GRAMMAR REVIEW 1: FRAGMENTS
The text below is taken from The Star newspaper entitled “Personal branding: Make your first impression impression your your best impressio impression”. n”. The excerpt excerpt contains contains ! errors errors in fragments. fragments. "dent "dentify ify the errors and correct them as shown in the example below:
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also need it. To pro#ect
Correction
also need it
to project
&randing is not #ust for companies and products. Professionals also need it . To pro#ect the right impression to colleagues' bosses and customers. customers. Personal branding is the business business of marketing the brand called ()*. Personal branding is a way of communicating. +hat makes makes you differ different ent and specia special.l. "t is abo about ut und unders erstan tanding ding your uni,ue uni,ue attrib attribute utess strengths' skills' alues' and passions - and using them to separate yourself from your competitors or peers. /oweer' do bear in mind that your brand is not your logo. (our brand is not your company name. (our brand is not your product. "n reality' you do not own your brand. (our brand is owned by your customers' the people you work with' and anyone else. +ho has an impression of you. (our brand is other people0s perception of what it is like to do business with you' work with you. )r be with you. you. (our (our brand is really a collection of perceptions in the mind of others.
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"f a client wanted a full branding makeoer. The first step is to hae the right mindset. The client needs to hae positie mindset to embrace change' to grow as an indiidual and to moe forward. (our thoughts are eerything. They form your moods' attitudes and habits. The second step is your packaging. packaging. (our (our packaging or Personal &randing &randing Toolkit Toolkit must coney the same message as your brand. This includes: (our wardrobe' business card' websites' 1acebook' blogs' Twitter' email address' etc. The third is consistency. )nce you hae established your own style and your brand. Stick to it. +alk your talk. Make the effort to ensure you gain a reputation for saying what you mean. 2nd meaning what you say.
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+endy 3ee' president of the Malaysian 2ssociation of &rand & rand 4 "mage 5onsultants 6M2&"57' said that in her years of experience as an image consultant' she has had clients coming to her for arious reasons. These are people who recently got promoted' who are now coming out to the workforce' who hae not bought any clothes in ages. )r who #ust simply want to learn something new.
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+hen potential employers call or e8mail. (ou must hae your “eleator speech” ready. The term “eleator speech” was probably coined from the idea. That we sometimes meet the important people in our lies in eleators. The odd situation we encounter in most eleators 111
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is that nobody speaks or looks at anyone else' and yet we hae a captie audience for that short short period of time. ery ery few people are ready to interact interact in case someone does speak. speak. The idea of an “eleator speech” is to hae a prepared presentation that grabs attention and says a lot in a few words. +ho you are' what you do' who your clients are' and what happens as a result could be part of your “eleator speech.
The proerb goes “;o not #udge a book by its coer'” but really' in this day and age' do we 9$ een hae the time to dele deeply into a person0s psyche before making a decision< (our outward - physical as well as cyber - appearance can and will make an impact on how the world perceies you. +ith so much hinging on your ability to present yourself in the best and most appealing way. 2re you sure you can afford to take personal branding lightly< Source: http://mystarjob.com/articles/story http://mystarjob.com/articles/story.aspx? .aspx? fle=/2012/2/3/mystarjob_atwor/2012020310!21" fle=/2012/2/3/mystarjob_atwo r/2012020310!21"#sec=mystarjob_atwor #sec=mystarjob_atwor
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Correction
GRAMMAR REVIEW 2: RN!"NS The excerpt below is featured in the column +orkCable tips in The Star newspaper. There are! run8on errors in the excerpt. "dentify the errors and correct them as shown in the example below:
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!
