting to argue, while arguable means having some point that is not agreeable. -<

Gaffftg use of the machine will prevent it from malfunctioning. Careful ~ Careful means giving a lot of attention, while caring means kind.

0

m

n

"'.,"'

a.

"'


1. Despite consumer opposition, Noden will spend time researching the potential benefits of adding GPS to its cell phones. (A) consider (C) considerable

(B) considerate (D) consideration

2. Because his response to the questions was less than , the school officials decided to deny him acceptance into their graduate program. (A) satisfaction (C) satisfactory

(B) satisfied (D) satisfying

3. Stunned by the

performance of the violinist, the magazine critic was at a loss for words when he sat down to write a review of the show. (A) impress (C) impressively

(B) impressed (D) impressive Answers: p. 549

04 0

Expressions with Be + Adjective

Below are some common expressions with be + adjective. Expressions

be about to V

Examples She is looking for a new job as her company is about to go bankrupt.

be apt to V Sales are likely to increase this season due to high consumer confidence. likely to V = be liable to sth/to V

= be

be available to V be available for sth

The applicant indicated that she was available to start working immediately. Patricia Wells is usually available for private consultation on weekends only.

be aware of sth

Everyone should be aware of the dangers of second-hand smoke.

= be conscious of sth = be cognizant of sth be capable of V-ing

The department is capable of providing specialized rescue service.

be comparable to sth

Export figures from this year are comparable to statistics from the past two years .

be consistent with sth Product quality and design must be consistent with customer demand. be eligible for sth be eligible to V

Freelance workers are not eligible for the company pension plan . All staff members are eligible to attend the meeting.

be responsible for sth The city police were responsible for the accident. be skilled in/at sth

People who are skilled in website design are in high demand these days.

be subject to sth Part of this presentation may be subject to revision. ct. be subjective to sth cf. Truth is subjective to the individual. be willing to V

He is willing to do whatever it takes to succeed.

Decide which of the choices - (A), (B) , (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1. Given the recent trends in stocks and bonds, the market is to drop by 2 percent in the next couple of quarters. (A) like (C) likely

(B) alike (D) likelihood

2. Unless the company's proof of age requirement is satisfied, application for membership in the online shopping club may be to rejection. (A) subject (C) subjective

(B) subjects (D) su bjecting

3. Persons with disabilities are not to apply for labor positions because of the extensive physical demands. (A) eligi bility (C) eligible

(B) eligibleness (D) eligibly Answers: p. 550


www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE

••••••••••••


01 After a heated debate, the director and assistant manager both returned to their (respective I respectable) offices. 02 Once his father dies, Ben Gershwin will be the (successful/successive) heir to the family's textile business. 03 The weekly staff meeting is held (every I all) Wednesday morning in the presentation room.

04 In general , this year's gross output is (comparative/comparable) to that of the previous three years . 05 The government called for the (continued/continuation) intervention of inspectors in factories mass-producing corporate goods.

06 There is so (many/much) competition that prices are likely to stay low.

•

07 It was incredibly (considerable/considerate) of the director to give the workers extra vacation time this Christmas.

_, 0

m


,...,

..

"' "'c..

:::0 <0

08 The economical outlook portends steep rises in interest rates for business loans. 09 In preparation for the Olympics, many contractors are bidding for the construction of a permanently sports complex.

10 Once the new security system was put in, the store had fewer trouble with prowlers. 11 Rumor has it that Urban Bank is like to merge with Fargo Inc. next year. 12 A variety of difference factors have contributed to the company's failure, the main one being sales. 13 Todd is an understandable leader who makes all of the workers feel comfortable. 14 The government has announced that businesses contributing to locally charities will be given tax deductions. Answers: p. 550

www.nhantriviet.com


HA C KE R S

T E S T


Part 5 01 Mr. Jefferson is a good leader because he is

08 We think that the community center is the

able to provide criticism in a way that people are receptive to .

venue for our annual company barbecue.

(A) constructs (C) constructive

(A) ideal (C) ideally

(B) constructor (D) construction

02 Erickson & Co. has called in a number of professional advisors to give their opinions about the company's potential merger. (A) finance (C) financed

(B) financial (D) financing

(B) idealize (D) idealistically

09 All of the employees have been quite with the police during the rigorous investigation of the company . (A) cooperate (C) cooperating

(B) cooperative (D) cooperation

10 The report indicated that investments, brokers must have access to information that is completely

independent broker agents in the European continent were being put out of business by larger corporations.

(A) reliance (C) reliant

(A) the most (C) most of

03 To avoid giving clients misleading advice on

(B) reliable (D) relying

04 When the analyst provides me with details , I will write up the final report and send it to your office. (A) almost (C) quite

(B) a lot (D) more

(B) almost (D) most

11 The company now requires all newly hired accountants to undergo two months of intensive training before taking on any work responsibilities. (A) formal (C) forming

(B) formed (D) formally

05 If there are any changes in the schedule and activities for next week's open house, your supervisor will fill you in . (A) directing (C) directed

(B) directly (D) direct

06 Visitors to the United States often see signs in public places that state, "Management is not for any loss or damage of personal belongings left unattended ." (A) responsibly (C) responsibility

(B) responsible (D) responsive

12 The sponsoring company has prepared a online exhibit of the artist's paintings for individuals who do not have time to visit the art center. (A) special (C) specialist

(B) specially (D) specialize

13 Larger discount stores that sell products in bulk are to middle-class families that lead busy lives. (A) attracted (C) attraction

(B) attractive (D) attractively

07 Many injuries at the construction site can be prevented or minimized with the use of equipment. (A) protect (C) protective


(B) protects (D) protecting

14 The bank is offering a new service that will allow patrons to examine personal transactions listed in a weekly statement. (A) consolidate (C) consolidated

(B) consolidator (D) consolidation www.nhantriviet.com

15 The

interests of the corporation make it difficult for management to form definite decisions. (A) diverse

(B) diversification (D) diversity

(C) diversifying

will be used to ensure that your valuables are delivered quickly and safely. (B) possible (D) possibly

size of the memory card in mobile phones which feature a built-in camera will allow users to save hundreds of images. (B) reducing (D) reduction

trouble than

(B) least (D) less

19 This folder contains important and documents and should be placed inside Mr. Berr's safe when he doesn't need it. (A) confidential (C) confidentially

17 The

(A) reduce (C) reduced

orderly fashion, it will be it was last year. (A) fewer (C) a few

16 Every means

(A) possibility (C) possibilities

18 If inventory is well planned and done in an

(B) confiding (D) confident

20 At his retirement party, a number of Jack's colleagues congratulated him on a highly career in the journalism field . (A) succeed (C) succeeded

(B) successive (D) successful

•

Part 6 Questions 21-23 refer to the following e-mail.

....

0

m

n

Dear Ms. Goldman ,

"' "'"' :::> ""

0..

I am writing to

the receipt of your application for our First Time Home Owner Mortgage Plan.

21 (A) remark (C) suggest

(B) understand (D) confirm

I am pleased to inform you that your loan has been approved and we will be able to lend you the amount . As indicated in your chosen plan , once the initial transaction is performed , you 22 (A) requests (C) requested

(B) requesting (D) is requested

wil l be required to deposit monthly installments covering the principal payment and interest into the bank account wh ich will be opened for this purpose. The option to transfer into a closed interest rate package will remain for a period of three years , after which time it will be mandatory 23 (A) effect (C) effective

(B) effected (D) effectively

for you to continue with the current plan. Please contact the bank to set up an appointment to begin the mortgage process. Thank you . Answers: p. 550

Basic Points

An adverb is a word used to emphasize a state or an action. They highly recommended the product. That was a very creative idea. In the first sentence, the adverb highly emphasizes the action recommend , and the adverb very in the second sentence emphasizes the state of being creative .

An adverb can modify a verb , an adjective, another adverb , a phrase , a clause , or a whole sentence. An adverb indicates manner, time, place, cause , or degree, and answers questions with how, when , where , why , how much , how often . Modifying Modifying Modifying Modifying Modifying Modifying

a verb an adjective another adverb a phrase a clause a whole sentence

He carefully dug under the tree. The sandwiches were really delicious. She likes this novel very much . Ally left shortly before 9:00 p.m. I arrived long after the party began. Usually, he works Monday to Friday.

An adverb is usually formed by adding the suffix -ly to an adjective. Most adverbs end in -ly, such as calmly, completely, entirely, heavily, temporarily . However, some adverbs do not end in -ly, such as ahead , just, only, still , well. Bear in mind that costly , elderly, friendly , silly, ugly, and worldly are adjectives, not adverbs. She sm iled in a friendly way.


www.nhantriviet.com

01 0

Functions and Positions of Adverbs

When an adverb modifies a verb:

Cl

"" )>

:;:: :;::

• It comes before or after verb + object. It cannot come between verb and object. Mr. Fields promptly informed his supervisor of the accident. It is necessary to filter individually each customer complaint individually.

)>

""

• It usual ly comes between or after auxiliary /modal verb+ main verb. They are still arranging the office to accommodate the new workers. Mr. Walker's retirement has been indefinitely postponed. The new assistant is adjusting nicely to the corporate life.

@ When an adverb modifies an adjective, another adverb, or a phrase, it comes right before the

adjective, adverb, or phrase. He gave an exceptionally profound speech at the gathering. The following is the list of the most frequently asked questions. She speaks English very well. The service operates only on the dates listed below. Note: An adverb may also ptecede a quanttfier. ·

Approxtmate (- Approxtmately) 10,000 workers wtll be latd off next term.

----,

-------

@) When an adverb modifies a clause, it comes at the beginning of the clause. When modifying a

•

whole sentence, it stands at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. Children are admitted only if they are accompanied by an adult. Unfortunately, I won 't be able to attend the meeting . They will finish the survey tomorrow.

e

.... 0

Adjectives cannot come in the position of an adverb.

m

n

"'"" c.

Expense accounts for traveling salesmen have been cut substantial. substantially ~ To modify the verb cut, the adverb substantially, not the adjective substantial , is used .

""

"'

<0

Whether or not you quit is efttire up to you. entirely ~ To modify the phrase up to you, the adverb entirely, not the adjective entire, is used . l.

"-l'

'·

.•

Note: Careful attentton should be patd to the correct use of ad]ecttves and adverbs tn the companson of equality (as+ adjective/ (

adverb + as)

,'

•

I

My computer was as slowly as a snatl. (X) ·

You'd better eat as slow as posstble. (X) -

.i

I

'

~

'

My computer was slowly ( - slow). You'd better eat slow ( - slowly) .

I

Decide which of the choices - (A) , (B), (C), or (D) best completes the sentence. 1. A surveyor's inspection shows that it may be impossible to lay the foundation for the memorial on the suggested site. (A) technically (C) technicality

(B) technician (D) technical

I

2. Recent advances in telephony have made it possible transmit for mobile phone owners to clear and sharp images to other users. (A) easy (C) easiest

(B) easier (D) easily

3. He was fired after getting into a heated debate with the manager about appropriate office etiquette. (A) short (B) shorter (C) shortly (D) shorten Answers: p. 550

02 0

Confusing Adverbs

Some adverbs are derived from the same root but have different meanings. Examples

Adverbs hard hardly

Employees that work hard will be rewarded with bonuses. That was hardly enough time for lunch.

high highly

Her work has piled up high on her desk. Admittedly, I think highly of our company's founder. Private schooling is a highly lucrative industry in South Korea.

great greatly

You really have done great this year in terms of sales. In spite of a lack of practice, her writing has greatly improved.

late lately

The company president is scheduled to arrive late Friday evening. Mark has been missing the feedback sessions lately.

most mostly

The lack of coordination at the office annoys me most. My co-workers are mostly energetic and bright college graduates.

near nearly

The final day for registration drew near. I was nearly finished when the phone rang.

TOEtC Questions Decide which of the choices- (A), (B), (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1. The manager sent a memo complaining about the timeliness of report submissions and mentioned that monthly reports are being submitted one or two days (A) lately (C) lateness

(B) later (D) late

2. Sales of compact disc players have gone down 15 percent this fiscal year. (A) nearly (C) quite

(B) near (D) very

3. Kurt Drew works

, his communication skills are exemplary, and I have no doubt he will be an asset to your company . (A) hardly (C) hard

(B) harden (D) hardened Answers: p. 550


www.nhantriviet.com

03 0

Adverbs of Time

Already/still/yet • Already is used in affirmative sentences, implying that something has been done . She has already typed the report you left on her desk. • Still is used in affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences, implying that something is continuing . The house is still up for sale . • Yet is mostly used in interrogative and negative sentences to talk or ask about something that has not happened or is not true at a particular time but will probably happen or be true in the future. Have the reports been filed yet?

• @ Ever I ago I once • Ever is used in negative and interrogative sentences, implying that something happened in the past without a specific time . They hardly ever received encouragement from the ir parents. • Ago follows a word or an expression referring to a period of time to say how long before the present time something happened. Mrs. Baker joined our team here at ESCO three years ago. • Once is used to say that a particular situation existed at a time in the past but does not exist any longer. It can also modify adjectives . He once managed this store. Formerly a main source of fish, the area had many once thriving fish markets.


1. The traffic was so heavy that by the time we arrived at the theater, the awardwinning play had started. (A) yet (C) once

(B) already (D) still

2. Although infrastructure contracts should be awarded through open bids, the administration has not devised a policy that would allow for it. (A) yet (C) never

(B) still (D) already

3. Union leaders have been negotiating with management representatives ever since most of the company's workers went on strike about two weeks (A) already (C) ago

(B) once (D) yet Answers: p. 550

-< 0

m

n

.,..."'

c.

"

<0

04 0

Adverbs of Frequency

An adverb of frequency shows how often an action takes place. It usually comes before an ordinary verb, between an auxiliary or a modal verb and a main verb, after the main verb be, or at the beginning or at the end of a sentence. always almost often frequently once / twice / three times + a day / week / month / year sometimes hardly I rarely I seldom I scarcely I barely never

usually

She often tries to help me. She is so tired that she can hardly keep awake. He is usually very cheerful. Sometimes I go to work by bus. The board meeting takes place once a year. Notes: 1. Hardly ever means almost never. She hardly ever lies. 2. Usually and often can come at the beginning or at the end of a sentence, but always cannot. Always (- Usually), the pizza delivery boy arrives within fifteen minutes of receiving our order. I go there always (- often). 3. An adverb of time cannot come in the position of an adverb of frequency. Passengers with small children are~(- usually) given priority seating on planes. 4. Barely means almost not. The rairi had barely stopped before it came down in a torrential downpour. ' _. _,.,,,.,_."'''-· ·.:- -·.•... · .••. ·_;,.,.·.·: .... ;._._,_· ~ -~ ,_. __ ._; ·i ..·. . ,: ..•. ;. ·:-.·

@ The adverbs hardly, rarely, seldom, scarcely, barely, and never already contain a negative meaning, thus they do not go with not or another negative word. I had hardly fte\fef taken lunch outside of the office. ever -.. Hardly already incl udes a negative meaning, so it cannot go with the negative word never. Note: When the negative adverbs come at the beginning of a sentence, an 1nvers1on of the subject and verb must be applied. Never was the work at the plant harder than when demand peaked.

Decide which of the choices - (A), (B) , (C) , or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1.

2. We have the production laborers change schedules too much routine .

At Calvin 's Outlet Store, evaluations of team leaders are done at the end of every three-month quarter. (A) yet (C) once

(B) ever (D) usually

(A) soon (C) shortly

3.

to prevent laziness from (B) often (D) hardly

have I seen such an eager and enthusiastic recruit with so much experience in the workforce . (A) Ever (C) Hardly

(B) Although (D) Even Answers: p. 550

05 0

Connecting Adverbs

Connecting adverbs are often used to show the relationship between the ideas expressed in two successive clauses, sentences, or paragraphs. Below are some common connecting adverbs. besides therefore however otherwise (or) else

furthermore consequently nonetheless meantime I meanwhile

moreover hence nevertheless then

Knowing he was going to be fired , he consequently didn't put effort into his work. Say sorry to her; then, you'll receive her smile again . All applicants must register by May 2 or else they will be disqualified .

@ Connecting adverbs usually follow the semicolon (;) when they connect two clauses. It is too late besides you are tired. (X) It is too late; besides, you are tired. (0) - The adverb besides connects the two clauses, so the semicolon (;) is added before it.

•

@) When a conjunction of an adverb clause is already used, a connecting adverb is no longer

needed. Although we were tired and sleepy ,~ we kept on walking . - The conjunction Although already expresses a full meaning . Hence, the adverb nevertheless is redundant. --<

Note: Exceptionally, the adverb then can go with the conjunction if. If you had known this all along,~ you could have told me. ;

0

m

n

"" "'"'a.

:

=> <0


1. Employee suggestions are always accepted by management; , most suggestions are usually not acted upon until after the board meetings are held. (A) therefore (C) instead

(B) otherwise (D) however

2.

Unless indicated , all the information in this set of records is up to date as of June

30. (A) instead (C) also

(B) otherwise (D) else

3. Mr. Johnson expressed interest in a marketing job; , the previous positions on his resume were exclusively in accounting . (A) moreover (C) therefore

(B) however (D) otherwise Answers : p. 550

www.nhantriviet.com

Chapter 15 Adverbs - 167

06 0

Emphasizing Adverbs (1)

Just and right come before and emphasize the adverbs of time before and after. Get in touch with the secretary just (= right) before coming to the office. Notes: 1. Just enough means as much as necessary. I have ~!:! time to eat lunch before my next class. 2. When just modifies a verb, 1! means very recently. Sage Entertainment just announced the leadmg male actor for its upcoming epic film. ~

·-~~~;r,_,,._~..-•~o\~·

-

@ Only and just come before and emphasize a prepositional phrase or a noun phrase. They hold barbecue parties only during the summer. It's just a simple manager-employee misunderstanding.

@) Well emphasizes a prepositional phrase, meaning very much. Stock prices are well over market value this week. as the adverb of good means in a good way. his job well . . . .~ill.§~i"..
1 ~-.hJtJ..!,~k~.•rJWt

e

,.,~,·-•· "'"

4

~~

~

-

.,

•

Even comes before and emphasizes a noun I noun phrase or a verb. Even the anthropology professor thought the speech was boring. We will even provide you with complimentary mints on your pillow . ..- When emphasizing a verb , even comes between the modal verb and the main verb .

(3 Quite comes before and emphasizes the structure a/an+ noun, meaning a little/a lot but not

completely. The new archiving system was quite a success. !1Uite means not completely. take the next step. adjective, or an adverb, quite means completely or considerably. surprising. ~

0

-

.

For emphasis, nearly, almost, and just are used in the comparison of equality; much, even, still, far, a lot, and by far are used in the comparative; by far and quite are used in the superlative. She's just as intelligent and good-looking as her brothers and sisters. There is a much better store around the corner. Joel Rivera is by far the most forceful of all the speakers at the convention .

TOEIC Questions Decide which of the choices - (A) , (B), (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1. This business visa allows you to travel to your destination on the days listed at the bottom of the paper. (A) also (C) even

(B) only (D) however

2. Parmalac sold its lmCione stocks at a price that was (A) very (C) well

below the market value at that time . (B) so (D) such

3. The company decided that a

more aggressive approach to advertising was needed to pull ahead of the competition . (A) so (C) much

(B) very (D) really

Answers: p. 550 168 - Hackers TOEIC Reading

www.nhantriviet.com

07 0

Emphasizing Adverbs (2)

So is an adverb modifying an adjective or an adverb; such is a determiner modifying a noun or a noun phrase. They both mean very. The store was sttefl busy that it had to hire additional part-time workers . so Sales items sold out sttefl quickly that the shop had to close early. so ~ Such cannot modify the adjective busy and the adverb quickly. Hence, the adverb so must be used .

C\

"' :;::

)>

:;:: )>

"'

It's amazing that one company can have se dedicated employees. such ~ So cannot modify the noun employees. Hence, the determiner such must be used. Note: When such modifies a singular noun, it precedes the article a/an. He had never dealt with such an experienced negotiator before. ' ------., ~~· t

8

• ...

-

·'

•

So and very have the same meaning, but unlike so, very cannot be used with a that-clause in complex sentences. The explanation in the book is very clear. The staff was very argumentative that it took time before decisions were made. so

8

Unlike so/very, too expresses a negative meaning.

•

The report was too long to read all at once. ~ The structure too ... to ... conveys the negative meaning we cannot read the report all at once because it was so long. cf . The walk was very long , but the fresh air felt good . very emphasizes the characteristic of something, while too implies a negative opinion .

~ Generally ,

--<

0

m

Notes: 1. The structure too + adjective/ adverb +to-infinitive indicates an improbable situation because of the preceding condition. This is too com licated for the students to understand . .._.. The subject of the verb understand is the students, which is included in the structure for + somebody and comes between too+ adjective and the to-infinitive phrase. 2. Too much I many + noun is used to emphasize that there is I are a lot more of thing(s). They had eaten too much food to go jogging in the park. 3. Much too+ adjective/adverb is used to emphasize that there is a lot more of a particular quality than wanted or than is right. This study is much too comprehensive for Carlos Sanchez to handle.


1. The chess championships at the school are popular events that the auditorium is always packed on tournament days. (A) so (C) such

(B) huge (D) too

2. Considering that the job was done in a rush, the director was

satisfied with the results .

(A) too

(B) such

(C) far

(D) very

3. Relative to the average gross revenue , taxes in the area are businesses to handle. (A) much too (C) so

heavy for the smaller (B) such (D) much

Answers: p. 550

n

..."'

"'a. ""'

08 0

Other Adverbs

Also/too/as well/either • Also com es at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence, not at the end . 1 have shares in Amsun , Eurotech , and also Taiba. Each character represents a syllable of spoken Chinese and also has a meaning . • Too and as well come at the end of a sentence. There will be workshops offered next month too. Mary wants to apply for the position as well . • Either is used in a negative sentence after another negative sentence has been mentioned , meaning the same as also / too . Luis won 't be going to the dinner party; Pedro won't be going either.

8

Later /thereafter I since • Later means after the time mentioned or at some time in the future / after now. He was questioned about the scandal five months later. Why don't we talk this over later? • Thereafter is formally used , meaning from a specific time onward, or simply, after that. Sally left and her package was delivered shortly fatef. thereafter ~ Without a time unit, later means at some time in the future , which does not correspond with the context. • Since means from a p articular time in the past until a later time. Anne Keating was promoted and has since worked as head accountant.

@) Forward expresses the state of something, while ahead expresses directions. The director is working hard to push the company aftea6. forward ~ Push something forward means to continue with an activity in a determined way, especially when it is difficult. They all knew that the days forward would be tiresome. ahead ~ The days ahead means the days in the future.


1. Ms. Peters thought the designs were marvelous, but she needs to see what they would look like in a display window. (A) not only (C) also

(B) either (D) as well

2. The plane will take off at about 3:15 p.m., and a light snack will be served to the passengers shortly (A) later (C) already

(B) thereafter (D) suddenly

3. When Bernal became the CEO, we considered it a great step because a woman was finally guaranteed formal say in company policy. (A) ahead (C) towards

(B) forward (D) backward Answe rs: p. 550

HACKERS PRACTICE

•••••••••••


01 The design department has not (still/yet) finished constructing the model for the client's proposed building project.

02 Acting as the vice president of such a large company was (so/such) stressful that she retired early. 03 They prepared (much too / too much) food , believing that many people would be participating . 04 Fax the billing information to headquarters by 5 p.m .; (otherwise/however) , we won't receive the payment on time .

05 Mrs. Jensen was (such / very) pleased with her new high-rise office on 5th Avenue .

06 Evans Construction is a leading contracting company that provides bidding, contracting , and (also/ as well) architectural support.

07 She was called away for an emergency meeting (ever I right) before the performance was about to start. .....


0

m

n

."'"'

a.

:::J

"'

08 Cocoa is exported wide to nearly every part of the world. 09 The actual annual report figures came closely to this year's production estimates. 10 Investors want the company to be sufficiently strong before they consider putting money into it. 11 The Christmas bonus, based on the company's yearly net profit, was divided impartiality between laborers and supervisors.

12 Mr. Jenkins final agreed to holding the meeting in the Grand Hotel. 13 The three-stage interview process helps administrators decide exactly which applicant is right for which position.

14 Morale among the staff has been raised substantial by the new espresso machine in the lounge. Answers: p. 550

HA C K E R S

T ES

T


Part 5 01 Mrs. Dorsey is

being considered for a promotion to the position of head manager for the company's technology division . (A) present (C) presenter

(B) presently (D) presentation

02 The new PowerPoint software is the most

08 Although the restaurant is

new, it has already been praised by Food Review and most of other restaurant rating services . (A) relatively (C) relative

(B) related (D) relatedly

09 Consumer views are becoming an

advanced presentation program on the market today .

important factor in determining the way a product is presented and packaged.

(A) high (C) highly

(A) increase (C) increasing

(B) higher (D) highest

03 The drafting programs available at our firm are too advanced for the trainees to use. (A) well (C) far

(B) quite (D) pretty

(B) increased (D) increasingly

10 We cannot always guarantee that everything in our catalog is in stock at our outlets, so please call to make sure. (A) ahead (C) if

(B) before (D) advance

04 Anonymous Writers is less expensive than

11 A number of large investment projects have

the Writers ' Consortium, and its work is as dependable.

sprung up in rural areas where agriculture is the main industry.

(A) as well (C) just

(A) lateness

(B) late

(C)I~er

(~l~e~

(B) very (D) while

05 Electric service will be restored as as possible after the power outage problem on the second floor has been resolved. (A) quick (C) quicken

(B) quickly (D) quickness

06 Two multimillion-dollar corporations are attempting to reach an agreement over the sale of one of the country's biggest banks. (A) still (C) besides

(B) once (D) any more

12 To register for your online account, proceed to the website and click on the 'sign up' button . (A) simply (C) simplify

(B) simple (D) simplicity

13 Sales of the new vacuum cleaner have gone beyond our initial estimate and we have decided to increase production . (A) therefore (C) although

(B) however (D) in contrast

14 All purchases made on the company credit 07 Mr. Richards is such a dedicated supervisor that he works night and day and ever takes time to relax. (A) quite (C) nearly

(B) just (D) hardly

card should be listed statement. (A) direct (C) directed

on the monthly (B) directly (D) directing

Cl

"' )>

15 Drivers are constantly reminded by the head office to pull over as rest during long shifts. (A) almost (C) well

as necessary to

(A) equal (C) equality

(B) often (D) always

19

16 Copies of the popular children's book had been placed on bookstore shelves for not several hours when they sold out. (A) quite (C) still

18 Had the profits been shared among the leading salesmen, there wouldn't be the fuss that there is now.

(B) many (D) only

(B) equally (D) equalize

(B) Because (D) Besides

17 The task force spent an entire day selecting

(A) closer (C) closely

(B) closest (D) close

"'

serving as president of the Board of the Gillmore Corporation , Mr. Bennett also works as a consultant to a few medium-size companies . (A) Else (C) As long as

applications that most matched the requirements of the positions being offered.

s: s: )>

20 The fat content of food products sold in supermarkets should be labeled much more to allow people to make informed decisions. (A) clear (C) clearing

(B) clearly (D) clearness

•

Part 6 Questions 21-23 refer to the following letter. Marsha Berger Medical Supplies Division Tyrrell Manufacturing

-< 0

m

n

.."'"'

c..

Dear Ms . Berger,

"

I am writing to inform you that I will be unable to attend the conference in New Jersey, as our company is currently undergoing restructuring, making it impossible for me to leave Portland . I am eager your proposals for incorporating your products into our own line of merchandise. 21 (A) discussing (B) discuss (C) to discuss (D) discussion , you will be attending the next conference in July in Austin , allowing us to get together 22 (A) Almost (C) Mostly

(B) Already (D) Presumably

and discuss our prospects

. I believe both companies are headed in the same direction

23 (A) soon (C) usually

(B) nearly (D) often

and a joint venture would be highly beneficial. Therefore, I look forward to the opportunity to meet with you at the next conference , unless otherwise informed. Sincerely, Justin White Garnet Distribution Answers: p. 550

Basic Points

Most often , prepositions come before nouns. Based on their meanings, they are divided into prepositions of time, place, reason , purpose, manner, etc. We had dinner at a Korean restaurant. The city hosts a jazz festival in the summer. It is usually colder on the beach because of the breeze. At , in , and because of in the above sentences are prepositions of place, time, and reason respectively . Prepositions can take nouns, pronouns, gerunds, or noun clauses as their objects. The structure preposition + object is cal led a prepositional phrase. I bought a gift for you . (Preposition + pronoun) I am going to work late tonight instead of working this weekend . (Preposition + gerund) He told the story to whomever he met. (Preposition + noun clause)

As an adjective, a prepositional phrase modifies a noun, and as an adverb , it modifies a verb. The box on the table is empty.

+

I

I exercise in the evening.

+

I

As an adjective, the prepositional phrase on the table modifies the noun the box, and as an adverb, the prepositional phrase in the evening modifies the verb exercise .


www.nhantriviet.com

01 0

Preposition In I At/On

Preposition of time in I at I on

,.---

G\

----

)>

Examples -----in 2008

Usage Prepositions months, years, seasons, centuries, in August in periods of time , parts of day in winter in three days (morning , afternoon, evening)

8

"' ;;:: ;;:: )>

in the 21st century in the morning/afternoon/evening

at

at noon/night/midnight specific times, times of day (noon, at 7 o'clock night, midnight, midday) , points of at the beginning/end of the month time

on

days, dates, special holidays

on August 15

on Friday

"'

on Christmas Day

Preposition of place in/at/on Prepositions in at on

Usage ----an enclosed space I area a specific location a flat surface

-------

Examples in the world/country in the city/room/town at the bus stop at the intersection at the station at Franklin Street on the table on the Han River on the first floor I level on the wall

Note: In means inside a place or an area, while at refers to the whole place/building/area. · I was~ the shop when he came in. I stopped~ the shop on the way home.

•

@) Common expressions with in I at I on The preposition in/at/on is used to refer to not only a time or place but also a state , condition , rate , etc. Below are some common expressions with in/at/on. Prepositions in

at

on

Expressions --~-------~ in time in a sales event in place in the sales department in a campaign experience in a relevant field at once at a good pace at times at high speed at least at a low price at the latest at 60 miles an hour at regular intervals at your earliest convenience on time on the waiting list on a regular basis on the recommendation of


1. The interchange with the real estate consultant is expected to take place tomorrow afternoon 4:00. (A) on (C) to

(B) at (D) for

--<

0

m

in the com ing year in the foreseeable future the rate of the age of a charge of one's expense

seller in Springfield, we are going to test-market it 25 major cities across the US. (B) in (D) to

3. All of the drilling machines are

place and ready to begin oil production at the command of the chief executive. (A) at (C) in

(B) on (D) for Answers: p. 550

www.nhantriviet.com

a. =>

at at at at

2. If our new low-fat potato chip becomes a hot

(A) on (C) against

n

.."'"'

Chapter 16 Prepositions - 175

"'

02 0

Prepositions of Time

Prepositions that show a point of time since until/by

from . + a point of time (3 o'clock, July, Friday morning , etc.) before I pnor to

The project team leader would like to see us before 5:00 p.m . Notes: 1. Until means up to a particular time or event; by means not later than . The library will be open until 7. {.' This sentence means the library will stay open up to 7 o'clock. You should submit the report by 7. 1• This sentence means the report should be submitted not later than 7 o'clock. 2. Below are some common expressions expressing a point of time. three weeks from now three weeks prior to the date >:·~i;

8

from 3 o'clock onward(s)

·_..::

Prepositions that show a period of time or a duration for / during over/through/throughout + a period of time (three years , a decade, holiday, process, etc.) within She has been using English for ten years. Pete guided the employees through the training process. Notes: 1. For expresses how long something has lasted; during indicates when something happens, meaning from the beginning to the end of a particular period. The mechanic has been working on the project for two years. Countless.foreigners travel to Italy during the Christmas season. 2. In can also precede a period of time, meaning no more than/within. Your application for membership will be processed i.!! two days.

@) Identifying a point of time or a duration to use prepositions correctly I will have this done wi#tffl the end of the month. by ~ The end of the month is a point of time , so by is used.

We have been married sffiee two years . for ~ Two years is a period of time , so for is used .

TOEIC Questions Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C) , or (D) best completes the sentence.

1. Because fewer than five people have registered for the Computer Graphics Workshop to be held two weeks now, the training department manager has decided to cancel the event. (A) until (C) from

(B) before (D) for

2. The rental deposit must be transferred to the landlord's bank account at least fifteen days the moving-in date.

(A) by (C) prior to

(B) until (D) due to

3. To have any broken parts replaced without charge, the registration form must be mailed to the company one month of product purchase. (A) from (C) until

(B) within (D) by

Answers: p. 550 7 -

rlmn

03 0

Prepositions of Place

Prepositions of place Examples

Prepositions

He lifted his hands above/over his head.

above/over below I under

Look in the cupboard below I under the sink.

beside I next to

I sat down beside/next to my wife.

behind

There is a park right behind the building.

between I among

There's a table between a chair and a bookshelf. The midday meal was served between 2 and 4 o'clock. They walked among the crowds .

near within

I'd like to sit near a window. All staff should be aware of activitfes within the company. The profit of this year increased within 5 percentage points of its competitors .

around

Some of the travelers wanted to walk around the night market.

Notes: 1. Between is used when there are two people/things/places, while among is used when there are · more than two of them. 2. Besides indicating a position/location, above / over also means more than and below / under means less than. You have to be over 18 to see this film. You can't see this film if you'~e under 18.

8

Common expressions with over/under/between/within/around In addition to showing a place, the preposition over/under/between/within/around can be used to refer to a state, connection, relationship , etc . Below are some common expressions with these prepositions.

Prepositions over under

between

-<

Expressions

~------------------------------------------------------~----~ have the edge over under under under under under

new management close supervision current contract control pressure

under under under under under

within a radius of

within the organization

around the world

around the corner

1. A recent study mentions that prescription drug use has steadily increased people aged 45 years and above over the past two decades. (A) among (C) between

(B) within (D) around

'"c..

"

2. The annex to the office building on Lester Avenue will be

construction until April.

(A) in (C) on

(B) by (D) under

3. Last summer's heavy precipitation levels caused sales of beachwear to fall 20 percent normal. (A) after (C) behind

(B) below (D) around Answers: p. 551

• . ····•

L_._,.__• . . _.._ - -

n

<0

a difference/gap between A and B

around

0

m

"' "'

investigation review consideration discussion development

within

Decide which of the choices - (A), (8), (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence.

•• •

04 0

Prepositions of Direction

Prepositions of direction Prepositions ...--------------~ Ex :..;;a~m ...;:.:. pf:..:e.:. s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _-1 from The copy can be obtained from the office. to

They will send the package to your client.

across through along

We walked across the ice. 1 walked through the woods. Newman walked along the street.

for toward(s)

I'm leaving for Susan. She walked toward me. We moved all the luggage into the room. I took the key out of my pocket.

into out of

8

Common expressions with from/to/along/across/out of Besides indicating direction, from also shows who gave the opinion , to refers to a state , out of is used with the meaning without I beyond the range or limit of, etc. Below are some common expressions with from I to I along I across I out of. Expressions

Prepositions from

from one's viewpoint

to

to the relief of to one's satisfaction

to a great extent to your heart's content

along across

along the shore across the street

along the side of across from the post office

out of

out out out out

out of reach out of print out of control

of of of of

date room season paper

out of order out of stock out of town

·~·


1. Subscribers to the online newsletter were informed that their names would be removed the list if they did not reply to the e-mail asking if they wished to be retained . (A) to (C) for

to my knowledge

(B) from (D) of

2. The new highway, which will run

the mountains, is expected to cause irreversible damage to wildlife and the ecosystem. (A) through (C) out

(B) during (D) against

3. This product should be kept

reach of children as it contains many toxic agents. (A) away with (C) up until

(B) out of (D) without Answers : p. 551


www.nhantriviet.com

05

Prepositions of Reason, Concession, Purpose, Exception, and Addition Cl

0

"';;::: )>

Prepositions of reason, concession, and purpose

;;:::

Prepositions because of due to owing to on account of

)>

Examples

"'

l We were late because of the rain . Due to the rise in the cost of fuel , all living expenses will increase.

despite in spite of with all

Despite a poor economy, the shop has been doing well.

for

The club is hosting a party for all its members.

Note: Below are some common expressions w1th the prepos1t1on for. · for your convenience for future use for further information articles for sale acoupon for every $100 . .,

~r

"

.v

·--~_,..:::r,...;._!t·.•~t4:ii',\i::._AC d.,.t,,.,."'

... J #:c:t.i.•~·,._,

1"'

.t

~"..i..,.Jl.,..•.~-;_~

_

,,~

for safety reasons money for supplies -

•_.

,,

,,,_~-1=~-Efu:;,h,.;;:

"'.J.!,:t.;:,(;..,~._.•••. -.;:,_{.,._t."'""

"'"'

@ Prepositions of exception and addition Prepositions

Examples

except (for) excepting aside from apart from

I cleaned all the rooms except (for) the bathroom .

barring without but for

We should arrive at 10 o'clock, barring any unexpected delays. I would have been in real trouble but for your help.

instead of

Use graphics instead of words.

in addition to besides apart from

In addition to the new offices, the building has a coffee house on the fi rst floor. Besides writing summaries , she proofreads all of the professor's work.

--<

0

m

n

"'~

c..

Note: When except precedes a clause, there is no preposition for after it. 1 don't know anything about wme, except for that (- except that) I like it. ·i> That I like it is a clause, so ther,e is no preposition for after except. •.

Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D)- best completes the sentence.

1. The staff is planning to hold a farewell gathering an employee who served the company for over twenty years. (A) by (C) to

•

(B) for (D) from

2. The manager said that

any changes, the proposal would be presented at a special meeting of sustainable development organizations. (A) except (C) unless

(B) barring (D) because

3. Interest rates are falling

a governmental push to raise all mortgage rates for middle-class homeowners. (A) in spite of (C) even though

(B) according (D) in addition to Answers: p. 551

::> <0

06 0

Preposition Of and Others

The structure A of B ________E~x~a~m ~p ~l_ e_ s __________________-1

Usage

8

A is a noun, B is its implied subject.

the development of the company consent of the parent the retirement of our colleague

A is a noun , B is its implied object.

showing of his new movie the marketing of luxury brands the shipment of wine the utilization of health care services

A and Bare appositives .

a chance of meeting someone new the idea of producing handbooks a balance of 100 dollars

A is part of B.

this area of the city the end of the month the employees of the branch

Prepositions for drawing people's attention to a particular subject about as to concerning with I in regard to

on as for regarding with respect to

over

with/in reference to

The following are frequently asked questions concerning the internship program. We take pride in complying with all regulations with regard to food safety.


1. The independent audit of the company is expected to be concluded by the end this month . (A) in (C) of

(B) by (D) on

2. Dr. Wilson will attend the workshop to moderate a panel discussion technology.

(A) by (C) on

ethics of new medical

(B) to (D) with

3. A dispute

workers' rights has caused union members employed at the factory to walk out in a week-long strike. (A) over

(C) of

(B) above (D) along

Answers: p. 551 180 - Hackers TOEIC Reading

www.nhantriviet.com

07

Other Prepositions

0 Other prepositions Prepositions -------~-------Examples by through throughout

Authenticated access is obtained by providing a valid name and password. Competence is achieved through training . Heavy rains have increased the water level behind dams throughout the country.

with without

The children will discuss it with their teacher. Headphones will enable you to listen to the music without disturbing anyone.

as

He had served as a section director at the Ministry of Education.

like unlike

Like jogging , walking should have a steady and continuous motion . Swimming, unlike jogging, is ideal for any age or physical ability.

against

Some consumers have campaigned against the use of furs in luxury clothing.

beyond

Its functions go beyond what is necessary for an MP3 player.

following

Following the conference , the banquet for the delegation will be held.

plus

The newly launched mobile phone has all the same features plus digital music capabilities.

-

-

@ Common expressions with by/through/with/without/against/beyond

Prepositions by

Expressions

~----------------------~--------------------------~ by telephone / fax / mail by cash / check / credit card

through

by land through the use of

by law through cooperation

with without

with no doubt with the aim of

with no exception without paying

•• •

•• • --;

0

m

against beyond

against the law 1 beyond repair

act against one's will

r;

beyond one's capacity

"' "' <1)

Cl.

"


1. Dayton Electronics recommends that all customers keep their receipts proof of payment.

(A) as (C) on

(B) except (D) into

2. Companies can save hundreds on airfares computer linkups which allow for international meetings without leaving the office. (A) above

(B) through

~i~o

(~do~

3. Employees expressed content with their salaries and working hours the exception of those in packing, who requested a pay increase.

(A) like (C) for

(B) by (D) with Answers: p. 551

08

Common Expressions Formed by Verb I Adjective I Noun +

Preposition 0

Verb

+ preposition depend on (= rely on = count on) sympathize with wait for keep track of employ A as 8

account for add to comply with consist of contribute to

associate A with 8 congratulate A on 8 direct A to 8 return A to 8 transfer A to 8

They have only a few days left to comply with new regulations on factory safety. The public associates the company name with trust and reliability .

@ Adjective

+

preposition

absent from responsible for

consistent with contrary to

identical to similar to

equivalent to comparable to / with

Projects conducted by like organizations are similar to each other.

@) Noun

+

preposition

access to a cause I reason for permission from an effect/ impact/ influence on respect for a solution to

exposure to an advocate for I of a lack of concern about/for/over a problem with a dispute about/over a question about I concerning I regarding a decrease I an increase I a rise I a drop in

The client has a question regard ing the arrangements for the trip.

9

Fixed expressions of more than one preposition by means of in honor of

in place of in violation of

in charge of in observance of

in respect of on behalf of

Fred Sumner will be giving the speech in place of Mr. Trent, who is down with the flu .

Decide which of the choices - (A), (8) , (C) , or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1. Management has decided to transfer certain responsibilities formerly held by the administrative division the accounting department. (A) at

(B) by

(C) to

(D) of

2. Education for Children, Inc. has always been an advocate effective early education through home- and school-based programs. (A) to

(B) by

(C) for

(D) over

3. Ms. Turner asked us to use the original design for the product display ted by the team. (A) because (C) despite

the one submit(B) instead of (D) when Answers: p. 551


www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE

•• ••••••• •


01 The country has suffered from little investment (over I until) the past year as a result of political instability.

02 (Due to I Except for) rising oil prices, import prices went up by 16 percent in August. 03 In recent years, private investors have become increasingly attracted to this area (on/of) the city. 04 Requests for assistance via e-mail or live Internet support are only monitored (since/during) regular hours of operation . 05 (At/ Despite) a looming fiscal crisis, the country's economy has bounced back from a slump.

06 Workshops are offered (before/throughout) the year on a variety of job search tools and skills

•

including resume writing . 07 (Aside from/Long since) the acquisition costs, the manager anticipated additional costs for operational and restructuring expenses.

....

0

m

n

Decide whether each of the sentences below is correct or incorrect. If it is correct, write "correct"; if it is incorrect, point out the mistake{s) and provide {a) correction{s). 08 A recent report said consumer prices could exceed 4 percent on the end of the year. 09 Professionals on the academic community frequently immigrate to places where their skills earn a better reward.

10 Guests can put their valuables in the hotel's safety deposit boxes for safekeeping. 11 Until approximately twenty years , the national debt is forecast to jump to four trillion dollars .

12 In observance for Labor Day, all US exchanges will be closed on Monday, September 6. 13 All documentation on local cost payments, including tender documents, must be retained to the future . 14 The expansion project will be completed since December 15 and will be eligible for sales tax exemption . Answers: p. 551

."'"'

c..

"'"


T EST

HA C K ERS Part 5

01 The company ann iversary party will take place August 26 , so please mark the date on your calendars . (A) in (C) on

08 The data will be posted on a secure passwordprotected server that is accessible exclusively authorized staff members. (A) for (C) to

(B) at (D) for

02 The innovative website allows a traveler to

(B) within (D) over

09 Country Air offered free tickets to every pas-

search and find locations of interest that lie a fifty-m ile radius of the city.

senger that missed their flight malfunction in the plane's engine.

(A) among (C) into

(A) owed to (C) resulting in

(B) within (D) through

03 We need not remind everyone here today that

a

(B) thanks for (D) because of

10 Employees who are planning to extend holi-

mobile phones and pagers should be turned progress. off while the symposium is

day vacations with unused leave days must October 31. inform their supervisors

(A) at (C) over

(A) at (C) by

(B) on (D) in

04 The BCN Company will not accept applica-

11 Human resources personnel are trained to tell

tions for transfers to overseas branches the first of the month. (A) by (C) until

the differences a resolvable conflict and an irresolvable confrontation .

(B) when

(A) upon (C) during

(D) through

05 The Travel Holiday Group offers some of the

(B) for (D) until

(B) about (D) between

12 We are holding a dinner this evening to con-

best horseback tours the coast of the Eastern Mediterranean basin .

gratulate Mr. Brian Banks his thirty years with the Meyers Cold Cuts Company.

(A) into (C) under

(A) to (C) on

(B) along (D) among

06 The workshop teaches managers and em-

13

(B) of (D) from

ployees how to dispute someone else's ideas being disagreeable.

the last ten years, professional and business services comprised 38 percent of the total job growth in the Washington region.

(A) except (C) whereas

(A) In (C) Since

(B) without (D) otherwise

07 The director wants all of the items shipped by the end of the week, (A) regardless (C) regarding


of the cost. (B) regard (D) regarded

(B) On (D) While

14 As always, we here at Gray Consulting look forward assisting you with your future legal needs. (A) up (C) to

(B) in (D) on

www.nhantriviet.com

18 It would be better for business if we were

15 The company's payroll office is located the corne r of Faribault and 23rd Streets , across from the Trade Center.

associated at the embassy.

(A) at

(A) to

(C) of

(B) in (D) to

(C) with

16 Wageworks Corporation is planning to lay off as many as 1,000 employees next two years . (A) at (C) until

(B) on (D) for

19 Teen magazine is offering a special promotion , which entitles subscribers certificates at top clothing boutiques.

the

(A) in (C) to

(B) by

(D) over

17 Whatever your security needs, Armed Guard

gift

(B) on (D) at

20 The manager hopes to increase production introducing bonuses for all employees who improve their production quota.

provides 24 hours constant protection and service to our cl ients. (A) around (C) over

some of the trade officers

(A) by (C) since

(B) of (D) through

(B) from (D) about

Part 6 Questions 21-23 refer to the following advertisement.

PACIFIC Air Reaching for the Clouds As long-distance travel becomes more commonplace

improved living standards, airl ines (B) due to (C) in spite of (D) in place of

21 (A) as to

are taking action to attract customers , offering them a wide range of options . PACIFIC Air with thei r spectacular project are focusing on speed , safety and innovation to increase revenue . 22 (A) expansion (B) existence (C) exception (D) experience They have purchased five more double-deck jets and have refurbished their existing carriers with sofas, personal computers with DVD and game playing functions . Extra security measures 23 (A) comforted (B) comfortable (C) comfortableness (D) comfortably include buttons under armrests which report directly to security officers in the cockpit , and a personal phone system to make calls and speak with the flight staff. PACIFIC Air aims to attract families and groups of fou r or more through these added features . Answers: p. 551

• •

10J<

lAI\AilA,

..-..h~

........... :.,;,.... .. ..-..-. ..........

Section 5

Conjunctions and Clauses Chapter 17 - Coordinating Conjunctions, Correlative Conjunctions Chapter 18 - Noun Clauses Chapter 19 - Relative Clauses Chapter 20 - Adverb Clauses

Chapter 17 --

-------------·-

:~:#A

: .."i;)1:t;t;-J·

. --------

·------------·-··---~

----------···--------

-----

Coordinating Conjl1rction§, Correlati\74€ ConjunlCtions Basic Points Coordinating conjunctions , also known as coordinators, are used to join two sentences or two parts of a sentence that are grammatically equal. The two parts may be words, phrases, or clauses. Use fruits and vegetables that are ripe . The editor is responsible for collecting articles and publishing newsletters. It was raining , so I put on my raincoat. Repeated words in the phrases or clauses connected by a coordinating conjunction may be omitted. The only way to get (customers) and (to) keep customers is through service. They painted the wall and (they) fixed the window .

Correlative conjunctions always come in fixed pairs formed by a certain word with a coordinating conjunction , joining sentence elements that are grammatically equal. Tuna is sold as both steaks and fillets. You can make your payment either in person or by mail. It depends on neither who you are nor what you know .

188 - Hackers TOEJC Reading

www.nhantriviet.com

01 0

Coordinating Conjunctions

Below are the coordinating conjunctions in English. and

or

but

so

yet

for

nor ("')

0

.:. c=

Eating should be healthful and enjoyable. I will go camping or canoeing this weekend . There will be a party tonight, for he is retiring this week.

:::>

~

a· :::>

en

"':::>0.

Notes: 1. So and for join clauses only. They cannot join words or phrases. I had to stay home, for it was too cold. {0) His designs are bold so original. (X)

("')

iii' c= en CD en

2. When we combine two independent clauses, a connecting adverb (however, therefore , instead) or an ordinary adverb (also) cannot come in the position of a coordinating conjunction. 1 wanted to clear my thoughts, therefore (- so) I went for a walk. 3. And so/and yet/and then is the combination of the coordinating conjunction and with an adverb to make the meaning much clearer. She hates horror films and yet she went to see one anyway. -·~Lo-

'·''''""'····'-~

.

.

@ Coordinating conjunctions must be in line with the context. I will have a sandwich bttt a Diet Coke. and ~ The context requires an addition, not a contrast, so and is the suitable coordinating conjunction . She wants to see the play , se he prefers to watch soccer on television. but/yet ~ He and she have different interests, so the coordinating conjunction but or yet expressing a contrast is suitable in this context .

@ When the subjects in a sentence are joined by and, a plural verb is used. When the subjects

are joined by or, their verb must agree with the subject nearest to it. My boyfriend and I are going to the concert. subjects My boyfriend and I are connected by and , so the verb is in the plural form (are) .

~ The

I doubt that we or our teacher !§_ going to solve the problem . The subjects we and our teacher are connected by or, and our teacher is singular, so the verb is in the singular form (is).

~


1. The corporation's portfolio of clients consisted of representatives from 13 of the American states 25 countries worldwide . (A) in (C) by

(B) and (D) both

2. Your promotion offer is very appealing , I' m afraid that I can 't sacrifice my family life for my career. (A) so (C) besides

(B) but (D) therefore

3. Mark Melendy

Scott Drake is going to represent Balmar Associates at the branch meeting on Friday. (A) but (C) either

(B) and (D) or Answers: p. 551

•

02 0

Correlative Conjunctions

Below are the correlative conjunctions in English. either A orB not A but B = B but not A (= (only) B, not A)

both A and B neither A nor B not only A but (also) B (= B as well as A)

Payroll is located not on the first floor but near the elevator in the basement. The gift shop not only offered discounts but also gave away small souvenirs.

@ Every correlative conjunction must correctly be paired. The papers are either in my briefcase 8:1"1"6 under the books on my desk. or ~ Either ... or ... go together as a pair. Jack ei#let knows her nor wants to get to know her. neither ~ Neither ... nor ... go together as a pair.

@) The subjects connected by correlative conjunctions and the verbs in sentences must agree in

number. Verbs will agree with B

not A but B

Verbs will take the plural form

either A or B

neither A nor B

not only A but (also) B

j both A and B

Either bus or taxi ~ available from the airport. In the pair either ... or ... , the verb must agree with the subject nearest to it. Taxi is a singular noun , so the verb is in the singular form (is).

~

Both coffee and tea have long and historic pasts. pair both ... and ... requires a plural verb (have).

~ The


1. You can purchase a copy of his latest adventure novel either at a bookstore through popular bookstore websites. (A) or (C) and

(B) nor (D) also

2. Information will be presented on the means of global communication , but on presentation technology or sales marketing. (A) for (C) so

(B) nor (D) not

3. The director complained that the report submitted by the supervisor was lengthy but also too detailed. (A) only (C) not only

too

(B) not (D) either Answers:

p. 551

HACKERS PRACTICE

•••••••••••


("")

0

::::J

c:· ::::J <>

01 Brent tossed (but/ and) turned all night over whether or not to quit his job.

::::!:

0

::::J

"'

"'c. ::::J

02 She tried to reserve the hotel's conference room, (but/however) someone had already booked it.

("")

ill c:

"'ct> "' 03 Online customers can now use the website's order form (or I nor) fax for their order.

04 As coworkers , we see each other every day (and yet/therefore) we still find something to talk about.

05 John left for work early, (instead/for) he didn't want to risk being late again . 06 There are two receptionists, one by the elevator (so/ and) the other next to the entrance . 07 Andrea received an excellent evaluation this year (and so/ also) she is going to be given a raise.

•

Correct the mistakes in the following underlined parts.

.... 0 m

08 The company lounge is open to not only administrative staff and workers.

n

"'"'

"'a. :::0

09 I'd advise you neither to approach these clients too eagerly but rather cautiously.

""

10 The goal is not only to triumph and also to demoralize the competing corporations . 11 It is both you or me that has to fly to Tokyo to negotiate the contract. 12 The manager is neither receiving or returning calls this afternoon, as it's his day off. 13 If it were up to me, the office's entrance sign would be both red

~ brown.

14 Your salary can be either directly deposited also picked up at the payroll office.

Answers: p. 551

HA CKERS


T EST

Part 5 01 The Maxwell Byrd Company prides itself on

08 The chief executive is trying to decide whether

having established modern efficient procedures unmatched in the industry.

to assign an individual to evaluate last week's event.

(A) either (C) and

(A) so (C) or

(B) so (D) too

02 All examinees should bring

a driver's license or passport and a pencil to the testing center.

(A) or (C) both

(B) and (D) either

03 To prevent electricity outages in areas where

(B) but (D) nor

09 Better product advertising is needed that not only grabs the viewer's attention stimulates consumer desire to spend money. (A) or (C) and

(B) but (D) therefore

10 Candidates will be considered on the basis of

service is not read ily available, use major appliances before noon after 7 p.m.

their prior experience of dedication and loyalty.

(A) neither (C) either

(A) although (C) as well as

(B) nor (D) or

04 If you placed an order,

have not received your package, please wait two months from the day it was shipped before making an inquiry. (A) but (C) then

(B) also (D) even

an entire team

on their level

(B) based on (D) in addition

11 Your participation in

support of our charity benefit will help feed the thousands of starving children our company sponsors. (A) and (C) because

(B) so (D) however

12 The severance request has been processed by

05 The training staff was instructed neither to give handouts before the sessions to distribute the manuals until after the seminar had ended. (A) also (C) or

(B) nor (D) and

06 All of the workers were warned about wearing half of them masks in the laboratory, ignored the advisory and got sick. (A) yet (C) so

(B) by (D) both

the head office, department as of yet. (A) also (C) but

not by the accounting (B) or (D) unless

13 At the end of Sarah's first month of employment, the company evaluated her daily performance and her total month's production . (A) either (C) plus

(B) both (D) so

14 This project began almost five months ago 07 The new interior design of the office has both increased employee productivity drawn many positive remarks from the clients. (A) or (C) like 192 - Hackers TOEIC Reading

(B) yet (D) and

is expected to be finished in December. (A) or (C) and

(B) so (D) but

www.nhantriviet.com

15 Our store will be refinanced ,

to save on long-term interest rates and to ensure a solid credit rating. (A) either (C) neither

(A) and (C) but

(B) both (D) not only

16 The company will have performance reviews

(B) or (D) so

19 You can either submit your application by e-mail by post.

over the next few weeks , the manager is going to inform all employees of the review process. (A) since (C) or

18 Make sure that not only the agenda the annual report have been put into the envelopes for each of the directors as well.

send the needed information

(A) or

(C) nor

(B) but (D) so

(B) and (D) also

20 All new computer technicians should receive 17 The restaurant critic advised patronizing the newly opened Greek restaurant nor the 20-year-old grilled food eatery. (A) and (C) with

(B) either (D) neither

and up-to-date training in the use and maintenance of state-of-the-art equipment. (A) adequacy (C) adequateness

(B) adequate (D) adequately

•

• .... 0 m

,...,

Part 6 Questions 21-23 refer to the following announcement.

"" "'"'c.. ::> 10

The Asia-Market Builders Association , Asia's oldest construction worker sourcing agency, is happy . With foreign investments in China and other Asian countries to announce that it is

21 (A) closing (C) expanding

(B) exceeding (D) lifting

increasing , the agency is actively seeking permanent carpenters , ironworkers, and electricians. The workers being sought, according to Mr. Hwang Wei , would be of the highest competence , professionally and personally. Mr. We i also said that the likelihood that these workers

22 (A) not only (C) as well as

(B) with (D) both

may be placed in other countries once the present projects are completed is very high . In fact , construction demand over the next five years in Asia will require as many as 10,000 well-trained builders. As such , it is preferred that the workers who apply be very in their particular trade. 23 (A) skills (C) skilled

(B) skillful ly (D) skill Answers: p. 551

Basic Points

In a sentence, a noun clause can come in the position of the subject, object, or complement. What she read was a story by E.B. White. I know that he is innocent. My question is whether he is telling the truth. What she read comes in the position of the subject of the first sentence. In the second sentence, that he is innocent comes in the position of the object of the verb know . In the last sentence, whether he is telling the truth comes in the position of the subject complement.

A noun clause is formed by noun clause conjunction ( + subject) + verb. I can't tell whether you are bored or entertained . What makes him happy is the desire for art. Whether you are bored or entertained is the object of the verb tell. It is formed by the noun clause conjunction (whether) + subject (you) + verb (are). What makes him happy comes in the position of the subject of the sentence. It is formed by the noun clause conjunction (what) + verb (makes). Noun clause conjunctions include that , if / whether, interrogative words who , what , which , when , where , how , why, and compound relative pronouns whoever, whatever, whichever, etc.



01 0

Positions of Noun Clauses

In a sentence, a noun clause -just like a noun - can come in the position of the subject, object, or complement. Subject Object of a verb Object of a preposition Complement

(")

Whether we have to work or not is unclear. Daniel said that you had the file. The group talked about how the accident occurred. The problem is who will bring a car for tomorrow's trip .

0

2 . c: :::J

~

c;· :::J

"' 0>

:::J

a. (")

Q)

Note: A that-clause may also come 1n the position of the direct object of trans1t1ve verbs 1n Structure 4. The landlord informed the tenant that the rent would have to be paid immediately. 1-,·. Informed is a transitive verb in Structure 4 . Its Indirect object is the tenant, and its d1rect object is the that-clause.

'

c:

"'CD

"'

i

@ Prepositions and object pronouns cannot come in the position of a noun clause conjunction. The committee agreed oo the next meeting would take place in Geneva. that ~ The preposition on cannot introduce the noun clause the next meeting would take place in Geneva. The noun clause starting with that must be used . He explained it the contract must be approved at this meeting. that ~ The object pronoun it cannot introduce the noun clause the contract must be approved at this meeting. The noun clause starting with that must be used .

• -<

0

m

n

.."'"'

c. =>

"'

Decide which of the choices - (A), (B) , (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1. The company's press relations officer confirmed Selectric, Inc. would no longer be manufacturing pagers. (A) about (C) that

(B) of (D) it

2. The banking industry reported

the

past year saw a 1 0 percent increase in international wire transfers.

(A) about (C) on

(B) this (D) that

3. Please submit your picks for employee of the month so that our manager can decide will be given the award.

(A) those (C) who

(B) them (D) while Answers: p. 551

02 0

Noun Clauses Introduced by That

A noun clause introduced by that can come in the position of the subject, object of a verb complement, or appositive in a sentence. ' Subject Object of a verb Complement Appositive

8

That he won the first prize is hardly surprising. I know that you didn't lie. The best thing about this guitar is that it stays in tune. The claim that he stole the car is true. [the claim = he stole the car]

Adjectives preceding a that-clause be aware that be sorry that

be glad I happy that be convinced that

be sure that be afraid that

The applicant is aware that the director is not in today. The librarian is sure that the book was stolen .

@) Nouns preceding a that-clause as an appositive fact that news that rumor that

statement that report that claim that

opinion that idea that confirmation that

truth that (re)assurance that

The radio commentator announced the news that oil prices would increase . The entire company was surprised by the report that their factory would have to shut down.

Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence. 1.

Alice Diaz was willing to work over the weekends to ensure the success of the ceremony is evidence of her devotion to her work. (A) That (C) Since

(B) But

(D) After

2. Mr. Forster was convinced his decision to sell his shares had been the right one when the value of the stock plunged the next day. (A) which (C) about

(B) that (D) of

3. During the meeting, the manager referred to the business was losing the rumor money. (A) then (C) which

(B) that (D) how Answers: p. 551


www.nhantriviet.com

03 0

Noun Clauses Introduced by If/Whether

Both the conjunctions if and whether (or not) are used when the noun clause is formed from a Yes/No question. In a sentence, a noun clause introduced by if/whether can come in the position of the subject, object, or complement. Subject Object of a verb Object of a preposition Complement

Whether we succeed is not important. I will check if the movie is playing. I can't answer the question of whether or not computers can think. The question is whether this is true .

Notes: 1. The clause starting with Whether can also function as an adverb clause. meaning it is not important

" 0

2 . c:

:::1

~

c;· :::1

en

"'c. :::1

(")

;;;

c: en en

"'

if...

Whether you like it or not, I'm coming to see you. 2. In conditional sentences. the conjunction if cannot be replaced by whether because in this case the if-clause is an adverb clause, meaning under the condition that ... , not a noun clause. They will send you a catalog whether (- if) you ask. ·::· They will send you a catalog under the condition that you ask for it. This is a conditional sentence, so if must be used.

@ The fixed phrase whether A orB/whether or not is commonly used. If cannot replace whether . I don 't know if she likes me or hates me. whether ~ If cannot replace whether. I can't tell if or not an e-mail message is spam. whether ~ If cannot replace whether.

-<

@) An if-clause can come neither in the position of a subject nor after a preposition.

0

m

n

+f we succeed is not important. Whether ~ The if-clause cannot come in the position of the subject, so If must be changed to Whether. I'm confused about if we should invite everyone in the class. whether ~ The if-clause cannot come after the preposition, so if must be changed to whether.


1. Ms. Owen still isn't sure

she will open a production plant in South America to cut down the cost of labor. (A) if (C) however

(B) though (D) while

•

2. She is still thinking about whether

to boost the office's computer systems with the latest software programs. (A) or (C) and

(B) or not (D) and not

3. The committee is still deciding about to allocate funds for monthly training sessions for employees. (A) if (C) whether

(B) that (D) which Answers: p. 552

"' "'

"'c. ::>

""

04 0

Noun Clauses Introduced by an Interrogative Word

A noun clause may be introduced by the interrogative pronoun who, whose, what, or which that is the subject or object of the noun clause. Hence, the interrogative pronoun starts an incomplete clause. I don't know who typed the letter. What he said was unclear. I don't know which is better.

8

A noun clause may be introduced by the interrogative adjective whose, what, or which both modifying the noun following it and starting the noun clause that comes in the position of the subject or object of the sentence. Hence, the interrogative adjective starts an incomplete clause. I don't know whose car it is. What clubs you are in is not important. The discussion should be about which plan is better.

@) A noun clause may be introduced by the interrogative adverb when, where, how, or why. A

complete clause follows an interrogative adverb. The child will ask when she can start piano lessons. Where I found the book is a secret. You need to practice how you should handle client complaints . The shoppers wondered why the book was so expensive . Note: How go1ng with an adverb or ad1ect1ve starts a noun clause. The clerk w1ll tell me how much money I have to pay. Can you tell me how~eat vegetables? -

e

.

~

' I

~

The noun clause interrogative word + subject + should + verb may be changed to interrogative word+ to-infinitive (phrase). 1 have to decide what to do (= what I should do} first. They don't know when to stop (= when they should stop) . Note: Whether may also come in the position of the interrogative word in front of the to-infinitive (phrase). The director hasn't decided whether to release the report.

Decide which of the choices- (A), (B) , (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1. The manager wants to know prepared the employee profiles for the company website, as he finds them unprofessional and inappropriate. (A} how (C) which

(B) that (0} who

2. To make preparations for the event, the caterer asked

many people would be

present at the dinner. (A} about (C) how

(B) concerning (D) what

3. The company's lawyer will know

to do in this situation, so let's make an appointment

to see him. (A) what (C) which

(B) that (D) where Answers: p. 552

www.nhantriviet.com 198 - Hackers TOEIC Reading

05 0

Noun Clauses Introduced by a Compound Relative Pronoun

A noun clause may be introduced by a compound relative pronoun coming in the position of the subject or object of a sentence. A compound relative pronoun has a double function: it acts as the subject/object in its own clause and it also acts as a conjunction joining its clause to the rest of the sentence. Note that compound relative pronouns usually have no expressed antecedents.

C"> 0

2. c: ::I

whoever(= anyone who) whatever (= anything that)

~

whomever (= anyone whom) whichever (= anything that, anyone who)

c;· ::I

en

"' ::I

Subject Object

0.

Whoever(= Anyone who) answered the phone was very polite. You can select whatever (= anything that) you want.

C">

i'i> c: en

"'en

@ The compound relative pronoun is the subject or object of a noun clause, so an incomplete clause follows the compound relative pronoun. Whoever visits my website is asked for a username. Please choose whichever theme you like . @ The context is the factor that decides whether an interrogative pronoun or a compound relative pronoun must be used.

..,.,.'"' ::t:

Wfte did it was not an amateur. Whoever ~ The sentence refers to anyone who did it, not someone in particular, so whoever is more suitable.

"' ~

_,

0

m

n

Whoever did it was not important. Who ~ The sentence refers to someone in particular, so who is more suitable.

."'"'

c..

::1

"'

I'll take wftieft side you 're not using . whichever ~ The sentence refers to any side that the other person is not using , so whichever is more suitable. I have finally decided on whichever side I should choose . which ~ The sentence means among several sides, I have chosen one specific side, so which is more suitable.

Decide which of the choices- (A), (8), (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1.

2. The supervisor reminded us that

needed a certificate of employment for personal reasons should ask for Ms. Simon's assistance.

is said at this very private meeting is confidential and should not leave the room for any reason . (A) Whichever (C) Whenever

(B) Whatever (D) However

(A) who (C) whoever

3.

(B) whenever (D) whomever

team of sales representatives has sold the highest number of units will receive the Team of the Month award . (A) Which (C) Whichever

(B) Some

(D) These Answers : p. 552

www.nhantriviet.com

•

Chapter 18 Noun Clauses

199

06 0

Distinguishing between What and That

A clause introduced by what functions as a noun clause, while a that-clause may function as a noun clause, an adjective clause, or an adverb clause in a sentence. It's hard to decide what is right to do. ~ The what-clause is a noun clause which comes in the position of the object of the verb decide.

I knew that there was a shortage of ink cartridges. ~ The that-clause is a noun clause which comes in the position of the object of the verb know . I have a plan that will help you stop smoking. that-clause modifies the noun plan , so it is an adjective clause.

~ The

The movie was so funny that I watched it twice. that-clause following so / such is an adverb clause.

~ The

8

When a what-clause and a that-clause function as a noun clause, what starts an incomplete clause and that starts a complete clause. I want to know what makes you happy. itself is the subject of the noun clause, so it starts an incomplete clause .

~ What

That you need more money is obvious. starts a noun clause, so following it is a complete clause.

~ That

'

TOEIC Questions Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence. 1. As an advertiser, it is absolutely vital to understand most customers expect and want from manufacturers. (A) how (C) what

(B) that (D) whether

'

'

2. lmplementers understand

they cannot use company funds earmarked for project expenses on rest and recreation . (A) about (C) what

(B) it (D) that

3. New computer programs have made it so much easier to store information in databases even a novice can compile one from a given set

of data. (A) that (C) what

(B) there (D) when Answers: p. 552

Hackers Skill

What cannot start an adjective clause (also known as a relative clause) or an adverb clause.

I'm listening to a CD what (- that) came out last week. It was such a lovely day what (- that) it was a pity to get up.


www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE

•• •••••••••


01 It is definite (that/what) she will commence with the presentation tomorrow.

02 It is not certain (whose/which) of the representatives will be sent to one of our important clients. 03 Investors are afraid (that/what) the war on terror will cause stock shares to plummet.

04 They questioned her regarding her skills instead of (if /whether) she had the appropriate experience.

05 (Who/Whoever) has an interest in the position of field manager should send a resume to the main office.

06 It is difficult to know (that/what) to expect on the first day of a job. 07 He was of the opinion (that/which) the marketing team needed a new leader.

Identify the noun clause and state its position in each sentence.

• •• • --<

0

m

n

08 Suppliers will have to decide when the time is right to make a change.

.,"'"' a. =>

""

09 How the company manages to stay afloat with all its debt is a mystery.

10 The motorists were concerned about what roads had been blocked due to the accident. 11 New office chairs are what the receptionists have requested numerous times. 12 The company was founded on the idea that quality service should be provided to everyone . 13 The accountant doesn't understand why 10 percent of profit must go to pension funds. 14 The fact is that some exports will have to be cut back because of inventory shortages.

Answers: p. 552

HAC K ERS

T EST

C? Time limit: 11 minutes

Part 5 01

the holiday is only going to last three days is a disappointment to the entire staff. (A) What (C) Although

02

(B) That (D) So

Our supervisor wants to know the final revisions will be made to the contract. (A) on (C) which

(B) about (D) when

03 At 6:00,

club members joining the special clambake at the beach should be at the entrance of the Lakeside Center. (A) all (C) when

(B) somewhat (D) whichever

08 When questioned as to

he was planning to work for the competition, Mr. Graham said he would always be loyal to Sanford and Sons. (A) whenever (C) whether

(B) while (D) whereas

09 We want all staff to be aware

security codes will be changed on the following Monday. (A) concerning (C) that

(B) of (D) which

10 Please remember

the vacation policy has been changed this year. (A) that (C) if

(B) when (D) what

04 The major issue we face is the fact within the next month our spending will exceed the budget. (A) that (C) rather than

(B) coming from (D) what

11 Next week's workshop will focus on to be an effective and trustworthy leader in the corporate world . (A) which (C) what

(B) how (D) that

05 As the manager of the hotel, I can assure you that room you choose will be of the highest standards. (A) these (C) whose

(B) some (D) whichever

12 A key to closing a deal is to realize knowing how to negotiate means having a sense of how people think and feel. (A) so that (C) and that

(B) in that (D) that

06 The tailor shop is requesting the customer to return the expensive suits were mistakenly packed with his purchase . (A) what (C) this

07

(B) whoever (D) that

Doctor William will give a speech at the Remand Hotel remains undecided. (A) About (C) Whether

(B) Before (D) It

13 Employees are reminded

they should limit their use of office supplies , as budget cuts will be taking effect immediately. (A) if (C) still

14 Although staff members have some leeway when it comes to daily activities, the supervisor determines tasks get done by whom . (A) when (C) what


(B) that (D) yet

(B) whoever (D) whose

www.nhantriviet.com

18 The chairman of Rochelle Petrochemicals is of

15 The new employees wondered they would be given health care and some benefits. (A) whom (C) that

the opinion the new manufacturing plant will not significantly affect the environment. (A) then (C) how

(B) if (D) what

16 Martin's job is so demanding

he takes occasional three-day leave to get away from the pressures of office work. (A) that (C) what

17

(D) where

leaves the office last will be required to make sure all the lights are off and lock all doors behind them . (A) Who (C) Whose

19 We will be holding a meeting this afternoon to

(B) Whom (D) Whoever

(B) as (D) how

Questions 21-23 refer to the following letter. Th is is in reply to your letter of complaint dated September 25. We credited your account for the amount wh ich you disputed in your communication . However, one of our employees later gave you you have the correct amount in another credit for the same situation . Could you check

21 (A) wh ere (C) whereas

(B) though (D) whether

the extra amount. The adjustment should

22 (A) withdrawn (C) aboli shed

(B) retreated (D) foregone

be reflected in your October account statement, which was sent out yesterday. apologize for our mistake and any difficulty it may have caused .

