Gis Manuals Final 2016 Aug 25

ABSTRACT To enhance the capacity of District Emergency Operation Center (DEOC) and its stakeholders about thematic mapping and hazards mapping through GIS tools.

ARCGIS 10.2.1 Training Manual

Organized By:

Supported By:

Facilitator:

GIS Training Manual for Strengthening of DEOC National Disaster Risk Reduction Center (NDRC), Kathmandu

Contents MODULE 1 – Getting Started with ArcGIS Desktop............................................................................... 1 Exercise 1: Basics of ArcGIS ................................................................................................................ 1 Start ArcMap .................................................................................................................................. 1 Open a Map Document .................................................................................................................. 1 Activate data frames (Basic Tools) ................................................................................................ 1 Exercise 2: Working with ArcCatalog ................................................................................................. 4 Start ArcCatalog.............................................................................................................................. 4 Basics of ArcCatalog ....................................................................................................................... 4 Different view of Thumbnails ........................................................................................................ 5 Change/create Thumbnail ............................................................................................................. 6 Previewing Attributes .................................................................................................................... 6 View simple Statistics ..................................................................................................................... 7 Changing Description ..................................................................................................................... 7 Exercise 3: Map Properties (ArcMap) ................................................................................................ 8 Working with Label Features ......................................................................................................... 8 Working with Symbology ............................................................................................................... 8 Multivalued Symbology ................................................................................................................. 9 Changing Background of a Layer .................................................................................................. 10 Exercise 4: Bookmarks (ArcMap) ..................................................................................................... 10 Managing Bookmarks................................................................................................................... 10 Exercise 5: Feature Classes (ArcMap) .............................................................................................. 10 Selecting Features ........................................................................................................................ 11 Zoom to Selected Features .......................................................................................................... 11 Clear Selected Features ................................................................................................................ 11 Selecting Multiple Features ......................................................................................................... 11 Pan to Selected Features .............................................................................................................. 11 Fixed Zoom In/Fixed Zoom Out ................................................................................................... 11 Dragging your cursor point in center ........................................................................................... 11 Selecting Features by Attributes .................................................................................................. 12 Exercise 6: Basemap (ArcMap – Internet Connection Needed) ...................................................... 12 Adding BaseMap Layer ................................................................................................................. 12 Load Nepal (Shape File) in your Map ........................................................................................... 12 Clipping from Basemap (for Layer) .............................................................................................. 13 Clipping from Basemap (for Selected Features) .......................................................................... 13

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Exercise 7: Layer Transparency ........................................................................................................ 13 Exercise 8: Coordinate System (Projection) .................................................................................... 14 Finding Coordinate System .......................................................................................................... 14 Change Coordinate System .......................................................................................................... 15 How to Align a Non-Georeferenced Image to an Existing Geographic Layer or Georeferenced Image ............................................................................................................................................ 15 Creating a New Shapefile and Digitizing Basics in ArcMap ......................................................... 17 Import x, y Data Tables to ArcMap and Convert the Data to a Shapefile .................................. 19 Converting Between Coordinate Formats ................................................................................... 21 Exercise 9: GPS and GIS .................................................................................................................... 22 An Easy Way to Add GPS Data to ArcMap ................................................................................... 22 Module 2 ............................................................................................................................................... 25 Exercise 10: Creating and Editing Shapefiles in ArcMap ................................................................. 25 Creating a New Shapefile (Points, Polylines, and Polygons) ...................................................... 25 Adding the New Shapefile to the ArcMap Project ...................................................................... 25 Exercise 11: Starting, Saving, and Stopping the Editing Session ..................................................... 25 Exercise 12: Create Features Dialog................................................................................................. 25 Exercise 13: Working with Shapefiles and Layers (Clip Features) .................................................. 26 Exercise 14: Working with Shapefiles and Layers (Intersect Features) .......................................... 26 Exercise 15: Working with Shapefiles and Layers (Union Features)............................................... 27 Exercise 16: Working with Shapefiles and Layers (Merge Features) .............................................. 27 Exercise 17: Working with Shapefiles and Layers (Dissolve Features) ........................................... 28 Exercise 18: Working with Shapefiles and Layers (Buffer Features) .............................................. 29 Exercise 19: Editing Point Shapefiles ............................................................................................... 30 Create a New Point....................................................................................................................... 30 Edit a Point ................................................................................................................................... 30 Move a Point to an X, Y Location ................................................................................................. 31 Exercise 20: Editing Polyline Shapefiles ........................................................................................... 31 Create a New Line ........................................................................................................................ 31 Edit a Line ..................................................................................................................................... 31 Flip a Polyline................................................................................................................................ 31 Exercise 21: Editing Polygon Shapefiles........................................................................................... 31 Create a New Polygon .................................................................................................................. 31 Exercise 22: Define Projection ......................................................................................................... 32 Define the Projection ................................................................................................................... 32

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Exercise 23: Interoperability ............................................................................................................ 32 Importing Kmz/Kml Data into ArcMap and Creating Shapefile .................................................. 32 Converting ArcGIS Layers to Google Earth (KML) ....................................................................... 35 Exercise 24: Map Portability & Printing........................................................................................... 35 Exporting Map .............................................................................................................................. 35 Creating a Complete Map Output................................................................................................ 36 Module 3 ............................................................................................................................................... 38 Exercise 25: Replace Attribute Table Values ................................................................................... 38 Exercise 26: Delete Attribute Table Values ..................................................................................... 39 Exercise 27: Edit Attribute Table Values.......................................................................................... 40 Exercise 28: Use Your Own Store Data (Excel Files) For Plotting Georeference ............................ 40 Exercise 29: Converting Points to Lines ........................................................................................... 42 Exercise 30: Converting Feature to Polygon .................................................................................... 43 Some GIS Development Software: ........................................................................................................ 43

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MODULE 1 – Getting Started with ArcGIS Desktop Exercise 1: Basics of ArcGIS Start ArcMap Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Click on START Button on your window. Go to Program Files (Program menu can be different in different version of windows). Find ArcGIS folder on program files menu Find ‘ArcMap 10.2.1’ from Program Menu Click on ‘ArcMap 10.2.1’.