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Correction
itself # it is
"tself. It is
Mingling with people oer snacks and drinks should not be underestimated as it is a skill in itself # it is through such connections that one builds a chain of business associates and friends. Detworking is one of the most important and useful assets to hae for any young executie or for those who are about to enter the #ob market with Eeneration ( 6Een (7 being so adept with working the social media' using it to build networks for their profession should #ust be a breeFe. There are really no hard and fast rules on how you network' it certainly means going beyond telling the other person your name or standing around nursing a drink at functions. Gffectie networking is about a conscious effort to make sure the people you meet remember your name and know what you do' regardless of whether the person you meet is a corporate magnate or otherwise' you hae to offer some information about yourself and the business or profession you are in and take an interest in his or hers. "n order to do the latter' you need to hae sufficient knowledge in general to carry out a conersation that might be of mutual interest or learn how to take an interest in the other person by asking ,uestions without being intrusie or a pest' while networking can be a more effectie way to build relationships as it takes place on a less formal platform' your informal behaiour can sometimes send the wrong signals. There are many aenues where you can begin building your network it does not necessarily hae to be at cocktail functions. Some of the popular places where businessmen network are at breakfast meetings' non8profit organisations like Hotary 5lub and 3ions 5lub' pubs and of course' at the golf course' howeer' it need not be confined to these alone. "n short' networking is about getting to know as many people who will hae their name and basic 113
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biodata in your P;2 6personal digital assistant7 or in your head and you' on theirs' your relationship with them should be on a leel where they will pick up your telephone calls instead of ignoring them. 2n employee with a useful network of ac,uaintances and friends releant to the profession has an edge oer those who do not' howeer' one has to be reminded that networking is not about collecting names you can drop to gain personal benefits and priileges in the company.
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Those with an extensie network are deemed to hae the potential to help the company raise its profile and get new businesses they are also expected to gather business intelligence and help the /uman Hesources department “head hunt” for potential employees. "t is important to remember that a network is not built oernight' building a professional network re,uires a lot of homework.
Source: Iam' P.6 1ebruary %' %!%7. +eaing the network. The Star
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SIM$LE TENSES T%e &imple pre&ent! t%i& i& t%e 'er( ten&e )%ic% loo*& t%e &ame a& t%e (a&ic +orm. e., I know %er. S%e knows %im. T%e &imple pa&t i& t%e normal ten&e +or pa&t action&. &e &imple pa&t 'er(& i+ -o )ant to tal* a(ot a +ini&%e/ action or &itation.
Hemember that we do not use the simple past for things which are generally true 6in both past and present7. 1or this' use the simple present. Exerci&e 1
;ecide whether the following sentences should hae a simple present or simple past tense erb. . 3ast week' Gncik Hahim ==========6chair7 a meeting. %. Mary usually ========== 6arrie7 early for the Monday morning briefing. 9. Prisma Sdn. &hd. ========== 6produce7 a lot of electrical goods. >. She ========= 6finish7 her report ery ,uickly. $. ;oes eeryone ========== 6know7 Mrs Smith< ?. " hope you ========== 6hae7 a pleasant #ourney. @. They =========== 6decide7 to change the enue of the meeting at the ery last minute. A. ;on0t buy this car. "t ========== 6use7 too much petrol. B. +hat time ========== 6do7 the competition start this morning< 10.
The chairperson =========== 6look7 like a kind person.
$ERFECT TENSES The word perfect in perfect tenses literally means J ma/e completeJ or Jcompletel- /one .J The present perfect' past perfect and future perfect are used to show action already completed. They are formed by the appropriate tense of the erb to hae plus the past participle of the erb.
$re&ent $er+ect
+e use present perfect when an action is completed with respect to the present.
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The Present Perfect Tense to describe about experiences. "t focuses on whether we hae done it in our lies or not and not on when we did it. Examples They have been to the United Kingdom once. He has never read a novel. Have you ever studied French? Tip0 +e often use never and ever with the Present Perfect Tense to talk about
experience. The Present Perfect Tense is used to describe an action which started in the past and continuous up to now. Examples He has been an engineer for more than tenty years. They haven!t completed the pro"ect since #onday. Ho long have you been here? Tip0 +e often use since and for to say how long the action has lasted.
The Present Perfect Tense is also used to talk about a past action that has the result in the present. Examples $ have found my laptop. % $ have it no. &eanna has gone to the laboratory. % She isn!t here no. Have they completed their assignment? % $s their homeor' completed? Tip0 +e often use just ' already and yet with the Present Perfect Tense for an action in
the past with the result in the present.
$a&t $er+ect
The past perfect is used to show an action is completed with respect to the past. "t shows us which of two eents happened first. "magine that two things happened in the past: Past tense of to hae plus participle: I repaire/ t%e camera. We examine/ t%e camera in t%e la(orator-.