23 (A) sincerity (C) sincere

en

"'c. :::0

C"")

OJ c: en en

"'

(D) there

Part 6

We

:::0

(B) those

20 For those who have made an investment, happens during the first year is an important indicator of how successful the company will be. (A) that (C) what

your account? To remedy the problem , we have

:::0

~

c;·

decide needs to be revised before the report goes to print. (A) what (C) whether

(B) there

(B) that (D) when

C"")

0

2 . c:

(B) most sincere (D) sincerely

EMILY CAMACHO Senior Accountant An swers: p. 552

•

Basic Points

A relative clause functions as an adjective and modifies a preceding noun (also known as an antecedent). The woman who lives next door is ki nd. I found a shop where I can get a discount. Who lives next door and where I can get a discount function as an adjective modifying their antecedents (the woman and a shop). These relative clauses are also called adjective clauses.

Relative clauses are divided into two types: defining and non-defining . A defining relative clause is used to clearly define who or what is being referred to. Without this information, it would be difficult to know who or what is being mentioned. A non-defining relative clause provides additional information which is not essential to understanding the meaning of a sentence. Defining relative clause Non -defining relative clause

I have two sisters who are teachers . I have two sisters, who are teachers .

In the first sentence, the defining clause who are teachers defines the two sisters. It can be inferred that besides these two sisters, the speaker may also have other sisters who are not teachers. In the second one, the non-defining clause who are teachers adds more information to the two sisters. It can be understood that the speaker has on ly two sisters and they are both teachers . A non -defining relative clause may modify the whole sentence before it. Charlie became a lawyer, which surprised his friends .

A relative clause is formed by relative pronoun (subject) relative adverb + subject + verb.

+ verb or

The reporter met the designer, who is now the company's president. The bookstore has a cafe where you can enjoy classical music. In the first sentence, the antecedent designer is mod ified by the relative clause formed by the relative pronoun (who) + verb (is). Who cou ld be seen as conjunction + pronoun (and he / she). In the second sentence, the antecedent a cafe is modified by the relative clause formed by the relative adverb {where) + subject (you) + verb (can enjoy). Where could be seen as conjunction + adverb (and there). Relative pronouns include who , whom , whose , which , that ; relative adverbs are when , where , why, how. 204 - Hackers TOEIC Reading


01

Positions and Functions of Relative Clauses Cl

0

"' :;::: )>

A relative clause can come between the subject and verb or at the end of a sentence.

:;::: )>

"'

The tourists whom Eric guided were from Germany. I can 't find the book which was on the desk.

(")

0

2. c:

::::0

Note: Unlike adverb clauses, relat1ve clauses cannot come before and mod1fy the whole sentence. ~. the library is comfortable for reading. (X) . .

~

i5" ::::0

"'

""a. ::::0

(")

8

ii>

Other adverbs or pronouns cannot be used in place of relative adverbs or pronouns which start a relative clause.

c:

"'

"' "'

Fill out the application forms, tftese are available online. which ~ The pronoun those cannot start the relative clause. The relative pronoun which must be used. We often go to a restaurant tftere we can eat hearty meals. where ~ The adverb there cannot start the relative clause . The relative adverb where must be used .

@ It is important to use relative pronouns correctly. Do not confuse a relative pronoun starting a relative clause and a conjunction starting a noun clause. I know the boy wftat broke this fence. who ~ This sentence needs a relative clause to modify the noun the boy, so the relative pronoun who must be used . I know whe the boy did to the fence . what ~ This sentence needs a noun clause to be the object of the verb know, so the noun clause conjunction what must be used.

• --<

0

~

n

e

"' "'"'a. """

Only a finite verb (a verb that is conjugated) can be used in a relative clause. The company will reply only to those who meeting our requirements . - - meet ~ Only the finite verb meet, not the gerund meeting, can be the verb of the relative clause .


1. Most of the products and goods

are traded online are sold directly by the owner. (A) they (C) that

(B) those (D) these

2. Recently the director released the list of engineers have been nominated to lead the bridge project. (A) which (C) who

(B) what (D) they

3. Dietary supplements

come from plants are generally known to be safe, but some may interfere with a wound's capacity to heal.

(A) whatever (C) whichever

(B) what (D) which Answers: p.552

02 0

Relative Pronouns

When the antecedent is a person, the relative pronoun who(m) is used. When the antecedent is a thing or an animal, the relative pronoun which is used. We are looking for someone wftieft is intelligent and dedicated. who ~ The relative pronoun who is used because the antecedent refers to a human (someone). The files wlw are stacked on his desk are due next week. which ~ The relative pronoun which is used because the antecedent refers to things (The files) . ~~

..,

r

'

Note: The relat1ve pronoun that can come in the position of the subject or object of relative clauses, regardless of the antecedents. However, it cannot come after a preposition or a comma (.). The baker, that (- who) IS French, opened a new store in the area. The person with that (-with whom) I talked last week is my lawyer. ~

8

•

~

• .,._,. :,.t~ ..... ••

jl.Af..~,. ...

·-t.:.:

•

-

There are three kinds of relative pronouns: subject relative pronouns, object relative pronouns, and possessive relative pronouns. Antecedents

Positions

People Things I animals People and things/animals

Subject

Object

Possession

who which that

whom, who which that

whose whose , of which

I know the person who is standing in line. The car wh ich is in the garage is Steve's. ~ The relative pronoun who / which comes in the position of the subject of the relative clause . Hence, the finite verb is follows who / which . The girl (whom / who) I met yesterday is my best friend. He took the medicine (wh ich) the doctor prescribed. ~ The relative pronoun whom / who / which comes in the position of the object of the relative clause . Hence, a subject (1/ the doctor) and a finite verb (met/prescribed) follow whom/who/which . In th is case , the object relative pronoun whom / who / which can be omitted . I had to meet with my neighbor, whose dog I have been watching . The students are writing a report , the topic of which is Korean history. ~ The possessive relative pronoun whose modifies the noun dog . If the antecedent is a thing (a report), of which can replace whose and be put after the noun it modifies .

TOtiCQuestlons Decide wh ich of the choices- (A), (B) , (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1.

Any contract is not signed by the members of the Board of Directors would have no legal power even though its terms may have already been executed. (A) who (C) whom

(B) which (D) of which

2. Gecko is an organization

mission is to provide financial relief to families left homeless by natural disasters. (A) which (C) whom

(B) that (D) whose

3. Job candidates

are presently unemployed or are studying to obtain a degree must furnish this information on their application forms. (A) who (C) whom

(B) which (D) whose Answers: p. 552


www.nhantriviet.com

03 0

Usage of Relative Pronouns

Preposition

+

relative pronoun

• When the noun in the first sentence and the object of the preposition in the second sentence refer to the same person/thing, the two sentences may be joined into a complex sentence using the structure preposition + relative pronoun .

(")

0

2. c :::J

~

o·

I ran into a woman. + I had worked with her. - I ran into a woman whom I had worked with . - I ran into a woman with whom I had worked .

:::J

en

"'

:::J Cl. (")

ii)

• An appropriate prepos ition will be used depending on the meaning of the antecedent or the verb in the relative clause. I had a holiday during which I was able to see my family. (¢::> during the holiday) This is the book about which we talked yesterday. (¢::> talk about)

c en en

"'

• A complete clause follows the structure preposition + relative pronoun . You have a sponsor to whom you must submit a report.

@ Indefinite pronoun one/each all/both

+

of

some/any several

+ relative

pronoun

many I much I most . . half/the rest +of+ relative pronoun (whom/which/whose+ noun)

The program enrolls 20 students. + All of the students are women. - The program enrolls 20 students, and ~ of them are women. - The program enrolls 20 students, ~ of whom are women.

8

Omitting subject relative pronouns The subject relative pronoun in the structure subject relative pronoun + be may be om itted. The place (which was) chosen for the reception is beautiful. I want to know the person (who is) responsible for this mess. The park (which is) around my house is open for day use only. ~ In the above relative clauses, which was , who is, which is may be omitted. Only the key words - the past participle chosen , the adjective responsible , and the prepositional phrase around my house - remain.


1. Electronic delivery methods such as e-mail and fax are the most common ways which international communications are made these days. (A) to

(B) for

(C) by

(D) of

2. There were more than 100 graduate students in attendance at our internship fair, many of had prior work experience. (A) who (C) them

(B) whom

(D) that

3. Of the three applicants

for appointment to a managerial position, two have worked in an international setting . (A) eligibility (C) eligibly

(B) eligible (D) eligibleness Answers: p. 552

I

04 0

Relative Adverbs

Different relative adverbs are used depending on the antecedents. Antecedents

Relative adverbs

Time [day, year, time]

when

Reason [the reason]

why

Place [place, building]

where

---'1

Thursday is the last day when classes meet. The place where I had lunch has a great salad bar. The article explains the reason why customers are so indecisive. Note: When how 1s used, there is no antecedent (e.g. the way, the method). I tried to figure out the way I how the machine works. •

8

-:.ro

~ ~

Relative adverbs may be replaced by the structure preposition+ relative pronoun. The conditions where (= in which } the laborers work are unacceptable. The day when (=on which} he proposed to me was the best day of my life.

@) A complete clause follows a relative adverb; an incomplete clause follows a relative pronoun. Tomorrow is the last time when we will be able to see each other before you go. complete clause follows the relative adverb when .

~ The

That is the boy who broke my window . ~ The incomplete clause follows the relative pronoun who .


1. Any person

would like to visit the exhibition must have a written statement of permission from administration. (A) who (C) which

(B) when (D) whose

2. The new shuttle service,

has been operating since last year, serves all of the city's main stopping points. (A) who (C) what

(B) which (D) where

3. She applied to the company

she had previously worked when just out of university. (A) which (C) of which

(B) when (D) where Answers: p. 552


www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE

••• ••• •••

Cl :x> )>

;: ;: )>

:x>


(")

0

2 . c::

::::>

01 Mr. Gomez is familiar with Asian culture , (which/they) will help him as the liaison for Hong Kong.

~ c;· ::::>

en

Q)

::::>

c.

02 All applicants (which / who) are waiting in line must have their documents ready.

(")

"' 03 Any staff writer (whose / that) proposal is selected for funding will receive an all-paid vacation. 04 The company purchased mobile communication devices (those/that) serve both as phones and e-mail portals.

05 Customers (who / they) wish to sign up for a store membership may stop by the information desk. 06 Working for the firm allows you to purchase stock options (which/who) are offered as incentives . 07 People (whom/whose) names are on the waiting list must call again tomorrow.


• ...

0

,., m

."'

:x>

c..

08 On your desk is the receipt for the airline tickets where must be picked up tomorrow.

"'"

09 The number of entertainment programs that is directed at young adults is steadily increasing. 10 The upcoming workshop is the first one that the company having organized . 11 Miscommunication between coworkers is a problem when has caused a lot of tension in the office. 12 The main building , that houses the superior officers, has an electronically monitored gate. 13 The company manufactures diet pills and sleeping tablets , both of them are top sellers. 14 The surroundings where the employees work are pleasant.

Answers: p. 552

www.nhantriviPt rom

HACKERS

T EST


Part 5 01 The director developed a list of criteria for development, company's prestige. (A) which (C) what

he feels will boost the (B) that (D) who

02 A conference to discuss the terms of the

08 Mr. Thompson collected a list of employees were unable to attend the official company picnic. (A) whose (C) whom

(B) who (D) whoever

09 Enclosed with this letter is a pre-addressed,

settlement will be held at a time and place to both parties involved.

stamped envelope to mail your application for membership to our club.

(A) acceptance (C) accept

(A) which (C) what

(B) acceptingly

(D) acceptable

03 lnterpid Travel employed eight certified

(B) in which (D) whenever

10 The company is requesting that high-level

were trained at the agents, all of same institute in Manhattan .

executives complete a survey what their main tasks consist of.

(A) what (C) this

(A) who (C) which

(B) whom (D) their

04 Conference attendees

confirm their attendance early will be eligible for preassigned seating. (A) whose (C) who

(B) what (D) whom

details

(B) why (D) where

11 The package

was sent to Mr. Jones was returned to us when the mail carrier could not locate the address on the shipping label. (A) when (C) what

(B) who (D) that

05 At a meeting yesterday, we studied the most recent budget proposal , the board th inks will help pull the corporation out of debt. (A) whether (C) which

(B) where (D) that

12 GasCo sells more than 8 million gallons of oil a year, half of United States alone. (A) many (C) each

is consumed in the (B) which (D) whose

06 Changes in our organizational structure have created ways for employees to explore opportunities were previously not available . (A) what (C) that

(B) those (D) there

07 People entering business administration need a broad knowledge of the culture in they will eventually put their professional training to work. (A) which (C) whom 210 - Hackers TOEIC Rea ding

(B) that (D) whose

13 Please tell the person in charge to let us know the assessment forms have been completed by the participants. (A) when (C) what

(B) that (D) whatever

14 A dinner will take place next Friday to honor has been a great Richard Perkins, asset to this bank for over thirty years . (A) who (C) whose

(B) which (D) of which

www.nhantriviet.com

15 When the director asked

responsibility the project was , he was told that it was the CEO's. (B) which (D) that

(A) who (C) whose

18 The Mother Nature Garden Show, annually demonstrates the newest technology in horticulture, draws over 5,000 attendees during its week-long run. (A) when (C) where

(B) which (D) whose

C'"> 0

2. c: ::::>

~

c;· ::::>

(I)

""c.::::> C'">

Q;'

c:

(I)

"'

(I)

16 Mr. McKenzie

has been working on the campaign longer than anyone else will take charge of the project. (A) whom (C) who

(B) whose (D) which

19 We are currently seeking a partner firm marketing principles are similar to our own . (A) who (C) whose

(B) which (D) where

17 Only Speedy Shipping offers a variety of delivery options sea transportation. (A) why (C) where

utilize both air and (B) that (D) what

20 An employee

performance during a specified period is satisfactory is entitled to a wage increase based on current pay standards. (A) who (C) whose

(B) whom (D) in which


....

Date: December 8 From: lcollins@squaresystems .com To: [email protected] Re: Press conference

0

m

n

..""

c..

"

<0

Rafael , The correct date for the press conference is on December 16. In my last communication , I

21 (A) consequently (C) mistakenly

(B) properly (D) substantially

told you that it would be on December 12. I got the date mixed up with an appointment I have with arranged for a reporter from Business Week. You probably already know that Alan and I

22 (A) have (C) having had

(B) to have (D) would have

special bus service between the hotel where the conference will be held and our offices . This is to facilitate the transport of staff, guests and equipment to the hotel. I'm trying to verify the names of the delegates will be using the service to make certain that we have a sufficient number 23 (A) whose (C) which

•

(B) whom (D) who

of seats. Could you send me this list as soon as possible? Answers: p. 552

Basic Points

An adverb clause is a dependent clause functioning as an adverb in a sentence. It indicates time, place, condition, etc. Please call me before you leave. If he falls, he will get hurt. Before you leave and If he falls are adverb clauses of time and condition. Without them, the sentences are still complete and make sense.

An adverb clause is formed by adverb clause conjunction + subject + verb. Once you have time, pay a visit to your grandmother. The adverb clause in the sentence is formed by the adverb clause conjunction (once) + subject (you) + verb (have). Conjunctions that start an adverb clause include once, when , if, although , because, whatever, etc. In case the verb in the adverb clause is be, subject+ be may be omitted. I would like to get it done today if (it is) possible.

01

Positions and Functions of Adverb Clauses Cl

"" )>

0

;:: ;::

An adverb clause is a dependent clause that comes before or after the main clause.

)>

""

In case we don't get in touch next week, I'll see you after the holidays. I like to have a cup of coffee while I'm getting ready in the morning.

(")

0

2 . c:

::::>

~

c;·

8

An adverb clause functions as an adverb, which cannot be confused with a noun clause functioning as a noun.

::::> C/)

::::> "'c. (")

Adverb clause Noun clause

iii" c: C/)

I will lend you money if you pay me back tomorrow. I demand that you pay me back.

"' C/)

~ The

adverb clause functions as an adverb of condition , while the noun clause functions as a noun coming in the position of the object of the verb demand .

@ An adverb clause cannot be confused with a relative clause modifying a noun. Adverb clause Relative clause

She began cleaning when she learned that visitors were coming . Our home is a warm place where we can enjoy each other's company in safety.

~ The

adverb clause does not modify any noun , while the relative clause modifies the antecedent a warm place.

e

An adverb clause conjunction may also start a participial phrase (V-ing, p.p.). After buying food at the market, he prepared himself a delicious meal. The oil will burn quickly unless placed on a low flame. ~ The

adverb clause conjunction after / unless starts the participial phrase buying food at the market / placed on a low flame .

•• -<

0

m

n

.."'""

a.

::>

""

'·· Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1.

the marketing head transfers to Singapore, there will be an open position at the main office. (A) So (C) If

(B) Wherever (D) Whom

2.

.·

the minimum wage has increased in some countries over the past few years, it is still below poverty level in many places. (A) However (C) Whereas

(B) That (D) Despite

3. Customers who hear music on an open telephone line likely to hang up.

(A) to (C) nearby

placed on hold are less (B) as (D) while Answers: p. 552

www.nhantriviet.com

Ch~ntPr

Jn Anw>rh

n~, ><<>< -

.,, ,

02 0

Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses of Time

Below are some common conjunctions in adverb clauses of time. Conjunctions

Examples

until before

He was not allowed to play until he had done his homework. They lit the candles before they turned out the lights.

when as while even as

When the doctor made the diagnosis, the patient was shocked . While waiting for her son , Mrs. Cosby read a magazine. {) When is used to indicate the time of which an event starts; while is used when two actions happen simultaneously for some time.

since after

I haven 't eaten anything since I got home last night. They left the theater after the singer gave an encore.

once as soon as (= immediately after)

We will send your shipment once we confirm payment. They stopped working as soon as dusk settled in .

Notes: 1. As/since also means because used to state a reason; while is also used when comparing things, situations, or people and showing how they are different. Her doctor ordered her to go on a diet since she had gained thirty pounds in two months. Some people like to take one long vacation, while others prefer many shorter trips. 2. Two adverb clause conjunctions cannot go together, except until after. Please stay here and wait until after I'm done with my meeting. ' .- ·--~~ ·•··• c~,.;-;j.;}~~i.> ._; ....-)._;lf"j..,;,,:>.-

8

I

In adverb clauses of time, the present simple tense is used instead of the future simple tense. They hope to finish the report before the library wi ll close. -closes ~ The present simple tense (closes) , not the future simple tense (will close) , is used in the adverb clause of time. Note: The past s1mple tense is used 1n the adverb clause starting w1th since, and the present perfect tense is used in the main clause. The postman has delivered mail to community residents since he was in his twent1es. :

•"

,,Jt_:Jh,l;,;.'!.h,;;•~ ... ~ ... ••

-"

-".i.P"

•~ ' ' " - • d

'.,.,~ ,.,__._


1.

all of the appropriate paperwork has been filed, you will be officially registered as an accountant at this firm. (A) Whether (C) As if

(B) Once (D) Yet

-

2.

'

(

-

'..• I

l

•

~

'

•

Staff members have reported hundreds of phone calls the promotion was aired on television and radio a few hours ago. (A) by

(B) before

(C) past

(D) since

3. Patrons who arrive more than twenty minutes the opera begins should wait in the lobby until the doors to the main hall are opened. (A) before (C) during

(B) when (D) while Answers: p. 553


www.nhantriviet.com

03

Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses of Condition and Concession G>

""

)>

0

:;::: :;:::

Below are some common conjunctions in adverb clauses of condition.

)>

8

""

Examples

Conjunctions if

----------------------~ If you would like a confirmation call, please include your phone number.

unless (= if - not)

Let's go to the movies tomorrow, unless you have other plans.

as long as providing I provided (that) on condition that only if

You can use my car as long as you take good care of it. You will get a discount providing you purchase two sets. Refunds are offered only if purchases are returned within two weeks .

in case (that) in the event (that)

We have a back-up speaker in case Mr. Sanchez arrives late. Call a customer representative immediately in the event that your credit card is stolen. In case (that) and in the event (that) are used for saying what will happen in a particular situation.

Below are some common conjunctions in adverb clauses of concession. Conjunctions although, though, even if, even though whereas , while

Examples ----~--------------------~~ Although he prom ised to come early, he was late again. The manager is aggressive , whereas his assistant is soft-spoken . .

Decide which of the choices - (A), (B) , (C) , or (D) - best completes the sentence.

2. The CEO has decided to bring Perry James along on his business trip he is inexperienced and underqualified.

1. The value of the dollar will continue to drop

(A) if (C) although

the American economy undergoes a dramatic revival. (A) unless (C) even

(B) whether (D) or

3.

(B) so (D) because

Please refer to the enclosed manual or call one of our technicians you are unable to fine-tune your device. (A) unless (C) whether

(B) while (D) if Answers: p. 553

•• ••

04 0

Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses of Reason, Purpose, Result, Exception and Others

Below are some common conjunctions in adverb clauses of reason, purpose, and result. Examples

Conjunctions because, as, since now that in that so that, in order that

You should ask Mr. Carter since he is the expert. Now that we are all here, let's begin the meeting. We are different in that you prefer to keep your opinions to yourself.

so/ such - that

Miguel was so tired from studying that he fell asleep in the library. It was such a clear day that we could see the far-off mountains.

He made changes in the presentation so that it could be more easily understood.

8 Except that, but that I have no problem with Daniel except that he never shows up on time.

8 As if, as though, (just) as It seemed as though there was something wrong with Jeff today.

9 Given that, considering (that) It is surprising how well Michael is doing , considering that he only got out of the hospital last week.


2.

1. A gathering of all the company's senior managers has been arranged we can discuss problems involving customer dissatisfaction. (B) so that (A) in order (D) such (C) because

A number of our staff were late coming to the office today the eastbound A-train got stuck on the tracks .

(A) if (C) that

3.

(B) because (D) unless

that exports have failed to recover the economy, the government is appealing to corporate entities for help. (A) Considering (C) In case

(B) Even so (D) Unless Answers : p. 553



05 0

Compound Relative Adverbs/ Pronouns

An adverb clause may also be introduced by a compound relative adverb. whenever(= at any time when, no matter when) wherever (=at any place where, no matter where) however (= by whatever means, no matter how)

{"")

0

2. c:

:::J

~

c;· :::J

We were greeted with smiles wherever (= at any place where) we went in that small town . You can visit our office whenever (= no matter when) you want. However (= No matter how) much that house is, I'm willing to pay the price. ~ In case however means no matter how, it can be replaced by the structure however+ adjective/adverb+ subject + verb .

8

The compound relative pronouns whoever, whatever, whichever may also start an adverb clause. whoever (= no matter who) whatever (= no matter what) whichever ( = no matter which) Whoever(= No matter who) calls on the phone, tell them I'm coming back from my trip tomorrow. cf. Whatever we have to do is alright with me. ~ In this sentence, whatever starts the noun clause as the subject of the sentence. Compound relative pronoun s are presented in Chapter 18 - Noun Clau ses .

Decide wh ich of the choices - (A), (B), (C) , or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1. We at Grayson Automotive would appreciate it if you would fill out th is service evaluation it is conven ient for you . (A) whichever (C) whenever

(B) whoever (D) whatever

2.

much your company is paying you , I can guarantee twice that salary if you work for us. (A) Whatever (C) Whichever

(B) However (D) Whenever

3. Electronic communications make it possible to do business you are in the world , whether in or out of the country. (A) whenever (C) wherever

(B) whomever (D) whatever Answers: p. 553

en

""c. :::J

{"")

ii> c: en en

"'

•

06 0

Adverb Clause Conjunctions vs. Prepositions

Below are some adverb clause conjunctions and prepositions that may easily cause confusion. Meanings

8

Adverb clause conjunctions

Prepositions

Time

when while by the time, until after, before once, as soon as since

in, at during by, until following, after, before on/upon + V-ing since

Condition

unless in case (that), in the event (that)

without in case of, in the event of

Concession

although, even though, while

despite, in spite of because of, due to

Reason

because, as, since

Purpose

so that, in order that

so as to /in order to + V

Exception

except that, but that

except (for), but (for)

Others

given that, considering (that) whether as if, as though as

given, considering regardless of like as

An adverb clause conjunction starts a clause, while a preposition comes before a noun or noun phrase. The meeting was postponed because Mr. Stanley had urgent business to attend to. The meeting was postponed because of urgent matters. ~ The adverb clause conjunction because starts the clause , while the preposition because of comes before the noun phrase urgent matters. Note: A connecting adverb cannot start an adverb clause, but an adverb clause conjunction can. We will lose this client otherwise (- unless) we can get the shipment in on t1me.


2. Housing prices stabilized

interest rates on mortgages rose sharply due to the overall economic fluctuation.

1. Our office can begin filling out the order

(A) during (C) while

the completed request form and instructions are sent via fax. (A) once (C) upon

(B) just (D) still

3.

(B) in add ition (D) meantime

the company has been selling the same product for thirty years, it is still popular with consumers all over the country. (A) In spite of (C) Therefore

(B) Nevertheless (D) Although Answers: p. 553

HACKERS PRACTICE

••••••••••••


(""")

0

2 . c: :::1

~

01 (As/ For) my car broke down, I missed the meeting.

o·

:::1 (/)

"'c. :::1

02 (Also/ Although) his opportunities are wide open, he'd like to stay with the small company.

(""")

iii' c: (/)

"' (/)

03 We can't confirm your order (until/while) you provide a transaction receipt. 04 (Even though/In spite of) the restaurant is always crowded, people still wait in line to be able to get a table .

05 Please provide an e-mail address with unlimited storage (therefore/in case) we have to send large files.

06 The library will be open to the public by February (so/if) the remodeling is completed before the second week of January.

•

07 Mr. Anderson has been given his own office (so that/hence) he can work in peace. -< 0

m


n

"' "'"'a. "

<0

08 They moved into the office even the electricity had not been turned on yet. 09 Despite the director retired last week, nobody has taken his place as of yet.

10 Total profit rose by 20 percent during Mr. Jameson acted as president of the company. 11 The assembly line was stopped although a machine broke down. 12 The hostess will mail out the invitations as soon they arrive from the printing shop. 13 We have to postpone the picnic while the weather forecaster said it would rain. 14 Nobody will be permitted inside this building unless when accompanied by a security guard. Answers: p. 553

HA CK ERS

T EST


Part 5 01 The telephone information service is available round the clock

08 The company decided to change its policy

it is a special holiday.

(A) regardless (C) despite

regarding holiday breaks union initiated a strike.

(B) whether (D) even if

(A) while (C) when

the labor

(B) where (D) whether

02 The new work schedule cuts back on extra hours improving employee efficiency with longer lunch breaks. (A) while (C) after

09

(B) but (D) since

Frank prefers having a quick meal at his desk, Carl would rather have a leisurely lunch at a good restaurant. (A) As soon as (C) Because of

(B) While (D) However

03 At this company, quarterly bonuses are awarded , are met.

all of the sales goals

(A) so as (C) rather than

10 Mr. Gonzales should inform his assistant he is planning about his schedule a business trip to Tokyo with the rest of the marketing team.

(B) depending on (D) provided that

(A) so (C) that

04 The loan agency has been closed for invesclaims were made that the tigation owner dipped into overhead funds. (A) when (C) in spite of

11

(B) due to (D) since

05 We will hold a workshop ten employees register. (A) while (C) if

(B) before (D) because

successfully leading the firm manager through a period of near bankruptcy. (A) with (C) after

not permitted to use its services accompanied by a member. (B) otherwise (D) unless

the current project has been completed . (A) while (C) during

the assistant manager had to be declined they did not reflect the company's approach to employee relations . (B) rather than (D) anyway

14

(B) until (D) upon

you sign the document, you should carefully review the details of the contract. (A) Because (C) Before


(B) in (D) like

13 Employees are being asked to pull overtime

07 Some of the suggestions proposed by

(A) unless (C) because

(B) However (D) Whenever

12 Harold Grist became the company's top senior

06 The club is so exclusive that visitors are

(A) without (C) but

deciding whether or not to purchase an investment property, it is important to consider the terms of investment and the ongoing costs. (A) Whatever (C) Whichever

more than

(B) if (D) due to

(B) Since (D) While

www.nhantriviet.com

Cl

"'s:: )>

s:: )>

"'

16

18

the machine is periodically maintained and worn-out parts are replaced .

the bank approves his application for a small business loan , Gary intends to open his shop by the end of the year.

(A) whereas (C) unless

(A) Providing (C) The fact what

15 This color copier will last beyond its warranty

(B) in case (D) as long as

accompanied by an adult, children under the age of twelve are admitted free into the museum .

0

c

::>

~

a· ::>

en

""c. ::>

("}

OJ c en CD en

19 Included in this month's subscription is a coupon for a discounted year membership you can introduce our magazine to your friends .

(B) When (D) By

(A) With (C) Only

(B) Nevertheless (D) Until

("}

2 .

(A) in order (C) in addition to

(B) so that (D) such as

17 An additional

78 ,000 job opening is available for entry-level workers increasing foreign investments have spurred companies to establish new factories .

20

(B) if (D) which

(A) that (C) as

the raw material needs of the company, we have had to explore other means to obtain the supplies we require . (A) Consider (C) Considering

(B) Considered (D) Consideration


.... 0

Date: August 9 From : [email protected] To: fdylan @pantheonfurniture.com Re: Policy change

m

n

."'"'

c..

:>

"'

Hi Frank, Please note that beginning August 15, Pantheon Furni ture

a policy change ensuring our

21 (A) implements (C) will implement

(B) have implemented (D) implemented

customers that any item they buy from our warehouse is of excellent quality. From that date, most the merchandise can be returned within three months. A full refund will be guaranteed , 22 (A) provided (C) while

(B) once (D) though

item being returned does not show any sign of damage or overuse. We have written up specific guidelines as to what merchandise is covered by the poli cy adjustment. We request all supervisors policy and take steps to ensure that it will be complied with . to inform their staff of the 23 (A) close (C) new

(B) modern (D) nearest

Barbara Answers: p. 553 A

0

•

'~

__

...__:,.~_

...

--

••

222


Section 6 Special Structures Chapter 21 -Comparison Chapter 22 - Parallelism, Inversion

Basic Points

Comparison is used to say how things or people are similar and how they are different. There are three types of comparison. The comparison of equality is used to compare two people or things that are equal in quantity or characteristics. Peter is as old as John . The comparative is used to compare two people or things that are not equal in quantity or characteristics. Peter is older than John. The superlative is used to indicate that one person or thing has the highest degree of quantity or characteristics when compared with the whole group . Peter is the oldest man in the band . In these examples, different structures with the adjective old are shown. Generally, adjectives and adverbs can be used in comparison .

An adjective or adverb has different forms in the comparison of equality, the comparative, and the superlative. For an adjective/adverb that consists of only one syllable, or two syllables ending in -er, -y , -ow, -some, the comparisons are as follows . Comparison of equality

Comparative (adjective I adverb + -er)

Superlative (the + adjective I adverb + -est)

old clever

older cleverer

the oldest the cleverest

For an adjective/adverb that consists of two syllables ending in -able, -ful, -ous , -ive, or more than two syllables, the comparisons are as follows. Comparison of equality

Comparative (more + adjective I adverb)

Superlative (the+ most+ adjective/adverb)

useful important

more useful more important

the most useful the most important

Below are some irregular adjectives / adverbs in comparison. Comparison of equality

Comparative

Superlative

good/well bad/badly many / much little late

better worse more less later I latter

the the the the the

best worst most least latest/last

01 0

Comparison of Equality C\

The comparison of equality is used to compare two people or things that are equal in quantity or characteristics. The structure is as+ adjective/adverb+ as.

"'

)>

;:: ;:: )>

"'

Her hair was as black as coal. The order was shipped as quickly as possible to the customer.

@ A quantifier must be used in the comparison of equality in the structure as+ many/much/few/ little + noun + as. a~otato chips as you did. many Please complete a~formation as possible. much +- The quantifier many I much must be used before the nouns in the comparison of equality because the structure as + noun + as is incorrect.

I ate

@) Another form of the comparison of equality is the structure the same (+ noun) + as. Nelly has the same dress as I do. Nelly's dress is the same as mine.

e

Some adverbs that can modify adjectives or adverbs in the comparison of equality are nearly, almost, just. The book, the second in a series, is nearly as exciting as the first.

TOEIC Questions Decide which of the choices- (A), (B), (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1. Management has decided to rotate workers to keep the assembly line running as possible.

(A) efficiency (C) more efficient

(B) efficiently (D) efficient

as

2. Studies have proven that laborers work twice hours on average as skilled professionals in any field. (A) much (C) as many

(B) more (D) more than

3. In order to serve you best, we ask that you take the time to fill out our questionnaire in detail as possible. (A) as (C) as much

(B) more (D) many Answers: p. 553

•

02 0

Comparative

The comparative is used when two people or things are compared. The structure is comparative form of adjective/adverb+ than. Last month's test was harder than this one is. She acted more cleverly than usual. cf. The lesson we took up in class today was ftaft:ief. hard ~ When there is only one person or thing , the comparative cannot be used .

.

:r' ·,· •

.

"'';~~ch·
ti'' ..r\.~'" j::-<'....~l

'

