Design Proposal for the Amsterdam Schiphol Airport
Dr. Hatem MOKHTARI Radio Planning Group 6 August, 1998
Distribution list Telfort Mobiel
Taher Farkondeh David Charlton Bob Berger Frits Vrijlandt Henk Boonzaayer Martin Janssen Steve Houghton Theo van der Wiel Russel Whitworth Sean O’Neil Gary Hawkins Radio Planning Team Leaders
CONTENTS
1. Introduction..............................................................................................................4 2. Identification of Coverage Areas and Access Points.............................................4 3. Coverage areas .........................................................................................................7 4. Adopted solution options.........................................................................................7 4.1. ARRIVALS…………………………………………………………………… 7 4.2. PLANE TERMINALS………………………………………………………….. 8 4.1. DEPARTURES………………………………………………………………... 9 5. Concluding remarks ..............................................................................................11 ANNEXE 1 : Cost estimate and number of antennas and BTSs required………………..12 ANNEXE 2 : Design Block Diagrams for Arrivals, Plane Terminals, and Departures……13
Design of the Amsterdam Schiphol Airport 1. Introduction The Amsterdam Schiphol airport, one of the busiest international airports in the world, is expected to provide substantial roaming traffic and hence, revenues, for our mobile network. Because mobile units often pick the strongest received signal to derive service from while roaming, it is imperative that we provide very good coverage throughout the Schiphol Airport complex. 2. Identification of Coverage Areas and Access Points Irrespective of the design approach used, antennas will need to be placed in a large number of areas to provide adequate signal levels to subscriber units. Radio Planning has identified the following general areas for coverage: • • • • •
All plane terminals (Gates B through G), including the inter-connecting walkways, shown in Figure 1. The Arrival lounge which includes the baggage claim, visitor waiting, shopping, and information areas. This is shown in Figure 2. The Departure lounge, including the check-in and shopping areas, shown in Figure 3. The underground train station below the arrival hall (not shown). The rental car and parking garages, including the corridor between these and the main airport building (not shown).
It is assumed that the mobile traffic immediately outside of the airport building and on the road approaches to and from the airport will be covered by an external cell site on an airport building or in its immediate vicinity. Several Access Points (which are basically the desired antenna locations) have thus been identified in each of the above areas. These are also shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3 for the terminals, arrivals, and departure halls respectively and listed in Table 1 below. The seemingly large number of access points are necessitated by the modular construction of the airport, the radio propagation environment, limitations of the equipment used, as well as the need to provide very good signal levels to subscribers. The access point locations shown are based on site surveys achieved with our Site Acquisition team and the airport representative. The Amsterdam Schiphol Airport has initially been pre-designed using basic assumptions concerning the access points (location of antennas) and some subjective decisions related to the expected traffic within the Airport’s indoor environment. Visiting the whole Airport with its representatives revealed that the initial design has to be modified because some sites cannot be acquired or merely the solution adopted is not a feasible and viable option. Moreover, some restrictions arose concerning the possibility of installing our infrastructure (BTSs and/or antennas). Subsequently, the
RP Support Group ought to modify the configuration and/or the location of the BTSs and the antennas within each visited building. This document yields the detailed design according to the above mentioned constraints.
Amsterdam Schiphol Airport
Access Points with Omni antenna’s Access Points with Shark-fin antenna’s
Figure 1: Terminals – Antenna location for Terminals
Access Points with Omni antenna’s Access Points with Shark-fin antenna’s
Figure 2: Arrivals – Antenna locations for Arrival areas
Figure 3: Departures – Antenna locations for Departure areas
Table 1: Distribution of Access Points
1.
2.
3.
4. 5.
Plane Terminals Gates B Gates C Gates D Gates E Gates F Gates G Arrivals Arrivals 1 Arrivals 2 Arrivals 3 Shopping Plaza Departures Departures 1 Departures 1 Departures 1 Railway Station Parking Garage Total
* Tentative, pending approval of appropriate authorities.