/ere' we donKt know which order the eents happened in. That may be important 88 perhaps " repaired the camera after the examination' or maybe " repaired the camera before the examination. There are many ways to make this se,uence clear' and the past perfect is one of them. This is how we do it: 11"
I repaire/ t%e camera. We examine/ t%e camera in t%e la(orator-.
/ere' we ID)+ that the examination took place 1"HST 88 een though the sentence describing it comes afterwards. +e examined the camera' and T/GD " repaired it. /ere is another example:
/e considered conducting an experiment on mutations' so he applied for a research grant. 2nn &t/ie/ about mutations' so he called her to find out more about mutations. 62nn was probably still studying about mutations when he called her.7
/e considered conducting an experiment on mutations' so he applied for a research grant. 2nn %a/ &t/ie/ about mutations' so he called her to find out more about mutations. 62nn no longer studied about mutations. She finished studying before he called her.7
Ftre per+ect
The +tre per+ect is used to describe an eent that is expected or planned to happen before another eent in the future. "t can also show that something will happen before a specific time in the future. 2ction is completed with respect to the future. 1uture Perfect has two different forms: Jwill hae doneJ and Jbe going to hae done.” 1or example: •
•
&y next year' " )ill %a'e ,ra/ate/ from the )xford *niersity. &y the time they get to the office' she i& ,oin, to %a'e complete/ the entire assignment.
•
5arl i& probably ,oin, to %a'e &ol/ the house by the time he leaves this country.
•
&y the time he finishes this meal' " )ill %a'e rea/ twenty pages of the noel.
Exerci&e 1
1ill in the spaces with the correct form of the erb in simple present perfect tense. Dote: 2ll of the past participles used will be regular. 11%
Gxample: Sean 6walk7 has walked to school since first grade. . Scientists at Massachusetts "nstitute of Technology 6complete7 ======== ========what is belieed to be the first ma#or study to assess the greenest way of drying your hands. %. The ;epartment of Gnergy and 5limate 5hange 6do7 ======== ========= better than expected with $L cuts for four years. 9. ust one week after finding feathers on the ancestor of Tyrannosaurus Hex' 5hinese and *S scientists 6announce7 ======== ========= the discoery of a dinosaur curled up like a sleeping cygnet. >. 2ttempts by the 2rab 3eague to bring together the SD5 and a rial group known as the Syrian Dational 5o8ordination 5ommittee 6fail7 ========= ===========. $. 2 debut film that became the most successful independently funded "rish moie eer 6win7 ======== ========== the Euardian 1irst 1ilm 2ward.
Exerci&e 2 Complete t%e &entence& )it% t%e pa&t per+ect ten&e.
. 3ack of sleep makes #unior doctors as fuFFy as if they ======== ======== three or four beers' according to a study in the *S. 6to drink7 %. /e ======== ========== for eight weeks playing a powerful 3ierpudlian gangster modelled on ShakespeareKs Iing 3ear. 6to work7 9. She had proof that she ======= ======== my parking ticket but Gxcel turned down my appeal. 6to pay7 >. Sally told me you ========= ========== the old carriage a year before your daughterKs birth. 6buy7 $. " 6stay N neer7 ========= ========== ========== in 2laska before. /ow pricey hotels areO
Exerci&e Complete t%e &entence& )it% t%e +tre per+ect ten&e.
. " am ================= the risk assessment by the ?th anuary so " can take my pictures ready for my magaFine. 6going toN complete7
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%. She determined that within one year' she was ================= off eerything in her life' down to the brand new car she had purchased recently. 6going toN pay7 9. The bees ====================== out the comb into worker cells. 6willN draw7 >. The ,ueen ================= laying eggs into the cells. 6willN start7 $. )ne of your eggs ==================== into a follicle producing %N9 of your bodyKs supply of estrogen. 6willN grow7
MIS$LACE M"IFIERS
+hat are Modifiers< • •
Modifiers are words or phrases that further explain or intensify an action or a noun. Misplaced modifiers are modifiers that modify something you did not intend them to modify. 1or example' the word onl- in the sentences below is a modifier thatKs easy to misplace. (ou should place it as close as possible to what it describes. "f you donKt' your intended meaning may not be clear and appear to modify the wrong thing.
