General Plant Cell Structure

GENERAL PLANT CELL STRUCTURE I. Cell Wall - Outermost part of the cell; non living structure. Its main component is cellulose which is a polysaccharide. polysaccharide. Also composed of lignin, suberin, and cutin (waxy cuticle that prevents cell dehydration II. Protoplast ! living component of the cell; cotains the di"erent di"erent organelles. #ave two main regions$ cytoplasm (outer and nucleus (inner region Cytoplasm - bounded by a protoplasmic membrane called plasma membrane which is a semi permeable membrane which regulates entry%exit of materials in a cell; consists of a light middle layer (composed (composed of phospholipids bounded by & dar'er layers layers ( consist of proteins a. Mitochondria  rounded, oval, or sausage shaped; rod shaped - main site of cellular respiration and is bounded by a double membrane with the inner membrane thrown to ngerli'e folds (cristae !. Ri!osomes ! granular structure; responsible for protein synthesis c. Endoplasmic Retic"l"m ! delicate system of interconnected membrane bounded channels which facilitates the movement of materials within cell and provide sirface area for synthesis of various input compounds; stores lipids, steroids, and carbs ().*.+. and protein synthesis (+.*.+ d. Gol#i $odies% &ictyosomes ! attened and rounded vesicles, sac li'e structures; collects, pac'ages, modies biomolecules; transports the proteins produced from *.+. e. Lysosomes  rounded or irregular shaped; bounded by a single membrane and contain hydrolytic or digestive enymes which destroys worn out or infecting parts of the cell '. Plastids ! Plastids ! rounded, oval, or irregular shaped; Le"coplasts ! Le"coplasts ! colorless plastids; for food storage$ amyloplast ! starch; elaioplast ! oil; aleuroplast ! proteins; Chloroplast ! Chloroplast ! green plastids containing green pigment chlorophyll (found in thyla'oid thyla'oid dis's; photosynthetic ; Chromoplast ! Chromoplast ! colored plastids; lycopenered, caroteneorange, xantophyllyellow, carotenoidyellow carotenoidyellow and orange, anthocyanin blue, violet and red; found in vacuoles #. Cytos(eleton ! cell/s framewor'; microt"!"les for microt"!"les for support and cellular movement and tubulins proteins present (component of cilia and agella; micro)laments maintains cell shape, responsible responsible for cell contraction and have actin and myosin; intermediate laments for movement and gives strenght to cells N"cle"s a. N"clear mem!rane  outermost; double membrane and semipermeable, regulates passage in and out of nucleus; composed of lipids and proteins and houses 01A !. N"cleoplasm% *aryolymph% N"clear Sap ! uid portion of nucleus; for supporting and facilitates movement of chromosomes and also contains chromatin (01A and proteins c. N"cleol"s ! where ribosome is synthesied and assembled; +ibosomal +1A III. INCLUSI+NS - non-protoplasmic structures; structures; non-living components which do not possess metabolic activities

,ac"oles ! uid lled; contain dissolved substances$ anthocyanins (#&o soluble pigment and various metabolites (sugars, inorganic salts, organic acids, al'aloids; contain their waste products in the form of crystals