Open a Map Document Steps: 1.

2.

If you want to open new map, then Select New Maps and click on Blank Map from a dialogue window.

If you want to open Existing Map, then select Existing Maps and go to Browse for more and navigate to your map folder (for example we have supplied you a folder named “CB Dang” which you copied in C:, D: or E: drive of your computer.) or simply select Recent and choose the one you already open or work with.

Activate data frames (Basic Tools) Steps:

1.

Use Zoom In

button for enlarging the map from your window.

2.

Use Zoom Out

3.

Use Pan

button for reducing the map in your window.

Tool to move map inside the windows.

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4.

Clicking the Full Extent button on the Tools toolbar zooms your map to show you all the data in your map. In one click, you can see everything in your map. Sometimes, though, clicking the Full Extent button zooms you out much further than desired. In these cases, you might like to set your own full extent.

5.

Fixed Zoom In and Fixed Zoom Out always remain in center.

6.

Go Back to Previous Extent and Go to Next Extent navigate your map to previous or further extent (means you last zoom or navigation of a map not a undo or redo but like a undo and redo for zoom or extent.) Select your desired option and try with your map and see the result. (Basically select the desired polygon or shape from map layers.)

7.

8. 9.

for keeping primary center point of map window remain

Use Clear Selected Features for deselect the shape or portion of a map you previously selected. Use the black arrow tools for select different element like graphics, images, text and other items placed on your map.

10. Use Identify tools to identify polygon or shapes on your maps and view associate data with the portion. 11. Click the HTML Pop-up tool on the toolbar click on a map portion or features and see the result or data associated with. 12. When using a map, you can measure the area of a polygon, the length of a line, or find the coordinates of a point. The map viewer calculates the shortest distance (using the ellipsoid-based geodesic calculation) even if the data uses a projected coordinate system. Before or after performing each measurement, you can change the default units of measurement. Your administrator may have set the default units for the map, including the measure tool. Click Measure to display the Measure toolbar and use one of the measure options. Your results appear in the bottom of the Measure window. 13. Switching between data view and layout view

Or An alternative way to switch your display is to click View > Data View or View > Layout View from the main menu in ArcMap. You can easily work on Data View while Layout View is for projecting output of map or for printing purpose. 14. You can see Table of Contents on a left side of a windows.

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please navigate with icons and see the differences. 15. You can view the attribute of a layers or features by right clicking over a layer and selecting Label features option.

16. Similarly we can view all the related spatial information of a layer by right clicking over a layer and clicking on Open attribute table.

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Exercise 2: Working with ArcCatalog Start ArcCatalog Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Click on START Button on your window. Go to Program Files (Program menu can be different in different version of windows). Find ArcGIS folder on program files menu Find ‘ArcCatalog 10.2.1’ from Program Menu Click on ‘ArcCatalog 10.2.1’.

Basics of ArcCatalog Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4.

5.

Click on a File menu and find Folder Connections Now click on Folder Connection or click on icon from standard toolbar below the text menu. Browse the folder that you need to work with or browse to the folder that we have supplied you. For example: “CB Dang/Ex_1_Overview_of_GIS” You can see all the files and folder that contains inside the folder. You can add different folders as a connection so that you can easily work with different folder, maps and layers.

Select any map from the Catalog Tree in the left side of the windows) and see the result in the right side of the windows, there you can find three option o Contents: Name and Type of files and a standard icon.

.

Shapefiles contains polygon. Shapefile contains geo-reference points only. Shapefile contains lines. Files contains excel data. Denoted Pakages of ArcMap documents. Layer file etc.

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o

Preview: Preview of a file (ArcMap may be slower and every time opening a file from ArcMap may not safe, so we can use faster preview of a documents in Preview pane.)

o

Description: You can find the descriptive data about the files and also you can edit the information, print them or importing from other files.

Different view of Thumbnails Steps: 1.

2.

You can change the layout thumbnail/icon view on content area

Find out the icon series under the main menu

and choose your desired view.

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Change/create Thumbnail Steps: 1.

You can even change the default thumbnails into the shape contains inside a map file.

2.

Select the desire file that need to change the thumbnail

3.

Find the

icons under the main menu.

4.

Click on

and see the changes.

Previewing Attributes Steps: 1.

When you are in the mode of preview of a map files find preview mode below the map. below

2. 3.

You can have a option to change the preview mode. Click on a combo box

4.

Select Table

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5.

Now you can see the attributes (Spatial Data) as below

View simple Statistics Steps: 1. 2. 3.

When you are in a table view Select any columns (for example Area) You can sort them by right clicking on top row of a column

4.

Again right click on top row of a column and click on

icon

5.

You have a good preview of frequency distribution (bar diagram)

6.

You can also perform delete operation on a column (field)

Changing Description Steps: 1. 2.

3.

On right side of a ArcMap window find Description tab and click on it. Click on Edit

You can change tag, metadata and other information as well as custom thumbnail of a file.

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Exercise 3: Map Properties (ArcMap) Working with Label Features Steps: (ArcMap) 1. Under a Table of Contents, select any layers 2. Right click on the layer and click on Label Features 3. You can see some texts over the points or polygons. 4. If you want to change the value of label features then right click on a layer file 5. From the context menu click on properties, you find the following dialogue window

6. 7.

Go to Label tab Find Text String and Label Field and click on a combo box and choose the desired field that you need to display on a map.

8.

You can also edit the fonts and text size of a labels from a Text Symbol and Other Options as well as Pre-Defined Label Styles options from the same properties dialogue window.

Working with Symbology Steps: 1. 2. 3.

4.

Under a Table of Contents, select any layers Right click on the child layer and click on Properties Find Symbology tab and click on it.

Click on Color Shaded Area

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5.

And choose desired color from left side or select Fill Color, Outline Width of a polygon/line and Outline Color etc.