3. Coverage areas
9 Access Points 1 1 3 1 2 1 6 Access Points 1 1 2 2 7 Access Points 2 1 2 1 Access Point* 2 Access Points* 25 Access Points
The areas to be covered are the same as those previously mentioned in the initial document except that the actual proposal does not include the train station and the parking garages. These shall be added later on when the visit has been completed with the concerned authorities. Moreover, although the areas to be covered remain the same as initially identified, the Access Points (antennas) are subjected to potential change after the RP Support Group’s visit with the Site Acquisition representative of the Schiphol Airport in-building areas. 4. Adopted solution options Because of the various conditions of installation and clutter environments within the Schiphol Airport, different solutions have to be considered. The design proposal had to be undertaken on a case-by-case basis since both the technical and the environmental constraints are to be considered. For example, there are some cases where the BTS-antenna distance might not be short to overcome the high RF losses encountered in the 1800 MHz frequency band and a fiber optic solution seemed to fulfil our requirements. The details of the identified design solutions are given as follows : 4. 1. Arrivals i) Arrivals 1 (South)
Smoke-Alarm antenna highly preferred Antenna Location : Outside or inside the roof (in the middle of the main room) Compact-BTS (shared) RF Cable : 45 m approximately Possible equipment location : Room # 0680 Comments : Space for only one RBS 2202 Unit
ii) Arrivals 2
Shark-fin antenna but might not be allowed by the Airport Antenna Location : Between belt 10 and belt 11 Compact-BTS (shared) RF Cable: 45 m + 80 m = 125 m approximately. Possible equipment location : Room # 0680 Comments : Space for only one RBS 2202 Unit
iii) Corridor between Arrivals 2 and Arrivals 3
Shark-Fin antenna Micro-BTS RF Cable : 15 m maximum Comments : Very Low Priority (corridor may be covered by Arrivals 1 and Arrivals 2 BTSs)
iv) Arrivals 3 (West)
Shark-Fin or a Smoke-Alarm antenna Antenna Location : Near belt 17 Compact BTS (shared) RF Cable : 50 m Possible equipment location : Room # 2357
4. 2. Plane Terminals i) Lounge West (between Gate F and G)
Thick Cylindrical antenna (2 dBi) Antenna Location : at the end of the escalator towards the café bar Compact BTS (shared) RF Cable : 50 m Possible equipment location : Room # 2357
ii) Gate G
Thick Cylindrical antenna (2 dBi) Compact-BTS RF Cable 55 m Possible equipment location : down stairs room # GP-0131 Comments : No space available nearby the antenna for micro-BTS
v) Gate F (splitting point area)
Smoke-Alarm antenna Part of a Compact BTS (2 TRXs) RF Cable : 10 m Possible equipment location : Room # 1471
vi) Gate F (main corridor)
Shark-Fin antenna Part of a Compact BTS (4 TRXs) RF Cable : 80 m Possible equipment location : Room # 1471
vii) 2nd Floor between Gate F and E
Smoke-Alarm antenna Micro-cell RF Cable : 15 m Possible equipment location : Room # EF-2639
Comments : highly important business area. Libertel installed a smoke-alarm antenna with a microcell.
viii) Gate E
Shark-Fin Antenna Location : in the middle of the Gate inside the illuminator signs RF Cable : 10 m Micro-BTS Possible equipment location : Room # EP-1140
ix) Gates C and B
Two Shark-Fin antennas, one in each center of Gate C and B respectively Optical Solution : 1 Master Unit + 2 Remote Units Fiber Optic Cable : 2×300 m = 600 m Compact BTS Possible equipment location : Room # 0314
x) Gate D (TOP)
Very good clearance with respect to the neighboring outdoor sites : No additional indoor coverage is hence required.
xi) Gate D (BOTTOM)
One Shark-Fin antenna in the middle of each corridor (D main, D1 and D2) Compact BTS (2 TRXs for each of the 3 corridors) 1 Master Unit 3 Remote Units (one for each antenna) Fiber optic cable : 200 m + 2×300 m = 800 m Possible equipment location : Room # DP-C028 Comments : Only fiber optic solution is possible because of long distances (high RF cable losses in 1800 MHz band) between the BTS and the antennas.
