Descripción: Geo technical Engineering by Datta and Gulhati
Descripción completa
Features of soil: 1. _____ phase phase system: system: ___________, ___________, ___________ _____________, __, ____________. ____________. 2. Struct Structure ure:: a. Orien Oriente ted: d: b. Not oriente oriented: d: 3. Grain size ranges over _ to _ orders of magnitude (diameter). a. ________ ________ > _______ _______ > ________ ________ > _______. _______. 4. Soil mechanics mechanics is governed governed by ___________ __________________ _____________ ________. __. Volume of solids (___) = Volume of water (___) (___) = Volume of voids (___) voids (___) = Specific Gravity (__) Gravity (__) Usually ~____ to ____. Specific gravity = Phase relationships:
Void ratio (___) High values: __________ & Low values: __________ Depends on: ________________________________ Porosity (___) Porosity (___) porosity = Moisture content/water content content (___) water content = Degree of saturation (___) saturation (___) degree of saturation = ___% < ___ < ___% (dry to saturated)
Unit weight (___) unit weight = dry unit weight =
unit weight of water:
Saturated unit weight (___) saturated unit weight =
Buoyant unit weight (___) buoyant unit weight = Relative density (___) relative density = Low relative density = _______ & high relative density = ________ Relative density (%)
Description
Coefficient of gradation (curvature) (____) coefficient of gradation = Coefficient of uniformity (___) coefficient of uniformity = Low coefficient of uniformity → _______ & high coefficient of uniformity → _________
5. Most problematic: a. Reason: 6. Why water is attracted to clay: 7. _______ plasticity & ________ permeability Atterberg Limits
1. Liquid limit test: 2. Plastic limit test: 3. Shrinkage limit test: 4. Plasticity Index (PI) = a. Higher the PI → 5. Liquidity Index (LI) = 6. Hydrometer test: a. Why calgon solution? Soil Classification C=
M=
H=
L=
O=
P= W=
1. U- line: 2. A-line: Soil compaction 1. Increase ________ & decrease _________ → increase ____________ decrease ____________ decrease ____________ 2. For soils with _______. 3. Used for: 4. Compaction = 5. Densification = 6. Compaction curve & zero air voids curve:
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Data points will fall _______ ZAV curve. ZAV curve in relation to the compaction curve: Standard Proctor Test vs. Modified Proctor Test: Increase γd max by increasing:
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Increase compaction energy → curve shifts ______________________ (T / F) Good to be at ωopt for increased strength and low permeability.
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Soil improvement 1. Mechanical: 2. Chemical: 3. Compaction: 4. Dynamic Deep Compaction: 5. Relative compaction: 6. End product specifications should include: Permeability 1. Definition: 2. Used for: Hydraulic gradient (___) hydraulic gradient = Velocity ___ > ___ > ___ 1. 2. 3. Darcy’s Law 1. Values of k greatest for _______, lowest for _______. 2. “k” depends on: 3. “k” (___________________) is determined experimentally using: a. _________________ Test (for: _____________) b. _________________ Test (for: _____________) 4. Layers with __________________ control the flow. Seepage 1. Total seepage = 2. Want to minimize ratio (____) 3. To minimize hydraulic gradient, use: 4. Uplift pressure =
a. Should uplift be of concern? Effective stress 1. Groundwater table = 2. Total stress = 3. Critical hydraulic gradient = Capillarity 1. Height of capillary rise is greatest for ______, smallest for ________. 2. Height of capillary rise for α=0: 3. Hazen equation: 4. Ice lens: a. Formation: Water rises from ______ by ________. Lens thaw, _____________ collapses into _______. b. ________ most vulnerable. c. ________ is not problematic because: d. Solution: ___________ is used as a _______________. Soil filters 1. Criteria: a. b. Flow net - rules for construction: 1. Must be drawn __________. 2. Impermeable boundaries = 3. Soil/water interfaces = 4. Flow lines begin and end at ______________. 5. Flow lines come into soil and exit soil at __ degrees to soil/water interface. 6. Flowlines and equipotentials intersect at __ degrees. 7. Areas bounded should be ___________.