•
Mi&place/ mo/i+ier& are )or/& or p%ra&e& t%at are not locate/ properl- in relation to t%e )or/& t%e- mo/i+-. Thus' the sentences tend to be illogical or confusing in
meaning' and are /i++iclt to +ollo). 3o) /o )e *no) i+ a &entence %a& a mi&place/ mo/i+ier4
"t rarely makes sense if you analyse it carefully. 1or example:
5onsider the unintentional meanings in the following:
These two sentences mean different things:
o
" drafted onl- letters.
o
" onl- drafted letters.
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The first sentence " drafted only letters means that " drafted nothing but letters 8 no report' no minutes' #ust letters. The second sentence " only drafted letters means that all " did was to draft letters. " didnKt read' edit' correct' or modify them. " only drafted them.
Example (
2 painting was placed on the couch that 2nna had painted.
Sentence T%e mo/i+ier
that 2nna had painted
T%e $ro(lem
T%e 'er( 5painte/5 mo/i+ie& 5coc%5 not 5paintin,5
Correction
2 painting that 2nna had painted was placed on the couch.
T%e example a(o'e i& a mi&place/ mo/i+ier. To recti+- t%i& ,rammar error# re)rite t%e &entence &o t%at -o place t%e mo/i+ier& a& clo&e a& po&&i(le to t%e )or/&# p%ra&e&# or cla&e& t%e- mo/i+-.
Example 2
Sentence:
T%e ,rocer )rappe/ t%e 'e,eta(le& +or t%e c&tomer& pic*e/ +rom t%e &%el'e&.
T%e $ro(lem:
T%e mo/i+ier# 6pic*e/ +rom t%e &%el'e appear& to mo/i+- 6t%e c&tomer&.7 8eca&e t%e c&tomer& are not pic*e/ +rom t%e &%el'e&# t%i& i& a mi&place/ mo/i+ier.
Correction:
T%e ,rocer )rappe/ t%e 'e,eta(le& pic*e/ +rom t%e &%el'e& +or t%e c&tomer&
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Example 3
5onsider the unintentional meanings in the following:
INC"RRECT
C"RRECT
The amateur chef was preparing the
The amateur chef in white trousers was
dishes in white trousers.
preparing the dishes. Mowing the lawn yesterday' " had to
" had to remoe the flower pots mowing
remoe the flower pots.
the lawn yesterday.
(ou also need to watch the placing of limiting modifiers: een' exactly' almost' scarcely' only' hardly' #ust' simply. "t is safest to position these words directly before the word they intensifyNmodifyNexaggerate. 1or example: • •
•
/e almo&t killed twenty flies. 2 group of consultants nearl- proposed a new design for a new township in Melaka. /e (arel- read any #ournal in his entire life.
"n these sentences' 88when he Jalmost killedJ' Jnearly proposedJ and “barely read” nothing happened. /e didnKt ,uite get around to doing those things. +hat is intended is: • •
•
/e killed almost twenty flies. 2 group of consultants proposed nearly a new design for a new township in Melaka. /e read barely any #ournal in his entire life.
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C%ec*li&t to pre'ent mi&place/ an/ /an,lin, mo/i+ier&
•
3ocate a modifier.
•
3ocate the word it is modifying.
•
Make sure the modifier is as close as possible to the word or phrase it is modifying.
•
Place limiting modifiers 6only' een' almost' nearly' #ust7 in front of the words they modify.
CLEAR 9 Q;
NCLEAR 9;
(ou will onl- need to draft one pile of letters.
(ou will need to draft onl- one pile of letters. 6J)nlyJ modifies Jone'J not Jneed.J7
Modifying phrases and clauses should be placed close to what they modify.
CLEAR 9 Q;
NCLEAR 9;
The interiewer was described as a four8foot8 The interiewer was described as a four8foot8 petite man with a large mole on his nose
petite man weighing %!! pounds with a large
weighing %!! pounds.
mole on his nose. 6J%!! poundsJ describes the man' not the nose.7
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Sentences should flow from sub#ect to erb to ob#ect without lengthy detours along the way. +hen aderbs separate sub#ect from erb' erb from ob#ect' or helping8erb from main8 erb' the result can be awkward or confusing.