4. 3. Departures i) Small metallic walls check-in room
Omnidirectional antenna Micro-BTS RF Cable : 15 m Possible equipment location : available room within the check-in itself
ii) Departures 1
Omnidirectional antenna Compact BTS RF Cable : 45 m
Possible equipment location : room # 0680
iii) Departures 2
Omnidirectional smoke-alarm antenna (2 dBi) Micro-BTS RF Cable 15 m Possible equipment location : down stairs room #1415
iv) Between Lounge Central and Lounge South
Ominidirectional smoke-alarm antenna is required Micro-BTS RF Cable 15 m Comments : The Airport representative informed us that no antenna is to be installed immediately because the building will be destroyed and reconstructed again. It is therefore preferrable that Telfort waits until the reconstruction has been completed to install the required infrastructure.
v) Plaza (around the Meeting Point)
Omnidirectional Smoke-Alarm Compact-BTS RF Cable : 40 m Possible equipment location : behind the Libertel advertisement
vi) Plaza (Behind the Shopping Area)
Shark-Fin antenna Micro-BTS Antenna Location : Near the “Juggle Sandwich Bar” RF Cable : 50 m Possible equipment location : room # 0547
vii) Departures 3
Smoke Alarm antenna Micro-BTS RF Cable : 15 m Possible equipment location : Room # TERW-A117 comments : Low priority because the outdoor macro should be sufficient. If the traffic becomes an issue, then a TRX extension will have to be undertaken on the outdoor serving cell.
5. Concluding remarks The main concern was the coverage of the strategic areas within the Schiphol Airport buildings with a rough estimate of the expected traffic. Furthermore, Telfort should consider that the traffic will no longer be uniformly distributed and, therefore,
more refined traffic estimate will have to be undertaken. The proposed design takes into account the RP’s observations on the field but also combines the information given by the Airport’s representatives concerning the best locations to be used for both the antennas and the BTSs. Furthermore, it is very important to point out that the design given in this proposal shall be used provided that each equipment room and antenna location will remain unchanged.
ANNEXE 1
Table A1 : Number of Antennas and BTSs required Compact RBS 2202
Micro RBS 2301
7
8
SmokeAlarm Antennas 8
Shark-Fins ThickOmni 10
4
Table A2 : Infrastructure Cost Estimate (installation cost not included) RF Units for the entire airport complex Items Unit Price RBS2202 (6 TRXs) 106,672 RBS2301 (2 TRXs) 47,890 Master Units 28,719 Remote Units 25,340 1:2 Optical Splitter 237 1:4 Optical Splitter 1,808 Connectors (RF) 65 Connectors 68 (Optical) RF Cables (1/2”) 10/m Fiber Optic Cables 10.2/m APPROXIMATE TOTAL COST
Units Required 7 8 2 5 1 1 24 10
Subtotal 746,704 383,120 57,438 126,700 237 1,808 1,560 680
630 m 1,400 m
6,300 14,280 1,338,827
ANNEXE 2 Figure A1 : Design Block Diagram for Gate F RBS 2202 UNIT TRX 1
Hybrid Combining
TRX 2
RF Cable To Gate F (splitting Area)
TRX 3 TRX 4
Hybrid Combining
TRX 5
RF Cable To Gate F (Corridor)
TRX 6
Figure A2 : Design Block Diagram for Departures 1 and Arrivals 1 and 2
RBS 2202 UNIT TRX 1 TRX 2 TRX 3 TRX 4 TRX 5
Hybrid Combining
Hybrid Combining
Hybrid Combining
RF Cable To Arrivals 1
RF Cable To Arrivals 2
RF Cable To Departures 1
TRX 6
Figure A3 : Design Block Diagram for Gate C and B RBS 2202 UNIT + Hybrid Combiners
F/O Cable
TRX 1
RU TRX 2 TRX 3 TRX 4 TRX 5
To Gate C
Master Unit
1:2 Splitter
F/O Cable RU
TRX 6
To Gate B
Figure A4 : Design Block Diagram for Microcell-based solution RBS 2301 UNIT TRX 1 Short RF Cable Hybrid Combining TRX 2
To Microcell-based option Location
Figure A5 : Design Block Diagram for Arrivals 3 and Lounge West
RBS 2202 UNIT TRX 1 TRX 2
Hybrid Combining
RF Cable To Arrivals 3
TRX 3 RF Cable
TRX 4 Hybrid Combining
TRX 5 TRX 6
To Lounge West (between Gate F & G)