Multivalued Symbology Steps: 1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

Under a Table of Contents, select any layers Right click on the child layer and click on Properties Find Symbology tab and click on it.

From left pane please click on categories and select Unique Values. Now from right pane Click on desired Value Field and click on Add All Values. Click on apply and see if your choice is appropriate (you can change the color of each value field individually by clicking on shaded area of a value field). The result will like below:

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Changing Background of a Layer Steps: 1. 2. 3.

4.

Under a Table of Contents, select any layers Right click on the layer and click on Properties Select Frame option and

Choose desired styles.

Exercise 4: Bookmarks (ArcMap) Managing Bookmarks Bookmarks provide shortcuts to interesting places on a map. As a map author, you create them based on the current location and scale of the map. When others click a bookmark, the map zooms to that location. Steps: (for Existing Bookmarks) 1. Click Bookmarks menu and find the name of the place/bookmarks you want the map to zoom to and click on it. Steps: (for Creating New Bookmarks) 1. Navigate the map to the location and scale you want to bookmark. 2. Click Bookmarks menu, click Create Bookmark , and enter a name for the bookmark. Steps: (for Updating Bookmarks) 1. To reorder a bookmark, click Bookmarks menu and click on Manage Bookmarks 2. You can reorder, add, delete, save and reload bookmarks you have created

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Exercise 5: Feature Classes (ArcMap) In ArcGIS, a collection of geographic features with the same geometry type (such as point, line, or polygon), the same attributes, and the same spatial reference. Feature classes can be stored in geodatabases, shapefiles, coverages, or other data formats. Feature classes allow homogeneous features to be grouped into a single unit for data storage purposes. For example, highways, primary roads, and secondary roads can be grouped into a line feature class named "roads." In a geodatabase, feature classes can also store annotation and dimensions.

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Types of Features Class: Generally, feature classes are thematic collections of points, lines, or polygons, but there are seven feature class types:  Points  Lines  Polygons  Annotation  Dimensions  Multipoints  Multipatches

Selecting Features Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Open the map Right click on the desire area from a map Click on Select Features Your desire area will be selected

Zoom to Selected Features Steps: 1. 2. 3.

Leave remain your selected features/area on a map Right click on selected features Click on Zoom to Selected Features.

Clear Selected Features Steps: 1. 2. 3.

Leave remain your selected features/area on a map Right click on selected features Click on Clear Selected Features.

Selecting Multiple Features Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Leave remain your selected features/area on a map Right click on selected features Click on Select Features. Hold Shift button until your work finish While holding shift button on keyboard and right click on another area you want to select Click on Selected Features. You can do selecting with multiple features and perform Zoom to Selected Features or Clear Selected Features

Pan to Selected Features Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4.

While your desire features selected Right click on selected features Click on Pan to Selected Features. Your selected area/features will be placed in the middle of the view area on a window.

Fixed Zoom In/Fixed Zoom Out Steps: 1. 2. 3.

Place your cursor and Right click on the map you need to zoom in with your desire area Click on Fixed Zoom in or Fixed Zoom Out It will zoom in or zoom out the map where your cursor is remaining on a center.

Dragging your cursor point in center Steps: 1. 2. 3.

Place your cursor on your desire point of a map and Right click Click on Center. Your cursor position is automatically dragged on center of a window.

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Selecting Features by Attributes Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Open the map Right click on the layer from table of content Click on Open Attribute Table Select the desire row by clicking left most corner of the row Right Click and Click on Select Right Click and click on Zoom to Selected Your desire area will be selected Do same for multiple select/unselect/clear selected.

Exercise 6: Basemap (ArcMap – Internet Connection Needed) Adding BaseMap Layer Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4.

5.

Open ArcMap Add Untitled Map from option Click File Menu and click on ArcGIS Online Type ‘World Topographic Map’ in search box and enter

Click on Add It will take some moments for loading map on your ArcGIS Windows.

Load Nepal (Shape File) in your Map Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7.

Right click on base layer from Table of Content Click on Add Data Find CBS.shp from given folder The Nepal shape will draw over your basemap Now right click on CBS from table of content and click on Zoom to Layer and wait some moments Again right click on CBS from table of content and Click on Properties Select Symbology Tab

Click on the Symbol Area and choose Hollow. Now you can see the basemap with district borders and Distinctive Map.

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Clipping from Basemap (for Layer) Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

At the View menu, choose Data Frame Options. At the Data Frame Tab look for "Clip Options" Choose Clip to shape. Then click the Specify Shape button. Then select the Outline of Features (CBS) as input. Apply and the basemap will be cropped to that shape.

Clipping from Basemap (for Selected Features) Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Right click on a map portion that you want to select Click on Select Features from context menu At the View menu, choose Data Frame Options. At the Data Frame Tab look for "Clip Options" Choose Clip to shape. Then click the Specify Shape button. Then select the Outline of Features (CBS) as input. Select ‘Selected’ from Features option. Apply and the basemap will be cropped to selected features.

Exercise 7: Layer Transparency Steps: 1. 2. 3.

4.

Right Click on layer at Table of Contents Click on Properties Click on Display Tab and search for following and set your desire percentage.

5.

Click on Apply to preview or OK OR See on following under properties and set your desire percentage

6. 7.

Click on Apply to preview or Click on OK to apply the effect. You can revert from the same setting 0% on transparent/transparency level.

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Exercise 8: Coordinate System (Projection) Finding Coordinate System Steps: 1.

Check the Coordinate System of the ArcMap Data Frame by navigating to View > Data Frame Properties and click the Coordinate System tab.

2.

Check the coordinate systems of each layer in the map individually by right-clicking on the name of the layer > Properties and click the Source tab. The Coordinate System of the layer is displayed in the Data Source box.

3.

Check the coordinate systems of all data in the map by navigating to View > Data Frame Properties and click the Coordinate System tab. Under 'Select a coordinate system', open the folder named Layers, and the folder for each set of data in the Data Frame. The projection definition names are displayed.

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Change Coordinate System Steps: 1. 2.

3. 4.

5.