~

I

t5ef6Ye·;~,the , structure less '+ adjective I adverb + than is used.

~~~ft'rf1'PC:i~ta'~t~·than:the first ·one you

showed

m~.

0

·

_.

0

•

··~~~~ ~~:.,;~~~~-,}~j·~~:..•...¥o: r~.U,~,,.{,.;,~:J1;~. ,. ~ ' ~ t

'

•

,~ ' j t

@ For referring to an amount or a number that is larger/smaller than another, larger/smaller than

before, or larger/smaller than expected, the structure more/fewer/less+ noun+ than is used. More participants than last year came to the convention .

@) The definite article the is not used in the comparative, but it must be used in the following

cases: • The + comparative, the + comparative The more you eat ~atter you will become. tne ~ Th is structure is known as double comparative. There must be the and the comparative form of the adjective. If not, the sentence will be wrong. • The + comparative + of the two Daniel i~more intelligent of the two. tne ~ Between the two people, Daniel is more intelligent. There must be the and the comparative form of the adjective. If not, the sentence will be wrong .

9

The adverbs much, even, still, far, a lot, by far are added to emphasize the comparative structure. The effort you spent on achieving your dreams is much more valuable than the dream itself.


1. Unfortunately the shipment will be delayed, as our factory is experiencing more technical problems we anticipated . (A) or (C) whether

(B) while (D) than

2.

we put off finishing these cases, the more work there will be to do over the weekend. (A) Longer (C) The long

(B) Longest (D) The longer

3. Sending the memos by fax is far

than attempting to deliver them by express mail. (A) quickest (C) quicker

(B) quickly (D) quick Answers: p. 553

Hackers Skill

If there is than in a sentence, the adjective must be in the comparative form, and if there is the comparative form in a sentence, than, not any other words, must be used.

This apple is sweet (- sweeter) than the one I ate yesterday. We spent more money when/as(- than) expected on travel. 226 - Hackers TOEIC Reading

www.nhantriviet.com

03 0

Superlative

The superlative is used when more than two people or things are compared. The structure is

superlative form of adjective/adverb+ noun+ of -/in -/that-clause. He is the funniest boy of all the children. It is the thickest book in the world . It is the most informative documentary {that) I've ever seen. cf. The quiclwst responses of the interviewee made the manager skeptical. quick ~ When the phrase starting with of does not refer to a group of comparative people or things, the superlative cannot be used.

8

The superlative adjective is always preceded by the, or sometimes, a possessive adjective. Snoopy ~

wa~ost

favorite cartoon character when I was a kid. the / my The / my is needed before the superlative adjective.

Note: To show the rank1ng of the comparison, an ordinal number IS added before the superlative adjeCtive. United Airlines is the second largest airline in the United States.

• ..... 0

m

8

By far and quite are the adverbs used to emphasize the superlative adjective/adverb.

n

.,"' "'

c..

He was by far the worst roommate.

::> <0

--Decide which of the choices- (A), (B), (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence.

1. Of the many laborers at this plant, the highly skilled will be transferred to a newly opened facility. (A) so (C) such

(B) most (D) much

2.

Although less popular than the phonograph, the projection box was the of the home viewing devices available in the early 1900s. (A) success (C) most success

(B) successful (D) most successful

3. Erickson Brands offers customers the variety of cellular phone accessories in the marketplace. (A) wider (C) most widely

(B) more widely

(D) widest Answers: p. 553

Hackers Skill

When there is of-, in - , or that-clause referring to a whole group, the superlative form is expected in the sentence.

Bill is the slower (- slowest) of all the typists . This building is the tall (- tallest) that I have ever seen. www.nhantriviet.com

Chapter 21 Comparison - 227

04 0

Other Structures of Comparison

Other comparative structures Structures

Examples

more than + noun less than + noun

There are more than 10,000 books in the library. Less than five percent of the subscribers chose not to renew. • More than and less than also come before an adjective to emphasize it.

The meal he had at the cafeteria left him more than satisfied. no later than

The supervisor expects us to come in to work no later than 7:00. Mary no longer uses make-up.

no longer no sooner - than

No sooner did Pete put the phone down than it rang again.

other than

Other than cornflakes , crispy bacon is her favorite breakfast food .

rather than

The demonstrator stood his ground rather than run away like the others.

would rather - than

I would rather read a book at home than watch a movie at the theater.

@ The comparison of equality and the comparative may also be used to replace the superlative

form. • Comparative

+ than

any other -

This show is the funniest than any other sitcom on TV. funnier ~ This sentence is equivalent to This show is the funniest among all sitcoms on TV. • Have

+ never I hardly I rarely + been + comparative

Herbs have never been more popular than they are now. • No other - I nothing + as + adjective + as No other -I nothing + comparative + than No other sitcom is as funny as this show. When it comes to investing , nothing is more important than experience.

TOEIC Questions Decide which of the choices- (A), (B), (C) , or (D) - best completes the sentence.

2. I would rather make the reservation now risk not getting a ticket down the road . (A) than (C) whereas

1. Customers wanting refunds must bring in the product and its rece ipt week after the date of purchase. (A) no more than (C) no later as

one

(B) no later than (D) no more as

3.

(B) else (D) rather

Garson's Manufacturing boasts in its advertisement that it can produce steel rods than any other producer in the business. (A) fast (C) fastest

(B) faster (D) the fastest Answers : p. 553

228


www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE

••• •• ••••

Cl

"' :;:: )>

:;:: )>


"'

01 Due to flight cancellations , the convention will be held tomorrow rather (as/than) today .

02 Second-hand car parts were obtained (easiest/more easily) in the past than they are now. 03 Club members are allowed to join the raffle contest as (often/more often) as they wish .

04 (Hardly I No sooner) had the package arrived than we received a call from the sender.

05 Mr. Hanson's proposals are (by far / far) the most far-sighted and well-balanced of all the propositions submitted .

06 Purchasing the entire program is less costly (than / rather) buying and installing components separately.

07 I believe Mr. Smith would be (much/just) as competent as the other candidate.

• ..... 0

m

n


08 The nearer you live to a major transportation facility , more costly your home will be. 09 Although the building had been remodeled , the windows were the same style to the previous ones .

10 Martha is the more talented designer that I have ever encountered . 11 Buying commodities in bulk is more economically than making several trips to get the same item . 12 The turnout for the grand open ing was even greater when anticipated . 13 Please bring as much samples as you can to the interview.

14 The number of people interested in world affairs is much high than it was three years ago. Answers : p. 553

."'"'

c..

"""

HA C K E RS

T EST


Part 5 01 Improving our customer outreach program is important than reorganizing our office system right now. (A) better (C) well

(B) more (D) greater

(A) so (C) too

02 Recent changes in the regulations and

(B) such (D) than

09 In the fie ld of industrial arts and applied

procedures at the American embassy have made it to get a visa in a timely manner. (A) such difficult (C) fewer difficult

08 Due to the alleged scandal , the corporation was receiving more attention that which was good for business.

(B) not difficult (D) more difficult

sciences, there are for entry-level candidates . (A) lesser (C) sort of

positions open

(B) fewer (D) much

10 Piles of old newspapers must be stacked

03 A meeting sometime after the project deadline fits for my schedule than trying to have one this week. (A) better (C) any better

(B) good (D) any good

and tied as as possible before being loaded into the truck and brought to the plant. (A) tight (C) tightly

(B) tighter (D) tightest

11 Bringing all of the brochure and website 04 At this firm , young , motivated candidates who show enthusiasm have experienced professionals. (A) a lot (C) as much

value as

information up to date is the office team has ever faced. (A) challenged (C) more challenged

(B) also (D) so many

task the

(B) challenging (D) most challenging

12 The senior officers have decided that the

05 It is the company's position that moving into a market with greater gains.

competition will result in

(A) a few (C) often

current computers are adequate for what the staff must accomplish daily. (A) enough poorly (C) more than

(B) least (D) less

(B) too much (D) such

13 Of the two machine operators, the

06

did the manager leave on vacation than the most important client walked in seeking an urgent consultation . (A) Sooner (C) The sooner

(B) No sooner (D) Any sooner

qualified will be the one to run t.he new equipment in the factory. (A) much (C) better

(B) lot (D) so

14 Installing a new blower for an air ventilation

07 The company is currently much it was five years ago. (A) weaker (C) weak

(B) weakest (D) weakness

than

system may seem expensive but actually costs in the long run than repairing an existing one. (A) less (C) lessen

(B) lesser (D) least

.... . ....

_._ __ ...__: .. :_ .... ---

C\

"' ;:: )>

;:: )>

15 The more

18 Orders are filtered to separate departments

a camera is, the more the customers are willing to spend on the features that it provides. (A) sophisticate (C) sophisticating

when they arrive given to the shipping personnel right away. (A) than (C) rather as

(B) sophisticated (D) sophistication

(B) rather (D) rather than

19 This is to remind you that employees are

16 Commercial businesses are pleased that with

required to submit personal information changes to the administrative department than December 20.

the current state government, taxes have been lower than they are now. (A) quite (C) anything

"'

(B) none (D) never

(A) no more (C) no later

(B) no less (D) no longer

17 In determining whether to close a bank branch ,

20 All persons who wish to register for the Skills

the impact on the majority of community important factor. members is the (A) very (C) much

in Marketing Workshop must sign up at the main office possible.

(B) most (D) mostly

(A) as soon as (C) as much as

(B) as long as (D) as many as


• .... 0

Date: August 12 From : [email protected] To: [email protected] Re : Your trip to Spain

m

n

.."'"'

a. =>

I am really sorry that it has taken me such a long time to finalize the details of your planned trip to Spain . I am expecting word from our branch in Spain on our activities for the week that

21 (A) receiving

(B) to receive (D) receives

(C) received

you will be there. For the time being, here is an unconfirmed

22 (A) date (C) ticket

(B) procedure (D) schedule

August 22: Scott Beal will pick you up at the Madrid Barajas Airport and bring you to your hotel. August 23 : The Adm inistrative Department is planning a tour of the branch in Toledo, Spain . I will send you an updated itinerary no

than the end of this week .

23 (A) lateness (C) later

(B) latest (D) lately

Sincerely, Louise Robinson Answers: p. 553

Basic Points

Parallel ism is the usage of two or more words, phrases , or clauses that are similar in grammatical form. The interview was brief and informal. Lectures will be held either in English or in French. In the first sentence, brief and informal are joined by the coordinating conjunction and , and parallelism is formed since they are both adjectives . In the second sentence, in English and in French are joined by the correlative conjunction either ... or ... , and parallelism is formed since they are both prepositional phrases.

Inversion is the reversal of the normal order of the subject and the verb in a sentence. It is often used in formal speech to put emphasis on a certain part of a sentence. Paula was never angrier than when she lost her ring .

~

Never was Paula angrier than when she lost her ring . To form inversion, the modal verb, the auxi liary verb have / be, or the main verb be is put before the subject. For ordinary verbs, the auxiliary verb do / does / did is added before the subject, and the main verb is changed to a bare infinitive. You can get a newspaper only in the morning. (Subject+ modal verb) Only in the morning can you get a newspaper.

~

She has been thinking only lately about her future career. (Subject + have) Only lately has she been thinking about her future career.

~

The students were never so scared of the teacher. (Subject + be) Never were the students so scared of the teacher.

~

Richard rarely steps out of the house on weekends . (Subject + ordinary verb) ~ Rare ly does Richard step out of the house on weekends .


www.nhantriv1et.com

01

Parallelism Cl

0

In parallelism, there must be a correct combination of words having the same parts of speech, for example, nouns with nouns, verbs with verbs, etc. Nouns Verbs AdJectives Adverbs

"'s::: )>

s:::

)>

"'

His patience and intelligence made him a great leader. The researcher will collect and analyze the data. The hostess at the party served hot and hearty food . The motorist in the left lane was driving recklessly and dangerously.

N~te: In case of parallelism between verbs, the verbs 1n the sentence must agree in number and tense .

I '

: ,

".

If she finishes the project and clean (- cleans) up her work area, she may leave early today. J1mmy Atkins sent out a dozen resumes and wait (- waited) for a company to call him. -

-

~

'

@ In parallelism, there must be a correct combination of phrases or clauses of similar structures, for example, gerunds with gerunds, noun clauses with noun clauses, etc. Gerund phrases To-Infinitive phrases Prepositional phrases Noun clauses ' .

Filling out applications and interviewing for jobs can be tiresome . I need to fix the ceiling and (to) paint it. Decorations hanging on the wall and from the ceiling were taken down . He wanted to tell me what he did and how he felt.

l

'

Note: In the parallel structure of to-infinitives, from the second to-infinitive phrase onward, to may be omitted. 1

. -.

.

.

'..

...

.

.

• .

:I:

,..,

"'"""

~

-< 0 m

n

.."'"'

0..

:::0

TOEIC Questions

<.C


1, For many compan ies, liaison offices have proven effective and when establishing international connections in numerous countries. (A) profits (C) profiting

(B) profitably (D) profitable

2. Mr. Muir has been working on the assignment for the past three months and complete it by next week. (A) plan (C) to plan

to

(B) plans (D) planned

3. The responsibilities of a representative include the company 's sales goals and managing the special requests of customers. (A) to achieve (C) achieved

(B) achieving (D) achievement Answers: p. 553

Hackers Skill

When there is a coordinating conjunction or correlative conjunction in the sentence, all the components involved must be parallel in grammatical form .

For a middle-aged man , he is witty and energy (- energetic). The program includes both to cook (-cooking) a meal with a group and preparing a dish individually.

www.nhantriviet.rom

02 0

Inversion

In conditional sentences, inversion is used in formal contexts in which if or other conditional words are omitted and the sentence starts with Should for (conditional) type 1, Were for (conditional) type 2, and Had for (conditional) type 3. Type 1 Type 2 Type 3

Should + subject + bare infinitive, subject + will + bare infinitive Were + subject -, subject + would + bare infinitive Had + subject + p.p. , subject + would have + p.p.

Should you wish to visit, Mrs. Cameron will schedule a tour. (¢:1 If you should wish -) Were it not for my wife , I would be completely disorganized. (¢:. If it were -) Had he started cooking earlier, we would have eaten our meal on time. (¢:1 If he had started -)

@ Inversion must be used in a sentence beginning with a negative word, such as never, neither,

nor, hardly, seldom, rarely, little, etc. Never had he seen such an efficiently run business. (¢:. He had never seen -) Hardly had he fallen asleep when the alarm went off. (¢:.He had hardly fallen -)

@) Inversion must be used in a sentence beginning with only + adverb I adverb phrase I adverb

clause Only recently has Sharon begun to make her home look tidy. (¢:1 Sharon has only recently begun -)

...

Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - best completes the sentence. that the event would not be 1. Had we a popular one with our customers, we would have dropped the plan in its early stages. (A) realize (C) been realized

(B) realized (D) realizes

2. Never did Mr. Lerner's penchant for details with his capacity to see the whole picture when making management decisions. (A) interfered (C) interfering

(B) to interfere (D) interfere

3. Only after a consensus was taken did the general manager to forego having his employees do mandatory overtime work. (A) decide (C) decided

(B) decides (D) deciding Answers : p. 554


www.nhantnviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE

••• •••• •••


01 Tungsten Company's razor-sharp knives are designed to be {durable/duration) and slip-free. 02 (Ever I Seldom) does the team get into arguments about tasks . 03 Walking and (stretching/stretch) are two of the top suggested methods of daily stress relief.

04 The printing department will create and (distributing/distribute) company business cards to all staff. 05 (Should / Whether) you want more information on the subject, please call Ms. Terrell. 06 Only now does Kelly (understand/understood) the importance of organization. 07 Buston usually manufactures safe and (reliably/reliable) kitchen products.

I :I:


"' """" "'"' -< 0

m

n

"'"'"" «> "

0..

08 Mr. Richardson is giving hope and encourage to our staff.

09 Motorists must stay on the right side of the road and in single file . 10 Have Annie prepared better, she could have given an excellent presentation. 11 Both technical train and on-site experience are required for this position. 12 Henry often stops outside his door and turn around to get his briefcase. 13 The company promises incomparable customer support and satisfactory for all its products. 14 Mr. Lang's team works more diligently than Mr. Ford's team does.

Answers: p. 554

www nhantriviet.com

Chapter 22 Parallelism, Inversion - 235

HA CK ERS

T EST


Part 5 01 Companies looking for

and competent staff may find it difficult to do so, especially when economic expansion leaves only the less qualified job seekers. (A) experience (C) experiences

08 Had the synopsis earlier, we might have been able to include Mr. Roberson 's proposal in our evaluation. (A) deliver (C) be delivered

(B) experienced (D) experiencing

(B) delivered (D) been delivered

09 The department store has put out an advertisement announcing that it will hold a one-week sale on and business clothing .

02 Patricia Wells applied for a transfer as soon as the branch in Honolulu opened , did some of her co-workers . (A) as (C) also

03 Please sign the last page of the rental agreement and (A) initiate (C) initial

(A) leisure (C) leisured

(B) too (D) thus

10 The plan will be redesigned both to shorten project duration and

all the other pages.

(A) simplified (C) simplifies

(B) initialize (D) initiation

04 Applications that do not have the required

(A) profits (C) profit

12 regarding design and layout are both creative and (A) originally (C) origin

06

(B) originality (D) original

(B) Either (D) Rarely

07 The resume workshop teaches young professionals how to display their and skills using sophisticated language and attractive formatting . (A) educate (C) education


(B) profitably (D) profitable

have department stores seen such a decrease in sales of swimwear during the long hot months of July and August. (A) Ever (C) Although

(B) Even (D) Seldom

13 Make sure to call the office immediately should

has the price of gasoline been higher than it is now. (A) Ever (C) Neither

(B) to simplify (D) simplifying

not only become popular but is also across the globe.

(B) however (D) only

05 We are seeking applicants whose ideas

implementation .

11 Thanks to the Internet, digital music has

documents will not be considered, and will those that lack a clear career objective. (A) also (C) neither

(B) leisurely (D) at leisure

(B) educated (D) educational

have any problems accessing your bank account. (A) you (C) yours

(B) your (D) yourself

14 The manufacturer is not responsible for injuries or harm caused by wrong use of the product, will they replace products broken by misuse . (A) or

(B) nor

(C) and

(D) but

www.nhantriviet.com

Cl )> "'

!:::: !:::: )>

15 Without sufficient contacts, finding an ideal

18 The Entrepreneur's Dream Internet cafe has

a good apartment can location and be a time-consuming effort.

collection of information available the on how to start your own business.

(A) to rent (C) renting

(A) wide (C) more widely

(B) rent (D) rented

16 If you want to register to become one of our subscribers, fill in this information form . (A) quick (C) quicker

and simple (B) quickly (D) quickest

sales figures begun to show some growth in comparison to last month's total revenue . (A) has (C) have

(B) been (D) are

(B) widely (D) widest

19 More and more individuals are turning to alternative therapies to treat a host of ailments and pain. (A) relieve (C) relieved

17 Only lately

(B) relieves (D) relieving

20 With the marketing manager's impending resignation, an opening for a highly and financially driven individual is now being advertised. (A) motivate (C) motivating

(B) motivation (D) motivated

Part 6 Questions 21-23 refer to the following e-mail. To : Donna Reynolds From : Tim Shaw Subject: Mentoring System Donna, I am sure you have heard something about the company's mentoring system for employees who need guidance and assistance. The other managers and I have been selecting mentors, and we would like you to be a participant in the program for new hires. As you may be aware, the program is designed to accelerate the process . Those who partake in the project must be willing 21 (A) interviewing (B) training (C) hiring (D) application to set aside time for the employees assigned to them . Mentors will be assigned to new employees in their respective departments so that it will be easier for them to provide information , assistance and 22 (A) suggest (C) to suggest

(B) suggesting (D) suggestions

We certainly hope that you will be willing to take part in this new system . By volunteering, you will be giving valuable help your co-workers. 23 (A) on (C) to

(B) from (D) along Answers : p. 554

www.rhantriviet.com

"'


237

•

238

Features o Business-related vocabulary TOEIC is an English test which measures the everyday English skills of non-native people working in an international environment. Therefore, TOEIC questions center round business, commerce, and industry. Vocabulary items in the TOEIC test also involve business-related settings and situations. o Meaning and usage Questions on vocabulary in the TOEIC test not only check lexical meanings but also grammatical usage of lexis. It is, hence, important for examinees to understand not only the meaning but also the usage of business-oriented English vocabulary.

Testing Points Questions on vocabulary in the TOEIC test may be divided into three major types : collocations, content words, and content words with similar meaning. In this book, these types have been categorized and lists of lexical items that are frequently tested are provided . • Collocations: There are gap-fill questions in which one part of words that often go together, known

as collocations or word partnership, is missing . Examinees are required to select one of the given options which best completes the gap to form a correct collocation. • Content words of the same part of speech: There are also gap-fill questions in which gapped state-

ments together with the four words of the same part of speech are given . Examinees are required to select one of the given options which best completes the gap, based on the meaning of the option in the statement. • Content words with similar or different meanings: There are also gap-fill questions in which gapped

statements together with the four options are given. Examinees are required to select one of the given options which best completes the gap, based on the meanings of content words .

Question Percentage Below are the two pie charts showing the percentage of TOEIC questions, based on vocabulary aspects of meaning and parts of speech.

Content words with different meanings 6%

Adverbs 17% ------._

•

Verbs 30%

ocations 20%

Content words with similar meanings 74%

[Based on aspects of meaning]

240

Adjectives 25%

[Based on parts of speech]

•

Test-Taking Strategies Step 1: Look at the four options given to see whether it is a vocabulary question. A certain question may contain fou r options of the same part of speech but different in meaning , for example : respective , innovative, impressive, noble (adjectives). Looking at these fou r options , you can conclude that this is a vocabulary question .

Step 2: Select the correct answer choice by looking at the words around the gap and understanding the meaning of the whole statement or the whole text. • If one part of a collocation is missing , just select the missing part from the four options given . • In case the question does not involve a collocation , find out the meaning of the statement by translation in order to be able to select the most appropriate answer choice. Once more than one possible option have been identified, decide the correct option by looking for the key words in the statement. • For the text completion questions in Part 6, you should not on ly look for the key words around the gaps but also understand the meaning of the whole text to be able to select the best options .

Part 5: Example Before installing any programs, computer technicians should check the installation guide to see whether it is computer's system .

with the

The four options are all adjectives but they differ in meaning. Step 2: Select the correct answer choice by looking at the words around the gap and understanding the meaning of the whole statement.

(A) undeniable (B) amenable

As there is the preposition with after the gap, so compatible is the best option to form the collocation.

Part 6: Example Dear Bryan Seacrest, Thank you for filling out our survey during your recent

(A) (B) (C) (D)

appointment. travel stay break

with us. We value all of our customers' comments and suggeslions. We also consider them necessary for helping us to improve our accommodation.

www.nhantriviet.com

Step 1: Look at the four options given and decide this is a vocabulary question.

Step 1: Look at the four options given and decide this is a vocabulary question. The four options are all nouns but they differ in meaning. Step 2: Select the correct answer choice by looking at the words around the gap and understanding the meaning of the whole statement or the whole text. As this does not involve a collocation, you need to resort to translation to understand the meaning of the whole text. Skimming through the text, you can identify our accommodation as the key words, so stay must be the correct answer choice.

241

242

www.nhantriviet.com

Section 1

Collocations Chapter 01 -Collocations with Prepositions Chapter 02 - Collocations with Adjectives Chapter 03 - Collocations with Verbs (1) Chapter 04 - Collocations with Verbs (2) Chapter 05 - Collocations with Nouns Chapter 06 - Other Collocations

A collocation is a combination of two or more words that often go together. Native speakers of English often use them to make their language more natural and more easily understood . It is essential for you to treat collocations as single blocks of language and learn them in chunks. You could learn them by topic , such as time, number, weather, money, family, etc ., or by a particular word , e.g. take action , take a chance , take an exam . In this way , you can easily choose the right answers to questions of vocabulary in the TOEIC test.

Question Type and Useful Tips This type of question requires examinees to choose either a preposition or a noun to form a correct collocation . 1. First, look for the preposition or noun given before or after the gap. Then , choose an option that forms a collocation.

2. Next, put it into the whole sentence to see if it suits the context and the meaning of the sentence. Last, decide the answer choice .

Requests for vacation time must be submitted (A) at (B) of (C) in (D) on

writing at least two weeks in advance.

request [rikwestl I submit [sabmit] I in advance Answer: (C)

Morris Marina, the head of the small business software division , will be traveling to New Mexico tomorrow to attend a conference. As he will be gone for the whole of next week, he , Hillman Avenger, to be in charge of the division's business has designated his next in (A) order (C) demand

(B) command (D) advance

during his absence. division [divi3anll in command I absence I
244


www.nhantnviet.com

Common Collocations

01

in reply

In spite of sending several e-mails of complaint to the customer service department, the customer still hasn't received a single message in reply.

02

of one's choice

of one 's choice = of one's own choice

Payments can automatically be deducted from the bank account of your choice.

os in combination with This tablet, when taken in combination with aspirin, will lower blood pressure and strengthen immunity to infections .

og to the point to the point: relevant and worth paying attention to come to the point: reach the focus point keep to the point: not digress from the focus point

The guest speaker's presentation on office management was informative and to the point. <

o3

0

in preparation for

All computer equipment should be put in boxes in preparation for our move to the new office space.

n )> CD

c:

10

out of print

);:

"' -<

out of print = be discontinued (If a book, magazine, etc. is out of print, it is no longer being published.)

04

in advance

This book is currently out of print; however, there might be some used copies available online.

Reservations must be cancelled at least two weeks in advance to be eligible for a full refund. 11

os in an effort to in an effort to + bare infinitive

In an effort to promote the new line of products, Edu-toys created a television advertising campaign .

in celebration of

The department store is offering a 30 percent discount this week in celebration of their 3oth anniversary.

12

above one's expectations

above one's expectations = beyond one's expectations o6

in a timely manner

in a timely manner = in a timely fashion

•

Product sales last month were above our expectations.

--<

0

m

n

..."'

a. :::0

As the human resources department has received many resumes , all applicants will be contacted in a timely manner.

01

on arrival

on arrival = upon arrival

On arrival, all passengers are required to go through immigration and passport control.

"" 13

subsequent to

subsequent to = following

Subsequent to the introduction of cost-cutting measures, expense accounts are being monitored .

14

as a result of

Many factories had to close as a result of new licensing regulations.

1s in exchange for The company offered workers higher salaries in exchange for reduced health benefits.

20

at one's earliest convenience

at one 's earliest convenience: as soon as one can (commonly used in business contexts)

Send some samples of your writing at your earliest convenience . 16

out of one's reach -;;..;:;,;.;;.___

out of one's reach : away from the distance that can be touched

Ensure that blades for this razor are stored out of the reach of children.

11

21

to an absolute minimum

to an absolute minimum : to the smallest in amount or degree

The new microphone system keeps background noise to an absolute minimum.

to capacity

be filled to capacity

= be completely full

The theater was filled to capacity every night of the week-long performance.

1s at the latest

22

until further notice

until further notice: until another official announcement is made without notice: without warning or announcement

The prices listed in the catalog are effective until further notice.

at the earliest, at the best

In order to reserve a tennis court at the Fairfield Fitness Centre, you should register by next week at the latest.

19

in search of = in the search for

in search of

Mr. Smith is in·search of talented and innovative personnel.


23

with the exception of

with the exception of = except

No one is allowed beyond this point, with the exception of authorized security personnel.

24

in one's absence

in one 's absence = during one 's absence

The staff will hold a meeting in the director's absence.

www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE

••••••••••••

Tick a correct option for each phrase or sentence. by 01 be made 00 with hand

02 in conjunction ~ ~~~ the Lyons Community Center 03 New procedures will be in ~ ~~f~~-t. 04 in

°o companson commit~ent with last year's performance

05 write checks in excess ~ ~~er $5,000 <

0

n

. o above all, 06 Be reliable , and , 0 foremost honest.

)>

c "'

'

> ""-<

. o observance 07 m 0 observatory of Independence Day

08 The economy is ~ fnn the wane .

•

09 a banquet in ~ ~osnpo:ct of the mayor

10 Wear safety goggles ~ ~f all times. 11 give an estimate ~ f~r free 12 Visitors

~ ~/:;!i~i~llar prefer outdoor cafes.

13 Check the website for ~ ~~~: details. 14 payment

~ ~~~~n

-<

0

m

delivery

n

."'""

15 Mr. Lee ds IS · 0 out during of th e o ff"1ce. 0 16 be available upon

a. =>

""

°o request respect

17 work 0o from into home

18 ~ ~ith the aim of increasing sales 19 ~ ~n the recommendation of the board

20 Open 24 hours for our 0 convenience. Y

o promptness.

Answers: p. 554

HA C K E RS

TE S T


Part 5 06 High school students were paid on an hourly

01 Staff members are requested to send in reports on equipment malfunctions at their earliest

basis to distribute the company's promotional flyers hand .

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

requirement decision explanation convenience

02 All prices listed on the company website are

through with by in

07 Payment for Internet services provided by Westcom can be paid for with the credit card of your

effective until further (A) notice (B) mark (C) bulletin (D) statement

(A) (B) (C) (D)

election choice referral option

03 All attendees to the International Trade Law Conference are requested to register for the event advance at the convention center's website.

(A) at (B) to (C) in (D) near

ten

out of away with up until without


09 Sales figures for agricultural products went growth up by 5 percent as a result (A) as (B) about (C) beyond (D) of

05 All household chemicals, such as cleaners

(A) (B) (C) (D)

crowd type pack variety

in the domestic and export markets.

(A) to (B) than (C) of (D) over

or polishes, should be kept small children .

apparel in a of colors , ranging from light tints to dark shades. (A) (B) (C) (D)

04 The manufacturing contract awarded to Centrum was valued in excess million dollars .

08 The department store offers the latest fashion

reach of

10 Those attending the Community Service Awards Ceremony are asked to bring their invitations as they will be asked to present arrival at the hotel. them (A) (B) (C) (D)

for from on out

www.nhantriviet.com

Part 6 Questions 11-13 refer to the following notice.

Notice to Employees Due to recent changes in occupational safety laws , Chubb Industries employees must agree to comply with the safety regulations described below. It has been noticed that certain employees are reporting to work without their safety gear. Protection goggles and the proper helmets must be worn all times while working on the assembly line. When substituting for another employee

11 (A) of

< 0

(B) at (C) by (D) on

n )>

"' c:

:;;:

""-<

during their absence , please make sure to operate the machinery

in order to avoid injury,

12 (A) cautiously (B) happily (C) preventively (D) pessimistically

•

or seek assistance from a manager before using the machines . Aside from safety issues, occasional equipment malfunctions have forced us to adopt biweekly inspections and maintenance procedures the aim of ensuring that machinery is running

13 (A) from (B) in (C) to (D) with

....

0

m

n

at optimum efficiency. Be sure to allow the technicians full access to you r workstation so that they can complete their work. In the event of any other unexpected issues that may delay productivity, report them immediately to the supervisor.

Answers: p. 554

"" ""'a. ::0

"'

Question Type and Useful Tips This type of question requires examinees to choose either a preposition or an adjective to form a correct collocation. 1. First, look for the preposition or adjective given before or after the gap . Then, choose an option that forms a collocation. 2. Next, put it into the whole sentence to see if it suits the context and the meaning of the sentence. Last, decide the answer choice .

The company is looking for someone who is paced environment and under time constraints. (A) liable

(B) capable

(C) eligible

of making important decisions in a fast(D) subject

look for I fast-paced [frestpeist] I under time constraints Answer: (B)

Please extend a warm welcome to Thomas Little, the new vice president and general manager of our product development unit. He comes to us from Believe Inc., a Canadian computer for all aspects of product design, graphics technology company, where he was (A) knowledgeable (C) responsible

(B) independent (D) subject

operations, and software processes. extend [ikstend] I vice president I operation [apareiJan] I process [proses] Answer: (C)


www.nhantriviet.com

Common Collocations

01

be native to

be nati ve to + noun phrase / region

The company is searching for a sales staff that is native to the local comm unity.

02

oa be known to A as B The recipient of a piece of information follows to ; a title/ position follows as .

Mr. Caison is known to the staff as a highly motivated CEO.

be responsible for

be responsible for = be in charge of

The recent storm damage to the Northgate Bridge is partly responsible for the terrible traffic problems in the city center.

og

be familiar with

Benson and Associates' security department requested that all staff be familiar with the new office security regulations . < 0

o3

be honored for

Mr. Jones was honored for his generous contributions to local charities at the awards ceremony last night.

04

be suitable for

The majority of films recently produced by Limelight studios are suitable for children of all ages.

1o be

contingent on

A is contingent on B = A depends on B

Funding for the project is contingent on the Board of Directors' decision .

11

be reliant on

be reliant on = rely on

Felicity Clothing is increasingly reliant on manufacturers of textiles and printed fabrics from Southeast Asia .

n

>

""c:

:; "' -<

•

os be exempt from Employees attending the Chicago Trade Fair are exempt from turning in receipts for their travel expenses.

12

be cognizant of

be cognizant of = be aware of

Physicians must be cognizant of medical regulations in the state where they practice. o6

be known for

n

.,"' "'c..

be known for + reason

The Ace Motors dealership is known for its excellent after-sales service.

13

be reflective of

be reflective of = reflect

Market conditions are often reflective of the current political state . 01

be superior to

To , not than , must follow superior.

Because of Sackhoff Supplies' high standards for product quality, its product is superior to other competitors' in the market.

www.nhantriviet.com

-<

0

m

14

be comparable to

To is followed by what is compared .

The size of the city is comparable to that of Philadelphia.

Chapter 02 Collocations with Adjectives - 251

:::J

"'

1s be responsive to

20

be concerned about/over = be worried

be responsive to + noun

be concerned about I over

The health club staff is responsive to its members' requests .

The organizers are concerned about the seating capacity of the room .

16

make checks payable to A

21

about

be critical of

This expression is commonly used in the US where people use personal checks.

Of is followed by what is criticized ; the adverb highly may be added to modify critical.

Make your checks payable to Squibb, Inc.

Human Resources managers should not be critical of employee suggestions.

11

be compatible with

be compatible with : work well together

Our software programs are compatible with the computer's hardware system .

1s be noted for

22

be concerned with

The article is concerned with the effects of a consumer boycott on unsafe food products.

23

be accustomed to

be noted for = be famous for = be well known for

be accustomed to + noun

The company is noted for the quality of its furniture .

Our regular customers are accustomed to consistently outstanding levels of service.

19

be uncertain about

24

be subject to

be uncertain about = be uncertain of

be subject to + noun

The committee said it is uncertain about the results of the study.

Building foundations are subject to damage from water and wind . Sick leave applications are subject to company approval.


www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE

••••••••••

Tick a correct option for each phrase or sentence.

01 be aware ~ ~~ the circumstances

02 be 0 det~ched to pursu ing a banki ng career o ded1cated

03 The effect was opposite ~ ~~ what we intended . <

0,...,

~rretrievable to the s b'ect 04 remarks that are 00 Irrelevant u l

)>

c: "" ,...)>

""-< 05 prices comparable ~ ~~ those of competitors

•

06 The new model is ~ =~~:~~~nal to the previous one.

07 be consistent ~ ~~th the company's code of ethics . o made 08 pillows 0 selected of 100 percent cotton 0 from

09 be absent 0 to

--<

0

m

the company gathering

,...,

.,""

"'

0..

"

<0

10 be full ~ ~~ expectations

11 be ideal 0 with young teens o for

12 be interested ~ ~~ product quality

Answers : p. 554

HA CK ERS

T E

ST


Part 5 01 Before downloading and installing any program , staff members should check with the company technician whether it is with the existing system. (A) (B) (C) (D)

undeniable amenable favorable compatible

06 The formation of a new team of representatives on how well the existing teams do is by the end of the quarter. (A) (B) (C) (D)

speculative contingent hopeful eventual

07 The new bank rules state that approval of a 02 The majority of Comstar's newly hired branch managers are are responsible for. (A) (B) (C) (D)

to the regions they

predicted native corresponding existent

client's loan application is verification and credit approval. (A) (B) (C) (D)

to income

necessary subject exposed internal

08 When ordering products from our mail-order

03 The company is committed to developing an excellent customer service department that is responsive patrons' needs and wishes . (A) (B) (C) (D)

on of to with

04 Individuals interested in establishing a business should be of the regulations on company filing set down by the Securities and Exchange Commission. (A) (B) (C) (D)

cogn izant ambitious oblivious reticent

05 Each year, Manu-Corp chooses a team to be honored their outstanding achievements in product development. (A) (B) (C) (D)

for to with at


catalogue , please ensure that all checks are made payable Gillian Sanders. (A) (B) (C) (D)

from in of to

09 The production manager at the Detroit plant is very about meeting the deadline scheduled for this sales quarter. (A) (B) (C) (D)

satisfied tired concerned confused

10 The staff at Blue Ribbon Corporation is to providing consistent, timely and quality service to company customers . (A) (B) (C) (D)

pledged concentrated offered dedicated

www.nhantriviet.com

Part 6 Questions 11-13 refer to th e following memo .

From: Richard Garfield, Vice President To: All marketing employees

According to the latest statistics, sales figures for the past quarter were subject to a negative trend to over the caused by the ongoing national economic slump. The growth that we had been 11 (A) familiar (B) accustomed (C) friendly (D) acquainted past two years has come to an abrupt end, with the public already reacting by curbing their spendof this ing on high-end goods and services. The recent decline in our sales figures is 12 (A) manageable (B) thoughtful (C) possible (D) reflective conservative consumer behavior. Senior management staff has therefore decided to significantly reduce our production targets in the information company's three-year development plan . We'll be making a presentation giving

< 0

n )> aJ

c:

);: ""-<

•

13 (A) absolute (B) insecure (C) detailed (D) constant

---<

0

m

n

about the new plan, which all marketing department employees will be required to attend, as the revisions will affect our advertising strategy. Check the website noticeboard for the date, time, and venue of the presentation .

Answers: p. 554

"'"'"" 0. """

,td\.· ~--'"

Chapter 03

Collocations with

~~.rbs (1~)~

(j?

~.

-~·:;

'; "; .;~-,- ({~.

Question Type and Useful Tips This type of question requires examinees to choose either a verb or a preposition to form a correct collocation . 1. First, look for the verb or preposition given before or after the gap. Then, choose an option that forms a collocation.

2. Next, put it into the whole sentence to see if it suits the context and the meaning of the sentence. Last, decide the answer choice.

Although the director wants his staff to minimize mistakes, he also knows his employees can benefit such experiences . (A) from

(B) with

(C) to

(D) of

Answer: (A)

There are a number of commonly used psychological management techniques that can help achieve a successful outcome when dealing with difficult employees. For example, while they are speaking, you should carefully to their arguments to let them know you value their (A) pay (C) assist

(B) consider (D) listen

opinions before firmly raising the issues which need to be addressed. psychological [saikal6djikal ] I outcome [autk .\m] I value [va'!lj u:] I address [adres] Answer: (D)

256


www.nhantnviet.com

Common Collocations

01

commit oneself to

commit A to 8 = give A to 8

We have committed ourselves to maintaining a high level of customer service within the hospitality industry.

02

be divided into

os compensate A for 8 compensate A for 8 : pay A money because he/she has suffered B (injury, loss or damage)

The broadcaster compensated Dr. Bland for the damage caused by the report.

og

replace A with 8

Divide is used in the passive form.

replace A with 8 = replace A by 8

Because of the large number of participants at the workshop , attendees were divided into smaller groups.

If any of our products are damaged during shipment, we will replace them immediately with new ones.

< 0

n )>

o3

qualify for

qualify for = be eligible for

Applicants must possess at least three years' experience in accounting to qualify for a job interview.

04

10

submit something to someone = hand in something to someone

All registration forms which are submitted to our clinic will be kept on file for two years from the date of receipt.

collaborate on something

collaborate with someone: work with someone on something

The two firms want to collaborate on a landmark research project on DNA sequencing.

11

Office regulations discourage employees from making personal telephone calls during office hours.

interfere with

Chronic stress can interfere with the function of the immune system .

12

os discourage A from 8

be submitted to

The new office facilities come complete with a staff lounge and parking spaces.

A is aimed at 8

attribute A to 8

Analysts attribute the current market boom to an increase in individual investors.

contend with

contend with : deal with a difficult or unpleasant situation

respond to + noun

The client responded positively to our proposal for the new advertising campaign .

0

m

a.

14

respond to

.....

."'""

The new F-series sports car is aimed at young business executives .

01

• n

13

o6

"" -<

come complete with

attribute A to 8 = A is attributed to 8

Aim is mostly used in the passive form.

c "' );

Do not confuse it with be content with which means be happy or satisfied with.

Bakery companies have to contend with a decreasing demand for baked products .

"'"

1s charge something to somewhere/something

20

associate with

charge an amount of money for something

associate with somebody = spend time with somebody

Please charge the repairs to my credit card.

The company's consultant closely associated with a competing firm .

16

restrict something to a particular group

A is restricted to B

Access is restricted to authorized personnel only.

11

21

Factors contributing to globalization include technological innovation and world economic integration .

result from

result from + cause result in + result

The manufacturer will not be accountable for damage resulting from misuse.

1s be faced with be faced with a situation = face I deal with a situation

Faced with a large debt, the company declared bankruptcy.

22

dispose of

When disposing of expired credit cards , it is wise to cut them in half.

258


check A for B

It is recommended that consumers check their credit reports for errors at least once a year.

23

congratulate someone on something

We want to congratulate Mr. Grant on his recent promotion.

24

19

contribute to

comply with+ rule/regulation

Tenants are asked to comply with the building 's rules and regulations .

www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE • • • • • • •

•••••

Tick a correct option for each phrase or sentence. 01 be accompanied

g~~

02 prohibit customers 03 experiment

a cover letter

g~r~~r smoking

g~~~~ feasible alternatives

04 Fill this out and

g~:!~~~e it to the front desk.

05 Price increases depend

06 The complex consists

<

g~~ the cost of gasoline .

g~j

0

n

l>
c

;;: "' -<

two-bedroom houses.

in d. . 07 engage D D to a ISCUSSIOn

08 The merger could lead

g:~ layoffs.

along . 09 compete D for a promot1on 0

10 Lockers will be 0 assigned t 0 II t ff D assumed

a sa ·

. 11 Emp Ioyees are D entailed 0 entitled to overt1me pay.

12 regard the decision

13 be subjected

g~ith

.....

g:~ a mistake

0

m

n

"' "'""c.

"""'

high temperatures

14 8 onuses are related D to for performance. 0

15 cars equipped 16

g~th an anti-theft device

D throw . 0 drape the table wrth a cloth

17 b e ·mvo Ive d D at in corporate finance 0 Answers: p. 554

HA C K E RS

T EST


Part 5 01 Semiconductor companies around the world have had to with increasingly lower demand and plummeting values on the stock exchange. (A) (B) (C) (D)

replace contend group reward

02 Software Mode and a top Japanese electronics manufacturer will collaborate the design and production of a new hand-held device . (A) (B) (C) (D)

for by with on

03 We usually contend

the pressures of work at the end of each month. (A) (B) (C) (D)

with to about for

06 Admittance to the special showing is to members of the club and their guests. (A) (B) (C) (D)

conscripted restricted denied released

07 All interested applicants must provide their bank account information and a salary statement from their employer in order to for a bank loan . (A) (B) (C) (D)

submit qualify request reserve

08 All visitors to the San Diego Zoo are kindly requested to refrain animals. (A) (B) (C) (D)

feeding the

from with to of

09 The sudden increase in sales of Superslim

04 Wynonna Goldstein has committed herself increasing sales for the housewares department by 5 percent for th is year.

to their appearance mobile phones is in a popular television drama series which is currently showing on NATV.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

for at in to

05 After returning from his trip to Asia , the

prohibited attributed contributed distributed

10 The human resources director sent out a

president the branch heads on the agreement entered into by the firm .

employees memo in an effort to from taking lunch breaks exceeding one hour.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

communicated told briefed explained


imply detain relieve discourage

www.nhantriviet.com

Part 6 Questions 11-13 refer to th e following letter.

Hi-Net Cable Internet James Walter, Customer Service Representative 867 East Valley Trail NW Great Falls, Montana 68750 Dear Mr. Walter, This letter is to notify you of an

amount which appears on the billing statement for my 11 (A) ultimate (B) effective (C) incorrect (D) unclaimed

new account. I signed up for Internet service last week, which I was told costs only $35 per month . my first bill. It seems However, I've discovered that an amount of $50 has been charged

12 (A) of (B) at (C) to (D) by that when I applied, the clerk mistakenly registered me for a high-speed connection, although I clearly asked for standard . I called my bank this morning to alter the automatic payment on this account, but the first transaction had already gone through and apparently cannot be reversed . Please reply as soon as possible to confirm that future bills will be correct , and also to let me know whether I am to a refund for this month's inaccurate charges.

13 (A) entailed (B) entertain ed (C) entitled (D) entered Sincerely, Eleanor Briggs

Answers: p. 555

< 0

n

)>

c: "'

);:

-< "'

•• •

Question Types and Useful Tips These types of questions require examinees to choose either a verb or a preposition /noun I adjective to form a correct collocation. 1. First, look for the verb or preposition /noun I adjective given before or after the gap. Then , choose an option that forms a collocation. 2. Next, put it into the whole sentence to see if it suits the context and the meaning of the sentence. Last, decide the answer choice.

Allan Parker got

the required interviews and then waited a month before the company

finally got in touch with him. (A) about

(B) despite

(C) above

(D) through

require [rikwaiar] I get in touch with Answer: (D)

Every time you begin and end a shift, you'll need to have your card swiped by the attendant at the staff entrance. If you lose your card during your shift, report it to security, where you will be able to apply for a new one and out manually before leaving the building. (A) block (C) sign shift

(B) fill (D) phase

[fiftl I swipe [swaip] I apply for I manually [mrenjuali]

Answer: (C)

Common Collocations 01 call for Mosaic Tech. provides more than 120 call centers around the world to help its customers when they call for technical support while using its software.

02 take over Ms. Sedaris will take over as vice president of sales when Mr. Fey retires next month .

o3

look into = examine/investigate

The finance division has looked into the errors and corrected them .

og

Those wishing to take time off for summer vacation must turn in their requests by the end of May.

This software allows users to easily keep track of inventory. <

10

John took the past year's market conditions into account when writing the annual report.

os keep records of The marketing department implemented a daily report system to keep better records of the progress of projects .

0 ,.., )>

""

look for = search for

c

The article gives advice on what to look for when buying a camera.

"'-<

11

look over something

The manager looked over the documents before making a decision .

keep in touch with

Richard Gates, the vice president of the legal firm, keeps in touch with many of his employees at other branches by videophone .

run the risk of

All assembly line workers should wear safety helmets, or they run the risk of injury.

121ook upon A as B

);;

•

The company looks upon Asia as a potential market for its products.

13

01

look for

take - into account

take something into account = take account of something: consider something

06

keep track of

keep track of: keep oneself updated

turn in

turn in = submit

04

oslook into

draw on+ technique/experience

-< 0

,..,m "'"'

This collocation means use information or your knowledge of something to help you do something.

..

When starting your own business, draw on your experience as a customer.

"'"

a.

14

defy description

defy description = be beyond description This collocation is used to express something that you cannot describe accurately because of its great size, quality, or level.

The subtle flavor of the soup of the day defies description.

1s hold back This collocation means not do something, often because of fear.

Please don't hold back your opinions on the new product design .

20

Due to increased competition in the food industry, Hills Natural Foods went through a difficult time financially.

21

16

bring A to a halt

A loss of power will never bring operations to a halt because the manufacturing plant has two generators .

account for

Benefits account for only 20 percent of payroll costs . The recent increase in the cost of raw materials accounts for the rise in prices of our products.

The landlord has every intention of making improvements to the building .

After the expansion of the computer software department, it made sense to hire another full-time technician.

19

have A in common

The quality control inspector has determined that the assembly line errors made this morning had nothing in common.


check in

This collocation means give one's personal details to the person working at the reception desk at an airport or in a hotel.

Guests are required to check in before 10 a.m.

23

1a make sense

have every intention of V-ing

have no intention of V- ing

22 11

go through

place A on standby

This collocation is used mainly at the airport when customers are put on a waiting list for a flight.

The passenger was placed on standby for the next possible flight.

24

stand in for

This col location means take somebody's job temporarily.

As Patrick Chang is sick, Tracy Morgan will be standing in for him today.

www .nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE

•••••••••••


01 Office supplies are running

g~~~rt.

. 02 take o0 advantage of the lower pnces benefit

03 The bill comes into ~ ~~eu~! in July. <

04

0

o in for . put 0 back in a two-week vacat1on

n )>

"" c:

:; "' -<

05 take ~ ~~~ecare of the customer's complaint

•

06 check ~ ~ff at the airport

07 The debate came ~ !~ an end .

08 ~ ~::~oach for full-time work __,

09 Spring sales helped make ~ ~~t for a slow winter.

0

m

n

.,"'"'

a_

=>

<0

10 care ~ ~i:h a family

11 follow ~ ~tfr~~gh to the promise to raise salaries

12 do one's oo innermost utmost

Answers: p. 555

H A C K E R S


T ES T

Part 5 01 The factory manager brings the assembly line to a

if a defective auto part is found .

(A) block (B) quit (C) stay (D) halt

02 Mayflower Bank recommends that all their customers keep of their account deposits and withdrawals in case of a technical error. (A) (B) (C) (D)

points requirements grades records

03 With the loss of 10 percent of their customer base over the past six months, the company some major changes. is now (A) (B) (C) (D)

pulling in going through looking over laying off

04 Following

his pledge to improve the company's working environment, Mr. Lawson has had the entire office renovated and equipped with up-to-date machines. (A) out in (B) throughout (C) up on (D) across with

06 Please be reminded that all electronic equipment must be packaged carefully or else it runs the risk damage during shipment. (A) (B) (C) (D)

to for of by

07 The factory owner

production on standby when it became impossible to meet product demand due to insufficient raw materials. (A) (B) (C) (D)

placed viewed emitted occupied

08 Upon arrival at the airport, passengers must check counters.

at any one of the designated

(A) on (B) off (C) in (D) up

09 The recent increase in Enderby Manufacturing's market share for their decision to build a new factory near Minneapolis. (A) accounts

(B) changes (C) explains (D) requires

05 The supplies at the photo developing shop were running , prompting Mr. Lark to send his assistant out to buy what was needed. (A) (B) (C) (D)

deep long fast short


10 Meeting attendees are requested not to hold opinions which may contribute to the fulfillment of project goals. (A) away (B) from

(C) back (D) at

www.nhantriviet.com

Voc A

8U

LA

y

R


As bank interest rates for savings accounts continue to decline, building up a retirement fund isn't as easy today as it used to be thirty years ago . Extensive financial knowledge is a highly beneficial when dealing with today's multitude of ways in which to develop personal investments.

11 (A) draft (B) evaluation (C) asset (D) margin < 0

n

Due to the complicated nature of the field, most people choose to enlist the services of an experienced broker. However, personal investors are increasingly relying on their own resources when handling their finances . They on media such as online forums , business journals ,

)>

"'c

> "' -<

12 (A) seek (B) select (C) refer (D) draw and periodicals, where they read up on companies' stability and profitability in order to improve their own expertise, rather than depending on a third party to do it for them . After having

13 (A) seen

•

(B) looked (C) viewed (D) watched over the vast amount of online and published information available, investors then use their newly gained knowledge of the market to safely decide where to invest their capital.

___, 0

m

n

"' "''"c.. :::> <.C

Answers: p. 555

Question Type and Useful Tips This type of question requires examinees to choose either a noun or a preposition to form a correct collocation. 1. First, look for the noun or preposition given before or after the gap. Then , choose an option that forms a collocation . 2. Next, put it into the whole sentence to see if it suits the context and the meaning of the sentence. Last, decide the answer choice .

Because of accumulated stress at work, many of our staff members choose to have more vacation time rather than a pay (A) growth

(B) lift

(C) increase

(D) climb

Answer: (C)

Today's Business Line column focuses on how to calculate your tax properly under the newly introduced corporate tax system. It is written by Jan Delpratt, a senior executive of Merchant Associates , the nation's largest accounting firm , and a regular to The National

(A) winner (C) participant

(B) contributor (D) contestant

Business Review. focus on I corporate tax I accounting [akauntil)] Answer: (B)

\A/\AI\AI

nh:~~ntri\li.o.t

rnm

Common Collocations 01

technical description

The report is a technical description of the new equipment needed for our research laboratory.

os

office efficiency

fuel efficiency production efficiency

Providing a comfortable environment will improve office efficiency. 02

apology for

Please accept our apologies for the delay, and we hope you have a pleasant flight.

og preference

for

Recent studies showed customers' preference for booking air tickets online. o3

signs of wear

signs of wear = signs of damage

The hotel facilities were out of date and had started to show signs of wear.

< 0

n

1o media

coverage

This collocation implies the reporting of a particular event or piece of news.

o4 contribution to Ms. Milson is very involved with community programs and makes frequent contributions to local charities .

accounts payable department

This collocation refers to the department which takes care of unpaid debts. accounts payable accounts receivable

Reimbursements for travel expenses will be paid out by the accounts payable department.

> "" -<

Media coverage of the new product launch helped raise the brand's profile.

11

obligation to

have no obligation to

os

)>

c: "'

Guests have no obligation to pay for their bill until the final day of their stay at the hotel.

12

•

attendance records

Employees' attendance records are confirmed each month before paychecks are issued .

-< 0

m

n

OG compliance

with + rule/law/ reg ulation

The company operates in full compliance with current export laws.

01

discussion on

The public relations officer arranged for a press conference and discussion on the company's new medical breakthrough .

13

mastermind behind

Mastermind behind something refers to the person who comes up with all strategies/details/plans for an important event.

Mr. Grieves is the mastermind behind the candidate's new campaign strategy.

14

problem with

The staff is having a problem with their computers' operating system .

....""

c._

"

""

1s safety precautions Safety precautions refers to actions that are done to keep safety. Precaution is a count noun, so the indefinite article a is used if it is in the singular form (a safety precaution). Another common collocation is fire precautions which refers to actions that are done to prevent fire.

Construction workers were reminded to follow safety precautions at all times .

16

baggage allowance

A form of identification may be a driving licence, an identity card, or a passport.

A form of identification is necessary to collect the package at the post office.

20

taxes on

The Revenue Department decided not to impose extra taxes on rice imports.

This collocation means the weight of suitcases or bags that you are allowed to take onto an aircraft.

Beginning in January, the carry-on baggage allowance for all international flights will be twelve kilos .

11

21

system failures

system failures : system malfunctions or breakdowns

Due to repeated system failures, the current computer operating system will be changed .

performance appraisal

Performance appraisal indicates a meeting between a worker and their manager in order tq discuss how well they are doing in their work.

The manager has to carry out monthly performance appraisals.

1s time constraints Due to time constraints, the staff will continue the discussion tomorrow .

22

confidence in

have confidence in somebody

I have every confidence in Mrs . Foster's ability to manage the project successfully.

23

commitment to

commitment to + noun

We have an abiding commitment to providing individualized service to customers .

labor productivity

The bestselling book talks about innovative ways to improve staff productivity.

270 - H

HACKERS PRACTICE

••••••••••••

Tick a correct option for each phrase or sentence. 01

°o enclosure exposure to moisture

02 Check the 0 overh~ad compartments. o overlaid

of t' f t' 03 guarantee o 0 with sa IS ac 1on <

0

n

l>

04 D Con!idential security will be enforced. o Max1mum

c: "' :;;: -< "'

05 the written consent ~ ~Y the patient

.

o

•

for

06 a keen mterest 0 in suburban development

o participants 07 conference 0 tenants

08 taxes ~ ~~ luxury goods --< 0

m

n

. regard o for 09 have little of the safety of employees 0

"'.,"'

Q_

:::> <0

of h . ht 10 an advocate o 0 by uman ng s

11 a dispute 0 above wheat prices 0 over

0 concern ing shipping charges . 12 quest 1ons 0 by

Answers: p. 555

HA C K E R S


T EST

Part 5 01 Because of time

, Mr. Pelham scheduled a second meeting to discuss items that were not taken up on the agenda. (A) (B) (C) (D)

inhibitions necessities obstacles constraints

06 Attendees to the product demonstration are to make any purchase.

under no (A) (B) (C) (D)

requirement guarantee obl igation reservation

07 The instruction manual for Xenith 's PD-320 02 The store's website charges local sales tax all items purchased by individuals living in the state of Indiana.

description of how laser printer is a the machine operates and also shows the installation procedure .

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

on by at in

03 Beginning next week, the bank will require

08 Before your flight takes off, make sure the

of identification when cashing two checks and making withdrawals.

closed .

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

terms marks forms prints

04 The office furniture at Solar Company

compartments have been securely overlaid overhead overdue overpowered

09 The museum director has full confidence

established ten years ago has recently begun to show signs of and age.

the new curator's ability to organize and display the exhibits.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

wear limit failure form

05 Even for domestic flights , baggage

272

periodic informative technical careful

by with on in

10 Indira Masilimony will lead a discussion at

is three pieces of checked luggage as long as the largest bag does not exceed 62 inches in length .

the International Commerce Conference the emerging marketplaces in China and India.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

permission allowance estimation weight

Hackers TOEIC Rea ding

at by on out

www.nhantriviet.com

Part 6 Questions 11-13 refer to the following article .

Security Chip Set to Reduce Fraud In our rapidly modernizing world, more and more shoppers prefer to purchase everyday items by credit card more than any other method . As a result, credit card consumers have become increasingly vulnerable to fraudulent transactions . But due to the efforts and innovative vision of Monica Hynde, the mastermind a new, remarkably secure identification chip , shoppers will soon

11 (A) below

< 0 ,....,

(B) among (C) behind (D) about

)>

c: "'

> "" -<

be able to make easier and safer purchases . Her team of top researchers took two years to develop the technology, based on a small chip which contains the cardholder's personal information. Strict standards were followed in developing this unit, to ensure with the government's privacy regulations . The mechanism identifies

12 (A) tolerance (B) compliance (C) application (D) reliance purchasers, confirms their identity and minimizes potential consumer risks when making transacby most major tions . Manufacturers anticipate that the new security chip system will be 13 (A) implemented (B) interpreted (C) notified (D) fulfilled credit card companies by the end of next year.

Answers: p. 555

•

Question Types and Useful Tips These types of questions require examinees to choose a missing part of a collocation which is a combination of adjective + noun, verb + noun, adverb + adjective. For example, broad knowledge, raise a question , readily available, etc. 1. First, look at the words right before or after the gap. Then, choose an option that forms a chunk or combination .

2. Next, put it into the whole sentence to see if it suits the context and the meaning of the sentence. Last, decide the answer choice.

Applicants unable to of time. (A) meet

(B) come

their appointment with the interviewer must call one day ahead (C) carry

(D) keep

ahead of I keep an appoi ntment Answer: (D)

The city branch of Warehouse Office Products Ltd. is open for business between the hours of

9 a.m . and 5 p.m. Monday through Saturday. Parking is available in the lot on the corner of spots only, so take care to ensure that you do not

7th and East Jefferson Streets in

(A) designated

(B) located

(C) replaced

(D) received

park in a tow-away area. lot [lot] I spot [spat] I tow-away Answer: (A)


www.nhantriviet.com

Common Collocations

01

deliver a presentation

os to better serve customers

deliver a presentation = make a presentation

Better is a comparative adverb modifying serve .

The director of marketing delivered a short presentation on the plans for product expansion .

Verizon Enterprises set up an Internet-based helpline on their website to better serve their customers.

02

standard price

The standard price of our copiers is a bit higher than that of our competitors , but the quality of our after-service is much better.

o3

win one's award

Dr. Peters won his excellence award from the Faculty of Environmental Studies for his research on renewable energy sources. <

conduct a survey

DPI Telecom will conduct a survey to determine customers' telephone habit for developing a new phone plan .

o4

og

display a parking permit = show

display

All staff must display a parking permit on the front window of their vehicles .

0 n

1o established

company

UK Tools is an established company with a reputation for providing quality products.

11

fiscal year

This collocation refers to a financial year which is a period of twelve months (not always January to December) for which a business plans its management of money.

The financial outlook for the next fiscal year is promising .

)>

c "'

).;:

"' -<

•

os fulfill orders fulfill an order I orders : provide what customers have ordered

CIT Technology shipping department is responsible for fulfilling orders for their machinery.

12

do business with ::c

The company is going to do business with a supplier in Southeast Asia.

"' "'""' n

~

--< 0

m

n

oG

superb attention to detail

superb: of the highest quality

The accountant's superb attention to detail has made him a valuable employee.

13

After unusually cold weather, the temperature should return to normal by Friday.

14

o1 accept an application Omniphone is now accepting applications for four regional sales manager positions.

return to normal

surrounding cities

surrounding cities : the cities around/nearby

Tourism officials hope visitors from surrounding cities will attend the centennial celebration .

"' "'

"'c..

"""

1s strictly limited Strict ly is used to emphasize that something is exactly or only a particular type of thing. Strictly speaking is used to show that somebody is trying to be accurate.

20

highly qualified

highly: of high level, very Highly is often found in highly successful or highly unlikely.

The company is seeking a highly qualified candidate to fill the pos ition .

The number of rebates is strictly limited to one per customer. 21 16

economic forecast

forecast: prediction

work extended hours

work extended hours = work overtime

To meet the increasing demands, factory employees will have to work extended hours.

The newly released economic forecast predicts a rise in interest rates . 22

11

make a call

make progress : improve make a request/ requests : request

When making an out-of-office call, remem,ber to dial 9 first.

The company does not expect a lag in demand in the foreseeable future.

23

1s prospective employee prospective: potential prospective buyer

Prospective employees are required to make a five-minute presentation .

readily available

read ily available : easily found

Applications are readily available at the administrative office.


heavily discounted

heavily: in large amounts Heavily is also found in rain heavily.

High-performance computers have been heavily discounted after a slump in sales.

24

19

in the foreseeable future

This collocation means for as far in the future as can be determined, based on what is known now.

combined experience

Combined is a past participle used as an adjective, which refers to something formed by adding things together.

The team 's combined experience is a plus for the company.


••••••••••••

HACKERS PRACT ICE


01 a /an ~ ~:s~~%ly recognizable brand . o soundly 02 take customer pnvacy 0 seriously 03 earn a 0 wage o pay

.

0 uncontrolled

04 The car lease agreement 1ncludes 0 unlimited .

. m1les.

o offers

<

05 promot1onal 0 judgements 06

0 ,..., )>

"" c

°o extremely successful exactly

;;;: -< "'

°

~nvoked decision 07 an 0 mformed

08

°0 apprehend catch one's attention .

o extreme

09 Handle the crystal w1th 0 steep

•

care.

10 b o pes~imistically optimistic e o caut1ously

o ability

11 a vested o interest 12 th 0 f~'"!lished product e o fm1shed

--<

0

m

,...,

visual aids 13 oo observed

.

"'"'

c..

:::>

14

° ~nh~rently

an o msmcerely

""

risky business

, o accountability

15 meet one s 0 needs 0 high

16 reach one's 0 full

. potential

17 the 0 upcoming election o hereafter

18

°o ra1se in~uire public awareness Answers: p. 555

HA C K ERS


T EST

Part 5 01 The director has every confidence that the qualified trainers will design a program that will meet the needs of the new accountants. (A) (B) (C) (D)

highly acutely severely blandly

06 The packaging of a product is the first thing shoppers see, so it must be attractive enough to their attention. (A) (B) (C) (D)

decide bring catch notice

07 Farscape Manufacturing will need to increase 02 Browder Electronics' research department is going to a survey to find out about customer satisfaction with their line of kitchen appliances. (A) (B) (C) (D)

meet conduct predict mention

their production staff by 2 percent if they want to all orders by the end of the summer. (A) (B) (C) (D)

affect fulfill restrain notify

08 With market demand at an all-time low, the 03 Many low-income full-time workers must take up a second job to (A) (B) (C) (D)

a decent wage .

catch win gain earn

04 Virginia Hey, our production manager, will

05

manager does not think he will be hiring any future . new workers in the (A) (B) (C) (D)

ongoing foreseeable surfacing prevalent

09 Unions and factory employees have actively

a presentation on the feasibility of the equipment upgrade.

involved themselves in the election .

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

deliver proceed obtain agree

employees must have a valid driver's license and two years' experience in transporting dangerous chemicals . (A) (B) (C) (D)

Probable Disgruntled Prospective Eventual


mayoral

forward prepared upcoming prospective

10 About half of the employees have volunteered to work hours to meet consumer demand for the busy holiday season. (A) (B) (C) (D)

potential fortified extended previous

www.nhantriviet.com

Part 6 Questi ons 11-13 refer to the following advertisement.

Bargain Book Bazaar! Novel Ideas Bookstore will be holding its annual clearance sale between 9 a.m . and 4 p.m. this Saturday, offering enormous discounts on all novels , periodicals , and travel guides. And why stop your knowledge by upgrading your business at read ing just for pleasure when you can

11 (A) multiply (B) broaden (C) dilate (D) impress

<

0

n )>

c "'

):;: "'-<

etiquette, learning gourmet cooking , trekking around the world , or refreshing your knowledge of world history? All extra stock will be

discounted , with prices 50 to 80 percent off the original cost!

•

12 (A) busily (B) safely (C) solely (D) heavily As we only hold th is closeout sale once a year , purchases will be

limited to eight books

13 (A) strictly (B) ten sely (C) densely (D) compactly per person so that everyone gets a fair share of the bargains.

Answers:

p. 555

280

www.nhantriviet.com

Section 2 Content Words Chapter 07 - Verbs Chapter 08 - Nouns Chapter 09 - Adjectives Chapter 10 -Adverbs

Question Type and Useful Tips This type of question requires examinees to choose a verb that is appropriate for the context. 1. You should look for the key word(s) in the sentence to be able to select a correct option. 2. Then , for transitive verbs, you should pay attention to nouns that can be the direct objects

collocating with certain transitive verbs. You should also pay attention to subject-verb agreement in the passive voice.

The popularity of low-carbohydrate diets has been declining, so food companies have decided to their production of low-carbohydrate products. (A) discontinue (B) disallow (C) disband (D) disengage popularity [papjulierati] I carbohydrate [ka:rbouhiidreit] I diet [daiat] I product [prodAkt] Answer: (A)

Workers are reminded to ensure that each workstation is clean and each machine is running up to code before signing out this evening. The annual inspection, which is scheduled for tomorrow afternoon , will be by government-designated inspectors to ensure that factories (A) alerted (C) protected

(B) cond ucted (D) engaged

are operating according to safety standards. workstation [wa:rksteiJan] I up to code I annual inspection I safety standards Answer: (B)


www.nhantriviet.com

Common Verbs 01

hold

[houldl

Every three months the marketing department holds seminars to keep the staff updated on sales trends.

02

reject frid3ektJ

reject: not agree to an offer I proposal I request/ suggestion I plan

Because we couldn 't think of a cheaper method of production , the director rejected our proposal for the new line of motorcycles.

01

exceed

[iksi:dl

Airline policy states that carry-on baggage on all domestic flights must not exceed a weight of ten kilograms .

os address [adres] Labor Union officials will address concerns about the recent changes to employee benefits packages. < 0

n

l>

og appoint [ap5int;.>_.l_~-------__J o3

assure [aftiar]

assure someone+ that- clause

The chairman assured the investors that the merger would not affect the value of their company shares.

shrink [friiJk]

The company appoints a new financial officer annually to oversee the cost of production .

last [lrestl

The ink cartridges for our printers are guaranteed to last longer than those of our competitors .

shrink: become smaller in size or quantity

The opening of the Kryton Superstore is one of the major reasons that sales in small local businesses started to shrink.

11

peak

[pi:k]

The cost of renting office space in the financial district peaked in September, forcing Aston Accounting to look for workspace in other areas.

os reserve [riza~:r:....:v~J-----~~--_._J reserve = book

Those attending the packaging and promotions .conference must arrange their own flights and reserve their own hotel accommodations.

12

inaugurate [in5:gjureitl

A new direct air route between Geneva and Bangkok was officially inaugurated yesterday. lona Yang was inaugurated Wednesday as the

5th

president of the board of directors. 06

forward [f:>:r~w:.:.:a~r....::d~]-~---~----'

forward A to B

The vice president has asked his secretary to forward all his calls to the hotel in Stockholm where he's attending the medical conference .

> "'-<

appoint somebody appoint someone as + title / position

10

04

c: "'

n distract [distrrektl This verb is commonly used in the passive form (distracted), which means be unable to concentrate because somebody is worried about something .

Conference participants were continuously distracted by noise from the construction site. Chapter 07 Verbs - 283

•

14

represent [reprizent]

These figures represent a significant increase in profits, especially in the South American market.

1s retain [ritein] The city council will not issue new building permits unless developers promise to retain the historical beauty of the neighborhood .

16

hesitate [hezateit]

21

convene [kanvi:n)

The board of directors will convene next Monday to discuss the proposed expansion.

22

coordinate [kou:S:rdaneit)

The ideal applicant for this marketing position will be able to coordinate the activities of buyers and sellers in the retail industry.

23

relocate [ri:loukeit] ----~----------------~ = move

Do not hesitate to + bare infinitive

relocate

Do not hesitate to contact one of our representatives if you need any further information .

Valentia announced plans to relocate its manufacturing plant to China.

curb [ka:rb] _ _ _ _ _ _ _~---'

verify [verafai] ~--------------------~ verify = confirm

curb = restrain

Please include the original receipt in order to verify the date of purchase.

Higher energy costs will likely curb fuel and electricity usage.

17

1s rush [rAJ] rush to + bare infinitive

The product development team rushed to complete the new design before the deadline.

24

2s

Supervisors are expected to delegate responsibilities in a timely and efficient manner.

26 19

violate [vaialeitl

Restaurateurs must be careful not to violate any health regulations.

alter [5:ltar],_ _ _~------__J

alter = change

Because the content had been altered significantly, the editor suggested that the writer also change the title of the article.

284

Hackers TOEJC Reading

accommodate [akamadeitl

The luxurious beachfront rooms can easily accommodate up to seven guests.

21 20

delegate [deligeitl

broaden [br:S:dnl

The grant allows us to broaden our research into several different areas. Travel broadens the mind .

www.nhantriviet.com

28

implement [implament]

implement = carry out

----·--~----------~

Sun Telecom has implemented a new policy on long-distance rates .

29

indicate [indikeitl~----------~--·-----

33

supplement [s.Aplament]

Although he earns a competitive wage as a research analyst, Mr. Evans supplements his income by working as second job on Saturdays.

34

acquire [akwaiar] ~--~~--~--------~

indicate + that-clause

acquire = get , gain

Studies indicate that employee performance is linked to job satisfaction.

The developers wish to acquire land for a new industrial park. < 0

n

)>

30

patronize [peitranaiz]

Younger people are more likely to patronize modern health facilities than the elderly.

31

obstruct [abstr.Akt]

Before driving, adjust the rear view mirror so that nothing obstructs your view .

35

c: "' ,....

emerge [ima:rd3l

)>

PharmaMed has emerged as a new force in the pharmaceutical market.

36

"'-<

deposit [dipa='z=it::1.]-----~---'

deposit money deposit checks

Payments must be deposited into our bank account by the last day of each month .

alleviate [ali:vieitJ alleviate = reduce , relieve 32

•

In an effort to alleviate traffic congestion , the city introduced new bus lanes . --<

0

m

n

"' "' '" :::>

0.

<0

www.nhantriviet.com

Chapter 07 Verbs - 285

Common Expressions with Verbs

01 anticipate a decrease in sales 02 justify the time spent

03 gauge the applicants' abilities 04 solicit bids 05 release funds 06 The merger will help the company diversify. 07 curb the economic recovery

08 inspect product quality 09 authorize a second printing 10 terminate the agreement 11 automate computer tasks 12 utilize a new method 13 taste some local dishes 14 supply training handouts 15 prevent construction accidents 16 His skills match the job responsibilities. 17 a bus bearing a large advertisement

18 The name is engraved in gold. 19 redesign the display window 20 devise a new plan

21 reveal the company's plan 22 allocate funds for improvements

23 Audits are regularly scheduled . 24 prohibit smoking indoors 25 The work was proceeding as planned. 26 attract bargain hunters 27 Your expertise benefits the company.


www.nhantriviet.com

28 be reprimanded for procrastinating

29

renew the contract

30

affix the stamp to the envelope

31 need to obtain a license 32 prescribe diabetes medication

33

handle the packages with care

34 detach the last section of the form

<

0

n

>

35 order a new edition

"'c:

36 adopt a new strategy

"'-<

>

37 review the year-end report 38 reward one's efforts 39 Growth is not expected to abate. 40 dilute the concentrate with water

•

41 bill guests for room service 42 in order for the rebate to apply 43 oversee operations in Asia 44 refuse damaged goods 45 confirm the reservation 46 present an official ID card 47 submit photocopies 48 The bar graph illustrates the dip in sales. 49 follow the directions 50 The report asserts that reorganization is needed. 51 forfeit one's driver's license 52 consolidate their market standing 53 The message should be conveyed to new staff. 54 require more information

www.nhantriviet.com

Chapter 07 Verbs

287

••• ••••••••

HACKERS PRACTICE

Tick a correct verb in each phrase or sentence.

01 Revenue estimates ~ ~;~~itate to be optimistic. 02 03 04

°o orgamze accu~ulate one's thoughts ° release a decline in sales o cause

°o travel visit the head office

05 It is

~ =~~=~ted that the

CEO will resign .

°0 thmk c~nsider the current market value 07 ° send a reliable delivery company 0 use 06

08 The

package ~ ~nu~lr~~~sds

airfare.

09 The analyst 0 predicts that stock prices will rise. o prepares 10

°o wea~en the invitation decline

11

°o co~plete the paperwork not1fy

. o declared. 12 A new product w1ll be 0 introduced .

13 o examine the files

o

look

14 o incline market share

o

expand

15 o labor

0 employ

16

outdoors

°o avo1d ren~w a production slowdown o

reminded

17 Employees are 0 remembered .

0 wear

18 The sh1rt does not 0 fit 19

that S +

v·

the customer.

°o control offer patrons a better deal

20 D ~nduce the disk into the computer o msert Answers : p. 555


www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS

C Time lim1t: 12 m1nutes

T EST

Part 5

01 Those wishing to

a room at the hotel for the Asian Export Conference are urged to contact the travel agent as soon as possible. (A) (B) (C) (D)

appoint require reserve attach

02 Some supervisors are reluctant to responsibilities because they know they will be held accountable if something goes wrong . (A) ask (B) delegate (C) encourage (D) share

06 Diners are more likely to

restaurants that serve excellent food and provide friendly service. (A) (B) (C) (D)

encourage promote patronize nurture

07 A number of studies

that allowing employees greater leeway to make decisions gives them a greater sense of responsibility at the workplace.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

<

0

n )>

"" c

> -< "'

interpret indulge indicate induce

03 The building owner generally does not tenants to make renovations in their units. (A) (B) (C) (D)

permit commit transm it submit

04 A group of environmentalists

concerns about recent drastic environmental change including temperature increases in Northern Canada and Russia .

(A) (B) (C) (D)

requested left understood addressed

05 In order to

traffic on the roads, the Ministry of Transportation has begun a campaign to encourage individuals to use public transportation. (A) (B) (C) (D)

alleviate assist deteriorate remove

www.nhantriv1et.com

08 The annual office equipment convention will be on May 7 in Barcelona, so those wishing to attend must file a request with the office manager. (A) held (B) offered (C) stayed (D) referred

09 Residents can

the permit by downloading the form from the website and submitting the completed form to City Hall. (A) (B) (C) (D)

....

0

m

n

."''"

c.

tear enhance restore obtain

:::>

""

10 Your subscription to any of our online newsletters can be at any time simply by submitting a request for cancellation by e-mail. (A) (B) (C) (D)

•

terminated exterminated eliminated finished

Chapter 07 Verbs - 289

11 The clinic will

you the results of your medical exam once it has received them from the laboratory. (A) (B) (C) (D)

retain forward submit develop

12 The shareholders will

this afternoon to finalize resolutions on the use of the company's net income and the payment of year-end dividends. (A) (B) (C) (D)

accompany confide convene facilitate

16 The client was satisfied with the new curtains , but she requested that the length be so that they would not touch the floor. (A) (B) (C) (D)

qualified diversified widened altered

17 Our financial adviser

that investments in new projects will increase as a result of lower bank interest rates. (A) (B) (C) (D)

predicts ponders questions releases

18 The installation of the new security software

13 To

a larger percent of the market share in cellular phones, OneWorld is attempting to appeal to a wider audience.

was delayed because of a technical problem that while technicians were testing the system .

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

produce inflate spread acquire

14 All companies wishing to set up displays at the trade fair in Milan must make sure their the size of a standard exhibits do not showroom . (A) (B) (C) (D)

exist prevent delay exceed

15 I am writing to

my attendance at the Symposium on Medical Technologies to be held next weekend . (A) contact (B) confront (C) confirm (D) contend


revealed emerged acted occupied

19 Please do not

the first part of the form from the second , or it will be invalid . (A) (B) (C) (D)

correspond write detach withdraw

20 You need to enough money to cover the balance of the bills to pay your bills through your account. (A) (B) (C) (D)

amount deposit coin lend

www.nhantriviet.com

Part 6 Questions 21-23 refer to the following notice.

Chicago Classical Music Hall Additional Information Regarding Ticketing This year we have added ten additional shows to the classical concert series. There has been an overwhelming demand for tickets , and with only limited seating capacity available for each performance , those interested are urged to make reservations in advance. <

Tickets may be picked up at the box office prior to each show. Proper identification , such as a with your credit card when you pay for your tickets. This driver's license, must be presented

21 (A) simultaneously

0 ,.., )> c: "' :;;: "'-<

(B) extraneously (C) stringently (D) concisely procedure is necessary in order to

your identity so that others cannot use your tickets.

22 (A) rearrange (B) complicate (C) discount (D) verify Also, if the original receipt has been

I

, buyers can receive a free concert T-shirt at the box

23 (A) contracted (B) collected (C) gauged (D) retained

-< 0

m

,.., "'"'

office. For any inquiries , please call 1500-555-1588 to speak with one of our customer representatives .

"'"=>

<0

Answers: p. 556

Question Type and Useful Tips This type of question requires examinees to choose a noun that is appropriate for the context. You should look for the preposition and key word(s) in the sentence to be able to select a correct option.

Having a large directory of business (A) tactics

(B) combinations

can be a plus for anyone in the travel industry. (C) contacts

(D) indications

directory [direktari] I plus [plt.s] Answer: (C)

At only a fraction of the normal registration price, joining has never been easier or more advanof tageous. Not only will you have access to all of our online services, but as an added (A) petition

(B) course

(C) possibility

(D) benefit

membership, Info-Mate now provides full networking opportunities for other members in all its chapters. at a fraction of I registration [red3istreiJanJ I membership [membar.flp] I chapter [tJ!Eptar] Answer: (D)


www.nhantriviet.com

Common Nouns

01

challenge [tfffilind3l

One of the most difficult challenges faced by publishing editors is to meet deadlines yet maintain a level of high-quality writing .

02

shortage [f5:rtid3l

As the urban population increases, local residents have begun to face a shortage of affordable housing in the downtown area.

os supervision [su:parvi3an] The product development department has been under the supervision of Joanne for the past five years.

og subscriber [sabsk.raibar] Challenger International is a well-known economic publication with subscribers in more than eighty countries around the world. < 0

n

)>

03

receipt [risi:t]

All tax forms submitted to the accounting office will be kept on file for five years from the date of receipt.

04

10 precaution

[prik5:.fanl

take precautions to + bare infinitive

Although we take every precaution to make sure that all deliveries arrive in good condition , accidents occasionally occur.

brochure [broufU.rl

Delvian Industries launched a direct-mail advertising campaign which includes colorful brochures of their new kitchen appliances.

11

itinerary [aitlnereri]

it inerary = schedule / timetable

The itinerary for Dr. Black's trip includes visits to both Shanghai and Osaka.

os issue [ifu:] The interview with Velorek Corporation's CEO will be printed in the next issue of the financial magazine.

o6 delegation

12 hospitality

-----~----------~~~

I'd like to thank you for the hospitality extended to me during my visit.

13 stance

[stams]

stance = position

~--------------------~

review [rivjti:]

·····-··-'--·-.6.-:- ._ .... -

-<

0

m

n

..

"' "'a.

:::0 <0

The spokesperson announced the company's stance on outsourcing . The food critic from the local newspaper gave Bonjour, the new French restaurant in the city's financial district, an excellent review.

•

[haspatrelatil

extend hospitality to

[deligeifanl

We are expecting a delegation of officials from our European branch at the trade fair on June 27.

01

c: "' ; "" -<

14

method [meSad]

Customers may choose from several convenient methods of payment.

Despite widespread speculation about its financial difficulties, the company has offered no price reductions on their products.

Advantage refers to a greater chance of success. Profit refers to money. Benefit refers to social welfare.

Having a broad knowledge of the computer industry is an advantage in this firm .

16 assurance [a uarans] assurance

= guarantee

Completion of a university degree carries no assurance of earning a high salary.

17 alternative

[:>:lta:rnativ]

Taking two or more part-time jobs is a valid alternative to full-time employment.

18 cultivation

[k.Altaveifan]

Experts recommend the cultivation of plants as a good means of relieving stress. Our business depends largely on the cultivation of a diverse network of clients .

Medical studies have shown that vitamin C is effective in reducing the duration of colds and flu.

20 atmosphere [retm. = as;:::f:.::. lIa .;;.;r~]~----- elegant atmosphere

One of the benefits of working at Clean Cuts Hair Salon is the comfortable atmosphere.

21

Ms. Flick challenged the perception that a CEO needs to be over the age of forty.

The forecaster said there's a 20 percent chance of rain in the late afternoon.

2s force [f:>:rs] force: a group of people organized and trained

Although the company is relatively new, it has become a force to contend with.

Employees need to provide written notification of their intention to take leave.

21

function [fA. k an]

function: an official ceremony or a formal social event, such as a party or a special meal, at which a lot of people are present

The hotel provides various facilities for social and business functions.

effort [efart]

in an effort to + bare infinitive

In an effort to increase output, management introduced production bonuses.


28

expertise [ekspa:rtf:z]

Our consulting team is ready to provide expertise in Internet broadcasting technology.

www.nhantriviet.com

33

reimbursement [ri:imM:rsmant]

momentum : the force that keeps an object moving or developing after it has started

reimbursement: the advance money someone pays for business issues and gets returned later by the company

The shift toward the use of environmental technologies is gaining momentum.

Traveling salesmen receive reimbursement for expenses incurred while on the road.

The conference aims to help farmers generate large net profits from alternative crops .

Clearnet lost its monopoly on Internet services with the privatization of the telecommunications market. < 0

n

l>

31

c "' .....

morale [marffil]

By improving the morale of the players, the new coach was successful in leading the team all the way to the national championships .

35

revenue [revan ·u:]

l>

;o

-<

It is correct to use large / high revenue , but not large / high / small money.

Portable MP3 players earn the largest revenue in the music player market. 32

negotiation [nigoufieifan]

Planning for the next stage of negotiations is currently underway in New York.

36 asset

[ffisetl

We here at EB Creative Services consider our staff to be our most valuable asset.

• -< 0

~

("")

;o

"'"'

0. :::0

<0

Common Expressions with Nouns

01 The CD player is under warranty.

02 in the closing 03 his 04

stage of negotiations

unwillingness to invest a large sum

a characteristic of a good manager

05 speak to the manager for 06 make

clarification

revisions to the hard copy

07 oversee the coordination of all projects

08

feedback from a survey

09

a budget of one million dollars

10 a paper on refinancing loans 11 pay dividends on its preferred stock 12 The CEO is calling for proposals . 13 The bank statement showed inconsistencies. 14 The contractor's main concern was the timetable . 15 excellent examples of modern architecture 16 Success depends on the p"articipation of members.

17 ensure the long-term stability of the program 18 attach a letter of reference 19 the general consensus

20 select some

candidates for the award

21 after the close of bidding 22 Competition increased overnight. 23 reliable analysis of the balance sheet

24 receive an

award


www.nhantriviet.com

25 expand the capacity of the communication network 26 The second floor will be closed for renovation. 27 meet with company representatives 28 fill out a complaint form 29 a large gap between supply and demand

30 An education serves as the foundation for a career. < 0

31 agreement with the proposal

n

>

c: "'

> ""

32 Some studies suggest that S + V.

-<

33 the demand for medical personnel 34 progress toward a safer workplace 35 requests for grant proposals 36 an important step in gaining equality

•

37 offer financial incentives to qualified patients 38 delays in shipping 39 They all belong to the union . 40 use extreme caution

..., 0

41 Attendees must register today.

m

n

"'"'c..""

42 an airtight container to store food

:::>
43 violation of office rules 44 Plastic is resistant to corrosion. 45 begin another expansion project 46 The menu includes a selection of wines. 47 the purpose of the meeting

www.nhantriviet.com


••••••••••••

HACKERS PRACTICE

Tick a correct noun in each phrase or sentence. digits . 01 o o developments In technology

02 seek

~ ~~~:~:

from a stockbroker

, o applause 03 express one s o appreciation . 04 Pro fess 1.o na1 0o attire ambivalence IS necessary.

05 International

~ ~~~~:~:e

has increased .

06 The fire caused widespread

~ ~~~·age.

. o environment 07 the f1rst stage of 0 development 08 An

°o ~xception mstance

might be made .

. o

lecture

09 attend a public 0 speaker

. ,o

apparel

10 manufacture lad1es 0 applicants

o

responsibility.

11 Meals are your 0 requirement.

.

o

envelope

12 put the form 1n the 0 postage

.

o

establishment.

13 There 1s room for 0 improvement.

. o inclination . 14 We apolog1ze for the 0 inconvenience. . . o decadence 15 a spec1es 1n danger of 0 extinction collecti~n of artwork 16 a Iarge o o connect1on

o

slowdown .

17 expect a gradual 0 rundown

1n

March

18 a 00 bit minimum of two years' experience 19 His

g~=~!~~~ty was in dispute. Answers: p. 556


www.nhantriviet.com

T EST


Part 5 01 One of the great of working for Seal Corporation is its excellent treatment of employees. (A) (B) (C) (D)

courtesies advantages profits favors

02 The new executive officer brings with him in the areas of policy making , strategy formulation and business acquisitions. (A) (B) (C) (D)

inquiry conversion jurisdiction expertise

03 The project manager gave Claudia Goddard an outstanding performance for her excellent work on the advertising promotion . (A) (B) (C) (D)

standard review statement request

04 Clarkson and Sons is in the last of the study and will soon submit a report on its findings. (A) (B) (C) (D)

paths drafts ways stages

06 Stratos Airways takes every

to ensure that your check-in baggage arrives at its final destination . (A) (B) (C) (D)

idea regulation precaution offer

07 The local government has a total of ten million dollars for job skills training for unemployed people. (A) (B) (C) (D)

book budget profit wallet

The weather forecaster has announced that of showers later in the there is a evening. (A) (B) (C) (D)

speculation fate chance prospect

)>

).;:

rewards cash payments expenses

09 The next of Starburst Magazine will contain a report from our manufacturing plant in Indonesia.

• ..... 0

(A) (B) (C) (D)

m

cost issue guarantee state

n

"'"'

"'c.. "'

<.C

10 During the economic crisis , the company

05

n

c: "'

-< "'

08 The risks in investing in Data-Tech are high , in the but it could bring substantial future. (A) (B) (C) (D)

<

0

generated the smallest of its operation . (A) (B) (C) (D)

finances charges money revenue

in the history

11 The PR Department of the Merrill Power

16 The financial

Corporation issued a press release making clear the firm's on current environmental issues.

of the shipping industry is dependent on the continued growth and improvement of the country's fleet of cargo liners.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

circumstance stance composition substitution

12 The most successful general managers assert that human resources are the most important in any establishment. (A) (B) (C) (D)

worth benefit asset personal

on the apparatus 13 The firm has a total because it is the only company authorized to produce it. (A) (B) (C) (D)

monologue monograph monotone monopoly

14 All products ordered from the YTV website are shipped within one week from the of an order. (A) (B) (C) (D)

receipt admission permission ownership

15 A spokesperson from FutureNet Ltd . reported that there had recently been a number of innovative in the networking industry. (A) (B) (C) (D)

digits developments repetitions decisions


stability allocation donation statement

17 The

of being a fashion designer is creating clothing that is both attractive and comfortable for the consumer. (A) (B) (C) (D)

introduction orientation challenge submission

18 The deadline for submission of for the river cleaning project has been extended to the end of the month. (A) (B) (C) (D)

intentions advice indications proposals

19 The restaurant is undergoing in hopes of attracting more business-class clients . (A) (B) (C) (D)

formation magnification renovation boost

20 All workers at the Argo Chemicals production plant are under the direct of the facility manager. (A) (B) (C) (D)

participation supervision view provision

www.nhantriviet.com


From: Warren Reynolds , PR Department To : All staff We would like to inform all employees at Burrows Design Ltd. that a new quality

program

21 (A) acceptance (B) assurance (C) location (D) co nfidence

< 0

n )>

c: "'

will be implemented starting next month. Strict quality regulation procedures will be introduced to guarantee that our reputation for excellence in design is maintained . While working on new projects , staff will be required to keep an online record of their work to confirm that the new quality specifications are met. On completion , the record will then be submitted to the management office for , after which feedback will be provided .

> "' -<

22 (A) evaluation (B) reservation (C) expectation (D) implication A special full-day introductory seminar has been scheduled for Saturday, February 19 in Conference Room 101 , at which the new quality specifications will be explained in detail. It is that all

23 (A) decisive (B) wi ll ing (C) resou rceful (D) imperative staff members attend , and overtime will be paid accordingly.

Answers: p. 556 VJ\ 1 nh~ntri\/i&:lt

rnrn

•

Question Type and Useful Tips This type of question requires examinees to choose an adjective that is appropriate for the context. 1. For an adjective that modifies a noun , you should choose the one that appropriately goes with that noun. ·2. You should look for the preposition and key word(s) in the sentence to be able to select a

correct option .

Information technology and computer networks have provided offices and homes with gains in efficiency and productivity. (A} overpowering

(B) noble

(C) affected

(D) impressive

gain [gein] I efficiency [ifiJansi] I productivity [proudaktivati] Answer: (D)

We have carefully considered each of our valuable and talented employees for this award , but only one could be selected . It took much deliberation, but we have reached consensus that out of the hundreds of ideas to emerge over the past year, Brian Lee's have been the most (A) respective (B) interested (C) innovative (D) attracted talented [trelantid] I deliberation [dillbareifan] l reach consensus I emerge [ima:rd3l Answer: (C)


www.nhantriviet.com

Common Adjectives os incidental [insadentll

01 definitive [difinativ] The Keiko Ono Corporation is considered to be the definitive source for fashion trends in East Asia.

----------------~

incidental expenses

Please make sure to report major issues at the meeting only and do not bring up incidental details that are off topic.

02 exceptional [iksepfanll The Alamo Convention Center provides state-ofthe-art facilities and equipment and exceptional service.

o91imited [limitid] limited resources

--------------------~

For a limited time only, Leavitt Furniture is offering all stock at a significant discount.

< 0

n

]>

c: "'

o3latest [leitist] latest = up-to-date Marco Textiles had to reprint their latest catalogs because of a few minor errors.

10 incorrect [inkarekt] ----~----------------~ incorrect =false

> "'-<

The phone number the applicant listed on the form was incorrect, so there was no way to contact him.

04 confidential [kanfadenfal]

~----~------~

confidential = secret

Please remind all employees to keep confidential documents in a secure location .

os temporary [tempareri] temporary: not lasting for a long time a temporary office

Dr. Bell is hiring a temporary replacement for his nurse who will be on vacation for a month .

11 partial [p6:rfal] We are sending only a partial order, as the headphones you requested have been discontinued .

12 valued [vrelju:d] Ms. Lopez has been a valued advisor in the area of South American market research for more than twenty years .

• .... 0

m

n

"'"' "'a. =>

o6 key [ki:J key elements key issues

Following the presentation on key corporate tax laws, there will be a question and answer period.

01 subsequent [s.Absikwant]

Business was slow during the first year of the restaurant, but it attracted more customers in subsequent years.

www.nhantriviet.com

13 unprecedented [.An{>resad(mtidl unprecedented event unprecedented disaster

----~--~--------~

Record sales by such a small firm are unprecedented.

14 promising [pramisiiJ] a promising youth

----------------~

Job opportunities for new graduates will be more promising than before.


""

15 tentative

[tentativ]

tentative = provisional : not certain

The release date for the new product is still considered tentative.

16 respective

22 affordable

Today's personal computers are affordable and accessible to most people .

[rispektiv]

respective : relating or belonging separately to each of the people or things you have just mentioned Do not confuse it with respectful , which means having admiration for someone / something.

All images on this web page are the property of their respective illustrators.

23

defective [difektivl

This adjective describes something that has a fault or does not work correctly.

annual [renju .::;;,a;;;._;l'-'--l-----~----'

annual report annual salary

Those interested should register for the annual conference by next week.

24

11

[af5:rdabll

Affordable does not refer to a high or low price but the price at which people can be able to buy.

available [aveilabll

A (a product) is available to B (a user).

Savings options are available to all customers of the American First Bank.

Store owners are offering refunds on all defective merchandise. 25

18 insecure

[insikjuarJ

Department store sales have decreased , as shoppers feel insecure about the current economy.

19 illegible

[iled3ahl_,_ l _ _ _ _ _ _~-

illegible handwriting

Because of a printing mistake, the documents are illegible.

20 enviable

[enviabl]

Mr. Brown has not only enviable sales record but more than twenty years of marketing experience .

21

alert

consecutive [kansekjutivl

for the + ordinal number + consecutive year: during a period of time without interruption

ATLP announced that its stock value had risen for the fifth consecutive year.

26

unwavering [.\nweivari!Jl

Ecolife has joined local environmental groups to declare their unwavering commitment to protecting the river from illegal waste disposal.

diverse [diva:r.:::.s_,l___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __... diverse = various 21

Recent hires reflected the company's goal to have a diverse workforce.

[;)la:rtl _~~~~---------= 28

substantial [sabstrenJal]

alert = attentive be alert to + bare infinitive

substantial: large in size I value I importance

Our team supervisor was alert enough to spot the errors in the report.

The company has invested a substantial amount of capital into its new projects.


www.nhantriviet.com

29 liable [laiabll be liable to + bare infinitive

33 unclaimed [A.nkleimd]

= be likely to + bare infinitive

During an economic crisis , many small businesses are liable to fail.

Unclaimed refers to things / objects that nobody has claimed as belonging to them .

The airport introduced new security procedures for unclaimed baggage.

30 chronological lkranal6d3ikal] The newspaper listed the events in chronological order.

34 durable [djuarabl] All Playtoy products are strong and durable and are made out of non-toxic materials for your child's protection.

< 0

n

31 overdue [ouvardju:] overdue: not done when expected a period of time + overdue

The books he had borrowed were two days overdue.

)>

c "'

35 eligible [elid3ahll

> "' -<

be eligible to + bare infinitive / be eligible for + noun

Donors are eligible to become members of the Gold Star Club. Workers are eligibl e for compensation .

32 unanimous [ju:nre namas] be unanimous for: fully agree with Do not confuse unanimous with anonymous, which means made or done by someone whose name is not known.

The proposal to cut costs obtained unanimous shareholder approval.

36 additional [adifanll ~~------------------~ additional = extra additional charge

The accounting department is looking for additional ways to save money on the cost of packaging and handling.

• :I:

"' "'""" .... 0 n

~

m

n

"' "'

"'0.. :::J

"'

www.nhantriviet.rom

Common Expressions with Adjectives

01 the overall effectiveness of the program

02

The supervisor is extremely demanding on the staff.

03 The office is in a desirable location. 04 mounting pressure 05 technical problems 06 reliable employees 07 an authorized car repair center

08 a diversified line of products 09 an unbiased opinion 10 an active program to support small companies 11 accurate data

12 detailed information

13 required application documents 14 a totally independent agency 15 a strategic location 16 ensure the efficient processing of complaints 17 The slide projector was unavailable.

18 get regular check-ups


www.nhantriviet.com

19 delicate issues involving civil rights

20 at a rapid pace 21 a comprehensive physical examination 22 differing opinion 23 on a clear day

< 0

n

)>

c"'

24 the reserved room

> "'-<

25 It is imperative that you go to the meeting.

26 Security has been lax. 27 a powerful engine 28 might be especially beneficial 29 make the manual accessible to users

•

30 The company is not progressive. -< 0

m

31 be compensated for unused leave days

n

.,"'"' a. :::>

32 the medicinal uses of aloe vera 33 past findings 34 incompetent employees

35 feel apprehensive during the interview

""

••••••••••••

HACKERS PRACTICE

Tick a correct adjective in each phrase or sentence.

01 manage an I a 0 incr~as!ng amount of work 0 cult1vatmg

02 eat at a o0 popular solicited restaurant

03 The food was

g:~~~~y the long wait.

t s 04 at oo condensed reasonable ra e

. o damp 05 w1th a 0 confident manner o unexpected

06 an o unqualified result

year 07 .In th e 0o con~equent commg

o perishable food 1 .IS a o 08 M'lk perceptible ·

, o existing

09 revamp t he company s 0 occurring

systems

10 The sponsors were oo pleased d that t he even t was success f u1. accustome

11 h

o contra~ictory breakfast ave a o complimentary

°

source of petroleum 12 a o r~lievable rrch

Answers: p. 556


www.nhantriviet.com

HA C KE R S

0

T ES T

Time limit: 12 minutes

Part 5 01 The city council is considering the construction

06 Attendance to the first electronics trade fair in

of an subway line to solve some of the local traffic problems.

Dallas was low, but larger number of visitors .

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

optional incidental intentional additional

02 Although stock options were previously offered only to management, the rank and file are now to purchase options. (A) (B) (C) (D)

appropriate eligible available befitting

(A) (B) (C) (D)

accidental confidential deliberate careful

previous late after subsequent

07 Although all members of the discount club may order items from the website , rebates are only to those members who have kept their accounts active. (A) (B) (C) (D)

03 Documents containing information about company employees cannot be released to anyone without the human resources director's written permission .

events drew a

creditable considerable approachable available

08 Media Creators, producer of family-oriented fast food restaurant advertisements, has won the coveted Advertising Award for the third year. (A) (B) (C) (D)

connected associated consecutive continuous

<

0

n

l>

c: "' ,.... l>

"'-<

••

04 If you have any problems using the cellular phone, take it to any for repairs . (A) (B) (C) (D)

service center

limited authorized permissive sufficient

09 Synertex's factories use the

technology and equipment to produce their medical equipment.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

All

I

....

perishable spoiled fragile durable

"'

.... .

,;

~

0

n

..."' Q>

(A) (B) (C) (D)

longest latest instant conclusive

05 When delivering

food , delivery compan ies use special refrigerated trucks and insulating materials to prevent the food from spoiling.

-< m

10 The shop specializes in furniture and table accessories that are to low- and medium-income households. (A) (B) (C) (D)

curable believed excessive affordable

c.. :::> <0

11 The manual was written in such a manner as to be readily nonprofessionals. (A) (B) (C) (D)

to laymen and

acknowledgeable expressible familiar accessible

12 Chang and Nobel legal firm provides medical coverage to its part-time employees. (A) (B) (C) (D)

minor restrained limited confined

16 Advertising is the

element in maintaining high levels of sales in the competitive beauty product market. (A) (B) (C) (D)

key convenient marginal complete

17 Camping gear such as tents , sleeping bags, and backpacks is made from exceptionally materials such as nylon or canvas . (A) (B) (C) (D)

justifiable durable legible reversible

13 Plans for the consul 's visit to the company are still considered , but our representative will call you once the arrangements are fixed . (A) (B) (C) (D)

vigilant tentative contemporary infinite

14 For those who want to work as a business analyst, experience in market research is a highly attribute . (A) (B) (C) (D)

beneficial repetitive superficial expensive

15 Consumer Institute representative Debbie Dorday gave an speech on digital cameras and what to look for when purchasing one. (A) (B) (C) (D)

indicative excited informative interested

18 Despite the growing popularity of the Internet, television advertising remains one of the most ways to promote products. (A) (B) (C) (D)

satisfied reluctant dependent effective

19 The job requirements are much too even for staff who have the necessary skills and experience. (A) (B) (C) (D)

demanding exciting revolting compelling

20 Few people would be to relocate to areas that do not provide sufficient transportation facilities. (A) (B) (C) (D)

convincing wishing willing starting

Part 6 Questions 21-23 refer to the following letter.

Norman Lord 246 Kandahar Crescent Boulder, CO 80301 Dear Mr. Lord , As you may have heard , lnfinicorp Ltd . has posted a record profit for the past business year. Earnturnaround since the company's huge ings came in at 837 million dollars , representing an

)>

"" c:

21 (A) impenetrable

:;;:

"" -<

(B) immovable (C) unprecedented (D) insubordinate loss two years ago . At that time , the corporation made a considerable loss of

342 mil lion

••

22 (A) justly (B) nearly (C) mostly (D) fluently dollars. The company's

< 0 ro

rise has been largely attributed to the notable talents of CEO ,

23 (A) unlimited (B) impressed (C) forbidden (D) incredible Mr. Richard Baker, who was inaugurated only two years ago. This profit translates into benefits for all shareholders, and I am delighted to announce that lnfinicorp will be turning this profit into a special dividend of forty cents per share. I would like to thank you for remaining one of our most loyal and valued shareholders. Sincerely, Artimus Bertwhistle Executive Director, lnfinicorp Ltd .

Answers:

p. 556

-< 0

m

ro

"""'

"'a. "

<0

Question Type and Useful Tips This type of question requires examinees to choose an adverb that is appropriate for the context. 1. You should look for the key word(s) in the sentence to be able to select a correct option . 2. Sometimes, you do not need to read the whole sentence but just look at the part of speech that the adverb modifies in order to choose a correct option .

All individuals who use their credit card frequently should history to verify that no errors have been made. (A) periodically

(B) precisely

(C) incidentally

check their transaction (D) indefinitely

check [tfek] I transaction history I verify [verafai] Answer: (A)

In the past year, Threestar Automotive's automobile exports increased by 12.6 percent, bringin ing in gross profits of around $500 million. The relatively new company has grown (A) eagerly (C) recently

(B) immediately (D) rapidly

the five years since its inauguration , and considering the company's planned diversification into the pharmaceutical sector, the future looks bright indeed. bring in 1 gross profit I inauguration [in:,:gjareifan] I diversification [diva:rsafikeifan] Answer: (D)


www.nhantriviet.com

Common Adverbs

01

dramatically

[dramretikali],___~~----'

dramatically: suddenly, obviously This adverb often refers to an increase or a decrease.

oa densely [densli] Heavy industry has been steadily moving out of densely populated areas.

The Unigue-Co's stock shares rose dramatically during the sale season in the summer months. 09 o2

unbearably [,\nbearablil

The unbearably low temperatures this week have led to record sales increases in winter clothing at local department stores.

fully [fulil

fully = completely fully booked

The business community did not fully appreciate the marketing potential of the Internet.

<

10 virtually

[va:rtfualil

virtually = practically

03

personally [pa:rsanali)

All advertisements in the C/overfield Times must be personally approved by the editor-in-chief before they are submitted for publication .

The offices at Decatur Bio-research are virtually empty during the month of August when most employees go on vacation.

11

04 exclusively

[iksklu:sivli)

12

os occasionally [akei3
--~------------~

)> CD

c

..)>

"' -<

relatively [relativliJ

The increased crop yield was attributed to the past winter's relatively warm weather.

The Fisher Investment Company has created a new department to concentrate exclusively on emerging markets in South-East Asia.

occasionally = sometimes

~------------------~

0

n

mutually [mju:tfualil

The beverage manufacturer formed a partnership with the restaurant chain that was expecting to provide sales opportunities mutually for both companies.

Hewes and Associates' department heads meet occasionally to discuss new clients or projects.

• ....

0

m

n

.,"'"' a. :>

13

o6 ahead [abed) ahead of: early I before

enthusiastically [ineju:zirestikaliJ

enthusiastically = ardently

The staff enthusiastically applauded the CEO's decision to increase wages.

Be sure to call ahead for a reservation to avoid excessive delays. 14 otherwise

01 regularly

[regjularli)

In order to keep up to date with office schedules, employees are required to regularly check the office message board.

[..\oarwaiz]

Do not confuse otherwise which means differently with otherwise which means if not that is used after a suggestion to show what the result will be if you do not follow it.

You will continue to receive these weekly newsletters unless otherwise requested.

""

1s radically radically

[nedikaliJ

=fundamentally

In an attempt to attract younger consumers , the ad campaign was radically changed.

This adverb can stand on its own or be used in the structure immediately upon V-ing / immediately after + adverb clause.

Employees are instructed to punch in immediately upon arriving at work. 16 consistently

[kansistantli]

Lewis' Law Firm has consistently provided quality services at affordable prices.

11 solely

[s6ulli)

solely = only

--~--------------------~

22

simultaneous! [saimalteiniasli] ~--~~------~

simultaneously = at the same time Do not confuse it with spontaneously, which means happening in a sudden and natural way.

Training sessions given by the company are simultaneously funny and informative.

The firm relied solely on word-of-mouth advertising . 23

1a significantly [si nifikantli] New drilling technologies are expected to significantly boost oil production capacity.

19

directly [direktlil

directly: without anyone / anything else being involved or in between

If you have any questions or comments , please contact me directly.

20 currently

minimally [minimali]

Construction work on lanes 3 and 4 will affect the flow of traffic only minimally and should be completed by early afternoon .

The broken equipment at the plant must be repaired promptly. The staff knows that Mr. Rich wants meetings to begin promptly at 8:00 a.m.

[ka:rantlil

The fifth floor of this building is currently open for public tours.


www.nhantriviet.com

Common Expressions with Adverbs

01 a fairly simple method 02 accidentally discover a confidential document 03

reco~d expenses accurately

04 carelessly broke the rules <

05 On May 1, the store will officially open.

0

n

)>

co

c

06 choose randomly

:; "' -<

07 has consistently arrived on time 08 Customers repeatedly use the service. 09 Prices increased markedly.

10 Lateness will be severely penalized. 11 Visitors are routinely asked to show their IDs. 12 an unusually high profit return ..... 0

m

13 voluntarily work overtime 14 His experience was exclusively in sales.

15 Doctors were previously unable to cure the disease. 16 Regrettably, we have to close our doors. 17 He will undoubtedly take the position.

18 The equipment operates properly.

www.nhantriviet.com

n

"' "''"a. "

<0

19 The partners worked cooperatively .

20

be adequately wrapped to avoid damage

21 talk to patrons politely 22 Our office has recently moved. 23 deal with problems appropriately

24 expand

25 cost

substantially

significantly less

26 follow the directions 27 The plant operates

carefully

efficiently.

28 be temporarily out of stock

29 The hotel is

conveniently located near the shopping district.

30 The network system will eventually need upgrading.


www.nhantriviet.com

••••••••••••

HACKERS PRACTICE

Tick a correct adverb in each phrase or sentence.

01 The restaurant stays open ~ ~:~~· . o extremely d t t' 02 Th e bn.dge 1s 0 presently un er cons rue 1on. scarcely . 03 cut spend .ing , o 0 especially on recreation <

o closely 04 pay o separately

0

n )>

"' .--

c: )>

"" -<

05 He 0 ~i~!antly res isted the change . 0 Initially 06

07

° frequently depend on donations shortly

o

Presumably, h left the o° Almost, e

building

·

•

thickly 08 fasten the strap o 0 securely

09 the ~ ~~~o;e famous celebrity 10 The product line will ~ ~~~~y be launched .

..... 0

m

n

."""'

11 Tou rists visit ~ ~;~i~f~~ly throughout the year.

c..

"

10

12

°D Apparently, Nearly, she lost the original.

13 The book is read

g~~i~~~~~ by both boys and girls.

14 do one's job 0 even D well

15 be 0 s~aciously admired 0 Widely

Answers: p. 556 \AI\1\1\N nh~ntri\/i~t rnm

H A C K E RS

T ES T


Part 5 01 Staff functions for workers in the city council department are usually held in the office lounge, but special events are hosted in restaurants or hotels . (A) early (B) occasionally (C) remotely (D) consistently

06 The gift shop on Baker Street is popular with customers because it is conveniently located, and its products are inexpensive. (A) (B) (C) (D)

nearly hardly relatively scarcely

07 Cell phone users who

02 Effective

, the company will no longer accept applications for medical or sick leave without a certificate from a physician . (A) financially (B) immediately (C) concurrently (D) repeatedly

send text messages should take advantage of the new plan being offered by the wireless carrier. (A) (B) (C) (D)

totally greatly hugely frequently

08 Recent sales of Dual-Electronics' computer

03 The use of alternative medicine among professionals in the city and suburbs is widespread . (A) (B) (C) (D)

directly quickly likely fairly

04 The menu at Luau Grill is recommended by Martha Childs, a food critic for the Boston Courier for its innovative selection of dishes. (A) (B) (C) (D)

personally relevantly richly factually

monitors have increased , mainly due to their new contract with the Brightman Insurance Corporation . (A) (B) (C) (D)

eagerly intentionally fortunately dramatically

09 Because the first speaker has another appointment, the convention must begin at 9:00a.m.

(A) assertively (B) cordially (C) promptly (D) especially

10 The company has 05 The company misled investors by not reporting the losses it incurred in the first quarter. (A) assuredly (B) remarkably (C) accurately (D) deductively


hired some new staff, so we will be holding a gathering at the cafeteria to introduce them . (A) (B) (C) (D)

recently usually commonly freshly

www.nhantriviet.com


Downtown Finance Center Renovations The downtown Finance Center is about to undergo extensive modernization renovations , including a restoration of the building's facade and lobby. The aim of the work is to give the Finance Center a competitive edge in attracting high-end corporate tenants for its office space. After completion , the building will appear

different from now due to the addition of a

< 0

n )>

11 (A) formerly

c: "' ;;: "'-<

(B) radically (C) allegedly (D) primarily mirrored glass exterior which changes color based on the time of day. Also, upgraded seating more people than before, with special attention given to comfort areas in the lobby will

12 (A) appreciate (B) articulate (C) alienate (D) accommodate and space. In an unusual move, developers decided not to employ an entire design team to work on the new project but to allow freelance architect Janice Pana, designer of the New York Arts Center, to create the new look for the Finance Center. Because the Finance Center

•

13 (A) recently (B) nearly (C) solely (D) surely

-1

0

m

n

.,"' "'a.

building will have to undergo such extensive remodeling , minimum costs for the project are expected to be around 1.5 million dollars.

Answers: p. 556

www.nhantriviet.com

Chapter 10 Adverbs - 319

=>

""

320

www.nhantriviet.com

Section 3 Content Words with Similar Meaning Chapter 11 - Verbs with Similar Meaning Chapter 12 - Nouns with Similar Meaning Chapter 13- Adjectives, Adverbs with Similar Meaning

In the TOEIC test, some questions require examinees to fully understand not only the meaning nuance but also the usage of English verbs given so as to be able to choose the correct answer choices.

A few bank cash machines can half that amount. (A) possess

(B) hold

(C) occupy

as much as 30,000 dollars, but most carry less than (D) grasp

bank cash machine I carry [kreri] Answer: (B)

Steel Works Inc. has just announced plans to move their operations from the Michigan Steel Mill to a new location near Los Angeles. The company has officially staff that the cur(A) explained (C) expressed

(B) informed (D) inquired

rent plant will be closing at the end of year, but jobs will be available for employees prepared to relocate. announce [amiuns] I operation [apareifan] I officially [afiJali] I current [ka:rant] I plant [plamt) I relocate

[ri :loukeit] Answer: (B)


www.nhantriviet.com

Confusing Verbs

01

advise vs. recommend

04 attend

vs. participate in

advise [redvaiz]

attend [atend]

advise somebody+ that-clause

attend something

The lawyer advised the owner that filing for bankruptcy was his only option .

The director is requiring all new employees to attend the session on insurance.

recommend [rekamend]

participate in

recommend + that-clause

participate in something

The stockbroker recommended that shares of the offering be purchased immediately.

Our employer has asked us to participate in the company's open house event.

< 0

o2 enroll vs. subscribe vs. apply vs. register

os postpone vs. reschedule

enroll [inr6ul]

postpone [poustp6un]

enroll in

Because of the construction delay, the opening of the new factory will be postponed until next month .

All trainees are required to enroll in the software course by the end of the week.

n

)> CD

c );

"'-<

:;:::

"'"' ::::J

::;·
subscribe [sabskniib] subscribe to/for

We subscribe to several medical journals to keep up to date on advances in the world of medicine.

reschedule [ri:sked3u:l] Customers wishing to reschedule their appointments are requested to notify the office one week in advance.

apply [aplai] apply for

Catherine Mannheim expects a lot of people to apply for the legal assistant position at the law firm .

register [red3istar l register for

The city library reported that more than three hundred people register for library cards each year.

o6 condense vs.

minimize vs. decrease

condense [kandens]

affect vs. effect

affect [afektl

"'

~

..... 0

m

n

minimize [minamaiz] Having a diversified portfolio can help investors minimize risk.

The company has decided to decrease production of electric appliances.

The new security rules will affect all employees at the main headquarters.

effect [ifektl The company cannot effect a change without closely examining its systems.

www.nhantriviet.com

:r: 7<"

The CEO has asked us to condense an hour-long presentation into twenty minutes.

decrease [dikri:s] o3

.....

Chapter 11 Verbs with Similar Meaning - 323

."'"'

a.

::J

<0

01

lend vs. loan vs. borrow vs. rent

og contact vs. connect

lend [lend]

contact [k6ntrekt]

lend : give something / money to someone for a period of time, expecting it to be given back

contact: communicate with someone by telephone, letter, e-mail, etc.

The library does not lend books to individuals who have no borrower's card .

Please contact Ms. Brooks for any questions regarding your application.

loan [loun]

connect [kanekt]

loan (commonly used in the bank): lend money I capital

connect A with / to B: make it possible for A to speak to B by telephone

Brooke bank agreed to loan the Macro Software Inc. some money for the merger.

Can you connect me to the Bookman Publishing Company, please?

borrow [b6rou] borrow : receive something / money from someone with the intention of giving it back after a period of time

A small businessman cannot borrow money from a bank without collateral.

10 demonstrate

vs. display

demonstrate [demanstreit] demonstrate : show something and explain how it works

rent [rent] rent: pay a fixed amount of money regularly for the use of a room, house, car, etc . that someone else owns

The company rented several cars for the overseas representatives to use.

The talk show guest demonstrated how to dress for success .

display [displei] display : arrange something in public so that it can be seen

The latest styles of shoes are displayed in the shopwindows.

oa foster vs. enlarge foster [f5:star l foster: encourage the development or growth of something

The new agreement fostered exports between the two nations.

enlarge [inl6:rd3l enlarge: make something bigger, usually a space / area / quantity

The board plans to enlarge the sports complex by the end of the year.

11

note vs. notify vs. announce

note [nout] note + that-clause

The clerk told the customers to note that the store would be closed for two days.

notify [n6utafai] notify someone of something

The company notified its shareholders of the proposed merger.

announce [anauns] announce (to someone) something I that -clause

The chairman announced to the board that the CEO had tendered his resignation .

12

speak vs. tell vs. say vs. express

13

expire vs. invalidate

expire [ikspaiar]

speak [spi:k] speak (to someone) about something

Mr. Tokuyama will speak to management about production cuts.

tell [tell tell someone+ that -cl ause / about something

We had to tell the client that we would be unable to meet the deadline.

say [sei] say (to someone) + that-clause

The secretary said to Mr. Wills that the meeting had been postponed .

express [ikspres] express something

The contract expired a few days ago and will not be renewed .

invalidate [invffilideit] The contract was invalidated because the company failed to comply with the terms of the agreement.

14 evaluate

<

0

(')

)>

"' c:

> "" -<

vs. estimate

evaluate [ivffiljueit] The feasibility of the projects has not been evaluated.

estimate [estameitl

The buyer has expressed interest in purchasing the unused lot.

Mr. Turner estimates that the non-stop flight to Switzerland will take fourteen hours.

• ....

0

m (')

.,"" '"

a. :>

"'

\AHAJ\At

nh-:)nf"riuiC\t-

r....,.......,

HA CKERS

T EST


Part 5 01 The contract stipulates that tenants must the landlord of any major structural changes they wish to make to their apartment. (A) (B) (C) (D)

forward announce notify arrange

06 The Bank of Rhode Island has established a special program to funds at low interest to those who develop local business initiatives. (A) lend (B) lease (C) borrow (D) rent

02 In line with company policy, all new employees must first a safety briefing before attempting to operate factory machinery. (A) participate (B) register (C) attend (D) go

07 Gen-Track's vice president plans to some structural changes in the company's management system at the staff meeting next week. (A) disagree (B) interpret (C) announce (D) acquire

03 Any agreements that have

are, without exception , placed in the company archives. (A) (B) (C) (D)

invalidated expired violated submitted

08 All accounting staff can

in the online training course at the human resources office starting next month . (A) (B) (C) (D)

enroll apply submit interview

04 A supeNisor is expected to

a close relationship between his subordinates and himself. (A) enlarge (B) gain (C) foster (D) arise

09 The shipping and transport seminar scheduled for next Monday has been following week.

until the

(A) appointed (B) postponed (C) scheduled (D) previewed

05 I will leave a number with my assistant in case anyone needs to away on business. (A) (B) (C) (D)

convey conform connect contact


me while I'm

10 Dow and Johnson's chief programming team will the functions of their newest accounting software at the financial technology trade fair. (A) (B) (C) (D)

expose encourage surprise demonstrate

www.nhantriviet.com

Part 6 Questions 11-13 refer to the following information.

Top Researcher to Speak on Solar Power <

0

n

At the National Conference on Renewable Energy in Atlanta next month , Sunbeam Resources ' top about recent technological developments in solar power. researcher, Dr. Robert Flack, will

11 (A) note

)>

c"" ~ "' -<

(B) speak (C) say (D) express To provide the most up-to-date information to consumers, he has

his essential research

12 (A) multiplied (B) condensed (C) minimized (D) decreased data into a two-hour presentation. He will explain how solar energy can help preserve the global environment, and why people should convert to it. Dr. Flack will illustrate solar power's efficiency and competitiveness through charts and diagrams. He will also demonstrate how solar energy has evolved into the most suitable to hydroelectric or nuclear energy, and how it is a self-

13 (A) alternative (B) difference (C) distinction (D) demonstration sustaining source of power. The conference will take place at the Sunseeker Hotel on Saturday, November 17. Online registrations are being accepted at www.ncre .org until the November 15.

•• ....0 m

n

"'"'

"'c. =>

<0

Answers: p. 557 .... .....

~1-.-_

... _: .. :_ ... - - -

In the TOEIC test , some questions require examinees to ful ly understand both the meaning nuance and usage of English nouns given so as to be able to choose the correct answer cho ices.

of the campaign is to let the elderly know of various services available to One of the them at community centers. (A) aims

(B) beliefs

(C) reasons

(D) foundations

the eld erly Answer: (A)

Now into her second year as Mayor of Detroit, Francine Menendez outlined pending improvements to the city's infrastructure. First on her list is the urban of the Lakeside Precinct, (A) refresh ment (C) renewal

(B) progress (D) structure

which includes the conversion of an abandoned dock area into recreational parkland, and a two-mile long pedestrian boardwalk with cafes and restaurants. outline [autlain] I pending [pendiiJ] I infrastructure [infrastr}.ktfar] I precinct [pri:siiJkt] I conversion [kanva:r:3anl I abandoned [abffindandJ I dock [dak] I parkland [p6:rklffind] I pedestrian [padestrian] Answer: (C)


www.nhantriviet.com

Confusing Nouns

01

proportion vs. size

04

choice vs. option vs. preference

proportion [prap5:rfan]

choice [tf:>is]

proportion : the number, amount or level of one thing when compared to the whole

The restaurant gives you a choice of appetizers when you order a main .

I spend a large proportion of my salary on renting an apartment.

size [saiz] size: how large or small a thing is

The cost of construction was high due to the large size of the new facilities.

02

option [6pfan] Subscribers have the option of canceling their subscriptions at any time.

preference [prefarans]

:»

"" c

:;;; "' -<

The new restaurant caters to diners with a preference for Italian food .

access vs. approach

access [rekses] access (non-count noun): the method of getting near to a person I thing I place have access to

Members have unlimited access to the magazine's online archives. The path beh ind the house has direct access to a hidden garden .

approach [apr6utfl approach (count noun): the method of getting near to a person / thing / place; the method of understanding something, e.g. an approach to a subject

The software developer has a new approach to business software. The narrow alley is a little-used approach to the office bu ilding .

os description vs. information

description [diskripfan] description (count noun): explanation or instruction a description of

For a more detailed description of the courses , please see our website .

information [infarmeifan] information (non-count noun): facts about a person I event/ situation information about/ on

For more information about th is promotion , please call this number.

o6

division vs. category vs. faction

division [divi3an] o3

<

0

n

area vs. site

The corporation has considered closing the unprofitable automobile division.

area [earia]

category [kretag:ui]

There is only one caterer in the area that offers kosher food .

The poetry in the book was divided into several categories.

site [sait]

faction [frekfanl

The site for the memorial was changed several times due to a lack of support.

The presidential candidate 's goal was to unite the factions within his political party.

•

01 fine

vs. tariff vs. ex~ense

10

indication vs. show

fine [fain]

indication [indikeifan]

Drivers who park in no-parking areas are subject to steep fines.

indication of /that-clause: a sign that something exists, is true, or is likely to happen

There are clear indications that the economy is beginning to turn around .

tariff [tffi rif] The government charges a tariff for luxury goods imported into the country.

expense [ikspens] It's well worth the expense to invest in top-of-therange equipment.

os habit vs. convention habit [hrebitJ

show [Jou] show: an action / way of behaving to express a particular idea or feeling

The striking workers gathered at the company headquarters in a show of solidarity.

11

------------------

make it a habit + to + bare infinitive

The staff should make it a habit to submit reports on time.

convention [kenvenfan] It is still the convention in this country for men to pay for dinner on a date.

og fare vs. fee

brochure vs. catalog

brochure [brouflir] brochure: a small magazine that contains pictures and information on a product / service or a company travel brochure

Refer to the enclosed brochure when selecting a suite for the duration of your stay.

catalog [kretal:'>:g] catalog : a book with a list of all the items that you can buy or look at

The admission ticket included a catalog of all the works shown in the exhibition.

fare [fear] taxi fare

Can you estimate the cab fare from 5th Avenue to 42nd Street?

fee [fi:J an admission fee

The admission fee for ch ildren under eight years of age is half price.

survey [sa:rvei] survey: an examination of opinions / behavior made by asking people questions

The magazine conducted a survey to obtain reader feedback.

research [risa:rtJ] research : a detailed study of a subject in order to discover information

The latest advertising strategy took into account the most recent market research findings.


\A/\Ail••

.,..l.---L • •

1s residence vs. venue

material vs. ingredient --~~----' material [matiarial]

residence [rezadans]

A commonly used material in power transmission lines is alum inum .

Delegates are invited to visit the official residence of the Prime Minister.

13

ingredient [ingri:diant]

venue [venju:]

the ingredients of a cake

venue : the place where an event or meeting takes place

There are on ly five ingredients in this simple recipe for soup .

Event coordinators selected the Greyson Exhibition Hall as the official venue.

tour: a short visit to a place when travelling, or a visit to a factory , a public place when studying give A a tour of 8

value: the amount of money which can be received for something

<

0 ,.., c"' ..... )>

)>

"" -<

value [vffilju:]

New employees will be given a tour of the company offices this afternoon.

Store credit will be issued on returned items for the value of the purchase.

worth [wa:r8] trip [trip] The meeting was called to discuss the results of Ms. Black's business trip .

Worth means value. It also means the amount of money which something can be sold for. It can be used in the structure price (possessive case) + worth of + object.

A thousand dollars' worth of merchandise was stolen from the gift shop.

• ....0 m

n

"" "'"'c. :::> "'

HA C K E R S

T EST


Part 5 01 A(n)

conducted by a research center revealed that the majority of online shoppers are educated and have an annual household income of $50,000. (A) (B) (C) (D)

survey summary addition copy

06 To prevent loss of information, staff members make it a documents. (A) (B) (C) (D)

to copy all important

tradition hobby habit convention

07 A more detailed 02 The International Chamber of Commerce recently announced that there was an increasing for online payment services among consumers . (A) (B) (C) (D)

choice preference promotion reaction

of our new office machines is available in our product catalog. (A) (B) (C) (D)

confirmation description inquiry information

08 The driver of the blue sedan received a heavy for deliberately driving through a red light.

03 Mr. Powell, the new researcher, has requested to the company's archives to retrieve the information he needs for a feasibility study. (A) (B) (C) (D)

entrance pass access approach

04 The laboratory's

findings showed that the new line of cosmetics for Dawson Beauty Products were environmentally friendly. (A) (B) (C) (D)

survey question response research

05 The customer services staff at Radcliffe Department Store spends a large of its time dealing with customers' complaints . (A) (B) (C) (D)

332

(A) (B) (C) (D)

fee fine damage dismissal

09 The owner purchased ten thousand dollars' of party favors for the grand opening of his posh new restaurant. (A) (B) (C) (D)

much value cost worth

10 Market trends are a good

that this will be an ideal year for investments in all sectors of the market. (A) (B) (C) (D)

record show indication specification

size section proportion number


www.nhantriviet.com

Part 6 Questions 11 -13 refer to th e following letter.

Mark Walter 52 Southern Avenue Great Falls, Montana 86503

< 0

n )>

c: "'

);;:

Dear Mr. Walter,

"" -<

I am writing to inform you that we have been having problems with defective air-conditioning units in our office. I contacted Coolair Corporation two weeks ago and they sent over a technician. According to the technician, the units were not installed, so the company would not take

11 (A) properly (B) urgently (C) exclusively (D) valuably

s:

CD

"'::;· :::J

<0

responsibility for any defects in their product. As a result of the improper installation , several mechanisms in each unit were damaged and had to be replaced at considerable . The work was completed just yesterday. The total cost of

12 (A) fare (B) fine (C) expense (D) quantity repair came to 785 dollars , with 365 dollars for

and 420 dollars for labor, as the enclosed

13 (A) ingredients

• --<

0

m

(B) stationery (C) patterns (D) materials

n

""

"'"'0..

"

I.C

invoice shows. I would appreciate it if I could be reimbursed as soon as possible for the full repair amount. Sincerely, Molly Davison

Answers: p. 557

Chapter 13

Adjectives, Adverbs .with Similar Meaning _,>

In the TOEIC test, some questions require exam inees to fully understand both the mean ing nuance and usage of Engl ish adjectives or adverbs given so as to be able to choose the correct answe r choices.

It is clearly stated in the airline's policy that the company. (A) wounded

(B) damaged

(C) spoiled

luggage is in no way the responsibility of (D) injured

Answer: (B)

Washington D.C. tourist transit buses regularly dep.art from the East Side Bus Depot for major monuments, museums, and art galleries. The bus for the Jefferson Memorial leaves hourly from 8:00a.m. , and the one for the Smithsonian Institution shortly , from 8:10a.m. (A) later (C) suddenly

(B) already (D) thereafter

transit [trrensit] I regularly [regjularlil/ depart [dip6:rt]/ depot [di:pou] Answer: (D)


www.nhantriviet.com

Confusing Adjectives and Adverbs

01

attached vs. connected

attached [atretftl attached : added into something attached file

The structure be likely to + bare infinitive is used to describe something that will probably happen .

The attached schedule may be subject to lastminute changes .

The report is likely to be released within the next week. <

0

connected [kanektid]

possible [pasabll

connected : joined together or related to each other

It is possible to + bare infinitive: able to be done or achieved

The technician said that all the computers in the room are connected.

02

)>

c"'

>

"" -<

It is possible to protect sensitive information by installing the latest security software.

earl}' vs. previous

early [a:rlil

os extensive vs. s acious

early: happening before or sooner than the expected time

extensive [ikstensiv]

The company offers early retirement incentives.

extensive : covering a large area or having a great range (esp. about knowledge or products)

previous [pri:vias]

We guarantee the most extensive selection of quality wines in the city.

previous: happening before something else

Information from the previous events is available on the following pages.

o3

n

following vs. next

spacious [speifas] spacious = roomy

The company provides each executive with a spacious office that overlooks the harbor.

following [falouiiJ] This adjective is used in the structure the following + noun . When it is a preposition , there is no article the before it.

An open discussion on recent development presentation will be held on the following week.

next [nekst] next : being the first one after the present one or after the one just mentioned

The new contract states that Musso Texti les will supply fabric to our company next month .

oG

apparent vs. visible

apparent [aprerantl apparent: (a situation, fact, quality, emotion) seeming to exist but may not be real

In spite of the apparent recession , sales of automobiles rose this year.

visible [vizabl] visible: clear, obvious, or noticeable

The company decided to show their soft drink in the movie in order to make their product more visible to the general public.

• --<

0

m

n

"'"'"" c..

"'"

01

outstanding vs. evident

og prevalent vs. leading

outstanding [autstffindiiJ]

prevalent [prevalant]

outstanding : extremely good or impressive (It also refers to debts that are not yet paid, e.g. outstanding debts.)

prevalent = common : very popular in a particu lar place or among a particular group

The marketing plan was so outstanding that it was immediately approved .

Lawsuits have become more prevalent in today's society.

leading [li:diiJ] evident [evadant] evident = obvious: easily seen or understood

leading : (someone / something) outstanding in a particular field

The participants reacted to the news with evident disappointment.

The keynote speaker for the engineering conference is a leading figure in robotic research .

os recent vs. current vs. modern vs. new

10

reserved vs. preserved

recent [ri :snt]

reserved [riza:rvd]

recent: happening or starting a short time ago recent event, recent address

reserved = booked : (a seat, hotel room, etc.) available to be used only by a particular person or group

The recent promotion of Mr. Cummings was completely unexpected .

Call the travel agent to confirm or change a reserved seat.

current [ka:rant]

preserved [priza:rvd]

current: happening or existing now current news, current employees

preserved : (something) kept from being damaged

Duray Inc. is considering an expansion of its current facilities to increase productivity.

The area contains some excellently preserved examples of Gothic architecture.

modern [madarn] modern : using new styles that are very different from the styles of the past

11

unoccupied vs. discarded

unoccupied [Anakjupaid]

The staff was more than happy to move into the modern headquarters .

unoccupied = empty: (a room, building, seat, etc.) not being used by anyone

new [nju:]

Although the building has been renovated , it continues to remain unoccupied.

new: recently created, built, invented , or planned

The CEO urged his copywriters to come up with new advertising ideas.

discarded [disk6:rdid] discarded : (something) thrown away or got rid of

The discarded programs littered the floor of the main hall after the event.

12

away vs. far

1s prominently vs. markedly

away [awei]

prominently [pr6manantli]

A unit of distance may be put before th is adverb. 100 miles away from

Prominently : used to describe something that is in a position in which it is easily seen

The City Hall is located one kilometer away from the Metro Station .

Exit signs must be prominently placed on all floors . <

,..,

0

far [fa:r]

markedly [ma:rkidlil

A unit of distance cannot be put before far, e.g. be located 10 miles far from the airport is wrong ly used.

Markedly: used to describe a change or difference that is very obvious or noticeable change markedly be markedly different

The company's factory is located far from the headquarters .

)>

"" c:

> ""-<

Recent consumer trends are markedly different from those of the previous generation.

n primarily vs. firstly

primarily [praimeralil primarily = mainly = chiefly

The new laptop computers are primarily marketed for business users.

firstly [fa:rstli] firstly = in the first place (used to list things)

Firstly, Mr. Moore will give a few remarks before we proceed with the agenda.

16 dramatically vs. numerously

dramatically [dramffitikali] Dramatically: used to describe a sudden change It is commonly used with such verbs as increase, climb , grow, etc.

Sales are expected to increase dramatically once prices go down .

numerously [nju:marasli] numerously: in a large number or quantity

14 continually

vs. lastingly

The jazz concert is expected to be numerously attended.

continually [kantinjuali]

-< 0

continually: happening repeatedly /without stopping

The new manager is continually giving orders to the staff.

lastingly [lffistiiJlil lastingly: continuing for a long time or forever

Research is being conducted to find a lastingly effective treatment for the disease.

• m

11

strongly vs. stringently

strongly [str5:IJlil strongly: in a serious way

The foreman strongly recommends that the structure's flooring be removed .

stringently [strind3antlil Stringently: used to describe a regulation / law that is carried out strictly

Because of the accident, safety rules will likely be enforced more stringently.

,.., "'""

.

c..

::> <0

HA CKERS

T EST

C9 Time limit: 7 minutes

Part 5 01 The parking spaces at the front of the office building are for the president and other executives. (A) (B) (C) (D)

06 All vehicles manufactured by Corona Motors are inspected before they are released for sale on the open market.

controlled reformed preserved reserved

(A) (B) (C) (D)

02 The tenth floor office was vacated some two years ago and has remained since. (A) (B) (C) (D)

ever

unoccupied concealed suppressed discarded

fast-food spots that were once so this town. (A) (B) (C) (D)

07 A

downturn in the company's financial situation forced management to contemplate carrying out mass employee layoffs. (A) (B) (C) (D)

03 Trendy coffee shops are replacing many of the in

leading prevalent habitual foremost

04 The security system allows almost every part

stringently strongly impartially equally

stable modern recent casual

08 Jerry Mathers, the personnel director at Cleaver Financial Group, will conduct interviews for the accounting position week. (A) (B) (C) (D)

following next before later

09 For the past six months, Mr. Patrick has been

monitored by of the building to be personnel at a surveillance center.

working investors.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

timelessly lastingly continually movingly

05 Due to an unexpected illness, the executive officer was forced to submit a letter announcing his retirement. (A) (B) (C) (D)

mature early ready previous


on the accounts of foreign

firstly originally primarily categorically

10 As soon as it became

that Ms. Billingsley would be joining the company in Los Angeles, human resources started interviewing applicants to be her personal assistant. (A) (B) (C) (D)

apparent visible notable substantial

www.nhantriviet.com


From: Human Resources To: All Staff

<

Subject: New Health Care Scheme

0

n

)>

The human resources department is pleased to announce that in an

"" c );

to better

;o

-<

11 (A) objection (B) effort (C) opinion (D) influence accommodate all employees ' medical welfare needs, a new health care scheme has been devised , taking effect from August 1. ~

CD

After

and thorough research, we have put together our most comprehensive package,

"' :::1

::;<0

12 (A) spacious (B) distracted (C) extensive (D) occasional wh ich includes optical and dental care benefits as well as additional regular health services. For new employee manual. more information , please refer to the

13 (A) attached (B) joined (C) connected (D) matched Any suggestions or objections should be sent to Zoe Nelson in human resources within the next two weeks , who will then pass them on to senior management for consideration . If you have any other questions regarding this matter, do not hesitate to contact the human resources department.

Answers: p. 557

•

•.

'•

l

.''

•.

·,

'

!

340

Features o Business-related reading comprehension TOEIC is an English test which measures the everyday English skills of non-native people working in an international environment. Therefore, TOEIC reading passages involve business-related settings and situations. All reading passages are generally in the form of business letters, e-mails, announcements, articles, advertisements, etc. o Reading comprehension skills Questions in Part 7 of the TOEIC test aim at testing examinees' skills of reading. Examinees are required to skim for understanding global ideas and scan for specific information in the reading passages given. In addition, an ability to draw inferences is also necessary for doing the test of this kind. You should daily practice to enhance your skills of reading, using not only general English reading passages but also business-related texts.

Testing Points Questions on the reading comprehension in the TOEIC test may be divided into five types of questions which will be presented in Section 1 of this part, and forms of reading passages which will be presented in Sections 2 and 3 of this part. • Types of questions Questions in Part 7 of the TOEIC test include such types of questions as overview, information, NOT I TRUE, inference, and synonym questions. • Forms of passages

Single Passages

Most of the single passages given in Part 7 are short. These reading passages are of different text types, such as business letters, e-mails, announcements, articles, advertisements, etc. Double Passages

The last four reading passages in Part 7 are theme-related "paired readings" often known as "double passages", for example, a business letter and an e-mail, an article and a letter, an advertisement and an application form , etc.

Question Percentage The two pie charts below show the percentage of questions on different forms of reading passages. Instructions 8% Memorandums 5%

,Non-prose readings 7%

••

E-mails / Letters 29%

Non-prose-related readings 12% E-mail I Letter-related readings 42%

Article-related readings 22%

Articles & Reports 19V Notices & Announcements 15%

[Single Passage]

342

Announcement-related readings~

Advertisement-related readings --'16 .:...:o/c ..:... o __

[Double Passage]

www.nnantriviet.com

Test-Taking Strategies

,

Step 1: Preview the introductory sentence to identify the form of the passage. • Read the introductory sentence Questions ... refer to the following ... at the beginning of each reading passage to know what type of reading it is . If there are headings and sub-headings in the passage, preview them so that you can get an overview of the whole passage. • For double passages, also read the introductory sentence Questions ... refer to the following (passage 1) and (passage 2) to see how the paired readings are related .

Step 2: Read the questions about the passage(s) to decide what types of questions they are. • By skimming through the questions, you can identify whether they are overview, information , NOT I TRUE , inference, or synonym questions. • For double passages, also skim through the questions to identify not only which types of questions they are but which passage each of them refers to.

Step 3: Apply appropriate strategies to deal with each particular type of question. • For an overview question, choose the answer that focuses on the global idea or the gist of the reading passage(s). For information , NOT /TRUE, inference questions, scan the reading passage(s) to find out relevant information. For a synonym question , locate the statement where there is the item asked to choose the correct answer. • For double passages , remember that you must look at both readings to find the answer for at least one of the questions. In the TOEIC test , possible answers may use paraphrasing , i. e. a restatement using other words . For example, reorganize may be rephrased as restructure; zero tolerance for defects may be rephrased as high-quality standard; e-mail address may be rephrased as contact information. You, thus , should practice paraphrasing so that you can easily deal with possible questions in the TOEIC Reading test.

www.nhantriviet.com

343

Part 7: Example - Single Passages Question 1 refers to the following article. - - - - - - - - - - - - , Famed author Dean Forest is well known for his insightful and humorous stories about international relations. Mr. Forest has received rave reviews from many prominent literature journals and has also had three of his books appear on the New York Times Best Seller List. Mr. Forest will do a reading from his latest colleclion of short stories entitled The Bengali in Platforms on Thursday, June 16 at 7:30 p.m. in the Midland University English department lounge. For a complete timetable of Dean Forest's appearances, you can visit his website at www.deforest.com.

Step 1: Preview the introductory sentence to identify the form of the passage.

I

Step 3: Apply appropriate strategies to deal with each particular type of question.

I

n i

Step 2: Read the question about the passage to decide what type of question it is.

.

I

01 . According to the article , what information is available at Mr. Forest's website? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Book prices Writing tips Schedule of appearances List of best-selling books

·.

344

Part 7: Example - Double Passages Question 1 refers to the following announcement and e-mail. ---~ ANNOUNCEMENT: We have had an increase in sales at Papyri Inc. over the past few months. As a result, the volume of calls and e-mails to our department has also risen. To address this problem, we will be hiring another operator (Joe Martin) and assigning team members with specific duties. Below is a list of each member and the types of calls and e-mails they will be dealing with : ~

-

Brian Chretien Kimberley Clark Joe Martin John Campbell

Step 1: Preview the introductory sentence to identify the form of the passages and their relation.

I Step 3-2: Apply appropriate strategies to

Shipping delays / shipping status Product complaints Order errors New orders

I deal with each particular type of question. I

--

We hope this will make your jobs easier. Should you have any questions, call George Mulroney at extension 219. To: From: Julia Brockovich Subject: Shipment I placed an order for 200 binders with our company logo on April 20. The binders were meant for clients at a trade fair I am attending at on May 6. Your company said we would receive the ship- • ment within one week, but it still hasn't arrived.

Y Step 3-1: Apply appropriate strategies to I I deal with each particular type of question.

I am leaving for the trade fair on May 5 and urgently need these binders before I leave. Please contact me as soon as possible to let me know the status of our shipment and when I can expect it to arrive. Sincerely, Julia Brockovich 01 . Who will most likely deal with Ms. Brockovich's complaint? -

(A) Kimberley Clark (B) Brian Chretien (C) Joe Martin (D) John Campbell

- - - 1 Step 2: Read the question about the pas-

sages to decide what type of question it is and which passage it refers to.

346

www.nhantriviet.com

Section 1 Types of Questions Chapter 01 - Overview Questions Chapter 02 - Information Questions Chapter 03 - NOT /TRUE Questions Chapter 04 - Inference Questions Chapter 05 - Synonym Questions

www.nhantriviet.com

347

Overview questions, also known as gist questions, test examinees' ability to identify the main idea or purpose of a passage. The main idea or purpose is usually found at the beginning of the passage , and the supporting ideas or details follow it.

Typical Questions and Useful Tips Typical Questions Main idea

What is the main topic of the notice? What does the article mainly discuss? What is the information about?

Purpose

What is the purpose of the letter? What is the main purpose of this notice? Why was this memo written? Why does Ms. Carter write this letter?

Useful Tips To answer an overview question correctly, you need an overall understanding of the reading passage. Most reading passages usually start with a topic sentence which states the main idea. You , therefore , should read the first sentence. Occasionally, the topic sentence may be found in the middle or even at the end of the passage. In this case, you have to skim through the passage to find out the key point.

=:J

Topic