CLEAR 9 Q;
NCLEAR 9;
Tia' after failing to reie the baby' decided to 2fter failing to reie the baby' Tia decided to seek for assistance.
seek for assistance. 6Sub#ect and erb are no longer separated.7
"nfinities 6JtoJ R erb' such as: Jto go'J Jto catch'J Jto shoutJ7 usually should not be split unless necessary' especially in formal writing.
NCLEAR 9;
CLEAR 9 Q;
The long8suffering man must try to' if possible'
"f possible' the long suffering man must try to
stay away from fatty food.
stay away from fatty food.
Exerci&e 1
*se the following steps to check for Misplaced Modifiers. i. ii. iii.
1ind the modifier. Make sure the modifier has something to modify. Make sure the modifier is as close as possible to the word' phrase' or clause it modifies.
. The man informed me all about his upcoming pro#ects in the green suit. =============================================================================
%. Hesponding to the foreign substance' the scientists obsered the chemical. 123
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9. The lady shouted across the street wearing a +onder +oman costume. =============================================================================
>. " can0t beliee the municipal council has almost torn down the whole historical building. =============================================================================
$. The security guard was so exhausted that he nearly had forty winks #ust now. =============================================================================
?. +e saw a rubbish dumping site on the way to the campus. =============================================================================
@. +e saw a tent behind the building made of plastic sheets. =============================================================================
A. 2fter following the nutritional programme for a year' his dietician told him that his health had improed. ============================================================================= ============================================================================= B. &eing only three' the teacher could not understand his speech. =============================================================================
!. " remember seeing the picture of the terrorist who had been killed on one of the websites. =============================================================================
C"M$LE<# C"M$"N an/ C"M$LE< SENTENCES
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T=$ES "F SENTENCES
T-pe& o+ Sentence&
Explanation
SIM$LE
/as independent clause' contains a &(>ect and a 'er(' and it expresses a complete thought. /undreds of students protested the prohibition of sub#ect
erb
selling snacks. )ne of the apprentices likes to conduct experiments in sub#ect
erb
the afternoons. Sometimes a simple sentence also contains t)o &(>ect& 6compound sub#ect7. The endor and " sell twenty computers eery month. 2 simple sentence too may contain t)o &(>ect& 6compound sub#ect7 as well as t)o 'er(& 6compound erb7. The endor and " sell twenty computers and three speaker phones eery month.
C"M$"N
/as two independent clauses #oined by a coor/inator . The coordinators are as follows: +or ' an/' nor ' (t' or ' -et' &o. /undreds of students protested the prohibition of selling snacks' but the school failed to address the situation. /e aimed to draft a technical report Spanish' and independent clause
coordinators
his colleague aimed to draft a feasibility report. 12$
independent clause
C"M$LE<
/as an independent clause #oined by one or more dependent clauses. 2 complex sentence always has a &(or/inator such as (eca&e# &ince# a+ter# alt%o,%# or when or a relatie pronoun such as t%at# )%o# or )%ic%. Alt%o,% hundreds of students protested the prohibition
of selling snacks' the school failed to address the situation. +hen she distributed the newspapers' dependent clause
she forgot to gie out the brochures. independent clause
Exerci&e 1 Rea/ t%e +ollo)in, &entence& an/ /eci/e i+ t%e- are &imple# compon/ or complex &entence&.
. Shin and Shan bicker eery now and then oer where they should hae their meal. %. Doel loes to go to the laboratory and spend his mornings experimenting. 9. Shan argues there is nothing wrong with swimming in the rier' eating at the hawker centres' or shopping at the small shops. >. Peter dislikes studying in the library he constantly gets distracted. $. 3ast night' after extensie' noisy row' we decided to take two doses of accinations. ?. The bus was late' but we managed to reach our destination on time. @. 2lthough there are many books in the library' the students refuse to study in the library. A. 1ie hundred Iuala 3umpur children protested the prohibition on the sale of snack foods in schools.