In the Contents pane, right-click a map, and click Properties to open the Map Properties dialog box. Click the Coordinate System tab. (The current coordinate system is shown in the title of the property page. You can click Details to see details about the coordinate system. You can filter the coordinate systems shown in the dialog box by performing a search on a string value. This filters the list of coordinate systems based on folder names, coordinate system names, or well-known IDs (WKID). When using the filter options to reduce the number of available coordinate systems, only the folders containing the matching coordinate systems will appear.) Either browse to the coordinate system you require in the list, or type part of the name of the coordinate system you are trying to locate in the Search box. To set the map's coordinate system to be the same as that of a particular layer on the map, expand the Layers folder and expand the coordinate system. When the coordinate system is expanded, you'll see the layers that reference it. This is a useful way to ensure all layers in your map are in the same coordinate system. To set the map's or scene's coordinate system to be the same as that of a layer that is not in the map, click Import, and browse to a data source that is defined with the coordinate system you want to use. Add the coordinate system to your Favorites list to make it available to all your projects.

How to Align a Non-Georeferenced Image to an Existing Geographic Layer or Georeferenced Image Steps: 1. 2.

In ArcMap, add the existing shape file or the geo-referenced image that you are going to reference the new image against. Activate the Georeferencing menu (View/ Toolbars - check mark "Georeferencing")

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3.

Add the image layer which you want to georeference. Note that if it is a .jpg file, make sure you choose the entire image file (below left). If you double click on the .jpg and see the individual bands listed in the dialog box (below right), you have drilled down too far. Back up and add the .jpg file.

4.

Zoom in to the area of your shape file that corresponds to the area of the image - this is not necessary but extremely helpful. If you need to look at the image to see what area it covers, right click on the image in the table of contents and choose Zoom to Layer, then go back to your previous view of your shape file and adjust the view of your GIS layers so that it displays approximately the same area On the Georeferencing menu, make sure that your Layer specified is the image you want to georeference. From the Georeferencing menu, choose Fit to Display - the new image should fill the screen. You should see the overlapping layers, and you may want to make your shape file data layer transparent or make the features hollow, so that you can see both the un-georeferenced image and the georeferenced shape file.

5. 6.

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7.

Zoom in to the area of a location (such as a street intersection) which you can easily distinguish in both the image and in one of the already geo-referenced shapefile themes. These will be the control points, or shared points between your image and your existing geographic data.

8. 9.

Click on the Add Control Point tool Click on the first 'common point' on the digital image you want to georeference, then click on the same point in the existing geographic layer. Do the same with as many other 'common points' you can find until you like the result. You need at least 4 points. This procedure is also called "rubbersheeting". Remember, you always click on the un-geoferenced image first, then on your geographic data layer.

10. You can use the zoom and pan tools during this process to zoom in to see your points more clearly – this will also help to make your control points more accurate, rather than trying to create them with the entire area in view. Note: If you accidentally click the layers in the wrong order or make a bad control point, do not hit “Undo” or you may lose the last layer added and all of your control points. Instead, open the View Link Table and remove the last control point created. 11. You should check your control points occasionally by choosing View Link Table icon on the Georeferencing toolbar. This will show you all the control points, and when you have more than three it will show you the RMS error. You can delete control points that have large errors and reenter them or enter other points which result in a lower error. 12. When you have the image aligned with an acceptable RMS error, you should record the RMS error for data quality reporting. 13. When you have completed the georeferencing process, you can create a permanently georeferenced image by choosing Rectify from the Georeferencing menu - you can accept the default cell size that ArcMap calculates or set your own. For scanned maps, you can leave the resampling type set to Nearest Neighbor. Specify a name and location for the new image. The result will be a .tif image and a .tfw world file, which tells ArcMap where in the world this image is now located. 14. With this georeferenced image, you can now digitize new features from the map.

Creating a New Shapefile and Digitizing Basics in ArcMap Steps: 1. 2.

To create a new shapefile, open ArcCatalog by clicking the ArcCatalog button in an open ArcMap project. Navigate the directory structure to the left of the widow and single-click the directory that you would like to create the new shapefile in. Right-click in the directory space and choose New > Shapefile…

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3.

4. 5.

6.

7.

In the Create New Shapefile Dialog, choose a file name, the type of file (point, line or polygon), and choose a projection by clicking the edit… button. Choose the Select… button in the Spatial Reference Properties dialog to choose the desired projection from a list. Although ArcMap can “project on the fly” it is important to use the same projection for all map layers in a project in order to preserve accuracy. Click OK twice. The new shapefile may now be opened in an ArcMap project and used for on-screen digitizing. There are numerous options available in ArcMap in terms of on-screen digitizing. This guide will only introduce the very basics in order to facilitate use. In an open project, load a base layer (satellite image, topo map, dem…) and the newly created shapefile. Bring up the Editor toolbar by right-clicking anywhere on the top button bar of ArcMap and choosing Editor. Make sure the new shapefile is listed as the Target, and Create New Feature is listed as the Task. Click the Editor button, and choose Start Editing. This activates the bar, and the Pencil tool may be used to edit new features. For a polygon, single-click each node and double-click to close the polygon. For a line, single-click each node and double-click to finish. For a point, click once for each feature. Choose stop digitizing in the Editor button when complete.

As stated earlier, there are many options with regard to digitizing in ArcMap. For more information, consult the help files or software manuals, particularly to understand table editing (in order to enter attribute info for your digitized features), snapping features that share similar boundaries, and

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8.

streaming (a setting you can use to automatically create vertices with mouse movements, rather than having to click each time). Modifications to an existing layer can be made using the Modify Feature task, rather than Create New Feature. Using the Edit Tool individual vertices can be moved, added or deleted. Right-click the vertices with the edit tool to see all options available.

Import x, y Data Tables to ArcMap and Convert the Data to a Shapefile Steps: 1.

2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7.

To ensure ArcMap reads the data in the file correctly, use Excel to format the columns containing the Longitude (X, or Easting) and Latitude (Y, or Northing) values as NUMBER, with a minimum of 8 decimal places.2. The graphic below shows the distribution of positive and negative values for longitude (X) and latitude (Y) coordinates worldwide.