~~~~~~ ]D•t•il• Q: What is the purpose of this article?

A: To announce a hiring decision

Q: Why was this letter written?

A: To confirm hotel arrangements


www .nha ntriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE

••••••••••••

Reading Practice Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question given .

01

'Yesterday our office received the package of book covers you sent on November 3. The order came to us complete and earl ier than expected. After reviewing the designs, one of our staff will contact your office to let you know of our choice. Q. What is the main purpose of this letter? (A) To select the appropriate cover design (B) To confirm the receipt of a shipment (C) To place an order for book covers

02

Anyone who has ever been to Greece knows that if there is one thing you can always find there, it is sun. And now the country's Department of Natural Resources is suggesting the nation turn almost entirely to solar power to avoid the economic pitfalls of high oil prices. Recent rises in costs of barrels of crude oil have left many less developed nations in a state of energy crisis. While some countries lack the natural energy sources to make up for the loss, Greece is fortunate to be able to utilize its almost year-round solar power. L

, •'

"'>m 0

Q. What is the purpose of this article?

z G1

(A) To explain Greece's response to the energy crisis (B) To explore energy options for poor nations (C) To indicate the benefits of solar energy

03

Recently I saw your advertisement in the paper for a receptionist at your main office. I would like some more information regarding the opportunity to work for your company. Please send any pertinent information to the address at the top of this letter.

Q. Why was this letter written?

•

(A) To advertise a job opening (B) To inquire about employment (C) To apply for the position

04

Please be aware that the clean-up we announced last week will take place on the evening of May 1 for Building A. All interior and exterior glass as well as floors, walls and carpets will be cleaned with toxic chemical agents. Individuals should prepare by putting all their materials into the drawers of their desks and bringing home any important documents or valuable personal items. Cleaning personnel are only allowed to move office furniture and appliances. Rest assured that the office will be de-fumigated before anyone is permitted back into the building. Q . What is the purpose of this memo?

(A) To announce the replacemen t of old carpets (B) To remind occupants of moving-in procedures (C) To ask for cooperation regarding the cleaning tAI\AI\111

.....

h ........ + ... :,,: ,..+ ,. . ,... ..........

--<

0

m

n

.,"' "'

c..

"

<0

•• •••

• • ••

•

Paraphrasing Practice Choose a correct rephrased statement for each reading passage.

05

Melrose Bank recently discovered that some clients who signed up for our special banking service have been paying an additional ATM fee. The second ATM fee will be reimbursed to our clients' accounts next week. '

~

'

'

I

'

I

(A) Customers of the bank will no longer pay any ATM fees . (B) The bank will pay cl ients through their bank accounts.

06

Protect-It zipper-lock plastic bags are effective at protecting anything from the elements. Ordinary plastic bags cannot keep water out, but Protect-It bags have a patented closure and material design that prevents moisture from entering the bag. (A) Protect-It bags can hold large amounts of water. (B) Protect-It bags are made of water resistant material.

07

Capital Alliance, Inc. is looking for a degreed accountant or a CPA. The ideal candidate should have three to five years auditing and accounting experience. (A) Knowledge of the newest accounting principles is required . (B) A university diploma is a requirement for the job.

08

The top two car companies are planning to trim production as the increasing cost of gasoline has caused a prolonged slump in sales of trucks and cars. Faced with an inventory pile-up, Ace Motors and Townsend Cars will be cutting production by 15 percent over the next two quarters. ;

(A) Poor sales are causing top automobile manufacturers to cut production . (B) Reduced production can offset increasing gas prices.


www.nhantriviet.com

• •••• •••••••••••• 09

~To make your stay at the Paradise !Beach Resort a pleasant one, please pay strict attention to our ;rules on cleanliness. Because it is costly and difficult to remove debris and spilled liquids, guests who 'leave their huts dirty will forfeit the $ 100 key deposit for use of a hut. 1

I

l

(A) Customers will have to put down a deposit in case of damage to the room. (B) The deposit will not be refunded if the hut is not left clean.

10

The Wells Community Center is seeking monetary donations to cover the cost of buying computers .tor children of low-income families in the Wells Community. (A) Private money will be used to finance the purchase of computers. (B) Donations of old computers are being requested.

"' > 0

z Cl

11

,Cabot Systems in Hong Kong is in the process of acquiring US-based Flexpoint, a multimedia technology company for mobile phones. Cabot Systems wants to be the dominant supplier for the mobile industry by using Flexpoint's technologies. I

•

(A) Two companies have signed an agreement to produce mobile phones. (B) Cabot Systems is buying out Flexpoint to gain control of the market.

12

After having a guest editor supervise. The Journal of Commerce (JOG) for November, soon-to-retire JOG editor Bill Conley is now accepting applications for the editorship of JOG. Mr. Conley said that he js having an active hand 1n selecting,his own replacement. '

,

''

!

(A) JOG's editor is seeking his successor. (B) The guest editor will take over permanently.

--i

0

m

n

"' "'c.. "' => <0

Answers:

p. 557

HA C K E R S

T ES T


Question 01 refers to the following notice.

To: All Staff From: Chad Ballmer, Head Technician Re: Network Upgrade We regret to inform all staff that as of next week we will be performing network repairs at one of our facilities, which will consequently result in frequent interruptions to the online system . The network is experiencing difficulties after a system -w ide breakdown that occurred yesterday around 2:34 p.m. Unfort unately, there is no other option but to service the entire network, which will inevitably cause temporary inconveniences. The servers themselves will remain up, but will experience loss of connectivity. This disconnection will occur at the beginning of the servicing and will last a little more than 2 hours total. The process wil l consist of two separate sessions, with each session lasting from 11 p.m . to 1 a.m . During repair, you may experience a slowdown in speed and up to 3 network outages varying in duration from 10 to 30 minutes. The first session is scheduled for Friday, January 14. Further notification for the second window will be sent at least 48 hours in advance. The problem will be completely resolved by the first week of February. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.

01 What is the purpose of this notice? (A) (B) (C) (D)

To To To To

remind staff to turn off their computers notify staff of a change in management notify staff of upcoming system disruptions respond to complaints of slow connectivity

35 2 - Hackers TOEIC Reading

www.nhantriviet.com

Question 02 refers to the following schedule and e-mail.

To: Norman Salisbury, Water Resource Management Consulting Ltd.

"'

~

)>

0

From: George J. Soap, St. Lukes Business Association

z Cl

Subject: Energy Conference Dear Mr. Salisbury: Sorry you were not able to make it yesterday. Here is a brief overview of what you missed, along with my own thoughts on the matter. We heard that by the end of the decade, our demand for electricity will be about 3,000 MW, but that we have a present generating capacity of 2,400 MW. This means we face at a 20 percent shortfall in seven years. The least expensive solution for this problem would be constructing a 500 MW hydroelectric dam on the St. Lukes River, at a projected cost of $250 million. Jonathan Lee, however, noted that thousands of acres of forest habitat for wild animals and plants would be lost beneath the waters of the dam's reservoir. This convinced me that the environmental impact of a hydro dam does need to be taken into account. My recommendation is that we consider other kinds of energy generation, especially wind power projects, before we make the decision to build a hydro dam.

• --<

0

~

n

Regards,

"' "'"'

0.

::>

George J. Soap

02 What is the purpose of the e-mail? • (A) (B) (C) (D)

To To To To

report on plans to develop the forestry industry ask a question about the environment request technical details on a wind farm project explain the contents of a conference

Answers: p. 557

The most common question type in reading comprehension is information questions which ask about specific information in a passage. This type of questions accounts for 60 percent of Part 7 of the TOEIC Reading test.

Typical Questions and Useful Tips Typical Questions When Where Who What Why How

When will Mr. Thomson give his presentation? Where will the conference be held? Who should be contacted for registration? What will take place on the first day of the conference? Why does the owner thank the employees? How can memberships be obtained?

Useful Tips 1. Read the questions and identify the question word and key words in each question. Example: Who should be contacted for registration? ¢ Question word: Who, key words: contact , registration

2. Scan the passage to locate and find the relevant information. Sometimes, you should pay closer attention since the answer choice and the information in the passage do not look the same because of the use of paraphrasing .

Q: Why did the apartments close down?


A: Because of an inadequate number of tenants

www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE • • • • • • • • • • • • • Reading Practice Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question given . I 01 f The International Journal of Financ,e presented its "Best New Hotel" award to the Grand Ching Hotel

.' in Beijing for its mixture of modern design and traditional decor. Two other hotels nominated for the award were the Stanley Hotel in Vancouver and the Orchid Terrace in Bangkok. The award was pre' sented to the hotel that best served business travelers' needs and offered the highest standards of

t~ervice and f,~~!~m:;:; ..: ,

j ,.

..

Q. Which hotel won the award?

(A) Stanley Hotel (B) Orchid Terrace (C) Grand Ching Hotel

02

'

I

! We greatly regret the delay of product delivery. Our factory is currently experiencing labor shortages r~- due to a number of r.ecent strikes. !Consequently, there are fewer employees to sort and send pack.' ages. Although I c,an't give an ex~ct date, I can assure you that your package will arrive within two weeks. Please accept our sincere apology and thank you for your patience. i-

.,.:...~_)'o,:,......;:.}-1. ..!;;;::! ~~.! • 1

.i!Jr'C.U .. '

•t ..::~···>>-"

.,~{~..._~'fL...,..•~........ ~

....

-~·"'···

•

~

;.i

.....

'1:.'

~.

........

~

"' > 0

z

•

Cl

Q. What does the writer guarantee? (A) Product delivery within a specified time (B) High level of product quality (C) End of strikes by next week

03

.

.,

,

I

l; All rentals must be returned to the drop box by the due date on the top of this form. Even if the store is (; open, please use the deposit box for the convenience of the staff. Customers who return videos and ,;,DVDs after the deadline will have ~n additional fee charged to the credit card number listed below. ~

':

'~.- -oo.Yo:oool~

•.:t

'J',~.,'~,.,f~i~:.,l;i',~M.'t'l"~

'";

.~ •~-:;.!~~.Ut.C~1;,o:.....m..,.,2~ )~_.,.r..,•.-1<. ,'l/:,,.,~¢,,)"tt~ •rt•"'-'."l~

ll

~~ .,

.:._•;; ;:__

,.

:.4

,..! ,_

_,. •

1

Q. For what would patrons be given an extra charge?

(A) Bringing something back late (B) Returning a rental without the box (C) Damaging a DVD or video -< 0

m

n ;o

"'"'a. ::J

10

www.nhantriviet.com

Chapter 02 Information Questions - 355

•••• • •••••• • •• •• Paraphrasing Practice Choose a correct rephrased statement for each reading passage.

04

Staff evaluations are an important training tool that can help your staff stay on course and make adjustments for improvement. Regular one-on-one discussions should be conducted between the immediate supervisor and the staff being evaluated. (A) Regular feedback improves the relationship between the supervisor and the subordinate . (B) Assessment of employees' work encourages improvement in performance.

05

To reduce the inctdence of mold in your home, you need to keep moisture to the minimum. You can do this by keeping all rooms well ventilated. Turn on your electric fan when you are cooking or when you notice the windows becoming misty. (A) To prevent mold , keep the air flowing in your home. (B) To reduce moisture, keep an electric fan on at all times .

06

The Watley Department Store is holding a sweepstakes for all brides-to-be. To be eligible, you must have made plans to get married between January 1 and May 31 , next year. Register at the wedding gown section of the women's clothing department. (A) Entrants must have a definite wedding date to qualify for the sweepstakes. (B) The Watley Department Store is having a sale on wedding gowns.

07

Tree planting is being considered as an inexpensive means of reducing C0 2 in the atmosphere. Trees absorb C0 2 , offsetting carbon emissions by fossil fuels. However, the degree to which trees can be used will depend on local policies and technology. (A) Tree planting will reduce the amount of fossil fuels used . (B) Cultivation of trees is a cost-effective way of lessening C0 2 emissions.


www.nhantriviet.com

••••••••••••••••••• 08

Recommendation: Please supply a replacement unit for the customer mentioned at the top of this form, as the heater she purchased is ,clearly defective. '

~ l>

,

•

~

I

(A) The defective heater will be repaired at no cost. (B) The customer should be sent a new product.

09

To reduce the cost of delivery services, the Piedmont Corporation is changing its policy regarding outsourcing. The company has discovered that by accepting outsourcing proposals and hiring fewer staff, it can save on support services costs. .

"

I

(A) Costs can be decreased by hiring an outside firm. (B) Costs can be reduced by accepting recommendations . m "' )>

0

z C\

10

Tenants must report any problems with rodents and bugs. We have a contract with a pest control vendor who will examine your apartment unit and make recommendations. Tenants may book an appointment with our vendor at no charge. I

(A) Tenants should hire the services of a pest control vendor. (B) Tenants can schedule a time and date for inspection .

11

Mark your calendars for Saturday, March 23, when a large benefit dinner will be held at the city's convention center. The event is sponsored by Branding Consultancy, a marketing company in Hollywood. (A) A company based in Hollywood has supported Branding Consultancy. (B) Branding Consultancy has funded and organized a gathering.

•• • -< 0

m

,...,

:::c."' "

<0

Answers: p. 557

www.nhantriviet.com

Chapter 02 Information Questions - 357

HA CK ERS

T ES T


Questions 01-03 refer to the following list of events.

Greenhills Country Club Our events for the month of April Campfire Barbecue Date and Time 2"d, 41h Wednesday of the month, 5:00p.m. - 9:00p.m. Members of the country club Open to Time Details Refreshments : 5:00p.m. Barbecue Dinner: 7:00p .m. Special Lecture Date and Time Open to

"Think Like a Golf Pro" by John Turlington AprilS Public

Exhibit

" History's Greatest Golfers" Exhibit and Lecture - Dr. Ed Brubaker, Lecturer, renowned sports history professor at Wesson University Date and Time April 10 - April 13, whole-day exhibit Open to Publ ic Time Details for Dinner Reservations on April13 Cocktails: 5:30p.m . Dinner: 6:30p .m. Lecture by Dr. Ed Brubaker: 7:30p.m. Jazz Night Date and Time Open to

(Musicians to be determined) Every Wednesday, 6:00p.m. - 1:00 a.m. Members of the country club and their famil ies

01 Which event takes place every other week? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Jazz Night "History's Greatest Golfers" Exhibit "Think Like a Golf Pro" Lecture Campfire Barbecue

03 Who can attend Jazz Night? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Professors Musicians Club members Anyone

02 What is the exhibition about? (A) (B) (C) (D)

The origins of golf as a sport The prem ier golf players of all time How to be the best golfer Wesson University's sports program


www.nhantriviet.com

Questions 04-05 refer to the following advertisement and e-mail.

"'m )>

0

:z Cl

.:;:! "0

CD

en

s. To: Customer Service Center, Home Equipment

0

From: Joseph Gumble Subject: Faulty Vacuum Cleaner

a·

c:

CD

~

::::>

en

I ordered a vacuum cleaner under the two-week trial period and have been using it for seven days. At first, the product seemed to work well, especially with specifications such as the reusable dirt holder and user-friendly handle. Unfortunately, the plastic rim of the three-foot extension tube is defective, and seems to have been warped by the heat of the motor after only a few days. As a result, I've decided to return it. However, rather than exchanging it for a new vacuum cleaner, I would prefer to get my money back. Please let me know if this is possible, and I will make arrangements to send the vacuum in.

• .... 0

Joseph Gumble

m

n

.."'"'

c..

04 According to the advertisement, how is this vacuum different from others? (A) (B) (C) (D)

It It It It

has a comfortable handle. is lightweight. is energy efficient. has a long tube.

05 What problem is mentioned by Mr. Gumble? (A) (B) (C) (D)

A A A A

broken motor defective dirt holder missing handle faulty extension tube

Answers: p. 557

::0

\0

Some questions may ask about the information which is (not) stated 1mentioned 1indicated 1true in a passage. NOT questions are known as negative questions which almost always include the word NOT, which is often printed in block letters . It usually takes candidates longer time to answer NOT I TRUE questions.

Typical Questions and Useful Tips Typical Questions [NOT questions]

What is NOT a feature of the item? What is NOT stated in the article?

[TRUE questions)

What is true about the library cards? What is mentioned in the article?

Useful Tips Identify the key words in each question, then scan the passage quickly and look for relevant information in the passage to find the correct answer. Sometimes, you should pay closer attention since the answer choice and the information in the passage do not look the same because of the use of paraphrasing.

amP. I ,.-:-.•

_:~-'f-~ :r-':.<·,J'~~---:~:

_,:;--··--·- --

~~,;:·:'~:''Y~ri:+i:

.... ,., .;·'-t'"" ~-~... ,.,~_-,~--~.-.:-~· ....._.,-__ :-- :J.t .•

._..._ 1 ,.._,...-~~!a,..._oJ~,u::;:..

._ ••

,... ,_ :- _;"":- ...

l·

·

·-

_~

,. ._Dffering·seasor!Tickets forthls Year'sPedormances

;• ·.

· · ,... -

.

•.•. ·.•. '

·

•

. . . .· ... :

ft~~~l~J~~~a~':.~!f~~~. i!Hffil~~~~.t.e~.1~~~. F.~~.L .~~S~ -Q. ~)i~-t~~r{;~?~~. .~,~.~~. .~.~~. t':.·~e~.~1~e· ~.P. ~~i~. ~.~.·. H~.·.),.~~:·?·.: t~r..'?§~.· ~g'~. t.;·f.~ti~:.ye·:~r~.·~.~en ..io.·?k pox. ; •.!~ tt1,e~IT~~th1_ng~: s.u_p ufb of. L~~?o~1 P.~rf~asi~g a _seas?n ~ ·Y··. . ...

t.

nlcket : en~ures you~aamlttance , to any ·performance all 'year long: as well as guaranteeing priority seating·· ·~· in section s ::As'1 ·r;·raC!2eCitionus; season ticket holders can bring one 'guest to every show tor so percent ·

:~·ou mE!.n.qr~~i tick~t Rir~..t• . :. ,,; '··"' ,,.. ~-.:-L.~-!:.•.~.o.)~oA;.~3'i!:&ia.~!~:\.Iau.Mh'l~i..NO.l-:iioi'.t:.

·~~~ ...~ •.~:··.,.._"t.;;._.Ji :;,..:,

...·:~;:-,;.:.,..,

~_-;·~·_>:;,,

Q: What is NOT mentioned as a benefit of season tickets? (A) Favorable seating options (C) First choice on all seats

(B) Entry to all shows (D) Reduced rates for friends

0 : What is true about the Earphone Depot? (A) It was established in 1950. (C) It operates in Louisville . 360 - Hackers TOEIC Reading

(B) It is a subsidiary of WPPI. (D) It is a family business. www.nhantriviet.com

• ••• • ••

HACKERS PRACTICE Reading Practice

Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question given .

01

You are invited to attend this weekend's seminar on Aligning Project Management with Corporate Strategy. The aim of the seminar is to give you an in-depth analysis of the process of business strategy formation from a project management perspective. Today, a manager must take into account the expectations and interests of all parties that have a stake in the project outcome. Several keynote speakers will present on a variety of issues related to these corporate challenges. Topics of this seminar include: • The Changing Face of Business • Project Prioritization

• Implementation of Strategy • Paradigm Shifts

• Management of Investors • Effective Business Strategy

Q . What is NOT one of the subjects of the seminar?

(A) How to balance investor needs (B) How to carry out strategies (C) How to market a project

"' ~ 0

02

Ultra Perm Hair Dryer

z Cl

The brand new Ultra Perm Hair Dryer hit the stores yesterday for the first time. Its popularity is evident by record sales on only the first day. The dryer contains the following features: • Five settings according to hair length • Waterproof casing for bathroom use • Temperature auto-control

• Soft-bristled brush option • Flat plug for child safety

Q. What is NOT mentioned as one of the features of the new dryer? (A) Temperature setting options (B) Protection from water damage

•

(C) A variety of modes depending on user

:I:

03

~

"'""' ~

-< 0

m

n

"' "'

""c.. "' ::>

Q. What is stated about Cascade's T RAX?

(A) It was started by David Fliers. (B) It is aimed at consumers in their teens and early twenties. (C) Its sales have met the CEO's expectations.

•••••••••••••••••••• Paraphrasing Practice Choose a correct rephrased statement for each reading passage.

04

We are holding a job opportunities information session for university senior students and new graduates. This is a one-day session scheduled for May 25. Registration is not required, but attendees will be accepted on a first-come, first-served basis only. (A) Only university students may attend the session. (B) Limited seating is available for participants.

05

The Bergerson Industries Corporation will be relocating its factory to the east side of the city. Roger Bergerson, sole proprietor, said the transfer will facilitate delivery of materials to the warehouse .

.

(A) Roger Bergerson is the owner of the company. (B) Roger Bergerson is the company spokesman.

06

Do you find dust balls under your dresser and bed even if you've already swept the floor? Our new Whoosh vacuum cleaners are so powerful that floors, carpets, and even curtains can become spotless in just a few minutes. (A) The Whoosh vacuum cleaner can make draperies clean. {B) There's no need to sweep the floor again after you've used Whoosh .

07

The governor's travel schedule tomorrow includes a stopover at Lincoln, Nebraska, where he intends to deliver a speech on his plans to run for a second term. The talk will be delivered at the Lincoln Chamber of Commerce. {A) The governor will talk about issues on commerce. {B) The governor will discuss his plans for re-election.


'"'",.,.

.. _..... _

• •••••••••••••••• • 08

From 8:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m ., the prices of children's bicycles at the Mega Bike Shop will be marked down by as much as 20 to 25 percent! I

'

(A) The store is selling all bicycles at marked-down prices. (B) The store will hold a sale on select items.

09

The Carmichael Group, Inc. said that plans for the construction of a 450-million-dollar office building had been approved but that work on the building would not proceed until investors provide the initial outlay needed. (A) Construction will begin when financial backing is given. (B) The Carmichael Group will invest in the building when the plans are finalized.

10

The owner of the building was informed that renovations are needed to meet the accessibility require. ments of workers with disabilities. One important change mentioned is the installation of suitable door handles on all building entrances. !

I

•

(A) Properly installed doors are needed at all building entrances. (B) Renovations will enable disabled workers to reach door handles.

11

Write to Home Remodelmg Contractors for a home remodeling guide. Aside from home reconstruction ideas and plans, the guide includes a picture catalog for every room in your house. You can also get a free quote on any room you want to remodel.

::t:

""'""' ~

(A) The company gives a free estimate.

--< 0

m

(B) The guide is free for customers.

,...,

."""'

c..

:::J 10

Answers: p. 557

HA C K ERS

T EST


Question 01 refers to the following notice.

Taxi Service Guidelines - A Reminder for all Travelers The following are guidelines for passengers in taxi cabs: Riders should be aware that cab drivers cannot refuse to provide taxi service based on the distance of the trip. Additionally, the meter must be turned on when the service begins. The taxi driver cannot charge you more than what is indicated on the meter. The only exception to this is a trip to or from the airport. There is a flat charge of $21 for airport service. You will not be charged extra for additional passengers, but having more than four passengers in the vehicle is considered illegal. Hence, do not expect a cab driver to accept the fifth passenger. Credit cards are accepted by most cab drivers. Cab drivers are not allowed to play their own music or smoke in their cabs. Passengers are also prohibited from smoking. Tipping is appreciated. An appropriate tip for satisfactory service is 10 percent of the total fee. However, the amount of tip is left to the discretion of the customer. If you experience any problems, report the taxi number, license plate, and driver's name to the National Taxi Association. Thank you for cooperation and patronage.

01 What is NOT stated as a taxi regulation? (A) (B) (C) (D)

People in the taxi can't smoke cigarettes. Drivers are obligated to take riders regardless of distance. All fees and charges must be paid in cash . The maximum capacity is four people.


"' > 0

:z

G">

To: Frank Wright, Downtown Real Estate From: Harry Dixon, Maxx Finance Dear Mr. Wright: Thank you for showing us around the office space yesterday. I was impressed with the building and the facilities, especially the state-of-the-art security system . However, there are a few changes we would like to have made to the contract. To begin with, we would like to extend the term of the contract to two years, repaint the interior in our company's signature color of pale blue, and attach some signage to the wall in the reception area . Secondly, it's our understanding that the cost of installation of dividing walls is usually met by the building owner, so we would like this part of the contract to be changed too. Sincerely,

• --<

0

m

Harry Dixon

.....

.,"' "'

c._

"

\0

02 What does the advertisement say about the property? (A) (B) (C) (D)

It will be ready to rent next month. It's pre-equipped with temperature control. It was renovated last year. It is separated into cubicles.

03 What is NOT mentioned in Mr. Dixon 's list of amendments? (A) (B) (C) (D)

The The The The

interior decoration security system terms for installing dividing walls length of the agreement Answers:

,

~

................... ;,.: .......

~-.

...........

p. 558

A few questions in Part 7 are inference questions that require examinees to draw a conclusion about the information that is given because the answers to these questions are not directly stated in the passage.

Typical Questions and Useful Tips Typical Questions Where would this information most likely be found? For whom is the announcement most likely intended? What does the article imply about the restaurant? What can be inferred about the workshop? What is suggested in the letter?

Useful Tips The answers to inference questions are not directly stated in the reading passage. You , thus , have to interpret what the passage implies or draw a conclusion based on the information provided by looking at some hints or key points found in both the questions and the reading passage.

Q: Who is the announcement for?

A: Collectors of old china

Q : What does the article suggest about rotating shift schedules? A: It does not always appeal to employees.


www.nhantriviet.com

••••••••••••


Read the foll owing passages and choose the best answer to each question given .

01

Dear Edward, Thank you for the outline of yesterday's presentation . I'll get right on the completion of the architectural models. My team will most likely have them finished before the weekend. Be sure to make any final modification requests by this afternoon, as we will be working off of the original drafts sent last . week. I will have a delivery person bring the replicas to your office by Monday morning at the latest. . Have a good day. Q . What will Edward most likely do? (A) Arrange for delivery service (B) Make copies of the original plans (C) Send off any last-minute changes to the plans

02

'We at Fantasia Interior Design always enjoy doing business with our friends at Lakeshore Construction. Thank you for agreeing to display our brochures in your lobby. We have always displayed copies ·of your catalogs in our customers' lounge, which has produced a considerable amount of work for your company, and hope this opportunity will do the same for Fantasia Interior. We will continue to showcase your catalogs and refer our clients to your firm. !

Q. What is suggested about two companies in the passage?

(A) They have agreed to promote each other's business. (B) They both provide custom-designed home furnishings. (C) They are advertising their new products in catalogs.

03

Your dream of owning a family vacation home in the sunny Mediterranean is not as far away as you think. Properties in the regions of western Greece, southern Spain, and northern Italy are rapidly developing without the typical prices of luxury properties in more trendy areas. Two-, three- and fourbedroom villas, as well as renovated town homes, are available and displayed on our website . Let European Dreamscapes assist you in fulfilling your investment, retirement, and vacation needs.

f.

..

. ..... ·,, . .,.• ::.c.:..iL,:c'""···.

••

I

-<

Q. For whom is this brochure intended?

0

m

n

(A) Middle-class families (B) Corporate property investors (C) Wealthy luxury travelers

.,"' "'

a.

::>

"'

•••••••• • • • • • •• Paraphrasing Practice Choose a correct rephrased statement for each reading passage .

04

For those interested in becoming a Light Goods Vehicle (LGV) driver, we recommend Veritas Training, the only training company that provides free retest training should the driver fail the first test. (A) The training may be repeated once without charge . (B) Veritas recommends that an LGV driver sign up for training.

05

Henson Speakers provides the finest quality speakers available in the market. With zero tolerance for defects, Henson has made an enormous investment in a high-tech measurement system. (A) Henson invested a great deal of money to ensure a high-quality standard . (B) Henson has purchased a new system due to a lack of quality products.

06

Our cellular service plans are individually tailored to fit the financial situation of each of our customers. Aside from the basic plan, Cell-Com provides extra services to make your entire cellular package fit your wireless communication needs. (A) The basic plan is suitable for all communication needs. (B) Pricing options are available for all budgets .

07

Management has noted some opposition to the proposal for the company's reorganization. To address your concerns, we will be issuing a memorandum that will provide answers to your questions. We hope that this memo will lay your worries to rest. (A) A conference is being scheduled for management and employees. (B) There is an existing plan to restructure the company.


www.nhantriviet.com

• •••••••••••••••••• 08

Doctors have been looking into alternative medicine as one way of speeding up a patient's recovery from an operation. In particular, herbs look very promising. '

(A) Herbs can promote faster healing from surgery. (B) Doctors use herbs during surgical operations.

09

We specialize in carpet, upholstery, drapery, wall , and floor cleaning. Our servtces feature exclusive patented cleaning methods. For those using our services for the first time , mention this advertisement and we will give you 10 percent off. (A) Patented cleaning methods are used if requested by the homeowner. (B) The caller can enjoy a discount if he refers to the advertisement.

10

The Kennedy Business Center is giving a free one-time seminar on business financing options on August 24. Pre-registration is required as seating is limited. I

(A) You need to sign up in advance to attend the seminar.

•

(B) The seminar is limited to employees only.

11

!his Sunday, down at the beachfront by the pavilion, the City Council will be hosting a community breakfast. The goal is to gather residents of the neighborhood for a morning outdoors, in support of reconstructing the pavilion's floor. Coffee and pastries, courtesy of Henry's Bakery, will be available from 8 a.m. to noon. ,

. ·-

·•.

.

I ..

.

. , _

.

_

(A) A bakery is hosting a fundraiser to build a pavilion . (B) A bakery will give out free food before noon.

Answers: p. 558

HA CKERS

T EST


Question 01 refers to the following article.

n recent airline industry news, two of the top companies have merged

m

in an attempt to offer more direct services to popular international

destinations. A representative from BlueSky was recently interviewed by members of the press, at which point he announced the company's decision to join forces with Atlantic Air. The decision comes after months of negotiation. The main cause of the merger is the increasing competition with some of the

Although both companies acknowledge the risk involved in merging the airlines, there is confidence that the new services will sway public opinion. Ashley Hampton, a member of BlueSky's executive board, reminded the press of the main reason for the switch. She stated, "If a customer calls one of our representatives needing a flight from Tokyo to Seattle, we can refer him / her to the Atlantic Air service line. It is a mutually beneficial relationship and we are excited about the possibilities."

major U.S. airliners who are able to offer direct service flights for the most popular business routes.

01 What can be inferred about Atlantic Air? (A) (B) (C) (D)

It only offers discount flights. It recently purchased BlueSky. It has a flight from Seattle to Tokyo. It is known for providing excellent customer service.


www.nhantriviet.com

Questions 02-03 refer to the following information and e-mail.

Comparison of Laptops

*****

excellent

****

good

***

**

fair

*

poor

terrible

Overall, Creativity and Riverpoint 440 met shoppers' expectations where display quality, software, battery life, weight / size, and storage space are concerned. Riverpoint edged out Creativity by 7 points. Excel 910 and Sensory did fa irly well, but Excel's storage space was at issue with its largest capacity being only 20 gigabytes. Shoppers complained about Sensory's battery life, which appears to run out after only 2 hours of use.

"' m

)>

0

;,·_·.:f.~lfi~;~~T$~~~!.8~~~;~t~ii;:i:(J~:~;{~:.;B]~r;·j/A~.:f~ ;f:~.~;}'t';.:f>,:;i"f.r·-· :~:~~~~r_~.!.•-·;:'· .· :._·~-..·~: ·.•.:';_~-.~ 4~r·'~0-i·.··. _:•·-~ 1

?;, •.. ::17rorri:cJv\ich. aei ~;~ Du::.~ Executil/e!Wi r~ctor, ,~ LiqiJ id ! ;Nitro•~ l nc •·ti~ : !·~ .. :t..J•- : --· .. .u-.• ;··!· £·'···<·'-·:·. -- <: -',; :· • -.. -, ~

·')"'',';•--";::·_~~~,_,:-, -;•.!..$ftlll!ift>!ji

· Subject:

~L·-~~.' ~~.'-'-·~'2~.;

'

'Comparison ~ of

·. _J

1

1,

'

Laptops' information

~>:;_-.-;·. ~":"

l

·· · ·

;

··_·_t .• .:.:•._: •.:.·:·

__

?:;:

,

.

.:--1;>"->

D}ar John, .'h·• .. •• 1: s'aw this information' yesterday and am quite concerned about

~.i.:th,rs

z C1

?_9f ,~ ~fe ·wh~t~er ~-·

:i)·~~{

'•

say the least. · AH.:l

th~s~ fin~_i,_ ?gs sin~e

c~n't. ~~;fi

point, .1 :r11 ';IV. should really trust we r·.:.sure that the survey was conducted systematically. However, based on these results, vve t~~ [.~:· di~n't compare •.fa~orabJy to mostl other main brands at all. 1 thi~l<"t~;is -~ktte~ deser~~~~;.~. ~~~- ·-: ,..,-l . ·· ·- -.- .:-: t: ·<. · ~_ I . _ _ _ . L : '. >:·- _ ;-.~._:~:--·~7'! ~-.; ',: closer investigation :f, GeL in -touch with Paul Minnow in marketing· and : put togethe~-1 a >*~ :·_\._.·~::,. - _ :._:·:;-_.-.. ·-,.,.-.--.\.:-s.<'~-'i;,' !.·:·_ ;._ . . --'1<.- .. ---"_.,·;, __ · ___ ~::~~;c,r.-~..;:-t:~' >

l ..

~.-.· p~~sentatiol1: comp~_[ih,g t~is arti.1 1e with o_ur own market resea\~h fin_?i~Q~· _a~d ,t~~g~·

•

[/~ ar ~ange a t1me f?r ': a semmar. S1rce we m1ght have to look at ypgrac;l,lng our produ,cWtj ·. have Jennifer Lackey from technology development attend too. ~~- ;S~; · ~~ rchael Boss ·· ·, .· I . . ·S~;~rj:'t .•·,, .... ·~'_.,· -~

·.·,;· -~

...,..~ _:.:.-.

,...;],_~:_._~-. :{£::~;_.2~:.:-: ...;.-;:~:;

,'

j-1_._~:-•

-_,::'!...t:_-~,::.·~-

-< 0

m

02 Where would the information most likely be found? (A) (B) (C) (D)

In a magazine of merchandise reviews On the item's box In a product brochure In a newspaper advertisement

n

03 What does the e-mail suggest? (A) The brand's popularity has fallen due to the article. (B) The company needs a better marketing strategy. (C) The data reported in the article might not be accurate. (D) They have recently upgraded their laptops. Answers : p. 558

"' "' "' ""'"

Synonym questions ask about the meaning of a word or a phrase in a reading passage . Most of the lexical items in reading passages consist of relatively common English words or phrases, but certainly there will be business-related vocabulary that you may not know.

Typical Question and Useful Tips Typical Question The word "run" in paragraph 1, line 5 is closest in meaning to

Useful Tips 1. For unknown lexical items, guess the meaning of the unfamiliar words in the passage based on the context. In other words, you may use the familiar words in a sentence to get an idea of what an unfamiliar word in the same sentence means. 2. You should make use of this book to learn and broaden your store of vocabulary so that you can reduce your difficulty in doing questions of this type .

Q: The word "manage" in paragraph 2, line 2 is closest in meaning to (A) unite


(B) regulate

(C) withstand

(D) handle

www.nhantriviet.com

Content Words in TOEIC Reading Verbs 01

02

03

accommodate

=lodge

[ek6medeit]

This hotel can accommodate (= lodge) 150 guests .

assess

=evaluate

[eses]

The real estate agency will assess (= evaluate) the value of the property we are interested in buying.

assume

=suppose

[esu:m]

The clients assume (= suppose) that rumors of the company's financial problems are exaggerated.

=take on Most students assume (= take on) a large amount of debt during their time at university. 04

decline

=reject

[diklainl

The credit card was declined (= rejected) because the customer had exceeded his monthly limit.

os generate

06

o7

=produce

[d3enereitl

The new merger will allow the manufacturing company to generate (= produce) higher profits .

govern

=control

[g..\. vern]

The department of motor vehicles governs (= controls) the issuance of drivers' licenses.

cover

=include

[kAver]

The cost estimates cover (= include) all shipping , handling fees , and taxes .

=discuss

•

-----

The CEO will cover (= discuss) plans for the new manufacturing plant at our next staff meeting.

=pay for Sara brought only enough cash to cover (= pay for) her own accommodation expenses.

......

:I:

"" "' ~

-<

0

m

n

."'""

a.

os renew

09

= extend, lengthen

[rinju:]

The law firm decided to renew(= extend, lengthen) their office lease for another two years.

submit

= file, send in

[sebmit]

Applicants for the marketing position must submit (= file , send in) their forms and resumes by June 27 .

......... ..... L... ............ : • •: .-.. - - -

"""

10

serve

=provide

[sa:rv]

The airline will serve (= provide) hot meals to all passengers on flights to Beijing .

=act, work Mr. Brian Davis will serve (= act, work) as the temporary director until a replacement can be found . 11

stress

=emphasize

[stres]

Skyview's factory managers always stress (= emphasize) the importance of safety in the workplace.

= overburden Mr. Arthur is stressed (= overburdened) by the planning of the annual investors' meeting. 12

treat

=deal with

[tri:t]

The workshop will show employees how to treat (= deal with) customers' complaints.

13

work

=operate

[wa:rk]

Rose had difficulty trying to get the recently purchased fax machine to work (= operate) .

Nouns 14

atmosphere

=environment

[retmasfiar]

The hotel created an exotic atmosphere (= environment) by filling their lobby with plants and flowers .

F consideration [kansidareifan]

=attention The director recommended several filming locations for the studio's consideration (= attention).

16

feasibility

=possibility, viability

[fi:zabiliti]

The accountants will assess the feasibility (= possibility, viability) of marketing in China.

17

commission

=fee

[kamifan)

All sales staff receive a 20 percent commission (=fee) for every sale they make.

=committee A meeting for the Securities and Exchange Commission (=Committee) was announced for Monday.


www.nhantriviet.com

1s

item [aitam]

19

20

21

22

23

24

feature

=goods, merchandise _ __ Nyland Department Store carries a wide variety of household items (= goods, merchandise) .