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B. Two hundred ciilians were killed in the "ra, war' but the #ournalist failed to coer the story. !. 2lthough some water spilled on the scripts' the scientists managed to read the results. . 3iam will be delighted if he wins the contest again. %. +e packed all the leftoer food after the dinner. 9. Gen though he en#oyed reading' he will not buy any comics because he only reads short stories. >. Their employer was not impressed by their work performance. $. 2s soon as he heard the news' he rushed straight to the campus. ?. " am learning mechanical drawing' and last week " learned to draw a car. @. The sales are excellent' so " think this is a good inestment for him. A. 2my cooks a lot' but she neer cooks any 1rench dish. B. "f you leae your details to the receptionist' our manager will get in touch with you when he comes into the office.
%!. The pantry of these college students smells of cakes and coffee .
INIRECT S$EEC3 In/irect Speec%' also referred to as Reporte/ Speec%' is used when talking or writing about the past. "n writing minutes of a meeting' the pa&t ten&e is used because the issues discussed in the meeting hae already
taken place. /oweer' een if some of the issues are going to occur or hae yet to occur' it is adisable to use the past tense to aoid confusion. 8a&ic Ten&e C%art
The table below presents how tenses change from the direct speech 6what is being said during a meeting7 to indirect speech 6what is written as minutes of a meeting7. 12%
irect Speec%
In/irect Speec% 9Reporte/ Speec%;
Simple $re&ent
Simple $a&t
. Suhaimi said' “" %a'e the documents related to the pro#ect.” $re&ent Contino&
Suhaimi reporte/ that he %a/ the documents related to the pro#ect. $a&t Contino&
%. Hafisah said' “2ida i& meetin, Gn. /amdan' the programme director this afternoon.” $re&ent $er+ect
Hafisah in+orme/ us that 2ida )a& ,oin, to meet Gn. /amdan' the programme director that afternoon. $a&t $er+ect
9.Mariam said' “They %a'e ta*en the necessary e,uipment to the Main /all.” Simple $a&t
Mariam tol/ us that the committee members %a/ ta*en the necessary e,uipment to the Main /all.” $a&t $er+ect
>. 3inda said' “" prepare/ the letters for the 5hairman last +ednesday.”
3inda mentione/ that she %a/ prepare/ the letters for the 5hairman the preious +ednesday.
$a&t Contino&
$a&t $er+ect Contino&
$. &eng Ieong said' “Hai )a& preparin, the claim forms.” Ftre ? 8E 9pre&ent +orm; @ ,oin, to
&eng Ieong &tate/ that Hai %a/ (een preparin, the claim forms. 8E 9pa&t +orm; @ ,oin, to
?. HaFali said' “2iman i& ,oin, to /i&tri(te the flyers by next 1riday.” Mo/al 9$re&ent;
HaFali reporte/ that 2iman )a& ,oin, to /i&tri(te the flyers the following 1riday. Mo/al 9$a&t;
@. /elmi said' “DiFam )ill atten/ the meeting with us. Mo/al 9$re&ent;
/elmi an&)ere/ that DiFam )ol/ atten/ the meeting with them. Mo/al 9$a&t;
A. 2ishah said' “" can a&* Gn. Hosli to represent us 2ishah in+orme/ the committee that she col/ a&* Gn. Hosli to represent us at the conference. at the conference.”