Descriptions of the contents of each column are also required in the output file. Label columns ID, Longitude, Latitude, Description, etc. After formatting the file, select all the cells in populated rows and columns in the table and navigate to File > Print Area > Set Print Area, or Page Layout > Print Area > Set Print Area. Navigate to File > Save As, and select a supported format from the choices available in Excel. Click Yes if Excel warns that certain formatting is not supported in this file format. Exit Excel. Click No when Excel prompts to save the changes. Note: If the changes are saved, Excel converts the file to an .xls or .xlsx Workbook that can only be used in ArcMap at version 9.2 and newer versions. To add the data from the .dbf, .csv, .txt or .prn file to ArcMap, navigate to Tools > Add XY Data and select the file. In version 10.x, click the Add Data button. Right-click the table name and select Display XY Data. Warning: At version 10.x, ArcMap applies the coordinate system of the Data Frame to the XY Data. This coordinate system is likely to be wrong for the data. Click the Edit button to open the Spatial Reference Properties dialog box. Click the Select button to select a coordinate system for the data. Note: If a warning message regarding the missing Object-ID field is displayed, it is safe to ignore it and click OK.

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As an example, GPS data is most often collected in units of decimal degrees or lat/long, which is a geographic coordinate system. Open this directory. Most frequently, GPS data is collected on the WGS 1984 datum, so open the World folder, and select WGS_1984.prj. If the data has been collected on a different datum, click the link titled "Geographic Coordinate Systems and Areas of Use" in the Related Information section below to find the appropriate datum. 8.

After defining the projection, click Add, Apply, and OK on the Spatial Reference Properties dialog box. Click OK on the Add XY Data dialog box. The points are drawn as an event theme in ArcMap. Verify that the Event theme aligns with the other data in ArcMap. 9. To convert the event theme to a shapefile or geodatabase feature class, right-click the file name and select Data > Export Data. The points can be exported to a geodatabase feature class or to a shapefile. 10. The data can also be re-projected to the coordinate system of the ArcMap data frame during this process. Go to View > Data Frame Properties > Coordinate System tab, and select the desired output projection for the output data. To project while exporting, right-click the Events theme, select Data > Export Data, and change the radio button to export to the "coordinate system of the data frame". The output data is in the selected output coordinate system. 11. To project the event layer to a projected coordinate system using the Project tool, follow the instructions below: a) In ArcMap, navigate to ArcCatalog > Toolboxes > System Toolboxes > Data Management Tools > Projections and Transformation > Project. b) In the Project tool dialog box, fill the required parameters. Input Dataset or Feature Class: The feature class, feature layer, or feature dataset to be projected. Input Coordinate System (optional): The coordinate system of the input feature class or dataset. Output Coordinate System: The coordinate system to which the input data is to be projected. Geographic Transformation (optional): To be used to convert data between two geographic coordinate systems or datums. c) Click OK. Note: If ArcMap warns of a "different geographic coordinate system than other data in the map", navigate to View > Data Frame Properties > Coordinate System tab, and click the Transformations button to verify that the correct datum transformation is being used for the area where the data is located. Note: For a list of geographic (datum) transformations and their areas of use, click the link "Select the correct geographic (datum) transformation when projecting between datums". Under the Related Information section of the article, download the list of transformations for the version of ArcGIS Desktop installed on the computer.

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Converting Between Coordinate Formats Steps: Within the Projections and Transformations toolset is a tool called Convert Coordinate Notation (Data Management > Projections and Transformations). This tool will convert between the following coordinate formats:  DD—Decimal degrees  DDM —Decimal minutes  DMS—Degrees-minutes-seconds  GARS—Global Area Reference System  GEOREF—World Geographic Reference System  UTM —Universal Transverse Mercator  USNG—United States National Grid  MGRS—Military Grid Reference System To convert between coordinate formats using the Convert Coordinate Notation tool, follow these steps: 1. Open the tool and select the table or feature class that has the values for conversion. 2. Set an output location for the converted values to be saved. 3. Set the X/Y fields and the Input/output coordinates. 4. Optionally, set an ID as the output will not carry over existing attribute fields.

5.

Set up a table join so that the new format can be accessed in the original table.

6.

Be sure to check out the Convert Coordinate Notation tool help for more information and also to learn the format of each notation.

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Exercise 9: GPS and GIS An Easy Way to Add GPS Data to ArcMap Steps: 1.

The first step is to export your data to a GPX file using your GPS device (a format just about all of them support). Next, we’ll add the GPX file to Explorer by choosing Add, then GPS Data Files, as shown below:

2.

Then choose what you want to add:

3.

After making choices and clicking Add, we now have our GPX file displayed in ArcGIS Explorer Desktop with all the correct symbols.

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4.

Next, right-click the layer in contents and choose Share.

5.

You can choose to share as either a layer package, KML, or Explorer map content file. We chose layer package since not only does ArcMap support LPKs, but the layer package also captures the symbols for display in ArcMap.

6.

Start ArcMap, then drag and drop the layer package onto your map. Below we’ve also connected to the ArcGIS Online world imagery basemap which serves as our foundation for displaying the nowconverted GPX file, just like we used in Explorer. Note that the symbols are exactly the same.

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7.

If you are interested in a live feed from a GPS device, you have another option. ArcMap enables you to create a direct connection to a GPS unit for live input. Right-click on the menu and look for the GPS toolbar:

Waypoints

Tracks

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Routes


Module 2 Exercise 10: Creating and Editing Shapefiles in ArcMap Creating a New Shapefile (Points, Polylines, and Polygons) Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Open ArcCatalog Highlight the folder that will contain your new shapefile. Right-click on the folder and select New > Shapefile. The Create New Shapefile dialog box opens. a) Name the shapefile and select the feature type (Point, Poly, or Polygon) from the drop-down menu. b) Set the Spatial Reference (Projection/Datum) by clicking the Edit button. This opens the Spatial Reference Properties dialog box. Below are two methods to set the spatial reference. o Choose Select > Geographic Coordinate Systems > World > WGS 1984 > click the Add button > click OK in the Spatial Reference Properties dialog box > click OK in the Create New Shapefile dialog box. OR o Choose Import > navigate to your folder that contains data with the coordinate system already defined (preferably the DEM) > click on the dataset > click the Add button > click OK in the Spatial Reference Properties dialog box > click OK in the Create New Shapefile dialog box.