=characteristic

[fi:tfar]

One of the main features (= characteristics) of the new car is its low fuel consumption.

occupation

=job

[akjupeifan]

The study showed that most people have at least three different occupations (=jobs) before they eventually retire.

operation

=surgery

[apareifan]

Ms. Kelly was in good condition after her heart operation (= surgery) .

paycheck

=salary, wage

[peitfekl

Greyson Enterprises offers monthly rather than weekly paychecks (= salaries, wages) to their employees.

proprietor

=owner

[prapraiatar]

It is the responsibility of the building proprietor (= owner) to maintain and repair the elevators.

provision(s)

=supplies

[pravi3an(z)]

Mr. White suggested we place the order this week before we run out of provisions (= supplies).

=arrangements CAN-Rail makes special seating provision (= arrangements) for senior citizens and passengers traveling with young children .

2s replacement [ripleismant]

26

=successor The president wants to find a replacement(= successor) for the regional director as soon as possible.

stock

=inventory

[stok]

The supplier's stock (= inventory) of computer keyboards is nearly depleted.

=shares The textile manufacturer decided to sell 30 percent of their company's stock (= shares).

--<

0

m ,.., "'"'

..

c.

"

IC

21

term(s)

- con(fitions

[ta:rm(z)]

All staff are permitted two weeks of vacation according to the terms (= conditions) of their contracts .

= perio(f Payments must be made monthly during the two-year term (= period) of the credit card 's validity.

Adjectives 2s

29

certain

=specific

[sa:rtn]

Recycl ing centers will be made available to residents at certain (= specific) locations throughout the city .

effective

=efficient

[ifektiv]

Ms. Getty conducted a workshop that focused on more effective (= efficient) production methods.

---

=valid The discount offered by the bookstore is effective (= valid) until the end of the month . 30

31

notable

=important

[n6utabl]

Beatrice Zbornak is a notable (= important) figure in the civil rights movement.

prominent

=well-known

[pramanant]

Professor McClanahan is a prominent (= well-known) expert in the field of alternate energy.

32

liable [laiabl]

=likely Computers are more liable (= likely) to shut down when four or more applications are running at once.

= responsible The court decided that the supplier was liable (= responsible) for the cost of damage to the shipment. 33

sharp

=rapid

lfo:rp]

Snowstorms and a sharp (= rapid} drop in temperatures are expected for this weekend.

34

unbiased

=impartial

[A.nbaiast]

The firm hired an unbiased (= impartial) mediator to negotiate a solution to the labor dispute.


www.nhantriviet.com

35

sophisticated

=complex

[safistakeitid]

Branson Games Inc. has used highly sophisticated (= complex) software to develop its unique products.

=refined Mr. Clayton is very intelligent and has a sophisticated(= refined) sense of humor. 36

unwavering [A.nweivariiJ]

=consistent Betty has worked with us for twenty years and her sense of loyalty has been unwavering (= consistent) .

Adverbs 37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

approximately

=around, about

[a pro ksamatli]

The plane will arrive at Narita International Airport in approximately (= around, about) ten minutes.

consecutively

=successively

[kansekjutivli]

Employees working for more than seven days consecutively (= successively) are el igible for a bonus.

exceptionally

=especially

[iksepfanali]

Li ndstrom Jewelers is famous for making exceptionally (= especially} fine jewellery.

exclusively

=solely

[ikskhi:sivli]

The Golden Idol Lounge is exclusively (= solely} for the use of first-class passengers.

inherently

=fundamentally

[inhiarantli]

Ventu re businesses are inherently (= fundamentally) risky.

initially

=originally

[inifali]

Achron Chemicals reported that profits for this quarter were much higher than initially (= originally) expected.

substantially

=considerably

[sabstrenfali]

In order to cut costs , the company substantially (= considerably) reduced the staff benefits.

randomly

= irregularly

[rre ndamli)

Safety inspections at the factory seemed to be conducted quite randomly (= irregularly).

•

HACKERS PRACTICE

•••••••••• •

Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the one printed in bold type.

01

Place your bag in the locker.

®Put

@ Select

02

maintain factory production

®

keep up

@ defend

03

the company's target market

®

store

@ buyers

04

Bring articles to the cashier.

®

items

@ stories

05

out of stock

®

inventory

@ production

06

the government's landmark decision

®

important

@ location

07

a prominent expert in the field

®

well-known

@ large

08

a positive financial forecast

®

additional

@ optimistic

09

Financial experts supported the testimony.

®

confirmed

@ looked after

10

ways to curtail consumption of fossil fuels

®

reduce

@ include

11

gauge the weight of the box

®

guess

@ measure

12

run a restaurant

®

manage

@ visit

13

violate their company regulations

®

infringe

@ adjust

14

pay the bill

®

legislation

@ invoice

15

purchase a counterfeit product

®

forgery

@ quality

16

a voucher for complimentary dessert

®

coupon

@ brochure

17

feel apprehensive about the future

®

confident

@ fearful

18

a highly contagious disease

®

infectious

@ incurable

19

observe the rules

®

follow

@ establish

20

quote a price for the construction

®

state

@ estimate

21

Stress is known to raise the body temperature .

®

elevate

@ disturb

22

His early remarks suggest a lack of interest.

®

recommend

@ imply

23

He is involved in a very profitable business.

®

high-risk

@ lucrative

24

launch a new perfume

®

develop

@introduce

25

a vacancy for a mailroom assistant

®

opening

@ career

26

have a previous engagement

®

reservation

@ appointment

27

maintain the company's reputation

®

preserve

@ assert

28

complimentary copies of the new book

®

praiseworthy

@ free

29

assess the financial damage

®

risk

@ loss

30

Gas prices are falling .

®

decreasing

@inflating

378


www.nhantriviet.com

••••••••••••••••••• 31

Imports have markedly increased.

® distinctly

@primarily

32

meet the board's requirements

® satisfy

@encounter

33

operate a business

®work

@run

34

his impending retirement

® approaching

@voluntary

35

demonstrate how to use the fax machine

®explain

@protest

36

Consumption of luxury goods dropped abruptly.

® significantly

@suddenly

37

for the remainder of this month

® rest

@end

38

The final meeting will occur next week.

® conclude

@happen

39

The report implicates that a recession is coming.

®implies

@denies

40

Our license expires next month.

® perishes

@finishes

41

raise wholesale prices

®elevate

@gather

42

honor Ms. Haught for what she has achieved

® respect

@approve

"" m )>

43

face the competition

® defeat

@confront

:z

44

a thorough search for missing luggage

®complete

@random

45

suspend his decision

® postpone

@defend

46

accrue interest at 12 percent per annum

®pay

@accumulate

"'a· ~

47

women's apparel production

® garment

@jewelry

"'

48

affect the economic state

® influence

@pretend

49

be anxious to begin the new project

® hesitant

@eager

50

a drop in industrial output

®profit

@ production

51

relieve his heavy workload

®alleviate

@endure

52

a supermarket patron

® supporter

@customer

53

The task entails much stress.

® involves

@causes

."

54

as a consequence of the decision

® result

@objective

.....

55

aggravate the downturn in economic activity

® intensify

@extend

n

56

the provision in the contract

®clause

@supply

57

outstanding natural beauty

® exceptional

@excessive

58

a nice spot for a picnic

® destination

@place

59

There was a lot of speculation about the new design .

® conjecture

@configuration

60

surpass everyone's expectations

® exceed

@increase

0 C)

-<'

"0

"'"' s. 0

c:

::::>

• ::t:

"'"

"' 0

m

Answers: p. 558

.."""'

c..

"'"

HA CKERS

T ES T


Questions 01-02 refer to the following notice.

GynJ. MeJDbership Those enrolling for a one-year membership at Florida Fitness Center are entitled to the following: - Full use of all gym facilities including the pool, exercise equipment, shower and locker rooms - Participation in all aerobics, swimming and weight training classes - Use of the lounge and snack bar where we serve healthy snacks and drinks -Two annual fitness tests provided by our in-house physical fitness expert - Use of massage and spa facilities (extra charges apply) - A free Florida Fitness T-shirt and gym bag Our sports facility is conveniently located downtown on the corner of 9th Avenue and Redgrave Street. Free parking is available and the complex is open from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. every day of the week. Whether you are a first-time member or would like to renew your current membership, please feel free to stop by our offices during working hours.

01 The word "serve" in paragraph 1, line 6 is closest in meaning to

(A) prepare (B) provide (C) take (D) cook


02 The word "renew" in paragraph 2, line 3 is closest in meaning to (A) (B) (C) (D)

extend renovate operate modernize

www.nhantriviet.com

Questions 03-04 refe r to the following article and e-mail.

From: Daniel Hendricks, Vice President of Sales, Soundbox Inc. To: Ali Yasof Date: Sept. 6 Re: Goldbar D-3000

Thank you for the information you sent me about iD Electronics' new Goldbar D-3000 mobile phone. As you know, Soundbox stores recently expanded their product range to include mobile phones. We've always offered our customers the very latest technology with our audio-visual products , and hope to do the same in our mobile phone department. We expect that your new wrist-phone will be a huge breakthrough in this area of the market. I will be attending the Cellular Communication Technology Fair in Osaka, and assume your company will be exhibiting there . I would like to speak with you about the possibility of forming a sales partnership for your new product, and hope to arrange an appointment with you ahead of time. I know we will both be busy during the event, so please let me know what time and place would be most convenient for you .

03 In the article , the word "stressed" in line 6 is closest in meaning to (A) (B) (C) (D)

proposed emphasized considered regarded

04 In the e-mail, the word "assume" in paragraph 2, line 1 is closest in meaning to (A) (B) (C) (D)

continue require suppose follow

Answers: p. 558

"' ~ 0

z Cl

•

382


Section 2 Single Passages Chapter 06 - E-mails I Letters Chapter 07 - Advertisements Chapter 08 - Notices & Announcements Chapter 09 - Articles & Reports Chapter 10 - Memorandums Chapter 11 - Information Chapter 12 - Non-Prose Readings

In Part 7, reading passages may be in the form of e-mails or letters . You may usually find two to three e-mails/ letters in Part 7 of each TOEIC test. These are business communications between companies or within a company . It is not so difficult to find out the correct answers if you are familiar with the format of e-mails/letters.

Typical Questions and Useful Tips Typical Questions What is the purpose of this e-mail? What is Robert Payne being asked to do? What is enclosed with this letter? When did Ms. Dwyer first contact Mr. Frazier? Useful Tips You should familiarize yourself with the format of an e- mail or a business letter and common expressions in order to choose correct answers easily. Generally, the information about the sender and recipient is given at the top of the e-mail / letter. The purpose is mentioned in the introduction ; the content and attachment are given in the body. Finally, a certain request may be included in the conclusion of the e-mail I letter.

J

Sender / Letterhead

Date

J

Recipient

Purpose

J

Content & attachment

~ Request Complimentary closing Signature Sender's name Name of the companyI sender's title / position

0 : Who is Mark Spencer?

384 - Hackers TOEIC Readin g

A: A customer of a textile factory

www.nhantriviet.com

Common Expressions and Vocabulary in Emails/Letters Common Expressions in E-mails/Letters

0 Purpose of the e-mail/letter I am writing 1

+ to-infinitive

am writing to inquire about a discrepancy between an order I made and the amount I was charged .

This letter is

+ to-infinitive

This letter is to confirm your registration for the upcoming conference on financial service providers.

@ Attachment We have enclosed -

We have enclosed a copy of the quarterly report and a synopsis of upcoming projects for the coming fiscal year. Enclosed you will find -

Enclosed you will find information on the services you indicated interest in and contact numbers for each service.

@) Request Please-

m "'

Please send any comments or questions you have to Ms. Stevens at the following e-mail address.

0

)>

:z C\

I would be grateful if you could -

I would be grateful if you could give me some information about the position you advertised in The Financial Herald.

Common Vocabulary in E-mails/Letters

0 Business/Trade bargain over prices

mutual funds

cargo [ka :rgou]

order [5:rdar]

clause [kb:z]

overcharge [ouvartf6:rd3l

commerce [kama:rs] commission [kamifan]

postage [p6ustid3l quota [kw6ute]

•

consignment [kansainment]

quote [kwout]

contract [kantrrekt]

shipment [fipmant]

courier [ka:riar]

0

specification [spesafikeifan]

n

customs [kAstemz]

subcontractor [sA.bkantrrektar] tariff [trerif]

delivery [dilivari] embargo [imb6 :rgou] freight [freit]

trade [treid]

invoice [invJis]

transaction [trrensrekfan] transit [trrensit]

multilateral [mA.ltilretaral]

vendor [vendar]

www.nhantri · .

m

-<

m

"' "' "'c. """

8

Sales, Distribution catalog [kffital?>:g]

merchandise [ma:rtfandaiz]

charge [tJo:rd3l client [klaiant]

net price

commodity [kam6dati]

outlet [a utlet]

discount [dfskaunt]

purchase order retailer [ri:teilar] stock [stok]

distribution [distrabjti:fan]

supplier [saplaiar]

goods [gudz]

transport [tramsp:'>:rt]

inventory [fnvant?>:ri]

warehouse [weahaus]

customer [kAstamar]

@ Banking, Finance account [akaunt]

endorse [ind:'>:rs]

bank statement bounced check cardholder [k6 :rdhbuldar]

insurance [inftiarans] insurance policy interest [fntarist]

cash a check

loan [loun]

checking account collection notice

mortgage [m:'>:rgid3l outstanding balance

credit [kredit]

overdraw [ouvardr:'>:]

creditor [kreditar]

overdue [ouvardjti:]

debit card debt [det]

premium [pri:miam]

deduct [did.Akt]

transaction record

delinquent [dilfr]kwant]

utility bill wire [waiar]

deposit [dip6zit]

savings account

due date

8

Accommodation building [bfldii)]

outskirts [autska:rts]

cozy [k6uzi]

parlor [p6:rlar]

demolition [demalifan] dweller [dwelar] estimate [estamit] evacuate [ivffikjueit]

premises [premisiz]

furnished [fa:rnift]

residence [rezidans]

garage [gar6:d3l inhabitant [inhffi bitant]

spacious [speifas]

landlord [lffindhrd]

tenant [tenant]

lease [li:s] let [let] occupant [6kjapant]

tenure [tenjuar] vacant [veikant] valuation [vreljueifan]


real estate remote [rim6ut] rent [rent]

storage room

www.nhantriviet.com

•••••••• ••

HACKERS PRAC TI CE • Reading Practice


01

July 7 Samantha Chan 220 Lake Road Wilkes-Barre, PA Dear Ms. Chan, Based on our initial interview, we are proceeding with the prefabrication of the ceiling. However, our representative will need to sit down with you to discuss the details of your renovations, in particular, the kitchen, bedrooms and bathroom. We can begin renovations next month and expect them to take a total of three months.

Q. When is the construction expected to start? (A) In July (B) In August (C) In November

"" m )>

0

z Cl

02

· Thank you for your interest in our travel club. As you requested, I am attaching a brochure and information sheets about our services. There is a lot of information in these materials regarding our travel services, packages, and guided tours. If you have any further questions, please don't hesitate to call or e-mail our office anytime. Our 24-hour telephone operators are readily available to assist you with . any questions you may have .

,

.

Q. Why was the e-mail written?

I

(A) To advertise a new club (B) To respond to an inquiry for information (C) To provide contact details for the agency

:X:

03

Your attendance at the Global Communications Conference is anticipated. Enclosed in this letter you will find a print-out schedule of the weekend's events. Changes to the itinerary will be posted on the bulletin board in the main hall on the f1rst day of the conference. Please indicate on the form which events you plan to attend and send it back to our office by the end of the month. I

Q . What is enclosed with this letter? (A) An itinerary of the conference activities (B) A statement of participation for the event (C) An invitation to the weekend's festivities

Ans wers:

p. 558

"'n "'""'

~

-< 0

m

n

"" "'"'a. """

HA C K E R S

T E

ST


Questions 01-02 refer to the following letter.

• Savory Cheeses Suite 34, Glass Complex Chicago , IL 73456 Dear Mr. Jones, Let me begin by expressing our company's excitement at the upcoming opportunity to do business with your establishment. On behalf of Alpha Carriers, I extend a show of gratitude for entrusting us with your valuable goods. Considering that this is the first time we will do business together, we want to take special care to ensure a smooth and faultless transaction. To begin, I'd like to review the shipping details. The dairy goods will be picked up on the morning of September 25 in a refrigerated cargo truck. The truck will drive the goods to Seattle, Washington by the afternoon of September 26 along the route agreed upon in the contract. Please refer to the copy of the contract attached to this letter. The trucker will sign the shipment over to the handlers at the Savory Cheeses branch store, and their people will unload the goods. Once the goods are unloaded, our trucker will take down the mileage and time of transaction, and the shipment will be complete. If there are no problems with the above noted plans, we shall begin preparing for your shipment immediately. Any problems or questions regarding your goods can be directed to our customer service representatives on call 24 hours every day. They are authorized to track the status of any shipment as long as a confirmation number is provided. Thank you again for using Alpha Carriers. We look forward to a future of great business with you!

James Walker Alpha Carriers

I 01 What is the purpose of the letter? (A) (B) (C) (D)

To To To To

describe products confirm shipping arrangements request reimbursement for a purchase ask about the status of a shipment

02 What is enclosed with this letter? (A) (B) (C) (D)

A receipt for payment of services A list of goods being sent to the store A duplicate of the agreement A certificate of guarantee with a confirmation number

Questions 03-04 refer to the following e-mail.

11!1,To:

Steve Corcoran

From:

Mary Henry

Subject:

Architectural consideration

It has come to my attention lately that a number of potential clients have asked what we offer in terms of paneling. Up until recently, I never considered this method of construction as a viable option, but customer demand is making me think otherwise. Our researchers have found that many urban buildings are now constructed using panels that attach like jigsaw puzzles. The benefits are that it is cheap, easy to put together, and has a very modern look. Customers seem to like this clean and sharp image in their offices and homes in comparison to the cement or sheetrock walls available before. Because of the high consumer demand for this type of construction, I would like to know whether it is possible for our company to start offering it as an option. I feel this could be very beneficial for us, and it will be appreciated if you let me know what you think of the idea. I will be sending some research fi les for your review within the next 24 hours. When it is convenient for you, let's schedule a time to discuss this proposal.

03 What is the purpose of the e-mail? (A) {B) (C) (D)

To To To To

conduct market research request instructions confirm a contract ask for an opinion

04 What is suggested in the e-mail? (A) The company is not currently using jigsaw-like panels. (B) Modern consumers prefer the more traditional walls. (C) Customers are hesitant about urban-style interiors.

•

(D) The company has thoroughly researched paneling options. -< 0

m

,...,

"'"'"' "

0..

<0

Answers: p. 558

In Part 7, reading passages may be in the form of advertisements. These may be advertisements on products I services or job advertisements. All of them are most often found in every TOEIC Read ing test .

Typical Questions and Useful Tips Typical Questions [Job advertisements]

What position is being advertised? What is a requirement for the position? How should a person apply for the job?

[Product/service advertisements]

What is being advertised? What Is NOT a feature of the item? For whom is this advertisement intended?

Useful Tips 1. If it is a job advertisement, you must draw your attention to the position recruited , requirements , the application procedure , etc . You may find some key words in the advertisement such as responsibilities , qualifications , requirements , etc . 2. For an advertisement on a product/service , you should read all the details , e.g. the advertiser, reader , product/service. All of these details are often found in the first part of the advertisement; features of the product / service or forms of promotion are usually found in the later part of the advert isement.

Heading Job title

J

Responsibilities

J

'"'"'"m'"" & "'"''"' Method of application

0 : According to the advertisement, what does the job require? A : Official proof of fluency in the foreign language


www.nhantriviet.com

Common Expressions and Vocabulary in Job Advertisements Common Expressions in Job Advertisements

0

Job/Position Name of the company+ is seeking+ job/job description Cell-Tech is seeking an innovative and dynamic individual to facilitate business development at our new branch in Chicago.

@ Responsibilities Candidates will be responsible for The successful candidate will be responsible for budget management, accounts reconciliation and inventory control. ~

Requirements A candidate is required to have The candidate is required to have five or more years' experience in a similar role .

8

Method of application Interested persons should Interested persons should mail or fax a cover letter, resume, and references before the August 15 deadline.

"'m )>

0 ;z Cl

Common Vocabulary in Job Advertisements

0

Recruitment application [replakeifan]

hire [haiar)

apply for

in-house job posting

be fluent in

interview [intarvju:)

bil ingual [bailil)gwal]

job vacancy (= job opening)

candidate [krendideit]

prerequisite [pri:rekwizit)

certificate [sartifikat]

professional [prafefanal]

communication skills

proficient [prafifant]

competent [kampitant]

qualification [kwalafakeifan)

cover letter

recruit [rikni:t)

dependable [dipendabl]

reference letter (= letter of recommendation)

diploma [dipl6uma]

resume [rezumei)

employ [impl:'>i]

skill [skill

employment [impl:'>imant]

specialist [spefalist)

experienced [ikspiarianst]

trustworthy [trt\stwa:riii)

•

@ Jobs accountant [akauntant]

expert [ekspa:rt]

analyst [renalist]

janitor [d3renitar]

attorney [ata:rni]

operator [opareitar]

bookkeeper [btikki:par]

physician [fizifan]

cashier [krefiar]

researcher [risa:rtfar]

chemist [kemist]

salesman [seilzman]

counselor [kaunsalar]

secretary [sekrateri]

engineer [emd3aniar]

@) Pay allotment [alotmant]

payment [peimant]

allowance [alauans]

payroll [peiroul]

benefit [benefit]

pension [penfan]

bonus [b6unas]

reward [riw5:rd]

cut the number on payroll

salary [srelari]

incentive [insentiv]

wage [weid3l

income [inkAm]

9 Working Conditions be on duty

night shift

be on leave

orientation [::,:rienteifan]

day shift freelance [fri:lffins]

probationary period

internship [inta:rnfip] maternity leave newcomer [njti:kAmar]

392


part-time sick leave temporary [tempareri]

www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE • •

••••••••••

Reading Practice Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question given.

01

Carson's Law Office is currently seeking a receptionist with the following qualifications: ./Typing speed of over 80 wpm ./ Excellent communication skills ./ Mastery of word processing programs ./ Knowledge of Excel a plus If you feel that you meet these requirements, please stop by our office to set up an interview. Leave your resume and letters of reference with the front desk.

~

j

Q. What is mentioned as a requirement for employment? (A) Master's degree in computer programming (B) Ability to communicate in a foreign language (C) Expertise in document processing software

02

Position: Market Analyst :

m "' )>

I

Specific duties and responsibilities: - Research market competitors - Prepare portfolios and make presentations with which to demonstrate your findings Creatively design and plan suggestions for market share increase

Qualifications: - Excellent research skills - Knowledge of cosmetic products - At least five years' experience - Specialized training at university orcollege

0

:z Cl

en

::;·

co

CD' "'C

"'enen co "'en <'D

Q. What is NOT mentioned as a responsibility of the job?

•

(A) Instructing staff on market trends (B) Giving presentations of research results (C) Finding information about competing companies

03

.,

:r

" "'

7<' ~

-< 0

m

n

.,"'"'

c. =>

<.0

Q . What is being advertised?

(A) A tour guide book (B) A hostel for backpackers (C) A travel escort service Answers: p. 558

www.nhantriviet.com

Chapter 07 Advertisements - 393

HA C K ERS

T EST



management Position Huailable for a Qualified Professional The Pacific Pacesetters Training Corporation is accepting applications for a Customized Training Director. This is a full-time position. The Director will be responsible for the overseeing and sales of customized training programs for companies. colleges. public offices and organizations on a city-wide scale. He or she will build relationships with local officials, company heads, colleges and professional organizations for the purpose of cultivating and growing new markets. Local travel is required. Candidate must have a Master's degree and two years' experience in a similar position. Strong computer and instructional skills are required. Ability to speak and read in Spanish is a plus. The Pacific Pacesetters Training Corporation provides a competitive salary commensurate with the candidate's qualifications. Those wanting to apply for this job posting are asked to send a letter of interest to Administrative Services, Pacific Pacesetters Training Corporation, Route 67 West. Boston, MA 02101 or [email protected] .

01 According to the advertisement, what is one of the job requirements? (A) Communication abilities (B) Experience in education (C) Computer skills (D) Fluency in Spanish


02 What are applicants interested in the position asked to do? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Fax a resume Send a letter Fill in an application form Forward a mailing address

www.nhantriviet.com

Questions 03-05 refer to the foll owing advertisement.

STORE CLOSURE CLEARANCE! Everything must go!

Don't miss out on Nerdstrom's store closure clearance! We are moving to a new location and all current stock is on sale! Find incredible discounts on brand name products. Don't miss out on these great savings! • 60% off all swim wear! • 70% off all women's summer clothing! • 70% off all men's summer clothing! • 50% off all seasonal footwear!

• 60% off all summer beach and sports equipment! • 50% off everything in our sportswear department!

;o m )>

And don't forget, those using their Nerdstrom's charge card will receive an additional 10 percent off their total purchase and a free catalog of our fall and winter collections. This incredible savings event starts Saturday, March 12 l!ntil Tuesday, March 15. Our stock is limited, so don't waste any time and head down to Nerdstrom's this weekend! Our hours are 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. every day. Visit our website www.nerdstroms.com for more information.

03 Why have prices been reduced? (A) (B) (C) (D)

The The The The

store is going out of business. business is relocating. merchandise is damaged. building is being renovated.

05 Where can customers find more information about the sale? (A) (B) (C) (D)

In a brochure In a magazine In a catalog On the website

04 What will customers who use a Nerdstrom's charge card receive? (A) (B) (C) (D)

A A A A

0

z Gl (/)

::;·
..,Ci> "' "'en en en

CD

• ..... 0

m

n

."""'

beach towel catalog gift certificate newspaper subscription

c.

"

IC

Answers: p. 558

In Part 7, reading passages may be in the form of notices and announcements . Notices are used to announce some news or changes within a company. They usually include the sender, recipient , topic, and main content. Announcements are meant to inform the public. Typically , they involve the introduction of a new product or service, the statement of a government or business policy, the opening of a cultural attraction , etc. About two passages of these types are found in Part 7 of each TOEIC test.

Typical Questions and Useful Tips Typical Questions What is the purpose of this notice? Where is this announcement found? What will happen on February 15? What is stated about the residents?

Useful Tips 1. Overview questions about these types of passages often ask about the purpose of the notice I announcement or the audience for it. The answers to these questions can easily be found in the first half of the reading passage . Information questions often ask about the time , place, prices , etc. which may be found in the middle , and contact detail may usually be seen at the end of the passage. 2. If you are familiar with the format of notices and announcements , you can save plenty of time while doing the test and find out the correct answers easily.

J

Topic

J

Details & requests

=:J

Contact detail

0 : Who should motorists contact if they have any concerns? A: John Shriver


www.nhantriviet.com

Common Expressions and Vocabulary in Notices and Announcements Common Expressions in Notices and Announcements

0

Purposes of notices/ announcements We are pleased to announce We are pleased to announce the publication of the 2008 edition of The Journalist's Reference Book. Please be aware that Please be aware that there is a service charge for bank patrons whose checks are returned due to insufficient funds .

@ Requests (Audience) is requested + to-infinitive Drivers are requested to collect a parking voucher from the dispensing machine before entering the garage.

@) Contact detail If you have any concerns, please contact If you have any concerns , please contact us at the address indicated at the end of th is policy.

"'m )>

0

Common Vocabulary in Notices and Announcements

0

z

"' en

::;·

In companies

<0

Cb

accomplish [ak6mplifl

implement [implamant]

acquisition [rekwizifan]

mediate [mi:dieit]

agenda [ad3enda]

negotiation [nigoujieifan]

assign [asain]

oversee [ouvarsi:]

assignment [asainmant]

performance [parf5:rmans]

circulate [sa:rkjaleit]

recipient [risipiant]

comprom ise [k6mpramaiz]

reimburse [ri:imba:rs]

consensus [kansensas]

routine [ru:ti:n]

coordinate [kou5:rdaneit]

set out to do

correspondence [k?J :risp6 ndans]

submission [sabmifan]

dispute [dispju:t]

take on

dress code

undertake [t..ndarteik]

embark [imb6:rk]

workload [wa:rkloud]

evaluate [ivreljueit]

~

en

"' "'en

<0

• -< 0

m

n

..

,"' a.

:::1 IC

+ ; .

@ Production apparatus [ffiparffitas] assembly line component [kamp6unant]

minimize [minamaiz] output [autput]

construct [kanstr.Akt]

outsourcing [autsJ:rsiiJ] plant [plrent]

conveyor [kanveiar J

process [proses]

defect [difekt]

produce [pradju:s]

device [divais]

productivity [proudAktivati]

equipment [ikwipmant]

prototype [pr6utataip]

facilitate [fasiliteit]

quality [kw6lati]

facilities [fasilatiz] fully-equipped

quantity [kw6ntati] renovate [renaveit] resources [ri:sJ:rsiz]

inspection [inspekfan] instrument [instramant]

shift Uift]

machinery [mafi:nari]

standardize [stffindardaiz]

maintenance [meintanans]

unit [ju:nit]

malfunction [mrelf.AIJkfan]

update [A.pdeit]

manufacture [mffinjufffiktfar]

upgrade [.Apgreid]

maximize [mffiksamaiz] mechanical [makffinikal]

yield [ji:ld]

8 At the airport aircraft [erkrffift]

flight attendant

airfare [erfer]

go through customs

airsickness [ersiknis]

immigration [imagreifan]

aisle seat

jet lag

aviation [eivieifan]

land [lrend]

baggage [bcegid3l boarding pass

local time

departure [dip6:rtfar]

luggage [l.Agid3l renew [rinju:] stand-by

destination [destaneifan] duties [dju:tiz]

take off

duty-free shop

visa [vi:za]

emergency [ima:rd3ansi]

window seat


www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRA CTICE • • • • • • • • • • • • • Reading Practice Read the fo llowing passages and choose the best answer to each question given .

01

For the next month, the local student council will be accepting submissions for the youth essay contest. The council is in need of qualtfied people to judge the entries after the deadline has passed. If interested, please contact Principal Howard and send your resume to the council's e-mail address. Q. What is the purpose of this notice?

(A) To recruit evaluators for a writing contest (B) To bring in more participants for the contest (C) To promote the student council

02

Due to an increase in customer demand, Johnson Tailor has had to reorganize its order completton process. From now on, all customers will receive an ttemized receipt when picking up their mended or tailored clothing. A list of the completed alterattons will appear on the left-hand side of the paper.

"'

m

Q. How will the adjustments be indicated?

)>

0

z

(A) They will be explained to the patron upon pick-up. (B) They will be printed on the receipt. (C) They will be listed on the clothes.

03

Cl

Electricians will be working with maintenance personnel to replace some of the wires on the first and second floors this morning at 10:00. The maintenance work will result in a loss of electric service for approximately one hour. A few minutes before the power outage is scheduled to begin, an announcement will flash on your screen, instructing you to save your data and turn off your computers.

Q. What are employees required to do when they are signaled?

(A) Turn out the lights (B) Delete suspect files (C) Shut down their computers

Answers: p. 558 •a.n . . . . . .

-.1.-.-- .... :.. :_..._ - - -

•

H A C K ERS


T E S T


ANDERTON BIO-RESEARCH GROUP SAFETY NOTICE Those employees working in Anderton Bio-Research laboratories or biological research facilities are required to follow government and corporate safety precautions. All laboratory staff must wear appropriate clothing and use the necessary safety equipment at all times. Approved lab coats, safety glasses and protective gloves must be worn by anyone entering these areas. Additional safety clothing such as chemical protective suits or protective aprons may be provided for Research and Laboratory Department. These regulations also apply to all approved visitors entering the laboratories or research areas. These regulations are for your own protection and also to avoid outside contamination. Also, please be aware of emergency kits located throughout the facilities in case of an accident or other emergency. Weekly safety notices will be posted on the bulletin boards above every safety kit throughout the building. Please take a moment to look through our guidelines and regulations to make sure you are up to date on all safety practices and procedures.

01 What protective gear is NOT required for all employees? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Lab coats Safety glasses Protective gloves Chem ical protective suits

02 How often will safety notices be posted? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Once Once Once Once

a a a a

day week month year

Questions 03-06 refer to the following announcement.

WCC Film Industry Conference The World Chamber of Commerce (WCC) will hold its fifth annual film industry conference in Cannes on April 20 -21. The conference will address such issues as film distribution, new technology and copyright infringement. The event will provide an excellent opportunity for film producers and executives to meet and discuss several problems facing the industry. The conference will be held at the Cannes Convention Center in France. The conference will begin on Saturday with an open discussion led by representatives of the WCC. Following the discussion , there wil l be a presentation from Justin Dielberg, a film director and producer in Hollywood , Cali fornia , USA. He will discuss some of the dangers the film industry faces today, and his predictions for the film industry of the future . Several workshops are planned for the second day of the conference, hosted by Australia's Gemstone Studios . The conference will close wit h a speech from Gemstone Studios' presi dent, Cody Allen. Following the conference, attendees are invited to attend an evening banquet at the convention center in the Diamante Hall.

""

~

)>

0

z C'l

Those interested in attending the conference should send an e-mail to [email protected] .

03 For whom is th is announcement most likely intended? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Actors Movie producers Film distributors Directors

04 Where will the conference be held? (A) (B) (C) (D)

In In In In

the United States France Australia England

05 What will take place on the first day of the conference? (A) (B) (C) (D)

A workshop A dinner A film presentation A discussion

06 On what day will Cody Allen give his talk? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Friday Saturday Sunday Monday

• -<

0

~

n

."'""

a. ::1

""

An swers: p. 558

In Part 7, reading passages may be in the form of articles and reports . These passages cover a wide range of topics, such as environmental protection , energy conservation, businesses , etc. About two passages of these types are found in Part 7 of a TOEIC test. Noticeably, most of these passages are rather long and contain unfamiliar vocabulary. Examinees may find these types of reading passages a bit challenging .

Typical Questions and Useful Tips Typical Questions What does the article mainly discuss? What is the main purpose of the article? According to the article, what is a worker's right? What is NOT stated about Mr. Walter? What is suggested about the hotel?

Useful Tips 1. Generally, the topic or purpose of the article or report is found at the beginning of the passage and the supporting details follow. Both overview and detail questions are equally asked. 2. You should familiarize yourself with common vocabulary and expressions which are often found in articles and reports by carefully learning them in this book.

Q: What is the purpose of this article? A: To declare an upcoming move

Common Expressions and Vocabulary in Articles and Reports Common Expressions in Articles and Reports (Somebody I Organization) announced thatFB Network Associates announced today that it has signed an agreement with Data Technologies to develop network applications. (Somebody I Organization) point out thatEconomists point out that the declining value of the dollar is helping exporters sell their goods in overseas markets.

Common Vocabulary in Articles and Reports

0 General business adverse [a:Jdva:rs]

monetary [moniteri]

bankrupt [bffiiJkrApt] boom [bu:m]

monopoly [manopali]

boost [bu:st] capital [krepital]

recession [riseJan] remit [rimit]

circulation [sa :rkjah~ifan] currency [ka:ransi]

sluggish [slAgiJ] soar [so:r]

prosperity [prasperati]

"" m )>

0

:z C>

downturn [daunta:rn] flourish [fla :riJ]

speculation [spekjaleiJan] stagnation [sta:Jgneifan]

fluctuate [flA.ktJueit]

stimulate [stimjaleit]

inflation [infleifan]

surge [sa:rd3l

market research

tax exemption

market share

tax-deductible

marketability [mo :rkitabilati]

thrifty [Srifti]

•

merge [ma:rd3l

@ Corporate businesses accounting [akauntiiJ] analysis [amelisis]

fiscal year

analyst [ffinalist]

liability [laiabilati]

assets [resets]

overhead [ouvarhed]

audit [:S:dit]

portfolio [po:rtf6uliou]

budget [bA.d3it] dividend [dividend]

profitability [profitabilati] revenue [revanju:]

downsize [daunsaiz] earnings [a:rniiJz]

strategy [strretid3il

www.nhantriviet.com

finance [finrens]

set up a business

Chapter 09 Articles & Reports - 403

--<

0

m

r.

"'""

"'

0..

::1 <0

@) Profits & Losses be in the black

income [inkAm]

be in the red

loss [b:s]

benefit [benafit] cost [ko:st]

lucrative [hi:krativ]

damage [dremid3l deficit [defisit] expenditure [ikspenditfar] expense [ikspens] gross [grous]

margin [m6:rd3in] net profit profit [profit] profitable [pr6fitabl] surcharge [sa:rtjo:rd3l surplus [sa:rplAs]

gross income

9

Environment acid rain coal [koul]

hazardous [hrezardas]

conserve [kansa:rv]

humidity [hju:midati] mine [main]

contam ination [kantremaneifan] crude [kru:d]

ozone layer

disposal [disp6uzal]

purify [pjtiarafai]

ecology [ik6lad3il

recycle [ri:saikl]

endangered [indeind3ard]

timber [timbar]

environment [invaiaranmant]

wildlife [waildlaif1

natural resources

habitat [hrebitretl

0

Health & Medicine allergy [relard3il

nutrition [nju:triJan]

antibiotic [rentaibai6tik]

prescription [priskripfan]

diagnosis [daiagn6usis]

symptom [simptam]

fatigue [fati:g]

vaccination [vreksaneifan]

medication [medikeifan]

(;) Administration & Politics authorize [5:8araiz] bureau [bjtiarou]

federal [fedaral]

consulate [k6nsjalit]

legislation [led3isleijanl mandatory [mrendat:J:ri]

diplomat [diplamret]

municipal [mju:nisapal]

election [ilekfan]

provision [pravi3an] summit [s.\mit]

embassy [embasi] enactment [inrektmant] 404 - Hackers TOEIC Reading

violation [vaialeifan] www.nhantriviet.com

HA CKERS PRACT ICE • • • • • • • • • • • • • Reading Practice Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question given .

01

For many first-time home buyers, high interest rates or shaky market prices act as deterrents against property purchase. Most people find it discouraging to get rejected by bank after bank, even with perfect credit histories. In the meantime, home seekers usually tire of the search and instead come to appreciate the simplicity of renting an apartment or condominium. Thus, in the end, the number of actual buyers is quite low. Q . What obstacle do many first-time home buyers face?

(A) Finding affordable housing (B) Paying for rent and a mortgage at the same time (C) Getting approved for a loan

02

The so-called "Avian Flu" is wreaking havoc in some of Asia's easternmost provinces, most notably Thailand. The epidemic has had adverse effects on the country's already sluggish economy. Two of the largest industries in the nation are being hit the hardest: the chicken and tourist industries. Chicken farming, which makes up over 2 percent of the country's total GDP, is expected to continue its recession, while measures are being taken to stimulate tourism, which accounts for just under 6 percent of the nation's income.

"' > 0

z C\

en

5'

10

"0

"' "'

(I) (I)

Q. What is likely to happen to Thailand's chicken industry?

10

"'

(A) It will derail Thailand's booming economy. (B) It will suffer more losses . (C) It will stay at a standstill.

03

(I)

The Black and White Furniture Factory in Nogales, Arizona is closing down for good. It has had a glorious 80-year history, but Nogales is changing. Like many cities in Arizona, industries are no longer the main source of income for most residents. Service-oriented businesses are now flourishing in Nogales and provide the main source of employment for 90 percent of its working residents. Q. Why is Black and White Furniture Factory shutting down?

• --<

0

m

(A) It cannot compete with other furniture factories. (B) It no longer provides a main work source for residents. (C) The factory is old and broken down .

n

"' "'"'a. :0 <0

Answers :

www.nhantriviet.com

p. 558

HA C K ERS


T EST

Questions 01-03 refer to the following press release.

PRESS RELEASE Pacific City Opens New Subway System Nov. 28 : The Pacific City Department of Transportation is pleased to announce the opening of the city's first subway line which will begin full service starting on Friday, Nov. 30. After eight years of construction, the subway system will provide transportation from the city's north end, all the way down to the docklands on the south shore. The current line includes 24 stations, with an additional 8 stations scheduled to open in July of next year. The central station, Kinghorn Place, is located in the heart of the city. It includes links to regional trains, an undergroun.d shopping arcade and a food court. The opening of the new system was originally scheduled for last year, but labor strikes delayed the construction for nearly ten months. The department of transportation says the new system has the capacity of moving nearly half a million passengers per day. Fares for the subway will be very affordable, ranging from $1$2.75.

01 What is the main topic of the press release? (A) (B) (C) (D)

The renovation of city facilities A new transportation system A building expansion A shopping facility

03 Why was the construction delayed? (A) (B) (C) (D)

The electrical system wasn't operational. There was a lack of funds for completion . Some of the equipment broke down. There were workers' strikes.

02 What is NOT included at the central station? (A) (B) (C) (D)

A shopping center Restaurants Train connections A bus terminal


www.nhantriviet.com


Hong Kong-based Titan Industries, the world's second largest shipbuilding company, started production at their newest shipbuilding facility in southern Malaysia last year. The company has been advertising hundreds of new job openings, but according to Marina Onassis, CEO of Titan Industries, it is proving difficult to find the necessary workforce needed for the new branch. "We are currently only operating at 40 percent of the facility's full capacity," Onassis reported. She further explained that Titan has to look for skilled workers outside of the nation. "Because of its proximity to Singapore, one of the world's major shipping ports, we were expecting a larger number of shipbuilding workers in the area. It is surprising that there is a shortage."

04 What did Titan Industries do last year? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Developed a new type of ship Opened a plant in Malaysia Moved their headquarters to Hong Kong Announced the appointment of a CEO

05 What surprised Marina Onassis about the region? (A) (B) (C) (D)

The The The The

cost of raw materials condition of local ports lack of available workers high standard of living

Recent advertisements called for applications from certified welders, draftsmen and electrical engineers. The company will provide in-house training, a relocation allowance, a generous benefits package and competitive salaries. Engineers are particularly sought after, with additional benefits including a living allowance and the highest levels of pay compensation. However, Onassis feels that the problem is only a temporary one. "We feel confident that the shipbuilding plant will be functioning at 70 percent of its capacity by the end of the second quarter. The responses to our job advertisements have been incredible, and our workforce is growing larger on a daily basis. We hope to have a full staff very soon."

;"' 0

z

C>

06 Which workers might receive the highest salary at the Titan shipbuilding facility? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Welders Captains Draftsmen Engineers

07 What does Ms. Onassis suggest about the job

•

advertisements? (A) They were expensive to put in newspapers. (B) They have attracted a number of applicants. (C) They were posted on the company website . (D) They included job descriptions.

-<

0

m 1""\

"' "'"'c.. ::>

"'

Answers: p. 559 L

In Part 7, reading passages may be in the form of a memorandum which is a piece of correspondence sent between employers and I or employees within a company or among companies to inform of a changed venue, a new decision, a request , a staff transfer , etc. Initially, the term "memorandum " was used, but by the 1920s when the internal documents were already widely spread , it was shortened to "memo". Memos are less formal than letters and may have their own format. Specifically, there are a heading and a body; no salutation , complimentary closing, and formal signature are included in memos. On average, a passage of this type is given in Part 7 of each TOEIC test.

Typical Questions and Useful Tips Typical Questions What is the purpose of this memo? What are employees asked to do? Where will the meeting take place? What problem is mentioned in the memo? What will the winner of the contest receive?

Useful Tips 1. You should familiarize yourself with the format of a memo. On the top left, you will see the recipient 's name , sender's name, and Subject: or Re: which states the main topic or purpose of the memo. Looking at the Subject: or Re: , you can easily predict the content of the memo. 2. You can also learn the expressions and vocabulary often found in memos in this book to facilitate your reading skil l.

Q: Why was this memo written? A: To inform employees of a change in procedure


www.nhantriviet.com

Common Expressions and Vocabulary in Memos Common Expressions in Memos Purpose of the memo I am sending this memo out to somebody + to-infinitive I am sending th is memo out to all seminar participants to remind you of the change in schedule for tomorrow's presentations. We regret to inform you that We regret to inform you that your account has been suspended pending payment of all outstanding debts.

Common Vocabulary in Memos

0 Human resources allocate [relakeit]

profile [pr6ufail]

appoint [ap5int]

promote [pram6ut]

appraisal [apn~ izal]

qualified [kwolafaid]

aptitude [reptitju:dl

quit [kwit]

curtail [ka:rteil]

relocate [ri:loukeit]

cut back

replacement [ripleismant]

"'m )>

dismiss [dismis]

resign [rizain]

dispatch [dispretfl

resignation [rezigneifan]

field [fi:ld]

retirement [ritaiarmant]

fire [faiar]

training session

U'>

::;·

co

Ci)

" "'"'"' "'

co

get a promotion

transferred [trrensfa:rd]

incumbent [inkAmbant]

turnover [ta:rnouvar]

layoff [lei:J :f]

8 Management advise [advaiz]

managerial [mrenid3iarial]

alter [5:ltar]

proper [propar]

appropriate [apr6uprieit] assign [asain]

relevant [relavant]

(1)

"'

• :I:

""' "'""

review [rivju:]

~

consult [kansAlt]

streamline [stri:mlain]

demanding [dimrendiiJ]

supervise [sju:parvaiz]

head [hed]

time-consuming

-< 0

m

n

"' "'

"' a. ::>

manage [mrenid3l

www.nhantriviet.com

~

z

Cl

10

Chapter 10 Memorandums- 409

8

Enterprises affiliate [afilieit] branch [bramtf] colleague [k6li:g] company [kAmpani]

9

expansion [iksprenfan] firm [fa:rm] head office headquarters [hedkwo:rtarz]

competitor [kampetitar]

Inc. (Incorporated)

conglomerate [kangl6mareit]

Ltd. (Limited)

corporation [ko:rpareifan] division [divi3an]

merge [ma:rd3l parent company

enterprise [entarpnhz]

subsidiary company

Titles/ Positions administrative [administreitiv]

executive [igzekjutiv]

administrative assistant

immediate supervisor

assistant [asistant]

manager [mrenid3ar]

associate [as6ujieit]

managerial position

CEO (Chief Executive Officer) chairman [tferman]

ownership [6unarfip]

consultant [kans.\ltant] coordinator [kou5:rdaneitar] deputy [depjuti]

representative [reprizentativ] senior [si:njar] staff [stref]

director [direktar]

supervisor [sju:parvaizar]

employee [impl5ii:]

trainee [treini:]

employer [impl:Jiar]

vice president

position [pazifan]

entrepreneur [o:ntraprana:r]

0

Departments accounting department

overseas division

board of directors

payroll department

consumer affairs department

personnel department

engineering department

public relations department

head office

sales department

human resources department

shipping department

marketing department


www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE

••••••••••••

Reading Practice Read the foll owing passages and choose the best answer to each question given .

01

We regret to inform you that after ten years with Accutron Corporation, Stacy Burke will be stepping down as senior manager. Ms. Burke saw Accutron through some of its most exciting years, contributing to a 100 percent increase in product sales and devising a system that saved the corporation twenty million dollars m annual expenses. Q . What is the purpose of this memo? (A) To congratulate a recently hired manager (B) To report an increase in sales (C) To report the resignation of a supervisor

02

During the following two weeks, construction will be underway in the main lobby. There is a need to perform immediate repairs and maintenance before it can be used again. We ask that during this time you take the back door entrance and exit, or enter the building through the sliding doors adjacent to the river. Only construction crew members and high-ranking staff in management will be able to pass through the lobby while under construction.

"' l> ~

0

z Cl

Q. What is going to occur soon? (A) Staff will be using temporary offices. (B) The main entrance will be closed for repairs . (C) The company will be shut down temporarily.

03

This year, we have accumulated fifteen boxes of manuscripts that need treatment and rebinding in order to preserve them. These manuscripts are rare but still in demand; hence, the head librarian would like the salvaging work to take place as quickly as possible. While an expert technician has been hired to take the lead, staff members will be rotated to work with him on a two days per week basis.

• ..,

:r

.,~ .... 0

Q. What is the purpose of this memo?

~

(A) To ask for volunteers to work overtime (B) To inform staff of maintenance activities (C) To remind staff members of workload

~

,...,

..,"'"'

a.

"

Answers: p. 559

HA CK ERS

T EST


Questions 01-02 refer to the following memo.

Nov. 8 To: Warehouse Personnel From: Meredith Glover, Supervisor Subject: Preparation for Winter Season Date:

We are expecting orders for our products to peak this coming holiday season. Demand has already increased by 10 percent in the first week of November. However, we are not, at this time , planning to hire new packers and other warehouse personnel for the season. Therefore, we would like to announce that it will be necessary for all warehouse personnel to increase their work hour load beginning November 11 until the first week of January. An additional break will be provided during the shift. Each warehouse staff must increase his total weekly workload by 12 hours. Management is asking that employees who work the morning shift turn in their schedule requests to their supervisors. Those who work the afternoon shift must pick from the hours available on the bulletin board in the main office. Graveyard workers are expected to meet with their department heads individually to arrange their shifts. As usual , extra work will be remunerated with overtime wages , compensatory time off, or free products. Previously, we offered grocery coupon books, but that option has been discontinued.

01 What is the purpose of the memo? (A) To report new company hiring policies (B) To explain a benefits package change (C) To inform staff members of warehouse renovations (D) To announce a temporary change of work schedule

02 What will NOT be offered to employees who work overtime? (A) Overtime pay (B) Coupon books (C) Free merchandise (D) Time off


To:

Employees of Anderson Furniture From: Richard K. Norse, Director of Building Security

Date: April 15 Security System

Re:

Please be aware that beginning Thursday next week the security system for this building is going to be replaced . Instead of the code-accessible doors currently in place, there will be audiovisual monitors and armed personnel present at every entryway. This change is taking place due to the fact that a few employees have given their codes to persons not authorized to be in this building. We feel that using maximum security measures will benefit both the corporation and the staff. According to our new policy, all employees must display their ID badges on their shirt pockets or around their necks at all times. Starting Thursday, anyone without proper identification will not be allowed into the premises. Guests will be ushered to the front information desk to fill out a visitor's application and will be issued a temporary ID before entering secure areas of the building. If you forget your pass, you will have to be screened by the front office before being allowed into your workplace.

"'m )>

0

z G'>

In the case that you don't yet have your ID, stop down in the records department in the

basement floor. Bring a passport size photograph and your social security card, as well as a signed copy of your employment contract. These documents will be retained for two days while your badge is being processed, and the identification card will be valid for one year as of the issue date. You will also find a copy of this information in the weekly agenda in your mailboxes. Thank you for your cooperation.

03 Why is the security system being changed? (A) Identification cards have been frequently lost. (B) The code-accessible doors have malfunctioned. (C) Some people had unapproved access to the building. (D) Employees have complained about theft.

05 How long will it take for an ID card to be issued? (A) (B) (C) (D)

One day Two days Six days Seven days

• --<

0

m

,...,

.,"' "'a. "

10

04 What happens if employees don't wear the ID? (A) They will building. (B) They will (C) They will (D) They will

be investigated before entering the have to be issued a temporary ID. have to fill out a visitor's application . be detained by security. Answers: p. 559

In Part 7, reading passages may be in the form of a piece of information wh ich covers a wide range of topics in daily life, such as instructions for a product, directions on use of a piece of equipment, etc. On average, one passage of this type is given in Part 7 of a TOEIC test.

Typical Questions and Useful Tips Typical Questions Where would this information most likely be found? For whom is this document intended? What is stated about training courses? What is NOT available at the ticket office? According to the information , what are membership owners instructed to do? Useful Tips You have to infer the setting where the piece of information is given . Also, details of the targeted audience and specific content should be read carefully. Importantly, the audience and the setting are generally not clearly stated . You, hence , need to read every detail so as to be able to select the correct answers .

J J Q: Whom is this document intended for? A: Purchasers of the Cellular Microphone

Introduction

Warning

Common Vocabulary in Information 0

Transportation bypass [baipres]

public transportation

car maintenance commute [kamju:t] fare [fear] fuel [fju:al] highway [haiwei] intersection [intarsekfan] launch [b:ntf] limousine [limazi:n]

pull over route [ru:t] shortcut [f5:rtk.At] shuttle [fA.tl] sidewalk [saidw:>:k] toll [toul] traffic congestion traffic jam

mechanic [makrenik]

transfer [traonsfa:r]

passenger [presand3arl pedestrian [padestrian]

vehicle [vi:ikl] vessel [vesal]

@ Tourism accommodation [akomadeifan] book [buk] cancellation [krensaleifan] car rental check-in checkout [tfekaut] collect call confirmation [konfarmeifan] courtesy [ka:rtisi]

8

inn [in] itinerary [aitinareri] lodge [lad3l long-distance call make a reservation reserve [riza:rv] scenery [si:nari] telephone directory valid [vrelid]

Leisure admission [aodmifan]

film [film]

amusement park

guided tour

attendance [atendans] concert [kansart] display [displei] exhibition [eksabifan] festival [festaval]

membership [membarfip] museum [mju:zi:am] performance [parf5:rmans] remains [rimeinz] souvenir [su:vaniar]

""rn )>

~

:z C'> C/)

::;· 10

ro

-o

"' "' "'rn rn rn

10

• :I:

"'n

7<"

"' ~

-I

0

rn

n

"" "'"' c.. => <0

8 Restaurants appetizer [repataizar] bill [bill cafeteria [krefatiaria] chef [fef] cuisine [kwizi:n]

recipe [n3sapi:] refreshments [rifrefmants] serving [sa:rviiJ] vegetarian [ved3atearian] voucher [vautfar]

franchise [frrentfaiz]

0 Products brand-new built-in convenient [kanvi:njant] cost-effective durable [djuarabl] enduring [indjuariiJ] fragile [frred3all fuel-efficient

lasting [lrestiiJ] permanent [pa:rmanant] portable [p5:rtabll reliable [rilaiabl] state-of-the-art transparent [trrenspearant] user-friendly waterproof (w5:tarpru:f]

(;) Customer service authorized [5:8aniizd] claim [kleim] compensation [kampanseifan] complaint [kampleint] customer service customized (kAstamaizd] description (diskripfan] expiration date guarantee [greranti:] inconvenience [inkanvi:njans]

instructions [instrA.kfanz] label [leibal] manual [mrenjual] patron [peitran] questionnaire [kwestfanear] recall [rik5:l] refund [rifA.nd] repair [ripear] setup [setAp] warranty [w5:ranti]

0 Weather forecast blizzard [blizard] climate [klaimit] drought [draut] flood [flAd] hail [heil] inclement [inklemant] overflow [6uvarflou] precipitation [prisi pateifan]

rainfall [rein£3:1] shower [Jauar] storm [st:>:rm] temperature [temparatfar) torrential [t:>:renfal] weather [weoar] weather forecast


HACKERS PRACTICE • • • • • • • • • • • • • Reading Practice Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question g iven .

01

Anti-Cough is a non-prescription, over-the-counter medicine used to treat colds, cold symptoms, and related complications. Specifically, Anti-Cough attacks fluid trapped in the lung sacs. To use this medicine, patients should take the appropriate dosage as listed on the side of the bottle 2-3 times daily ·until symptoms have disappeared. It is best to take this medicine thirty minutes after eating food. If you experience nausea, severe headaches, a rash outbreak, or itching in your throat or on your face, .discontinue use of this product immediately and seek medical assistance. I

Q . When should medicine takers stop taking Anti-Cough? (A) When they have a stomachache (B) When they develop rashes (C) When they feel dizzy

02

Fastlane Motors is calling in all of its 2008 Duroe models. The need to bring the cars back into the shop is due to a malfunction of the airbag on the passenger side of the car. When hit head-on, the car's airbag fails to deploy, leaving the passenger in great danger of head or facial injuries. There have been over twenty reported incidents of malfunction, enough to do a reassessment according to the National Car Association's guid~lines.

"'

m

)>

0

z Cl

Q. What is this information about? (A) A recall notice for an automobile (B) A user warning for a Duroe model (C) A recent accident report

03

In order to apply for a Sense MasterCard, you must first fill out the application form available online or at branches near you. You will need a driver's license, social security number, and checking account information in order to complete the application. Once you have sent that in, our processing department will respond with a letter of acceptance and your new MasterCard will arrive within ten days of acceptance.

• ..... 0

Q. What is NOT required to get a credit card?

m

n

(A) Personal identification (B) Bank account number (C) Proof of residence

"' "'

"'a. :::> <0

Answers: p. 559

HA C K E RS

T ES T


Questions 01-02 refer to the following information .

F.LAT PANEJ. JCREEN Thank you for purchasing a Glaremaster Flat Panel Monitor! We're sure you'll be very satisfied with our products . Working on the computer all day can take its toll on your eyes. The Glaremaster screen filter helps relieve eyestrain by eliminating 99.9 percent of the glare coming from your computer monitor. And it does so without chang ing colors or brightness . The image is always true , never distorted . Your flat panel monitor offers other advantages over older computer monitors . The Glaremaster takes 20 percent less power to run than other commercial brands and em its significantly less radiation and emissions than competing brands . It is also spaceefficient , as its small size requires less desk area to hold it. However, this doesn 't mean it lacks in viewing area, as its LCD monitor is larger than all other monitors of its caliber. On the back of the monitor are the connections with which to plug your new screen into the computer. Be sure to use the appropriate connector and to insert it into the portal marked with a circle . Remember to never touch the screen with water or any other fluid , as it may distort the picture . If you experience any difficulties , contact one of our technical support staff at the number listed below.

01 Where would this information most likely be found?

02 What is NOT mentioned as an advantage of the flat panel monitor?

(A) In a consumer magazine review

(A) It does not use as much electricity.

(B) In an electronics shop (C) On a product package (D) In a newspaper advertisement

(B) It causes less eye fati gue. (C) It includes a larger display. (D) It has more connections than other monitors.


www.nhantriviet.com


j\ \f i\ I I. i\ II I. 1: I, i\ II I( I ·~ Ci Due to an increase in the number of people needing vehicle parking during business hours, the building's private lot has been renovated for public use. The underground parking area now has four levels (A, B, C, and D) open to both workers of this building and the general public. Each level can accommodate up to fifty cars, while parking on level B is limited to those who have a monthly concession card, which costs $100. Concession cards are available only for employees working in this building. Full fare: Up to an hour: $2.00 Each additional 30 minutes: $1.00 A day in business hours: $25 A week in business days: $120 A month: $450

Concession: Up to an hour: $1.00 Each additional 30 minutes: $0.5 A day in business hours: $18 A week in business days: $80 A month: $300

""m )>

0

z

"' Please note that all customers must take a ticket upon entering the facility. If the parking receipt is not visibly attached to the windshield of the vehicle, the vehicle will be charged double the rate of the fee. If you are a concession holder, you must attach the concession sticker on the window. If a vehicle parked in the reserved area does not show the certificate properly, it will be regarded as unauthorized parking and will be towed away at the owner's expense. For information or more details, contact your department supervisor.

~~--------------------~~ 03 How much do visitors have to pay to park for

05 What will happen to a car parked without a

one day?

permit in the reserved area?

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(A) The owner will be charged a fine. (B) The car will be transferred to a different level. (C) The owner will be charged twice the original rate . (D) The vehicle will be removed from the parking spot.

$1 .00 $2.00 $18.00 $25.00

04 Which level is reserved for concession card holders? (A) (B) (C) (D)

A B C D Answers: p. 559

• --< 0

m

,...,

""

n>

"' a. ::l

<0

In Part 7, reading passages may be in the form of written materials wh ich cons ist of disconnected words and I or numbers instead of that of standard paragraph style and may not employ comp lete sentences . These materials include invo ices , resumes , schedules , telephone messages , coupons, etc . Non-prose read ings are so common that three of them may be given in Part 7 of eac h TOEI C test.

Typical Questions and Useful Tips Typical Questions What is the purpose of this document? What is being requested in the message? What is NOT true about the coupon? How many folders were ordered? Useful Tips You should familiarize yourself with the format of each type of non-prose readings . Invoices are bills buyers receive after paying for a purchase. The invoice shows the items which have recently been bought, the total amount of money paid, the method of payment, etc. For a resume , you should note that personal experiences are often listed in the reverse time order , that is, the most recent experience is listed first, then come the previous experiences. For a telephone message, three persons involved are often found: caller (From: ... ), hearer (Taken by: .. .), message receiver (To: .. .). These three items easily cause confusion for examinees. You , therefore , should pay special attention to the details of this kind.

Product Description 20 piece Bic pens A4 co mputer paper

Quantity 5 20

• $3.50 $2 .35 Sub-Total Sales Tax Total Balance Due

$17.50 $47.00 $64.50 $6.50 $71 .00

~

Sender

J

Payer

J

Product & Price

Amount paid

J

Person paid

Q: Who has to pay for the offi ce supplies? A: The Madison Law Firm 420 - Hackers TOEIC Reading

www .n h antrivi et.com

Common Vocabulary in Non-Prose Readings 0 Schedule agenda [ed3ende] call off cancellation [krensaleifan] conference [kanfarens] convention [kenvenfan] enroll [inr6ul] make arrangements meeting [mi:tiiJ]

notification [noutefekeif
8 Events annual [renjual] association [esousieifan] attendance [etendens] auditorium [3:dit5:riem] banquet [bffiiJkwit] charity [tfrereti] committee [kemiti] contribute [kentribju:t] donate [d6uneit] exhibit [igzibit] foundation [faundeifan]

fundraising [f.AndreiziiJ] invitation [inviteifan] keynote address nominate [nameneit] participant [pa:rtisepent] preside over a meeting representative [reprizentetiv] session [sefan] turnout [ta:rnaut] voluntary [valenteri]

~

z

Cl

en

::;· <0

(i)

-c

"'"' "'"' "'"'

<0

@ Social matters

arbitration [a :rbitn§ifan] boycott [b5ikat] commit [kemit] controversial [kantreva:rfel] copyright [kapirait] counterfeit [kaunterfit] custody [kAstedi] detention [ditenfan] forfeit [f5:rfit] forgery [f5:rdjeri] fraud [fro:d] illegal [ilf:gel] indict [indait]

,m )>

infringement [infrind3ment] litigation [litegeifan] obliged [eblaid3dl ordinance [S:rdanens] patent [pretnt] plaintiff [pleintif] press conference prosecutor [prasikju:ter] provision [previ3en] punishment [p.Anifment] settlement [setlment] strike [straik] violation [vaieleifan]

• .

:I:

n

><"

"'

--<

0

m

,n

.."'

a.

::>

"'

8

Debate accommodate [akamadeit] approve [apni:v] argument [6:rgjumant] assert [asa:rt] brainstorming [breinst~:rmiiJ] briefing [bri:fiiJ] clash [klrefl concede [kansi:d] consent [kansent] deadlock [dedlakl debate [dibeit] disapprove [disapru:v]

~

discuss [diskA.s] negotiate [nig6ufieit] object to opposition [opazifan] persuade [parsweid] presentation [pri:zanteifan] proponent [prap6unant] proposal [prap6uzal] refuse [rifju:z] unanimous [ju:nffinamas] withstand [wiestrend]

Telephoning answer the phone contact [kantffikt] disconnect [diskanekt] extension [ikstenfan] give a call hang up

leave a message pick up the phone return one's call take a message voicemail [voismeil]

G) Broadcast & Publishing

archive [6:rkaiv] authorship [5:9arfip] biography [bai6grafi] biweekly [baiwi:kli] broadcast [br5:dkrest] censorship [sensarfip] commercial [kama:rfal] coverage [kAvarid3l edition [idifan] exclusive [iksklu:siv]

issue [ifu:] newsletter [nju:zletar] periodical [piariadikal] press [pres] publication [p.Ablakeifan] quarterly [kwo:rtarli] release [rili:s] satellite [sffitalait] subscription [sabskripfan]

& Private life apologize [ap6lad3aizl apparel [apffiral] appreciate [apri:jieit] attire [ataiar] complimentary [kamplamentari] dietary [daiateril disappointed [disap5intid] 422 - Hackers TOEIC Reading

favorable [feivarabl] household [haushbuld] personal belongings preferable [prefarabl] reluctant [rilA.ktant] utility [ju:tilati] www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE • • • • • • • • • • • • • Reading Practice Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question given .

01

Q . Who will give a lecture on the extent of insurance protection?

(A) James Gimbel (B) Michael Shapiro (C) Ted Lee

02

TELEPHONE MESSAGE · TO: Ms. Garner

DATE:

~f>ril

TIME: 9:45 a.m.

16

""m

MESSAGE: James Dean from the !Department of Tax and Revenue has been trying to get in touch with you for the past two weeks. He needs to speak with you regarding the business tax report filed last year. The matter is of some urgency, so he expects you to return his call promptly.

> 0

:z

"'

TAKEN BY: Sherry Hill, Accountind ,;,. __•... -.

.j

Q . What was the reason for the phone call?

(A) Need for an urgent lunch meeting (B) Missing tax reports that need to be filed (C) Concerns over an old report

03

·:-······ ... ,,

.·

-

, . I

.

.

:

..

What kind of wate~ filter you choose will depend on the contaminations . specific to your home and environment. Eac·h 'fflter is designed to address certain toxicity problems, but no one filter can perform all possible functions : . - - - - - ----- -· ., ---- -----------------BRAND PERFORMANCE : DURATION COST RATING/COMMENT

!

Aquitania 80% chlorine removed 6 months

$69

Wellers

80% chlorine removed 4 months Dual, high flow system

Paradise

50% chlorine removed 3.5 months $59

$249

::J:

"'n ""' ~

AAAA

-i

0

(Product shipped fully plumbed)

m

n

AAAA

"'""

(Water pressure can be reduced)

"'c. "' ::0

AAA (Customers preferred model for 2006, 2007)

Q. What product is best for adjusting the force of the water?

(A) Aquitania (B) Wellers (C) Paradise Answers: p. 559 www nh;mtrivif't

com

Chapter 12 Non-Prose Readin s - 423

HA CK ERS

T ES T


Questions 01-03 refer to the following document.

Silicon Computer Supplies 750 Melrose Avenue, San Francisco, CA

Any damage to goods in transit, or shortages, must be notified to the carriers immediately and to the company within 24 hours of receipt in writing by e-mail or fax. Refunds and/or product replacements, as guaranteed in our warranty, will be sent within one week of notification . Questions or complaints may also be posted online at www.scs.org, or made by phone at 1-800-555-SILI.

01 Why was th is document written ? (A) (B) (C) (D)

02

To apologize for sending damaged goods To explain the shipping options available To notify a customer of price changes To provide an invoice for products delivered

03 How much is one box of 3.5' disks? (A) (B) (C) (D)

$3.92 $4.02 $4.85 $40.20

What is NOT mentioned as a way to report delivery problems?

(A) Send a memo by fax (B) Visit the company's headquarters (C) Speak to a customer representative (D) Write an e-mail


www.nhantriviet.com

Questions 04-05 refer to the following coupon .

04 What is suggested about Evigans Family Restaurant? (A) (B) (C) (D)

It It It It

is open every day. has a large dinner menu . has more than one location. is not expensive.

05 What is NOT offered for free? (A) (B) (C) (D)

m "' )>

Apple pie Ice cream Cheesecake Soft drinks

0

z C\

en

5' co

co

;;;

en

&l

co en

"'

• .... 0

m

n

."'"'

c.

"'

"'

Answers :

p. 559

426

www.nhantriviet.com

Section 3

Double Passages Chapter 13- E-mail/Letter-Related Readings Chapter 14 - Advertisement-Related Readings Chapter 15 - Announcement-Related Readings Chapter 16 - Article-Related Readings Chapter 17 - Non-Prose-Related Readings

4)7

In Part 7, there are also four sets of two related passages which are called double passages . For e-mail I letter-related read ings , the fi rst is an e- mail or a letter; the second is poss ibly another e-mai l I letter or an invoice, announcement, etc. wh ich is related or responds in some way to the first one.

Typical Passages and Useful Tips Typical Passages E-mail & E-mail:

An e-mail requests for a change in a meeting schedule and an e-mail responds to that request.

E-mai l & Order:

An e-mail from a customer is sent to a household appliance company and an order lists the items wanted . E-mail & Announcement: An e-mail invites somebody to a conference and an announcement states the date, venue, events, and speakers. Letter & E-mail: A letter sent from a company introduces a promotion or a job offer and an e-mail accepts it.

Useful Tips Step 1: Identify the key words in the questions to decide which reading you should first refer to . For double passages which include e-mails and / or letters, the sender's and recipient 's names and the verbs in the questions are usually the key words . You can, then , look at the parts From: ... and To: .. . to quickly read the corresponding reading. Step 2: Look for the first hint related to the key words in either of the readings, then look for the second hint in the other one and use them both in order to choose the correct answers .

Read in g 2 : E-mail

Q : For what amount does Ms. Blanca want to be refunded? 428 - Hackers TOEIC Reading

A: $1 ,879.99 www.nhantriviet.com


•••••••• •••

Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question given.

01

Dear Ms. Kimmel ,

02

We at O'Brien Kitchen Supplies received your recent order (#skim338531) for the following items:

...

.

Product number

: :

• • ·• •

.

........

-

• •

...

•

•

• •• • I

I

I I I

Your credit card will be charged for the purchase, and your order will be sh ipped within three business days. If you have any questions , please contact us by e-mail at [email protected]. ' To: : From: Sara Kimmel Subject: Order #skim338531

· 1 am writing in reference to my recent order (#skim338531). The order is correct and complete, but I was wondering if I could make some changes. I originally ordered 8 of item #B-820, but would like to : increase that number to 12.

f

-4

01 What is the main purpose of the letter? (A) To promote new products (B) To confirm order details (C) To notify a customer of unavailable items

02 What item does Ms. Kimmel want to order

"' >

more of?

0

z

(A) Spoons (B) Soup bowls (C) Dinner plates

C\ Cl 0

c:

0'

ro ~

03

en en

"'en "'

(C

04

• --i

0

m

n

"'<1> "' "' Cl.

:::1

03 What is the day of the event which Ms.

04 What is true about the events listed in the

Chen recommends to Mr. Chamroom?

schedule?

(A) June 9 (B) June 10 (C) June 11

(A) Their times have changed. (B) They are hosted once a year. (C) They will be held at a hotel.

Answers: p. 559

HA C K E R S

T EST


Questions 01-05 refer to the following e-mails .

. =From:

Angela Lansbury

I

To:

Andy Griffith

J J

Subject: Change of flights

I finally managed to find some seats for the flight to Dubai to attend the manufacturing technology convention. Persia Air is fully booked; however, there are three other options you can choose from. Arabia Air has the 20 seats we requested, but they are all economy seats. I know you wanted to book 6 business class seats for the senior management. The flight leaves on Friday, April 9 and arrives on Saturday. So, you have a day and a half free before the convention begins on Monday. The second option is Middle Eastern Airlines. They can provide us with 6 business class seats and 14 in economy class. They are cheaper than Arabia Air, but the problem is that there is no direct flight. We will have a 6-hour stopover in Amsterdam, but the flight arrives on Saturday night. The last option is Aladdin Airways. The prices are less expensive than the other two, and they can accommodate all our seat requirements. However, the flight arrives at 4 a.m. on Sunday, so that doesn 't give people much time to rest and prepare for the convention. Anyway, please contact me right away because tickets are selling fast, so they need to be booked as soon as possible.