The following chart presents the time and place references that need to be changed in writing the minutes. now
then
yesterday
today
that day
last week
here
there
ago
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the preious day the day before the preious week the week before preiously before
this
that
two weeks ago
this week tomorrow
that week the following day the next day the day after the following week the next week the week after
tonight last Saturday
next week
next Saturday
two weeks preiously two weeks before that night the preious Saturday the Saturday before the following Saturday the next Saturday the Saturday after that Saturday
"n writing the minutes' we can use a ariety of words. 1or example' the word said0 can be written in many forms as shown in the aboe basic tense chart. Exerci&e 1 5an you list the words that can be used to replace said0 in writing the minutes<
&ai/
Exerci&e 2 5hange the tenses in the following sentences to the indirect speech. . Hamlah said' “" hae already assigned Suresh as the superisor of the pro#ect.” ======================================================================== ======================================================================== %. 2FiF said' “Hahman can be8in8charge of the participants next Saturday.” ======================================================================== ========================================================================
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9. Hahayu said' “My team needs at least four weeks to prepare the working paper prior to the eent.” ======================================================================== ======================================================================== >. Mr. Hama said' “"0ll edit all the articles and reports for the ;aily &ulletin and present them at the next meeting.” ======================================================================== ======================================================================== ======================================================================== $. 2mran said' “" did not take the photos of the eent last Sunday. "t was Hahmat.” ======================================================================== ======================================================================== ?. 3iFa' the 1inance Manager said' “" don0t think it is a good idea to hae the annual dinner at the Gmerald /otel because we don0t hae sufficient budget. Moreoer' it is costly if we are thinking of initing many guests.” ====================================================== ====================================================== ====================================================== ======================================================
Reportin, e&tion&
"n the direct speech' we use +/8Uuestions and (esNDo Uuestions to make in,uiries. 1or example' W3!e&tion&:
b7Munira asked' “ W%o is preparing the speech for the ;irector<” c7Hohit asked' “Tell me ;ani. W%at has your committee done to oercome the problems<” d7The 5hairman asked' “ W%- did Hafisah take the report to the panel<” =e&BNo e&tion&
e7Dur asked' “ i/ ;ayana brief the pro#ect leaders at the preious meeting<” f7 Suhada asked' “3a& "da made all the necessary amendments to the working paper that need to be submitted by next Monday< g7 The superisor asked' “ 3a& the proposal been submitted<”
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The change of tenses from the direct speech 6;S7 to indirect speech 6"S7' although similar' is slightly different. )bsere the following sentences. a7 ;S: "S:
Munira a&*e/' “+ho i& preparin, the speech for the ;irector<” Munira )ante/ to *no) who )a& preparin, the speech for the ;irector.
b7 ;S:
Hohit a&*e/' “Tell me ;ani. +hat %a& your committee done to oercome the problems<” "S: Hohit )ante/ to *no) what ;ani and his committee %a/ /one to oercome the problems.
c7 ;S:
The 5hairman a&*e/' “+hy /i/ Hafisah ,i'e the report to the panel<”
"S:
The 5hairman )ante/ to *no) why Hafisah %a/ ,i'en the report to the panel.
d7 ;S:
Dur a&*e/' “i/ ;ayana (rie+ the pro#ect leaders at the preious meeting<” Dur )ante/ to *no) whether ;ayana %a/ (rie+e/ the pro#ect leaders at the preious meeting.
"S: e7 ;S: "S: f7 ;S: "S:
Suhada a&*e/' “3a& "da ma/e all the necessary amendments to the working papers that needed to be submitted by next Monday<” Suhada )ante/ to *no) i+ "da %a/ ma/e all the necessary amendments to the working papers that needed to be submitted by the following Monday. The superisor a&*e/' “3a& the proposal been &(mitte/ to the examiner<” The superisor )ante/ to *no) whether the proposal %a/ (een &(mitte/ to the examiner.
The table below presents the change in tenses from the direct to indirect speech based on =ESBN" ESTI"NS Ver(&BMo/al&
$re&ent
$a&t
&G
am' is' are
was' were
;)
does' do
did
/2G
has' hae
had
Modals
can' will' shall' may
could' would' should' might
,uestions that start with &G' ;)' /2G erbs and modals.
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Acti'it- 5hange the following +/8 and (esNDo Uuestions to the indirect speech. .
2rina asked /anis' “+hen will you gie the door gifts to the guests<”
======================================================================== =====================================================================
%. /afiFi asked Da#ib' “/ow long does the montage presentation take<” ======================================================================== ========================================================================
9. Mee Siew asked Hohana' “+hich are the incoming pro#ects that need immediate attention in terms of budget allocation<” ======================================================================== ======================================================================== >. The 5hairman asked' “+hat are the backup plans if Plan 2 could not be executed<” ======================================================================== ======================================================================== $. Samy asked ;errick' “5an " put you in8charge to present the pro#ect implementation before the committee panel next Thursday<” =============================================== =============================================== =============================================== ?. Iomathi asked Syafi,' “/ae you informed the suppliers to send in the necessary items by next 1riday<” =============================================== =============================================== 132
=============================================== @. 2iFat asked 2Fam' “;oes the task committee scrutiniFe the applications of the 219 pro#ect<” ======================================================================== ======================================================================== A. 3isa asked "FFa' “"s ;anial' the publicity co8ordinator' ready to present the tentatie plan regarding the road8tour programme<” ======================================================================== ========================================================================
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