Adding the New Shapefile to the ArcMap Project Steps: 1. 2.

Open your ArcMap project. Add the new (empty) shapefile to your project by: a. File > Add Data OR b. Click-on the Add Data icon on the Standard Toolbar in ArcMap. OR c. Drag the file from Catalog to the Table of Contents of your ArcMap project

Exercise 11: Starting, Saving, and Stopping the Editing Session Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Open the Editor Toolbar from Customize > Toolbars > Editor. From the Editor drop-down menu select Start Editing. This opens the Start Editing dialog box. Select the shapefile that you will be editing > Click OK to close the dialog box. Save your edits during the edit session by selecting Save Edits from the drop-down menu on the editor toolbar. Stop the editing session by selecting Stop Editing from the drop-down menu on the editor toolbar. The Save edits dialog box opens. Select Yes, No, or Cancel. Note: It’s best to edit one shapefile at a time and remember to save your edits often.

Exercise 12: Create Features Dialog The Create Features dialog box opens as a docked window on the left-hand side of the ArcMap project when you start editing. If the file that you wish to edit is not listed in the arranged templates you may need to create a new template. Click on the Organize Templates button. In the Organize Feature Templates dialog select the Layer you are editing, the left-hand side will list the templates for that layer. If it says “There are no templates to show.” Click on New Template, check the layers that you want to create templates for and click Finish. Close the Organize Feature Templates dialog. You can now proceed with editing your shape files.

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Exercise 13: Working with Shapefiles and Layers (Clip Features) Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7.

Open ArcMap and load your map (for e.g. Nepal) From the map right click on the respective district and click on Select Features Now go to Geoprocessing Menu Click on Clip Under the dialogue box

Input Features: Select the active layer which features are selected Clip Features: Select the same layer from which feature need to extract Output Feature Class: Provide your own file name and location to save your new features For e.g. If your selected feature is Bardiya under the map of Nepal then you will get bardiya_district.shp You’re done.

Exercise 14: Working with Shapefiles and Layers (Intersect Features) Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Open ArcMap and load your map (for e.g. Nepal) and add another layer such as River or Road. From the map right click on the respective district and click on Select Features Now go to Geoprocessing Menu Click on Intersect Under the dialogue box

Input Features: Select the active layer which features are to be intersected again select and add the features/shapefile from which features need to extract Output Feature Class: Provide your own file name and location to save your new features

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6.

7.

For e.g. If your selected feature is Bardiya under the map of Nepal then you will need to select CBS with active selection of bardiya district and road or river and your output class may be bardiya_river.shp or bardiya_road.shp You’re done.

Exercise 15: Working with Shapefiles and Layers (Union Features) Steps: 1. 2.

3. 4. 5.

Open ArcMap and load your map (for e.g. Nepal). Supposed we are working with three district (i.e. Banke, Bardiya and Dang) and we already clip all three district (i.e. banke_district_boundary.shp, bardiya_district_boundary.shp and dang_district_boundary.shp) Now go to Geoprocessing Menu Click on Union Under the dialogue box

6.

Input Features: add all the district (i.e. banke_district_boundary.shp, bardiya_district_boundary.shp and dang_district_boundary.shp) Output Feature Class: provide name such as dipecho_8_consortium.shp Note: it need to be clear that feature type need to be similar to union them. You’re done.

Exercise 16: Working with Shapefiles and Layers (Merge Features) Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Open ArcMap and load your map (for e.g. Nepal). Supposed we need to merge two different layer (for e.g. forest and land in one layer/features) Now go to Geoprocessing Menu Click on Merge Under the dialogue box

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6.

Input Features: add all map (i.e. bardiya_district_boundary.shp, and bardiya_vdc.shp) Output Feature Class: provide name such as bardiya_complete.shp Note: it need to be clear that feature size must be similar or equal to merge them. You’re done.

Exercise 17: Working with Shapefiles and Layers (Dissolve Features) Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Open ArcMap and load your map (for e.g. Nepal). Open recently merged layer and right click on it. Click on Open Attribute Table (sometime you may see multiple redundant field or unnecessary fields, for e.g. why we need region and zonal name in VDC map of bardiya.) Now go to Geoprocessing Menu Click on Dissolve Under the dialogue box Input Features: add all map (i.e. bardiya_district_complete) Output Feature Class: provide name such as bardiya_optimized.shp

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7. 8.

Select all the unnecessary fields in dissolve_field(s) (optional) Click on OK. You’re done.

Exercise 18: Working with Shapefiles and Layers (Buffer Features) Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Open ArcMap and load your map (for e.g. Nepal). Clip some segment of river with respect to VDC Assume we are going to visualize the 100 meters from river banks are vulnerable and we need to work for it. Now go to Geoprocessing Menu Click on Buffer Under the dialogue box Input Features: add map (i.e. bardiya_river.shp) Output Feature Class: provide name such as bardiya_river_Buffer.shp Distance [value or field]: select Linear Unit and set 100 on the value field Side Type (Optional): select any from FULL/OUTSIDE/LEFT/RIGHT

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7. 8.

Select dissolve type and Select all the unnecessary fields in dissolve_field(s) (optional) Click on OK. You’re done.

Exercise 19: Editing Point Shapefiles Create a New Point Steps: 1. 2. 3.

Select the point layer in the Create Features dialog Choose the Point Construction Tools Click once to enter a point on your map.