From: Andy Griffith To: Angela Lansbury < [email protected]>

Subject: Flights Thanks for your e-mail. I know it is not easy to find f lights with the convention only two weeks away. The executives will want business class seats, so we should book our flights with the airline that arrives on Saturday night. I think we will all need our rest after such a long trip, and they can provide the seats we need for a reasonable price. Go ahead and book those tickets, and send me an itinerary when it is done. Also, please make sure to request seats near the exit or window for everyone's comfort. Thanks a lot!


www.nhantriviet.com

01 Why is Ms. Lansbury contacting Mr. Griffith? (A) (B) (C) (D)

To To To To

provide flight information make hotel reservations confirm convention attendance request personal information

02 What is indicated about Aladdin Airways? (A) (B) (C) (D)

It It It It

arrives on Saturday. is the least expensive . has no business class seats available. does not provide direct routes to Dubai.

04 What airline does Mr. Griffith choose? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Persia Air Middle Eastern Airlines Aladdin Airways Arabia Air

05 What is Mr. Griffith concerned about? (A) Finding a hotel with available rooms (B) Arranging transportation to the convention center (C) Arriving on time for the event (D) Making sure the travelers are comfortable

03 What is indicated in the second e-mail? (A) (B) (C) (D)

An itinerary has been sent. The flight is very long. The convention lasts for two weeks. A discount will be offered .

"' > 0

:z C\ D

0

c: cr

en

gren

"'en

(C

CD

•

Questions 06-10 refer to the following e-mails.

To: John Walton From: Mary Allen, Mountain Promotions Date: May 4 Subject: Meeting Dear Mr. Walton, 1 know we have a meeting scheduled for Friday, May 7 to discuss your advertising plans, but I am afraid I will have to postpone the appointment. My team is currently working on a promotional campaign for Archetype Corp., and they want us to make a short presentation at that time. Could we meet on Monday, May 10 instead? I am looking forward to meeting with you and going through some ideas for advertising your product. Also, if you could send me some details about what type of advertising campaign you are interested in, I could come up with a few ideas before we meet.

I apologize for this delay and hope to hear from you soon. Sincerely, Mary Allen


www.nhantriviet.com

06 Why did Ms. Allen write the e-mail? (A) To arrange a presentation (B) To reschedule a meeting (C) To make changes to an advertising campaign (D) To request a price list

09 What did Mr. Walton send with his e-mail? (A) (B) (C) (D)

A copy of a contract Contact information Details about a product promotion A sales report

10 What does Mr. Walton ask Ms. Allen to do?

07 According to the first e-mail , what will Ms . Allen do on Fri day? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Make a presentation Meet with her director Attend a seminar Travel out of town

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Send him a document Telephone him Cancel his appointment Meet at his office

08 When is Mr. Walton 's medical appointment? (A) (B) (C) (D)

May May May May

9 10 11 12

"'m )>

0

z C\

• :r

"'n .,"'" "' --<

0

m

n

.,"'

"' a. :::0

"'

Answers: p. 559

www.nhantriviPt rnm

For advertisement-related readings , the first is an advertisement on a product/service/event or a job advertisement; the second is possibly a non-prose reading , an article , an e-mail or a letter which asks for more information about the advertised thing , or an e-mail or a letter applying for the job .

Typical Passages and Useful Tips Typical Passages Advertisement & Non-Prose An advertisement advertises a product and a leaflet gives instructions Reading : on how to use the product. Advertisement &Article: An advertisement advertises a product and an article comments on the product. Advertisement & E-mail: An advertisement mentions an upcoming event and an e-mail requests necessary materials for participants. An advertisement mentions a job/position vacancy and an e-mail applies for it.

Useful Tips Step 1: Identify the key words in the questions to decide which reading you should first refer to . Step 2: Look for the first hint related to the key words in either of the read ings , then look for the second hint in the other one and use them both in order to choose the correct answers .

Q: What will Ms. Nicastro probably receive for free if she rents the hall?


A: A stay at the hotel

www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRAC TI CE Reading Practice

••••••••••••


01

02

lnterlingua Electronic Dictionary

- 20 different world languages! - A list of common phrases for world travelers!

- A database of more than half a million words! - An audio function to listen to pronunciation!

lnterlingua electronic dictionaries are the number one seller on the market. Our newest model retails for $129.99 and can be purchased at most electronics stores and travel shops. For further information, visit our website at www.interlingua.net. . OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS: lnterlingua Electronic Dictionary (ModeiiED45, IED47, IED63, IED69)

, 1. • 2. . 3. • 4.

Plug the charger into your electronic dictionary. Let the battery charge until the green light comes on. Press "select" to choose the language you wish to translate . Type in the word or phrase you wish to translate, and then press "enter" . For a pronunciation guide, press ."select" and use the arrow keys to choose "pronunciation". •only for IED69: For audio pronunciation, scroll down and select "audio". . . i

01 Where can the electronic dictionaries be purchased?

advertised?

(A) At a website (B) At bookstores (C) At travel shops

(A) IED45 (B) IED63 (C) IED69

03 04

02 What model number is most likely being

GRAPHICS ARTIST WANTED: Harlequin Advertising

Harlequin Advertising is seeking an experienced graphics artist. Applicants must have a minimum of three years of experience in graphics design and an applicable university degree. A strong knowledge of the French language is also desirable. Duties will include development of print advertisements for Harlequin's clients. Only candidates chosen for interviews will be contacted . To apply for the position, please send your resume, cover letter and list of references to Arlene Sorkin at [email protected] .

•

To: Arlene Sorkin From: Pam Isley Subject: Graphics artist position Dear Ms. Sorkin, I am writing in response to your company's advertisement for a graphics artist. I am currently working as a graphics artist for Thurman Publishing, a position I have held for the past four years. I also have excellent computer skills and work well with a team. I am forwarding you a copy of my resume and the . other documents you requested. I do hope to hear from you soon.

03 What does Harlequin Advertising NOT ask

04 According to the e-mail, which qualification

applicants to send?

for the job does Ms. Isley meet?

(A) A resume (B) A diploma (C) A reference list

(A) Fluency in French (B) A relevant university degree (C) Experience in graphics design Answers : p. 559

www.nhantriviet.com

Chapter 14 Advertisement-Related Readings- 435

H A C K E RS

T ES T



Royal Indian Cruise Lines Recruitment Fair March 11, 9:00 a.m.-6:30 p.m. Raj Hotel and Resort, Bengali Hall Royal Indian Cruise Lines recently added three new ships to its fleet. We will be hosting a recruitment fair to fill job openings created by this expansion. Our managers and directors will be conducting on-site interviews for the following positions in our restaurant and food preparation department:

-wait staff - event planners -head chefs - assistant chefs - kitchen staff Royal Indian Cruise Lines offers all employees full medical coverage, competitive salaries, paid vacations and generous biannual bonuses. Applicants wishing serious consideration are requested to send us an application package including a resume, cover letter, current employment status and a medical history report. Please send these documents to our main office in Mumbai by February 21 .

Royal Indian Cruise Lines Personnel Department 153 Besant Road Shiva Building, Mumbai 400-018 *Faxes or e-mails will not be accepted.

To: Indira Kurian From: Sanjeev Rao Subject: Recruitment Fair Date: February 18 we received the application package you sent us, but unfortunately it is incomplete. We received your resume, cover letter and current employment status. We will require the additional documents before we can register you for our recruitment fair and schedule an interview for you. Please send us this information as soon as possible. Once we have received it, we will send you an e-mail with a list of available times for interviews. I have attached a list of specific jobs with this e-mail for you to go through and select which positions you might be interested in. Thank you for your interest in Royal Indian Cruise Lines.


www.nhantriviet.com

01 What is being advertised? (A) (B) (C) (D)

A A A A

recruitment event cruise line travel agency restaurant

02 What is NOT mentioned about Royal Indian Cruise Lines? (A) (B) (C) (D)

It It It It

is based in Mumbai. is hiring new managers. recently expanded its fleet. offers a bonus package.

04 What is Ms. Kurian asked to provide? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Medical information Insurance papers An identification card A telephone number

05 Why did Mr. Rao attach a list of available jobs? (A) (B) (C) (D)

To To To To

assist Ms. Kurian in arranging her trip help Ms. Kurian select jobs to apply for inform Ms. Kurian of pay rates review Ms. Kurian's interview schedule

03 In the advertisement, the word "consideration" in paragraph 2, line 2 is closest in meaning to (A) (B) (C) (D)

sensitivity mention notation attention

""m )>

0

z 1:' Cl 0 <::

c:r iD

~

en en co en

"'

"'

•• -< 0

m ,.., "" "'"'a. "" :::0

Questions 06-10 refer to the following advertisement and memo.

Buddha's Bungalow 45 Sunset Drive, NW

Located in the historic and quiet residential area of Sunnydale, Buddha's Bungalow has the comforts of home, close to home. Relax while experiencing the remarkable service, fine dining, and fresh tastes of Asia. We use only the highest quality organic ingredients, along with flavors and spices imported from the East, to ensure you a taste extravaganza you'll never forget. We're taking things a step further with our new Daily Deals Lunch Specials! Pop in for Monday Madness where we offer a delectable selection of appetizers for only $9.99. On Tasty Tuesday, our head chef whips up a culinary masterpiece of his own invention, and it's bound to be superb. Mouth-Watering Wednesday leaves you licking your lips because every dish comes with a fresh fruit shake! Order any entree off our menu on Terrific Thursday for 60 percent ofi the regular price! Drop by on Fantastic Friday and finish your meal with a complimentary dessert. Don't miss out on a chance to awaken your taste buds. Hurry to Buddha's Bungalow today! "Buddha's Bungalow ofiers the most abundant lunch specials in town. Choose from a selection of sizzling curries and tempting noodle dishes, all served with a generous bowl of rice, a variety of appetizers and your choice of authentic teas. You are guaranteed to leave full." Amber Jasperson, Food Critic "Filled with authentic smells, cushions, wall ornaments and trinkets from Southeast Asia, walking into Buddha's Bungalow is like being whisked away to Thailand." Carrie Dwight, Food Choice Writer

r

,~ '. · __

, _ _:~:~~~q;;~~J--._::.~:;~-t~-:~-~~r--~--;._;~,,>:~< '~

.

from: Sorapm;g ,Ch~tree;> Manager To: All Staff . ·. · Due to the'introduction of our new Daily Deals Lunch Specials promotion, the restaurant ~ill need hyoex~i:~ vvaiters during our hours of lunch service. We willalso ·need four extra kitchen staffbn:. tl~~ 'day we offer discounted entree, as it :will be particularly crowded. Jhose of you ;i9rk.ing~. the afternoon and night shifts are .'welcome to si"gn up for extra hours during thelu11clj shift from 12 p.m. to 2 p.m. Any extra help will be appreciated. flease sign fo;: ~~ti;~ hours by Friday so we can set the s,c hedule for next week. -~-

tip

.

,• ·_-:>::':.':;:~.:.-~_;.:~:.(-·:; ;·_;/;-·.;_;: :., ' /: '

.

-->,-_ 'l;

'

_; ' _.-

.

f-lso remei."I;be.~· , ~11~\i:~~;'.~f7..atso offering an end-of-mop!h bonus to all of those who help ~ut during thi~.·Pfgl11?t~on>Thanks for your help, and feel free to drop by my office any time and let n~e k~owif and when you are available. . L-. ~ ,i.,-f.--\~_;~ -.:-;~-·~,~.~~:;~"; ~~~ikt~- _.,_ "· ~ '---i'~+~v:.:,;~,i~~t~ID~'1('{.<~i_.::..~r.-...:.:~·=~·: .:-__ '" t~~~~'~.;;·.: :<;~,~':\;{it~ld --~·: ::~·:..~,:.~fk~~·~>:c:~.-~~'*-,;.,;:::.i~ _L:, • ::'.~ :L;r~.--· -...:. ,_,_ ~-.:....;-~:-~--1

06 What is emphasized about the food in the

line 6 is closest in meaning to

restaurant? (A) (B) (C) (D)

It It It It

is is is is

made made made made

hot and spicy. in Thailand and flown in . by Asians . from naturally grown ingredients.

07 What does the critic say about the restaurant? (A) (B) (C) (D)

09 In the memo, the word "set" in paragraph 1,

The decor imitates the Indian environment. Its menu is priced reasonably. They offer a wide variety of lunch items. The location is convenient.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

solidify establish gather put

10 On what day does the restaurant require four extra kitchen staff? (A) (B) (C) (D)

On On On On

Monday Tuesday Thursday Friday

08 What is the purpose of the memo? (A) (B) (C) (D)

To To To To

describe the new lunch menu ask for additional help during lunch hours inform employees of new operating hours announce a new work schedule

.,., "" > 0

z C1

CJ 0

c:

CT

Cb -u

"'"' "'"' "'"'

IC

• --<

0 .,.,

,..,

"'"'"" "

Q.

IC

Answers: p. 559

For announcement-related readings, the first is an announcement ; the second is possibly an article , a non-prose reading , or an e-mail. Mostly, an e-mail responds to the announcement.

Typical Passages and Useful Tips Typical Passages ·Announcement & Non-Prose Reading

An announcement is about a seminar and a form is sent in for participation .

Announcement & E-mail : An announcement is about a workshop which is going to be held and an e-mail requests for detailed information on the workshop. An announcement is about a journey itinerary and costs and an e-mail mentions some change in joining the journey.

Useful Tips Step 1: Identify the key words in the questions to decide which reading you should first refer to. Step 2: Look for the first hint related to the key words in either of the readings , then look for the second hint in the other one and use them both in order to choose the correct answers.

Reading 2:

E-mail

To: Soundbyte Magazine From : Natalie Bowers Subject: Advertisement submission I'd like to place a Category A advertisement in your publication: For Sale: T4 -A high -performance loudspeakers. Compact design and professional sound q,uality. Only owned for 6 months. Good as new. $1,600 or negotiable. Please send the billing statement for the advertisement to 283 Moa St, Pt. Chevalier, Auckland . Thank you .

Q: How much will Natalie's advertisement cost?


A: $5

www.nhantriviet.com

••••• •••••

HACKERS PRACT ICE Reading Practice

Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question given.

01 02

SUPPORTTHECAROUNABALLETCOMPANY The Carolina Ballet Company has been entertaining local citizens with two annual dance productions for the past 20 years. By supporting the Carolina Ballet Company, you will help us to continue offering our city's memorable dance productions.

Our supporters also receive benefits with their sponsorships: . Patron ($400-$599) Free tickets (for two people) to both annual performances and reserved seating. Benefactor ($600 or more) Free tickets (for up to three people) to both annual performances, private box seats and a commemorative CD of both productions. I

THE CAROLINA BALLET COMPANY SPONSORSHIP FORM Thank you for your generosity and kind support for the Carolina Ballet Company. Name: Mary Martin Tel. : 555-9382 Mob. : 003 555-7898 Address : 1485 Neverland Lane, Ra leigh, NC Please select which type of sponsorship you are interested in . U Patron D Benefactor Cash D Personal check Total amount of your donation: $490 Method of payment: D Credit card

ti

01 How many performances does the Carolina

02 What benefit will Ms. Martin receive?

Ballet Company do each year? (A) One (B) Two (C) Three

03 04

"'m )>

0

(A) A CD of productions (B) Reserved seating (C) A costume for the Ball

:z Cl

Evergreen University China Tour The history department will be sponsoring a study trip to China this year. Students can enroll for course and receive university credit. The courses are as follows:

COURSE DATE Post-revolutionary China - - - - - july 20-to August? ___ · . History of the:Tang Dynasty .-Modern Chinese Archaeology_,,

August 3 to 14 July J5.to AugusL14

1

CHARGE

$soo_____ ----------$300 -$800

-

._

,

Please contact Rosalind Chao at rochao@evergreen .net for further information or to register.

• :r

"',.,,... "'

To: Rosalind Chao From: Colm Meaney Subject: China Tour Courses

~

--< 0

m

n

Last week I came by your office and signed up for the tour to China. However, I was wondering if I could make a change to my course registration. I would like to take Modern Chinese Archaeology instead of the class that begins on August 3. Could you please let me know if this is possible? Thanks for your time.

03 What is the purpose of the announcement? (A) To provide information on a tour (B) To schedule summer courses (C) To request registration fees

04 For which course did Calm Meaney enroll? (A) Post-revolutionary China (B) History of the Tang Dynasty (C) Modern Chinese Archaeology Answers:

p. 559

"' "'"'a. "'"

HA C K E R S

T ES

T


Questions 01-05 refer to the following announcement and e-mail.

North African Congress of Public Utilities Development Urban Planning Presentations and Workshops: April 6-1o Several presentations and workshops will be conducted during the congress. These activities are geared toward city planners, and topics will include sanitation technology, env ironmental advances, park development and water safety. The presentations will be conducted by urban plann ing professionals from all over the globe. The goal is to help city planners renew their knowledge of urban development.

LOCATION:

The presentations and workshops will be held at the Ramesseum Hotel in Cairo, only five minutes from the convention center where the congress will be held . The hotel has also agreed to offer a discounted rate on accommodation to those attending these events. CANCELLATIONS:

A fee of $5o will be charged to those cancelling by April 3. Those cancelling after this date will not be reimbursed for their admission fees. Cancellations must be made in writing.

FEES:

The cost is $3oo for full admission to all presentations and workshops . The fee includes lunch at the hotel.

To: [email protected] From: [email protected] Subject: Hotel reservation

I am planning on attending the urban planning presentations and workshops at your hotel during the North African Congress of Public Utilities Development. I would like to stay at your hotel for a total of four nights from April 6-10. The announcement for the events at your facilities stated that your hotel has a special offer for attendees to the workshops and presentations. Could you please send me the details of your offer? Thanks for your time. Harvey Dent


www.nhantriviet.com

01 According to the announcement, who are the workshops and presentations for? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Sanitation engineers City planners Environmentalists Hotel employees

04 What can be inferred about the presentations? (A) They will be held at the convention center. (B) Presenters are from several different countries. (C) They are free of charge to congress attendees. (D) Advance registration is required.

02 In the announcement, the word "renew" in paragraph 1, line 4 is closest in meaning to (A) (B) (C) (D)

exchange apply renovate update

05 What does Mr. Dent request? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Shuttle schedules from the airport Information on discounted room rates Complimentary meal vouchers Hotel restaurant discounts

03 What is NOT mentioned as a cancellation policy?

"" ~

)>

(A) Refunds will be given three days after the event. (B) Those who cancel by April 3 will be charged a fee. (C) Admission fees are not refunded for cancellations after April 3. (D) Only written cancellations are accepted.

0

:z C\

0

0

c:

CT

(i)

~

en en co CD en

"'

I -< 0

~

,...,

.."""'

a.

"

www.nhantriviet.com

Chapter 15 Announcement-Related Readings- 443

Questions 06-10 refer to the following announcement and membership form .

Metropolitan Museum of Arts and Sciences (MMAS) A Presentation by Mustafa Khalil Date and time: February 28, 4:00 p.m. Location: MMAS event hall The Metropolitan Museum of Arts and Sciences (MMAS) is pleased to present a lecture by Mustafa Khalil, famed Libyan film director. Mr. Khalil will be speaking about the new generation of Middle Eastem filmmakers. Following the speech, the newest film by Mr. Khalil Children of the Sand will be shown. Mr. Khalil is an expert in Middle Eastern film and has made more than twenty movies in his forty-year career as a director. His film Women at the Well won several international awards. In addition, Mr. Khalil also spends much of his time offering advice to new up-and-coming directors. Following the film, a reception will be held in the museum's gardens at 7:30 p.m. Guests will have a chance to meet Mr. Khalil as well as several other young film directors from the Middle East. Reservations for the reception are required. If you would like to reserve a seat, please contact our public relations manager. Tickets for this event are $12 for guests and $10 for students. Those wishing to become members can fill in the enclosed form .

Metropolitan Museum of Arts and Sciences (MMAS) MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION Benefits of Metropolitan Museum Membership: - Free admission to all events at the museum -Free admission to the museum for one year - Subscription to Modern Film Magazine - Tickets for annual Grand Ball event Membership fees are $120 for individuals and $200 for families. Please fill in the following information and return it, along with your payment to our public relations office. Name: Address: Family members: Phone number: E-mail: Type of membership requested: Method of payment: *All members wishing to make reservations for particular events can call our public relations manager Mark Lee at 555-4323.


www.nhantriviet.com

06 What is be ing advertised in the announcement? (A) (B) (C) (D)

A movie A talk A tour An exhibition

07 Who is Mustafa Khalil? (A) (B) (C) (D)

An actor An artist A filmmaker A museum curator

08 What does a single membersh ip for the museum cost? (A) (B) (C) (D)

09 What is being indicated about the event on February 28? (A) Admission is free for those with memberships. (B) There is limited seating . (C) Tickets can be purchased at the door. (D) It is for museum staff only.

10 What should people do if they want to attend the reception? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Buy a ticket Visit the public relations office Call Mark Lee Fill in a form

$10 $12 $120 $200

"" ~

)>

0

z C>

Cl 0

c: r:::r

iD

rx

en

"' "'en

• Answers: p. 559

For article-related readings, the first is an article; the second is possibly another article , a nonprose read ing , letter, or an e-mail. Mostly, an e-mail responds to the article .

Typical Passages and Useful Tips Typical Passages Article &Article: An article reports a show recently held and an article introduces the products of a company having participated in the show. Article & NonProse Reading:

An article reports a promotion campaign of a business and a table shows details of this promotion campaign .

Article & Letter: An article gives comments on a book recently published and a letter written by the author shows his objection to the comments . Article & E-mail: An article introduces a new product and an e-mail shows the support of a customer.

Useful Tips Step 1: Identify the key words in the questions to decide which reading you should first refer to . Step 2: Look for the first hint related to the key words in either of the readings, then look for the second hi nt in the other one and use them both in order to choose the correct answers.

Q: Who will Darren Hayes most likely speak with?


A: Mike Douglas

www.nhantriviet.com


••••• • •••••

Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question given . 01

UTV Delays Premiere of Cosmos 3

02

The UTV network announced Monday that its newest science fiction series, Cosmos 3, will not be launched this fall as previously scheduled. The network gave no specific reasons for the delay, but did deny that it was caused by budgetary issues. However, Kyra Farrell, UTV spokesperson , did confirm that there was a recent cast change for the actress playing the lead female role. Sources close to the production claim that this is the primary reason for the delay. Industry insiders claim that the actress dropped out of the show following several disagreements with the director of the series, Gene Barry.

01 Who is the director of Cosmos 3?

02

Why was the premiere of Cosmos 3 delayed? (A) The show went overbudget. (B) Gene Barry was busy with another production. (C) Marina Mulgrew was replaced with Zoe Nichols .

(A) Kyra Farrell (B) Gene Barry (C) Zoe Nichols

Cl 0

c:

0'

ro

';? CJ) CJ)

03

"'

04

•

Top Selling Anti-Virus Software Numbers represent milions of users

3. - - - - - - - 2 1 0

7 Barton

8 Netrodent

9 V-Killer

•The listed software is ranked in order of sales.

03 Which software company was the first to

04 What is suggested about the Netrodent soft-

provide a free trial version?

ware program?

(A) V-Killer (B) Bugfix (C) AVAGE

(A) It is the highest selling anti-virus software. (B) It is only for sale as a full version program. (C) It provides free software updates.

Answers: p. 560

HA CK ERS

T EST


Questions 01-05 refer to the following article and e-mail.

Decrease in Amazon Deforestation Is no Reason for Celebration By Jan Grady

Recent government reports show that the rate of deforestation in the Amazon basin has decreased by nearly 20 percent since the 1970s. Officials say this is the lowest rate since 1991. But environmental critics say it is too soon for celebration. Most of the deforestation is due to construction of new towns, clearing land for soybean fields and creating grazing land for cattle. Dr. Sonya Braga from the ministry of the National Institute of Space Research (NISR) in Brazil says, "At the current rate of deforestation, the Amazon rainforest will be half its size in

just two decades." NISR conducts annual studies of the rainforest by examining pictures of the area taken by satellite. Since 1970, the Amazon rainforest has decreased in size by nearly 1 million square miles. Some scientists say that one square kilometer of rainforest may contain up to 150 thousand species of trees and plants, not to mention the vast array of animal life and insects. Although advances are being made in slowing down deforestation, more protective measures are necessary to guarantee the safety of this world treasure.

To: Jan Grady From: Greg Knight Subject: Deforestation article Dear Ms. Grady, Thank you for your article on the deforestation of the Amazon in Green Machine Magazine's May issue. I appreciate you informing the public on this serious problem . However, there were a few facts in your article that were incorrect. First, you mentioned that the size of the rainforest has decreased by

1

million square miles in

size since 1970. Actually, it decreased in size by 1 million square kilometers . Also, you wrote that one square kilometer of rainforest can contain up to 150 thousand species of plants and trees . Your number is correct, but this is ONLY for plants. There are also 75,000 species of trees .

I just thought you might want to know about these errors. But again I want to thank you for doing your part in conserving what is left of the Amazon rainforest, and agree with your opinion about the area. I look forward to reading your articles in next month's issue. Sincerely, Greg Knight Amazon Warrior Conservation Society


www.nhantriviet.com

01 What is NOT mentioned in the article as a

04 What can be inferred about Green Machine

reason for deforestation in the Amazon?

Magazine in the e-mail?

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Construction of towns The sale of lumber Creating grazing land Making soybean fields

02 According to Ms. Braga, how long will it take for the rainforest to decrease by 50 percent? (A) (B) (C) (D)

One year Ten years Fifteen years Twenty years

03 Why was the e-mail written? (A) (B) (C) (D)

To To To To

report errors in the article request a subscription submit an article ask for a donation

It It It It

is is is is

available for purchase in Brazil. published monthly. a free publication . a new magazine.

05 What would Greg Knight and Jan Grady probably agree on? (A) Government should increase the budget for the rainforest's safety. (B) Scientists need to pay more attention to the rainforest's ecosystem. (C) Farmers are to blame for deforestation of the rai nforest. (D) More needs to be done to conserve the rainforest.

""m )>

0

z G)

0 0

c:: cr ~

;.? en en

"'en

• ..... 0

m

n

"'w""

a_

:::0

"'


~;~ t,,: ,, ; {2~:.:;!;-·;~~·~,~:·/~t>.·'

...·

.

'

~:'f~~:~H-11J. ~~t[f~,~~-9~· nces Appointment of New Senior Vice President

~,1fj~~~\';~}!~S=\i-~r~~-~~~~h~ncial investment fim1, Unicorp. finally announced that Donald Branson will

..

~i_J~c!t~~W¥.?~~~~.\i'i!~J~r)';_i:c.rrcsidcnt of the Eurof~can branch. Th_c announ~e1~cnt comes after months ~:~ ;~~~p.;0~¥S!~~~,~~k)2.o}~l·d -~~kc over the pos1t1on after the rct1rcmcnt of R1chard Trump, who held

~·~i_£]~~~.9._: ~B;:f;:f~j~r1~;}}(rLr.~~-~n ~ears.

.

.

.

.

.

~~: ~~~~JEf>J~~l~!~;~~~?.~&.,?Jl.~as worked as a reg10na~. d1rcctor at Untcorp _fo~ the past five years. Fman-

~f~icJal'c~p~n~;.~~('f~ct~y:·~rcdlcted that Trump would tmd a replacement w1thm the company.

~i:JA;;(;{!·b~i~t:lb~[}}J~~~·: i~. London on Tuesday. Branson announc~d that he will also be organizing an ,,.. :').·· .. ,·:~:-,_ .·

·.-..,,_,,_~ ../!t(-':~-~--::.-.-f,;"'1'1'1,',•-t-:·cJ".<:~

..

~;l~-;e,,~~9!-~.¥!-n,~~.\!.~.¥J!l!-~~r.is.on Jan. 22. "It is both Mr. Trump's and my wish to make this transition go ~hQtninnW.lY,.~ PM.~~~l.;,:::hc said, adding that the meeting is intended for reassuring UniCorp investors ~·- ,nn: ~u.rop~ ! tl!.'l:~ Lhe 1 1S,.l!P ..to the task.

tJ.7;J~:·~~{i>~{~ f;:1~~~~~~1~~~~;~i~~}4;:_.,•-

',_ '

-

,ij;\ ·{Aithough~ mostJ analysts· agree that Branson 'll·:.;:-f'~-•"''-"'-:-·~-~---~-t!..-~_(.-.'.)_::iJ:'~\ro

....~f'-:)•rr-.

-·, . ·.. --

~>;;;icomrany.~hiire-s ;'rcveals ! that;this · is

.

;

a reasonable replacement, a recent 3 percent drop in -: not necessarily the case for everyone. IS

'·

~- .: ..::.:~~~~ \~.;~-~~;~!-'~~t;~i~~-::~r..,~~~:.f::j·...:_:,-.-:·\·~ ~:·: ,.,.t~~;;..,~,"'~·,_;.;.:.,.,;~·--;;~ ......._~---;; --·...;.,..1-; ..._-

; .

0

IW 12:1

To: Gary Greenspan , Investment Relations Manager From: Ivana Helmsley Date: January 17 Subject: Investors' meeting

Thank you for your message regarding the investors' meeting to be held next week on Jan . 22. I would like to confirm that I will be attending the meeting and would like to accept your kind offer of accommodation at the Printemps Hotel. As for our personal meeting, you mentioned that you are free for lunch on Jan . 21 . I suggest we meet at the hotel at 1 p.m. Our meeting shouldn 't take long, as I simply wanted to go through a few concerns I have about the recent drop in UniCorp stock value in Europe. Thank you for your time and consideration . Sincerely, Ivana Helmsley

>I


n _15;_

'iii

www.nhantriviet.com

06 What is the purpose of the article? (A) (B) (C) (D)

To report some financial statistics To announce a new executive To analyze reasons for profit losses To describe a company's recent expansion

09 Where will Ms. Helmsley meet Mr. Greenspan? (A) (B) (C) (D)

In In In In

New York Paris Los Angeles London

10 What is Ms. Helmsley concerned about?

07 What was the position of Mr. Branson prior to his promotion? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Investment manager Chief accountant Director of sales Regional director

(A) (B) (C) (D)

The company policies regarding investors The fluctuation of market shares The proposed company expansion The recent decrease in company stock value

08 Why did Ms. Helmsley write to Mr. Greenspan? (A) To confirm her attendance at a meeting (B) To make a restaurant reservation (C) To request information about a new employee (D) To arrange a consultation about investment in the company

m "' )>

a

z Cl

0

0

c: c::r ~

~

"'"' "'

Ill <0 CD

• -< 0

m

,...,

.,"' "' 0.

=>

""

Answers: p. 560

For non-prose-related readings, the first is in the form of a(n) list/ chart/ graph I schedule/ agenda/invoice/itinerary, etc .; the second is usually an e-mail, a letter, an article, etc .

Typical Passages and Useful Tips Typical Passages Non-Prose Reading & E-mail: A table of prices is given by a publisher and an e-mail orders some books. An invoice shows some items which have been delivered and an e-mail responds to the invoice. A web page points out customers' complaints and an e-mail shows the company apologies. Non-Prose Reading & Letter: A brochure publicizes a performance and a letter states the audience opinion.

Useful Tips Step 1: Identify the key words in the questions to decide which reading you should first refer to . Step 2: Look for the first hint related to the key words in either of the readings , then look for the second hint in the other one and use them both in order to choose the correct answers.

Reading 1: Agenda Blueprint Imaging Services, Ltd. Agenda for Meeting with Advanced Machinery Suppliers 9:00a.m. 9:30 a.m. 10:00 a.m . 10:40 a.m.

Ordering Quantity & Time Frame Helen Clark: Blueprint Imaging Customized Manufacturing Specifications Heather Hughes: Crayon Factory Supply Review of Advanced Machines Winston Peters: Anderson Technologies Post-purchase Maintenance and Servicing Steve Dunne: Silicon Machine Production

Reading 2: E-mail

0 : Whose presentation had the most impact on Ms. Clark's decision to order? A: Heather Hughes

452 - Hacke rs TOEIC Reading

www.nhantriviet.com


••••••••••••


01 02

Marion Coleman Art Museum Guides and City Guide Books

This is a partial list of our best-sellers. Visit our website for a complete list. Museum Guide Order No.

City Tour Guide Item

Price

Order No. Item Price 76534 New York $11 .99 : Seattle $12.99 1 73536 . . j __ 74031.,. ~- .tCh1cago L' $14.99.

"'m )>

0

;z Cl

Cl

01 What museum guide costs the same

02 How much was the shipping charge for Ms.

amount as a Seattle tour guide book?

Chang's order?

(A) Fine Art Museum for San Francisco (B) Metropolitan Museum of Art (C) The Art Institute of Chicago

(A) $6.50 (B) $10.50 (C) $11 .99

03

"' "'"' "'"'

co

••

An Evening of Old-Fashioned Mystery! By Archie Leach Powerhouse Theater Company's newest production of Joe Keller's famed mystery Nightmare at Midnight is a suspenseful treat! The direction is perfect and performances of all actors are perfectly timed. Especially worthy of praise is the actress playing Abigail, who steals the show with her humorous portrayal of a sweet old lady with a dark secret. Tickets can be purchased at the box office or by calling (250)555-9993.

03 What performer does Mr. Leach refer to in the review? (A) Josephine Adair (B) Alex Johnson {C) Jean Hall

co

~

Joe Keller's Nightmare at Midnight Powerhouse Theater Company, Sept. 11-17, 7:30p.m. Directed by Frank Warner Cast: Marty Brewster .. ............................ Grant Barry Abigail Brewster ............................ Jean Hall Marta Brewster .... .......................... Josephine Adair Theodore Carry ............................. Alex Johnson

04

0

c:

C'

04 Where can tickets be purchased? (A) At a website (B) At the theater (C) At the city hall Answers: p. 560

..... 0

m

n n> "' "'a. :::J <0

HA C K ERS


T ES T

Questions 01-05 refer to the following web contact form and e-mail.

Cool Waters Air Conditioning Contact Form www.coolwatersac.com Thank you for contacting Cool Waters Air Conditioning. Please fill out the following information, and then press the "SEND" button on the bottom of the screen. We will get back to you as soon as possible. E-mail: :=:.er:..:w e:.:i:.:.:l "-y@=-=o:. : a:. : l.c=:c-=-o.:.: m.:___ _ _ _ _ _ __ Name: Erica Williams Address: P. 0. Box 55-A, Manchester, Iowa 52057 Phone: 319 555-8495 Business Phone (optional): _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Message: I purchased an air conditioner from your Maple Street branch last Monday on July 2. The machine runs, but it seems the fan is not working. Could you please send someone over to the above address to have a look at it?

To: Erica Williams From: Customer Service Date: July 8 Dear Ms. Williams, We received your message dated July 7 concerning the air conditioning unit you bought on July 2. We apologize for the inconvenience this problem may have caused you. We received a list of factory defects in Wind's new series of air conditioners earlier this week: W-P542

Temperature controls inaccurate --~----~-.---

---

W-P543

Problems with fan system

W-P6o2

Sleep-mode not ru_~ning p~~e_eri'L

W-P604

Remote control malfunction

We will replace the defective parts and send someone over to service your air conditioner tomorrow . Please let us know what time is best for you .


www.nhantriviet.com

01 On the contact form, what information is optional ? (A) (B) (C) (D)

E-mail address Mailing address Home phone number Business telephone number

04 When did Ms . Williams send the web form? (A) (B) (C) (D)

July July July July

2 7 8 12

05 In the e-mail , the word "running" in the table , 02 In the e-mail , what is being discussed? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Source of the shipping error Reimbursement of the repairing charges A solution to the customer's problem The production process of a machine

line 3 is closest in meaning to (A) (B) (C) (D)

operating jogging organizing travelling

03 What air conditioner model does Ms. Williams probably have?

,

(A) (B) (C) (D)

W-P542 W-P543 W-P602 W-P604

"' )> ~

0

z Cl

Cl 0

c:

C'

en en

"'en

<0

"'

• .... 0 ~

n

."'"'

c..

"'"

www.nhantriviet.com

Chapter 17 Non-Prose - Related Readings- 455

Questions 06-10 refer to the following invoice and e-mail.

Big Wheel Bikes

Order Number: 78954 Date: June 5

928 Grandview A venue, Pittsburgh, PA BRAND

ITEM Biking shorts Water bottle Sunglasses Helmet

Adrenaline Speed Genesis Carlucci Terrain

QUANTITY

PRICE

2 2 1 1

$49.98 $11.98 $69.99 $89.99 TOTAL: $221.94

The Fast Silver helmet that you ordered is currently out of stock. We don't expect a new shipment of them until next month. We tried calling you several times but couldn't reach you. We have sent along a Terrain helmet which usually retails for $129.99 but only charged you for the cost of a Fast Silver helmet. As always, if there is any problem with your order or anything has been damaged, please contact our service department immediately at 555-7273 or e-mail us at [email protected]. Please have your order number when calling, or include it on any e-mail.

_Et

-1 1!11!!3 To: From : Date: Subject:

Customer Service, Big Wheel Bikes Vince Armstrong June 5 Recent delivery

·-

I just received my order this morning and unfortunately, there were a few problems . The Carlucci sunglasses were broken. Also , even though the Terrain helmet is of greater value , I would prefer waiting for the Fast Silver helmet, as it is a bit lighter than the Terrain one. I will send back these two items this afternoon . If you could send me a replacement pair of sunglasses, I would appreciate it. As for the helmet, you can just send me a Fast Silver helmet when your shipment arrives. Thanks for your help . Sincerely , Vince Armstrong

f--f---

.... ....

~


www.nhantriviet.com

06 What does Big Wheel Bikes say about Mr. Armstrong's order?

09 What requested information did Mr. Armstrong forget to include in his e-mail?

(A) Some items will be shipped at a later time. (A) His mailing address (B) His order number (B) They didn't charge him extra for a more (C) His contact information expensive helmet. (D) His credit card details (C) The order will not be delivered for another month. (D) The total price has been charged to his 10 What is true about the Fast Silver helmet? credit card. (A) It sells quickly. (B) It is out of production . 07 What does Mr. Armstrong say about an item (C) It is lighter than the Terrain helmet. he received? (D) It is the most expensive one on the market. (A) It was too expensive. (B) It was the wrong size. (C) It was broken. (D) It was the wrong package.

"' ~

)>

0

z

08 What does Mr. Armstrong want Big Wheel Bikes to do in July? (A) (B) (C) (D)

G\

Cl

0

c::

C"

Send him a Fast Silver helmet Ship a pair of new sunglasses Refund his money Reimburse him for delivery charges

co ""C

"'enen co "' "'en

• -< 0

~

n

"' "'

"'a. """'

Answers: p. 560

458

READING TEST

In this section, you must demonstrate your ability to read and comprehend English. You will be given a variety of texts and asked to answer questions about these texts. This section is divided into three parts and will take 75 minutes to complete. Do not mark the answers in your test book. Use the answer sheet that is separately provided.

PART5 Directions: In each question, you will be asked to review a statement that is missing a word or phrase. Four answer choices will be provided for each question. Select the best answer and mark the corresponding letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) on the answer sheet.

101. Shoppers at Grisons' Department Store purchase any electronic appliance this week will receive an adaptor free of charge. (A) who (C) which

(B) whom (D) whose

104. Because of Valley Bank's new online banking service, paying your monthly bills just became easier than (A) always (C) never

(B) ever (D) often

105. Reservations for events and conferences

102. An

schedule of events for Samson festival was posted in popular locations around town. (A) update (C) updating

(B) updates (D) updated

can be made by calling Regent Resorts directly or through a travel agency. (A) all (C) either

(B) only (D) whether

106. The changes to office policy were 103. Dandridge Investment's human resources officer is always looking for employees Ms. Streep's ability. (A) of (C) while

(B) to (D) for

implemented in the Houston branch by the regional manager. (A) effective (C) effect

(B) effectively (D) effecting

107. Trains to the international airport are to depart every thirty minutes from the central station . (A) appointed (C) scheduled

(B) measured (D) reserved

113. The new photocopier purchased from Avis Supplies came with detailed (A) instructor (C) instructing

(B) instructions (D) instructs

114. Files in the accounting department are kept 108. The assembly line renovation project was completed ahead of time because of the dedication and the of the team members. (A) reliant (C) reliably

in alphabetical order so that workers can find them (A) rarely (C) easily

(B) nicely (D) separately

(B) rely (D) reliability

115. DaVinci 's restaurant is famous for a wide 109. Dyson Electronics can offer full refunds the item is returned within two weeks of the date of purchase. (A) during (C) in

of Italian dishes that are freshly made, but their prices are expensive. (A) variety (C)various

(B) varied (D)various~

(B) while (D) if

116. Financial analysts predict that profits for the 11 0. The buildings failed to pass the safety inspection because they were built with poor construction materials. (A) rapidly (C) industriously

new studio are likely to reach $60 million after their film releases this summer. (A) more (C) farther

(B) over (D) away

(B) conveniently (D) accurately

117. Many residents in the downtown area are 111. Bedrock Supply's delivery service will be starting on March 7 due to recent budget cuts . (A) complete (C) eligible

complaining because the cost of rent is no longer (A) affording (C) affordability

(B) affordable (D) afford

(B) unavailable (D) popular

118. Generica Cleaning Supplies is developing 112. Customers' complaints and suggestions are never by the customer service staff at Newtown Graphics. (A) avoided (C) adapted

(B) ignored (D) started

•

a line of products that are environmentally beneficial. friendly and (A) stringently (C) economically

(B) cheaply (D) permanently

....

0

m

n

.,"' '" c. "'"

119. After

reading all the resumes, the board will decide which applicants to invite for an interview. (A) carefully (C) careful

120. Rosita's catering staff ensures that its

(A) wishful (C) imperative

meals and (B) durable (D) outstanding

121. Deciding who to hire as regional managers is one of the most difficult directors . (A) challenging (C) challengingly

faced by

(B) challenges (D) challenged

122. For your convenience , an agenda for next

(B) limiting (D) limits

127. Frequent passengers will receive a free national ticket to any location $1 ,000 they spend on train tickets. (A) because (C) so

every

(B) for (D) along

128. High prices of a product are often due more to the advertising quality of the goods. (A) budget (C) shoppers

rather than the (B) currency (D) fees

129. Guests may leave their luggage in the

month's session on corporate law has been e-mailed to your accounts.

lobby the front desk if they need assistance carrying it to their rooms .

(A) training (C) housing

(A) near (C) out of

(B) meaning (D) covering

123. The CEO emphasized that all hospital

124.

the ballet in advance, as seating in the auditorium is (A) limited (C) limitation

(B) cari ng (D) to care

customers receive exceptional service .

126. Please make sure to book your tickets for

(B) into (D) through

130. The new marketing strategy targeting senior

employees should become more with local charity organizations and events.

citizens caused an Progain Pharmaceuticals.

(A) familiarly (C) familiar

(A) increased (C) increasing

(B) familiarize (D) familiarity

those with up-to-date security passes will be permitted entrance into the building . (A) Total (C) Every

(B) Almost (D) Only

in sales for

(B) increase (D) increasable

131. Ms. Claven will

which company was chosen for outsourcing the production of IMG's washing machines at the investors' meeting on Monday. (A) permit (C) surrender

(B) announce (D) enclose

125. Ms. Kyle called this morning to request some revisions to travel itinerary for the business trip to Eastern Europe. (A) hers (C) her


(B) she (D) herself

132. The Dayview Journal of Finance Gerald Butler as CEO of The Year for his successes in the Southeast Asian markets. (A) was selected (C) selecting

(B) selected (D) to select


133. The Innovations in Medical Technology conference begins on Tuesday and will last Friday. (B) on (D) until

(A) yet (C) over

137. Harold decided to go ahead with the conference, many of his colleagues in the department are not able to attend because of upcoming deadlines. (A) even though (C) before

(B) because (D) furthermore

134. Getting the designs ready for production is a process wh ich includes a lot of sample making and alterations. (A) lengthy (C) lengthening

(B) lengthen (D) length

138. Alderan Industries stated that they will land for branch offices in more than 20 different countries. (A) purchases (C) purchase

(B) purchasing (D) purchased

135. Generex Robotics is exhibiting at the trade the functions of their fair and will new packaging equipment. (A) develop (C) discourage

(B) astonish (D) demonstrate

136. You can access your bank funds by using by Metrobank at the debit card most automated transfer machines. (A) provided (C) provision

(B) provides (D) providing

139. The Goldstream Transportation Line has added 40 new buses to their system in order to provide more service during rush hours. (A) specific (C) frequent

(B) plentiful (D) sudden

140. Price and Vincent Development expects to increase their profit margin dramatically reached following several recent with suppliers of raw materials. (A) agreements (C) outcomes

(B) results (D) discussions

• Answers: p. 560 '"n•n•1 .....,1... .... .....,+_.;,,;,..+

---

PART6 Directions: In this part, you will be asked to read some English texts. Some sentences in each text are incomplete. Select the word or phrase that correctly completes each sentence and mark the corresponding letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) on the answer sheet.


MTT Security Systems 2872 Rosemont Street Portland, OR 97299 Shawn Russel l 2265 Armstrong Road Ashland , OR 97520 Dear Mr. Russell , Thank you for recently enrolling for our total home security program . You can be su re that you made the right decision in choosing MTT to your home and property.

141. (A) protect (B) restore (C) sell (D) build MTT guarantees fast and efficient service. We are constantly updating our security systems you the highest level of protection. We also use some of the most highly sophisticated 142. (A) ensure (B) ensured (C) have ensured (D) ensuring detection equ ipment in the nation. We do hope that you will be fully

with our service, and if you have any questions or

143. (A) satisfy (B) satisfying (C) satisfyingly (D) satisfied requests , please don't hesitate to contact us. Thank you again for choosing MTT. Sincerely yours , Alyssa Dara Security Director, MTT




To: All Office Staff From: Montgomery Smithers, Warehouse Manager Date: Oct. 16 Subject: Customer Complaint I wanted to let you know about a complaint we

this week from Mr. Malone at Danson

144. (A) were receiving (B) have received (C) receive (D) receiving Enterprises. Mr. Malone asked that we send him our new catalog with his most recent order. He said this is the second time he has requested the catalog and still hasn't received it. To avoid this mistake in the future, I suggest

one person with the job of enclosing the

145. (A) enforcing (B) telling (C) assigning (D) explaining most recent copy of our catalog with all outgoing orders. In this way, we can also make sure our customers are updated on our line of products. If you think this is a good

, or if you have any other suggestions, let me know at the staff

146. (A) organization (B) idea (C) order (D) procession meeting tomorrow.

• -< 0

m

n

.."'"'

a.

"

<0


Underwater Research Center The largest underwater research facility in the world is nearly completed. The research facility, located near Gold Coast, Australia, is expected to be fully functional in two days, after

147. (A) after (B) just (C) when (D) from nearly twelve years of planning and development. "A lot of work has gone into making this structure totally secure and able to withstand even the most powerful storms," said Bobby Pogue, head engineer for the construction. He also mentioned that technicians are adding the final touches to the emergency system which must be before any personnel can start conducting their research.

148. (A) operations (B) operate (C) operational (D) operator The research facility will study underwater life forms, natural resources and conduct experiments to determine the results of global warming. The spokesman of the center said that the construction of the facility possible in partnership with the Australian government and 149. (A) was made (B) was making (C) to make (D) to be made Keiko Electronics.


Northjet Airlines 720 Burrard Ave. Vancouver, BC V5K-1W2 May 31 Ms. Rose Kinghorn 515 Nickel Road Kelowna , BC V1 P-2HO Dear Ms. Kinghorn , Thank you for applying to the Northjet Frequent Flier Plan. Please find your new Frequent Flier card enclosed with this letter. We recommend that all members, for their own protection, not give out their card number, reservation numbers or information through e-mail or mobile

150. (A) other such (B) many (C) one more (D) either phone to avoid any possibility of identity theft. Members are also advised to follow these

steps in order to protect their personal

151. (A) excessive (B) sufficient (C) additional (D) urgent information: -Sign your name on the back of the card. -Copy your membership number and keep it in a secure place. - If the card is lost, contact one of our representatives immediately. Thank you for your

. We appreciate your business, and hope you enjoy the wonderful

152. (A) sponsorship (B) cooperation (C) qualification (D) recommendation

I I ::t:

"',.,. n "'

benefits as a member of the Northjet Frequent Flier Plan .

~

_,

0

m

n

"'"'

"'c.. ::0 10

Answers: p. 560

PART7

Directions: In this part, you will be asked to read several texts, such as advertisements, articles, or examples of business correspondence. Each text is followed by several questions. Select the best answer and mark the corresponding letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) on the answer sheet.


www.nhantriviet.com

Questions 153-154 refer to the following receipt.

Mackie Printing Industries SHIPPING RECEIPT ORDER DATE: March 30 ORDER FILED: April 7 CUSTOMER NAME:

M~ :.:. a~ rt::.: in.:_W .:...:..:: e:.::: s.:_ t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

CUSTOMER ORDER NUMBER: -"'JW :_:____:4"" _35,_,6::....:4c.::: 3_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Size: Large Color: Red and gold Quantity: 120 Description: Four-page menus with restaurant name and logo on the cover Cost: $7.99 each Subtotal: $958.80 Tax: $11.50 TOTAL: $970.30 *Thank you for your business*

153. How many menus were ordered? (A) (B) (C) (D)

4 120 958 970

154. What is stated in the receipt? (A) The order has already been delivered. (B) The shipment will arrive on April 7. (C) The name of the restaurant appears on the menus. (D) The business was not charged tax.

•


Sarah Sadler, Director of Marketing and Sales Victory Cosmetics 29 Singer Ave. , 5th Floor Los Angeles, CA July 7 June Chadwick Visitor Promotional Productions 523 Duncan Street, Room 12 Los Angeles, CA Dear Ms. Chadwick, We at Victory Cosmetics would like to extend our thanks and gratitude for the wonderful work you and your promotional team have done for our newest line of perfumes. The advertisements you created for both print and television are fantastic. Your promotional strategy has paid off as we 've already started earning revenues after just the first sales quarter. This has been the most profitable launch of any Victory product in the last 20 years. You have done a tremendous job, and we look forward to working with your firm again. With this letter you will find an enclosed bonus check which we would like you to use for a small celebration with your staff. This is just our way of saying thank you. Sincerely yours,

S~B~ Director of Marketing and Sales Victory Cosmetics

155. What is the purpose of the letter? (A) (B) (C) (D)

To To To To

request a payment give praise request a product sample promote a new product


156. What does Ms. Sadler say about the recent product launch? (A) (B) {C) (D)

It It It It

was successful. costed a lot of money. will begin next month . took a lot of work .

www.nhantriviet.com

Questions 157-159 refe r to the following e-mail.

To:

Alexander MacDonald

From:

Fionnula O'Dell

I I

Subject: Website design

We are currently working on the content and design for our branch's website here in Dublin. I noticed the wonderful layout of your site for Glasgow and saw the name Evelyn Marlinton listed as the designer. Everything on your site seemed very functional , easy to use and attractive, and I'm interested in contacting Ms. Marlinton about working with our branch . I was wondering if you could give me her phone number or e-mail address so I can get in touch with her. We do have some ideas for the website already, and I'd like to get her opinion on them. I will be visiting Glasgow on Thursday for the sales conference , so maybe we could schedule a brief meeting between the three of us. I'm sure any advice you might have for me would also be useful. Let me know when you might be available . And if you could forward me some information about Ms. Marlinton, I will contact her as well. Thanks for your help! Fionnula O'Dell

157. Why was the e-mail written? (A) (B) (C) (D)

To To To To

request some contact information ask for an address offer an invitation to a conference inform a customer of a new service

158. Who is Evelyn Marlinton? (A) (B) (C) (D)

A sales representative A company executive A branch manager A website designer

159. Where might Fionnula O'Del l meet with Alexander MacDonald? (A) (B) (C) (D)

In In In In

Dublin Glasgow London Manchester

•


160. What position is being advertised? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Lawyer Human resources manager Computer specialist Executive assistant


161. What is NOT listed as a job benefit offered by the company? (A) (B) (C) (D)

A yearly bonus An expense account A good salary Medical insurance

www.nhantriviet.com


To: Design Team

From: Donald Karan

Date: June 14 Subject: Lunch Hello everyone, I first would like to thank and congratulate you all on your hard work this season. The collection was a great critical success. Because we've been so busy, we haven't had time to sit down together and discuss some different ideas for next season. I'd like to invite everyone to lunch tomorrow at Maharani's. We'll meet at 1 o'clock and this will also give everyone a chance to meet our team's newest member, Antonio Musco. Antonio will be developing a new line of accessories for our company, and I'm sure he will become a valuable member of our team. If you would like to attend this meeting, please call Eva Green sometime this afternoon so that she can make a reservation at the restaurant. I look forward to seeing you all, and congratulations again on a job well done.

162. Who probably wrote the memo? (A) A secretary (B) An event planner {C) A restaurant manager (D) The team leader

164. For what will Mr. Musco be responsible? (A) Managing the team (B) Designing new products (C) Promoting collections (D) Deciding the menu

163. What is the purpose of the meeting? (A) To view the new collection (B) To meet a new client (C) To award an employee (D) To discuss some ideas

165. Why would employees contact Eva Green? (A) To submit a proposal (B) To request product information (C) To confirm attendance (D) To reserve accommodation

• --<

0

,..,m "' "' Q>

Cl.

::>

"'

www.nhantriviet.com

Actual Test 1 - 473

Questions 166-168 refer to the following letter. ~~~~~

Marie Faubert 95 Jackson Crescent Phoenix, AZ 04-55000 Dear Ms. Faubert,

t

On behalf of Sylvan House Wares, I would like to apologize for the damaged trays you received. We always try to package all shipments to the best of our abilities, but these accidents still happen on occasion. I have asked our shipping department to send you some replacements as soon as possible. You will find with this letter a return kit. This includes the box, packing materials and an address label. Please use the kit to send back the damaged goods to our company. The postage has been prepaid so you only need to pack the trays and call the delivery company. I am also enclosing a $20 gift certificate to make up for any inconvenience.

I~

Again, I apologize for this inconvenience and value your business.

( Sincerely yours,

l s Manager an House Wares ~~~-~~~~~~-""-~~~~~-~

166. What problem was reported to Ms. Bell? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Some merchandise was damaged. A shipment was lost. An address was incorrect. Postage was not paid.

168. What is Ms. Faubert instructed to do? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Cancel an order Pay a bill Call the shipping department Call the delivery company

167. What is included with the letter? (A) (B) (C) (D)

A new set of trays A gift certificate An addressed envelope A business card


www.nhantriviet.com


169. Why did Ms. Banks hire The Ford Firm? (A) (B) (C) (D)

To To To To

promote her products increase production develop new eyeglasses find investors

171. How did Ms. Banks learn about The Ford Firm? (A) (B) (C) (D)

In a newspaper advertisement On television Through a business partner Through a friend

170. What kind of business is The Ford Firm? (A) (B) (C) (D)

A cosmetics manufacturer A public relations company A research agency An investment group

• -< 0

m

n

.,"'"'

c. :::>

<0

Questions 172-175 refe r to the following notice.

The Royal Academy of Dance Summer Schedule: The following is a list of classes that will be offered by the academy during our summer session . Classes will begin starting June 14. All sessions will be held one day a week for two hours. Each class will run unti l on July 24 and is limited to a number of 15 students.

Introduction to Dance, Elementary Level Jennifer Nouri

Monday, 8:30a.m.

Modern Dance

Monday, 10:00 a.m .

Michael Beals

Classical Dance/Ballroom Dancing Alexandra Hurley

Tuesday, 8:30a.m.

Choreography Development Nick Owens

Thursday, 10:00 a.m.

Dance Therapy: Healing the Body Through Movement Lilia Scala

Friday, 8:30a.m.

*Registration for all classes will be on June 7 and 8 from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. at the academy admissions office. Early applications will not be accepted. For further information, contact the admissions office at 555-6474.

172. How often is each class held? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Once a week Twice a week Once a month Three times a month

174. Who is scheduled to teach dance for beginners? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Michael Beals Jennifer Nouri Alexandra Hurley Nick Owens

173. What information is given in the notice? (A) (B) (C) (D)

The The The The

cost of classes dates for registration room number for each class telephone numbers of instructors

476 - Hackers TOE/C Reading

175. What is NOT indicated about Lilia Scala's class? (A) (B) (C) (D)

It It It It

requires textbooks. meets on Friday. is about physical healing. is about therapy.

www.nhantriviet.com

Questions 176-180 refe r to the following letter.

RTLRNTI S CRUISE ll NES julie McCoy 1411 St. Joh ns Bluff Road }acksonvi lie, Florida 32224-2645 Dear Ms. McCoy, As we d iscussed earl ier on the phone, your cruise to Tang ier fo r August 15 has been cancelled. However, I've managed to book you on a cru ise for August 18 at 10:30 a. m . leaving from Miami. The journey to Tangier wil l last for five days and w ill arri ve on August 23. There will be one stop in Kingston fo r four hours on route to M orocco and a tour will be p rovided. A ll prices are the sa me as you r previous reservation. If thi s booking is sui table, p lease contact me via fax at (607)555-4699 or by e-mai l at reservati ons@atlantisc rui se. net. We can arrange fo r In ternet access in your room on the sh ip as requested, as we ll as th e vegetarian mea ls. Unfortun ate ly, At lant is Crui se Lines ca nnot arrange for hote l accommodation in Tangier. However, our partners at Globa l-Go Travel are offering discount hotel rates for reservations made by Ju ly 1. You may want to contact them as soon as possib le, as hotels fil l up quickly this t ime of year. Please let me know if you wou ld li ke to go ahead wit h these travel p lans. If so, you w i l l also need to send me passport numbe rs and expi ration dates for both you and your husband. Si ncerely, Isaac Washington

176. Why did Mr. Wash ington write the letter? (A) To provide details of travel itinerary changes (B) To offer the services of a travel agency (C) To inform the company of dietary requirements (D) To make reservations for a hotel

179. What does Mr. Washington request that Ms. McCoy do? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Change her destination Confirm hotel reservations Send passport information Provide a list of meal requirements

180. What service does Atlantis Cruise Lines 177. What is Ms. McCoy's destination? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Jacksonville Miami Kingston Tangier

NOT provide? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Tour arrangements Special meals In-room Internet service Hotel arrangements

• ..... 0

m

,...,

"' "'

178. What is scheduled for August 18? (A) (B) (C) (D)

A A A A

"'c..

=>

flight arrival sh ip departure dinner stay at a hotel

www.nhantriviet.com

<0

Actual Test 1 - 477


.Last Wednesday, OrionAir.started its training . course . ' '''''·''if:"··~". :·,j~;:(:~!;,~£,,.#,,, .:~ for flighPattenoEmts. Th'e.:course. which ' · ';'<

______

. -..... includes four sessions. is for current airline hospitality employee-;and"'facuses on improving in-flight service skills and how to treat first-class passenger~.· The course l)eg~with a pre-sentation by Abigail Lang, a hospitality consultant from Air Service Training (AST) witli o_ver thirty years of experience in the industry. The second sessio~ on Thursday was conducted.,.~~~-: . . i:

a professional event planner. who gave OrionAir's employees different tips on presentation and display of meals. beverages and other items in an aircraft. .Ms. Lang will also be leading the final two sessions of the course . She said, "We encourage . ·:: ·all in-flight staff to sign up for the last two training sessions. and hope the information we can provide them will
'

To: Abigail Lang, Air Service Training From: Elaine Dickinson Date: March 12 Subject: Training Session Dear Ms. Lang, I just wanted to thank you for providing such an informative and interesting training course. I attended all four of the sessions your company conducted for OrionAir, and found you to be an exceptional instructor with a lot of experience in our field. You seemed to understand the problems we face on a daily basis. My colleagues and I found your ideas and suggestions very useful. You can be sure we will start using your ideas in our workplace. Finally, we also appreciated the free travel bag very much, and thank you for this kind gesture.

Sincerely, Elaine Dickinson


www.nhantriviet.com

181 . What is NOT true about the training course? (A) (B) (C) (D)

It It It It

began last Wednesday. is about customer service. is intended for event planners. includes four sessions.

182. In the article, the word "treat" in paragraph 1,

184. What most likely is Ms. Dickinson 's job? (A) (B) (C) (D)

A pilot A flight attendant An event planner A travel agent

185. Why did Ms. Dickinson receive a travel

line 3 is closest in meaning to

bag?

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

work under deal with find out react to

She She She She

ordered it. won a contest. attended the training course. registered for a membership.

183. Why did Ms. Dickinson write the e-mai l? (A) (B) (C) (D)

To To To To

request a free gift ask about a training course thank an instructor offer a suggestion

• ....

0

m

n

"" "'"'a.

"

10

www.nhantriviet.com

Actual Test 1 - 479


l!!ll!l To:

The lmperatrice Hotel

From:

Ivan Kaminski

Date:

May 5

Subject:

Reservations

·-

I saw your recent advertisement for the grand opening of your hotel, and am happy that The lmperatrice is finally opening again for business. My wife and I have often stayed at your hotel and always enjoyed your kindness and your high level of service. I currently work as the director for S&B Marketing in Manhattan. I normally treat my staff to an annual party, but I thought it might be something special and interesting if I invited them to your grand gala and ball. The total number of people would be 10, and I was wondering if you would still have this many tickets available. Also, do you offer any type of group rate? Regardless, we still want to purchase the tickets if they are available. Please contact me by phone at 555-9045 to let me know. Thanks!


www.nhantriviet.com

186. In the advertisement, what is NOT stated about the hotel? (A) (B) (C) (D)

It It It It

was recently restored. has sports facilities . has an event hall. is in the city center.

187. In the advertisement, the word "charged" in paragraph 3, line 2 is closest in meaning to (A) (B) (C) (D)

selected demanded admitted submitted

189. How much money might Mr. Kaminski have to pay? (A) (B) (C) (D)

$20 $200 $220 $2,000

190. What does Mr. Kaminski ask about? (A) (B) (C) (D)

The The The The

cost of a room number of invitations location of the event availability of tickets

188. What is suggested about Mr. Kaminski in the e-mail? (A) He is a frequent visitor at the hotel. (B) He is an investor in the hotel. (C) He is unhappy with the service at the hotel. (D) He held an event at the hotel.

• -I

0

m

n ::0

"'"'c..

"

<.C

www.nhantriviet.com

Actual Test 1 - 481


Landscape Artist Creates Local Gardens Agnetha Anderson is becoming a household name among those interested in garden design. Following her critically acclaimed work for the courthouse gardens in Melbourne, Ms. Anderson has done several projects including the landscape design for the new home of local entrepreneur Benny Johnson. Johnson has also hired Anderson to develop the grounds surrounding his company's new headquarters which will be located in Sydney. "I've thoroughly enjoyed working with Agnetha. She has an incredible vision about what a garden should be. She creates outdoor spaces that feel comfortable and relaxing. I can hardly wait for her to start on our next project in Sydney," says Johnson. When asked why her gardens and landscaping are becoming so popular, Anderson said, "I think a garden should be a place where people can relax. You should feel free to sit on the grass and take your shoes off. I try to create a beautiful and accommodating atmosphere through my work." She also mentioned that designing gardens gives her the opportunity to be creative and spend time outdoors. "The only drawback is that I don't have enough time to spend at home in my own garden," she added. Anderson says she is still in the planning stages for her next project with Mr. Johnson, but looks forward to getting started as soon as possible.

From: Benny Johnson To: Agnetha Anderson Subject: Landscaping plans I am very excited about working with you again on our second project, and I just received the plans and blueprints you've drawn up this morning. I am very pleased with what you have done so far. I especially like the idea for the pond surrounded by trees. However, I was wondering if we could move it further away from the entrance. As we will have a lot of traffic through that area. I would like a larger space around the entrance. Could you keep the design for the pond. but simply move it to the left side of the building? Let me know if this is OK . You can just write me an e-mail. Other than that. everything else looks wonderful. Thank you for all your help. Benny


www.n hantriviet.com

191 . What is the purpose of the article? (A} (B) (C) (D)

To announce the opening of a new park To profile a landscape designer To provide inforiT)ation on local plants To report the opening of a new public garden

192. What does Agnetha Anderson say is a

194. What does Benny Johnson ask Agnetha Anderson to change? (A) (B) (C) (D)

The The The The

size of the garden location of the entrance position of the pond number of trees

195. What is NOT indicated about Benny

disadvantage of her job?

Johnson?

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

She She She She like.

has to travel a lot. doesn't have enough time at home. spends too much time outdoors. cannot be as creative as she would

He He He He

is a local businessman. is opening a new office. enjoys working with Ms. Anderson . wrote an article about Ms. Ande rson.

193. What design project is Benny Johnson discussing in his e-mail? (A) (B) (C) (D)

The The The The

courthouse garden yard at his private home grounds for his new headquarters landscaping of a local park

• -<

0

m

n

"' "''"c.. => "'

Questions 196-200 refer to the followin g announcement and form .

STUBBING BUSINESS OBJECTIVES: Course Enrollment Form

Special requests/ questions/ comments: I am interested in sending several of my managers to this course. I would like to know if you offer special group rates. There will be ten of us in total. Please let me know by e-mail.


www.nhantriviet.com

196. What is the purpose of the announcement? (A) (B) (C) (D)

To To To To

introduce a new trainer provide details about a conference advertise business classes promote a sales convention

199. What is the fee for the course Mr. Koppel plans to attend? (A) (B) (C) (D)

$300 $350 $400 $450

197. In the announcement, the word "delivering" in paragraph 1, line 5 is closest in meaning to (A) (B) (C) (D)

sending naming presenting traveling

198. What is NOT a subject of a course?

200. What does Mr. Koppel want to know? (A) Whether a course is still available (B) Whether the company provides a discount for groups (C) The dates scheduled for one of the classes (D) The e-mail address of a trainer

(A) Developing management strategies (B) Creating a reward and commission system (C) Designing a company website (D) Lowering office expenditures

t

t -< 0

m

n

."'"'

c. :::0

""

Answers: p. 560

www.nhantriviet.com

Actual Test 1 - 485

READING TEST

In this section, you must demonstrate your ability to read and comprehend English. You will be given a variety of texts and asked to answer questions about these texts. This section is divided into three parts and will take 75 minutes to complete . Do not mark the answers in your test book. Use the answer sheet that is separately provided.

PARTS Directions: In each question, you will be asked to review a statement that is missing a word or phrase. Four answer choices will be provided for each question. Select the best answer and mark the corresponding letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) on the answer sheet.

101. Company insurance coverage will not be employees have filed a

provided medical report. (A) until (C) without

(B) by (D) whenever

102. Monarch Co. is a prominent food manufacturer that is around the world for its high-quality ingredients. (A} recognizes (C) recognized

(B) recognizing (D) recognize

103. The research team members are proud of work on the environmental impact project. (A} their (C) they

(B) them (D) that

104.

its grand opening of the Chicago store, J-Mart prepared free refreshments for the public. (A} Celebrates (C) To celebrate

(B) Celebrated (D) Has celebrated

105. Please make sure to take all your carry-on luggage and

items with you as you

exit the aircraft. (A) actual (C) personal

(B) obtainable (D) resourceful

106. After much discussion, the director announced that she decided to hire Mr. Stevens as a replacement for the marketing manager. (A) finale (C) finally

(B) finalize (D) finish


107. The security director

concern that the office staff were not always wearing their identification badges. (A) suggested (C) pointed

(B) regarded (D) expressed

108. American construction companies are more

113. One of the topics included in today's seminar is dealing with customers' comments and complaints more (A) attentively (C) attentive

(B) attending (D) attention

114. Handel Arts Center will be constructing an

on Asian steel manufacturers than ever before, because of growing costs of local labor.

additional backstage area to its main hall performers have more space for rehearsal and show preparation .

(A) reliant (C) rely

(A) because of (C) considering

(B) relied (D) reliance

109. Renfrew Supermarkets earned $100 million

(B) so that (D) whether

115. The

in profits last year, the company to open two new branches in Miami .

reached by the consultant was that Bolton Business Bureau's office expenditures were too high .

(A) allow (C) allowed

(A) concludes (C) concluded

(B) allowance (D) allowing

110. The marketing department a clearer understanding of the latest consumer trends by attending last month's seven-day workshop . (A) have been gained (C) will gain

(B) gained (D) gaining

(B) concluding (D) conclusion

116. According to recent studies, the demands of customers have past decade . (A) orderly (C) mainly

changed over the (B) additionally (D) clearly

117. All staff will be required to undergo a full 111. Beth Cartwright will be speaking today instead of Harry Shearer has an emergency and is unable to attend the conference. (A) whose (C) he

medical check-up , for those who were hired within the last month . (A) only (C) so

(B) during (D) except

(B) him (D) who

118. Attendees of the computer course for using 112. In order to reduce annual office operation , the manufacturer found a different supplier that offered discounted contract rates . (A) expenses (C) value

t t

(B) accounts (D) outcomes

the new accounting software purchased by the properties office found it very (A) generous (C) audible

(B) productive (D) hesitant

__, 0

m

n

"' "'"'a. "" ::0

119. The company requires all

for the job to have at least two years' experience in computer programming.

(A) applying (C) applicants

126. A study to be conducted this fall show the effects of demand for oil in Asia on international commerce.

(B) applications (D) applies

120. During the month of August, customers

to

(A) is expecting (C) is expected

(B) expect (D) expected

127. The trip to the new factory site will take

who a total purchase of $100 are entitled to a 10 percent discount.

twenty minutes from the main office downtown .

(A) proceed (C) multiply

{A) extraordinarily (C) immediately

(B) exceed (D) rise

121. New tax laws were

responsible for the decision to raise Dayton Motors' prices on their veh icles . (A) part (C) parts

(B) partly (D) parting

122. The cl ients from Tokyo managed to catch their flight the terrible traffic on the way to the airport. (A) because of (C) in spite of

(B) nevertheless (D) although

128.

{B) approximately (D) supposedly

calling a Sing-Co customer service representative, please refer to the assembly manual provided with the printer. (A) By (C) Either

(B) Before (D) Whether

129. Ms. Rainier told the interviewer that she owes the success of her company to her staff's creative promotional ideas and marketing skills. (A) strong (C) completed

(B) possible (D) dependent

123. The scientist wrote a report on the new medical treatment and pharmaceutical company. (A) traded (C) found

it to the

130. All recyclable materials must be put in the appropriate bins at the back entrance for

(B) eliminated (D) forwarded

(A) removable (C) removed

(B) removal (D) to remove

124. Bellissima Designs is planning to add seven more members to their (A) current (C) old

design staff. (B) recent (D) now

131. An additional fee will be charged to those customers wishing to within 24 hours. (A) make sure (C) permit

delivery (B) notice (D) guarantee

125. The reg ional director's

at the board meeting was specifically requested by the CEO of Data-Scientific Inc.

