GEOKRONOLOGI
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Akhir Awal Akhir Tengah Awal Akhir Tengah Awal
P""M %A*! ' " - ! 4 . !'!-.4.M %AM*.M
Arkheo8oikum 9 Protero8oikum 9 Pra %am+rium
Am/Geokronologi
M %"T"AA 0,01 1,65 3,5 Awal Awal manusia manus ia 5,2 (homosapiens) 10,2 16,2 umput 25,2 30,0 36,0 3#,0 $#,0 %u&a 5$,0 60,2 66,5 #6,0 #6,0 131,0 152,0 1#, 1#,0 0 210,0 231,0 2$0 0 250,0
'ino 'inossaur aurus pu pu nah *uru *u rung ng (tim (tim+u +ul) l)
'inosaurus (tim+ul)
2#0,0 *atu+ara (rawa) 262,5 $0,5 $3#,0 -erte+rata 510,0 (ikan) .n/erte+rata 50,0 (laut) *in +ersel satu Tum+uhan Tu m+uhan laut
Ta+le 10+1; Geologic time scale. "on
"ra
Perio&
Phanero8oi<
"po
Ma=or eologi< Milestones
Modern humans develop. (Present-10,000 yrs Pleistocene ce !ge BP) nterglacial. Holo
?uaternar@ (0-1.6 million yrs BP)
Pleistocene ce !ge. "#tinction o$ many species (10,000 -1,600,000 o$ large mammals and yrs BP) %irds. Pleisto
evelopment o$ hominid %ipedalism. ascade (1.6-&.' million yrs Mountains %egan $orming. BP) limate cooling. Pliocene
himpanee and hominid lines evolve. "#tensive Miocene (&.'-*+ million yrs glaciation in outhern BP) emisphere. limate cooling.
>eno8oi<
Tertiar@
Brosing mammals and many types o$ modern /ligocene plants evolve. reation o$ (*+-' million yrs the !lps and imalaya BP) mountain chains. 2olcanoes $orm in 3oc4y Mountains. Primitive mon4eys evolve and imalayas %egan "ocene $orming. !ustralian plate ('-&5 million yrs separates $rom !ntarctica. BP) ndian plate collides ith !sia. 3ats, mice, and suirrels evolve. hallo (&5-6& million yrs continental seas %ecome BP) less idespread. Paleocene
Mesooic
>reta
Am/Geokronologi
7irst $loering plants, greatest dinosaur diversity, retaceous Mass "#tinction ( 6& m BP), and
!ndes Mountains $orm. !$rica and outh !merica %egin to separate. limate cooling %ecause o$ mountain %uilding. hallo seas have e#tensive distri%ution.
8urassic (1++-*05 million yrs BP)
;riassic (*05-*+& million yrs BP)
Paleo8oi< Permian (*+&-*56 million yrs BP)
Pennsylvanian (*56-'*0 million yrs BP)
Mississippian ('*0-'60 million yrs BP)
evonian ('60-+05 million Am/Geokronologi
7irst %irds and mammals appear. 9evadian Mountains $orm. :arge areas o$ the continents covered %y shallo seas. limate generally arm and sta%le ith little seasonal or latitudinal variation. hallo seas e#panding. 7irst dinosaurs. "#tensive deserts e#ist in continental interiors. limate arm. hallo seas limited in distri%ution. Permian Mass "#tinction. 3eptiles %ecome more diverse. limate cold at %eginning o$ the Permian then arms. !verage elevation o$ landmasses at their highest shallo seas less e#tensive. 7irst reptiles appear.
yrs BP)
ilurian (+05-+'5 million yrs BP)
/rdovician (+'5-&0& million yrs BP)
am%rian (&0&-&&1 million yrs BP)
(&&1-*&00 million yrs BP)
Also known as Pre
adean ('500-+600 million yrs BP)
Am/Geokronologi
Ma=or e#tinction event occurs. 7irst land plants and insects. ontinents are generally $lat. ;ectonic upli$t %egins. 7irst $ish and $ungi. Greatest e#tent o$ shallo seas. limate %ecoming armer. nverte%rates %ecome common. 7ossiliation o$ the Burgess hale. :arge areas o$ shallo seas near the euator. limate as arm. "u4aryotic cell organisms develop. 7irst multicellular organisms. hanges in the lithosphere created ma=or land masses and e#tensive shallo seas.
Proterooic
!rchean
appear. !ppalachian Mountains $orm. "#tinction o$ primitive vascular plants. :andmasses generally increasing in altitude. limate cooling.
lo development o$ the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. 7irst single-celled pro4aryotic organisms. "arth>s oldest roc4s come $rom the end o$ this "on.