Edit a Point Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Select the point layer in the Create Features dialog Choose the Edit Tool (Arrow) on the Editor Toolbar. Click on the point to modify. The point is now highlighted. Hit the delete key to delete the point Drag the point to a new location

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Move a Point to an X, Y Location Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Select the point layer in the Create Features dialog Double-click the point you want to move. Right-click on the point and select Move To… Type the new coordinates in the dialog box. Click anywhere on the map to complete move.

Exercise 20: Editing Polyline Shapefiles Create a New Line Steps: 1. 2. 3.

Select the Line layer in the Create Features dialog Choose the Line Construction Tools Click once to start the Line; click once to add each vertex; double-click to finish the line or rightclick and Finish Sketch.

Edit a Line Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Select the Line layer in the Create Features dialog Choose the Edit Tool (Arrow) on the Editor Toolbar. Double-click on the line to modify. The line is now highlighted with the vertices shown. Hit the delete key to delete the line. Click and drag a vertex to a new location to move a vertex. Right-click on the line to add a vertex. Mouse-over and right-click on a vertex to delete the vertex. Click somewhere on the map (not on the line) to deselect the line

Flip a Polyline Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Select the Line layer in the Create Features dialog Choose the Edit Tool (Arrow) on the Editor Toolbar. Click on the line to modify. The line is now highlighted with the vertices shown. Right-click on the line and select Flip. Click somewhere on the map (not on the line) to deselect the line.

Exercise 21: Editing Polygon Shapefiles Create a New Polygon Steps: (Single Polygon) 1. Select the polygon layer in the Create Features dialog 2. Choose the Polygon Construction Tools 3. Click once to start the polygon; click once to add each vertex; double-click to finish the polygon or right-click and Finish Sketch. Steps: (Auto-Complete Polygons) 1. When using the Auto-Complete Polygon tool, ArcMap automatically uses the shapes of the surrounding polygons in that layer to create the geometry for the new polygon. 2. Select the polygon layer in the Create Features dialog 3. Choose the Auto Complete Polygon Construction Tools 4. Click inside or on the boundary of the existing polygon to start the new polygon; click once to add each vertex; double-click inside or on the boundary of an existing polygon to finish the polygon. Steps: (Clipped polygon) 1. Select the polygon layer in the Create Features dialog 2. Choose the Polygon Construction Tools

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3. 4. 5.

Click once to start the polygon; click once to add each vertex; double-click to finish the polygon or right-click and Finish Sketch. Sketch another polygon inside the polygon you just created. The inside polygon should now be highlighted. a. Editor Tool drop-down menu > Clip. The Clip dialog box opens > Choose discard the area that intersects > Hit the delete key. The inside polygon should now be removed.

Steps: (Polygon within a polygon) 1. Select the polygon layer in the Create Features dialog 2. Choose the Polygon Construction Tools 3. Click once to start the polygon; click once to add each vertex; double-click to finish the polygon or right-click and Finish Sketch. 4. Sketch another polygon inside the polygon you just created. The inside polygon should now be highlighted. 5. a. Editor Tool drop-down menu > Clip. The Clip dialog box opens > Choose Select Discard the area that intersects. The two polygons are now two separate polygons.

Exercise 22: Define Projection Define the Projection Steps: 1. 2. 3.

9. 10.

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Click on the red toolbox button to start ArcToolbox Data Management Tools > Projections and Transformations Define Projection a. Input Data: Drag the file from the TOC to this box, select from menu, or select via the browse button b. Coordinate System; i. Either import the projection from one of our other shapefiles that you know has the same projection OR ii. Select it from the list (Geographic Coordinate Systems > World > WGS 1984 > c. OK Now you can input this file to any project and the spatial reference will be set correctly Confirm the data is in the correct spot, if not there probably is an offset due to incorrect projection settings OR Right-click the file in Catalog > Properties Select the XY Coordinate System > Select Either import the projection from another shapefile that you know has the same projection OR Select it from the list OK

Exercise 23: Interoperability Importing Kmz/Kml Data into ArcMap and Creating Shapefile Steps: 1.

2.

Make sure you received KML and not KMZ (zipped KML package) data. If you received KMZ, open the file in Google Earth first and save as KML. Refer to this blog post for detail instructions. Note: You might try to work on KMZ directly in ArcMap, I confirmed that ArcMap 10.2 can import point data from KMZ file, but previous version and other data (lines, polygons) had given me problems in the past when I tried importing from KMZ directly. Start ArcMap (new project or any project covering the area your data are coming from). Open ArcToolBox (click on the red toolbox icon on the top). In Conversion Tool/From KML start KML To Layer.

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3.

Browse to the KML file you saved and run the tool.

4.

Important: Do not rename output location from Users\….\Documents\ArcGIS.That prevented tool from running correctly. When creating file name for new .lyr file, do not leave spaces and use _UNDERSCORE _ instead of dashes. ArcMap might not crush because of that, but such file names might give you problem in your GIS analysis in a long run. If the process runs without error you will see a new layer added to your ArcMap project

5.

To save the new layer file as a shapefile, right click on the geo-information type (points, lines, polygons have to be saved in separate shapefiles) you want to save and select Data/Export Data…

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6. 7.

Click on the folder icon and name shapefile you want to export. Click OK and save shapefile.

8.

You are DONE.

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Converting ArcGIS Layers to Google Earth (KML) Converting ArcGIS layers to Google Earth allows others to easily see layers without specialized software. Both ArcGIS and Google Earth Pro contain tools that allow conversion to and saving in KML format. Note: Be certain you are not allowed to share layers if they were not created by you

. Conversion using ArcGIS  First, open the layer that you wish to covert.  In the ArcToolbox window, expand “Conversion Tools,” then “To KML,” and select “Layer to KML.”  When the “Layer to KML” window appears, first select the shapefile or layer for the “Layer” box.  Next select a directory for the file to be created and provide a name for the file.  Finally, you must enter a number for the “Layer Output Scale.” If your layer has a scale-dependent renderer, this setting allows you to export the KML at a specific level of resolution. Otherwise, it has no effect, whatever the number.