(A) resistance (C) occurrence

(B) presence (D) reluctance

132. Transair, formerly

as Transcontinental Airlines , has recently purchased six new airplanes in order to increase their number of European connections. (A) knowing (C) known


(B) has known (D) knew

www.nhantriviet.com

133. Mainframe Inc. re-signed a four-year agreement with the existing contractor, Microbyte Computers, for the of all their office computer systems. (A) remodeling (C) maintenance

(B) innovation (D) instruction

138. The newspaper stated that many buildings were damaged during the earthquake, and estimated that the city will spend more than 80 million dollars on repair. (A) severely (C) seve rity

(B) severe (D) seve rest

134. The reports from Gable Holding's market research department will be completed (A) already (C) rarely

(B) shortly (D) previously

135. People with a history of heart disease are advised to to the hospital for monthly blood pressure tests. (A) return (C) returning

136.

(B) returned (D) returns

139. The president will

the problems the Toronto branch has had with team management at the directors' meeting on Friday. (A) speak (C) comme nt

(B) address (D) prevent

140. Productivity increased by 5 percent this quarter, which is 7 percent. (A) lower (C) reduced

last year's rate of (B) below (D) small

exhibitors for the science equipment expo are asked to reg ister at the main gate before setting up their displays. (A) Total (C) Each

(B) All (D) Whoever

137. The new computers ordered by the PR department were delivered this morning but haven't been yet , so please continue using the old ones until further notice. (A) purchased (C) installed

(B) conducted (D) monitored

• Answers: p. 560

PARTS Directions: In this part, you will be asked to read some English texts. Some sentences in each text are incomplete. Select the word or phrase that correctly completes each sentence and mark the corresponding letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) on the answer sheet.


Recycling Used Tires Chambers Automotive is launching our first used tire recycling program! In order to better serve our customers and be more environment-friendly, Chambers will form a partnership with Tomoko Tires in this new program. All of our customers are urged to donate their used tires

141. (A) suddenly (B) moreover (C) however (D) whenever possible so that they may be processed and used to create other tires or products . Our store

the used tires to the manufacturer, where they will be processed . By taking

142. (A) return (B) returned (C) will return (D) was returning part in this program , not only will you be helping the environment, but with each donation , Tomoko Tires is offering a $25 discount on your next purchase of any of their products. If you would like more

about this program or a list of Tomoko products carried by

143. (A) details (B) events (C) provisions (D) support Chambers Automotive , you can visit our website at www.chamberauto.com or call us at 5553504.


Rawling Performing Arts Center Mrs. Maureen Jolie 1847 Desert Crescent Tombstone, AZ 85638 May5 Dear Mrs. Jolie, Thank you for being such a loyal supporter of the Rawling Performing Arts Center. This year's schedule of programs and performances promises to be our best! We noticed that you have not yet subscribed for your season pass. This year we are giving members an added special bonus. a season pass is purchased before the end of this

144. (A) Whether (B) If (C) Even (D) So

month , you will receive a gift certificate for $50 at DiMaggio's Bar and Grill. In addition , the renovations on our concert hall have been completed . The new sounds system will work well with all the wonderful we have planned for this year.

145. (A) menus (B) reservations (C) exhibitions (D) performances Please find an

brochure with a listing of all events and performances for this season.

146. (A) enclosed (B) enclosing (C) encloses (D) enclosure

Sincerely,

•

Rebecca Kellogg Season Director RPAC

.....

There is also a price list and contact information . Thanks again for your generous support.

0

m

n

"' "'

"'c.

"

<.0

Questions 147-149 refer to the following e-mail.

From: Chris Carrel , Mars Corporation Human Resources To: Jack Frost Subject: Application Confirmation On behalf of Mars Corporation , I am writing to

that we received your application and

147. (A) understand {B) confirm (C) present (D) require resume for the assistant regional manager position. We received your documents on April 9. We and will be reviewing all applicaare very happy that our job listing generated so much

148. (A) interests (B) interesting (C) interest (D) interested tions in the next few days. As the number of responses has been quite

, we will need

149. (A) multiple (B) notable (C) debatable (D) overwhelming some time to set up interview appointments. If you are chosen for an interview, you will hear from me within the next five days. Thank you again for applying to Mars. Feel free to e-mail me if you have any additional questions.


TFG Technical Training Services 48 Kennedy Plaza Providence, Rl1219851 Tom Tucker 152 Clambake Road Pawtucket, Rl 02862 January 6 Dear Mr. Tucker, We appreciate your taking part in TFG's in-office training course. Our staff has been going through the comment cards submitted by recent trainees discovered that you have not 150. (A) until (B) after (C) and (D) so yet become a member of TFG. TFG is a company dedicated to enhancing the

of its clients. We offer training courses in

151. (A) internships (B) ability (C) careers (D) processes management, accounting and computer skills, and can help you acquire the necessary professional certification you may need for your job. Anyone who has participated in one of our courses is offered the opportunity to

our

152. (A) join (B) obtain (C) develop (D) respond organization for a free, two-month membership. I hope you will find TFG extremely helpful in your professional life. Simply fill in the enclosed application form and return it to the address above. Thank you for your time.

•

Sincerely yours, Diane Simmons TFG Providence Branch Director

-<

0

m

"

.,"" "'c.. "'

<0

Answers: p. 560

PART7 Directions: In this part, you will be asked to read several texts, such as advertisements, articles, or examples of business correspondence. Each text is followed by several questions. Select the best answer and mark the corresponding letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) on the answer sheet.


www.nhantriviet.com


153. What is the purpose of this notice? (A) (B) (C) (D)

To To To To

give instructions for submitting letters inform readers of a new magazine request articles introduce a new editor

www.nhantriviet.com

154. What is suggested about the publication? (A) (B) (C) (D)

It It It It

is an art magazine. is a weekly publication . pays for article submissions. doesn't accept letters by fax.

Actual Test 2 - 495


PINE VALLEY PAPER PRODUCTS INC. 954 21st St. , Spokane, WA 99082

Olivia Jung Office Manager Synertech Industries 43 S. Main Boise, ID 99076 Dear Ms. Jung, I am writing to inform you that Pine Valley Paper Products will be moving to our new building in Spokane on May 25. Our new address is 954 21st Street, WA 99082. Our new phone number is (509)555-0950 and our fax number is (509)555-0951. Our mill and production plant will remain in Lewiston at 98 Riverside Drive. And our website address will also stay the same at www.pinevalpaper.net. I am enclosing a copy of our newest catalog. It includes several new products which your company might find interesting. As always, we at Pine Valley value your business and hope to continue providing you with excellent service and products in the future. Yours truly ,

RoJ.eB~ Director of Sales Pine Valley Paper Products Inc. I


To To To To

provide production information inform a client of an address change describe new products offer a new delivery service

156. What is enclosed with the letter? (A) (B) (C) (D)

A product sample An order form A catalog A brochure


7-ravel and 2lospitality Convention The lOth annual North American Travel and Hospitality Convention will be held this year from April 5 to April 9. The Chateau Moraine Convention Center located in Banff, Alberta will play host to the convention and events this year. All those wishing to attend can register online before March 12 at www.nathc.net. On-site registration will also be available on the first day of the convention. Early Registration: J

Single: $110 I Group: $100

On-site Registration:

I

Single: $130

I Group: $120

*Group rates are per person and require more than six people registering together at the same time.

157. When is on-site registration available? (A) (B) (C) (D)

March 6 March 12 April 5 April 9

158. How much will a single visitor pay to register on March 1? (A) (B) {C) (D)

$100 $110 $120 $130

159. What restriction is placed on group rates? (A) Tickets must be paid in advance. (B) Attendees must be from the same company. (C) Payment must be made by credit card . (D) Six people must register together.

• .... 0 m

(")

"' :::

0..

"

u::J


JOB OPENING: Computerworld, sales assistant The Vancouver branch of Computerworld is currently seeking a full-time sales assistant. The sales representative is responsible for customer service in the store and assisting the sales manager with special events or promotions. Primary responsibilities include: - in-store customer assistance - outcalls tor local businesses/ organizations - writing proposals and estimates - operation of cash register for direct sales -inventory The ideal candidate tor this position should have a basic understanding of computers. Other requirements include use of word processing and simple accounting programs, and excellent people skills. Previous experience in computer sales is preferred, but not a requirement. Those interested in this position may e-mail a resume and cover letter to Melinda Gates at [email protected].

160. What position is Computerworld advertising? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Inventory manager Sales representative Accountant Computer programmer


161. According to the advertisement, what is mentioned as a requirement for the job? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Programming expertise A business degree Computer knowledge Experience in writing reports

www.nhantriviet.com

Questions 162-165 refer to the following schedule.

PaneEuropean PUots Association {PEPA) Career Fair March 2, 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Grand Ducal Hotel Milan, Italy

Schedule of Events

162. For whom is this event most likely intended? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Airline executives Pilots Flight attendants Personnel managers

163. What is the association president scheduled to discuss? (A) The future of the airline industry (B) Innovations in flight technology (C) Career advancement through training workshops (D) The development of strong resume www.nhantriviet.com

164. What will be offered in the Vittorio Room? (A) (B) (C) (D)

A seminar on new aircraft Advice on job application Information on piloting schools A workshop on aviation technology

165. What will NOT be held at the hotel? (A) (B) (C) (D)

• --<

0

m

n

Company exhibitions Registration Job counseling Lunch

"' "'

"'0.. "

<0

Actual Test 2 - 499


Klondike Historical Preservation Society 325 Range Road Whitehorse , Yukon Y1A 2C6 Canada Joanna Saunders 7582 Swan Lake Road Vernon , BC VOE 1W2 Jan . 22 Dear Ms. Saunders, I would like to extend our thanks for your support during the Klondike Historical Preservation Society's annual fundraiser. This year's country fair was even more successful than we expected. In the past few years , the number of people attending the fair has increased dramatically. It is thanks to volunteers like you that we are able to host such a large number of visitors. Without this support, we would be incredibly understaffed . I am pleased to report that $85,000 was raised at the fair this year, which far surpasses any record set at previous fairs. The funds will be used in the restoration of historic buildings in the downtown area. Thank you again for all your help and support. Jennifer Lumley President, Klondike Historical Preservation Society


To To To To

request donations thank a volunteer for support provide information about an event ask for help with a fundraiser

167. Who most likely is Ms . Lumley? (A) (B) (C) (D)

A town official A history professor An administrator of an organization A volunteer for the event

168. According to the letter, how was the recent event different from previous events? (A) (B) (C) (D)

It It It It

provided more activities. was held at a larger location . raised more money. was held downtown.


169. When did the subway resume regular service? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Monday Tuesday Saturday Sunday

171. Who does Courtney Smith work for? (A) (B) (C) (D)

The Urbania city council Cobain Transport A utility company An engineering firm

170. According to the article, what possibly caused the electrical problem? (A) (B) (C) (D)

A A A A

breakdown of the generator computer error water leak malfunction at the power station

• --<

0

m

n

"" "'"'c.

"""


NOTICE: Forest Lawn Country Club is now accepting applications for new memberships! Please be aware of the following dates: May 7: Final day of submissions for membership applicants May 10: Golf course closed for maintenance May 25: Meeting for board of directors I membership selection May 31: Welcome barbecue for new members The swimming facilities will open for all members this weekend. The hours will be 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. on weekdays and 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. on weekends. Junior men's and women's golf lessons will begin this month. You can ask for a form and register at the front desk. Please note: The outdoor patio is now open. Please remember that all members using the patio are requested to only smoke in the specified areas. Those who would like to rent a locker for this season are asked to contact Ms. Simmons at the housekeeping office. Also, remember there is no parking allowed in front of the main entrance. Any vehicles parked in that area will be towed at the owner's expense.

*If you have any other questions, please contact Lois Robinson at 555-6996 extension 4.

172. For whom in the Forest Lawn Country Club is the notice intended? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Housekeeping staff Sports instructors Members Board of directors

174. How can members register for a golf lesson? (A) (B) (C) (D)

By By By By

contacting the instructor filling out a form at the front desk calling Lois Robinson asking the director for an application

175. What will happen if a vehicle is parked in 173. When will the golf course be closed for maintenance? (A) (B) (C) (D)

May May May May

7 10 25 31


front of the main entrance? (A) (B) (C) (D)

The The The The

owner will be fined. driver will lose his membership. vehicle will be towed away. member will lose parking privileges .

www.nhantriviet.com

Questions 176-180 refer to the following article .

176. What is the article mainly about? (A) (B) (C) (D)

A A A A

company's sales reports business acquisition research project new factory construction

179. The word "estimated" in parag raph 1, line 7 is closest in meaning to (A) (B) (C) (D)

charged quoted lined deducted

177. What does Mr. Nedrickson expect the partnership to produce? (A) A reduction in office expenses (B) Additional funds for expansion (C) New opportunities in the Southeast Asian market (D) An increase in company share value

178. What is suggested in the article? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Bangkor will downsize SCT Electronics. Experts forecasted the takeover. SCT is a profitable company . Bangkor Technologies is located in Malaysia.

180. What do analysts predict about SCT Electronics? (A) (B) (C) (D)

It will go out of business. It will expand its range of products. It will make a profit in the next quarter. It will downsize the number of its employees .

I --<

0

m ("\

.,"'"' a. "

Questions 181-185 refer to the following e-mail and billing statement.

TO: Ann Wilson, Customer Service Department, SHSS FROM: Nancy Francis, Puget Sound Consulting DATE: Apr. 10 SUBJECT: Question about billing statement

I received the billing statement from your company for the recent installation of our office's new security system. We are very pleased with all the equipment and feel that our facilities are now much more secure. I did have one question about the bill. Your sales representative Kurt Vainar told us there would be no charge for installation of any equipment we purchased under the unit price of $100. However, the statement lists a $50 charge for the installation of items that cost only $70 (Please see the attachment.). Could you please contact me concerning this error as soon as possible? Please call me at (509)555-4678 within the next two days, as I will be leaving for my vacation. Thanks for your time. Sincerely, Nancy Francis Director, Puget Sound Financial Consulting Services

BILLING STATEMENT Saint Helena Security Services (SHSS) 3459 Olympic Boulevard, Tacoma, WA 99367 TO: Nancy Francis, Director of Puget Sound Consulting 839 42nd Street, 2-F Spirit Building, Seattle, WA

DATE: Apr. 7 REF. NUMBER: V-435

SUBMIT PAYMENT TO: Saint Helena Security Services P.O. Box 22872 Tacoma, WA 99367 Thank you for choosing SHSS as your security service provider. We hope to continue to supply you with all your security needs. Please contact us at (509)555-4376 or e-mail us at [email protected] for additional information or questions.



181. What type of business is Puget Sound Consulting? (A) (B) (C) (D)

A financial service provider A security firm An advertising company A conference organizer

184. What was supposed to be installed for free? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Locks Motion detectors Cameras Security lights

185. What is NOT mentioned in the statement? 182. Why did Ms. Francis write the e-mail? (A) (B) (C) (D)

To To To To

complain about a product request a price estimate ask about a billing mistake enquire about new office space

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Contact information Customer's address Bank account number Total service price

183. When is Ms. Wilson advised to call Ms. Francis? (A) (B) (C) (D)

By By By By

April April April Ap ri l

7 9 10 12

• www.nhantriviet.com

Actual Test 2 - 505


[El TO: Edna Everidge FROM: Barry Humphries SUBJECf: Shipment to Macau DATE: January 7 I am the relocation manager for Divine Investment Group. We currently have a branch office in Seoul, which we plan to move to Macau at the beginning of March. We are looking for a dependable relocation company to carry out the move. Our current moving company is Interline Moving, and they do not have as many connections in Asia as your company, which tends to hold things up. There will be three separate shipments, with the first tentatively scheduled for the end of February. The first two shipments will include office furnishings and computer equipment, and our third shipment will be documents. I do not believe any of the shipments separately will qualify for your discount. However, I believe the weight of all three shipments together will be above your required minimum. In this case, would you be willing to offer us the reduced shipping rate? Please contact me at your earliest convenience so that we can discuss your prices in detail. Thank you for your time. Sincerely, Barry Humphries

186. What is NOT indicated about Trans-Continent Relocation Services? (A) (B) (C) (D)

It It It It

has branches in 35 countries. operates a fleet of planes. owns several transport ships. offers a discount to some customers.

187. Why does Barry Humphries write to Ms . Everidge? (A) To ask about shipping fragile items internationally (B) To discuss the possibility of doing business with Trans-Continent (C) To request a meeting with a sales representative (D) To find out about maximum weight allowances

188. What is indicated about Divine Investment Group? (A) (B) (C) (D)

It It It It

189. What can be inferred about Interline Moving? (A) It doesn't have as many Asian branches as Trans-Continent. (B) Its shipping rates are higher than Trans-Continent. (C) It has not been in business as long as Trans-Continent. (D) Its customer service is not as professional as Trans-Continent.

190. What does Mr. Humphries indicate that Divine Investment Group will do in the future? (A) It will purchase new computer equipment. (B) It will ship more than 8,000 pounds of belongings. (C) It will build its new Asian headquarters offices. (D) It will purchase new office furniture.

is a computer manufacturer. offers financial advice to investors. is opening a new office in Macau. provides shipping services in Asia.

• .

::r: n

"" "' -< 0

m

n

."'"'

a. :::>

"'

Questions 191-195 refer to the following letter and e-mail.

I!JEI TO:

Katie Sagal

FROM:

Kelly Bundy

DATE:

January 11

I

·-~

I

Dear Ms. Sagal , First, I want to apologize for this mistake. Mr. O'Neil just started working in the building and was not aware that the cost of parts for all utilities is covered under Royal Suites' rental contracts . I will reimburse you for the amount you requested . I can either send you a check or deposit the money directly into your account. Please e-mail me back and let me know which method you prefer. You have been a loyal tenant, and we hope you will continue to enjoy living in Royal Suites. Sincerely, Kelly Bundy, Building Manager

191. For how long has Ms. Sagal lived at Royal

194. In the e-mail , the word "covered" in paragraph

Suites?

1, line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Two years Four years Ten years Fourteen years

192. Why did Ms. Sagal contact Ms. Bundy? (A) To report a problem with the heating system (B) To request a reimbursement (C) To ask about rental costs (D) To order a new control box

concealed revealed charged included

195. How much money does Ms. Bundy agree to send to Ms. Sagal? (A) (B) (C) (D)

$100 $160 $200 $360

193. Who most likely is Mr. O'Neil? (A) (B) (C) (D)

A building maintenance worker An engineer A deliveryman A building manager

• -<

0

m

n

."'"'

0.

"

<.C

www.nhantriviet.com

Actual Test 2 - 509

Questions 196-200 refer to the following e-mails. (9 1 .. -~.--

=

TO: Roy Scheider FROM: Stephanie Beacham SUBJECT: Arctic Natural Resource Conference DATE: June 9 Dear Mr. Scheider, I am a reporter for Canada Naturalists , a publication which deals with the preservation and protection of natural resources in Canada. I am writing about the Arctic Natural Resource Conference scheduled for July 12 at the Arctic Conservation Society. I will be unable to attend the first two days of the conference, as I have several interviews to conduct in New York and will be travelling back to Calgary at that time. However, I noticed in your brochure that you have made provision for journalists to listen to the presentations and participate in the question and answer periods online. I would appreciate further instructions about the online sessions. I expect to have Internet access on July 12 and 13 from 6:00a.m. (10:00 a.m. Pacific Daylight Time). I am interested in the following events, and would like to know which ones I would be able to take part in. - Mining in the Arctic - Wildlife Protection in Polar Regions - Climate and Environmental Changes - The Yellowknife Environmental Coalition

~

Thank you for your help in this matter.

~ 1"-:::

~~------------------------~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ j TO: Stephanie Beacham FROM: Roy Scheider, Director of the Arctic Conservation Society SUBJECT: Conference DATE: June 11 Dear Ms. Beacham, Thank you for your inquiry. We will indeed be providing reporters with access to all events that wi ll take place at the conference via the Internet here at our headquarters in Anchorage. You can take part in these events through the method listed below: I. Register as an online participant at www.ANRC.com. Once your application has been approved, you will be sent a password to your e-mail account. 2. On the day and time you wish to participate, please type in your username and password. This will open a window that will live stream all presentations. 3. For our question and answer periods, an instant messenger box is available for you to type questions. We apologize if not all questions can be answered . The schedule for the events you are interested in are as follows (all times listed are Pacific Daylight Time): -

Mining in the Arctic ... July 12, 9:00-10:00 a.m. Wildlife Protection in Polar Regions ... July 12, 1:00-3:00 p.m. Climate and Environmental Changes .. .July 13, 9:00-11 :00 a.m. The Yellowknife Environmental Coalition ... July 13, 3:00-5 :00 p.m.