Exercise 24: Map Portability & Printing Exporting Map Steps: Note: Be sure that your desire map will be visible within a data frame window. Note: Be Sure there is no any unnecessary layer are in visible mode 1. 2. 3. 4.

If you are sure that your map is ready to produce or export, then Click on File Menu Click on Export Map Select the desire folder and provide appropriate name of your map. Select file types as you need

5.

Remember if you want to use the file for email then following basic file types are available  PDF: Portable document format (share by email)  AI (to use on Adobe Illustrator for publishing purpose)  EPS (editable postscript vector file, can be use on photoshop or other graphic softwares)  TIFF (for high resolution layer file)  JPEG (general purpose image file)

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6. 7.

8.

9.

 PNG (Portable with transparent background and suitable for websites)  GIF (for traditional websites format) etc. Click on Option (below the save or file types area) You will see following option added on above windows/dialogue

Select Resolution as below  For Press or Printing purpose: Resolution minimum 150 dpi or above (better to ask with press personal, which resolution they need)  For Websites: Resolution minimum 72 dpi or above (better to ask with developer, which resolution they need) After completing Click OK Note: Map without Legend, scale and other premium features will not more effective.

Creating a Complete Map Output Steps: Note: Be sure that your desire map will be visible within a data frame window. Note: Be Sure there is no any unnecessary layer are in visible mode 1.

Change the map view to Layout View from the bottom of data frame.

2.

You will see your map will be placed like

3. 4. 5. 6.

Now go to File Menu and Click on Select the printer which is going to print map, page size and orientation Click on OK Click on Insert Menu and add Basic Map Components Such as: TITLE (default name will be your project name, you can change)

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LEGEND (you can manage different legend options) NORTH ARROW (Select your choice of arrow) SCALE BAR (Select your choice of map scale) SCALE TEXT (Select your choice of scale text) 7. You can even add Neatline (additional border for the map) Additional Map inside additional Data Frame and Pictures/Objects/Texts if needed. 8. Don’t forget to add following data in your map  Author Name or Copyright Information  Map Published/Export Year (Full Date with Time for hazard map)  Coordinate System  File Path and File Name (for internal documentation purpose) Note: You can edit each Map element by double clicking on the map components. 9. Now go to File Menu and Click on Print or Export Map. 10. You are done.

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Module 3 Exercise 25: Replace Attribute Table Values Steps: (To replace the values in an attribute table) 1. Open the feature class or the shapefile in ArcMap. 2. Open the attribute table of the layer by right clicking on the layer and clicking open attribute table. 3. Click the Editor menu on the Editor toolbar, and select Start Editing. 4. On the attribute table, select the field to be edited. This is to ensure only the selected field is amended.

5.

Click the Table Options icon at the top left corner of the table and select the 'Find and Replace' command.

6. 7. 8.

Click the Replace tab in the 'Find and Replace' dialog box. In the 'Find what' box, type the character or string to be edited. In the 'Replace with' box, input the character or string to be replaced with and ensure the 'Search Only Selected Field(s)' is checked.

9. Click the Replace All button to replace all the values at once, and close the dialog box. 10. On the Editor toolbar, go to the Editor menu. 11. Select Save Edits and click Stop Editing.

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Exercise 26: Delete Attribute Table Values Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Open the feature class or the shapefile in ArcMap. Open the attribute table of the layer by right clicking on the layer and clicking open attribute table. Click the Editor menu on the Editor toolbar, and select Start Editing. On the attribute table, select the field to be edited.  Right click on a row to delete rows



Right Click on a selected field (cell) to delete cell data.



If you are done, click on editor and Save edits

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Exercise 27: Edit Attribute Table Values Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Open the feature class or the shapefile in ArcMap. Open the attribute table of the layer by right clicking on the layer and clicking open attribute table. Click the Editor menu on the Editor toolbar, and select Start Editing. On the attribute table, click on specific cell that you want to edit. Make your amendments done. On the Editor toolbar, go to the Editor menu. Select Save Edits and click Stop Editing.

Exercise 28: Use Your Own Store Data (Excel Files) For Plotting Georeference Steps: 1. 2.

First of all, prepare your data (i.e. covert your coordinates into decimal format) Arrange your data in order of Longitude, Latitude, Settlements, Info_1, Info_2, Info_3, Info_4, Info_5, Info_6 (here info means you type of data standards) For e.g.

and locate your excel files

3.

Click on Add Data

4.

Click on Add button (do same for the worksheet that contains geo-addresses)

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5.

Now you can see new layer added on your Table of Contents Side

6.

Right Click on the Excel Sheet and click on Display XY Data

7. 8.

Click on Edit Button and Search GCS_WGS_1984 or Simply Choose WGS 1984 Select it and Click OK. Your excel data will be populated on your map like:

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Exercise 29: Converting Points to Lines Steps: 1. 2.

Remember your last action that plotted your data on maps. Now open ArcCatalog and find System Toolboxes > Data Management Tools > Features > Points To Line

3.

Double Click on Points To Line

4.

Input Features select your recent event and on Output Feature Class select your location and filename to save the layer and Click OK.

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Exercise 30: Converting Feature to Polygon Steps: 1. 2.

Remember your last action that plotted your data on maps. Now open ArcCatalog and find System Toolboxes > Data Management Tools > Features > Feature To Polygon

3. 4. 5. 6.

In Input Features provide your last point plotted layer name On Output Feature Class set you desire filename and location Click OK. Your output will be like:

7.

You’re done.

Some GIS Development Software: Key Indicator Data System (KIDS) MapCruncher Map Maker DIVA-GIS GRASS GIS SPRING POPulation MAPper PloneMap

AGIS VTP GRID MapMachine MapWindow GIS WorldKit MapLab MapJunction

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BASINS SharpMap SAMT mezoGIS MapWindow HidroSIG MapIt! InterMap

HUGO gvSIG GeoVista Studio Virtual Terrain Project (VTP) VGMap TOPAZ GeoTools SAV GIS etc.


THANK YOU VERY MUCH !

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Gis Manuals Final 2016 Aug 25

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