~

!";

~~~----------------------------------------~~~~~~~~~~~ 510 - Hackers TOEIC Reading

www.nhantriviet.com

196. Why did Ms. Beacham write the e-mail? (A) (B) (C) (D)

To To To To

request schedule of presentations subscribe to a magazine schedule a meeting ask about event participation

199. What is NOT required if Ms. Beacham wants to take part in the online session? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Registration A password Application approval A payment

197. Where is the Arctic Conservation Society located? (A) (B) (C) (D)

New York Yellowknife Anchorage Calgary

200. Which talk will Ms. Beacham probably be unable to participate in? (A) (B) (C) (D)

Mining in the Arctic Wildlife Protection in Polar Regions Climate and Environmental Changes The Yellowknife Environmental Coalition

198. In the first e-mail , the word "provision" in paragraph 2, line 3 is closest in meaning to (A) (B) (C) (D)

arrangements supplies goods appointments

•• ..... 0

m

n

"'""

'"

Q.

"

<.0

Answers:

p. 560

512

An asterisk (*) shows the frequency of the items found in Parts 5 and 6 of the TOEIC test. The items without an asterisk are often given in incorrect answer choices.

gauge [geid3]• v. (= measure) get through• phr. good [gud] a. goods [gudz]

11. (=

item, merchandise)

Day 1

habit [hrebit]• n.

abandon [abrendan] v.

habitual [habitfual] a.

ability [abilati] n.

idea [aidi:a]• n.

accept [aksept]• v.

ideal [aidi:al]• a.

acceptable [akseptabl]• a.

idealistically [aidialistikali] ad.

accidentally [reksidentali]• ad.

idealize [aidi:alaiz] v.

accomplish [akomplifl v.

ideally [aidi:ali] ad.

according to• prep.

in an effort to•• phr.

acknowledge [rekn6lid3]• v.

international [intarnrefanal]•• a. (= global)

at all times•• phr.

internationally [intarnrefanali]• ad.

a variety of•• phr.

lasting [lrestiiJ]* a.

a vested interest• phr.

latch [lretj] n.

baggage allowance• phr.

magnification [mregnafakeifan]n.

balance [brelans] n.

maintain [meintein]•• v. (= preserve, assert)

be absent from •• phr.

name [neim]•• v. (= nominate)

calculate [krelkjuleitl v.

namely [neimli] ad.

calculated [krelkjuleitid] a.

obey [oubei] v.

calculation [krelkjuleifan]• n.

paint [peint]•• v.

care for•• phr.

paper [peipar]• n.

catch one's attention• phr.

per [par]• prep.

comprehensive [kiimprihensiv]• • a.

rainfall [reine:l]• n.

damage [dremid3]•• n., v.

raise [reiz] .. v. (= elevate)

damaged [dremid3d]•• a.

safekeeping [seifki:piiJ]• n.

damaging [dremid3ii]l a.

season [si:zan] n., v.

damagingly [dremid3iiJlil ad.

seasonal [si:zanal]•• a.

deal with•• phr.

seasoning [si:zaniiJ] n.

decide [disaid] v.

suitable [sju:tabl] a.

deciding [disaidiiJ] a.

suitably [sju:tabli] ad.

decision [disi3an]•• n.

tactics [trektiks]n.

decisive [disaisiv] a. (= critical)

talk

eager [i:gar] a.

[t~ :k]••

v., n.

to the point•• phr.

eagerly [i:garli] ad.

wage [weid3]• n.

eagerness [i:garnis] n.

wrongly [r:S:IJli] ad.

earn [a:rn]•• v. engage in • phr. faint [feint] a.

Day 2

fall in value• phr.

abate [abeit]• v.

fluently [fhi:antli] ad.

abduct [rebdAkt] v.

found [faund]• v.

accelerate [akselareit]• v.

foundation [faundeiJ
access [rekses]•• n.

founder [faundar]• n.

accessible [aksesabl]• a.

gap [grep]• n.

accessory [aksesari] n.

gate [geit]••

accordingly [ak:i:rdiiJli] ad.

11.


www.nhantriviet.com

at one's expense•• phr.

quality [kw6leti]•• n.

barely [Mrli]• ad.

randomize [rrendemaiz] v.

barring [b6 :riiJ]** prep.

randomly [rrendemli]• ad. (= irregularly)

belong [bil5IJ] t•.

rapid [rrepid]•• a.

belongings [bil5IJiiJz]• n.

rapidly [rrepidli]•• ad.

call [ko:l]• v.

rate [reit]•• n. (= percentage)

call for•• phr.

rating [reitiiJ] n.

campaign [krempein]• n.

sale [seil]•• n.

continual [kentfnjuel] a.

spontaneously [sponteiniesli] ad.

continually [kentfnjueli]•• ad.

superior [sepiarier]• a.

continuation [kentinjueifan] n.

talented [trelentid]• a.

continue [kentinju:]•• v.

tariff [trerif] n.

continuity [kontenju:eti]• n.

trouble [trt.bl]•• v., n.

continuous [kentfnjues] a.

ultimate [Altemit] a.

decline [diklain]•

understand [t.nderstrend]•• v.

t•.

(=reject)

decline in • phr.

understandable [f.nderstrendebl] a.

easily [i:zali]•• ad.

understanding [f.nderstrendiiJ]•• n., a.

easiness [i:zinis] n.

uniform [ju :neB:rm]• n.

easy [i:zi]•• a.

vacancy [veikensi] n.

established company• phr.

vacant [veikant]• a.

forever [ferever] ad.

vacate [veikeit]•• v.

gear [gier] n., v.

valor [vreler] n.

hand le [hrend!]•• v.

weaken [wi:kan] v.

have an influence on • phr.

weakness [wi:knis] n.

health [hele] .. n.

whole [houl] a.

healthful [he!eful] a. in a timely manner•• phr. intricate [intrekit]•• a.

Day 3

irregularly [iregjelerli] ad.

accomplice [ek6mplis] n.

just enough + to-infinitive•• phr.

accord [ak5:rd]

keep track of• phr.

account [ekaunt]•• n.

lag behind • phr.

accountable [ekauntebl] a.

lease [li:s]•• v., n.

accountably [ekauntebli] ad.

11.

lectu re [lektfer]• n.

accounts payable department•• phr.

mail [meil]n., t•.

acquaint [ekweint]

mailing [meiliiJ]* n.

at the latest•• phr.

make checks payable to A* phr.

be exempt from •• phr.

narrow [moerou] v., a.

beneath [binf:e] prep.

narrow down A to B•• phr.

beneficial [benefifal]• a. (= advantageous)

t•.

object [ebd3ekt]• z.•.

beneficiary [benefijieri] n.

objection [ebd3ekfanl n.

benefit [benefit]••

objective [ebd3ektiv]••

bid [bid] v.,

11.,

a.

11.

11.

objectively [ebd3ektivli] ad.

broad [bro:d]• a.

oblivious [eblivies] a.

broaden [bd:dan]•• v.

parallel [prerelel] • a.

broadly [br5:dli] ad.

qualified [kw6letaid]• a.

calm [ka:m] a.

qualify for•• phr.

calmly [k6:mli]•• ad.

•• ..... 0

n

."'"'

c.. =>

"'

calmness [kci:mnis]

11

satisfy [sretisfai] v.

candidate [krendideit]•

11.

satisfying [sretisfaiiiJ] a.

common [kaman]• a.

scrutinize [skru:tanaiz] <.'.

commonly [kamanli] ad.

send A to

decrease [dikn:s] z·.

sure [fuar]• a.

delegate [delageit]•

z·.,

11.

delegation [delageifan]•• early [a:rli]

take care of• phr. 11.

tend [tend]• z•.

a., ad.

faction [frekfan]•

under construction •• plzr.

11.

union [ju:njan]

famished [fremiftl a.

11.

update [A.pdeit] •

plzr.

fin ished product

s• phr.

1•.

verify [verafai] z•.

generalization [djenaralizeifan]n.

what the future holds for someone•• phr.

generalize [d3en.:Jralaizl , .. generally ld3en.:Jrali]•• ,IJ. generate [d3enareit]•• <. (=produce)

Day 4

generate funds pin.

above all • plzr.

graceful [greisful] a.

accommodate [akamadeit]•• ·v. (=lodge)

gracefully [greisfuli] • ad.

accurate [rekjarit]• a.

handcrafted [hrendknEftid] •

accurately [rekjaritli]•· ad.

<1.

higher salary pin.

at the time + clause• pin.

identical ]aidentikal] a.

be accompanied by•• phr.

identifiable [aidentafaiabl] a.

be reliant on•• phr.

identification [aidentafakeifan]••

11.

identify [aidentafai] ''· identity [aidentati]

11.,

z·.

capacity [kapresati]••

11.

11.

care [ker] ''·

illustrate [ilastreit] • <'. illustrator [ilastreitar]•

border [b5:rdar]

a.

careful [kerful]

carefully [kerfuli] • ad.

11.

impact [imprekt], [imprekt]•

11.,

z·.

carelessly [kerlisli]• ad.

intuitive ]intju:itivl a.

check A for 8 * plzr.

late [leit] • a., aJ.

dedicate [dedakeit]•• z•.

lately [leitli]•• ad.

dedicated [dedakeitid]· • a.

lateness [leitnis]

dedication [dedakeifan]

11.

latest [leitist]• a.

deem [di:m] v.

lessen [lesan]

defy description• phr.

1'.

maneuver [manu:var] z·.

degree [digri:]ll.

negotiation [nigoufieifan]••

elect [ilekt]•• v.

11.

election [ilekfan]

obligate [oblageit] '.

pass [pres] z•.,

11.

eliminate [ilimaneit]• <.• .

phr.

obtain A from 8

fare [fer]

11.

11.

payment upon delivery• phr.

fill [fill. v.

reach [ri:tJ]

find out phr.

reaction [rirekfan]• n.

give in to• phr.

react to pin.

grant [grrent]•• <.'.

satisfaction [sretisfrekfan]•• n.

have A in common • phr.

satisfactorily [sretisfrekt.:Jrili] ad.

honor [anar]••

satisfactory [sretisfrektari I

impair [imper] v.

satisfied [sretisfaid]• a.


11.

a.

11.,

v. (= respect)

improvement in • phr.

www.nhantriviet.com

job description• phr.

Day 5

lend [lend] ..

accompany [akAmpani]• z•.

L'.

lender [lendar] .. n.

accountant [akauntant) .. n.

level [levi] .. n.

accounting [akauntil)]

master lmrestarl ·v.

acutely [akju:tli)ad.

need [ni:d] .. z•., n.

at your earliest convenience• phr.

neediness [ni:dinis] n.

beside [bisaid] •• prep.

needlessly [nf:dlisli] ad.

besides [bisaidz]• prep., ad.

needy [ni:di] a.

blend [blend) ''·

11.

neuter [nju:tar] z·., a.

budget [b.t\d3it]• n., v.

neutra l [nju:tral] a.

categorize [kretagaraiz)z...

neutrality [nju:trrelati]••

11.

category [kretagJ:ri] n.

neutralize [nju:tralaiz] v.

claim [kleim] v.,

neutrally [nju:trali] ad.

concisely [kansaisli] ad.

neutron [nju:tran]

11.

defend [difend] v.

11.

partial [p6:rfal] a.

economic [ekan6mik] • a.

partially [p6:rfali]• ad.

economical [ekan6mikal] .. a.

partition [pa:rtifan] n.

economically [ekan6mikali] ad.

partner [p6:rtnar] n.

economics [ekan6miks]•

patronize [peitranaiz]•

L'.

economist [ik6namist]

11.

11.

permanent [pa:nnanant] .. a.

economize [ik6namaiz) v.

quick lkwik] .. a.

economy [ik6nami]•• n.

quicken [kwfkan) <'.

favor [feivar] n.

quickly [kwfkli] ad.

favorable [feivarabl]• a. (= promising)

quickness [kwfknis)

11.

favorably [feivarabli]•• ad.

rare [rer) a.

favorite [feivarit] a.

salvage [srelvid3l n.

growing [gr6ui1J]* a.

scent [sent]•

growth [grou9]

11.

search [sa:rtfl

t '.

11.

impart [imp6:rt] z•.

still [still .. ad.

in accordance with + regulation•• phr.

technical [teknikal]• a.

irrelevant [irelavant]• a.

technical description .. phr.

keep in touch with •• phr.

technicality [teknikrelati)

11 .

keep records of•• phr.

technically [teknikali]• ad.

keep the appointment• phr.

technician [teknifan) n.

largely [!6:rd3lil•• ad.

technique [teknf:k] n.

lead to + noun• phr.

technology [tekn6lad3iln.

leverage [1evarid3ln.

temporal [temparal] a.

license [laisans]•

11.

temporarily [temparerali] .. ad.

lift [lift] v.

temporary [tempareri) a.

limited capacity• phr.

unanimous (ju:nrenamas]• a.

make sure + that-clause•• phr.

valid [vrelid]• a.

manners [mrenarz] n.

validation [vreladeifan)n.

marginal [m6:rd3inl]• a.

view [vju:) z•., n. weight [weit]

11.

willing [wflilJ]*

a.

willingness [wflilJnis)ll.

marginally fm6:rd3inalil ad.

QO

m X

~

ct>

en en

a· ::::>

en

• -< 0

n ::0

.,"'

c._

match [mretfl• ''· neglect [niglekt] ' '· next to• phr.

:::> (Q

obstruct [abstr.ikt]• z•.

builder [bi!dar] n.

occasion [akei3an]n.

built-in [biltin]• a.

occasional [akei3anal] a.

bulk [bAlk]• n.

occasionally [akei3anali]• ad.

cause [ko:z] n., v.

on behalf of phr.

certifiable [sa:rtafaiabl] a.

pattern [pretarn] n.

certification [sa:rtafikeifan]•• n.

pay [pei]•• v.

certified [sa:rtafaid) a.

payment [peimant] n.

certify [sa:rtafai]• v.

periodic [piri6dik] a.

check in• phr.

periodically [piri6dikali]• ad.

collaborate [kalrebareit]• v.

place A on standby• phr.

command [kamrend] v.

play [plei] v.,

construe [kanstru:] v.

11.

(=drama)

pronouncement [pranaunsmant] n.

declaratory [diklrerat:>:ri] a.

recite [risait] z•.

declared [diklerd] a.

refrain from + V-ing• phr.

deflate [di:fleit] v.

resign [rizain] v. resignation [rezigneifan]••

emerge [ima:rd3l v. 11.

employ [impl:'>i] v.

resigned [rizaind) a.

employed [impl:'>id] a.

resignedly [rizainidli] ad.

employee [impl:'>ii:]••

seem [si:m] v.

employer [impl:'>iar]• n.

select [silekt] v.

employment [impl:'>imant]•• n.

selection [silekfan]• n.

feature [fi:tfar]•• n.

specific [spisifik]•• a. (= certain)

featured [fi:tfard] a.

specifically [spisifikali] ad.

find [faind]• v.

specification [spesafikeifan] n.

findings [faindiiJz]• n.

specification for• phr.

grip [grip] v.

specify [spesafai] v. (= state)

guided tour• phr.

straightly [streitli] ad.

implement [implamant]• v.

surface [sa:rfis] n.

inability [inabilati] n.

sustained [sasteind] a.

likelihood [laiklihiid]•• n.

tenant [tenant] n.

likely [laikli]•• a.

tire [taiar]• v.

likeness [laiknis] n.

wellness [welnis) n.

make requests• phr.

ll.

mark [mo:rk] n., v. markedly [m6:rkid!i]• ad.

Day 6

measure [me3ar] v.

above one's expectation• phr.

obtain [abtein]•• v.

accost [ak:'>:st] '<.'.

occupancy [6kjupansi] n.

accrue [akni:]• v. (=accumulate)

occupant [6kjupant] n.

accumulate [akju:mjuleit] z•.

occupation [akjupeifan]•• n.

accumulation [akjii:mjuleifan] n.

occupy [6kjupai] v.

achievement [atfi:vmant]

office efficiency• phr.

11.

adamantly [redamantli] ad.

penalty

be aimed at• phr.

pending [pendiiJ] a.

block [blok] v., n.

pessimistically [pesamistikali] ad.

brochure [broufuar]•• n.

possibility [pasabilati]• n.

build [bild]•• v.

probabilistic [prababalistik] a.


[pen<~lti]

n.

www.nhantriviet.com

probable [pr6 bah!) •• a.

fill in I out• phr.

probably [pr6babli]• ad.

finish [finif]• z•.

reason [ri:zan] n.

finished [finift]•• a.

reasonable [ri:zanabl] • a.

give out phr.

remark [rim6:rk]n., z•.

(=

comment)

hard [ho:rd]•• a.

remarkably [rim6:rkabli] ad.

harden [h6:rdan] v.

represent [reprizent] z•.

hardened [h6 :rdand] a.

representative [reprizentativ]•• n.

hardly [h6 :rdli]•• ad.

seat [si:t]•• n., v.

hardness [h6:rdnis]n.

sect [sekt]

have an impact on • phr.

11.

sentence [sentans] v.

immune [imju:n] a.

sign out• phr.

impartial [imp6:rfal] a.

take A into account• phr.

impartiality [impo:rfirelati] n.

take over•• phr.

impartially [imp6:rfali]• ad.

under the new management•• phr.

imply [implai]•• z•.

unused [Anju:zd]•• a.

impose [imp6uz] v.

utility [ju:tilati] n.

in addition pin.

utilization [ju:talizeiJan]•• n.

in addition to• phr.

utilize [jli:talaiz]• v .

incidence [insidans]

utilizer [ju:talaizar] n.

incident [insidant]ll.

with the aim of• phr.

incidental [insidenta!]•• a.

11.

incidentally [insidentali] ad. lax [lreks] • a.

Day 7

leave for• phr.

adapt [adrept]• z•.

limited [limitid]•• a.

adaptation [redapteifan] caution [k5:fan]•

make up for• phr.

11.

marriage [mrerid3]•

11.

11.

cautious [k:S:fas] a.

material [matiaria!]•

cautiously [k:S:fasli] •• ad.

materialistic [matiarialistik] a.

chance [tJrens]••

meet one's needs• phr.

11.

11.

charge [tJo:rd3]•• v.

nominal [n6manl]•• a.

commute [kamju:t]•• v.

nominally [n6manali] ad.

definitive [difinativ]•• a.

notice [n6utis]••

defy [difai]• ·v. demand [dimrend]••

11.

noticeable [n6utisabl] a. 11.,

v.

demanding [dimrendiiJ]••

(=

request)

a.

occur [aka:r] v. (= happen) odor [6udar] n.

demandingly [dimrendiiJli] ad.

pay increase• phr.

depend on• phr.

perform [parf:S:rm]• v.

desirable [dizaiarabl]• a.

performance [parf:S:rmans]••

efficiency [ifiJansi]••

perish [periJ] v.

11.

11.

•

efficient [ififant]•• a.

perishable [perifab!]••

efficiently [ifiJantli]•• ad.

a question concerning I about• phr.

__,

encase [inkeis] v.

raise questions• phr.

m

enormously [in:S:rmasli] ad.

receptacle [riseptakl]•• n.

every hour on the hour• phr.

reception [risepfan]• n.

fast [frest]•• a., ad.

receptionist [risepfanist] n.

fee [fi:] n.

receptiveness [riseptivnis] n.

www.nhantriviet.com

a.

0

n

Essential Vocabulary & Expressions - 519

."'"'

0..

::>

"'

recipient [risipiant]H.

mildly [maildli] ad.

recline [riklain] z•.

no later than• phr.

recognize [rekagnaiz]•• z·.

notification [noutafakeifan]• 11.

recommend [rekamend]• z•.

notify [n6utafai]•• v.

set [set] • v.

novelty [n6valti]n.

setting [setiiJ] n.

offer [:S:far]•• z•.

shake [Jeik]•

~·.

office [:S:fis]•• 11.

strictly [striktli]ad.

omission [oumifan] n.

terminate [ta:rmaneit]• z·.

on one's own • phr.

track [trrek] 11.

permission [parmifan] 11.

tradition [tradifan]H.

permissive [parmisiv] a.

transcribe [trrenskraib]••

~·.

unwavering [AnweivariiJ]* a.

permit [parrnit]•• z·. place an emphasis on• phr. precaution [prik:S:fan]•• n. promotional offers• phr.

Day 8

quiet [kwaiat] a.

acquire [akwaiar]• v.

quietly [kwaiatli]• ad.

addition [adifan]11.

quietness [kwaiatnis] n.

additional [adifanl]• u.

real [ri:al] a.

additionally [adifanali] ad.

realism [ri:alizm] n.

address [adres]•• z•., n.

realist [ri:alist] n.

book [buk] v.

realistic [ri:alistik]• a.

characteristic [kreriktaristik]• n.

realistically [ri:alistikali]•• ad.

chart [tfo:rt]ll.

reality [rirelati] 11.

climb [klaim] z•.

realize [ri:alaiz] z•.

consciously [k6nfasli] ad.

record [rik:S:rd]• v.

credible [kredabl] a.

regard A as B• phr.

credit [kredit]11., v.

safety precautions•• phr.

creditable [kreditabl] a.

scarce [skers] a.

delay [dilei]• 11., z•. (= postpone)

scarcely [skersli] ad.

derivation [deraveifan] n.

shield [fi:ld] v.

derive [diraiv] z•.

spend time / money on something•• phr.

electron [ilektron] n.

stringently [strind;;antli] ad.

electronic [ilektr6nik] a.

take advantage of•• phr.

electronically [ilektr6nikali]•• ad.

take steps• phr.

electronics [ilektr6niks]11.

unattached [t.natretftl a.

encircle [insa:rkl] ''· finance [finrens] 11.

unavailable [t.naveilabl] • a.

financ ial [finrenfal]••

until further notice•• phr. a.

upcoming (,\,pkAmiiJ]*• a.

financially [finrenfali] ad.

valuable [vreljuabl] a.

financing [finrensiiJ] n.

valuation [vreljueifan] n.

fire [faiar]•• z•.

value [vrelju:]•• n., ''·

guard [go:rd] z•.

valued [vrelju:d]•• a.

improve [impni:v]•• v.

with reference to phr.

improvement [impni:vmant]•• n.

work [wa:rk]•• n., v. (= labor, operate)

inaugurate [in:S:gjureit]• z·.

workplace [wa:rkpleis]• n.

line [lain]11.


www.nhantriviet.com

Day 9

place [pleis]• v.

act [rekt] z•.

placement [pleismant]

active [rektiv]• a.

potentially [patenfali]• ad.

11.

(=

actively [rektivli] ad.

prospective employee• phr.

activeness [rektivnis] n.

recent [ri:snt]•• a.

activity [rektivati]•• n.

recently [ri:sntli]•• ad.

advance [advrens]•• n.

redesign [ri:dizain] • v.

advantage [advrentid3]•• n.

securable [sikjtiarabl] a.

adversely [redva:rsli] ad.

secure [sikjtir] a., v.

be applied to• phr.

securely [sikjtir!i]•• ad.

check [tfek]•• n., v.

security [sikjtiarati]• n.

choice [tf:>is]• n.

sensation [senseifan] n.

clear something through customs• phr.

sense [sens]•• n.

close [klouz], [klous]•• z•.,

shock [Jok]•• v., n.

a.

closed [klouzd]• a.

shop [fop] z•.

closedown [kl6uzdaun] n.

strongly [str5:I]li]• ad.

closely [kl6usli]•• ad.

thorough [Sa:rou] a.

closeness [kl6usnis]

staffing)

thoroughly [Sa:rouli]•• ad.

11.

comply [kampllii]•• v.

thoroughness [ea:rounis] n.

consequently [k6nsakwentli] ad.

transfer [trrensfa:r], [trrensfa:r]• z•., n.

develop into phr.

transferable [trrensfa:rabl]** a.

encourage [inka:rid3l* v.

transference [trrensfa:rans]11.

encouragement [inka:rid3mant]••

11.

unbiased [t..nbaiast]• a.

encouraging [inka:ridjil)]* a.

uncertain [Ailsa:rtan]* a.

except [iksept]•• prep.

unlimited miles•• phr.

except for•• prep.

upgrade [t..pgreid]• v.

excepting [ikseptil)] prep.

violation [vaialeifan]•

exception [iksepfan]•• n.

widely admired • phr.

exceptional [iksepfanl]•• a.

worth [wa:re]•• a., n.

exceptionally [iksepfan<1li]• ad.

worthwhile [wa:rehwail] a.

fit (fit]*

worthy [wa:roi] a.

Z'.

11.

(=

infringement)

focus on •• phr. go shopping • phr. impatient [impeifant] a.

Day 10

include [inklti:d]•• v.

account for• phr.

inclusion [inkhi:3an] n.

add [red] z•.

inconsistency [inkansistansi]•• n.

addict [adikt] v.

list [list]• n., v.

advance in •• phr.

means [mi:nz]•• 11.

advice [advais]•• 11.

med iation [mi:dieifan]11.

advisable [advaizab!]•• a.

of one's choice•• phr.

advise [advaiz]•• v.

operate [6pareit] v. (= work, run)

advisor, adviser [redvaizar]••

operation [opareifan]•• n.

advisory [advaizari] a.

operational [opareifan!]•• a.

afterwards [reftarwardz] ad.

operative [6pareitiv] a.

announce [anauns]• ·v.

• 11.

operator [6pareitar]• n.

announcement [anaunsmant]• n.

peak [pi:k]•• v.

be associated with ** phr.

--<

0

n

"' "'"'

0..

:::1
boost [bu:st] v.

petition [patiJan] n.

broad knowledge• phr.

phase [feiz] n.

clear A from B• phr.

pledge [pled3l v.

collate [kaleit] v.

precisely [prisaisli] ad.

concentrate [k6nsantreit]• v.

redemption [ridempfan]n.

contributor to• phr.

refine [rifain] v.

criticize [kritisaiz]• v.

reflect [riflekt]•• v. (= demonstrate)

current [ka:rant]• a.

relate [rileit] v.

currently [ka:rantli]• ad.

relation [rileiJan]•• n.

defective [difektiv]• a.

relative [relativ]n., a.

delicate [delakit]• a.

relatively [relativli]•• ad.

deliver [dilivar]• z•.

series [siri:z]n.

deliverable [dilivarabl] a.

shrink UriiJk]• ·v.

deliverance [dilivarans] n.

tend + to-infi nitive• phr.

delivery [dilivari]••

translation [trrensleifan]••

11.

11 .

dramatic [dramretik]• a.

undoubtedly [Andautidli]• ad.

dramatically [dramretikali]•• ad.

usual [jli:jual] a.

electric [ilektrik] a.

usually [ju:3uali]•• ad.

electricity [ilektrisati]• n.

withdraw [wiodro:] v. (= take out)

endurance [indjuarans] n.

withdrawal [wiodro:al] n.

engrave [ingreiv]• v . flow [flou] v., n. happily [hrepali]• ad.

Day 11

imperative [imperativ]• a. (= essential)

acquaint someone with someone/someth ing• phr.

inconvenience [inkanvi:njans]• n.

adequate [redakwit]• a.

increase [inkri:s]•• v. (= grow)

adhere [redhfari v.

increasing [inkri:siiJ]•• a.

adjust [ad3A.st] z>.

increasingly [inkri:siiJli]•• ad.

agenda [ad3enda]•• n.

incur [inka:r] v.

aggression [agrefan]n.

indecision [indisi3an]

aggressive [agresiv] a.

11.

key [ki:]•• a.

aggressively [agresivli]•• ad.

last [!rest]•• a.

aggressiveness [agresivnis]

lend A to B• phr.

agree [agrf :]•• v.

locate [l6ukeit]•• v.

agreement [agri:mant]•• n.

location [loukeifan]••

n.

ahead [abed]•• ad.

11.

medic [medik] n.

be aware of• phr.

medical [medikal]• a.

be capable of•• phr.

medically [medikali] ad.

busy [bizi]• a.

medicate [medikeit] z•.

chronological [kranal6d3ikal]• a.

medicinal [madisanal]•

clarification [klrerafakeifan]• n.

a.

meet [mi:t]•• v. (=satisfy, encounter)

clarify [klrerafai]•• v.

moreover [mo:r6uvar] ad.

clarity [klrerati] n.

on the recommendation of* phr.

clear [klir]•• a., v.

opponent [ap6unant] n.

clearance [klirans] n.

opportunity [apartli:nati]

11.

clearly [klirli]•• ad.

oppose [ap6uz] v.

clearness [klirnis] n.

opposition [apazifan]•• n.

collaborate on•• phr.


www.nhantriviet.com

commitment to•• phr.

procession [prasefan] n.

consider [kansidar]•• v.

refresh [rifref] v.

considerable [kansidarabl] •• a.

refreshment [rifrefmant]

11.

considerably [kansidarabli]• ad.

solicit [salisit]• v. (= ask)

considerate [kansidarit] a.

subsequent [s,\bsikwant]•• a.

consideration [kansidareif
superb attention to detail* phr.

considering [kansidariiJ]•• prep.

transmit [trrensmit] v.

constraint [kanstreint]• n.

visit [vizit]•• v.

dedication to•• phr. delighted [dilaitid]• a. demolish [dimalifl v .

Day 12

digit [did3it]n.

adopt [adapt] v.

dimension [dimenfan]IL

agree on• phr.

diminish [diminifl

~·.

agree with ** plzr.

disqualified [diskwalafai.d] a.

aim [eim]•• n., v.

do one's utmost• phr.

alike [alaik] ad.

enroll [inr6ul] v.

alliance [alaians]

ensure [infliar]•• v.

be cognizant of• phr.

entrance [entrans] n.

be suitable for•• phr.

11.

entry [entri]•• n. (= admission)

borrow [barou]•

especially [ispefali] ad.

combination [kombaneifan]• n.

fascinate [fresaneit]• ·v.

combined [kambaind]• a.

t'.

fascinating [fresaneitiiJ]•• a.

compensate [kampanseit]•• v.

fascination [fresaneifan] n.

compete [kampi:t]• v.

follow up on• plzr.

competition [kOmpitifan]•• n. (=rivalry)

force [f:>:rs]• n., v.

competitive [kampetitiv]•• a.

halt [bo:lt]•

~·.

competitor [kampetitar] n.

have every intention of + V-ing• plzr.

deprive [dipraiv] v.

indicate [indakeit]•• v.

deride [diraid] v.

indication [indakeifan]•• n.

derision [diri3an]n.

indicative [indikativ] a.

enclose [inkl6uz] v.

inherently risky•• phr.

enclosed [inkl6uzd]•• a.

least [li:st] a.

enclosure [inkl6u3arl n.

mention [menfan]•• v.

enhance [inhrens]••

message [mesid;>]*

enter [en tar] ••

11.

~·.

~·.

migration [maigreifan]n.

envelope [envaloup]••

mostly [m6ustli] ad.

envelopment [invelapmant]

nominate [namaneit]• v.

eventually [iventfuali]•• ad.

nomination [nomaneifan] n.

exposure to•• phr.

optimist [aptamist]

fiscal year•• phr.

n.

11. 11.

t•., 11.

optimistic [optamistik]•• a.

focus [f6ukas]•

optimistically [optamistikali] ad.

forbidden [farbidan] a.

optimize [aptamaiz]• ·v.

forecast [f5:rkrest]n., ~·.

phone [foun]n., z•.

give someone one's support• plzr.

photographer [fatagrafar]• n.

heavily [bevi!i]•• ad.

piece [pi:s] n.

heaviness [bevinis]n.

process [proses]•• n., v.

heavy [bevi]• a.

www.nhantriviet.com

-< 0

m

,...,

"' "' '" :::> "'

0..


house [haus] v.

almost [o:lmoust]• ad.

in advance• pltr.

altruism [!Eltruizm]n.

inclination [inkhmeifan] n.

analysis [an!Elisis)•• n.

incline [inklain] v.

analyst [rena list] n.

indulge [inc!Aldj) z•.

analyze [!Enalaiz]• z•.

ineptitude [ineptitju:d]

11.

around the world* phr.

inside [insaid) prep.

be comparable to•• phr.

itinerary [aitinareri]••

be compatible with ** phr.

11.

listen to•• phr.

come from phr.

norma l [no:rmal) a.

comment [kament]

normalcy [n:'>:rmalsi]

11.

commerce [kama:rs]•

11.

11.

normality [m:rm!Elati) n.

compile [kampai!]• v.

normally [no:rma!i]• ad.

complain [kamplein]•• v.

option [apfan)11.

complaint [kampleint]••

perfect [pa:rfikt]• a.

describe [diskraib)• v.

11.

perfection [parfekJ
description [diskripfo::m]•• 11.

perfectly [pa:rfiktli]• ad.

entitle [intaitl]• v.

pioneer [paianiar]• plan [plren]•

11.,

equip [ikwip] v.

11.

z•.

equipment [ikwipmant]ll. (= apparatus)

plate [pleit] n.

follow [falou]•• v.

precede [prisi:d] v.

following [falouiiJ] a., prep.

proficient [prafiJant] a.

for free• phr.

recover [rikA var)• v.

form [f:>:rm]••

refuse [rifju :z]• v.

formal [f:'>:rmal]•• a.

regard [riga :rd)• z•.

formality [f:>:rmrelati] n.

regarding [riga :rdiiJ]** prep.

formalize [fo:rmalaiz] v.

regardless [riga:rdlis]•• ad.

formally [f:'>:rmali] ad.

regardless of• phr.

formalness [fo:rrnalnis] n.

regret [rigret]

11.,

v.

11 .

formation [f:>:rrneifan] n.

regrettably [rigretabli]•• ad.

herein [hiarin] ad.

settlement [setlmant]

highly qualified • phr.

shape [Jeip]

11.

in celebration of•• phr.

11.

infusion [infju:3an] n.

sheet lfi.:t] n. solve [salv] v. sophisticate [safistakeit] v.,

ingredient [ingri:diant) 11.

11.

in the foreseeable future •• phr.

sophisticated [safistakeitid] •• a.

jeopardize [d3epardaiz] z•.

sophistication [saflstakeifan] • 11.

logic [ladjik]lz.

tight [tait]• a.

luggage [lfi.gid3]• n. (= baggage)

tightly [taitli]•• ad.

momentum [maumentam]• n.

tightness [taitnis] n.

necessarily [nesaserali]•• ad.

transpire [trrenspaiar] v.

necessary [nesaseri) a.

unclaimed [Ankleimd)• a.

necessitate [nasesiteit] z•.

without a doubt• phr.

necessity [nasesati]n. next [nekst]•• a. note [nout]• v.

Day 13

on the waiting list•• phr.

affix [afiks]•• v.

order [:'>:rdar]•• v.


www.nhantriviet.com

organize [o:rganaiz]•• v.

commit oneself to•• phr.

outcome [autkAm] 11.

commitment [kamitmant]•• 11.

[pa:rso:~no:~l]•

personal

committee [kamfti]•

a.

personality [pi:usanffilati] personalize [pa:rsanalaiz] personally

[pa:rso:~no:~li]••

11.

~·.

ad.

completely [kampli:tii]•• ad. completeness [kampli:tnis] n. completion

plenty [plenti] n.

11.

complete [kampli:t]•• v., a.

[kampli:fo:~n]•

n.

point [point]11.

concede [kansi:d] zo.

policy [palisi]• 11.

design [dizain]•• v.

predict [pridikt]•• v.

designated [dezigneitid]•• a.

prediction

[pridikfo:~n]ll.

designed [dizaind] a.

pretty [priti] ad.

destroy [distr:Si] v.

prior to•• phr.

direct someone to somewhere phr.

public [pA.blik] a.

discouragement [diska:rid3mantl

regular [regjular] ••

regularity [regjulffirati] 11.

embarrassing [imbrerasiiJ]* a.

regularize [regjularaiz] v .

escalate [eskaleit] v. [eskaleifo:~n]ll.

regularly [regjular!i]• ad.

escalation

reimbursement [ri:imba:rsmant]•• 11.

escalator [eskaleitar] ••

reject [rid3ekt]•• z•.

final

sharp Uo:rp]

finalize

rapid)

a. (=

short Uo:rt]•• a. shorten

[fain;:~ I] •

finally

U:S:rto:~n]

[faino:~Ji]••

v.

ad.

forfeit [f:>:rfit]•• z•.,

z•.

11.

forfeiture [f:>:rfitfar]

show Uou]n., z•.

hesitantly

suddenly [sA.dnli] ad.

hesitate [heziteit] z•.

[t6uto:~I]••

hesitation

a.

11.

a.

[faino:~laiz]

shortly U:S:rtli]• ad.

total

11.

[hezito:~ntli]••

[heziteifo:~n]

ad.

n.

uncommon [Ankaman] a.

improper [impropar]•• a.

use [ju:z], [ju:s]••

inaccurate [inrekjurit]• a.

'1'.,

11.

eligible [elidjabl]•• a.

a.

n.

used [ju:zd] a.

inhalation

usefulness [ju:sfulnis]

11.

user [jti:zar]• 11.

[inhaleifo:~n]• 11.

inhale [inheil] v. [inhibifo:~n]

inhibition

n.

join [djoin]•• v. legible [Jedjabl] a.

Day 14

liable [laiab!]• a.

alert [ala:rt] v.

live broadcast• phr.

apart [ap6:rt]•• ad. apparatus apparel

[~parretas]

[apffiro:~IJ•

make telephone calls• phr. n.

11.

appearance [apirans] 11.

pollutant [palu:tant]•• n.

aside from • phr.

pollute [palu:t] v.

be concerned about• phr.

polluted [palu:tid] a.

be conscious of•• phr.

pollution

be native to•• phr.

post [poust]•• z•.

come in + ordinal number phr.

regulate [regjuleit] ''·

commission

[kamifo:~n]ll.

commit [kamit]

t'.

www.nhantriviet.com

•

merge [ma:rd3]•• z•. orientate [:S:rienteit]• v.

--< 0

[pahi:fo:~n]lt.

m

n

"' "' "'

0..

regulation

[regjuleifo:~n]••

regulatory

[regjulato:~ri]

=>

n.

10

a.

Essential Vocabulary & Expressions

525

relay [rilei] v.

cordially [k:J:rd3ali]•• ad.

relevance [relavans]n.

departed [dip<'i:rtid] a.

reliability [rilaiabflati] n.

detach [ditretjl•• v.

reliable [rilaiab!]•• a.

dish [dijl n.

reliably [rilaiabli] ad.

escort [esko:rt]•• v.

reliance [ri!aians] n.

establish [istreb!ifl• v.

rely on• phr.

established [istrebliJt]• a.

routinely [ru:tf:n!i]• ad.

establishment [istreblifmant] n.

sight [sait]• n.

evaluate [ivreljueit]• v. (= assess)

sign [sain]• n. signed [saind]

evaluation [ivreljueifan]•• n. a.

fiscal [fiskal]•• a.

speculate [spekjuleit] v.

for more details• phr.

speculation [spekjuleifan] n.

highly [hai!iJ•• ad.

speculative [spekjuleitiv] a.

horizontal [haraz<'intal] a.

stand in for• p/17'.

in combination with ** phr.

thanks to• phr.

in conclusion • phr.

transport [trrensp5:rt] v.

inquire [inkwaiar]• v.

transportable [trrensp5:rtabl] a.

inquiry [inkwaiari] n.

transportation [tnimsparteifan]•• n.

insert [insa:rt]• v. insertion [insa:rfan]n. instantly recognizable• phr.

Day 15

jurisdiction [d3uarisdikfan] n.

afford [af:l:rd] v.

monologue [monahg] n.

affordable [af:>:rdabl] • a. (= inexpensive)

overhead compartment• phr.

age [eid3l .. n.

performance appraisals* phr.

ageless [eid3lisl a.

postage [p6ustid3]11.

alleviate [alf:vieit]• v. (= relieve)

power [pauar] n.

allocate [relakeit]• v.

powerful [pauarful]•• a.

apparent [aprerant]•• a.

prescribe [priskraib]• v.

apparently [aprerant!i]• ad.

prescription [priskripfan] n.

appeasement [apf:zmant]n.

present [prizentl. [prezant]• v., a.

applause [apl5:z]n.

presentable [prizentabl] a.

appliance [aplaians] n.

presentation [pri:zanteifan] n.

applicant [replakant]•• n. appl ication [replakeifan]••

presenter [prizentar] n. 11.

presently [prezantli]•• ad.

applied [aplaid]•• a.

prohibit [prouhibit]• v.

apply [aplai]•• v.

prompt [prompt] a., v.

assign A to s•• phr.

prompter [pr<'imptar]n.

be consistent with • phr.

prompting [pr<'imptiiJ] n.

be contingent on• phr.

promptly [pr<'imptli]•• ad.

cognizant [kognizant]• a.

promptness [pr<'imptnis] n.

come into effect•• phr.

release [rili:s]• v.

communicate [kamju:nakeit] v.

remain [rimein]•• v .

communication [kamju:nakeifan]• n.

remainder [rimeindar]•• n.

communicator [kamju:nakeitar] n.

remember [rimembar] z•.

concern [kansa:rn]•• v., n.

remembrance [rimembrans] n.

concerning [kansa:rniiJ]•• prep.

remind [rimaind]•• v.


www.nhantriviet.com

remittance [rimitans] n.

look for• phr.

situation [sitfueifan]n.

look into•• phr.

skill [skill n.

look over•• phr.

spend [spend]•• v.

minimal [minamal] a.

spending [spendiiJ]* n.

minimally [minamali]• ad.

spoil [sp:>il] z•.

minimize [minamaiz] v.

visi ble [vizabl]••

minimum [minamam]••

a.

1!.

missing [misiiJ]* a. modify [m6dafai] v.

Day 16

morale [marrel]• n.

adequately [redakwitli]•• ad.

more than adequate• phr.

allow [alau]•• v.

nevertheless [nevaroales] ad.

allowance [alauans]• n.

outdated [autdeitid] a.

alter [:J:ltar]• z•.

outstanding [autstrendiiJ]* a.

annual [renjual]• a.

overbear [ouvarber] v.

approach [apr6utfl n., v.

overcome [ouvarkhm]• v.

appropriately [apr6upriitli]* ad.

petty [peti] a.

be dedicated to• phr.

plain [plein] a.

be divided into• phr.

poor [pur]•• a.

bring [bril)]•• z•.

poorly [purli]• ad.

come to an end * phr.

practice [prrektis]

conclude [kanklti:d]

~·.

H.,

v.

preamble [pri:rembl] rz.

conclusion [kankhi:3an]•• n.

precept [pri:sept]

conclusive [kanklti:siv] a.

prefer [prifa:r]• v.

conclusively [kankhi:sivli] ad.

preferably [prefarabli]• ad.

11.

correctly [karektli]•• ad.

preference for•• phr.

deteriorate [ditiariareit]• v.

profess [prafes] v.

detract [ditrrekt] v.

profession [prafeJan]

distraction [distrrekfan] n.

professional [prafefanal]• a.

evidence [evidans] n.

professionalism [prafeJanalizam] n.

11.

evident [evidant] a.

professionally [prafeJanali] ad.

evidential [evidenfal] a.

proper [pr6par] a.

evidently [evidantli]• ad.

reach solutions• phr.

examine [igzremin]• v.

reluctant [ril..\ktant] a.

example [igzrempl]• rz.

remote [rim6ut] a.

forward [f:J:rward]•• ad.

report [rip:S:rt]•

forwarding [f:J:rwardiiJ] n.

secondary effect•• phr.

in conjunction with * phr.

shortage [f:J:rtid3]•• n.

in contrast phr.

slowdown [sl6udaun]• n.

11.,

v.

insist [insist] v.

state [steit] v.,

inspect [inspekt]•• v.

timely [taimli]•• ad.

interest in• phr.

travel [trreva!]• v., n.

H.

• : J:

..

"'n ,...

introduce [intradju:s]•• v.

-I

introduction [intradAkJan]• n.

n

0

.

::0

justify [d3..\stafai]• z•.

Day 17

light [lait] a.

anxious [ffiiJkfas] a.

likeable [laikabl] a.

approval [apru:val]••

www.nhantriviet.com

a. "' ::> <0

H.


approve [apru:v]•• z·.

premium [pri:miam]• n.

approved [apru:vd] a.

preside [prizaid]• v.

approvingly [apru:viiJii]aJ.

press [pres] z•.

be entitled to + right/title• phr.

pressure [prefar]•• n.

be equipped with • phr.

proportion [prap:S:I:fan]••

be faced with•• phr.

renew [rinju:]•• v. (=extend)

compensate someone for somethi ng•• phr.

re newal [rinjll:al]• n.

11.

complex [kompleks]•• n.

repeated [ripi:tid]• a.

compliance [kamplaians]n.

repeatedly [ripi:tidli]• ad.

compliment [k6mplamantl

repetition [repatifan)

11.

complimentary [komplamentari]• a. component [kamp6unant]

11.

(= part)

11.

repetitiously [repatifasli] ad. revise [rivaiz] ''·

conduct [kandAkt]•• <'.

revision [rivi3an]•

confide [kanfaid] z•.

seldom [seldam]• • ad.

11.

confidence [k6nfidans]

11.

simple [simp!] a.

confident [k6nfidant] ••

a.

simplicity [simplisati] n.

confidential [konfidenfal] a.

simplify [simplafai] z•.

develop [divelap]•• <'.

simply [simpli]•• ad.

developer [divelapar] n.

size [saiz]•• n.

developing [divelapiiJ]•• u.

slight [slait]a.

development [divelapmant]** exceed [iksi:d]••

11.

slightly [slaitli]• ad. slightness [slaitnis] n.

<.'.

exclude [iksklu:d]• z•. exclusion [iksklu:3an]

spectator [spekteitar] n. staff [stref]•

11.

exclusively [iksklu:sivli]•• ad. exclusiveness [iksklu:sivnis] exclusivity [eksklu:siviti]

11.

stage [steid3]• 11.

11.

11.

stimulate [stimjaleit]•• z•. stir [sta:r]•• z•.

foster [f:5:star]• v.

tax on • phr.

fragment lfrregmant]n.

undecided [t.nd.isaidid) a.

in comparison with • phr.

upcoming mayoral e lection • phr.

in compliance with + regulation phr. instigate [instageit] v. instrument [instramant]

11.

(= apparatus)

Day 18

interest [intarist]•• n.

advocate of• phr.

interested [intaristid] •• u.

annex [reneks] v.,

interesting [intaristil)]•• a.

aptitude [reptitju:d] n.

kindly [kaindli]• ad.

arbitration [o:rbitreifan]•

look forward to + noun/V-ing•• phr.

arbitrator [6:rbitreitar] n.

motion [m6ufan]• n.

assist with •• phr.

nicely [naisli]• ad.

be full of• phr.

overdrawn [ouvardr5:n] u.

be happy with• phr.

11.

11 .

overexpose [ouvariksp6uz] v.

be ideal for• phr.

pleasant [plezant] a.

compete for + objective• phr.

please [pli:z]•• z•.

concur [kanka:r] v.

pleased [pli:zd]• a.

concurrence [kanka:rans]

pleasurable [ple3arabl] a.

concurrent [kanka:rantl a.

pleasure [plejarl ••

concurrently [kanka:rantli]•• ad.

n.


11.

www.nhantriv1et.com

confirm [kanfa:rm]••

receive [risi:v]•• <:'.

11.

confirmation [konfarmeifan]•• confirmed [kanfa:rmd]•

11.

received [risi:vd] a. renovate [renaveit]•

a.

'i:'.

(= refurbish)

conform [kanf;):rm] z·.

renovation [renaveifan]•

contact [kontrekt]••

rent [rent]

11., 'i:'.

'i:'.,

11.

n.

reservation [rezarveifan]•

diagnose [daiagnous]z•. diagnosis [daiagn6usis]•

11.

reserve [riza:rv]• n., z•. (= retain, book)

11.

diagnostic [daiagnostik] a.

reserved [riza:rvd]• a.

diagnostically [daiagnostikali] ad.

resolution [rezaljti:fan]•

enlightening [inlaitaniiJ]* a.

separately [separitli]•• ad.

execute [eksakju:t] z•. (= perform)

separation [separeifan]

exile [egzail]

stamp [stremp]ll.

11.

11.

11.

expand into• phr.

standard [strendard]•

fixed [fikst] a.

statement [steitmant]• n.

frequency [frf:kwansi]17.

streamline [stri:mlain]•• v.

frequent [frf:kwant] a.

thereafter [oerreftar]•• ad.

11.

frequently [frf:kwantli]•• ad.

unbearably [f.nberabli]•• ad.

huge [hju:d3l a.

work extended hours• phr.

hugely [hjti:d3lilad. implicate [implakeit]• v. implication [lmplakeifan]••

11.

Day 19

incomparable [inkomparabl] a.

allergic reaction• phr.

incompetent [inkompitant]•

anticipate [rentisapeit]•• ·v.

11.

apologize [ap6lad3aiz]• z•.

in detail** phr. in effect• • phr.

apology for•• phr.

in preparation for•• phr.

appeal [api:l] • z·.,

institute [fnstitju:t]

architect [o:rkitekt]• n.

'i:'., 11.

area [earia]•

instruct [instr.\kt] '-'· instruction linstr.\kfan] knowledge [nolidj]*

11.

11.

11.

arena [ari:na]ll. atmosphere [retmasflar]••

11.

monitor [monitar]• z•. (= check)

be in charge of• phr.

monotone [monatoun] a.

be interested in•• phr.

mounting [mauntil)]* a.

be involved in•• p!tr.

11.

overall [ouvar5:1]• a.

busy telephone lines• phr.

overdue [ouvardjti:]•• a.

coming [kAmiiJ]*

overlap [ouvarlrep] v.

comply with + regu lation•• phr.

11.

overlay [ouvarlei] <:'.

confront [kanfr.\nt] v.

premonition [pri:manifan]n.

confuse [kanfjti:z] v.

preparation [prepareif
confusion [kanfjti:3an]•

prepare [priper 1''·

connection [kanekfan]H.

prevent [privent]•• v.

conquest [konkwest] n.

preventable [priventabl] a.

conserve [kansa:rv]•• v.

prevention [privenfan]17.

differ [difar]•• v.

preventively [priventivli] ad.

difference [difarans] n.

price [prais] v.,

different [difarant]•• a.

11.

(= envi ronment)

11.

• --;

0

m

n

"' "'"'c.. "

<0

prosperity [prasperati]•• receipt [risf :t]

11.

11.

differently [difarantli]•• ad. dilute [diljti:t]• '-'·

entire [intaiar] a.

strategical [strati:d3ikal] a.

entirely [intaiarli]•• ad.

strategically [strati:d3ika!i]• ad.

exhibit [igzibit] v. (= display)

strategist [strretid3ist]

existence [igzistans]

n.

11.

strategize [strretid3aiz] v.

existing [igzfstiiJ]* a.

strategy [strretid3i]•• n.

expand [iksprend]•• z•.

thickly [9fkli] ad.

expanse [iksprens] n. expansion [iksprenfan]•• n. expansive [iksprensiv]•• a.

Day 20

go through phr.

appear [apfar] • v.

have no idea• phr.

appoint [apoint] <.•. (= name)

hurt [ha:rt] z•.

arrival [araival] n.

immediately [imi:diatli]•• ad.

aspiration [respareifan] n.

in ending phr.

backward [brekward] ad.

intend [intend]

'
(= plan)

be irrelevant to• phr.

intensify [intensafai] "'·

be known for• phr.

intensive [intensiv] a.

complimentary light breakfast• phr.

international flight• phr.

concentrate on •• phr.

interviewer [intarvjii.:ar]• n.

console [kans6ul] v.

live [laiv]• a.

consolidate [kans6lideit]•• "'·

manage [mrenid3]•• z•. (=handle)

consolidation [kansalideifan]

11.

manageable [mrenidjabl]•• a.

consolidator [kans6lideitar]n.

management [mrenid3mant]•• n.

designated area•• phr.

manager [mrenid3ar]•• n. (=supervisor)

direct [direkt] v., a.

managing [mrenid3il)l a.

direction [direkfan] n.

monopolize [man6palaiz]• v.

directive [direktiv] a.

monopoly [man6pa!i]• n.

directly [direktli]•• ad.

overhead [6uvarhed]• a.

director [direktar] n.

overpower [ouvarpauar] v.

disallow [disalau] v.

overpriced [ouvarpraist] a.

expect [ikspekt]•• z•.

polite [palait] a.

expectancy [ikspektansi] n.

politely [palaitli]•• ad.

expectant [ikspektant] a.

politeness [pahlitnis] n.

expectantly [ikspektantli] ad.

president [prezidant]• n.

expectation [ekspekteifan]•• n.

print [print]• z•.

expected [ikspektid]•• a.

proceed [prasi:d]•• v.

expedite [ekspidait]•• z•.

proceeding [prasi:diiJ]* n.

fumes [fju:mz] n.

procrastinate [proukrrestaneit]• v.

function [fAIJkfan]• n.

repair [ripear]•• v.

furniture [fa:rnitfar]••

repairable [ripearabl]

a.

11.

give a speech* phr.

resource [ri:s3:rs] n.

incorrect [inkarekt]• a.

resourceful [riso:rsful] a.

in error•• phr.

seriously [sfriasli]• ad.

in excess of phr.

speak [spi:k]•• <.'.

in reply•• phr.

step [step]••

interpret [inta:rprit] v.

11.

stratagem [strretad3aml n.

interpretation [inta:rpriteifan]••

strategic [stratf:djik]•• a.

interpreter [inta:rpritar] n.


11.

www.nhantriviet.com

invention [invenfan] n.

appreciation [apd:fieifan]• n.

loath [lou9] a.

approximate [apr6ksameit] v.

local [l6ukal]•• a.

approximately [apr6ksamitli]• ad. (= rough ly)

locale [loukrel] n.

approximation [apraksameifan] n.

locality [loukrelati] n.

asset [reset]• n.

localization [loukalazeifan]• n.

assimilation [asimaleifan]n.

localize [l6ukah'liz] v.

beforehand [bif5:rhamd]• ad. be liable + to- infinitive• phr.

locally [16uka!i]•• ad. maturity [matjtiarati]••

11.

be made of** phr.

on arrival ** phr.

be noted for• phr.

on the wane• phr.

comparable [k6mparabl] a.

popular [p6pjalar] .. a.

compare [kamper]• v.

produce [pradjti:s]• v .

comparison [kamprerisan]•• n.

producer [pradjti:sar]n.

compatible [kampretabl]• a.

producible [pradjti:sabl] a.

construct [kanstrA.kt] v.

product [pr6dakt] n.

construction [kanstrA.kfan]••

production [pradAkJan]•• n.

constructive [kanstrA.ktiv] • a.

productive [pradAktiv] a.

constructor [kanstrA.ktar] n.

productively [pradAktivli] ad.

consult [kansA.lt] v.

productivity [proudaktivati]•• n.

consultant [kansA.ltant]•• n.

prohibit A from + V-ing • phr.

container [kanteinar]• n.

prudent [prti:dant] a.

contentment [kantentmant] n.

replace [ripleis]•• v.

contest [k6ntest] n.

replace A with B* phr.

contestant [kantestant] n.

reply [riplai] v.

dependent [dipendant] a.

responsibility [rispansabilati]•• n.

disappoint [disap5int]•• v .

responsible [risp6nsab!]•• a.

disappointed [disap5intid]* a.

responsibly [risp6nsabli] ad.

disappointing [disap5intiiJ] a.

result [rizA.lt]•• n., v.

disappointment [disap5intmant]•• n.

severely [sivirli]• ad.

disband [disbrend] v.

somewhat [sA.mhwt..t] ad.

discharge [distJ6:rd3l* z•. (=release)

strike [straik] v.

discourage A from B** phr.

striking [straikiiJ]*

a.

struggle [strA.gl] v. study [stA.di]• n.,

~!.

11.

durability [djuarabilati] n. durable [djtiarab!]•• a. (= s ustainable) duration [djureifan] n.

subject [sA.bd3ikt]•• n., v.

equal [i:kwal]• a.

subjection [sabd3ekJan] n.

equally [i:kwali]•• ad.

unexpected [t..nikspektid]• a.

equivalent [ikwivalant] a.

unfair [Anfer 1a.

expend [ikspend] v.

unfairly [Anfer li]• ad.

expenditure [ikspenditfar]n. (= expense)

unfairness [Anfernis] n.

experience [ikspirians]•• n.

visual [vi3ua!]• a.

experienced [ikspirianst]• a. for the sake of phr. incidental expenses• phr.

Day 21

in good condition • phr.

annotated [renouteitid] a.

invalidate [invrelideit] v.

appreciate [apri:fieit]• z•. (= enjoy)

marketing on • phr.

--<

0

motivate [m6utaveit]

~·.

convenience [kanvf:njans]••

11.

motivation [moutaveifan] 11.

convenient [kanvi:njant]•• a.

near [nir]• prep., a.

conveniently [kanvi:njant!i]•• ad.

nearly [nirli]•• ad.

convention [kanvenfan] n.

nearness [nirnis] 11.

convergence [kanva:rd3ans]

observably [abza:rvabli] ad.

disclose [diskl6uz] z•. (= reveal)

observance [abza:rvans]•• n.

discontinue [diskantinju:]• z•.

observant [abza:rvant] a.

discount [diskaunt]•• v., n.

observantly [abza:rvantli] ad.

draft [dneft] n.

observation [abzarveiJ
experiment [iksperamant] n.

observatory [abza:rvab:ri] n.

expertise [ekspa:rti:z]• n.

observe [abza:rv] v. (= follow) oversee [ouvarsi:]•

~·. (=

proliferate [proulifareit]

supervise) ~·.

11.

expiration [ekspareifan]• n. expire [ikspaiar] v. (= lapse) expired [ikspaiard]• a.

properly [proparli] •• ad.

explain [iksplein]• z•.

reproduce [ri:pradju:s] v.

extraneously [ikstreiniasli] ad.

repulse [ript\ls] v.

foreseeable [fo:rsi:ab!]•• a.

repuls ion [ripti!Jan] n.

impress [impres] v. (= touch)

request [rikwest]•• v., n.

impressed [imprest] a.

respond to• phr.

impressive [impresiv]•• a.

retirement [ritaiaimant]• n.

impressively [impresivli] ad.

reun ion [ri:ju:njan]n.

incredible [inkredabl] a.

subscribe [sabskraib] v.

incredibly [inkredabli] ad.

subscriber [sabskraibar]• n.

in honor of** phr.

subscription [sabskripfan]n.

initial [inifal] a., v.

succeed [saksi:d]• v.

initially [inifali]• ad.

success [sakses]• n.

initiate [inijieit]•

~·.

successful [saksesful]* a.

issue [ifu:]lt.

successfully [saksesfuli]* ad.

loan [Joun]•• v.

successive [saksesiv] a.

once [w Ans]•• conj. owe [ou] v. personal belongings•• phr.

Day 22

premier [pri:miar] a., n.

arise [araiz] v.

profusion [prafju:3an] n.

arrange [areind3l v.

progress [progres]• n.

atrium [eitriam]•

progression [pragrefan] n.

11.

attempt [atempt]• n., <'.

progressive [pragresiv]• a.

be honored for•• phr.

proof [pru:f] n.

belatedly [bileitidli] ad.

readily available* phr.

be opposite to• phr.

require [rikwaiar]•• z•.

be put out of gear• phr.

required [rikwaiard]** a.

be related to• phr.

requirement [rikwaiarmant]11. (= prerequisite)

congratulate someone on something• phr.

requisition [rekwizifan]n.

consume [kansju:m] v.

research [risa:rtfl•• z•., n.

consumer [kansju:mar]•

researcher [risa:rtfar]

11.

consumption [kanstimpfan]• contend [kantend]• v. 532 - Hackers TOEIC Reading

11.

11.

resent [rizent] v. revenue [revanju:]**

11.

www.nhantriviet.com

reward [riw5:rd]• n.

expose [iksp6uz] z•. (= uncover)

run-down [rt..ndaun] a.

exposure [iksp6u3ar]•• n.

special [spefal] • a.

extremely [ikstri:mli]•• ad.

specialist [spefalist] n.

former [f5:rrnar] a.

specialize [spefalaiz]•• ·u.

head for• phr.

specially [spefali] ad.

independent [indipendant]• a.

steep [sti:p] • a.

in light of phr.

steeply [sti:pli] ad.

in observance of• phr.

suffice [safais] z•.

invite [invait]•• z•.

sufficiency [safiJansi] n.

involve [inv6lv]• v.

sufficient [safiJant] a.

involved [inv6lvd]•• a.

sufficiently [safl]antli]•• ad.

involvement [inv6lvmant] n.

sum [sAm] n.

move [mu:v]• z•., n.

summarize [simaraiz]• v.

notable [n6utabl]•• a. (=important)

summary [simari]

11.

obligation to•• phr.

think about• phr.

outside [autsaid] prep.

think of• phr.

paid [peid]•• a.

timelessly [taimlisli] ad.

proposal [prap6uzal]•• n. propose [prap6uz]• v. (= suggest) proposition [prapazifan] n.

Day 23

prospect [pr6spekt]•• n.

assail [aseil] v.

prospective [praspektiv]* a.

assemble [asembl] v.

prosper [pr6spar] v.

assembled [asembld] a.

prosperity [prasperati]•• n.

assemb ly [asembli] n.

prosperous [pr6sparas]

attire [ataiar]• n.

prosperously [pr6sparasli] ad.

average [revarid3ln., a.

protect [pratekt] v.

below [bil6u]• prep.

protection [pratekfan] n.

be responsible for•• phr.

protective [pratektiv]•• a.

a.

be responsive to• phr.

resist [rizist] v.

contract [kantrrekt], [k6ntnekt] v. , n.

respect [rispekt] v.

contraction [kantrrekfan] n.

respectable [rispektabl] a.

control [kantr6ul]• z•.

respectful [rispektful] a.

convene [kanvi:n] v.

respectfully [rispektfuli]• ad.

copy [k6pi]•• n.

right [rait]•• a., n.

corporation [ko:rpareifan]• n.

rightful [raitful]• a.

corrosion [kar6u3an]•• n.

rightfully [raitfuli] ad.

cost [kJ:st] n., z•.

rightly [raitlil ad.

discover [diskAvar] z•.

risk [risk] n.

discriminate [diskrimaneit] v.

rival [raival] • n.

discuss [diskAs]•• v.

serve [sa:rv]•• v. (= work)

discussion on •• phr.

service [sa:rvis]•• n.

disengage [disengeid3l v.

serviceable [sa:rvisabl] a.

drape something with something•• phr.

suggest [sagd3est] z•. (= recommend, imply)

duty [djti:ti] n.

suggestion [sagd3estJan]• n.

elevate [elaveit] v.

supervision [sju:parvi3an]••

elevation [elaveifan] n.

supplement [siplament], [siplamant]• v., n.

• -< 0

11.

supply [saplai]•

~-'.,

n.

faculty [frekalti] n.

time constraints• phr.

fairly [ferli]• ad.

triple [trip!] a.

frenetic [franetik] a.

unknown [Ann6un] a.

indifference [indifarans] n.

unlimited [Anlimitid] .. a. (= unrestricted)

in one's absence• phr.

upon request .. phr.

in particular• phr. leave [li:v]• v., n. move away• phr.

Day 24

obstacle [6bstakl]n.

admission [admifan] n.

officially [afifali]• ad.

admit [admit]• <'.

out of print• phr.

ambivalence [rembivalans]n.

overburden [ouvarba:rdn] v.

apprehensive [reprihensiv]•

own [oun]• v.

a.

assert [asa:rt]• <'.

owner [6unar]• n.

assign [asain] "'· (= allocate) assignment [asainmant] n.

ownership [6unarfip]• n. participant [po:rtisapant]• n.

assist [asist] v.

participate [po:rtisapeit] v.

be restored to .. phr.

participation [po:rtisapeifan] .. n.

be subject to• phr.

premeditate [pri:mediteit] v.

blandly [blrendli] ad.

presumably [prizju:mabli] .. ad.

bowl [boul] n.

presumptive [priz,\mptiv] a.

card [ko:rd] .. n.

procedural [prasi:d3aral] a.

complacent [kampleisant] a.

procedure [prasi:d3ar] .. n.

confidence in• phr.

protest [pratest] v.

conversion [kanva:r:5an] n.

prove [pru:v] v.

convert [kanva:rt] v.

resonate [rezaneit] v.

convey [kanvei] v.

respond [risp6nd]•• v.

cooperate [kou6pareit] v.

respondent [risp6ndant] n.

cooperation [kouapareifan]n.

response [risp6ns] n.

cooperative [kou6parativ] .. a.

run the risk of.. phr.

cooperatively [kou6parativli] .. ad.

simultaneously [sii.imalteiniasli]• ad.

customer [kAstamar] n.

stress [stres] n., v. (= emphasize)

customization [kAstamaizeiJan] n.

structure [str.\ktfar] .. n.

customize [kAstamii.iz]•• <•.

tension [tenfan]n.

densely [densli]• ad.

term [ta:rrn] n.

deposit [dip6zit] .. n., v.

try [trail v.

determined [dita:rmind] a. dislocate [disloukeit]

~·-

dismiss [dismis]• <'.

uniquely [juni:kli] ad. upcoming school year• phr. upstart [A.psta:rt] n.

dispatch [dispretfl• "'· displace [displeis] v. enlarge [inl6:rd3l <'.

Day 25

exact [igzrekt] a.

assume [asju:m]• v. (= presume, take on)

exacting [igzrektiiJ] a.

attach [atretfl .. v.

exactly [igzrektli]•• ad.

attached [atretft]•• a.

exactness [igzrektnis] n.

behavior [biheivjar] n.

extra [ekstra] a.

be superior to• phr.


www.nhantriviet.com

be uncertain about• plzr. brief [bri:f] • a.,

provision [pravi3an]••

~·.

11. (=

arrangements)

publish (p,\blif] .. v.

brief someone on something• phr.

responsive [risponsiv] .. a.

briefly [bri:fli] ad.

responsiveness [risponsivnis] n.

coordinate [kou:S:rd;meit]•

restore [risb:r] .. v.

t'.

coordination [kouo:rdaneifan]• n.

restrained [ristreind] a.

correlate [k5:raleit] z•.

restructure [ri:str,\ktfar] .. v.

counsel [kaunsal] n., v. (= advise)

return A to B.. phr.

detail [diteil]

signifier [signaf'aiar] n.

11.

detailed [diteild] .. a.

signify [signaf'ai] v.

dispute over• phr.

sincerely [sinsirli] ad.

disrupt [disr,\pt]• v.

sticky [stiki] a.

dissatisfy [dissretisrai]• v.

submit A to B.. plzr. (= send in)

distribute [distribju:t] .. z·.

substantial [sabstamfal] .. a.

distributed [distribju:tid] .. a.

substantiality [sabstrenfirelati] n.

distribution [distribjti:fan]

11.

substantially [sabstrenfali]•• ad.

distributor [distribjutar] ..

11.

substantiate [sabstamfieit] <•.

exportation [eksp:J:rteifan]

support [sap5:rt] ·v., n.

11.

tour [tuar]

express [ikspres] .. z•. expression [iksprefan]

11. ,

v.

turn [ta:rn]• v.,

11.

11.

expressive [ikspresiv] a.

turn in •• phr.

fondness [fondnis] n.

unoccupied [t..nokjapaid] •• a.(= vacant)

for your convenience .. phr.

unrecoverable [AnrikAvarabl] a.

glance [glrensl

unusually [Anjti:3uali]• ad.

n.

unwillingness [AnwiliiJnis]• n.

growth rate phr. hospitality [haspitrelati] .. incentive [insentiv]

venture [ventfar]••

11.

11 .

venturesome [ventfarsam] a.

11.

indefinitely [indefanitli] ad. individual [indavid3ual] a.,

11.

individualism [indavid3uallzaml individualist [indavid3ualist]

11.

11.

Day 26 advertisement [redvartaizmant]•

11. Q<>

individuality [indavid3urelati] n.

attend [atend] z•.

individually [indavid3uali] .. ad.

attendee [atendi:]• n.

in place of phr.

because of• phr.

in spite of• phr.

benefit from •• phr.

internment [inta:rnmant]

11.

m X

~

"'enen

c;·

:::>

en

brightly [braitlil ad.

limitation [limateifan]n.

circumstance [sa:rkamstrens] n.

maximum [mreksamam]• n.

collection [kalekfan]••

multiply [m,\ltaplai] z•.

collective [kalektiv]a.

mutually [mjti:tfuali] .. ad.

collector [kalektar] n.

presumptuous [priz,\mptfuas] a.

condensed [kandenst]• a.

prevalent [prevalant] ..

consist ot•• phr.

a.

previous [pri:vias]• a.

11.

previously [pri:viasli] .. ad.

correspond [kJ:rispond] ~·. correspondence [k:>:rispondans]•• n.

provide [pravaid] .. v.

corresponding [kJ:rispondiiJ] a.

provided [pravaidid] .. con;.

correspondingly [kJ:rispondiiJ!i] • ad.

providing [pravaidiiJ] .. conj.

create [krieit]•• z•.

• --<

0

creation [krieif
purchase [pa:rtfas] •• v.,

11.

creative [krieitiv]•• a.

purchased [pa:rtfast]•• a.

creatively [krieitivli] ad.

question [kwestfan]••

creativeness [krieitivnis] n.

refund [rf:f,md]• <.•.,

creativity [kri:eitfvati] n.

return [rita:rn]•• z•.

dealing [df:lil)]*

returned [rita:rnd]•• a.

11.

decadence [dekadans]

11.,

v.

11.

reveal [rivf:]]•• v.

11.

disturb [dista:rb] <.•.

revelation [revaleifan]

disturbance [dista:rbans]

11.

11.

review [rivju:]•• "'·

disturbing [dista:rbiiJ]** a.

site [sait]

divest [daivestJ v.

stare [ster] v.

11.

excellent [eksalant]• a. (preeminent)

struck [strAk] a.

excessive [iksesiv] a.

suppress [sapres] v.

experiment with •• phr.

to better serve customers•• plzr.

extend [ikstend] <.•. (= lengthen) extended [ikstendid]• a. extension [ikstenfan]••

Day 27

11.

extensive [ikstensiv]•• a.

arguable [6:rgjuabl] a.

extensively [ikstensivli]• ad.

argument [6:rgjumant]•

feasibility [fi:zabfliti]•• fine [fain]•

11.,

11.

(= possibility, viability)

a.

11.,

argumentative [o:rgjumentativ]•• a. automate [5:tameit]•• z•.

finely [fainli] ad. firm [fa:nn]

automatically

a.

[~:tamll!tikali]••

ad.

avert [ava:rt]<.•.

firmly [fa:nnli]• ad.

avoid [av5id]• <.•.

fresh [freJ]• a.

award [aw5:rd]• v.,

freshen [frefan] v.

be familiar with** plzr.

freshly [frefli] ad.

be restricted to phr.

freshness [frefnis]•

11.

11.

beyond one's control• phr.

11.

full [full• a.

cancel [kll!nsal] v.

fully [fuJi]** ad.

cancellation [krensaleifan]••

increasing market pressure• phr.

commencement [kamensmant]n.

increment [fnkramant]n.

condition [kandifan]•• n.

inspiration [inspareifan]••

conditional [kandifanal] a.

11.

install [inst:'J:l] •• <.•.

count [kaunt]• v.

installation [instaleifan] n.

countdown [kauntdaun] n.

insubordinate [insab:S:rdanit] a.

curb [ka:rb]• v. (= restrain)

in summary phr.

difficulty [difakalti]••

intention [intenfan]•

11.

11.

dissentingly [disentil)li] ad.

11.

divide [divaid] v.

in the past phr. manufacturer [mamjafffiktfarar]•

11.

divided [divaidid]• a.

maximum security• phr.

dividend [dividend]•

origin [:S:rid3in]

division [divf3an]•• n.

11.

double [d.\bl]••

original larfd3anal] a. originality [arid3amelati]

11.

11.

(= allotment)

<.'.,a.

drop [drop]• v., n.

originally [arfdjanali]•• ad.

empathic [empffi6ik]•• a.

originate [arfd3aneit] v.

environmental [invaiaranmenta!]• a.

possible [p6sabl] • a.

environmentalism [invaiaranmentalizam]


11.

www.nhantriviet.com

environmentalist [invaiaranmentalist]n.

Day 28

environmentally [invaiaranmentali] ad.

amalgamate [amrelgameit] v.

exertion [igz;bfan]n .

amaze [ameiz]• z•.

feedback [fi:dbrek]• n.

amazed [ameizd] a.

further [fa:roar] • a.

amazement [ameizmant]•• n.

furthermore [fa:roarmJ:r] ad.

amazing [ameiziiJ]a.

inherently [inhiarantli]•• ad.

apportionment [ap:S:rfanmant]

intact [intrekt] a.

ascertain [resartein] v.

in theory phr.

bear [ber ]• ''· (= endure) bill [bill• ·v., n.

in writing •• phr. majority [madj:l:ratii••

11.

bring something to a halt• phr.

11.

member [membar]• n.

by hand • phr.

otherwise [.\oarwaiz]•• ad.

by telephone• phr.

out of the office• phr.

capitalize [krepitalaiz] v.

personal check• phr.

capture [kreptfar]• v.

position [pazifan] n.

contend with • phr.

precipitation [prislpiteifan]• n.

courteous [ka:rtias]• a.

provide someone with something• phr.

courteously [ka:rtiasli] ad.

pursue [parsju:] v.

courteousness [ka:rtiasnis] n.

pursuit [parsju:t]

courtesy [ka:rtisi) n.

11.

qu ite [kwait] ad.

customarily [kAslamerali] ad.

rather [rreoar) ad.

customary [kAstameri) a.

relic [relik] n.

customs [kAstamz)n.

respect for• phr.

demonstrate [demanstreit]• ''· (= prove)

revolve [riv6lv) v.

detect [ditekt] v.

rise [raiz]•• v. (= increase)

distantly [dfstantli] ad.

significance [signifikans] n.

distinct [distiiJkt) a.

significant [signifikant]• a.

distinction [distiiJkfan]n.

s ignificantly [signifikantli]•• ad.

distinctive [distii]ktiv) a.

slowly [sl6uli)• ad.

distinctively [distiiJktiv!i]• ad.

subjective [sabd3ektiv]•

subjectively [sabd3ektivli] ad.

donate [d6uneit]•• ''· donation [douneifan]••

succeed in + V-ing• phr.

due to• phr.

a.

surround [saniund] v. surrounding [saniundiiJ]* a.,

17.

expense [ikspens]•• n. 11.

(pl.)

expensive [ikspensiv]•• a.

suspend [saspend]• v. (= postpone)

expensively [ikspensivli) ad.

swap [swap) ' '· taste [teist]• ·v.,

expensiveness [ikspensivnis]n.

type [taip]•

extinction [ikstiiJkfan]••

11.

vaguely [veigli) ad.

flexibility [fleksabilati]•• n.

variation [verieifan]

17.

flexible [fleksabl] a. in danger of extinction phr.

varied [verid]• a. variety [vaniiati]••

17.

flex [fleks] v .

11.

11.

industry [indastri]• n.

variously [veriasli) ad.

influence [influans]•• n., v.

vary [veri]•• ''· win one's award phr.

insert A into B phr. invest [invest) v. investment [investmant]•

www.nhantriviet.com

11.


•

investor [investar]** n.

consistently [kansistant!i]•• ad.

investigation [investageifan]** n.

contract out something to someone• phr.

lead [li:d] v.

device [divais] n. (= gadget)

outweigh [ii.utwei]** z•.

devise [divaiz]• v.

overly [6uvarli] ad.

do business with* phr.

override [ouvarniid] v.

effect [ifekt]••

primal [pniimal] a.

effective [ifektiv]•• a.

primarily [praimerali]** ad.

effectively [ifektivli] ad .

.primary [pniimeri]

effectiveness [ifektivnis] n.

a.

11.,

v.

prime [praim] a.

excitable [iksaitabl]

principal [prinsapal] * a.

excite [iksait] v.

a.

proximity [praksimati]n.

excited [iksaitid]•• a.

readily [redali] • ad.

excitedly [iksaitidli] ad.

ready [redi] a.

excitement [iksaitmant] n.

removal [rimti.:val] n. remove [rimti.:v] repeal [ripi:l]

~·. (=

exciting [iksaitiiJ]** a. eliminate)

~·-

face [feis]• v.

(=

confront)

guarantee of• phr.

restricted [ristriktid] • a.

induce [indjti.:s] v.

revolutionary [revalti.:faneri]* a.

inflate [infleit] v.

rich [ritfl• a.

inflated [infleitid] a.

share [fer]

~·.,

n. (pl.) (= stock)

inflation [infleifan]•• n.

signs of wear•• phr.

injured [ind3ard] a.

softly [so:ftli] ad.

insincerely [insinsirli] ad.

staff productivity•• phr.

instead of** phr.

throughout the day•• phr.

integrate [intagreit]•

two forms of identification•• phr.

interfere [intarfir ]* v.

~·.

unsafe [,mseif] a.

lengthen [!eiJk8an]•• v.

unstable [Ansteibl] a.

open [6upan] v., a.

ventilation [ventaleiJan]n.

opening [6upaniiJ] •• n.

virtually [va:rtfuali]** ad.

overload [ouvarl6ud] v.

whereabouts [hwerabii.uts]n.

owing to•• prep. persuadable [parsweidabl] a. persuade [parsweid] v.

Day 29

persuasion [parswei3an] n.

appraisal [apreiza!]• n.

persuasive [parsweisiv]•• a.

associated [as6ufieitid]• a.

persuasively [parsweisivli]• ad.

assorted [aso:rtid] a.

preserve [priza:rv]• v.

assurance [aJti.arans]n.

prize [praiz]•• n.

assure [afti.ar] v.

probability [prababilati] n.

by means of** phr.

prominent [pr6manant]•• a. (= well-known)

by no means phr.

purpose [pa:rpas]•• n.

catch [kretfl * v.

reduce [ridjti.:s]•• v.

consecutive [kansekjativ]• consensus [kansensasj•

11.

a.

reduction [ridAkJan]•• n. reductive [ridAktiv] a. ~·.

consent [kansent]• n.

register [red3istar]••

consent to•• phr.

renegotiate [ri:nig6ujieit]• z•.

consistent [kansistant]• a.

run short•• phr.


www.nhantriviet.com

space [speis] 11.,

editor [editar) n.

<:'.

spacious [speifas] a. (= roomy)

encounter [inkauntar]• v.

spread [spred] v.

engage [ingeid3]• v.

stability [stabilati]••

engineer [end3aniar]•

11.

11.

stable [steibl] a.

escort someone to somewhere•• phr.

stay [stei]• z•.,

estimate [estameit]• 11., 1'.

11.

estimated [estameitid] a.

touch down•• phr. treat !tri:t]1•. (= deal with) undergo [f.ndarg6u]•

estimation [estameiJan] 11. exercise [eksarsaiz]••

<:'.

11.

voluntarily [valanterali]•• ad.

facilitate [fasiliteit]• v.

voluntary [v6lanteri] a.

facilitation [fasiliteiJan]

volunteer [valantir]• 11., <'.

facilitator [fasiliteitar] n.

warranty [wo:ranti]·

facility [fasilati]•• n.

11.

wash [waf]• v. whereas [hwerrez]

11.

fleetly [fli:tli] ad. from now phr.

COilJ.

grasp [gnesp] v. hold [hould]•• 1'.

Day 30

implant [implrent] z•.

affect [afekt]•• z•. (= influence)

inform [info :rm] z•. (= notify)

affection [afekfan] n.

informative [infO:rmativ]•• a.

attract [atrrekt]•• "-'·

informatively [info:rmativli] ad.

attraction [atrrekfan] 11.

informed [info:rmd]•• a.

authorization [3:9arizeif;m]n.

informed decision• phr.

authorize [o:9araiz]••

innovative [inaveitiv]•• a.

<:'.

authorized [o:9araizd]•• a.

inordinate [ino:rdanit] a.

authorship [o:9arflp]11.

instantly [instantli]• ad.

available [aveilabl]•• a.

interfere with•• phr.

by way of phr.

offend [afend] v.

challenge [tfrelindj] <'.,

particularly [partikjalarli]• ad.

11.

challenging [tfrelind3iiJ] a.

possess [pazes] z•.

configuration [kanflgjareifan]ll.

problem with• phr.

contingent [kantind3ant]• a.

profile [pr6ufail]n., zo. profit [profit]•

contribute [kantribju:tl1•. contribution [kantribju:fan]

11.

11.

profitable [pr6fitabl]•• a.

contributor [kantribjutar]•• n.

profiteer [prafitir]

cover [kAvar] v. (= include)

project [pr6d;)ekt]•

coverage [kAvarid3]•• n.

put in for•• phr.

cultivate [kAltaveit]1•.

refer [rifa:r] v. (= consult)

cultivation [kAltaveiJan] 11.

reference [refarans]•

cut back phr.

rich source of information • phr.

diverse [diva:rs]•• a.

schedule [sked3u:J]• v.,

diversification [diva:rsafakeiJan] 11.

segment [segmant]••

diversified [diva:rsafaid]• a.

segmentation [segmanteiJan]n.

11. 11.

11.

11.

11.

diversify [diva:rsafai] •• z•.

suppose [sap6uz]•• v. (= assume)

diversity [diva:rsati]

turn down• phr.

11.

edit [edit] z·.

widely [waidli]•• ad.

edition [idiJan]•• 11.

widen [waidan] v.

..... 0

m

n

"' "'"'a. :> <0

540

Answer Sheet

Reading Test READING (Part V-VII) ANSWER NO .

ANSWER NO.

ANSWER NO.

A B C D

A B C D

ANSWER NO.

A B C D

ANSWER NO.

A B C D

A B C D

101

®®©©

121

®®©©

141

®®©©

161

®®©©

181

®®©©

102

@@©©

122

@@©©

142

@@©©

162

®®©©

182

®®©©

103

@@©©

123

®@©©

143

@@©©

163

®®©©

183

®®©©

104

®®©©

124

®®©©

144

®®©©

164

®®©©

184

@@©©

105

@@©©

125

@@©©

145

@@©©

165

®®©©

185

®®©©

106

@@©©

126

@@©©

146

®®©©

166

®®©©

186

®®©©

107

@@©©

127

®®©©

147

®@©©

167

@@©©

187

®®©©

108

®®©©

128

®®©©

148

®®©©

168

®®©©

188

®®©©

109

@@©©

129

®®©©

149

®®©©

169

®®©©

189

®®©©

110

®®©©

130

®®©©

150

®®©©

170

®®©©

190

®®©©

111

@@©©

131

@@©©

151

®®©©

171

@@©©

191

®®©©

112

®@©©

132

®®©©

152

®®©©

172

®®©©

192

®®©©

113

®®©©

133

@@©©

153

@@©©

173

®®©©

193

®®©©

114

®®©©

134

@@©©

154

@@©©

174

®®©©

194

®®©©

115

®®©©

135

®®©©

155

®®©©

175

®®©©

195

®®©©

116

®@©©

136

@@©©

156

@@©©

176

@@©©

196

®®©©

117

@@©©

137

@@©©

157

®®©©

177

®®©©

197

®®©©

118

®®©©

138

@@©©

158

@@©©

178

@@©©

198

®®©©

119

®@©©

139

®®©©

159

®®©©

179

®®©©

199

®®©©

120

®®©©

140

®®©©

160

®®©©

180

®®©©

200

®®©©

n

. i

c

Answer Sheet - 541

Answer Sheet

Reading Test READING (Part V-VII) ANSWER

ANSWER NO.

NO.

ANSWER NO.

A B C D

A B C D

ANSWER

A B C D

ANSWER NO.

NO.

A B C D

A B C D

101

®®©©

121

®®©©

141

®®©©

161

®®©©

181

®®©©

102

®®©©

122

®®©©

142

®®©©

162

®®©©

182

®®©©

103

®®©©

123

®®©©

143

®®©©

163

®®©©

183

®®©©

104

®®©©

124

®®©©

144

®®©©

164

®®©©

184

®®©©

105

®®©©

125

®®©©

145

®®©©

165

®®©©

185

®®©©

106

®®©©

126

®®©©

146

®®©©

166

• ®®©©

186

®®©©

107

®®©©

127

®®©©

147

®®©©

167

®®©©

187

®®©©

108

®®©©

128

®®©©

148

®®©©

168

®®©©

188

®®©©

109

®®©©

129

®®©©

149

®®©©

169

®®©©

189

®®©©

110

®®©©

130

®®©©

150

®®©©

170

®®©©

190

®®©©

111

®®©©

131

®®©©

151

®®©©

171

®®©©

191

®®©©

112

®®©©

132

®®©©

152

®®©©

172

®®©©

192

®®©©

113

®®©©

133

®®©©

153

®®©©

173

®®©©

193

®®©©

114

®®©©

134

®®©©

154

®®©©

174

®®©©

194

®®©©

115

®®©©

135

®®©©

155

®®©©

175

®®©©

195

®®©©

116

®®©©

136

®®©©

156

®®©©

176

®®©©

196

®®©©

117

®®©©

137

®®©©

157

®®©©

177

®®©©

197

®®©©

118

®®©©

138

®®©©

158

®®©©

178

®®©©

198

®®©©

119

®®©©

139

®®©©

159

®®©©

179

®®©©

199

®®©©

120

®®©©

140

®®©©

160

®®©©

180

®®©©

200

®®©©


www.nhantriviet.com

X

Hackers TOEIC

Answers

Reading

Diagnostic Test

06 (C) .11 (A) 16 (C)

TOEIC

R e ad1ng

05 Number I Tense I Voice of a Verb 1. (D)

p. 22

Part 5

01 (B)

Hacke rs

02 (D) 07 (A)

03 (B)

12 (B) 17 (D)

13 (A) 18 (B)

19(A)

20 (C)

22 (C)

23 (D)

24 (D)

25 (B)

08 (B)

04 (A) 09 (D)

05 (D)

14 (C)

15 (B)

2. (B)

p. 47

3. (A)

10 (B) p. 48

06 Verbs in the Imperative

1. (D)

3. (C)

2. (B)

~

p. 24

Part 6

21 (B)

Hackers Practice

26 (B) p. 26

Part 7

27 (B)

28 (D)

29 (B)

30 {A)

31 (C)

32 (B)

33 (A)

34 (B)

35 (C)

36 (D)

37 (B) 42 (B) N "'\Bl .,,.. ..

38 (C) 43 (B) 4

39 (D) 44 (A)

40 (B) 45 (C)

41 (D) 46 (C)

02 completion 04 Reducing

05 comprise

06 It

07 be sent

08 Efficient ..... Efficiency

11 Correct

~. (~.iii."'''ili:J~~....,~~""?H \~L .....

12 There ..... It

13 estimation

-+

14 locate -. location

estimates

Hackers Test

Section 1 Basic Sentence Elements

p.

2. (C)

p. 50

Part 5

Chapter 01 Subjects, Verbs Subjects 1.(A)

01 worked 03 varies

09 completes ..... completed 10 asks ..... ask

Grammar

I 01

p. 49

43 1

3. (D)

01 (C)

02 (C)

03 (B)

04 (A)

05 (A)

L06 (C) 11 (B)

07 (D)

08 (B)

09 (C)

10 (C)

12 (B)

13 (A)

14 (B)

15 (B)

16 (B)

17 (A)

18 (D)

19(D)

20 (B)

22 (C)

23 (A)

Part 6 ~2.1 {B)

p. 44

02 Dummy Subject It 1. (D)

2. {A)

3. (B)

Chapter 02 Objects, Complements 03 Dummy Subject There

I 04

1. (B)

2. (C)

Verbs 1. (D)

2. (A)

p.

45

3. (A)

p.

3. (C)

46 1

I 01

Objects 1. (B)

2. (C)

02 Dummy Object It 1. (C)

2. (C)

p.

53 1

p.

54

3. (D)

3. (B)

Hackers Practice

fo3 Complements I 1. (B) 2. (D)

3. (A)

p. 63

01 In spite of a scheduling conflict 02 purchasing less than ten items

04 Noun Complements vs.

l

Adjective ~

Complements 1. (A)

p. 56

2. (B)

03 whose topic dealt with working relationships 04 who is diligent, trustworthy, and self-motivated 05 from the assembly line

3. (B)

06 for using funds without proper permission

Hackers Practice

07 While Dan waited in the office lobby 08 of 09 to resolve 10 even though 11 working 12 Because 13 which

p. 57

01 complete

02 maturity

03 proud

04 amazement

05 informed

06 confirmation

07 operational

08 provide -+ to provide

09 convenience-+ convenient

10 lay-+ to lay

11 help-+ helpful

12 Correct

Part 5

14 Correct

01 (B)

02 (D)

03 (C)

04 (A)

05 (B)

06 (A)

07 (C)

08 (C)

09 (D)

10 (A)

11 (B)

12 (D)

13 (C)

14(C)

15 (B)

16 (C)

17 (B)

18 (D)

19 (C)

20 (A)

22 (A)

23 (B)

13 wisdom -+ wise

14 during

Hackers Test

Hackers Test

p. 58

Part5

Part 6

01 (B)

02 (A)

03 (A)

04 (B)

21 (C)

06 (C)

07 (D)

08 (C)

09 (B)

10 (D)

11 (B)

12 (A)

13 (D)

14(A)

15(A)

16 (D)

17 (D)

18 (C)

19 (D)

20 (A)

22 (A)

23 (A)

05 (C)

Section 2 Verb-Related Structures

Part 6 21 (C)

p. 64

Chapter 04 Forms and Types of English Verbs

/o1Modal I Auxiliary Verb + Bare Infinitive l 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (B)

p.

69]

Chapter 03 Modifiers

I 01

Modifiers

p. 61

~·~ 2._(B_) _

2. (B)

02 Auxiliary Verb Be/Have+ Participle Form 1. (D)

3_. (_ A) _ _ _ _ _ _ j

Jo2 Modifying Phrases, Modifying Clauses 1. (A)

J

3. (D)

I 03

2. (B)

3. (D)

----------'

Transitive Verbs, Intransitive Verbs 1. (D)

2. (A)


2.(B)

p. 71

3. (B)

04 Bare Infinitives in That-Clauses 1.(D)

p. 70

--;721

3.(C) - - - - - -

www.nhantriviet.com

Hackers Practice

p. 73

Hackers Practice

p. 81

01 accept

02 receive

01 were

02 are

03 speak

04 be

03 Many

04 were

05 would like

06 oppose

05 are

06 banks

07 mention

08 turned .-. turn

07 is

08 is ... are

09 pays ... pay

10 Correct

11 warn .... warns

12 Uniform-+ Uniforms 14 are ... is

09 has apply ... has applied 10 will submit .-. submit 11 held ... be held

12 accepts

13 compile-+ compiling

14 to remain -+ remain

-+

accept

Hackers Test

p. 74

13 Correct

Hackers Test

Part'5

p.82

Part 5

01 (B)

02 (C)

03 (C)

04 (B)

05 (A)

01 (D)

02 (C)

03 (C)

04 (A)

05 (A)

06 (D)

07 (C)

08 (C)

09 (C)

10 (B)

06 (C)

07 (A)

08 (D)

09 (A)

10 (A)

11 (B)

12 (C)

13 (C)

14(A)

15 (C)

13 (D)

14 (A)

15 (C)

17 (C)

18 (B)

19 (D)

20 (C)

' 11 (C) 16 (B)

12 (C)

16 (D)

17 (C)

18 (A)

19 (B)

20 (A)

22 (C) '-

2,3 \~) ''"'

Part 6 21 (A)

Part 6 22 (D)

~_2!.(~)

23 (B)

Chapter 05 Subject-Verb Agreement 01 Subject-Verb Agreement in Number 1. (B)

2. (A)

p. 77

1. (A)

2. (B)

3. (D)

....... ,.·.

01 Present/ Past/ Future Simple Tense 1. (D)

2. (B)

1.(C)

'J

2. (B)

3. (C)

03 Present / Past/ Future Perfect Tense 03 Subject-Verb Agreement with Coordinating and Correlative Conjunctions 1. (B)

2. (C)

1. (B)

2. (D)

p. 87

p. 79

3. (A}

L 04 Subject-Verb Agreement in Relative Clauses 2. (B)

-1

3. (D)

04 Agreement in Tense

1. (A)

p. 85

3. (B)

02 Present/Past/Future Progressive Tense

Subject-Verb Agreement with Expressions of Quantity

:

Chapter 06 Tenses

3. (B)

L'

.

3. (A)

p.80

t(C)

2. (C)

3. (B)

3

Hackers Practice

p. 89

Hackers Practice

p. 97

01 read

02 attended

01 implied

02 are expected

03 had damaged

04 retired

03 rejected

04 frustrated 06 will take

05 will double

06 believe

05 have painted

07 will be

08 makes

07 excited

08 relating __, related

09 has been

10 needs

09 Correct

11 by the time

12 since

11 made __, is made

10 offered __, was offered 12 wearing __, to wear

13 at the moment

14 usually

13 has granted .... has been

14 Correct

granted

Hackers Test

p. 90

Hackers Test

Part 5

p.98

01 (C)

02 (D)

03 (C)

04 (C)

06 (A)

07 (D)

08 (B)

09 (C)

10(B)

01 (C)

02 (A)

03 (C)

04 (B)

11 (C)

12 (B)

13 (C)

14(A)

15 (A)

06 (D)

07 (C)

08 (B)

09 (D)

05 (D) 10(C)

16 (C)

17 (C)

18 (D)

19 (A)

20 (B)

11 (D)

12 (B)

13 (A)

14 (B)

15 (D)

16 (B)

17 (C)

18 (D)

19 (C)

20 (C)

05 (B)

Part 6 21 (D)

22 (B)

Part 5

Part 6

23_(D)

llJ.S~b~s,, 32Lt.~~~.;.:,,,:.:3H~L",·· ., . . . _...

.

Chapter 07 Active Voice, Passive Voice Chapter 08 Subjunctives

dentifying Active / Passive Sentences . (A)

2. (A)

p. 93

01 Future I Past I Past Perfect I Mixed

3. (D)

------

Subjunctive 1. (B)

2. (C)

p. 101

3. (A) --------~

02 Passive Voice of Verbs in Sentence

Structures 4 and 5 1. (C)

p. 94

2. (D)

02 Other Structures of Subjunctives

3. (B)

1. (C)

2. (D)

p.

102 1

3. (D)

03 Active and Passive Voices of Perception Verbs p. 95 1. (B)

2. (D)

----------------~

04 Expressions of the Passive Form 1. (B)

Hackers Practice

3. (D)

2. (B)

3. (C) ----


p. 961

p. 103

01 have saved

02 could

03 be

04 have taken

05 would

06 used

07 have missed

08 had applied

09 would not be

10 had asked

11 would have been

12 had bought

13 had finished

14 should have been


Hackers Test

p. 104

Hackers Test

p. 114

Part 5

Part 5

04 (B)

05 (C)

01 (A)

02 (B)

03 (C)

04 (C)

05 (B) 10 (A)

01 (A)

02 (D)

03 (A)

06 (B)

07 (D)

08 (B)

09 (C)

10 (A)

06 (A)

07 (A)

08 (B)

09 (C)

11 (B)

12 (C)

13 (A)

14 (C)

15 (D)

11 (C)

12 (B)

13 (A)

14 (C)

15 (C)

16 (B)

17 (C)

18 (D)

19 (D)

20 (C)

16 (C)

17 (B)

18 (B)

19(D)

20 (A)

22 (A)

23 (B)

22 (B)

23 (C)

Part 6

Part 6

21 (C)

21 (D)

Section 3 Verbals

Chapter 10 Gerunds

Chapter 09 To-infinitives 01 Functions, Forms of Gerunds and Their 01 Forms of To-infinitives and Their Subjects

1. (B)

2. (A)

3. (C)

02 Functions of To-infinitives 1. (D)

2. (D)

p. 109

p. 110

3. (A)

03 Verbs/Nouns / Adjectives Followed by a To-infinitive 1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (D)

Subjects 1. (C)

p. 117 2. (B)

3. (B)

02 Verbs Followed by a Gerund 1. (C)

2. (D)

03 Gerunds vs. Nouns p. 111

1. (C)

2. (A)

p. 119

3. (C)

04 Common Expressions with Gerunds 04 Bare Infinitives as Object Complements 1. (B)

2. (A)

p. 112

1. (B)

2. (D)

p. 118

3. (C)

p. 120

3. (D)

3. (A)

Hackers Practice Hackers Practice

p. 113

p. 121

01 working

02 to give

02 customize

03 wording

04 working

03 to type

04 influence

05 effectiveness

06 raising

05 to proceed

06 delivered

07 wondering

08 take -+ taking /to take

07 to improve

08 signing -+ to sign

09 Correct

10 obtain-+ obtaining

09 Correct

10 start -+ to start

11 to talk -+ talking

12 know -+ knowing

11 do-+ done

12 willing .... willing to

13 Correct

14 help .... helping

13 Correct

14 attract .... to attract

01 to win

Hackers Test

p. 122

Hackers Test

p. 130

Part 5

Part 5 01 (D)

02 (C)

03 (C)

04 (B)

05 (B)

01 (D)

02 (B)

03 (B)

04 (C)

05 (C)

06 (D)

07 (D)

08 (B)

09 (D)

10 (C)

06 (D)

07 (C)

08 (A)

09 (B)

10 (B)

11 (B)

12 (B)

13 (D)

14 (B)

15 (A)

11 (C)

12 (D)

13 (B)

14(C)

15 (D)

16 (C)

17 (B)

18 (C)

19 (B)

20 (B)

16 (D)

17 (D)

18 (A)

19(A)

20 (C)

~·, .22 (B)

23 (B)

Part 6

Part 6

21 (D)

22 (B)

Chapter 11

Participles

21 (D)

23 (B) '·

Section 4 Parts of Speech Chapter 12 Nouns

01 Functions of Participles

1. (D)

2. (B)

p. 125

3. (C)

01 Positions of Nouns 1. (D)

02 Participial Phrases 1. (B)

2. (A)

3. (C)

03 Present Participles vs. Past Participles 2. (C)

02 Count Nouns vs. Non-Count Nouns

3. (B)

04 Confusing Expressions

2. (C)

p. 137

3. (C)

04 Concrete Nouns vs. Abstract Nouns 2. (C)

p. 138

3. (B)

p. 129

021asting 04 welcoming

05 dampening

06 interested

07 locked

08 served .... serving

09 Correct

10 Felt .... Feeling

11 update -+ updated

12 Correct

13 providing .... provided

14 missed-+ missing

Hackers TOEIC Readi ng

2. (D)

p. 128

3. (C)

Hackers Practice

S48

p. 136

3. (D)

03 Determiners and Nouns

1. (D)

01 reserving 03 written

2. (B)

p. 127

1. (C)

1. (A)

p. 135 3. (D)

p. 126

1. (A)

1. (C)

2. (B)

05 Compound Nouns 1. (C)

2. (A)

p. 139

06 Common Nouns in TOEIC 1. (B)

2. (A)

3. (D)

I

I

3. (C)

p. 140

Hackers Practice

p. 141

01 commitment

05 Indefinite Pronouns/Adjectives (2):

Any, No/None, Most

02 responsibility

1. (C)

03 production

04 likelihood

05 health

06 expiration

07 attendance

08 locate -+ location

09 application -+ applicant

10 developer

11 supervisor -+ supervision

Some/

-+

I 06

development

2. (A)

Agreement between Nouns and Pronouns/ Possessive Adjectives 1. (C)

12 traveling -+ traveler

p. 149 3. (A)

2. (A)

p. 150

I

3. (A)

13 occupancy -+ occupation 14 beneficiaries ..... benefits

Hackers Practice Hackers Test

p. 142

Part 5

p. 151

01 their

02 those

03 your

04 another

05 herself

06 him

01 (D)

02 (D)

03 (C)

04 (B)

05 (B)

07 those

08 he-+ they

06(A)

07 (D)

08 (B)

09 (A)

10 (C)

09 its -+ their

10 our-+ its

15 (C)

11 them-+ it

12 its

20 (B)

13 its-+ our

14 themselves

11 (A) 16 (A)

12 (D)

13 (D)

17(A)

18{A)

22 (B)

23 (C)

14 (D) 19 (C)

-+

their -+

them

Part 6

21 (C)

Hackers Test

p. 152

Part 5

01 (A)

02 (D)

03 (D)

04 (B)

05 (A)

Chapter 13 Pronouns

06 (B)

07 (D)

08 (B)

09 (C)

10 (D)

11 (C)

12 (B)

13 (B)

14 (B)

15 (C)

01 Personal Pronouns, Possessive Pronouns,

16 (A)

17 (D)

18 (D)

19 (C)

20 (B)

22 (A)

23 (D)

Possessive Adjectives 1. (D)

2. (B)

p. 145

02 Reflexive Pronouns 2. (A)

, Part 6

3. (B)

21 (A)

p. 146

Chapter 14 Adjectives

3. (C)

01 Positions of Adjectives

I 03

Demonstrative Pronouns, Demonstrative Adjectives 1. (D)

2. (A)

3. (B)

1. (D)

2. (A)

3. (A)

p. 147

-------

---

_j

I 02 Quantifiers as Adjectives and Indefinite Pronouns

1

4 Indefinite Pronouns/Adjectives (1): One, Another, Other 1. (D)

oan111U.1

2. (B)

nh~ntrivu::..t.com

1.(C)

2. (A)

3. (C)

L __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _

3. (B)

03 Confusing Adjectives

1

1. (C)

2. (C)

p. 1571

3. (D)

Answers - 549

04 Expressions with Be 1. (C)

+ Adjective

p. 158

1. (D)

3. (C)

2. (A)

05 Connecting Adverbs

Hackers Practice

p. 159

2. (B)

02 successive

03 every

04 comparable

05 continued

06 much

07 considerate

08 economical -+economic

3. (B)

06 Emphasizing Adverbs (1) 2. (C)

1. (B)

01 respective

p. 167

p. 168

3. (C)

07 Emphasizing Adverbs (2)

1. (C)

2. (D)

p. 169

3. (A)

09 permanently -+ permanent

10 fewer -+ less 08 Other Adverbs

11 like -+ likely

12 difference

-+

different

1. (C)

p. 170

2. (B)

3. (B)

13 understandable-+ understanding 14 locally .... local


p. 160

Part 5

p. 171

01 yet

02 so

03 too much

04 otherwise

05 very

06 also

01 (C)

02 (B)

03 (B)

04 (D)

05 (D)

07 right

08 wide -+ widely

06 (B)

07 (C)

08 (A)

09 (B)

10 (D)

09 closely .... close

10 Correct

11 (A)

12 (A)

13 (B)

14 (C)

15 (A)

11 impartiality -+ impartially

12 final .... finally

19 (A)

20 (D)

13 Correct

14 substantial -+

16 (B)

17 (C)

18 (D)

substantially

Part 6

21 (D)

22 (C)

23 (C)

Hackers Test

p. 172

Part 5

Chapter 15 Adverbs 01 Functions and Positions of Adverbs 1. (A)

2. (D)

p. 163

3. (C)

01 (B)

02 (C)

03 (C)

04 (C)

05 (B) 10(A)

06 (A)

07 (D)

08 (A)

09 (D)

11 (D)

12 (A)

13 (A)

14 (B)

15 (B)

16 (A)

17 (C)

18 (B)

19 (D)

20 (B)

22 (D)

23 (A)

Part 6

21 (C) 02 Confusing Adverbs

1. (D)

2. (A)

p. 164

3. (C) Chapter 16 Prepositions

03 Adverbs of Time

1. (B)

2. (A)

p. 165

3. (C)

01 Preposition In I At /On 1. (B)

04 Adverbs of Frequency

1. (D)

2. (B)

p. 175 3. (C)

p. 166 3. (C)

02 Prepositions of Time 1. (C)


2. (B)

2. (C)

p. 176 3. (B)

www.nhantriviet.com

03 Prepositions of Place

t

1. (A)

2. (D)

p. 177

3. (B)

Section 5 Conjunctions and Clauses Chapter 17 Coordinating Conjunctions,

Correlative Conjunctions 04 Prepositions of Direction 1. (B)

2. (A)

p. 178

3. (B)

1. (B)

os Prepositions of Reason, Concession, Purpose, Exception, and Addition 1. (B)

2. (B)

01 Coordinating Conjunctions 2. (B)

p. 189

3. (D)

02 Correlative Conjunctions p. 179

1. (A)

2. (D)

p. 190

3. (C)

3. (A)

Hackers Practice 06 Preposition Of and Others 1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (A)

p. 180

07 Other Prepositions

p. 181

1. (A)

2. (B)

3. (D)

08 Common Expressions Formed by Verb I Adjective I Noun+ Preposition p. 182 1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (B)

p. 191

01 and 03 or 05 for 07 and so 09 neither --+ not 11 both --+ either 13 yet --+ and

02 but 04 and yet 06 and 08 not only __, both 10 and--+ but 12 or--+ nor 14 also__, or

Hackers Test

p. 192

Part 5

Hackers Practice

p. 183

01 over 03 of 05 Despite 07 Aside from 09 on --+ in 11 Until __, After

02 Due to 04 during 06 throughout 08 on--+ at 10 Correct 12 for__, of

13 to--+ for

14 since--+ by

Hackers Test

01 (C) 06 (A) 11 (A) 16 (D)

02 (D) 07 (D) 12 (C) 17 (D)

03 (D) 08 (C) 13 (B) 18 (C)

22 (D)

23 (C)

04 (A) 09 (B) 14 (C) 19 (A)

05 (B) 10 (C) 15 (B) 20 (B)

Part 6

21 (C)

Chapter 18 Noun Clauses p. 184

01 Positions of Noun Clauses 1. (C)

2. (D)

p. 195

3. (C)

Part 5

01 (C) 06 (B) 11 (D)

16 (D)

02 (B) 07 (A) 12 (C) 17 (B)

03 (D) 08 (C) 13 (A) 18 (C)

04 (C) 09 (D) 14 (C) 19 (C)

05 (B) 10 (C) 15(A) 20 (A)

Part 6

21 (~L.

... ~l~~J., ., . ~,, 23 (~~-~::.',;;..; '-~ <.:·<::·~,.,., .• "· ···"····""'·,··

02 Noun Clauses Introduced by That 1. (A)

2. (B)

3. (B)

p. 196

03 Noun Clauses Introduced by If/Whether 1. (A)

2. (B)

Chapter 19 Relative Clauses

p. 197

3. (C)

I 01

Positions and Functions of Relative Clauses 1. (C)

04 Noun Clauses Introduced by an Interrogative Word 1. (D)

2. (C)

2. (C)

p.

2os l

3. (D) -----------'

p. 198

j

3. (A)

02 Relative Pronouns 1. (B)

2. (D)

3. (A)

r--------

05 Noun Clauses Introduced by a Compound Relative Pronoun 1. (B)

2. (C)

I 03

3. (C)

Usage of Relative Pronouns 1. (C)

06 Distinguishing between What and That

1. (C)

2. (D)

p. 208

04 Relative Adverbs 1. (A)

2. (B)

3. (D)

p. 201

01 that

02 which

03 that

04 whether

05 Whoever

06 what

Hackers Practice

07 that 08 when the time is right to make a change - object of a verb 09 How the company manages to stay afloat with all its debt - subject 10 what roads had been blocked due to the accident - object of a preposition 11 what the receptionists have requested numerous times ..... subject complement 12 that quality service should be provided to everyone ..... appositive 13 why 10 percent of profit must go to pension funds - object of a verb 14 that some exports will have to be cut back because of inventory shortages ..... subject complement

p. 209

01 which

02 who

03 whose

04 that

05who

06 which

07 whose

08 where - which/that

09 is directed ..... are directed

10 having ..... has

11 when ..... which/that

12 that ..... which

13 them ..... which

14 Correct

Hackers Test

p. 210

Part 5 01 (A)

02 (D)

03 (B)

04 (C)

05 (C)

06 (C)

07 (A)

08 (B)

09 (B)

10 (C)

11 (D)

12 (B)

13 (A)

14 (A)

15 (C)

16 (C)

17 (B)

18 (B)

19 (C)

20 (C)

22 (A)

23 (D)

Part 6 ~~1(C)

Hackers Test

3. (B)

p. 200

3. (A)

Hackers Practice

2. (B)

p. 202

Chapter 20 Adverb Clauses 01 Positions and Functions of Adverb Clauses 1. (C)

552

Hackers TOEIC Read1ng

2. (C)

p. 213

3. (D)

www nh mtrM 1rt,rr1

1. (B)

1

2. (D)

Section 6 Special Structures

p. 214

02 Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses of Time 3. (A)

Chapter 21 Comparison

03 Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses of Condition and Concession 2. (C) 3. (D) 1. (A)

[ 01 Comparison of Equality 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (C)

p. 225 1

p. 215

02 Comparative 1. (D) 04 Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses of Reason, Purpose, Result, Exception and Others 1. (B)

I

05 Compound Relative Adverbs / Pronouns 2. (B)

3. (C)

2. (D)

3. (D)

03 Superlative 1. (B)

1. (C)

2. (D)

p. 216

3. (A)

2. (B)

p. 227

p. 217

3. (C)

I

04 Other Structures of Comparison 1. (B)

106Adverb Clause Conjunctions vs. Prepositions l 1. (A)

2. (C)

01 As 03 until 05 in case 07 so that 09 Despite

-+

Although

13 while --+ because

3. (B)

Hackers Practice p.

11 although --+ because

2. (A)

p. 21sl

3. (D)

Hackers Practice

p. 226

219

02 Although 04 Even though 06 if 08 even -+ even though 10 during -+ while 12 as soon .... as soon as 14 unless when -+ unless

p. 229

02 more easily 01 than 04 No sooner 03 often 06 than 05 by far 08 more --+ the more 07 just 09 to --+ as 10 more -+ most 11 economically --+ economical 12 when --+ than 14 high--+ higher 13 much -+ many

Hackers Test

p. 230

Part 5

Hackers Test

p. 220

Part 5

01 (D) 06 (D) 11 (D) 16 (B)

02 (A) 07 (C) 12 (C) 17 (C)

03 (D) 08 (C) 13 (B)

22 (A)

'~~~J9

18 (A)

04 (D) 09 (B) 14 (C) 19 (B)

05 (C) 10 (B) 15 (D) 20 (C)

01 (B) 06 (B) 11 (D) 16 (D)

02 (D) 07 (A) 12 (C) 17 (B)

03 (A) 08 (D) 13 (C) 18 (D)

22 (D)

23 (C)

04 (C) 09 (B) 14 (A) 19 (C)

05 (D) 10 (C) 15 (B) 20 (A)

Part 6

. 21 (B)

Part 6

21 (y)


101 Parallelism l 1. (D)

p. 233 1 2. (B)

3. (B)

p. 234

02 Inversion

p. 248

3. (A)

2. (D)

1. (B)

Hackers Test

Hackers Practice

p. 235

01 durable

02 Seldom

03 stretching

04 distribute

05 Should

06 understand

07 reliable

08 encourage

09 Correct

10 Have

11 train -+ training 13 satisfactory -+

12 turn

-+

-+

-+

encouragement

Chapter 02

Had

Collocations with Adjectives

turns

Hackers Practice

14 Correct

satisfaction

Hackers Test

p. 236

p. 253

01 of

02 dedicated

03 to

04 irrelevant

05 to

06 superior

07 with

08 made

Part 5

09 from

10 of

01 (B)

02 (A)

03 (C)

04 (C)

05 (D)

11 for

12 in

06 (D)

07 (C)

08 (D)

09 (A)

10 (B)

11 (D)

12 (D)

13 (A)

14 (B)

15 (C)

16 (A)

17 (C)

18 (D)

19 (A)

20 (D)

22 (D)

23 (C)

Hackers Test

p. 254

Part 6 21 (B)

Vocabulary Section 1 Collocations Chapter 01

Collocations with Prepositions

Hackers Practice 01 by

Chapter 03 p. 247

Collocations with Verbs 11I

Hackers Practice

p. 259

02 with 04 comparison

01 by

02 from

05 of

06 above all

03 with

04 return

07 observance

08 on

05 on

06 of

09 honor

10 at

07 in

08 to

12 in particular

09 for

10 assigned

14 upon 16 request

11 entitled

12 as

13 to

14 to

15 with

16 drape

03 effect

11 for 13 more 15 out of 17 from 19 on


18 with 20 convenience

17 in

www.nhantriviet.com

Hackers Test

p. 260

Chapter 04 Collocations with Verbs (2)

Hackers Practice

Hackers Test

p. 272

Chapter 06 Other Collocations p. 265

Hackers Practice

p. 277

01 short

02 advantage

01 instantly

02 seriously

03 effect

04 in for

03 wage

04 unlimited

05 care

06 in

05 offers

06 extremely

07 to

08 look

07 informed

08 catch

09 up

10 for

09 extreme

10 cautiously

11 up on

12 utmost

11 interest

12 finished

13 visual

14 inherently

15 needs

16 full

17 upcoming

18 raise

Hackers Test

p. 266

Hackers Test

p. 278

Chapter 05 Collocations with Nouns

Hackers Practice

p. 271

01 exposure

02 overhead

03 of

04 Maximum

05 of

06 in

07 participants

08 on

09 for

10 of

11 over

12 concerning

Section 2 Content Words Chapter 07 Verbs

Hackers Practice

p. 288

01 tend

02 organize

03 cause

04 visit

05 expected

06 consider

07 use

08 includes

09 predicts

10 decline

11 complete

12 introduced

13 examine

14 expand

151abor

16 avoid

Chapter 09 Adjectives

17 reminded

18 fit

19 offer

20 insert


p. 289

Part 5

p. 308

01 increasing

02 popular

03 worth

04 reasonable

05 confident

06 unexpected

01 (C)

02 (B)

03 (A)

04 (D)

05 (A)

07 coming

08 perishable

06 (C)

07 (C)

08 (A)

09 (D)

10 (A)

09 existing

10 pleased

11 (B)

12 (C)

13 (D)

14 (D)

15 (C)

11 complimentary

12 rich

16 (D)

17 (A)

18 (B)

19 (C)

20 (B)

Part 6 21 (A) .

Hackers Test

22 .....(D).. ,~_;. ·~. ~.:r~a..~ : 23 .(...D) .• ..,. ~~;:.A~

p. 309

Part 5

Chapter 08 Nouns

Hackers Practice

01 (D)

02 (B)

03 (B)

04 (B)

05 (A)

06 (D)

07 (D)

08 (C)

09 (B)

10 (D)

11 (D)

12(C)

13 (B)

14(A)

15 (C)

16 (A)

17 (B)

18(D)

19 (A)

20 (C)

p. 298 Part 6

01 developments

02 advice

03 appreciation

04 attire

05 commerce

06 damage

07 development

08 exception

09 lecture

10 apparel

11 responsibility

12 envelope

,_21 (C)

13 improvement

14 inconvenience 16 collection

17 slowdown

18 minimum

Hackers Practice

19 neutrality

p. 299

Part 5 01 (B)

02 (D)

03 (B)

04 (D)

05 (C)

06 (C)

07 (B)

08 (A)

09 (B)

10 (D)

11 (B)

12 (C)

13 (D)

14 (A)

15 (B)

16 (A)

17 (C)

18 (D)

19 (C)

20 (B)

22 (A)

23 (D)

Part 6 21 (B),

23 (D)

,:;. ,,·k.:SiiJ\ ,,-~~

Chapter 10 Adverbs

15 extinction

Hackers Test

. l?JB)

~

p. 317

01 late

02 presently

03 especially

04 separately

05 initially

06 frequently

07 Presumably

08 securely

09 once

10 finally

11 regularly

12 Apparently

13 equally

14 well

'

15 widely

Hackers Test

p.318

Part 5 01 (B)

02 (B)

03 (D)

04 (A)

05 (C)

06 (C)

07 (D)

08 (D)

09 (C)

10 (A)

'·"'12(D)

1~(2)

Part 6

,1,! (B)


www .n hantriv1et.com

Sect i or<~

3 Content Words with Similar Meaning

Chapter 11 Verbs with Similar Meaning

Hackers Test

Reading Section 1 Types of Questions Chapter 01 Overview Questions

p. 326

Hackers Practice

p. 349

Reading Practice

01 (B)

02 (A)

03 (B)

04 (C)

08 (A)

Paraphrasing Practice

05 (B)

06 (B)

07 (B)

10(A)

11 (B)

12 (A)

Hackers Test

Chapter 12 Nouns with Similar Meaning

01 (C)

Hackers Test

09 (B)

p. 352

02 (D)

p. 332

Chapter 02 Information Questions

Hackers Practice

p. 355

Reading Practice

01 (C)

02 (A)

03 (A)


Chapter 13 Adjectives, Adverbs with Similar

Meaning

Hackers Test

04 (B)

05 (A)

06 (A)

09 (A)

10 (B)

11 (B)

07 (B)

08 (B)

p. 338

Hackers Test

Chapter 03

p. 358

NOT I TRUE Questions

Hackers Practice

p. 361

Reading Practice

01 (C)

02 (A)

03 (B)


04 (B) 09 (A)

05 (A)

06 (A)

10 (B)

11 (A)

07 (B)

08 (B)

An
~57

Hackers Test 01 (C)

02 (B)

p. 364

Section 2 Single Passages Chapter 06 E-mails I Letters

03 (B)

Hackers Practice

p. 387

Reading Practice Chapter 04 Inference Questions

01 (B)

Hackers Practice 02 (A)

03 (A)

p. 367

Hackers Test

Reading Practice

01 (C)

02 (B)

03 (A)

01 (B)

02 (C)

p. 388 03 (D)

04 (A)


04 (A) 09 (B)

05 (A) 10 (A)

06 (B) 11 (B)

07 (B)

08 (A) Chapter 07 Advertisements

Hackers Test 01 (C)

02 (A)

p. 370

Hackers Practice Reading Practice

03 (C)

01 (C)

Hackers Practice 02 (A) 07 (A) 12 (A) 17 (B)

21 (A) 26 (B) 31 (A) 36 (B) 41 (A) 46 (B) 51 (A)

22 (B) 27 (A) 32 (A) 37 (A) 42 (A) 47 (A) 52 (B) 57 (A)

56 (A)

p.378 03 (B) 08 (B) 13 (A)

04 (A) 09 (A) 14 (B)

05 (A) 10 (A) 15 (A)

18 (A) 23 (B) 28 (B) 33 (B) 38 (B) 43 (B) 48 (A) 53 (A) 58 (B)

19 (A) 24 (B)

20 (B)

29 (B) 34 (A) 39 (A) 44 (A) 49 (B) 54 (A)

25 (A) 30 (A) 35 (A) 40 (B) 45 (A) 50 (B) 55 (A)

59 (A)

60 (A)

01 (C)

Hackers Test

02 (B)

p. 394 03 (B)

04 (B)

05 (D)

Hackers Practice

p. 399

Reading Practice

01 (A)

02 (B)

03 (C)

Hackers Test , 01 (D) li~

02 (A)

03 (C)

Chapter 08 Notices & Announcements

&06 (C)

01 (B)

02 (A)

Hackers Test

Chapter 05 Synonym Questions

01 (A) 06 (A) 11 (B) 16 (A)

p. 393

02 (B) I,

p. 400

03 (B) ""~

vw

04 (B) '

\~

~-

;j<""--"'~

05 (D) •

"'

p. 380

03 (B)

04 (C)

Chapter 09 Articles & Reports

Hackers Practice

p. 405

Reading Practice

01 (C)


02 (B)

03 (B)

www.nhantriviet.com

Hackers Test 01 (B)

02 (D)

06 \D)

07 (B)

p. 406 03 (D)

04 (B)

05 {C)

Section 3 Double Passages Chapter 13

E-mail I Letter-Related Readings

Hackers Practice

p. 429

Reading Practice 01 (B) Chapter 10

Hackers Practice

p. 411

Reading Practice 01 (C)

02 (B)

03 (B)

Hackers Test 01 (D)

02 (B)

03 (B)

04 (C)

Memorandums

02 (B)

Hackers Test

p. 430

01 (A)

02 (B)

03 (B)

04 (B)

05 (D)

06 (B)

07 (A)

08 (B)

09 (C)

10 (B)

Chapter 14

Advertisement-Related Readings

p. 412 03 (C)

04 (A)

05 (B)

Hackers Practice

p.435

Reading Practice Chapter 11

Information

01 (C)

Hackers Practice 02 (A)

03 (B)

04 (C)

p. 417

Hackers Test

Reading Practice 01 (B)

02 (C)

03 (C)

Hackers Test

p.436

01 (A)

02 (B)

03 (D)

04 (A)

05 (B)

06 (D)

07 (C)

08 (B)

09 (B)

10 (C)

Chapter 15

Announcement-Related Readings

p. 418

Hackers Practice Chapter 12

Non-Prose Readings


Hackers Practice

p. 441

02 (B)

03 (A)

04 (B)

p.423


02 (C)

Hackers Test

03 (B)

Hackers Test 01 (D)

02 (B)

p. 442

01 (B)

02 (D)

03 (A)

04 (B)

05 (B)

06 (B)

07 (C)

08 (C)

09 (A)

10 (C)

p.424 03 (B)

04 (C)

05 (D)

A................

ccn

Chapter 16

Article-Related Readings

Hackers Practice

p. 447


02 (C)

03 (C)

04 (B)

Hackers Test

p.

m~

m~

oo~

M~

~~

06 (B)

07 (D)

08 (A)

09 (B)

10 (D)

Chapter 17

Non-Prose-Related Readings

Hackers Practice

168 (D)

169 (A)

170 (B)

171 (D)

172 (A)

173 (B)

174 (B)

175 (A)

176 (A)

177 (D)

178 (B)

179 (C)

180 (D)

181 (C)

182 (B)

183 (C)

184 (B)

185 (C)

186 (D)

187 (B)

188 (A)

189 (D)

190 (D)

191 (B)

192 (B)

193 (C)

194 (C)

195 (D)

196 (C)

197 (C)

198 (C)

199 (A)

,200 (B)

448

,..

Actual Test 2

p. 453

Reading Practice 01 (A)

02 (A)

03 (C)

04 (B)

Hackers Test

p.

01 (Dj

02 (C)

03 (B)

04 (B)

05 (A)

06 (B)

07 (C)

08 (A)

09 (B)

10 (C)

454

Actual Test 1


www nhantriviet.com

hackers_reading.pdf

Recommend Documents